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You're never too old to quit smoking. That's the message from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. According to the CDC, smokers die an average of 10 years earlier than nonsmokers, and smoking is responsible for about 1 in 5 U.S. deaths annually. Many seniors want to quit smoking: Forty-seven percent of smokers who are 65 years or older stopped smoking for more than one day in 2015 because they were trying to quit. Breaking cigarette addiction can be an arduous endeavor, especially for longtime smokers, but the benefits are well worth it. Though some might think that after decades of smoking, the damage is already done, health professionals and government organizations say otherwise. "Even for someone of an older age, it is always worth quitting as the positive benefits start to occur minutes after smoking exposure," says Richard Bryce, a doctor of osteopathic medicine at the Community Health and Social Services Center, a nonprofit health center in Detroit. The CDC reports that short-term results can be seen: Just 12 hours after quitting, the carbon monoxide level in your blood goes back to normal; two weeks to three months after quitting, your risk of heart attack begins to drop; and one year after quitting, your risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker. There are chemical and psychological components to cigarette addiction. Once smokers toss their filter-tipped friends, they must manage symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and grapple with other side effects like increased hunger, anxiety, irritability and mental fogginess. Though no solution will work for everyone, try these steps and practices to see what works for you. --Consult your doctor. "As an osteopathic physician, I partner with my patients to identify the mental, emotional and physical challenges a patient faces, so that we can address them together," says Bryce. Work with your doctor to develop a plan that is realistic and works for your mental and physical health. --Nicotine replacement products. Many people use these to help reduce withdrawal feelings and cravings. Options include over-the-counter nicotine gum, lozenges and patches, as well as prescription nasal sprays and inhalers. Additionally, the Food & Drug Administration has approved two non-nicotine medications, Zyban and Chantix. --Behavioral therapy. Seek counseling from a doctor or in a group setting. Nicotine Anonymous, a nonprofit 12-step program for men and women, offers both group meetings and phone meetings. --Find a new buzz. Substitute the satisfaction cigarettes bring with a healthier alternative, such as exercise or coffee. Many smokers simply miss the sensation of holding a cigarette in their hands or between their teeth. Reach for a different comfort to get past the urges, such as sugarless gum, flavored toothpicks or sunflower seeds. Whatever you choose, stash it everywhere -- in your purse, car, house, desk -- so it's always available. --Start a new positive routine. Take up a new hobby. Check something off your bucket list. Finish those tasks you started long ago and never got around to finishing. --Community support. A Harris Poll survey of over 2,000 U.S. adults conducted for the American Osteopathic Association revealed that 23 percent of Americans believe collaborating with friends or family members is the most effective aid for a tobacco user who is trying to quit. Notify your loved ones of your goal, and reach out to them for support. --Smoke-free apps. Technologically attuned seniors can explore apps like QuitGuide and quitSTART for daily support. QuitGuide helps you understand your smoking patterns and build skills to become and remain smoke-free. --Celebrate victories, large and small. On average, it takes smokers seven attempts to quit before they beat their addiction. "Every quit counts," says Bryce. Develop a reward system for meeting quitting milestones, such as a trip to the movies, a weekend getaway or a new gym membership. Aging is no reason to give up on your health. In fact, quitting smoking at old age is the perfect time to take control, take action and finally kick the habit that's been ailing you for years.

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Listen to the Story on Morning Edition: Listen to the Story on Morning Edition: Some of the most healthful foods you can think of — blueberries, cranberries, apples, almonds and squash — would never get to your plate without the help of insects. No insects, no pollination. No pollination, no fruit. A huge collaboration of bee researchers, from more than a dozen countries, looked at how pollination happens in dozens of different crops, including strawberries, coffee, buckwheat, cherries and watermelons. As they report in the journal Science, even when beekeepers installed plenty of hives in a field, yields usually got a boost when wild, native insects, such as bumblebees or carpenter bees, also showed up. "The surprising message in all of this is that honeybees cannot carry the load. Honeybees need help from their cousins and relatives, the other wild bees," says Marla Spivak, a professor of entomology at the University of Minnesota. "So let's do something to promote it, so that we can keep honeybees healthy and our wild bee populations healthy." Unfortunately, a second study, also released in Science this week, makes it clear that wild bees aren't having an easy time of it. That study essentially follows in the century-old footsteps of Charles Robertson, "one of America's great scientists that nobody knows about," says Laura Burkle, an ecologist at Montana State University. Robertson taught biology and Greek at Blackburn College in Carlinville, Ill., and he was fascinated by the close connection between insects and flowers. He spent years in the forests around Carlinville, carefully noting which insects visited which wild flowers at what time of year. Burkle and Tiffany Knight, a colleague at Washington University in St. Louis, went back to Carlinville to see how much of the ecosystem that Robertson observed still exists today. Much of the forested area around the town has been converted into fields of corn and soybeans — or suburbs. In the fragments of forest that remain, Burkle and Knight found all of the flowering plants that Robertson recorded in his notes a century ago. Of the 109 species of bees that Robertson saw, though, just over half seemed to have disappeared from that area. "We don't know why," says Burkle. One possibility might be a loss of nesting sites for these bees. But a changing climate may also play a role. The bees that disappeared tended to be species that depended on just a few kinds of flowers for food. For those bees to survive, their preferred flowers have to be blooming when the bees start flying and need food. The warming trend might have thrown off that timing. In fact, Burkle says, if you map the interactions between flowers and bees, they seem more tenuous now. Some flowers may get visited by just one or two kinds of bees, and maybe just for one week. "I don't know that these systems can take a lot more environmental change without something drastic happening," she says. Many bee researchers are trying to figure out how to help those native bees — and how to help farmers who benefit from them. Claire Kremen, a conservation biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who's a co-author of the first study in Science, says one of the biggest problems for wild bees is the agricultural specialization that has produced huge fields of just one crop. The almond groves of California, for example, are a sea of blossoms in February. It's a feast, as far as the eye can see, for honeybees that come here from all over the country. "But for the rest of the year, there's nothing blooming," she says. That means there are no bees. "In fact, in places where we have very large monocultures of almond, we don't find any native bees anymore," Kremen says. Planting other flowers in and around these almond groves, maybe as hedgerows, blooming all summer long, would help, she says. Even better would be farms with smaller fields, and lots of different crops flowering at different times. Wild bees, Kremen says, need diversity. Copyright 2013 NPR.

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3D visualizations in the IDV can be logged in a Jupyter notebook and published in a RAMADDA repository as a "Case Study" object. "Teleport" functionality for IDV allows Case Studies to be batch-created (with data fetched) from a list of lat-lon-time coordinates, ready for quick nimble human inspection. This project will develop and utilize capabilities for its scientists to "drill down" into abstract statistics about the flows of the atmosphere and ocean, to build a library of Notebooks with clear views of the actual weather systems (in the atmospheric part of the work) or Gulf of Mexico ocean eddies (in the ocean part of the work). The researchers will build this software, DRILSDOWN, using popular and powerful open-source software components that already exist, so it should be very generally applicable and have a long future. The power at the heart of the DRILSDOWN software will be the Integrated Data Viewer. The front end will consist of Jupyter Notebooks, a very popular new approach for literate computing and reproducibility of science. Literate computing allows a human-readable, meaningful, openly published document to have embedded computer-executable codes that can be repeated by anyone to replicate the results. The code can be adjusted if a user wants to see how analysis choices translate into outcomes. The involvement of scientists and a postdoc and and students will ensure the product development is useful to real research activities, while the collaboration with professional software developers (and the use of popular existing components) will ensure that it is robust and flexible enough to serve other ?use cases?, including researchers in other areas of geoscience. The project will develop and utilize new software called DRILSDOWN to facilitate the linking of statistics to instances, a key step in the science of complex systems. In order to guide and stress test the software development, the team will perform novel atmospheric and oceanic science newly enabled by DRILSDOWN. In the atmosphere, they will study some distinct but related published measures of high-impact flow events variously classified as Rossby wave breaking (or potential vorticity filamentation) in the upper troposphere, or as poleward water vapor transports in the lower troposphere. Three-dimensional case studies will show the relationship between these low- and high-altitude descriptions, based on statistics of each measure which will allow us to select cases with high-low, low-high, and high-high measures. How do these different measures perform at characterizing these high impact events, and how might they be reconciled and perhaps optimized? In the ocean, similar activity will be to examine statistical characterizations of eddy shedding from the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico, an important current system for oil spills, hurricanes, fisheries, and other hazards and interests. Full-detail case studies of marginal cases (shedding/ non-shedding) will inform fundamental science understanding of the shedding process, as well as helping to improve the algorithms for objectively measuring it, so that large ensembles of possible ocean flow scenarios can be more effectively and rapidly screened, with realistic uncertainty quantification, for instance in the event of an incident requiring ocean forecasts.

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Start Your Visit WithHistorical Timelines General Interest Maps Henry Clay was born into a middle-class family in Hanover County, Virginia, on April 12, 1777, the seventh of nine children. He studied law with the noted George Wythe, mentor of Thomas Jefferson and John Marshall. At age 20, Clay moved to Lexington, Kentucky and quickly established himself as a successful lawyer. His oratorical skills, friendly manner, and inclinations to engage in gambling and drinking made him immensely popular. On April 11, 1799, Henry Clay married Lucretia Hart, youngest daughter of Colonel Thomas Hart, a well-to-do land speculator and merchant. He soon developed considerable personal property and began his association with the conservative landed classes that would continue through his lifetime. Belonging to the Jeffersonian-Republican party, Clay became interested in politics in Kentucky. He supported emancipation of slaves and voiced opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts. Elected to the Kentucky legislature in 1803, he went to Washington in 1806 to complete an unexpired term in the U.S. Senate. In 1807, he was re-elected to the Kentucky legislature and became its speaker of the house. Re-elected in 1809, he was again sent to take an unexpired U.S. Senate term in 1810. Returning to Kentucky, he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives, which elected him as its speaker in 1811. Clay’s efforts to forge the Missouri Compromise (1820) were the first of several such ventures dealing with expansion and the spread of slavery. Clay was himself a slave owner, but he favored the emancipation of slaves and their resettlement in Africa. The Election of 1824 was decided in the House of Representatives. John Quincy Adams won the presidency and selected Henry Clay as his secretary of state — a move that encouraged critics to claim a "corrupt bargain." Clay gained widespread support in his home state and throughout the West for advocacy of the American System. In 1831, Henry Clay returned to the Senate and emerged as the leader of the National Republican party, which later became the Whig Party. He lost a bid for the presidency in 1832, but figured prominently in Jackson's and Biddle's Bank War and the Tariff of 1833. After vetoing the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States, Jackson took steps to crush the bank by withdrawing the crucial deposits of federal money. He instructed the Secretary of the Treasury William Duane to do so but Duane would not comply so Jackson replaced him with the more pliant Roger B. Taney. Taney promptly put the federal funds in the Girard Bank of Philadelphia. Henry Clay responded to this by proposing on December 26, 1833, that the Senate censure Jackson for overstepping his authority. On March 28, 1834, the Senate adopted Clay's recommendation by a vote of 26 to 20. Clay’s perhaps most notable achievement came in the Compromise of 1850, in which the “Great Pacificator” or “Great Compromiser” managed temporarily to tame sectional passions. The Whig Party lasted only a short while following Clay’s death, but their ideas, particularly the American System, were taken over by the new Republican Party. Henry Clay did not have much time to live after the Compromise of 1850. He spent the summer of 1851 as his estate Ashland. Although dying of tuberculosis, he returned to Washington and made another appearance in the Senate, but afterwards was confined to his room in the National Hotel, where he died on June 29, 1852. ---- Selected Quotes ---- Quotes by Henry Clay. Regarding War of 1812 Strike wherever we can reach the enemy, at sea and on land. But if we fail, let us fail like men, lash ourselves to our gallant gars, and expire together in one common struggle, fighting for free trade and seamen's rights. During the War of 1812 Regarding Causes of the Mexican War This is no war of defense, but one of unnecessary and of offensive aggression. It is Mexico that is defending her firesides, her castles and altars, not we. Regarding The Union I have heard something said about allegiance to the South. I know no South, no North, no East, no West, to which I owe any allegiance... The Union, sir, is my country. Speech in the US Senate, 1848 Regarding United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States was made not merely for the generation that then existed, but for posterity—unlimited, undefined, endless, perpetual posterity. Speech in the US Senate, 1850 Regarding War Hawks The militia of Kentucky are alone [able] to place Montreal and Upper Canada at your feet. Speech in Congress urging war with Britain in 1812

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You are here Nobels by the Numbers Nobels by the Numbers Years between Peter Higgs and Francois Englert proposing the Higgs boson and being awarded the Nobel Prize, among the longest waits between discovery and recognition in the Physics Nobel’s history. On average, the time between discovery and winning the prize is rising, according to data published in Physics Today,1 and, if trends continue, most physicists will die before winning a Nobel. Year between Chen Ning Yang and T. D. Lee’s publication of “Question of Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions” in Physical Review in 1956 and their being awarded the Nobel in 1957. This is the fastest time from discovery to prize. Age of William Lawrence Bragg when he won the Nobel in Physics in 1915, the youngest ever Physics laureate. Age of Raymond Davis, Jr., when he was awarded the Nobel in Physics in 2002, the oldest person ever to win the Physics Nobel. Paul Dirac’s age when he won the Nobel. He may have wished he could take back a poem he had recited, according to biographer Helge Kragh, a few years earlier: “Age is, of course, a fever chill / that every physicist must fear / He is better dead than living still / when once he is past his thirtieth year.” The number of women who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Marie Curie shared the 1903 prize with her husband and Henri Becquerel for their discovery of radiation, and Maria Goeppert Mayer shared the 1963 prize with Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner for important discoveries about the structure of the nucleus. The amount in Swedish krona that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, the first Physics laureate, received as his prize. SEK 150,782 in 1901is equivalent to about 7.7 million kronur today, which is not dissimilar to the values of today’s awards, which have fluctuated at around 9 million SEK as of late. Nine million SEK is about $1 million. Percent of Physics laureates who wore beards; the other 80 percent apparently shaved regularly. According to tongue-in-cheek analysis by the Information is Beautiful Studio, the most likely demographic group to win a Nobel in any category would be a 61-year-old married man who was born in the spring, lives in America, and studies or works at Harvard. Children of Nobel Prize winners who have gone on to win the prize themselves (though not always in physics). Irene Curie, daughter of Marie and Pierre, won the Chemistry Prize in 1935. William Lawrence Bragg shared the 1915 Physics Prize with his father. Kai Siegbahn and his father, Manne Siegbahn, each won Nobels in Physics. Clearly, it pays to be related to a Nobel laureate. Number of people who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice. That honor goes to John Bardeen. (Marie Curie was the first person to win two Nobels, but her first was in chemistry.) Bardeen, who co-won the 1956 prize for helping develop the transistor, attended the awards ceremony without his family in tow. King Gustav scolded Bardeen about leaving his family behind on the occasion of the Nobel ceremony, and he promised to bring them “next time.” So far, he is the only person in history who has been able to keep such a promise. The percentage of Physics laureates in their 40s. More people in their 40s have won the Physics Prize than any other age group.3

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One of the unusual features of Telemecanique Sensors self-powered XIOT cloud-connected sensors is they work outside of buildings. Indoor wireless sensor applications are not new, but now users can use them in a field with no external cabling. Furthermore, they allow faster and lower cost installations with no cabling costs or breakdowns due to broken wires. Markedly, the technology opens a myriad of new applications. XIOT cloud connected sensors The Internet of Things (IoT) is the extension of the Internet to connected devices. Telemecanique Sensors XIOT cloud connected sensors offer a wireless solution to collect data from remote equipment via the Interent/IoT. The data is also available for use in real-time, via the Internet, on a PC or mobile device or phone. This makes then suited for areas without electricity or difficult-to-access areas The XIOT Cloud connected sensors use LPWAN (low power wide area network) technology, operated by Sigfox. Their network covers 32 countries and is already very extensive, chiefly in the UK and Europe, but growing elsewhere. How do XIOT remote sensors work? When a contact on the remote device changes state (1), the transmitter (2) sends a message to the IoT network (LPWAN) (3), that is then sent to a secure server (4). Message delivery is then to one or more recipients as an alert on PC, tablet, or smartphone (5). The XIOT cloud-connected sensors signal a significant or abnormal change of state on your devices in real-time. It uses antennas with a range of around 50 km. The map on the Sigfox website shows exactly which areas covered by the network (see https://sigfox.com/en/coverage). Typical remote applications for self-powered remote sensors – Irrigation system pressure threshold monitoring – Buildings and hoisting equipment hatch and door positions – Remote security for gates and fences Water treatment applications – Pumping, tank monitoring – Valves and flood gates Mining and quarrying applications – Conveyors and emergency stop monitoring The remote standalone transmitters use a rugged construction with IP66 sealed case and one cable outlet with two volt-free contacts. Power comes from the built-in Lithium battery with a lifespan of over 5 years, with use determining battery life of up to 10 years standalone usage assuming two frames/day. The transmitter is also accessible from a smartphone app or via a web page. Energy harvesting will replace batteries Future models will employ mechanical energy harvester technology like that used in Schneider’s Harmony push-buttons and Telemecanique limit-switches. The energy is generated by the actuation of the push-button or the limit-switch actuation head and consistent with industrial machinery life cycles. When actuated, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. This supplies the transmission of a one-time radio message to one or more receivers. Moreover, up to 32 push buttons/ limit-switches can be synchronized to one receiver, providing greater mobility in any environment. Finally, battery-less solutions offer permanent availability and also benefits the environment, eliminating costly battery maintenance, re-charging, and recycling. Download the XIOT Sensor brochure from BPX here

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Inside of eyeball, there is a natural lens, called crystalline lens that during the youth is transparent and allows clear vision at all distances. However, over the years, due to various changes that happen in the crystalline lens as in ciliary muscle, the ability of accommodation decreases. This reduction in the ability of accommodation induces poor visual quality in near vision. Nowadays, there are diverse techniques that allow improving the quality of vision in presbyopic patients, as multifocal contact lenses, progressive lenses or even surgery techniques. A variety of corneal and intraocular surgery techniques have been developed, with the purpose of presbyopia correction. Precisely, cataract or refractive lens exchange (RLE) surgeries improves the vision in presbyopic patients by means of multifocal or accommodative lens implantation. The introduction of small incision surgery (MICS) as the innovations developed in intraocular lens (IOLs) technology have allowed improving the outcomes and safety of these procedures. Concretely, in module 2 about lens surgery, the different surgical modalities and recent advances in crystalline lens surgery are explained. Which is the difference between cataract and refractive lens exchange surgery? In cataract surgery, the crystalline lens opacified is replaced by an intraocular lens. In fact, the advantages developed in IOLs technology allow that the visual quality after the intervention improves from near to far vision, even in intermediate distances. Cataract surgery has the advantage that in one surgery it is possible to replace the opacified crystalline lens as an alternative for presbyopia. However, cataract surgery is necessary very often in patients older than 60 years. This situation in some cases may be a problem because the first symptoms of presbyopia appear around their forties. In these situations, will be necessary an optometric or contactologic alternative to improve the vision. For this reason, an alternative to multifocal contact lenses or progressive lenses is refractive lens exchange, which is considered as an effective surgery to improve visual quality in presbyopic patients. During the surgery, the non-opacified crystalline lens is replaced by an intraocular lens, so in the future will not be necessary to perform another surgical procedure for cataracts. In the intervention in addition to correct the near vision, the optical quality improves to all distances correcting the refractive errors as myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism. Refractive lens exchange surgery is a procedure very popular in clinical practice and in research. Different technologies have been developed to improve the vision at all distances as multifocal and accommodative intraocular lenses. Due to the importance of this intervention in clinical practice, are necessary an adequate and extensive training programs. Precisely, in the Online Course in Refractive Clinical Methodology Cataract and Corneal Surgery, we provide widely formation about the surgical procedure and visual outcomes of refractive lens exchange. Concretely, in part A about surgical modalities of module 2, Refractive Lens Exchange is explained. Moreover, our teachers are professionals with different scientific studies published in Pubmed Central. Some scientific references of the course about this topic Alió JL, Pikkel J. Multifocal Intraocular Lenses. The Art and the Practice. Springer, 2014. Alio JL, Simonov A, Plaza-Puche AB, Angelov A, Angelov Y, van Lawick W et al. Visual Outcomes and Accommodative Response of the Lumina Accommodative Intraocular Lens. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016 Apr; 164:37-48. Alio JL, Grzybowski A, El Aswad A, Romaniuk D. Refractive lens exchange. Surv Ophthalmol. 2014 Nov-Dec; 59(6):579-98. Alió JL, Grzybowski A, Romaniuk D. Refractive lens exchange in modern practice: when and when not to do it? Eye Vis (Lond). 2014 Dec 10; 1:10. Alió JL, Tavolato M, De la Hoz F, Claramonte P, Rodríguez-Prats JL, Galal A. Near vision restoration with refractive lens exchange and pseudoaccommodating and multifocal refractive and diffractive intraocular lenses: comparative clinical study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004 Dec; 30(12):2494-503.

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Hoverflies mimic bees, wasps and all manner of other insects in order to put off predators — but does their subterfuge really work? Simon Morton finds out. Out in the gardens of Britain at the moment you’ll see dozens of bees, wasps — and hoverflies, those curious, stingless little fellows who pretend to be one or the other with their black and yellow outfits. As it happens, black and yellow is just one of their many liveries. This is an astonishingly varied beast with 276 different species in Britain alone, and around 6,000 more known across the world. They’re arguably the most colourful and varied tribe to take to the air — even more so than butterflies (56 members), ladybirds (46), dragonflies (30) and damselflies (16), all of which flaunt their identities. What they’re most famous for, however, is their mimicry of their stinging cousins. And while the difference between bee, wasp and hoverfly is almost immediately obvious to the human eye, there is absolutely no doubt that their disguise helps enormously in keeping them safe from predators. With not a sting or a bite between them, hoverflies pretend to be honeybees, bumblebees, blowflies or wasps as they work wildflowers and borders or invade greenhouses (in America, they are known as flowerflies). Active from March to November, they sup nectar, pollen and honeydew, performing as much pollination as their better-known counterparts, although some feed on aphids and dead insects. An opportunistic bird or spider might take rare advantage — one researcher’s tame flycatcher was seen to rub the stings off bees, but take no such precaution with bee-like hoverflies — but fungal infection is their principal enemy. They’re far from alone in this cleverness. Mimicry in Nature has been well documented, some of which are bewilderingly cunning. There are female fireflies which imitate the mating signals of another species to attract males, which they then eat; the chameleon vine adapts the colour and shape of its leaves to simulate those of its host plant, and thus avoid herbivores; and then there are the fungi which mimic the odour of rotting carrion, thus attracting flies that will disseminate their spores. There are actually different categories of mimicry bearing the names of the men who classified them. Browerian involves the same species: some caterpillars of the monarch butterfly eat a toxic variety of milkweed and themselves become toxic, so deterring predators from taking others from non-toxic plants. Mullerian involves two species imitating their warning characteristics to mutual advantage, as practised by some ladybirds. But the big one is Batesian defensive mimicry, whereby vulnerable species take on the appearance of others that predators know to be dangerous. This is the trick pulled off by hoverflies, and is named after Henry Walter Bates (1825–92), one of those redoubtable Victorians who explored the secrets of regions unknown. Bates spent 15 years documenting insects in the Amazon, determining, among other things, that some butterflies adopted the appearance of unrelated species for their own protection. He delivered his theory to the Linnean Society in London in 1861 and published a paper that established his name and legacy. He deserves to be better remembered.

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Shrubs or small trees, 0.15-6 m tall, evergreen, monoecious. Young branches tetragonous. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, leathery or thinly leathery, often shining, margin entire, venation pinnate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemose, spicate, or converted into capitate cluster, bracteate; female flower solitary, apical, male flowers several, basal. Flowers small, unisexual. Male flowers: tepals 4; stamens 4; central pistillode present. Female flowers: tepals 5 or 6; carpels 3; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, free; stigma often decurrent; interstylar nectaries or nectariferous tissue present; ovules 2 per locule, pendent, anatropous, bitegmic, crassinucellar; micropyle formed by inner integument, rudimentary aril. Fruit a dry capsule, globose or ovoid, usually glabrous, loculicidal, splitting into 3 valves; styles persistent. Seeds 2 per locule, oblong; testa black, shining; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons oblong. Monoecious shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous. In- florescences axillary, racemose, congested, bracteate, usually with a single terminal female flower and several to many lateral male flowers. Flowers apetalous; male flowers with 4 sepals, the stamens 4-6, opposite the sepals, the filaments exserted, the anthers dorsifixed near the base; female flowers with 4-6 sepals, the ovary 3-locular with 3 distinct styles and 2 ovules per locule. Fruit a capsule, 3-parted, apically 3-horned from the persistent styles; seeds oblong, black. Flowers in short compact spikes, often consisting of a terminal female flower subtended by bracts in the axils of which are 2–4 male flowers, or each inflorescence unisexual. Male flowers with 4 perianth segments, 2 outer and 2 inner ones, equal or unequal; stamens 4–6(10), usually opposite a perianth segment or more stamens at each perianth segment; anthers sessile, subsessile or on clearly distinguishable filaments, dorsifixed near the base, opening by longitudinal slits; rudimentary ovary truncate or 3-lobed at apex or absent. Small, usually much branched trees and shrubs; glabrous throughout. Leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous. Seeds usually 3-ridged or ovoid-oblong, with black, shiny testa. Fruit capsular, dehiscing loculicidally, valves each with 2 apical, horn-like projections, representing remains of the styles; endocarp hard, separating from exocarp at maturity. Buxus includes about 70 species, mostly in the West Indies (sect. Tricera, primarily in Cuba and Jamaica, 33 species) and Eurasia (sect. Buxus); 10 species occur in Africa, (sect. Buxella and Notobuxus). Four species occur in Mexico, adjacent Guatemala, and Belize.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

http://worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000005846

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875144637.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20200220035657-20200220065657-00178.warc.gz

en

In its efforts to create an AI ecosystem in the schools, CBSE had introduced AI as a skill subject for children studying in grade VIII and IX in March 2019. While 883 schools applied to start this subject in their schools, eight schools such as Delhi Public School, Bangalore East; ITL Public School, Dwarka; Royale Concorde International School, Bangalore, Salwan Public School, Gurgaon, among others, were selected on a fast track mode to study the impact well in advance. The 2-year curriculum for which CBSE has collaborated with Intel’s AI4Youth initiative, was covered in six months as part of the pilot in which 100 students learnt the ropes of machine learning. They created 15 projects based on computer vision, data and NLP to help solve day to day problems. As part of the initiative, around 450 teachers were also trained through workshops. “CBSE’s AI journey began quite inadvertently at a NITI Aayog meet when it was stated that India may have already missed the bus in AI. This gave us the impetus to start AI curriculum in schools. The children completing the curriculum have learnt coding and core competency skills such as problem solving, creative thinking and self-reflection. Their AI journey also gave them the courage to take risks,” said Anita Karwal, chairperson CBSE, while felicitating the children at the Board’s ‘Celebrating AI readiness’ event held in New Delhi recently. She further informed that CBSE will be launching an AI-integrated pedagogy manual which could help the teachers across streams become more AI-enabled. Talking about the showcase and the need to initiate AI learning along with regular curriculum transaction, Biswajit Saha, director, Skill Education and Training, CBSE said, “The projects-based approach gave the children the platform to solve real-world problems. Presently, the Board has plans to patent some of these projects.” With children post the programme wanting to become AI ethics lawyers or building their own tech startups, the focus has been to leverage the power of AI to help the youth move towards a digital India, said Shweta Khurana, director, corporate affairs, Intel India. Some of the AI projects by CBSE students: Happiness Guru: Created by students of Salwan Girls Senior Secondary School, the project’s AI model can predict the onset of depression among school children and notify the same to teachers and guardians. “We conducted a mental health survey on 700 students across five schools to track the mental health problems through questionnaires and quiz,” Sania Saini, class X student who put together the project along with teammates Teena Sahu and Harshita Rachhoya. Ride Rater: Class VIII students John Seegler and Aryan Mishra of Royale Concorde International School, Bangalore, developed a tracking system to keep a tab on school bus drivers’ to check the speeding habits, frequency of sudden halts, how they drive around potholes, etc. The system provides analysed data for school management enabling them to take corrective actions. “We have created a system to classify and rate the driving quality along with a feedback mechanism to address safety issues of school children,” says Aryan. Cyber Detective: This system developed by class IX students Rahul Jaikrishna and Kushaagra Ajmera of Delhi Public School, Bangalore East, can detect improper posts on social media and flag them instantly. “With over 36% Indian children subjected to online bullying every year, we decided to tackle the problem head-on,” say the duo. They used ML algorithms and wrote over 2000 lines of codes for the project.

<urn:uuid:b3649ac6-19f0-49d6-ace3-d0251e37a8c6>

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https://www.educationtimes.com/article/school-guide/71125670/CBSE-students-use-AI-to-predict-the-onset-of-depression-spot-cyber-bullying.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145910.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224071540-20200224101540-00259.warc.gz

en

Widespread incidences of failure have prompted code restrictions on the use of EIFS. The architect or engineer should check local building codes to ensure compliance before installation. In January 2008, the Monte Carlo Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada caught fire, prompting concerns about flame propagation and EIFS safety. A follow-up investigation found the cladding in the area of the fire had non-code-compliant lamina that was significantly thinner than required, as well as large decorative elements exceeding maximum allowable EPS thickness. Manufacturers test EIFS systems for fire resistance; however, substituting untested coatings, insulation, or substrates for approved EIFS materials have been shown to increase flammability. The system installed should be identical to the one that has been fire-tested and approved. Mounting energy concerns have driven the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and other relevant codes, such as American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-rise Residential Buildings, to ever more stringent requirements. Since 2006, the IECC has required both stud cavity insulation and continuous exterior insulation. Continuous insulation is integral to EIFS and retrofitting an existing building with EIFS can be a simple and inexpensive way to comply with increasingly rigorous energy codes. Compared with mechanical attachment, adhesive attachment of EIFS board insulation has been demonstrated to provide superior wind load resistance. To achieve full design performance, the supporting construction must be free from damage, defects, and contamination before insulation is adhered. Sheathing must be capable of independently resisting anticipated wind loads. The 2009 edition of the International Building Code (IBC) was the first to include a section on EIFS and the guidelines, which remain unchanged in the 2012 edition of the model code, and incorporate information on both traditional EIFS and EIFS with drainage. However, the section is brief and directs users to refer to manufacturers’ guidelines. Field verification and quality control With construction underway, the design professional should verify the proper materials have been ordered and delivered, and that materials have been shipped and stored at appropriate temperatures and conditions. Before EIFS application, the architect or engineer should check the substrate for correct surface preparation, cleanliness, and proper tolerances. To confirm construction complies with drawings, specifications, and manufacturer’s recommendations, the design professional may conduct periodic field evaluations of the EIFS installation progress. He or she should confirm the correct installation of critical related elements, including flashing, sealant, windows, and doors. EIFS are proprietary systems. Each manufacturer conducts its own research and development for compatibility and performance of their independent EIFS product. Therefore, it is important to specify an entire system from a single-source manufacturer to avoid compatibility issues. Part of the field verification process should include confirmation that the entire assembly functions as one integral system. Many manufactures and industry organizations provide online inspection manuals and verification checklists that can be used to guide independent quality control evaluations. Maintenance and repair To keep EIFS looking and performing their best, building owners should implement inspection and maintenance practices to address incipient problems promptly. EIFS finishes and sealants should be inspected for damage or wear at least twice a year. EIFS should be cleaned thoroughly every five years—locations prone to algae and fungal growth may require more frequent cleaning. Options for EIFS cleaning include commercial detergent, pressure washing, or a trisodium phosphate (TSP) solution. Washing with cold water is recommended, as hot water can cause acrylic finishes to soften. Difficult stains—such as those from wood, tar, asphalt, efflorescence, graffiti, or rust—may require sealing and re-coating.

<urn:uuid:e6eb6f73-71fc-4525-9ec9-25c3c55280a0>

CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.constructionspecifier.com/tips-for-success-with-exterior-insulation-and-finish-systems/4/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145621.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221233354-20200222023354-00338.warc.gz

en

Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll is considered a type of Dynamic Link Library (DLL) file. Dynamic Link Library files, like Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll, are essentially a "guide book" that stores information and instructions for executable (EXE) files - like Setup.exe - to follow. These files were created so that multiple programs (eg. Office) could share the same Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll file, saving valuable memory allocation, therefore making your computer run more efficiently. Unfortunately, what makes DLL files so convenient and efficient, also makes them extremely vulnerable to problems. If something happens to a shared DLL file, either it goes missing or gets corrupted in some way, it can generate a "runtime" error message. Runtime is pretty self-explanatory; it means that these errors are triggered when Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll is attempted to be loaded either when Office is starting up, or in some cases already running. Some of the most common Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll errors include: - Access Violation at address - Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll. - Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll could not be found. - Cannot find C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\assembly\GAC_MSIL\Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word\v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a\Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll. - Cannot register Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll. - Cannot start Office. A required component is missing: Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll. Please install Office again. - Failed to load Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll. - The application has failed to start because Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll was not found. - The file Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll is missing or corrupt. - This application failed to start because Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll was not found. Re-installing the application may fix this problem. Your Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll file could be missing due to accidental deletion, uninstalled as a shared file of another program (shared with Office), or deleted by a malware infection. Furthermore, Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll file corruption could be caused from a power outage when loading Office, system crash while loading Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll, bad sectors on your storage media (usually your primary hard drive), or quite commonly, a malware infection. Thus, it's critical to make sure your anti-virus is kept up-to-date and scanning regularly.

<urn:uuid:035de0e6-eb01-4cb0-a548-6890161e8b52>

CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.exefiles.com/en/dll/microsoft-office-tools-word-dll/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145534.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221172509-20200221202509-00459.warc.gz

en

The summer season is upon us and the usual hot weather and fire can make a nasty combination that can cause serious injury and potential loss of life and property. How often do we show concern for fire safety? Can you protect your home from wildfire damage? Who do you call to learn about defensible space or in the event of an emergency should my home be effected by wildfire? These are all questions you should be asking yourselves, your family and your community. The Edwards AFB family is large, which includes members living in the Corvias Housing Community and Los Angeles and Kern Counties. Regardless of the geographical area you reside, fire safety is important to know to protect your families and your community. A wildfire can begin many different ways, and depending on the vegetation of the land, fire characteristics will be different. When we define vegetation, we define it as bushes, trees, or grass, which may be dead or alive. This vegetation being exposed to high or extreme heat is volatile fuel for a fire and can be found as low as two feet in height and can reach in excess of 50 feet. Often you find homes located in close proximity to vegetation, which often creates a challenge regarding fire zoning, planning and evacuation. The term urban interface is used by fire departments to incorporate a complete look into the areas that will be affected by wildfire and how to manage strict prioritization of homes and other properties. This is done to ensure the safety of the people living throughout the community. People living in areas that are identified as high priority will be asked to play their part in fire prevention and need to become educated in Urban Interface Property Owner principles to assist with keeping the community safe. The theme for Los Angeles, Kern County and CAL FIRE is “Ready, Set, Go,” and as you follow below, you will understand how to protect your property and your community’s property by following these simple principles. Create and maintain a defensible space and harden your home against flying embers. Flying embers and ash can ignite vegetation that may be too close to your property. Look into using ember–resistant building materials. Proper building materials and defensible space may save your property. Clear vegetation 30-100 feet from your property. Prepare your family and home ahead of time for the possibility of having to evacuate. Build an emergency supply kit you can use should your family be evacuated. Create a wildfire action plan and discuss this plan with your family and neighbors. Don’t forget about your pets. Make sure to have the proper emergency phone numbers Be ready to go Take the evacuation steps necessary to give your family and home the best chance of surviving a wildfire. Be prepared to evacuate immediately if it is advised by local authorities. Follow evacuation safety routes advised by authorities. If you want to protect your family and community, you will visit the CAL FIRE, Kern and Los Angeles County web pages to understand how each fire emergency response organization actively involves the property owners in making their communities safer. Here at Edwards, our Corvias Family Community requires the same attention as the surrounding counties, and although vegetation in the Corvias community may be different, the use of facilities and the type of care towards keeping the community fire safe needs to be a joint effort. - Charcoal grills should be used a safe distance from your homes; 25 feet from facilities. - Charcoal should not be thrown in any open field area or trash containers - Smoke in designated smoking areas - Camping events will be coordinated through the Edwards Fire Department for all campfires - Only authorized commercial-made fire pits or chimneys will be used in housing areas - Properly dispose of all waste material - Ensure to report all fires by calling 911, or by cell phone — 661-277-4540/4541 Maintaining a fire safe environment for your family and property can be challenging, and being educated about the protection of family and property is the goal of the Edwards Fire Department. Contact the Edwards Fire Department Fire Prevention Section at 661-277-3124 for questions related to fire safety and protecting you and your family during these hot summer days. Read more about fire safety at the following links:

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https://www.aerotechnews.com/edwardsafb/2017/07/17/edwards-fire-dept-wants-you-to-ready-set-go/

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en

What is Oil Efficiency? In the average car, friction occurs between the moving parts of the engine and within the gearbox. This wastes about 15% of the fuel used by the vehicle, amounting to millions of tons of fossil fuel oil. This is especially so during engine startup or when driving at low speeds, because then the film of lubricant is very thin, and significant metal-metal contact does occur. Oil efficiency is achieved by minimizing this wastage of fuel caused by the production of heat and other useless forms of energy. Among many efforts to improve the efficiency of lubricant oil in the car engine, nanomaterials have been experimented with because of their small size, which lets them slide into tiny spaces and lubricate them against direct grating friction. This is the field of nanolubricants, which means lubricants that have had nanoparticles added to them to improve their performance. However, nanoadditive particles show a tendency to clump together, and this not only reduces their efficiency but causes jamming of surfaces because the particle agglomerates tend to be trapped between them. In such cases, the use of nanolubricants produces greater rather than less friction and wear on the machinery. Different approaches have been adopted to solve the problem of clumping, including the addition of surfactants to reduce the surface tension between the nanoadditives. These chemicals can, however, wear off with friction, and eventually decompose, causing recurrence of the same phenomenon. Novel Approach – Crumpled Graphene Balls One team of scientists used crumpled graphene instead. This refers to nanoparticles made of graphene, in the shape of crumpled paper balls. They observed the effects of such addition to the tribologic properties of the oil. What are crumpled graphene balls? Crumpled graphene balls are the result of evaporating water from miniscule droplets which contain sheets of graphene inside them. The drying out process causes capillary forces which causes the sheets to form crumpled balls. The effectiveness of these balls is due to their rolling action, which is similar to nanoscale ball bearings. Moreover, their unique shape lends them self-dispersive characteristics, since they cannot easily form close aggregations (“stable against graphitization”) due to the numerous vertices and angles formed by the crumples. This ensures the van der Waals attractions between them are weak. This obviates the need to add chemical functional groups to enhance dispersion, which is already high, unlike graphite platelets, reduced graphene oxide sheets and carbon black which all aggregate more readily. Even when compressive forces are exerted on these crumpled graphene balls, they easily disperse again once the containing liquid is stirred up. They are stable both as solids and when added to liquids, refusing to collapse or to unfold into flat graphene sheets even when they are pelletized or heated. This resistance to deformation or damage is because of strain-hardening, which means that compression causes it to form more folds than before. This makes them stiffer with compression, while retaining the crumpled shape. Do Crumpled Graphene Balls in Lubricants Have Other Benefits? Another advantage is the high free volume and the amount of surface area within the crumpled graphene balls that is accessible to solvent. This property is exploited to absorb oil into the crevices, so that it can be released for future use when the balls are compressed. This is meant to ensure that the lubricated surfaces in contact remain wetted all the time. The addition of crumpled graphene balls to lubricant oils causes a 15% fall in friction and the same degree of reduction in metal surface degradation. Even better, a low concentration of these crumpled graphene balls, at 0.01-0.1%, is sufficient to confer these benefits, since their effects are not proportional to their concentration. In future, the irregular surface of crumpled graphene balls and the resulting high surface area could lead to their use as carriers for other useful additives as well, such as materials that inhibit corrosion, adding still more value to the oil and improving its efficiency further. The use of crumpled graphene balls at 0.1 weight % as an additive to lubricant oil allows an 85% improvement in wear reduction, protecting the surfaces against the formation of wear tracks and reducing friction by about 20% because of their resistance to agglomeration. The concentration of crumpled graphene balls is also not sensitively related to their effect on the tribological properties of the base oil because of their high self-dispersion characteristics.

<urn:uuid:64fceb09-d7e8-4f8c-b83b-24ecc050acfd>

CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=5217

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en

Euschapis japonica – Flowers: Inconspicuous, creamy-white flowers in late spring. Foliage: alternate, simple, glossy, and pointed. Fruit: Showy pink to hot-red fruits (dehiscent follicles) open to expose 2 – 5 blue-black seed. Exposure: Performs best in full sun to part shade. Water: Medium. Water well when young; drought resistant once well established. Habit: Fifteen to 20 feet high with slightly less spread. Uses: Specimen, informal hedge, mixed borders, screen. Now here’s a small tree with great character. JC Raulston heavily promoted this tree in the 1980s. Key features include a strikingly striated bark, a pink to red fruit display that stands out against the glossy green foliage, one that lasts from the end of summer until the first heavy frosts in early winter in Zone 7 – 8. The tree makes a statement; The foliage is neat and tiered; the tree delivers a positive impact, particularly if trees are growing under full sun. While tolerant of part shade, the species achieves greates folige density and the best fruit show in full sun. Performance is improved in slightly acid soils and the species tolerates wet to dry conditions, clay to sand. A member of Staphylaceae, Euschapis japonica is the sole species in the genus. Native to China, Japan and Korea, the species performs admirably in Zones 7 to 9. The SFA Mast Arboretum’s first trees were three clones collected by the 1985 National Arboretum Korean expedition and one clone through Clifford Park of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his work in China. All have survived well and given us years of experience with seed and cutting propagation. Branches are glabrous; shoots are stout and pithy, with uniquely striated bark (white webbing on a purple background) . Propagation remains complex and seedling growth is slow in the first year. Seeds require a double dormancy; that is, a period cold-moist stratification, followed by warm, moist, and then followed by cold-moist, with three to four months at each stage. One grower said he normally carries flats of seed in a shade house for two winters and gets good results. In another story, one batch of seed accidentally left for over a year in the cooler germinated at a high percentage. At any rate, growers are encouraged to experiment; the tree is worth the effort. We have had some problem with damping off of seedlings and while some report that seedlings should not be removed or transplanted until they have overwintered in the flat, we have had success transplanting at the one inch stage right out of the seedling flats – if done carefully. Container plants respond to heavy fertilization. Asexual propagation is less understood. While we have rooted the species (50% of hardwood cuttings stuck 1/22/99 rooted within four months with an initial 2500 PPM K-IBA dip). Again, further experimentation is warranted. Second year growth in the container is vigorous with young plants reaching three to four feet easily.

<urn:uuid:07d20189-32aa-49bc-b457-dc7934d8b983>

CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://dcreechsite.com/2016/07/29/euscahpis-japonica-the-korean-sweetheart-tree/

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en

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Compliance The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), was the result of efforts by the federal government to ensure healthcare data practices permitted ease for patients to move jobs, insurance and healthcare providers. The goals and objectives of this legislation are to streamline industry inefficiencies, reduce paperwork, make it easier to detect and prosecute fraud and abuse while enabling workers of all professions to change jobs easily, even if they (or family members) had pre-existing medical conditions. HIPAA requires the ability to establish and maintain reasonable and appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the information. Healthcare organizations are required to individually assess their security and privacy requirements and take suitable measures to implement electronic data protection (both in transit and in storage). As proposed, a HIPAA-compliant information system will need to include a combination of administrative procedures, physical safeguards, and technical measures to protect patient information while it is stored and while it is transmitted across communications networks. File to Backup provides critical data security protection without compromising patient privacy and can help customers achieve HIPAA compliance. FileToBackup assists healthcare providers to be HIPAA compliant in these areas: Preventing Unauthorized Access Unauthorized access to individually identifiable health records is strictly forbidden, so care must be taken on how records are backed up, transported offsite and accessed to prevent unauthorized access. Customers’ data is encrypted and transmitted securely to a vault that resides at a world-class data center that is insured to provide data protection services. Access to the vaults and the data center is strictly controlled through administrative procedures, physical safeguards, and technical security measures to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of customer data. Logical access to the data is strictly controlled, with a secure user interface, which provides the ability to set password policies and assign users rights to manage the backup of specific servers. More importantly, access through the web does not permit a user to view the contents of data. Healthcare providers must retain health records (electronic, written and oral) for a minimum of six years in accordance with the HIPAA privacy final ruling. Data will remain in the File to Backup vaults for as long as the client chooses to retain it. File to Backup does not have access to the contents of the data files stored. Note: Many of the compliance items require usage of the optional 3rd party private encryption key/software that is known only to you and not stored on File to backup servers.

<urn:uuid:010d248e-0508-47f0-87d7-b7d17bf07044>

CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.filetobackup.com/hipaa-compliance/

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en

Dashain, Bada-Dashain, Vijaya Dashami, these words are the most common words at the moment. In every sentence people speak they use the word “Dashain”. “I am going home for Dashain, I am buying clothes for Dashain, and I need salary for Dashain.” We are accustomed with these lines. It is rare to find a single person here in Nepal who does not know about Dashain. Dashain is the greatest festival in Nepal which is celebrated in late September or in early October (according to Nepali calender it is celebrated in the month of Kartik), starting from the bright lunar fortnight and ending on the day of full moon. Dashain is the longest and the auspicious annual festival in Nepal for almost all Nepalese people. Dashain has its own significance for the celebration from the traditional point of view. Dashain symbolizes the victory of goodness over the evil. Goddess “Durga” is worshiped throughout the country as divine deity. Dashain is celebrated for 10 days; therefore, it is considered as the longest festival of Nepal. Day 1: Ghatasthapana It is the 1st day of Dashain. On this day, Kalash (a kind of traditional jug) is filled with holy water, cow dung and plant with barley seed. Goddess Shakti is believed to reside in the Kalash vessel during the Navaratri period. The place where this puja is performed is called Dashain ghar. People worship twice a day there and water in Kalash. By the tenth day of Dashain these seed grow long and these scared grasses are known as “Jamara”. Till the seventh day same ritual is repeated. Day 7: Fulpati The seventh day of Dashain is Fulpati where Jamara is brought form Gorkha District to be used by royal family from their ancestral house, all the requirement necessary for tika. After Monarchy system was ended in 2008 the Fulpati is taken in the home of the prime minister instead of the royal family. Day 8: Maha Asthami Maha Asthami is the eighth day of Dashain. This day has the great significance. In this day blood thirsty kali is placated after the sacrifice of hundreds of thousands of animals. Therefore, in this day blood is offered in the name of goddess kali in different temples. The night of this day is called kaal-ratri. Hanuman Dhoka in Kathmandu is the main place, where a total 54 buffaloes and 54 goats are sacrificed in the midnight and the blood and meat is cooked for the Prasad. This puja is performed at home too. Day 9: Maha Nawami Maha Nawami is the ninth day and the last day of Navaratri with great values. On this day, a massacre was operated in one of the Hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace called the Kot courtyard. On this day, people worship Vishwakarma (god of creativeness) is also worshiped. The Taleju temple is opened for the public only on this day of the year. Day 10: Bijaya Dashami Dashami which means ten, so, this is the tenth day of Dashain and the last. This day is the most important day where women prepare tika which is the mixture of rice and yogurt. Juniors receive tika and Jamara from the elders on their forehead along with blessings and dakshina(money). The red tika symbolizes the blood that unites the family together. This ritual is continued for five more days. In this way Dashain is celebrated all over Nepal. It is the time for reunion of family, to share happiness, to be loved and to share love, to enjoy every bit of life. So, enjoy the greatest festival of the year with joy and happiness. Happy Dashain to all of you!!

<urn:uuid:81eafbc4-58f5-489b-a76e-5bdef983078f>

CC-MAIN-2020-10

http://dwitnews.com/archive/article/dashain-greatest-festival

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Medical transcriptionists are responsible for listening to recordings left by physicians and other healthcare professionals and turning that information into written medical records. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, they: - Listen to the recorded dictation of a doctor or other healthcare worker - Interpret and transcribe the dictation into patient history, exam notes, operative reports, referral letters, discharge summaries, and other documents - Review and edit drafts prepared by speech recognition software, making sure that the transcription is correct, complete, and consistent in style - Translate medical abbreviations and jargon into the appropriate long form - Identify inconsistencies, errors, and missing information within a report that could compromise patient care - Follow up with the healthcare provider to ensure that reports are accurate - Submit health records for physicians to approve - Follow patient confidentiality guidelines and legal documentation requirements - Enter medical reports into electronic health records (EHR) systems - Perform quality improvement audits Medical transcriptionists work in hospitals, doctor’s offices, administrative offices and some may work from home. Medical transcription requires a quick turn-around time to ensure that medical records are being completed quickly and accurately. Getting the physician’s dictation into the electronic medical record quickly is crucial as it can affect patient care. Medical transcriptionists that work from home will have some flexibility in their hours worked. There will be weekend and evening hours available in most cases. Medical transcription takes a certain skill set to complete. The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists the following as important qualities: - Computer skills- must be comfortable working with computers and word-processing. They will most likely need to know how to operate the electronic health record system as well. - Critical Thinking- they must be able to spot any inaccuracies and inconsistencies in finished drafts of dictation notes. They must be able to critically think and do research to find the information they need to ensure that sources are accurate and reliable. - Listening skills- they are often listening to the dictation on a phone or other recording device and they must listen closely to ensure that their transcription is accurate. - Time management- they must be comfortable working under tight deadlines because dictation must be completed quickly. - Writing skills and typing skills- medical transcriptionists must have a good understanding of the English language and grammar. They must also have proficient typing skills as almost all medical records are now kept electronically. While full dictation is still needed, most medical facilities are using more voice recognition software. Medical transcriptionists are able to listen to the recording and correct any mistakes that are present from the voice recognition. This is allowing medical transcriptionists to complete more tasks more quickly as they are not transcribing a complete note. If you enjoy the medical field but aren’t sure you want to do direct patient care, this may be the career for you! Check out our medical transcription program today! Ed4Career offers multiple health care courses including the Medical Transcription Associate Program. This course bundle includes our Medical Terminology and Medical Transcription courses. Upon successful completion of our Medical Transcription course, students will be prepared for an entry-level position doing medical transcription and will be prepared to sit for the AHDI national certification exam to become a Registered Healthcare Documentation Specialist (RHDS).

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There are three states of matter: solids, liquids and gases. In many cases, the same element can exist in all three states. When matter changes from one state to another it is called a phase transition. Examples include: - Gas to solid phase transitions are known as "deposition." - Gas to liquid phase transitions are known as "condensation." - Liquid to gas phase transitions are known as "vaporization." - Liquid to solid phase transitions are known as "freezing." - Solid to liquid phase transitions are known as "melting." - Solid to gas phase transitions are known as "sublimation." In most cases, solids turn into gases only after an intermediate liquid state. There are many examples of matter going through each of these transitions. Examples of Gas to Solid (Deposition) Under certain circumstances, gas can transform directly into a solid. This process is called deposition. - Water vapor to ice - Water vapor transforms directly into ice without becoming a liquid, a process that often occurs on windows during the winter months. - Physical vapor to film - Thin layers of material known as "film" are deposited onto a surface using a vaporized form of the film. Examples of Gas to Liquid (Condensation) - Water vapor to dew - Water vapor turns from a gas into a liquid, such as dew on the morning grass. - Water vapor to liquid water - Water vapor fogs up glasses when moving into a warm room after being in the cold - Water vapor to liquid water - Water vapor forms water droplets on the glass of a cold beverage. Examples of Liquid to Gas (Vaporization) - Water to steam - Water is vaporized when it is boiled on the stove to cook some pasta, and much of it forms into a thick steam. - Water evaporates - Water evaporates from a puddle or a pool during a hot summer's day. Examples of Liquid to Solid Phase Transition (Freezing) - Water to ice - Water becomes cold enough that it turns into ice. In fact, every known liquid (except for helium) is known to freeze in low enough temperatures. - Liquid to crystals - Most liquids freeze by a process that is known as "crystallization," whereby the liquid forms into what is known in the scientific world as a "crystalline solid." Examples of Solid to Liquid (Melting) - Solid to liquid - Melting occurs when something that is solid turns back into a liquid; it is the opposite of freezing. - Ice to water - Ice melts back into water when it is left out at temperatures above the freezing point of 32 degrees. - Rocks to lava - Rocks in volcanoes can be heated until they are molten lava. - Metal to molten liquid - Metals such as steel and bronze can be molten down. They can also be reformed as solids. Examples of Solid to Gas (Sublimation) - Dry Ice - Solid carbon dioxide is known as "dry ice" and sublimates at room temperature. - Freeze-drying - Water can be sublimated in a food product by using a vacuum. Now you have some examples of gas to solid and can better understand how transitions occur between different states of matter.

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Being repetitive can be energy consuming; as if the incoming fresh energy is mired in a stagnant, but the forceful vortex of chaos over a single idea. Yet repetition is ubiquitous! There is a propensity to memorise everything we come across- our thoughts, actions and the prevailing solutions that we absorb from the pressures of surrounding society. Learning too is instilled with repetitiveness; the memorisation is also a commitment towards the most suitable knowledge that has been established during that age. It is perceived, if we repeat, we are less likely to falter and move away from the course of that narrative. The consequences of this mainstream behavioural pattern do not allow one to move away or extricate from an erroneous situation when the knowledge/information does not have any relevance in an evolving situation at a later moment in life. Yes, practice is necessary and even rigorously followed in many skills that require precision and there is very little scope for error. Practising and honing the abilities should not become a repetitive and mundane activity. There is still, I think, a scope to improvise every day; to make practice a more vibrant effort. It depends on the mentor and the mentee. Here, it is important to note, that healthy communication must take place between the two to bridge the gap between practice and repetitiveness. Inadvertently, we blur the line between practice and repetition! When it involves thoughts and the freedom of the mind to come up with progressive ideas, the act of repetitive thinking within the failed premises can be detrimental for the present, as well as the future. The mundane mind is almost gripped by repetitive thoughts. We rarely analyse the side-effects of repeating and the predicament we are getting into. It could well be the case that a new opportunity or situation may seem to be a repetition as we analyse repetitive perceptions. Concrete ideologies that have imprinted their doctrines emphatically! The possibilities of making similar mistakes increases as one fails to deconstruct the fresh challenges with new solutions. As a child, learning is a complex process, but that’s because understanding the child’s psychology comes with interesting challenges. They absorb so much from life; in fact, they acquire a lot more information compared to an adult because they observe keenly (their surroundings, behaviour, languages, discussed topics, and actions/reactions). Repetitions do not ensure reinforcement! To strengthen a mind, it has to think, ‘adopt and adapt’ to the frequent changes and challenges. Precision comes from assessing and reacting with the quick reflexes of the mind. The mind is an eternal possibility and not a mere organ! Being associated with a repetitively occurring path can surprisingly trigger a delusional comparison about the sameness and unending course of redundant theories carefully archived by the repetitive labels put on them. One has to learn, unlearn, and acquire new knowledge!

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A blog about law, the humanities, and popular culture June 12, 2019 Jewel and Campbell, Death in the Shadows @ljewel Lucy A. Jewel , University of Tennessee College of Law, and Mary Campbell are publishing Death in the Shadowsin Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal (2019). Here is the abstract. This paper is about the law and visual culture. Its centerpiece is Parson Weems’ Fable (1939), a painting by the American artist Grant Wood (1891-1942) that depicts the apocryphal story of George Washington and the cherry tree. At first glance, Wood’s image appears to celebrate an enduring myth of American virtue, namely Washington’s precocious inability to tell a lie. Studying the picture more closely, however, one finds a pair of black figures, presumably two of the Washingtons’ slaves. Stationed beneath dark storm clouds and harvesting cherries from a second tree, these slaves invoke yet another national myth, that of the domestic serenity that supposedly reigned on Virginia’s colonial plantations. In the process, they quietly invoke the country’s grievous history of racial oppression, coercion, and brutality. This isn’t the only place where Woods’ painting speaks of racial violence. To the contrary, Parson Weems’ Fable also raises the specter of lynching. Examining the shadows directly beneath the Washingtons and their fabled tree, one discovers a hanging black body. Intentional or not, this dangling corpse conjures the spectacular acts of theatrical violence that mobs of Euro-Americans inflicted on African Americans during the late nineteenth century and well into the twentieth. By the 1930s, heated protests emerged against lynching—in popular songs, magazines, and art exhibitions, as well as more traditional political arenas. Unlike the painters most closely associated with him, Wood didn’t participate directly in such moments of artistic protest. Nonetheless, he would have been exposed to them as he painted Parson Weems’ Fable in the winter of 1939. Regardless of Wood’s intentions, the work he created persistently connects the country’s origin myths to the murderous violence the U.S. has repeatedly inflicted on persons of color. Moreover, as the painting itself seems to realize, the law and culture forged by colonial Virginia planters like George Washington eventually morphed into a collective white psychopathy that found vicious expression in the practice of spectacle lynching. This colonial legal regime was deeply visual—a fact that accounts for not only its power, but also for the fundamental influence it continues to exert on current American conceptions of race. A deep reading of Parson Weems’ Fable in the context of both its time (1939) and its setting (1736) reveals the extent to which the law is visual and the visual is legal. Indeed, the painting gives us a valuable lens for perceiving the pervasive connections that run between the two. Our thesis is that the profoundly visuo-legal nature of the country’s racial foundations helps explain the lack of progress the nation has made in dismantling the color line. As a result, the impulse to join the seemingly unrelated disciplines of legal study and art history isn’t an academic gimmick, but rather a necessity. For centuries, images have worked in tandem with statutes, judicial decisions, and various forms of legal (and illegal) punishment to indelibly imprint a logic of racial violence in our collective mindset. In order to fully excavate this logic, we need scholars who can analyze pictures as well as the law. In terms of structure, we begin by introducing the painting and our analytical framework and method. After that, we explain the theoretical foundations for studying law and culture in this context. Finally, we connect colonial Virginia’s legal and cultural landscape to the traumatic racial violence that continues to haunt our national mythology.

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Chapter Three: Space – The Final Frontier Early on, people called Gulf rigs ‘lily-pads’. The traditional meter stations barely fit on the structures. The flow meter process offshore was either very unsophisticated or simply carried out elsewhere. David Potter’s work in the 1940s for the new US Navy jet aircraft fuel systems promoted ‘turbine flow meters’ in the oil business. The new turbine meter design ‘inferred’ the average volume flow rate of oil, based on the kinetic energy absorbed by the blades of a rotating turbine. This allowed the turbine meter to be very small for its capacity – ideal for an aircraft – but also ideal for offshore oilrigs. Unlike the positive displacement meter, any ‘spin’ of the oil in the pipe affected the turning rotor. This includes anything significantly out-of-symmetry in the flow-velocity profile approaching the blades. This meant that upstream and downstream flow conditioning was necessary to ‘standardize’ the turbine meter results. This added around 15D (15 pipe diameters) of length to the installation, and also a little more pressure loss. But this was no more than that of most positive displacement meters. A hydrodynamic bearing minimized bearing friction. This is a fancy name for the same bearing you have on the piston crank of your car engine. When running at speed, the rotor actually ‘floats’ on a wedge or layer of oil molecules that has minimal drag and minimal wear. This is a very elegant design that works with most liquids that are not too ‘thin’. In other words, those with a reasonable density and viscosity. In general, the filtration required had to prevent larger particles from lodging in the gap between the rotor and the casing and was typically rated 10 mesh (2000 micron). Although prolonged dry running (gas) would cause damage, unlike the positive displacement meter, occasional gas inclusion would not. It just affects accuracy. One big advantage is that the spinning rotor has inertia and momentum. This means that in most cases, it ‘averages-out’ sudden but transient flow changes, giving it very good metering repeatability. On the other hand, although it can handle wide flow ranges without damage, the linearity of turbines is only good in a limited range. Typically, 3:1 ‘premium’ and 10:1 standard – still pretty good. Chapter Four: Prove it! In light of all the above activity, turbine flow meters became the most prevalent type offshore. This lasted until the end of the 1990s. But the turbine meter (like the positive displacement) still requires regular proving. Traditionally that has meant a large volume pipe prover that gathered at least 10,000 pulses during a prove. Bi-directional pipe provers developed to reduce the size. The pulses from a ‘forward’ run combined with those from a ‘reverse’ run to make 10,000 for a prove. This had the additional benefit of reducing detector errors, possibly caused by single direction operation (hysteresis, tolerances etc.). Dimensions of bi-di were much less than uni-di, but the weight was probably similar! In the 1980s, small volume piston provers arrived. Pulse interpolation techniques (eventually incorporated into API standards) developed to reduce detector uncertainties to within acceptable limits. Standard pipe provers then developed to incorporate those same techniques. As a result, the turbine meter produced less than 10,000 actual pulses. This reduced the size of the pipe provers (sometimes known as small volume provers). Why not just use small volume piston provers offshore and gain benefits on both size and weight? A good question, easily answered. First, the oil industry is very (…very) conservative and traditional. Pipe provers were familiar to all metering engineers. Many considered the piston provers ‘new-fangled’ things, with electronics and ‘electro-hydraulics’ and even pneumatic components. Secondly, the early units were precision instruments with a highly polished measuring ’barrel’ and a piston with critical PTFE seals that did not tolerate dirt. Finally, vibration, shock, and surges – wherever they came from – easily upset their short piston movement. It made them ideal devices onshore, but less so for offshore purposes. And so my friends, things went on like this for a couple of decades. Turbine meters slowly took dominance over positive displacement meter, with bi-di provers permanently installed on the platforms. Got hooked? To find out more, join me next week for the third entry of our four-part discovery on Flow Metering Systems. Interested in this author’s work? Follow him on LinkedIn!

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Before birds could fly on two wings, they had to ditch their training wings. This idea, first put forward a decade ago, is gaining credence with the discovery of 11 early bird fossils that seem to suggest that birds – which evolved from feathered dinosaurs – once had four wings. In 2003, a group of Chinese researchers excavated six fossils of flying dinosaurs with wings on their hind legs. They called the creatures Microraptor. “When we published that ten years ago there was some suspicion whether the fossil was faked,” says Xing Xu from Linyi University in Shandong province. Since then, more four-winged dinosaurs have been found, but doubt remained about whether they were ancestors of modern birds, or whether they simply died out rather than evolved, says Xu. Now Xu and colleagues have described another find supporting their claim. In a collection at the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature, they came across nearly 2000 complete early bird fossils excavated 10 to 15 years ago. These included a series of bird skeletons that have large feathers on their hind legs, which Xu thinks were likely to have been for flight rather than display. All 11 specimens lived in the Early Cretaceous, about 120 million years ago, and seem to fall into several primitive bird groups. The find means the branch on the tree of life that contains modern birds is now surrounded by animals that look as if they had four wings, leaving little room for four-winged dinosaurs to be an evolutionary dead end, says Steve Salisbury of the University of Queensland in Australia, who wasn’t involved in the work. Getting off the ground Traditionally, there have been two schools of thought about what drove the evolution of modern bird flight. The “ground-up” school believe it occurred when small animals tried to jump higher off the ground. The “tree-down” school believe flight evolved in animals jumping from trees. But the array of early bird and feathered dinosaur fossils hints at a more complicated story: it seems it was a mix of the two. The very beginnings of flight probably evolved in ground-dwelling dinosaurs, says Xu, because they show early signs of flight-feathers. After that, it looks as if flight further developed in tree-dwellers because dinosaurs that appear to have more advanced flight systems, like Microraptor, have features, such as sharply curved claws, suggesting they lived in trees. But the story doesn’t end there. The new fossils suggest that modern bird flight – with just two wings – developed when birds shifted again, back to living on the ground. Birds are unique in having two completely separate locomotion systems, says Xu. They use their rear limbs for walking and their front limbs – or wings – for flying. But it was only when birds started running on the ground that these systems became specialised. “If an animal has big feathers on its legs and feet, it’s definitely something that’s not good for fast running,” says Xu. He says that one of their specimens seems to suggest this. It lived on the ground, and seems to be in a transitional stage, with smaller hind feathers and the appearance of hind scales, like those of modern birds. Kevin Padian at the University of California, Berkeley, thinks the find is important, but is not convinced the hind feathers in these animals were actually wings. “Unfortunately no one has performed any kind of adequate functional or aerodynamic test.” Salisbury is more enthusiastic. He says the asymmetrical, airfoil shape of the feathers is good evidence they evolved for flight. “If it’s just display or warmth, having them with an aerodynamic shape is hard to explain.” However, he isn’t certain that Xu has the whole evolutionary story right. It’s hard to tell from the animals’ features where they dwelled. “A goat can get in a tree,” he jokes. Xu says his team is now going to analyse more specimens in the collection as well as build models to test the aerodynamics of the wings. Journal reference: Science, doi: 10.1126/science.1228753 More on these topics:

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Blog: Shakespeare’s Hamlet - The Ghost Scene (A) By Evan Papamichael Manuscript Master Evan Source: Hamlet – New Swan Shakespeare Advanced Series General Editor: Bernard Lott M.A. Ph.D. Twelfth Impression 1979 Longman Group Limited London Kyodo-Shing Loong Printing Industries Pty Ltd, Singapore Scene V: Enter Ghost and Hamlet pp.38-39 Prince Hamlet is confronted by, his father’s ghost. It explains how King Hamlet was murdered by his brother – Claudius. Our Protagonist is communicating with the supernatural. It is an eerie, mystical and horrifying environment, in the Ghost scene. We find a brutal death, which was crafty, sinister and calculated – the way it was instigated. Lott (38: 1979) states: …“The crime was committed by Claudius pouring deadly poison into the ear [of King Hamlet; who was Hamlet’s father] and falsely claimed that the deceased was bitten by a snake.”… Claudius then married his late brother’s wife, Gertrude (who was Hamlet’s mother). This was to Prince Hamlet’s disgust. While finding out the facts – Hamlet will avenge his father’s murder. No fault is placed on Gertrude. Act 1 Scene V line 9 Ghost: …”Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, And for the day confined to fast in fires”… “fast” means to suffer torment. Fire burns and refines - what is filthy. …”Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature”… - meaning a, generation of existence. By “doomed” we see a feeling of destruction and “night” suggests the black atmosphere where we cannot see the unknown dangers confronting us and “to fast in fires” personifies one burning in hell to pay for their sins; or an eternal form of suffering which all God fearing souls dread to face. …“foul crimes done in days of nature”… shows the original sin committed by Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden; which eventuated in the Fall of Man. …”Would harrow up thy soul”… According to Lott (1979:40): this is …“a very moving image; where a harrow is a heavy frame with iron teeth which is used for breaking up humps on earth on ploughed land; “up” suggests doing the action thoroughly so that harrow up is to wound with innumerable terrible events.”… Depicting that, one’s own Holy Spirit is being corrupted. Deep piercing teeth made of solid metal; which annihilates to pieces; and, a throbbing “wound” which results in a deterioration of the circumstances. …“Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their spheres”… Lott (1979: 40) highlights that: …“Sphere is associated with the simile of the stars. The ancients explained the movements of the heavenly bodies in the sky by assuming that each was fixed inside an invisible hallow sphere, and that these spheres all had the earth as their center.”… Harrow is - very deep, thorough, damaging, forceful, strong, penetrating and dangerous. For it causes destruction to the earth; by something as solid as “iron teeth”. This depicts a ferocious prehistoric beast; being present next to Hamlet; which results in, devastation, death, danger and disaster. A reference is made to the galaxy. The stars are juxtaposed with the Ancient Greeks who were interested in Astrology. “Heavenly Bodies” refers to the Pagan Idol Gods such as Zeus, Athena and (the Water God) Poseidon. They “each” had their own place on earth; which was central to this galaxy of imaginary, mythical, supreme beings.

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Elizabeth Iorns is the daughter of successful computer industry entrepreneurs, but as a New Zealand schoolgirl she swerved from the path taken by her mom and dad. Building on an early fascination with biology, she rocketed through her college years winning awards and scholarships, took a PhD at a prestigious cancer research center in London, and launched a traditional academic career in life sciences. But her entrepreneurial genes soon kicked in. As a new scientist at the University of Miami, she saw an unmet need in the practice of medical research. Iorns envisioned a way to fill the need while brainstorming with her husband, a computer industry executive. And in the swift way things sometimes happen in the tech world, Iorns became the co-founder and CEO of a Web startup that raised more than $1.6 million from early-stage investors in 2011. Her Palo Alto company, Science Exchange, is now trying to make things happen more quickly for biomedical scientists who are toiling to reveal the mechanisms of disease and produce better treatments. The online marketplace helps those researchers outsource some of their experiments to other institutions that have the pricey equipment or expertise their own universities lack. Investigators can shop on the Science Exchange for DNA sequencing facilities, mass spectrometry labs, electron microscopes, and about a thousand other resources at 400 academic centers and other institutions in the United States. Iorns expects her growing startup to accelerate progress in disease discovery. “It’s going to make research much, much more efficient,’’ she says. The idea emerged from Iorn’s culture shock when she finished her PhD in London and started her US post-doctoral studies in 2008. She was accustomed to the speed and efficiency that were built-in features at the Institute of Cancer Research in London, where scientists collaborated within a highly integrated unit that included specialists in many fields, from medicinal chemistry to human pathology. Various elements of a research project could be turned over to experts who knew the techniques best, she says. In London, Iorns saw important lab discoveries quickly progress to late-stage clinical trials, a pace she now recognizes as unusual. Her lab mentor was Alan Ashworth, co-discoverer of two mutant genes that raise the risk of cancer, and a pioneer in the use of compounds called PARP inhibitors as cancer treatments. In the United States, Iorns discovered roadblocks to the collaboration she had found so productive in Ashworth’s lab. “There’s actually a real emphasis on doing it yourself,’’ Iorns says. Scientists who do recruit outside collaborators to carry out some of their work often end up fighting over credit for their findings, Iorns says. Leaders of US labs often maintain that it’s cheaper to perform new techniques in-house, Iorns says. But that route involves the cost of new equipment, and the time spent to master its use, she says. Major US universities have solved some of those problems by setting up “core facilities’’ with expensive equipment and specialists whose primary role is to help their colleagues with scientific projects. Often, the specialized centers also perform experiments for scientists from other research institutions, for a fee. But Iorns says she saw no easy way for researchers to find all the services they needed. It was the kind of marketplace problem routinely tackled by Web entrepreneurs for professionals in many different fields, Iorns learned from her husband Dan Knox, then an executive at the Miami-based company DailyMe, a personalized news website. Iorns and Knox teamed up with … Next Page »

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General flapping flight Measurements on revolving propeller-like wings, simulating the flapping downstroke of hovering, suggest that animals can produce surprisingly high lift (for the size and speed of their wings). This appears to be because ‘stall’ is delayed due to some 3-dimensional air motions – animal wings do not act like conventional aeroplane wings or helicopter blades. But this high lift comes at a high cost in terms of power, presumably why engineers have not been particularly interested in the phenomenon. Direct measurements of the pressure differences between upper and lower surfaces of flapping bird wings show that, at least in slow flight, birds do indeed fly inefficiently – a helicopter of similar size and weight would require much less power. But exactly where this balance might fall, and whether it applies at higher flight speeds, presents an exciting area of research. See below for recent measurements on faster flight. Bird muscles generate an impressive amount of power during flight. This can be very useful for scientists trying to work out how muscles work, and how we might use our muscles better. It is also useful for display. Many birds use display flights to show off to females or competitors. Some, like the collared dove, use flights with rapid ascent. This ‘shows off’ the power of the bird, with interesting contrasts to many other displays: – it is inherently ‘uncheatable’ – it requires relatively little investment. Unlike birds flying in neat V-formations, pigeons flap at a higher rate – and so presumably with higher metabolic cost – when flying in a flock. Usherwood, J.R., Stavrou, M., Lowe, J.C., Roskilly, K. and Wilson, A.M. (2011). Flying in a flock comes at a cost in pigeons. Nature 474, 494-497. doi:10.1038/nature10164. For more on this, see the movie: And a nice piece with a different animation here: Flapping in a circle The flocking study involved measuring body motions, body positions and wingbeat frequency of free-flying pigeons using back-mounted GPS, accelerometers and gyroscopes developed at the Structure and Motion lab. Free-flight obviously confounds many variables including speed, turning and position in the flock. But with over 243,000 wingbeats measured, these effects can be taken into account and act as mini self-experiments. Every factor that requires more aerodynamic power – acceleration, climbing and turning – is associated with an increase in flap frequency. This is exactly as would be expected. But what is surprising, and perhaps highly revealing, is that in the case of turning, the amplitude of the body (how much it goes up and down – related to how much the wings go up and down) falls. When circling, pigeons bank just like aircraft, and experience and increase in effective body weight associated with centripetal accelerations. So turning pigeons are effectively heavier, and heavier fliers require more power to stay up. And one way to increase muscle power is to increase frequency (which happens), but another way is to increase amplitude (which happens for other aerodynamic power requirements). So why do pigeons decrease the flap amplitude? It appears to make no sense in terms of muscle power modulation. Our best answer so far is that there is a compromise between flying with high aerodynamic efficiency, which requires the wings to be outstretched and level most of the time, and flying without putting too much energy into accelerating the massive flapping wings. During circling flight – flight with increased weight – aerodynamic efficiency becomes relatively important, so the wings remain more level more of the time; during straight flight, the kinetic energy given to the wings is reduced by reducing frequency (but increasing amplitude). If this is indeed the case, then it appears that birds, even during cruising flight, should not be thought of as aerodynamically optimised.

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NOAA’s Trash Talk series of six videos explains marine debris concepts and solutions! A brief, 90-second video by Chris Chow documents portions of a beach clean-up in Hong Kong. The participants appear to be collecting and documenting samples of plastic beads on a Hong Kong coastline. The video, while not in English and with no available subtitles or closed captioning, provides a first-hand look at what a beach clean-up effort may look like, and may help people planning or participating in a beach clean-up for the first time. The format of the video and simple presentation of events makes this video suitable for learners of all ages. Message in the Waves: Plastics in the Ocean is a short documentary produced by Abe’s Logic detailing the issue of marine debris and its effects on wildlife and coastal environments, and can be viewed here. The documentary dedicates a large portion of itself to the plight of the wildlife of the Hawaiian islands, with special focus on the albatross, due to large levels of plastic debris being ingested by said animals. The length of the documentary, sitting at roughly 52 minutes, may not be ideal for all classroom situations and time restrictions. However, the video goes into great depth and detail on the issues presented, and is highly recommended viewing for those interested in the issue of marine debris. Popular Facebook news source Now This, recently posted a brief video detailing efforts by manufacturer Bakeys to introduce edible eating utensils as a viable alternative to disposable plastic utensils. Made of rice, wheat and sorghum powders, these utensils are vegan, Kosher, organic, gluten-, GMO- and preservative-free, and are fair-trade, making them edible for almost anyone. The video also details the efficiency of producing these utensils over plastic-based utensils. At just over a minute long, the video is ideal for a brief introduction to the effects of disposable plastic utensils on the environment and their contribution to the issue of marine debris, and can be used in a variety of educational settings. This news report from the BBC details the autopsy of a porpoise found dead in the Northeast Atlantic, along the UK coastline. What they found was that the animal, like nearly every other case found along the coast, had high concentrations of long-banned PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenals. These toxic chemicals were largely banned in countries around the world in the 1980s, but landfills and other waste disposal sites still contain PCB-laden products, which are now leaching their PCBs into the surrounding environment. This video, sitting at 5 minutes, is a great way to convey the effects of marine debris on the environment, and is suitable for a very wide audience. It should be noted, however, that portions of the autopsy may be considered graphic by some, so viewer discretion is advised. This animated short, produced by the PEW Charitable Trusts, gives a brief, two-minute overview on the subject of Marine Debris as a part of its Ocean Terms video series. By following the above link, you can view this animation, along with any of the other Ocean Terms animations you may find interesting. At only a few minutes long each, and with available closed captioning options, these short videos are ideal for students ranging from middle and high school to college and university looking for a short introduction to the subject of marine debris, as well as the greater oceanic world. The short mockumentary The Majestic Plastic Bag featuring Jeremy Irons on narration, tells the life cycle of the common plastic bag. This video (Limpiando el Agua con la Pelicana Chana) commissioned by the Department of Natural and Environmental Resources in Puerto created by Rico Paco Lopez Mújica is an short animation of the character of the Pelicana Chana exploring fun ways to keep the environment clean. Check out this amazing animation (Filminutos Ecologicos de Animacion Boricua) from the 1990s created to raise awareness about the importance of a clean and healthy environment. From the studios Animation Boricua in Isla Verde, Carolina – Puerto Rico.

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AFRICAN ANIMAL POEMS KS1 Early Learning Resources African Animals Poem A fun and engaging poem about African animals that has been beautifully illustrated by a member of our team. Ideal to use as part of a jungle theme in your school or African animals poem KS1 | Animal poems, Kids poems FREE printable Nursery Rhyme Lyrics Sheets for EYFS and KS1 Primary teachers. June Tray July- Jungle-Circus-Zoo Animal prints African animal tracks, Media title poems for kids on animals elephant a rice filled sock to go along with the song early childhood education preschool jungle kids songs preschool. Animal poems | Teaching Resources A collection of animal poetry. Various types (concrete, haiku, free verse, couplets, etc.) and various authors. I used this to connect literacy to a unit on classification of animals in Science. Some of the poems are factual while others are just silly..4.6/5(150)Brand: TES Poetry Safari - Animal Inspired Poetry Writing Resources There's 3 short poetry activities, a planning sheet plus a suggested animal book reading list and animal masks to make. From pets and wild animals to mythical beasts and made-up creatures, Poetry Safari is great fun for all involved! Dates on the resources are for the competition, however the resources themselves are timeless.4/4(1)Brand: TES Africa - Primary Resources - KS2, KS1, Early Years (EYFS Our range of Key Stage 1 resources on Africa, its people and its wildlife. Including Africa PowerPoints, African animal activities, maps of Africa, safari games, jungle role plays, fact cards on African countries like Kenya and information activities on the lives of children in Africa. African Animal Poetry KS1 Year 2 Poetry Lessons by PlanBee This African Animals Poetry KS1 series of lessons gets your Year 2 class discussing, performing and writing poems all about African animalse downloadable lessons come complete with detailed lesson plan, slideshow presentation and printable teaching resources. African animals poem KS1 | Animal poems, African poems Animal Coloring/Info Pages - Aa - Af. Print out animal pages/information sheets to color. African Animals from Enchanted Learning * print out of an animal book the kids can color (and asante can practice writing on the lined part) See more African Animals List With Pictures, Facts, Information African Animals List. For individual species (i.e. aardvark), we’ve included the animal’s scientific name and its IUCN conservation status (if assessed). For groups of species (i.e. antelopes) we’ve included the number of species in the group and the group’s name. Aardvark. Scientific Name: Orycteropus afer Conservation Status: Least Concern The aardvark is a nocturnal mammal whose EYFS | KS1 | KS2 | Poetry - exploring form | Teachit Primary Poetry - exploring form - Story settings, non-chronological reports, diaries, poetry. list goes on! Peruse our writing composition resources for Foundation, Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2. Animal Poems - Kenn Nesbitt's Poetry4kids topic: Animal Poems. Poems about animals and pets, both real and imaginary. My Cat Knows Karate. My Flat Cat. My Virtual Puppy. My Dog Does My Homework. Our Dog’s Name is Roomba. My Puppy Punched Me In the Eye. Pet Shopping. I Took My Doggy for a Walk. Gabby’s Baby Beagle. I Got a New Laptop for Christmas.

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What Is Dementia? Also called major neurocognitive disorder, it's not a disease itself. Instead, it's a group of symptoms caused by other conditions. The symptoms of dementia may improve with treatment. But many of the diseases that cause dementia aren't curable. What Causes Dementia? The most common causes of dementia include: - Degenerative neurological diseases. These include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and some types of multiple sclerosis. These diseases get worse over time. - Vascular disorders. These are disorders that affect the blood circulation in your brain. - Traumatic brain injuries caused by car accidents, falls, concussions, etc. - Infections of the central nervous system. These include meningitis, HIV, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. - Long-time alcohol or drug use - Certain types of hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain Types of Dementia Dementia can be split into two groups based on which part of the brain is affected. - Cortical dementias happen because of problems in the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain. They play a critical role in memory and language. People with these types of dementia usually have severe memory loss and can't remember words or understand language. Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are two forms of cortical dementia. - Subcortical dementias happen because of problems in the parts of the brain beneath the cortex. People with subcortical dementias tend to show changes in their speed of thinking and ability to start activities. Usually, people with subcortical dementia don't have forgetfulness and language problems. Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and HIV can cause these types of dementia. Some types of dementia affect both parts of the brain. Are There Treatments for Dementia? To treat dementia, doctors will treat whatever is causing it. About 20% of the causes of dementia are reversible. Causes of dementia that may be reversible include: - Alcohol or drug abuse - Subdural hematomas, blood clots beneath the outer covering of the brain - Normal-pressure hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain - Metabolic disorders such as a vitamin B12 deficiency - Low levels of thyroid hormones, called hypothyroidism - Low blood sugar, called hypoglycemia - HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) These forms of dementia are partially manageable, but they aren't reversible and get worse over time: What Are the Stages of Dementia? Usually, dementia goes through these stages. But it may vary depending on the area of the brain that is affected. 1) No impairment: Someone at this stage will show no symptoms, but tests may reveal a problem. 2) Very mild decline: You may notice slight changes in behavior, but your loved one will still be independent. 3) Mild decline: You'll notice more changes in his thinking and reasoning. He may have trouble making plans, and he may repeat himself a lot. He may also have a hard time remembering recent events. 4) Moderate decline: He'll have more problems with making plans and remembering recent events. He may have a hard time with traveling and handling money. 5) Moderately severe decline: He may not remember his phone number or his grandchildren's names.He may be confused about the time of day or day of the week. At this point, he will need assistance with some basic day-to-day functions, such as picking out clothes to wear. 6) Severe decline: He'll begin to forget the name of his spouse. He'll need help going to the restroom and eating. You may also see changes in his personality and emotions. 7) Very severe decline: He can no longer speak this thoughts. He can't walk and will spend most of his time in bed. How Common Is Dementia? About 5% to 8% of adults over age 65 have some form of dementia. This percentage doubles every 5 years after 65. As many as half of people in their 80s have some dementia.

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Genes play a role in Alzheimer’s disease for some Like many people, you may worry about developing Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, a decline in mental ability over time that can interfere with quality of life. A combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors play a role in a person’s risk to develop Alzheimer’s disease. There is a strong genetic link for Alzheimer’s disease, for example, in people who have features of the conditions earlier in life (before age 65), as well as later in life. But it’s not as simple as inheriting a gene linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Here’s what we know: - The majority of Alzheimer’s disease cases are of the later onset form, and its causes are not yet fully understood. Though genetic testing is not available to identify a specific genetic mutation that causes late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, a specific version of the APOE gene appears to increase a person’s risk of developing the condition. - There are several versions of the gene apolipoprotein E (APOE) that can increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease. The most common version, called APOE e4, is seen in about 40 percent of all people with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. About one in every four people has that genetic mutation, but not everyone who has this genetic mutation will develop the condition, and not all who develop the disease has this one specific version of the APOE gene. - Only about two percent of all people who develop Alzheimer’s disease have a genetic mutation that actually caused the condition. Because of that, genetic testing for Alzheimer’s disease may be helpful for some people and not others. If you are concerned about a family history of Alzheimer’s disease, seeing a genetic counselor would be highly beneficial, especially before moving forward with testing. A genetic counselor can help assess your risks and determine whether genetic testing may be helpful and if so, can help you decide if it’s something you would like to have. Currently, Alzheimer’s disease treatments are of limited value and no new therapies have been approved in more than a decade. Learn more about the reasons people choose to have genetic testing There are other things to consider before testing for Alzheimer’s disease. While the Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) protects you and your genetic information regarding employment and medical insurance eligibility, results from a genetic test for Alzheimer’s disease could affect your insurance coverage. There are a number of things you can do to decrease your risk for Alzheimer’s disease, whether or not it runs in your family: - Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels in check – talk to your doctor - Maintain a healthy weight - Stop smoking - Be active – physically and mentally - Drink only in moderation - If you are overweight, lose weight - If you have diabetes, be sure you manage it - Get help if you have depression - Practice precaution against head injuries Read more insights into genetic testing for Alzheimer’s disease. Find a Genetic Counselor

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Byiers, B., Seravesi, S. 2013. The enriching business of nutrition. Market-based partnerships and regional approaches to nutrition: What role for CAADP? (ECDPM Discussion Paper 149). Maastricht: ECDPM. Africa and Asia lose a widely cited 11% of GDP every year due to malnutrition, a figure expected to remain the same for Africa until 2050 unless action is taken. It is with this in mind that international development policy-makers are increasingly underlining the importance of food and nutrition security. Food security and nutrition are the focus of renewed interest with the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP). The lack of progress on nutrition is partly due to its broad, multi-sectoral nature. Tackling under-nutrition relates to food production and trade, social care, health care, water and sanitation, and education. Addressing under-nutrition is about the availability of, and access to nutritious food. But it is also about awareness of the importance of nutritional choices, storage and cooking choices, and general health and hygiene – all within the scope of personal food preferences. Ensuring food or nutrition security is therefore about production, consumption, personal behavior, and supporting frameworks. The Base of Pyramid (BoP) approach is based on the four principles of Awareness, Availability, Access and Affordability, bringing clear parallels with the framework for addressing under-nutrition. This framework is used to examine aspects that can be addressed through market-based multi-stakeholder partnerships. This non-exhaustive overview is based on desk-research and interviews with stakeholders from a broad cross-section of actors as well as African and international initiatives. To highlight the issues, we provide two short case studies from Royal DSM, a multi-national science company active in health, nutrition and materials; and BASF The Chemicals Company. While CAADP offers a clear overarching policy framework for addressing food security and undernutrition, concrete nutrition interventions should be envisaged to move beyond food quantity to food quality, while lessons from existing business-CSO partnerships need to be fed into CAADP compacts and investment plans at the national and regional levels. In the private sector, business environment constraints remain an overriding constraint to any kind of investment, whether carried out as part of a multi-stakeholder partnership, targeted at the Base of Pyramid, for nutrition or otherwise. BoP models need scale by definition, something that a pilot project does not provide. Among some people in development partner organisations there is still an apparent lack of trust in engaging the private sector food industry and supporting business, but also relating to developed country concerns around food content and quality. Partnerships may provide a channel to ensure accountability. Business approaches are generally not multi-sectoral or holistic, which faces several implementation challenges that is why there are potential opportunities in a regional approach.

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- Part of: - Communities and third sector DFM comments on findings. Concern about climate change is at a record high, according to findings of the Scottish Household Survey 2017. The annual survey found that 61% of people believe that climate change is an immediate and urgent problem – an increase of 6 percentage points in a single year – and just 7% think climate change will only affect other countries. The biggest growth in concern is among young people aged 16-24, increasing by more than half between 2013 and 2017. Figures also paint a positive picture for Scotland’s communities. Findings include: - 95% of adults rate their neighbourhood as a good place to live and 78% say they have a strong sense of belonging - 87% of parents of school age children are satisfied with the quality of service in schools and 83% of users are satisfied with local health services - The proportion of households in the private rented sector has plateaued at 15% after a decade of growth and 92% are satisfied with their housing - More than half (56%) of people feel they are managing well financially but single parent and single adult households were more likely to report concerns - The total number of households in Scotland has increased by 13 per cent from 2.19 million households in 1999 to 2.46 million households in 2017 Responding to the results Deputy First Minister John Swinney said: “Climate change is one of the biggest issues of our time and it is clearly at the forefront of people’s minds. Tackling this global threat is one of the Scottish Government’s top priorities and our new Climate Change Bill means net-zero emissions of carbon dioxide by 2050 – in other words Scotland will be carbon neutral. “The Scottish Household Survey is a unique opportunity for people to share their views and experiences and help government to understand the issues affecting communities. “This year’s results show that many people are managing well financially and the majority are happy with their neighbourhoods and local services but we can see that inequalities remain. We are working to reduce poverty and social exclusion through a range of actions across government including investing £125 million this year alone to mitigate the very worst effects of UK Government welfare cuts and protect those on low incomes. These findings will help us continue to make decisions to shape a fair and inclusive Scotland for everyone." Scottish Household Survey 2017 Annual report (260 pages) Data Comic (4 pages) The Scottish Household Survey is largest social survey of people across Scotland, giving them an opportunity to provide information to government on their experiences, views, attitudes and behaviours. The survey has run since the outset of devolution in 1999. It provides robust data on a wide range of different topics, including housing, neighbourhoods, sport and physical activity, internet use/digital engagement, views on local services, culture, the environment, and volunteering, at both national and local authority level.

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Photo courtesy of Northern Arizona UniversityAs scientists measure the speed and effects of carbon release from thawing Arctic permafrost, one group is studying the metabolism of old carbon that has been stored in soils but is now being released by a warming climate. Estimates put the amount of carbon stored in soils of the permafrost region to be almost twice the amount present in the atmosphere. Billions of tons of organic carbon from plants and animals have been stored in these frozen soils for hundreds to thousands of years. Warmer temperatures are thawing permafrost and microbes are accelerating decomposition of soil organic matter, releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide and methane greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The release of these gases, especially old carbon, is the focus of research published this week in Nature Climate Change. Ted Schuur, a Northern Arizona University professor and the Permafrost Action Team principal investigator, is the senior author on the paper. The lead author is Caitlin Hicks Pries, a former graduate student in Schuur’s lab where the work was conducted, who is doing her post-doctoral work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Carbon is continuously exchanged throughout earth’s living systems and the age of carbon can be determined by measuring radiocarbon in carbon dioxide. Radiocarbon, known as carbon-14, has two additional neutrons, and through radioactive decay, the atom is eventually changed back into nitrogen. The decay process acts as a clock and so measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in a sample tells how long that sample has been stored in an ecosystem. “As we warm up tundra experimentally, we can measure this increase of old carbon released in carbon dioxide that is emitted back to the atmosphere,” Schuur said. “We’re using this experimental approach to show how warming conditions can shift these ecosystems out of their historic balance and mimic something we think will be happening to tundra everywhere as temperatures increase as the result of climate change.” The paper’s findings are based on research collected from an Alaska test site where a tundra ecosystem was artificially heated to simulate a potentially warmer future climate. Scientists studying carbon release suggest the likelihood of an accelerating feedback loop, where the release of additional carbon from thawing permafrost could cause climate change to occur faster and accelerate additional thawing of frozen soil. Ongoing research in the Schuur Lab is focused on the big carbon release questions related to permafrost thaw: how much, how fast and in what form will the carbon come out? These factors determine how much faster climate change will occur with additional carbon releases from a warming Arctic, Schuur said.

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"Until now, if you were to hang an advertising poster in the pedestrian zone, and wanted to know how many people actually looked at it, you would not have had a chance", explains Andreas Bulling, who leads the independent research group "Perceptual User Interfaces" at the Excellence Cluster at Saarland University and the Max Planck Institute for Informatics. Previously, one would try to capture this important information by measuring gaze direction. This required special eye tracking equipment which needed minutes-long calibration; what was more, everyone had to wear such a tracker. Real-world studies, such as in a pedestrian zone, or even just with multiple people, were in the best case very complicated and in the worst case, impossible. Even when the camera was placed at the target object, for example the poster, and machine learning was used i.e. the computer was trained using a sufficient quantity of sample data only glances at the camera itself could be recognized. Too often, the difference between the training data and the data in the target environment was too great. A universal eye contact detector, usable for both small and large target objects, in stationary and mobile situations, for one user or a whole group, or under changing lighting conditions, was hitherto nearly impossible. Together with his PhD student Xucong Zhang, and his former PostDoc Yusuke Sugano, now a Professor at Osaka University, Bulling has developed a method that is based on a new generation of algorithms for estimating gaze direction. These use a special type of neural network, known as "Deep Learning", that is currently creating a sensation in many areas of industry and business. Bulling and his colleagues have already been working on this approach for two years and have advanced it step by step . In the method they are now presenting, first a so-called clustering of the estimated gaze directions is carried out. With the same strategy, one can, for example, also distinguish apples and pears according to various characteristics, without having to explicitly specify how the two differ. In a second step, the most likely clusters are identified, and the gaze direction estimates they contain are used for the training of a target-object-specific eye contact detector. A decisive advantage of this procedure is that it can be carried out with no involvement from the user, and the method can also improve further, the longer the camera remains next to the target object and records data. "In this way, our method turns normal cameras into eye contact detectors, without the size or position of the target object having to be known or specified in advance," explains Bulling. The researchers have tested their method in two scenarios: in a workspace, the camera was mounted on the target object, and in an everyday situation, a user wore an on-body camera, so that it took on a first-person perspective. The result: Since the method works out the necessary knowledge for itself, it is robust, even when the number of people involved, the lighting conditions, the camera position, and the types and sizes of target objects vary. However, Bulling notes that "we can in principle identify eye contact clusters on multiple target objects with only one camera, but the assignment of these clusters to the various objects is not yet possible. Our method currently assumes that the nearest cluster belongs to the target object, and ignores the other clusters. This limitation is what we will tackle next." He is nonetheless convinced that "the method we present is a great step forward. It paves the way not only for new user interfaces that automatically recognize eye contact and react to it, but also for measurements of eye contact in everyday situations, such as outdoor advertising, that were previously impossible." Xucong Zhang, Yusuke Sugano and Andreas Bulling. Everyday Eye Contact Detection Using Unsupervised Gaze Target Discovery. Proc. ACM UIST 2017. Xucong Zhang, Yusuke Sugano, Mario Fritz and Andreas Bulling. Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation in the Wild. Proc. IEEE CVPR 2015, 4511-4520. Xucong Zhang, Yusuke Sugano, Mario Fritz and Andreas Bulling. It's Written All Over Your Face: Full-Face Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation. Proc. IEEE CVPRW 2017. Questions can be directed to: Dr. Andreas Bulling Perceptual User Interfaces Group Cluster of Excellence "Multimodal Computing and Interaction" Saarland Informatics Campus Competence Center Computer Science Saarland Saarland Informatics Campus Notice for Radio Journalists: You can conduct telephone interviews in studio quality with scientists of Saarland University over the Radio Codec (IP connection with direct dialing or via ARD Sternpunkt 106813020001). Please send interview requests to the press office (0681/302-3610).

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Set your first piece of homework in Firefly.Assigning homework is straight forward in Firefly. In just a few clicks, you can create a task and send it to your students. Dive into setting tasks by starting with a simple reading assignment. This tutorial will get you comfortable with the tools of creating tasks so you can get started with assigning homework in no time. - In the user bar, select Set a New Task. Enter the name of the person or class that you'd like to set the task to, or choose from your lists of classes and students. In this example, we'll set a task to the Year 8 English class. If you need to share the assignment with another teacher, add a co-owner. We'll leave this field blank. Select Task Title, then enter a title. To add a due date, select the calendar icon then choose a date. You can also select who can see this task. In the Assessment section, decide whether students are required to submit a file. As this is a recitation assignment, no submissions are required. - Choose how you want to assess the task. This assignment requires a grade for the recitation. OPTIONAL Add a description. You can format your text and add links if you want to. In this example, we'll add more details about the recitation. OPTIONAL Add an attachment. You can upload a file from your computer, Google Drive or One Drive, as well as attach an existing page. In this example, we don't really have anything more to add so we'll keep going. - To publish your task, select Set Task. Your task is set. If you'd like to create another, select Set Another Task. Your task appears in your list of tasks and recipients will be notified that a new task has been set for them. You can create all sorts of tasks, from a simple reading assignment as we created above to more complex work. Read about marking work, so you're ready when a student submits an assignment for grading. Try it out! Practice assigning homeworking using the Firefly Training Class. With the class, you can set and mark homework without worrying about bothering real students. To get more comfortable with setting tasks, try out the following suggestions: - Make a simple task that is appropriate for the subjects you teach. - Give it a short, descriptive title. - Fill out all of the required fields, including the due date, assessment section and markbook visibility. - Experiment with the description field. - Try pasting in YouTube videos, dragging in photos from your desktop and using the options under the Formatting menu. - Explore the different embedding options, such as adding questions, creating a poll or adding a Google Doc. - Add an attachment that is relevant for your class, such as a maths worksheet. - Create 2-3 assignments of varying complexity to practice marking and grading in the next section.

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Water activity measurement plays an integral role at the Tree Seed Centre in British Columbia. The Tree Seed Working Group has four objectives related to promoting tree seed science and technology through: • Seed research from bud initiation to seed use • Identification of seed problems relating to seed improvement and forest management • Exchange of information on seed related problems • Consulting on implementation practices Water activity continues to be an area of interest to the Tree Seed Working Group, especially with their genetic conservation collection. Rotronic has become the standard for water activity measurement for many seed storage facilities throughout the world. Although water activity is a relatively new technology to the Tree Seed Centre, it already plays an important role. Water activity measurement devices from Rotronic offer quick, non destructive tools for evaluating the free moisture in a sample of seeds. The meter outputs a value between 0 and 1, which is equivalent to equilibrium relative humidity (eRH). Aw or eRH differs from a moisture content test in that it only measures the free water rather than the total water content in a sample of seed. Free water is often far more relevant to germination, spoilage and shelf life of seeds. The amount of free water in a seed will depend on its relative composition of lipids, starches, and proteins. Storing seed in the freezer with a water activity measurement that is either too high or too low will decrease the longevity of the seed. The ideal level ultimately depends on the species; however, most people now accept the concept of a universal value. At the Tree Seed Centre, they keep within a range of 0.35 ± 0.05”. The role of water activity measurement Currently, water activity is used primarily for testing seed collected for genetic conservation and research. The seeds are often rare and valuable; thus a non destructive method of assessment is imperative. Collections intended for the seedbank arrive at the Tree Seed Centre grouped by population (noted by location), with each population containing,on average, a sample of 10 parent trees. Populations are stored in the cooler at 2°C to await an initial water activity assessment. If the water activity is too high, the seeds are dried back and retested prior to placement in the freezer at-18 °C to maximise seed longevity. In the UK we have worked closely with Kew Gardens at the Millennium Seed Bank where a bank of Rotronic devices with direct PC connection are used to screen and test all seeds that are stored in their highly secure underground bunker. For information on any of our products please contact us on 01293 571000 or email firstname.lastname@example.org or visit our website by clicking Here

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Skin rashes have many causes, and permanent rash relief means getting rid of the underlying cause. Relieving the symptoms of itching, redness, scales and patches, all associated with the generalized term "rash," can be accomplished in many ways. A rash can be the result of bacterial of fungal infection, poison ivy, allergy to medications, food, eczema or ringworm. Ant bites, bee stings, shingles and chickenpox can also cause rashes. How to relieve a rash might depend on whether it's in one spot, or generalized. Local and systemic treatments can help relieve the discomfort. For a rash that persists, get a doctor's exam and a diagnosis. Try non-prescription creams and ointments. Because most rashes resolve on their own and aren't usually serious, over-the-counter creams that include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), cortisone and topical treatments with camphor can help with itching. If the rash is widespread, oral medication is needed. If your rash is painful, check with your doctor about using a cream with Lidocaine that can numb the skin and provide pain relief. If the rash is from a fungus or bacteria, you'll need an antibiotic ointment or antifungal ointment. If the rash is mild, non-prescription medication might do the trick. Take oral medication for a rash that occurs all over the body. Medications can cause allergy that manifests as hives or itching bumps on the face, neck arms, legs and trunk. ome reactions can be severe. For mild itching and rashes without other symptoms, try antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, loratidine (Claritin), Zyrtec and chlortrimeton. Apply tea tree oil to relieve your rash. The oil comes from the leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia plant. The oil has antimicrobial, antiseptic and anti-fungal properties that may help. Do not use it on the mucous membranes, and do not take tea tree oil by mouth. Nor should it be used on children. Apply colloidal oatmeal to a rash. Lotions made from colloidal oatmeal can relieve a rash. A study published in October 2007 in Clinical and Experimental Dermatology showed that colloidal oatmeal has anti-inflammatory effects. The remedy has been used for years to alleviate itching. Lotions in the drug store contain colloidal oatmeal. You can also buy oatmeal bath products. Or, to make a homemade oatmeal bath, recipezaar.com says to put 2 cups oatmeal in a food processor on the highest setting until the oatmeal feels like powder. Pour it into a medium mixing bowl. Then combine with 2 cups cornstarch and hand mix well. Try cimetadine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac). Both medications, commonly used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer, can also be used for rash relief and are sold over the counter. H2 blockers relieve rashes because they block the release of histamines (H2), produced in the body in response to allergy. Severe allergic reactions can cause a condition known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. It can follow a generalized rash, and is a very serious condition that causes the outer layer (epidermis) of the skin to die and then slough. It can also occur in response to infection. The condition starts with a purple, blistered rash and is a medical emergency that requires hospital treatment. Facial swelling, tongue swelling and difficulty in breathing associated with any rash should be treated at the hospital. Other serious rashes that should not be self-treated include Pemphigus vulgaris, toxic epidermal necrolysis and toxic shock syndrome, making it important to speak with your health care provider about the best way to relieve a rash.

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The world of tools and construction may seem simple to those who know very little about it. However, there is a reason why most people who work in this line of work do so for a long time. This is mostly due to the fact that it takes a true expert to be able to efficiently and successfully handle this type of job. All of the information that surrounds undersized screws, small screws, miniature screws, and micro screws can be confusing to those who do not understand it. However, a true construction professional will have all of the contexts that they need properly utilize a customized micro screw. Here are all of the facts that surround using a customized micro screw. Hi-lo screws have a reduced minor diameter and therefore displace less plastic material and minimize stress. These screws have a double lead high and low thread with the high thread having a 30-degree thread form that further minimizes material displacement while providing positive thread engagement. This is one of the many types of tiny screws that can be used on a construction site. SEMS screws combine two separate parts into one pre-assembled, low-cost fastener. With washers under the head, SEMS screws are fast, permanent, and easily adaptable to many applications. SEMS is an abbreviation for assemblies and this is again a random fact that only experts understand. There are 2 main types of thread lockers currently available: inert thread lockers and reactive thread lockers. Also known as prevailing torque, inert thread locking creates a secure fastening lock, which is resistant to vibration and shock related slippage. Using a customized micro screw can be tricky, difficult, and will take plenty of focus. That is why only construction professionals are hired to work with this type of item. One of the reasons why there needs to be great caution when working with a customized micro screw involves torque. For instance, the torque that is required to help start a relative rotation between a locking fastener and it’s mating thread with no axial load on the screw is called breakaway torque. This will change with the potential reuse of a customized micro screw and is used to help lock the screw into place. The measure of the axial load that is imparted on a fastener is called, pre-load. This is usually the result of the applied setting torque and is often measured in pounds per square inch, which is known as PSI, to help create tension on the fastener. Usually, this is worked around to 80% or 85% yield strength. In the United States, there are more than 200 billion fasteners that are used each this year. By the year of 2017, the revenue of manufacturing items like the screw, nut, and bolt managed to reach $30 billion. This is pretty impressive and points to the popularity of an item like a customized micro screw. There are almost 132,000 people that are employed specifically by the screw, nut, and bolt industry in the United States. This is another reason why the construction industry is really important beyond the surface level foundational aspect. It is absolutely essential that these people are able to make a solid wage in their line of work! The concept of the screw dates back to around 200 B.C. Early screws had to be handmade, so no two were ever alike. In 1928, the National Screw Thread Commission established a standard for screw threads for interchangeability. So items like the customized micro screw have been around for a long time and have also developed as well along the way! The evolution of the screw head and screw manufacturer is more important than most think. Every single year there are plenty of construction sites across the United States that begin work on making an important building. This can sometimes involve making a commercial or business venue or potentially crafting a residential building. No matter the purpose, there is no question that this industry is imperative to the overall success of the United States. If they fail to do their jobs properly and do not utilize the customized micro screw how they are supposed to, it can be a recipe for disaster for everyone involved!

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An estimated 91,270 American adults are diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer every year. It is the fifth most common type of cancer among adult males and the sixth most common type of cancer in adult females in the United States, as well. For many patients, the first sign of melanoma is an atypical mole, but there are other symptoms you might not be aware of. If you or a loved one were recently diagnosed with melanoma, here are some answers to a few commonly asked questions you might have. What Exactly Is Melanoma? The color of a person’s skin is determined by pigment-manufacturing cells called melanocytes, which are located in the basal skin layer. When DNA cells inside the melanocytes mutate, and allowed to multiply unchecked, a tumor called a melanoma can form. Melanomas can form either in an existing mole or in the basal layer of the skin where there is no mole present. In this case, the melanoma will take on the appearance of a mole. What Are the Symptoms of Melanoma? The most common symptom of melanoma is the formation of a new mole or patch of dark pigmentation or noticeable changes to an existing mole. The simplest way to determine if a mole or discoloration is melanoma is to use the ABCDE test. Each letter represents a characteristic of a mole that is associated with melanoma. For example, the letter A stands for Asymmetry. A cancerous mole will often have an irregular, asymmetric shape. The letter C stands for Color because a cancerous mole will change in color, not be a uniform color, or blue, pink, white, or purple. Here are a few of the other common symptoms of melanoma: - A mole that changes texture or begins to bleed - A sore that heals irregularly - Itching or an irregular pigmentation around a mole The symptoms of melanoma can vary from patient to patient. The best way to determine if a mole is cancerous is to contact your doctor. What Are the Risk Factors Associated with Melanoma? Anyone can develop melanoma. However, there are certain risk factors associated with the illness. For example, melanoma is more prevalent in individuals with lighter skin, blue or green eyes, and naturally lighter hair. People with compromised immunes system and family histories of melanoma are more susceptible. Men are twice as likely to develop melanoma as women are, as well. Two of the biggest risk factors associated with melanoma are childhood sunburns and excessive exposure to ultraviolet, or UV, rays. These rays come from the sun and tanning beds. People who live in higher elevations or closer to the equator are more susceptible to melanoma because they are exposed to excessive ultraviolet rays. How Is Melanoma Diagnosed and Treated? If you have a mole that suddenly appeared, is becoming irregular in shape, or simply doesn’t look right, visit your doctor right away. Your doctor will begin by taking a through medical history and performing a physical exam. Your physician will ask if you have a history of cancer or if any close relative has been diagnosed with cancer. Your doctor will take a small sample of the affected mole, called a biopsy. There are two common biopsies the doctor will perform: a punch biopsy or excisional biopsy. If a small piece of the mole is removed, it is referred to as a punch biopsy. During an excisional biopsy, the entire mole and some skin surrounding the mole are removed. When melanoma is caught early, it is often very treatable. The treatment typically involves removing the affected mole and, if necessary, any cancerous skin surrounding the mole. For individuals with more advanced melanoma, the doctor might recommend chemotherapy, radiation, or other targeted therapies. How Can My Loved Ones and I Avoid Melanoma? Prevention is the best way to avoid developing melanoma. The most effective method is to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun. If you must be in the sun, cover as much of the skin as possible, wear a hat, and use sunscreen. Apply sunscreen to any exposed skin at least 30 minutes before spending time in the sun. This will allow the product to absorb into the skin. Reapply sunscreen at least every two hours. If you are active and sweating, you may need to reapply sunscreen more often. Tanning beds zap your skin with targeted ultraviolet rays and should be completely avoided. In addition to aging your skin prematurely, using tanning beds several times a week or month can greatly increase your risk of developing melanoma. Melanoma is a common type of skin cancer that is highly treatable if caught early. If you have any additional questions, don’t hesitate to contact the professionals at Stellis Health.

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India loses contact with its lander as it attempted to land on the moon By NIHA MASIH | The Washington Post | Published: September 7, 2019 NEW DELHI — India's first attempt to land on the moon went awry early Saturday when the country's space agency lost contact with the lander as it neared the lunar site, minutes before touchdown was expected. Hours later, there was still no official word on whether signals disappeared because of a problem on the lander or because it crashed onto the surface of the moon, but Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in an address to the nation Saturday morning, indicated that the mission had failed."We came very close but we need to cover more ground," Modi said. "Our determination to touch the moon has become even stronger." Launched in July, Chandrayaan-2 had successfully completed Earth and moon orbits and was set to execute a controlled landing on the lunar south pole, a previously unexplored region. The incident could now set back India's growing space ambitions, seen as a reflection of the aspirations of its young population. In the tense moments leading to the descent, a live broadcast from the space agency's control room showed rows of scientists with headphones sitting in front of computers. About 10 minutes after the lander began its descent, the commentary went quiet as officials talked among themselves with concern. K. Sivan, head of the space agency, announced that communication with the lander had been lost. After leaving the control center, Modi tweeted, "These are moments to be courageous, and courageous we will be!" Of the 38 soft-landing attempts made on the moon, only about half have succeeded. In April, Israel attempted to land a spacecraft on the lunar surface, only to fail in the final moments. India had hoped its Chandrayaan-2 mission would make it the fourth nation to land on the moon after the United States, Russia and China. Pallava Bagla, science editor of news channel NDTV, said that the mission would not be considered a failure. Pointing to Chandrayaan-2's orbiter, which has a mission life of a year, he said, "Fifty percent of the mission is already successful and functional." The orbiter carries eight scientific experiments for mapping the lunar surface and studying the outer atmosphere of the moon. Experts had warned that landing Vikram, named after the country's first space agency chief, would be challenging. "Proper soft landing is the most crucial part of the exercise," said Patrick Das Gupta , a professor in the physics and astrophysics department at Delhi University. "From an altitude of 21 miles to zero height is the most scary time." Sivan had called the landing maneuver "15 minutes of terror" in a television news interview. The mission has been a source of immense national pride. Social media erupted in support of the space agency and its scientists. "Be courageous," Modi told the scientists in the control room, in a moment that was broadcast across Indian public television and live-streamed online. "This is not a small achievement. The country is proud of you." The success of the moon mission news could have helped take some heat off the Modi government, which is grappling with an increasingly gloomy economic scenario marred by poor GDP figures and high unemployment rates. India's first moon mission, Chandrayaan-1, launched in 2008, was instrumental in the discovery of water molecules on the lunar surface. The current mission would have looked for the presence of water. India's mission comes as other nations and companies are eyeing the lunar surface. This year, China landed a spacecraft on the far side of the moon, a first, and has plans to land another craft in the coming months. NASA is desperately trying to return to the moon - and had hoped to do so this year. Last year, the space agency chose nine companies to be eligible to bid on contracts to fly science experts to the lunar surface. At the time, NASA officials said they were pressing the companies to have a real sense of urgency. "It's important we get back to the moon as fast as possible," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine told reporters this year. "We're going to take shots on goal." Meanwhile, the Trump White House has directed the U.S. space agency to return astronauts to the moon by 2024, an aggressive timeline many think will be difficult to achieve. One of the successes of India's space program has been its cost-effectiveness. Chandrayaan-2 cost $141 million, a fraction of what the United States spent on its historic Apollo moon mission. India also has begun preparations to send a manned mission to space by 2022. The Washington Post's Christian Davenport in Washington contributed to this report.

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A: Most physicians test vision as part of a child’s medical examination. They may refer your child to see an ophthalmologist (a medical eye doctor) if there is any sign of an eye condition. The American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend the first vision screening to occur in the hospital as part of a newborn baby’s discharge examination. Visual function (including ocular alignment, etc.) also should be checked by the pediatrician or family physician during routine well-child exams (typically at two, four and six months of age). Amblyopia and alignment screenings should be performed at three years of age, then yearly after school age. A: Adult eye examinations should be performed on a regular basis. Young adults ages 20-39 should have their eyes examined every few years. Adults 40 and older should have their eyes examined every year. High risk adults, which include people with diabetes, glaucoma – or a strong family history of glaucoma – and people with other systemic diseases may need more frequent visits. A: The medical term for nearsightedness is myopia, correctable with glasses, contact lenses or in some cases, refractive surgery (LASIK). The medical term for farsightedness is hyperopia, correctable with glasses, contact lenses or in some cases ,refractive surgery. Related conditions (also correctable with glasses or contact lenses) include astigmatism and presbyopia. A: You are legally blind when the best corrected central acuity is less than 20/200 (perfect visual acuity is 20/20) in your better eye, or your side vision is narrowed to 20 degrees or less in your better eye. Even if you are legally blind, you may still have some use of vision. If you are legally blind, you may qualify for certain government benefits. A: An ophthalmologist (MD) has a medical degree and is licensed to practice medicine and perform eye surgery. An ophthalmologist has had at least 12 years of education and training beyond high school, and is qualified to diagnose and treat all eye diseases, perform surgery and prescribe and fit glasses and contact lenses. An optometrist (OD) has a degree in optometry and is licensed to practice optometry. An optometrist has had at least 8 years of education and training beyond high school, and is qualified to determine the need for glasses and contact lenses, prescribe optical correction and screen for some eye conditions. An optician usually has a combination of college (or two years of opticianry school) and on-the-job training. An optician is trained to fit and dispense eyeglasses or contact lenses based upon a prescription from a licensed ophthalmologist or optometrist. A: First, decide which of the seven basic face shapes you have and select the frame that best suits your shape. Then, find out which colors suit your skin, eye and hair colors.Our Certified Opticians can assist you select the best frame, lens and lens options for your specific needs. A: These are photochromic lenses. When they’re exposed to ultraviolet light, they become darker or change to a different color. Most brands remain lighter when you’re driving, because windshields block most UV light. A: You should get a new pair if your prescription has changed; and your doctor will let you know. Therefore, it’s important to know how often to visit the eye doctor. It depends on many factors. However, your doctor can tell you what schedule is right for you. If your prescription doesn’t change very often, or at all, just get new glasses when you’re tired of your old ones or they go out of style. A: It is very important to have a back-up pair of glasses in the event you have an eye health issue and cannot wear your contacts. It’s also recommended to give your eyes a break from contacts in the evenings and weekends. If you travel, it’s also nice to have a back-up option in case you need it. A: No. At worst, you might have trouble finding it under your upper eyelid if you rub your eye and dislodge the lens from its proper position. If necessary, your eye care practitioner can help you locate and remove the lens.

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Academically, Arabs and Persians have left a great mark. Whether in the field of science, mathematics, or humanities, scholars from the Arab World have created and published books that have come to define their fields for future scholars and students. We list 4 Middle Eastern scholars that have remained of utter significance in their fields, and which have been held as benchmarks of innovation, discovery and understanding. 1) Abu Abdallah ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi — A Persian astronomer, geographer and mathmetician during the Abbasid Caliphate and scholar in Baghdad, Al Khwarizmi’s work was translated in the 12th century into Latin. His work marks the first time that Indian numerals were introduced into the Western World as the decimal positional number system. He then wrote The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, which served as the first presentation of linear and quadratic equations in Arabic, and he was considered the father of Algebra. The word “algebra” itself is derived from the Arabic al-jabr, from one of two operations he used to solve equations. 2) Ibn Sina — A Persian polymath and jurist, Ibn Sina is the author of The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine. The Canon of Medicine was a medical encyclopedia that was used as a standard medical text until as late as 1650. In the mid 1970s, the book was re-printed and reviewed in New York. 3) Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi — An Arab physician and surgeon, Al-Zahrawi lived in Al-Andalus. Often considered as the most well-known surgeon in the Islamic World, he has also been given the title of “Father of surgery”. He wrote Kitab al-Tasrif (The Method of Medicine), a thirty-volume encyclopedia which lists various medical procedures and practices. Many of his discoveries are still used today. He was also the first doctor to describe the complications of a tubal pregnancy, and was the first to correctly identify the genetic disorder hemophilia. 4) Muhammad ibn Zakariya Razi — The Persian physician, chemist, philosopher and polymath is an extremely important contributor to the field of medicine. Having wrote hundreds of manuscripts, Razi was often experimenting in the field. He is considered now to the be the father of pediatrics and one of the first to spearhead knowledge of ophthalmology. He also wrote a book about smallpox and measles, which provided missing information and insight into the clinical characterizations of these diseases. French medical universities still revere Razi, and students are taught about his myriad contributions to the field. Do you know other Arab books or scholars have had impact on the rest of the world? Tell us in the comments below! Learn more about these scholars and other Arab/Persian scholars who have shaped the world with their ideas and inventions:

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Many people mistake annotated bibliography with an abstract; however, both of them have different purposes in an academic document. An abstract has a pure descriptive summary of the paper, whereas a custom annotated bibliography includes critically descriptive and evaluative comments that mainly relate to the sources cited in the paper. Our professional team is well-acquainted with all the technicalities relating custom annotated bibliography. Annotated bibliography has two different components that include the bibliography or the list of the sources cited in the paper and annotations i.e. useful and elaborative comments about them. An annotated bibliography exposes the author’s clarity, the point of view, authority and the appropriateness of expression. Steps to Follow Writing a custom annotated bibliography needs the application of a range of intellectual skills that includes succinct analysis, informed library research and concise exposition. Following are the steps that are required to write an impressive custom annotated bibliography: - Locate the citations to periodicals, books, documents or any other sources that contain useful information on the topic you have chosen and record them. - Briefly review and examine the actual items. - Choose the works that have a variety of perspectives on your topic. - Cite the article, book, or document using an appropriate style. - After completing your citations, wrote an annotation that summarizes the scope or central theme of your chosen research. - Include a few more sentences that (a) determine the background or authority of the author, (b) give a note on the intended audience, (c) relate or contrast with other works that you have cited, (d) put light on how this work relates to your bibliography topic or comment your personal views on the source. The type of the format is usually based upon the bibliographic style that your mentor or professor has requested for. The common citation styles are APA, MLA, Harvard, and Chicago. Usually, an annotation consists of approx. 100-300 words in a paragraph. However, your professor might have different expectations so it is better if you know the details of your project before starting it. Basic guidelines for the most commonly used styles for formatting are given below: - Make sure that you have Hanging Indents in the citations of your bibliography i.e. the first line of the citation must be aligned left and the following lines are indented with 4 spaces. - The bibliography is overall double-spaced in between the citations of within them. - The same hanging indents are maintained within the bibliography as it is required in MLA formatting style mentioned above. - The annotation in the bibliography is indented with 2 additional spaces just as a block. For more information regarding custom annotated bibliography, visit our website and keep abreast with the technical information needed to guide you through your academic writing documents.

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FACT CHECK: Does China Produce 90% Of Global Carbon Emissions? An image shared on Facebook more than 900 times claims that China produces 90% of global carbon emissions. China, the number one emitter of carbon dioxide, accounts for about 28% of global carbon emissions, according to the 2019 BP Statistical Review of World Energy report. The Facebook post features pictures of Greta Thunberg, a teenage environmental activist, and George Soros, a billionaire Democratic donor. Both have been the subject of misinformation on Facebook in recent months. (RELATED: Does This Picture Show Greta Thunberg With George Soros?) “Why are we not going to China?” reads a speech bubble near Thunberg. Another speech bubble near Soros says, “Shut up and stick to the script!” The post also makes a dubious claim about China’s contribution to the world’s total carbon emissions, with the caption reading, “China produces 90 percent of the world’s carbon emissions pollution! They didn’t go to China because it’s already a communist country!” While China does lead the world in both carbon and total greenhouse gas emissions, it does not account for 90% of global carbon emissions. The country emitted approximately 9.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide in 2018, according to the 2019 BP Statistical Review of World Energy report. That equates to about 27.8% of global carbon emissions. The same report found that the U.S., the number two emitter, produced roughly 5.1 billion tons of carbon emissions in 2018, or approximately 15.2% of the global 33.9 billion tons. (The International Energy Agency and Global Carbon Project report similar figures.) China surpassed the U.S. as the top emitter in 2005, per the 2019 BP Statistical Review of World Energy report. It now emits more carbon than both the U.S. and the European Union (EU) combined, according to The New York Times. (RELATED: 5 Claims From Trump’s Climate Change Tweets) “Their economy is growing fast and they use a lot of coal,” David Weisbach, a law professor at the University of Chicago and the co-author of “Climate Change Justice,” said in an email to the Daily Caller News Foundation. Indeed, China’s emissions have rapidly increased over the past two decades as a result of its growing and modernizing economy. In large part, the country meets its increased energy demand by burning coal, according to The New York Times. The Global Carbon Project found that a majority of Chinese carbon emissions come from this method of energy production. As a signatory of the Paris Agreement, China has pledged that its emissions will peak no later than 2030. Content created by The Daily Caller News Foundation is available without charge to any eligible news publisher that can provide a large audience. For licensing opportunities of our original content, please contact [email protected].

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Reading your own water meter will allow you to check your water consumption, detect leaks, and learn which of your appliances and fixtures use excessive water. You can use this information to help you conserve water and money. How to Read Your Meter Your water meter is located in the ground, usually at the front of the property, inside a rectangular box with a heavy lid. To read your meter, you will need to lift the lid, and the lift cap on the dial if applicable to your meter. Clean the dial with window cleaner if it’s difficult to read. Look for the small red triangle at the center of the meter. If the triangle is moving (or if there is no triangle but the sweep hand is moving), water is being using the house. Your water meter reads like a car’s odometer, but with a permanent zero in the gallon place. Single gallons are counted by the red sweep hand. A complete revolution of this hand is 10 gallons and causes the register to move. Leaks Waste Water Please note- if the red triangle on your meter continues to turn when all water-using appliances (including the water heater, ice makers, and water softeners) are off or when your master supply valve is off, you have a leak. Check all faucets and showerheads for leaks. If your showerhead is leaking, make sure it is screwed tightly and check the washer for wear. Repair leaking faucets by replacing washers and by tightening or repacking the faucet system. Also, check all outside faucets and spigots. Use hose washers between spigots and water hoses to eliminate leaks. Replace or repair damaged or leaking hoses, nozzles, spigots, and connectors. Many toilet leaks are obvious because the toilet runs, makes noise, or you can see movement in the toilet bowl between flushes. To test for a silent leak, drop a little food coloring into the tank (or use the leak detector tablets from the UC Water-Saving Kit). If you see food coloring in the bowl within 30 minutes, you have a leak. The rubber flush valve or “flapper” decompose over time. If black residue comes off when you touch the flapper, or it looks warped or disfigured, it’s time to replace it. Malfunctioning water softeners, automatically filling swimming pools, water heaters and faulty irrigation valves are other areas where you might have a leak. If no obvious locations have leaks, and the red triangle is still moving, you may have an underground leak, foundation leak, or leak behind a wall and should call a plumber. Free Low-Flow Showerhead & Water Saving Kit from the UC If you are a UC water customer, you can bring your old 2.5 gpm (or greater) showerhead to the UC and get a water saving kit featuring a 1.25 gpm low-flow massaging shower head for free! The kit also contains: - A 1.5 gpm dual-spray kitchen faucet aerator - Two 1 gpm bathroom faucet aerators - A toilet cycle diverter - A flow meter bag - Two leak detection tablets - Water conservation tip wheel Water Saving Tips The UC Water Saving Kit will help you reduce your water consumption in many areas of your home, including your shower, toilet, kitchen faucet, and bathroom faucet. Other ways to save: In the bathroom A full tub typically holds 36 gallons. By filling the tub one-third full, you can save up to 24 gallons per bath Most family members brush their teeth two times per day for an average of two minutes. Save water by turning off the faucet when brushing. The best way to improve toilet efficiency is to replace an old toilet with a new toilet. Toilets made before 1993 use about 4 gallons per flush. New, high efficiency toilets use 1.6 gallons per flush or less. If you are unable to replace your toilet, you can help your toilet use less water per flush by putting a plastic bottle full of water in your toilet tank. Add an inch or two of sand or pebbles inside the bottle to weigh it down, then fill the bottle with water, screw the lid on, and put it in your toilet tank safely away from operating mechanisms. Save water in your pool by installing a cover and ensuring you have no leaks. Placing a cover over your pool will help reduce the amount of water lost to evaporation while increasing pool safety.

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The modern battlefield has extended to space. Although we’re not conducting laser battles in orbit (yet), satellite systems are regularly used to guide missiles and drones to their destination, facilitate communication between soldiers on the battlefield, and spy on adversaries. Given how critical space assets are for national security, it’s hardly surprising that militaries spend a lot of time developing ways to destroy their enemies’ satellites. On Wednesday, the Indian Defense Research and Development Organization, or DRDO, launched a missile that destroyed one of the country’s own satellites in low Earth orbit. The successful demonstration, dubbed Mission Shakti, was revealed during a live televised address from Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who claimed that “India has no intention to threaten anyone.” “The main objective of our space program is ensuring the country’s security, its economic development, and India’s technological progress,” Modi said. “India has always been opposed to the weaponization of space and an arms race in outer space, and this test does not in any way change this position.” Mission Shakti made India just the fourth country to successfully destroy a satellite in orbit, following the US, Russia, and most recently China. Compared with the international backlash that followed China’s anti-satellite demonstration in 2007, though, the response to India’s test has been relatively subdued. Daniel Porras, the space security fellow at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, says this is likely because the debris from the Indian anti-satellite test poses less of a hazard to other satellites. “The Chinese demonstration was carried out at 800 kilometers and was widely condemned because of the resulting space debris, which will likely stay in orbit for decades or longer,” according to Porras. “India’s demonstration was conducted at 300 kilometers, so the debris will likely be out of orbit in months. For this reason, the reaction has been much less.” Anti-satellite missiles are generally touted as a deterrence mechanism, rather than a primary attack vector. The idea is basically to send a message to other space-faring nations: "If you destroy our space assets, we’ll destroy yours." The problem, of course, is that the debris created by a missile ramming into an adversary’s satellite makes operating in space more dangerous for everyone, including the country that launched the missile. In this sense, every successful anti-satellite missile attack is a Pyrrhic victory. “One thing to keep in mind about knocking out satellites with military weapons is that it creates a debris field that all commercial and military satellites of every country will have to avoid for years to come,” says Daryl Kimball, the executive director of the Arms Control Association. Things are even worse if an anti-satellite missile is deployed during a conflict with a nuclear-armed nation. If that were the case, Kimball adds, the anti-satellite missile would be seen as an “extremely provocative step, because it could potentially mean that one side is trying to blind the other from detecting a nuclear attack.” This could, in theory, escalate the conflict toward nuclear war. This is precisely why experts like Vipin Narang, an associate professor of political science at MIT, think that India’s anti-satellite test probably didn’t have much to do with satellites. From India’s perspective, its two greatest military adversaries are Pakistan and China—both of which have nuclear weapons, but only China has a robust military presence in space. Thus, Narang says, India’s anti-satellite test is difficult to make sense of because it is “both more dependent on satellites than Pakistan and it’s also less capable in a relative sense than China.” “If Pakistan starts hitting Indian satellites, India can knock out Pakistan’s very few satellites,” notes Narang. “China can knock out all of India’s satellites whereas India cannot do the same to China. So it’s kind of a weird balance for India if it’s interested in getting into the anti-satellite deterrence game, [because] it doesn’t really have an advantage in either of its dyads.”

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Share this Article Adjusting Insulin During Illness (Injections) For those using an Insulin Pump, instead see: Blood glucose below 10.0 mmol/L with vomiting or diarrhea - It’s advisable NOT to give fast-acting insulin (such as Humalog®, NovoRapid®, or Apidra®). - You may need to decrease N (NPH) by 20% of the usual dose. Blood glucose above 14.0 mmol/L with ketones - It is advisable to give extra fast-acting insulin (such as Humalog®, NovoRapid®, or Apidra®). To determine an adjusted insulin dose when your child is ill: - Total the usual daily dose of insulin (do not include correction or sliding scale insulin). For example, if the dose is 12 units of NPH and 3 units of NovoRapid® in the morning, 3 units of NovoRapid® at supper, and 5 units of NPH at bedtime, then the total daily dose is: 12 + 3 + 3 + 5 = 23 units. - Use the chart below to find out how much fast-acting insulin you may need to give. For the above example (23 total units falls in the range of “16-25 units”), give 2 extra units for a blood glucose above 14.0 with ++ (moderate) ketones. Dose of Insulin |< 6 units||0 unit||½ unit||1 unit| |6 – 15 units||1 unit||1 ½ units||2 units| |16 – 25 units||1 ½ units||2 units||3 units| |26 – 35 units||2 units||3 units||5 units| |36 – 45 units||3 units||4 units||6 units| |46 – 55 units||4 units||6 units||7 units| |56 – 65 units||5 units||8 units||9 units| |66 – 75 units||6 units||9 units||10 units| |> 75 units||7 units||10 units||12 units| - Add the additional fast-acting insulin to the usual insulin doses. - You may need to give extra insulin between usual insulin times and during the night until the blood glucose is less than 14.0 mmol/L or ketones are negative. - If your child uses Humalog®, NovoRapid®, or Apidra®, you may need to give the extra insulin every 2-3 hours. - If your child uses Humilin R® or Toronto®, you may need to give extra insulin every 4 hours. - If ketones are present and blood glucose is less than 14.0 mmol/L, it is NOT advisable to give extra insulin. (These are starvation ketones and are not harmful. They will go away once your child starts eating.) - If you give extra insulin at bedtime or during the night, check blood glucose 2-3 hours later. - Contact your child’s diabetes nurse or doctor if blood ketones are greater than 3.0 mmol/L. Your child may have diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment with intravenous insulin and fluid, such as electrolyte replacement. The above information was adapted with permission from The Alberta Children’s Hospital Diabetes Clinic information handouts. The above information was reviewed for content accuracy by clinical staff of the Alberta Children’s Hospital Diabetes Clinic. This material has been developed from sources that we believe are accurate, however, as the field of medicine (in particular as it applies to diabetes) is rapidly evolving, the information should not be relied upon, as it is designed for informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of medical advice, instruction and/or treatment. If you have specific questions, please consult your doctor or appropriate health care professional. Share this Article

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So when we talk about the struggles that black Americans face, it’s hard as a white person to have the clearest perspective. Unfortunately, the majority of us white citizens seem to have decided to ignore the stories of the very people who’d be the best to speak about this, the ones who experience racism on a regular basis. Each individual story is powerful, meaningful and unique, coming from a personal place. When I, as a white person, talk about the issues of black people in America, it’s going to consist of second-hand observations, general statistics, and historical trends. But I do feel the responsibility to share the small piece I do know with other white people who seem blind to the idea that others have had different struggles than we have. It’s not easy to be a person. Whatever our gender, race, social status, education, wealth, or any other thing about us, as humans, we will necessarily experience some amount of pain, suffering, or obstacle in life. It’s definitely possible to be a rich black female, a poor white male, and all other combinations. The problem with these statements, is that while true, they seem to make us believe that racism is not real. I have heard many white people imply that racism cannot exist because of the times when black people have been more successful than whites or the times white people have suffered. Talking about racism has nothing to do with white suffering and does not negate it in any way. Nor does it invalidate white people’s experiences with poverty, hunger, or homelessness. But when people bring up white poverty when we are trying to to talk about racism, it is like bringing up cancer when trying to have a conversation about heart disease. Both are important health issues, but not really related. Before we say that we’re not racist, don’t know anyone who is, or don’t believe it’s existed since 1963, I beg all of us to pause for a moment and be willing to consider the possibility that the effects of years and years of slavery and segregation didn’t get wiped out in just sixty-two years. Less time than my grandparents have been alive. Things have gotten better in some ways, but to say there are no residual effects seems naive. Please take the time to look at what happened after the civil rights movement, which is usually where African American history in public schools stops. Before we accept what we’ve already decided is true, let’s look at our American history, full of both triumphs and setbacks for equality and justice. Then, please be willing to sit down and hear an individual story, with openness and empathy. It’s hard to notice a struggle we don’t have. It’s hard to admit when we’ve been wrong. It’s painful to have our eyes opened to a new truth that shakes some of the beliefs we’ve always had. I hope that as white Americans we can keep pride and apathy from getting in the way of admitting some of our flawed history and becoming allies to work towards racial reconciliation and a more just society.

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Study Shows A Surprising Number Of Medical Record Errors Studies show that many cases occur where medical staff misreads patients’ records and may perform the wrong treatment. When people enter a medical facility in Miami or anywhere throughout the state, they expect to receive a certain standard level of care that is given to ailing patients. Many people place their lives in the hands of the professional medical staff who are caring for them. Despite this high level of trust, however, physicians, nurses and surgeons are human and consequently, subject to making errors. Unfortunately, these mistakes can lead to serious injuries and fatalities, all of which may have been prevented. There are many types of medical errors that can occur, including failure to diagnose a patient, leaving a foreign object within a patient’s surgical site or administering the wrong medication. According to the ECRI Institute, a nonprofit group that focuses on protecting and advocating patient safety, more and more cases of medical negligence have been attributed to disorganized medical records and patient mix-ups. This happens when physicians, surgeons and other medical professionals mix up patient records and inadvertently treat the wrong patient. Medical record study Researchers involved in a study conducted by ECRI Institute wanted to find out just how common medical record errors are and how they affect patients across the country. The study looked at 7,613 cases that were voluntarily submitted by various healthcare organizations. These submissions are protected by a federal law that allows medical professionals to report errors without fear of liability. These cases, however, are thought to be severely underrated as many incidents of wrong patient treatment are never reported. How do these medical document and identification errors occur? The study determined that approximately 13 percent of mistakes happen when patients are being registered, as intake information may be typed under the wrong patient. At least 22 percent of the errors involved people who received the wrong treatment or had the wrong procedure performed. Other errors involved lab work, diagnostic tests, missing or illegible wristbands or simply failure to check the patient’s identity prior to treating. Solving the problem There are several things hospital administrators can do to help decrease the number of patient identity mix-ups. First, medical facilities should have a standardized method of checking patients, their medications and procedures. While some facilities implement a bar-code system that requires professionals to scan medication and patients’ wristbands, others simply require a timeout where all patient information is checked. Obtaining legal help Imagine medical staff failing to render aid to a dying patient because they mistakenly thought the patient had a do-not-resuscitate order. In another case, an infant was given another mother’s milk who was diagnosed with hepatitis. In the chaotic environment of an emergency room or surgical center, patient’s records may be misread or misinterpreted, and as a result, patients can become injured or killed. An attorney in Florida who understands how to handle cases of medical malpractice may be able to help you explore your legal options.

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hip(redirected from hipper) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Idioms. hip,in human anatomy, the joint separating the thigh bone from the pelvis, and the surrounding flesh. The adult hipbone consolidates three bones separate in youth: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The two prominences commonly called the hipbones are the crests of the ilia. The bones of the buttocks that support the seated body are projections of the ischia. At the body midline, fibrous tissue bands the two pubis bones, thus stabilizing the hips and preventing them from spreading or buckling. With maturity, the ilium, ischium, and pubis meet and grow together at a Y-shaped junction, the site of the acetabulum, a deep cavity that receives the rounded head of the thighbone, or femur. The resulting ball-and-socket joint allows great latitude of thigh movement. If arthritis affects the joint to such degree that medication and other therapies cannot sufficiently reduce pain and increase mobility, the hip may be replaced surgically, using a metal ball and stem implanted in the top of the thigh bone and an artificial socket secured in the pelvis. See also pelvispelvis, bony, basin-shaped structure that supports the organs of the lower abdomen. It receives the weight of the upper body and distributes it to the legs; it also forms the base for numerous muscle attachments. ..... Click the link for more information. ; legleg, one of the paired limbs of an animal used for support of the body and for locomotion. Properly, the human leg is that portion of the extremity between the foot and the thigh. This section of the human leg contains two long bones, the tibia and the fibula. ..... Click the link for more information. . The external angle at the junction of two sloping roofs or sides of a roof: the rafter at the angle where two sloping roofs or sides of a roof meet. The region of the junction of thigh and trunk. The hip joint, formed by articulation of the femur and hipbone. The external angle formed by the junction of two sloping roofs or the sides of a roof. A rafter that is positioned at the junction of two sloping roofs or the sides of a roof. HIP[hip or ¦āch¦ī′pē] 1. The external angle at the junction of two sloping roofs or sides of a roof. 2. The rafter at the angle where two sloping roofs or sides of roofs meet. 3. The joint of a bridge truss where the top chord meets the inclined end post. 1. either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh, overlying the lateral part of the pelvis and its articulation with the thighbones 2. another name for pelvis 3. short for hip joint 4. the angle formed where two sloping sides of a roof meet or where a sloping side meets a sloping end the berry-like brightly coloured fruit of a rose plant: a swollen receptacle, rich in vitamin C, containing several small hairy achenes

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Ministry of Justice (Madagascar) Like any modern state that respects the principle of the separation of powers, Madagascar has its Legislative, Executive and Judicial Powers. With particular regard to the Executive Power, he is embodied by a Government consisting of Ministries; including those known as sovereignty.The Ministry of Justice is a Ministry of Sovereignty. He plays an important role in national life in general. In fact, it is not only the first bulwark in the preservation of the interests of the Family but in addition, its role in securing transactions, organizing the safety of people and property and above all, in protecting individual freedoms is decisive. Decree No. 2008-438 fixing the powers of the Attorney General, Minister of Justice, Strengthening the anti-corruption system and sanctions for corruption in the judicial system; Improving the legal environment to ensure the speed and transparency of litigation by reforming laws aimed at simplifying court proceedings and developing business; The acceleration of processing of cases in progress in all jurisdictions; Promoting respect for human rights and strengthening their protection; And humanization, prison detention. Even if no rank of precedence is established between the Ministries in Madagascar, as is the case in England, where the Minister of Justice comes officially after the Minister of Finance in His Majesty's Government, several outward signs symbolize the special place held by the Malagasy Ministry of Justice. Among others, there is the name of the one who directs it that is "Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice". This name is not usurped because it is justified in reality. Indeed, the Minister of Justice is indeed the depositary of the Seals of the Republic of Madagascar. This practice is inherited from feudalism but to scrutinize the political history of the country, it seems to have been unanimous among the successive regimes to such a point that none of them had thought of changing it. In addition, the Ministry of Justice is the only ministerial department which, within the Government, enjoys a particular position allowing it to maintain a close link with an Institutional Power, in this case the Judiciary or more specifically the Juridictional function, as the Malagasy constitution designates.This situation is such that it installs some confusion among the laymen. The latter do not know, in fact, who of the Ministry of Justice or of the Courts and Courts embody the Juridical Function as the former is demonstrating an exceptional dynamic in its mission of organizing the administration of Justice. Yet in reality, the respective roles of each of them are distinct without being totally independent from each other; the courts to make periodic reports of their facts to the Ministry. Conversely, it provides the courts with the financial, material and human resources needed to carry out their activities.See more

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Here is an interesting photo I captured while in flight. I love looking out of the window during flights because you can see a lot of very interesting things, and this one I had not seen before. It it the shadow of the airplane on an adjacent cloud. This is neat in itself, but not very curious. The curious part is the ring of color bands like a rainbow surrounding the shadow. As a note to those concerned, my phone was on airplane mode, so no interference created here. You’ve got to obey those flight attendants! A note also to any skeptics, I have not altered this photo in any way other than cropping. This is merely what the camera on my phone captured. Here a two more pictures to confirm it was not a fluke. I did not crop these photos, so the shadow appears a little further away. In the photos the color rings where always with the shadow and the shadow appears “on top” of the rings. Also, the rings only show when projected on the cloud. With these things in mind, I conclude that the color rings are not an effect created by the camera or with my window, but the color bands are actually on the nearby clouds. Lets try and understand why these rings of light were created. My first thought brought me to the diffraction or bending of light as it passes around an object. As an example, the Greeks made their columns a little wider at the center so that they would appear of constant diameter. This is because as light diffracts around the column it is pulled inward making them look a little smaller at the center, see photos below. In the photo on the right, the light diffracts around the window frame making it look like there is a hole. But this has nothing to do with a rainbow ring, so we need more information. My next thought brought me back to introductory physics class and when we learned that light is both a particle and a wave. The canonical experiment is single or multiple slit diffraction experiments. As light passed through a very narrow slit, it would bend and create this line of alternating colors like a rainbow. When it passed through a hole it would make rings like we see here. This is good, we are making progress. (For those who did not take that introductory physics class, I am sorry, but I don’t really have the space here to get you up to speed.) Two things are left unexplained. The plane is not a hole, but a dot (compared to the sun), and the plane is not round, but plane shaped. If I remember correctly, diffraction happens just the same with a dot instead of a hole. This makes sense because the light will still bend. But why did the weird shape of the airplane make perfect circles of light. I am still a little perplexed. Can any readers help fill in the holes of understanding regarding this interesting photo? Is my thinking so far correct or is something totally different at play here?

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Intensive Preschool Programs Can Yield Massive Returns, Especially for Boys, Nobel Laureate’s Study Shows Heckman, a University of Chicago economist whose credentials include both a Nobel Prize and the John Bates Clark Medal, has spent much of his career researching the economics of human development. That analysis has included a focus on ABC/CARE, two identical childhood intervention studies that were conducted in the 1970s and have provided extremely rare longitudinal data on their subjects long into adulthood. Unlike the famed Perry Preschool Study, which offered services to 3- and 4-year-olds, ABC/CARE enrolled children virtually at birth, providing full-time preschool to families that otherwise wouldn’t have been able to afford it. Children received care focused on language and cognitive development through age 5, followed by academic support through age 8. Check-ins with subjects followed at ages 12, 15, 21, and 30. Heckman and his co-authors measured the programs’ effects on IQ, health, income, and criminal activity. They found that access to high-quality preschool yielded an annual return on investment of 13.7 percent — growth that would elude the savviest money managers on Wall Street. The results of the studies would have to be outstanding to justify the money spent: $18,514 per child per year. That eye-popping price tag has led experts like the Brookings Institution’s Russ Whitehurst to doubt that programs like ABC/CARE and Perry could ever be scaled to serve the tens of millions of poor families that might be eligible for them. “The costs of the program are substantial, as has frequently been noted by critics,” the researchers acknowledge. “But so are the benefits, which far outweigh the costs.” Those advantages weren’t only imparted to the children enrolled in ABC/CARE. Gifted with a substantial child care subsidy, their parents (particularly those who didn’t have other children) often worked more hours and earned higher wages. Some enrolled in further education themselves, attaining a degree that could bring greater income down the line. Though participants of both sexes saw improved life outcomes, boys enjoyed a particular boost. “Benefits from reductions in criminality and increased labor income are pronounced for males, contributing to their larger estimates relative to the females estimates,” the authors write. “However, when we omit crime from our analysis, we still estimate substantial returns for males.” As cities increasingly look to expand their public pre-K offerings, ABC/CARE are still offering lessons in program design and implementation as their subjects enter middle age.

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A mute is a device fitted to a musical instrument to alter the sound produced by affecting the timbre or tone reducing the volume, or most commonly both. Generally, a mute for a brass instrument like Trumpet, Trombone, French Horn, Baritone Horn, Euphonium, Tuba, etc.) lowers the volume, and alters the timbre (tonal quality) of the instrument.A variety of mutes have been used on brass instruments, most of which either squeeze inside the bell of the instrument, or are hung or clipped to the outside of the bell. These mutes are typically made out of aluminum, brass, or copper metal, but more economical plaster, cardboard, and plastic versions exist. Each material produces a distinctive sound. Trumpet & Trombone mutes can take advantage of this by using materials like cane, leather, and steel. Brass Instrument Mutes:- Trombone and Trombone straight mute are used extensively in Big Band music. It is also probably used most often in Jazz music. Mutes can often help trombone, and trumpet players blend better with their fellow instrumentalists, particularly in a small jazz ensemble setting. A brass player will also often use a mute to help lower the volume of their instrument when playing with a vocalist.There are several different types of brass instrument mutes. Each type of brass instrument mute imparts its own particular sound to the instrument. Variations on the materials as well as the construction of each mute type also affect the volume, and timbre of the muted brass instrument. What is Trumpet and Trombone Straight Mutes? The most common type is the straight mute, a hollow, cone-shaped mute that fits into the bell of the instrument. This results in a more metallic, sometimes nasal sound, and when played at loud volumes can result in a very piercing note. Straight mutes have small pieces of cork attached to the end that squeeze against the inside of the bell, and hold the mute in place. Trombone straight and Trumpet cup mute are available for all brass instruments like Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba, etc. You can find lots of best mutes in the market which have standard, and intonation. Mostly the popular trumpet & Trombone straight mute has set a standard, which has been widely copied but never equalled. The hand crafting of these mutes gives the high-quality aluminium a ‘work-hardened’ quality, which makes for a very resonant product that will give a wonderful fortissimo when it is needed. Soulo Mute is a brand of high quality Trumpet straight mutes for the professional trumpet, gifts for trumpet players. Currently represented by its signature, well-known Bucket mute, as well as its Adjustable Fiber Cup, Copper Bottom trombone straight mute, trombone cup mute, adjustable trumpet cup mute and All-Aluminum Straight. All Soulo Mutes have excellent pitch, beautiful tone and are extremely lightweight and free-blowing. The adjustability of the mutes allows for many color options, making it perfect for any performance, solo or section work. Check video about Trumpet Straight Mute Review.

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In Canada, during any given year, 1 in 5 Canadians experience mental illness or addiction, and by the time Canadians reach the age of 40, 1 in 2 have experienced a mental illness.1 With more than 1 million Canadian youth suffering from a mental disorder, mental illness in children and youth is highly prevalent and has a large impact on their social, interpersonal, and economic outcomes in life.2 Each year in Canada there are approximately 4000 deaths by suicide of which over 90% were individuals living with a mental health problem or illness.3 In the general population, suicide is the 9th leading cause of death while amongst individuals aged 10-29, suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death.4 With suicide being a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults, it is clear that child and youth mental health calls for more attention; however, there is no cohesive national vison or approach guiding how mental health for this vulnerable group should be addressed.5 HCI, along with our partners, wants to see a Canada where mental health is a national priority. To achieve this, we are taking steps to address mental health among children and adolescents by working with Naseeha Mental Health on innovative programs. We are proud to announce that in 2020 HCI will be hosting an Educator’s Retreat with Naseeha Mental Health to provide educators in Ontario with the tools and resources they need to support the mental health and wellbeing of their students. This endeavour is geared towards private school teachers who due to financial constraints of their institution lack access to mental health training. By pairing theoretical information with real data collected by Naseeha Mental Health’s helpline, we will have impact-driven sessions that address very real problems our community is facing. During our time with the educators, we hope to address key topics such as cyberbullying, coping with depression, facilitation of healthy conversations, mindful parenting techniques, and many more. The retreat will be facilitated by mental health professionals and educations who will not only present informative content but also lead meaningful discussions to create an environment of compassion and support. Our goal is to ensure that each educator leaves the retreat with a toolkit of strategies they can leverage within their own classrooms every day. We understand that each classroom is its own microcosm with unique students with differing mental health needs; however, our aim is to build capacity within teachers so they can manage students of all needs in a manner that ensures that the student is put first. Stay tuned for more details on our Educator’s Retreat. Author: Komal Ayub January 28, 2020 Kutcher, S., Hampton, M. J., & Wilson, J. (2010). Child and adolescent mental health policy and plans in Canada: An analytical review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 100-107.

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tech – https://unoriginaldeviant.tumblr.com/post/183786321982/fall-inventions-made-even-cozier-by-inventors. In the construction industry, it assists you to develop modern devices to ensure top quality projects. For instance, every road, bridge, or buildings built must be sturdy enough to prevent collapse that result in accidents. Moreover, inadequately constructed building or infrastructure will cost any company considerably money due to the repair. Thus, is actually usually much better to create any project perfectly to avoid any issue eventually. Technology brings us new inventions that make construction projects rather sturdy and reliable. Contemplate of the newest technologies in building industry. The invention of plasma arc technology is the great solution to stabilize the weak foundations where buildings, roads and bridges should be built. In this procedure, the soil is heated how to patent a product idea increase its strength and stability and reduce compressibility. This thermal system in treating the soil raises the quality of the idea soils, thus preventing landslides. Although don’t wish to has already existed in the past, there are limitations because of the expensive treatment methods, complex procedures and also the limited construction equipment and applications. Hence, the plasma arc technology was invented to develop a powerful ionized gas called plasma. The plasma torch may be used on the soil, heating it at a substantial great volume temperature. Hence, continuous heating can cause the soil to be solid and sits firmly. With an intense volume heat, the swelling of the soil is reduced. Dirt begins to melt and later on fuses and become harder like some brick or pebbles. This technology generates a more intense heating capability than electric heating sources and fossil fuels. Thus, the immense temperature creates a better result in hardening and compressing dirt. In effect, creates the soil more solid and regular. However, more studies and research are produced to determine the effectiveness of plasma in the construction industry. Research programs are completed in Japan, Switzerland, South africa and Australia, among many other planet. Fiber Optic Sensors for Sturdy Structures Every year, roads and bridges require maintenance because some deteriorate easily. The rehabilitation associated with these structures cost you a lot funds and effort, which can be a problem for brand new and federal sectors. Thus, researchers have proposed using smart structures to strengthen and prevent quick deterioration of construction projects. Fractional treatments is analyzed and studied at the University of Toronto, in the Institute for Aerospace Studies. The researchers propose the associated with fiber optic sensors to line the columns of your bridges. After applying these sensors, these are covered a few lightweight synthetic to stay away from the deterioration and damage of this structure. Hence, this will hopefully preserve infrastructures and cause less need for road fixes. Although fiber optic sensors are ideal in strengthening the structures, thus preventing deterioration, these materials are quite expensive. Moreover, there for being an extensive research done to prove its effectiveness in maintaining roads and lots of other houses in the area. Some good feedbacks are still partial by means of comes to deciding the area material is indeed effective or not. Thus, researchers continue acquire out on-line and practicality in using fiber optics in includes a projects.

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Fleas are common ectoparasites found on dogs throughout the world. In Europe, both Ctenocephalides felis (the cat flea) and Ctenocephalides canis (the dog flea) infest dogs. Their bite can cause Flea Allergy Dermatitis and fleas are proven vectors of Tapeworm, Bartonella and Ricketssia, among other diseases. Over 95% of fleas are not visible adults. At any time, high numbers of fleas at other life stages may be present and maturing in the environment. Left unchecked, a heavy infestation can develop within days. For the health and comfort of dogs and the owners who love them, it’s vital to kill and repel dangerous vectors that can spread disease. Defending against adult fleas is only the beginning. In Europe, both Ctenocephalides felis (the cat flea) and Ctenocephalides canis (the dog flea) infest dogs and their environment. Over 95% of fleas are not visible adults. At any time, high numbers of flea eggs, larvae and pupae may be present and maturing in the environment. If left unchecked, a heavy infestation can develop within days. An infestation in the home can be very difficult to eradicate and exposes all to the threats that fleas pose. Disgusting when engorged on blood and potentially dangerous to dogs and their families, ticks can transmit diseases including Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis and Ehrlichiosis, among many others. Ticks lay up to 3,000 eggs at a time. Before laying eggs, a female tick consumes up to 600 times her body weight in blood. It is important to kill the three main European tick species infesting dogs, or repel them before they even have a chance to bite and spread disease. Sand flies (phlebotomes) not only irritate dogs with their painful bites, they can transmit diseases and are especially known as vectors of Leishmaniasis. Most active in the summer months when many dogs are outside, sand flies are vesperal blood feeders that typically settle around the muzzle, eyes and mouth. Mosquitoes breed wherever there is standing water. Mosquitoes feed preferentially on dogs where the skin is thin and accessible: abdominal region, muzzle or ears – causing scratching, chewing and irritation. Females feed several times on blood before laying hundreds of eggs at a time. Diseases transmitted include Dirofilariasis and West Nile Virus. Allergic reactions to mosquito bites can cause secondary infections as well. Killing and repelling mosquitoes is key to protecting a dog’s health. Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) are found in every European country. They are opportunistic feeders able to fly over five kilometers to find a blood source. Both female and male feed on blood and these parasites are active during the day. Bites are estimated to be over 200 times more painful than a mosquito bite.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

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How many times have you heard that being successful is all about setting goals? But, it may come as no surprise to learn there is a lot more to success than just setting your goals. Most of us, at some time, have been told that an essential part, if not the major part, of being successful is setting goals. If that was true, we would be much more successful at achieving our goals in life. In this article, we’ll talk about why many people fail to achieve their goals and how you can be successful at achieving your goals…and your dreams. 1. What is a goal? A goal is a target that is achievable in measurable, attainable steps. It is more than just a desire or a need; it has an existence of its own. A desire or a wish is less tangible and is often fleeting. For example, who doesn’t want to win the lottery with all its millions in prize money? Very few would not but, despite the widespread desire, it is not a goal. A goal is a desire, wish or need achievable by actions you can take. It is more than a mere wish or desire. 2. How should you set a goal? Setting a goal is a process which starts with an achievable wish, need, or desire. First you must decide on the following: What do you want? Where do you want to be? Next, break the goal down into smaller individual steps or actions. Achievable goals are goals where you can influence their realization and measure your progress towards them. Achieving long-term life-changing goals is a process of achieving, step-by-step, short and medium-term actions. 3. What actions are required? Goals require action on your part. You first need to decide what action is required to achieve the goal. Your first action is always to write down your goals. Putting pen to paper (and this is one of those times when a real pen and paper make a difference) gives your goals an existence of their own. Writing a plan is an essential step in achieving your goals – without it you will, over time, amend the long-term goal to fit your reality. In doing so, you will eventually reduce the goal to a wish, and wishes only come true by chance. 4. Analyze the results. You then need to analyze, and work out in detail, how you are going to accomplish each individual goal. This means writing a specific plan of what tangible actions are required to achieve each individual goal. These actions then become smaller shorter-term goals leading to major longer-term goals. 5. What steps do I need to take today? Every day ask yourself "What steps do I need to take today to make progress towards my goals?" By now, your steps should be all planned in advance, so check your plan and make sure you take steps every day. If you discover additional steps are needed, add them to the plan. 6. Review your progress and achievements every week and month. Every week, review your progress for the week. Check what you’ve done and what you may have missed. Adjust your plan for the next week or month. Your plan should always take into account what you will do today, tomorrow, this week, next week, before the end of the month, in the next 3 months, 6 months, etc. Always write down your results. 7. What if things go wrong? If goals were easy to achieve, then everyone would be successful in everything they did. Goals are difficult because they should move you outside of your comfort zone to do things differently. To be successful, you have to take risks and face your own fear of failure. There will be setbacks. Expect them; since they are a normal part of the process. If you are not prepared to take action towards your goals, then you are wasting your time by setting them. True success comes from the daily actions we all take. Using goals helps ensure that the actions you take are moving you in the direction you wish to go. Frequent reviews keep you on track, and applying the tips above will help ensure that you achieve your goals. And, in doing so, you will be unique and stand out from the rest of the crowd who aren’t successful.

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Fighting to Prevent SIDS It’s dangerous to put infants to sleep on their tummies. Many parents have gotten that message—but now they have other risk factors to heed. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)—the abrupt, unexpected death of a baby younger than age 1—is the number one killer of American children between ages 1 month and 1 year. The exact cause of SIDS remains unknown. Most babies who die of SIDS have no symptoms, and an autopsy shows no cause of death. But studies have pinpointed risk factors and learning about them could help you prevent a tragedy. New Research, New Risks In the mid-1990s, researchers learned that putting babies to sleep on their stomachs more than doubled their risk of dying of SIDS. An educational campaign that began in 1994 urged caregivers to put babies to sleep on their backs. In the next decade, the U.S. SIDS rate fell by 50 percent. Research published in Pediatrics found that other behaviors also lead to a higher risk for SIDS. Babies who share a bed with an adult, sleep on an adult mattress, or sleep on soft bedding all have greater chances for SIDS. Putting babies to sleep on their sides, exposing them to cigarette smoke, or having their faces covered as they sleep also raises their risk. The chances of SIDS climb even higher when these actions involve male or premature babies, or babies born to a mother who drank alcohol or smoked while pregnant. Other research has shown that most SIDS deaths take place between ages 1 and 4 months. Controllable Risk Factors The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American SIDS Institute recommend parents and parents-to-be follow these practices to reduce a baby’s SIDS risk: - Lower your risk of giving birth prematurely. Get medical care right away when you learn you’re pregnant. See your doctor as recommended while expecting. - Don’t smoke or use illegal drugs while pregnant. - Plan pregnancies so that you have at least a year between the birth of a child and becoming pregnant again. - Always put your baby to sleep on his or her back in a baby bed with a firm mattress. Don’t add covers, bumpers, toys, or pillows. - Don’t sleep with your baby in your bed. Keep a crib, bassinet, or play yard that meets the safety standards of the Consumer Products Safety Commission close to your bed until a child is age 1 so that you can see and hear your baby and go to him or her easily. - Don’t let anyone smoke near your baby—not even in the same house. - Don’t put your baby to sleep wearing clothing that could cause overheating. - Offer your baby a clean, dry pacifier at bedtime and nap time, but don't force an infant to take it. - Breastfeed your baby to lower the risk for respiratory, stomach, and intestinal infections. - Contact your pediatrician at once if your baby sometimes goes limp, stops breathing, or gags excessively. - Make sure everyone who takes care of your baby follows safe guidelines for putting the infant to sleep. About one in five SIDS deaths takes place while someone other than a parent is caring for the baby. These deaths often occur because the caregiver places the baby on his or her tummy. When infants are put to sleep on their stomachs or sides, they are at high risk for SIDS. Uncontrollable Risk Factors Researchers have found some SIDS risk factors that can’t be changed: - Being a twin or other multiple - Having a sibling who died of SIDS - Being born to a teen mother - Being African-American, American Indian, or Alaskan Native SIDS can’t always be prevented—but by addressing the risk factors that you can change, you can lower the threat to your baby. Infant Sleep Safety For more information on infant sleep safety, visit the American Academy of Pediatrics website or speak with a SMGAZ practitioner.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.smgarizona.com/news/health/fighting-prevent-sids/

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Home Philosophy Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics During the 1930s and 1940s Tarski maintained a strict distinction between mathematics and metamathematics. Because of this, he was still in 1938 reluctant to accept that a set of formal axioms could serve to define the class of structures which satisfy them—as for example the class of rings consists of the structures that satisfy the axioms of ring theory. But mathematical developments put him under pressure to change his mind. By 1950 he was ready to embrace what we now know as model theory, and he devoted the early 1950s to setting up the basics of the theory. In the course of this work, Tarski rejigged his old truth definition, so that instead of defining 'φ is a true sentence of the language L' it defined 'φ is a sentence true in the structure M for the language L', where now L is a formal language whose nonlogical symbols have no meaning and the structure M is used to assign meanings to these symbols. This new truth definition is known as the 'model-theoretic truth definition'. You can find it in standard textbooks of model theory. But in practice model theorists mostly use just the separate recursive clauses of the definition, for example that a¯ satisfies ∀yφ(x¯, y) in M if and only if for every element b of M, a¯ b satisfies φ(x¯, y) in M. These clauses are all older than Tarski's work. The definition as a whole does guarantee that the relation 'φ is true in the structure M' is set-theoretically definable, though today most logicians would reckon that this is intuitively obvious. Occasionally it's useful to know that the definition can be written as a set-theoretic formula of a particular form. The model-theoretic truth definition uses an adaptation of the idea of satisfaction that Tarski introduced in his 1933 truth definition and exploited in the 1936 paper. If you apply that model-theoretic adaptation to the 1936 definition of logical consequence, you get is a logical consequence of T if and only if every model of T is a model of φ (3) where now φ is a sentence and T a set of sentences, in a language whose nonlogical symbols are meaningless. It happens that the righthand clause of (3) is a relation that appears very often in model theory, so it would be useful to have a name for it. On the basis of the facts above, Tarski in 1953 [20, p. 8] proposed reading the relation as 'φ is a logical consequence of T '. Model theorists have tended to follow Tarski's lead and pronounce the relation as 'T entails φ' or 'φ is a consequence of T '. The use of the name has nothing to do with any interest in the concept of logical consequence itself. Tarski's 1953 essay seems to have had some unintended consequences among philosophers. A number of people conflated the 1936 definition with the 1953 one, and called both of them the 'model-theoretic definition of logical consequence'. I think the conflation is unfortunate, because the question we discussed in 1.1.1 above, about analytical relations between meanings, is one of the most important questions addressed in the 1936 definition, but it is meaningless for the languages of first-order model theory. Later, during the 1980s, the 'model-theoretic definition of logical consequence' attracted the attention of some philosophers who reassessed it as a contribution to conceptual analysis. Peter in his invitation to me (1) referred to a 'defence of model theory, as far as the foundations of logic are concerned'. I think I'll give this a miss. To me, model theory is a way of addressing certain kinds of question in mathematics, chiefly but not exclusively in geometry, algebra and number theory. The main link to foundations of logic is that some techniques of model theory made their way into axiomatic set theory around 1960 and continue to have an influence in large cardinal theory. |< Prev||CONTENTS||Next >|

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For environmentalists, the reduction goal falls short because mercury is a potent neurotoxin that ends up in the food chain and can lower the intelligence of children whose mothers eat tainted fish during pregnancy. Utility officials contend the timeline - the same one agreed to by about half of all states - will cut emissions while keeping electricity rates low in the state. The Indiana Air Pollution Control Board heard nearly six hours of sometimes heated testimony recently from the two sides before voting 7-4 to preliminarily adopt the minimum federal Clean Air Mercury Rule. That rule requires a 66 percent cut in Indiana's mercury emissions by 2018. However, the state won't actually meet that goal until 2025 because of a provision that allows plants that stay below their mercury cap to bank or sell emission credits to plants exceeding their cap. Environmentalists said swifter action is needed considering the amount of mercury released in the state. In 2005, it came to 6,435 pounds, or more than 3 tons. "This shouldn't take us 20 years to accomplish," said Indra Frank, a member of the Hoosier Environmental Council. Indiana is the nation's fourth-largest mercury emitter, with 23 coal-fired power plants that spew the chemical into the air from smoke that billows from their smokestacks. The state derives 95 percent of its electricity from coal-fired power plants. Mercury, which occurs naturally in coal, enters the food chain through precipitation that has helped lace Indiana's waterways with mercury. It then shows up in fish, leading to statewide advisories against consuming certain fish. Frank, a physician, said pregnant or nursing women who eat mercury-tainted fish unwittingly can cause brain damage in their children because it destroys nerve cells as a child's nervous system is still developing. "The impact can be dramatic, with damage to skills in language, attention and memory," she said. Low-income and minority residents who rely on river-caught fish for substantial portions of their diets are most at risk because they might not know about warnings to avoid eating some fish species or fish of a certain size, Frank said. Tim Maloney, the executive director of the Hoosier Environmental Council, asked the air board during a recent hearing to consider his group's plan, which would reduce mercury emissions 90 percent by 2010. Representatives of the utility industry argued that doing so would lead to big rate hikes for consumers. Stan Pinegar, vice president of the Indiana Energy Association, told the board that the Environmental Protection Agency's minimum mercury rule will cost the Indiana power utilities $64 million to $68 million a year. In contrast, he said the Hoosier Environmental Council's 90 percent proposal would cost $207 million to $373 million a year. Such a costly cut would end the low electricity rates the state enjoys from burning its plentiful coal deposits, helping to fuel Indiana's economic development, Pinegar said. "This is how we're selling our state," said Pinegar, whose group is the trade association for Indiana's utility companies. During a recent meeting, the board also rejected a compromise proposal by another group, Improving Kids' Environment, that called for cutting mercury emissions to 75 percent, instead of 66 percent, and moving up the goal to 2015 from 2018. Air pollution control board member Thomas Anderson, who heads the Michigan City-based Save the Dunes Council, was one of the panel's four members who voted against preliminary adoption of the minimum rule. He said Indiana should follow other states, such as Illinois, that have adopted more aggressive mercury release curbs. Anderson hopes that before the board gives final approval, it changes the rule to include higher reduction goals or a shorter timeframe. "For the purpose of public heath and especially children's health we think that would be an important move in the right direction," he said. Rob Elstro, a spokesman for the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, said the air control board is expected to give the mercury rule final approval sometime this fall. About half of the 50 states have chosen to adopt the minimum EPA rule, while the others have decided it's too weak and are pursuing tougher measures, said Bill Becker, executive director of the National Association of Clean Air Agencies. Under federal rules, states can choose either path for reducing mercury emissions. Becker said the evidence shows that the technological expertise for mercury controls is available right now despite what power industry officials claim. "What we've learned throughout environmental protection's history is the notion of 'build it and they will come.' Set a rule and industry with its wisdom and expertise is able to find cost-effective ways of achieving that reduction," he said.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

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When children become adolescents, their bodies are changing, and they become curious about what’s happening to them. Their hormones are going into overdrive, which can cause them to make poor decisions such as engaging in sexual behavior without any consideration of the consequences. This may result in unwanted pregnancies or an STD. Sexually transmitted diseases occur from person to person after engaging in risky sexual contact – oral, vaginal or anal. Therefore, parents are encouraged to start holding sex education talks with their child with particular importance on STDs, the risks and how to protect themselves from catching one. What To Be Mindful Of There are over 25 known STDs that viruses or bacteria cause. During the early stages, most STDs do not exhibit any symptoms, which is why getting tested is so important. On top of that, STD symptoms can vary significantly. If a teen is experiencing smelly, greenish, grayish or yellow discharge from their private area, they should be immediately taken to their doctor. Any stomach or genital pain, or rashes or sores, are also tell-tale signs of STD. There are some STD symptoms that display some unique symptoms. Syphilis can, not only cause painless genital sores, but it can also cause the lymph glands to swell and later lead to problems in the soles and palms of the infected. Gonorrhea infections can occur in the throat and anus, leading to painful bowel movements, anal discharge and sore throats. HPV (human papillomavirus) will cause itchy warts in the anus, vagina and cervix. Most of these infections go undetected and show no outward symptoms. And, certain HPV infections can cause cervical cancer. People who are first infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) may suffer from symptoms that resemble the flu. If left untreated, it will eventually lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While some sexually transmitted diseases can be cured – gonorrhea and chlamydia – some such as HIV and herpes have no cure but can be managed with prescription medications. Precautions must also be taken to avoid the risk of passing the infection to a partner. Women with untreated STDs can suffer from pelvic inflammatory disease and, eventually, infertility. Untreated HIV and syphilis can be deadly in the later stages. How To Alleviate The Risk It’s very important that parents talk to their teenagers about sex, as it’s the first step to preventing an STD. The topic can be gradually introduced. Begin early – preschool age – about safe touch and private parts. As a child ages, parents can adapt the topic to more adult ones. While talking about sex and STDs is a rather touchy subject in society, it’s imperative for parents to stop avoiding the topic to protect their children. While the best prevention is abstaining from sex – intercourse or contact – it’s good for children to know how to best protect themselves if they do decide to become sexually active. Children should also know that participating in dangerous activities such as drinking alcohol or using drugs increases their chances of engaging in unsafe sex. They should also be made aware that if a person says no, that does not give them the right to continue their sexual advances. The best thing a parent can do is educate their child about how to stay safe. Sexual education can begin at a young age and be tailored to fit the child’s age. Since some STDs are incurable, the best medicine is knowledge.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

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First aid is extremely important for saving lives especially in emergency situations. Knowing what care to provide to an injured person, not only can save his or her life but at the same time it can also help him/her from further health related consequences. The following are some benefits of doing a first aid course: - It helps in saving peoples’ lives - It prevents further complications - It provides reassurance to people who have undergone injury - It relieves the injured person from pain Importance of First Aid First aid course is crucial and it would be right to say that all of us should know about this. It gives a great sense of satisfaction and pride to help an injured person and provide them with medical help. With human life being so unpredictable, it would be a great decision to join a first aid course. This will prove to be of great help during times of emergency. Different Types of First Aid Course Medicine and health is a large field, and there are various things covered under first aid. Things like bandaging patients, taking care of injured children, to check bleeding of a person; there are a lot of different applications when it comes to first aid. If most people are adept at handling injuries, then a lot of lives could be saved. Burns, cuts, heart attacks, seizures, etc. can be reduced with the help of first aid. The courses in this field can be undertaken by common people and also the specialized professionals. Trained people can really alleviate an injured person’s condition while responding to emergency situations in a calm and composed manner. First Aid as a Profession Pursuing a first aid course will really help a person will also help a person to pursue that profession. There are many non-profitable organizations including The Red Cross, which provides first aid to people in distress. These organizations operate in war zones, places prone to environmental hazards such as earthquakes and landslides, etc. Professionals are considered to be good Samaritans of their respective countries and they enjoy governmental perks. Such people are trained to handle sudden catastrophes with ease, and therefore are extremely respectable and in demand. Those Trained in First Aid are a Great Resource From performing CPR to checking excessive bleeding, first aid really helps in preventing further problems and injuries. These trained people are on the side of victims and casualties, trying to help them cope with the trauma. The first aid course also teaches the students to help the victim stay calm in the course of their path to recovery is a noble thing to do. First aid can impact the future treatment of a person, so if it is administered correctly and at the right time, then a lot of lives can be saved. Why must we all be trained in First Aid? Having the knowledge of first aid course is extremely important. Such training can help us become a real asset to our workplace and homes. We will get a good idea about how to handle difficult situations and at the same time can provide essential help in any emergency situation. A small first aid kit is an essential thing to carry. Everyone must carry it in their cars or bags. Having things like band aids, ointments, tablets, etc. could help so that we can help in administering medical immediately help to a number of people. It is best to enroll with the course so that we know about first aid so that medical mishaps can be avoided and handled better.

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Psychologists have long studied how parents affect their child’s development. Finding actual cause-and-effect links between the actions of parents and future behavior of children is very difficult, however. As a parent, your approach to how you raise your child is as unique as you. People cannot just wake up and be a different person because of a recently watched television show or an article they just read. Parenting is a collection of skills and tricks learned over time; it is who you are and transmits your most personal aspects to your child. The structure system that the family has implemented will pave the way for the child’s future. Different structures mean different views on how to parent. Everyone differs on the style of parenting they use, but there are three main parenting styles that are most commonly used. Here is what the Center for Parenting Education describes as the three major styles: Permissive Style, relies most heavily on the nurture role, but without offering enough structure. This parent does not hold the child accountable for cleaning up his items and does not show herself to be the authority figure in the home. Aggressive Style, relies most heavily on the structure role, while not including enough caring and nurture. A parent using this style refuses to listen to the child’s point of view at all and is typically harsh, angry, and cold. Assertive Style, willing to listen and yet still hold firm so that the parent’s and the child’s needs are both basically met. When setting limits, the parent does not get sidetracked, can provide choices, and allows the child an opportunity to participate in finding a solution. “It’s okay to say ‘no’—and in fact, sometimes that’s exactly what your child needs.” -Janet Lehman, MSW The most successful style of parenting is the ASSERTIVE style. This type of parenting builds a strong parent-child relationship and is a cohesive mixture of nurture and structure. The permissive style of indulging our children’s every wish can have unfortunate consequences both for the child and the parent. Children begin feeling entitled to getting what they want, and parents who give in face bigger battles down the road when the child is used to running the show: While the aggressive style parenting can destroy the affection and communication that connects children and parents. The aggressive household can look quite orderly and admirable, but as children grow into teens, they may become secretive. Authoritarian parenting styles generally lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem. Authoritative parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful. Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low in happiness and self-regulation. These children are more likely to experience problems with authority and tend to perform poorly in school. -(Very Well, 2016) We often wonder how we can best create a loving and safe environment in our homes to grow our relationships with our children. The need to nurture our children’s ability to meet the challenges they will confront as they grow and move out into the world is in the forefront of our minds. The kind of discipline you use can have a big influence on their lives as well.

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Distracted drivers, like those who text behind the wheel, are a danger to themselves and to others. Even a brief, momentary glance away from the road can result in life-threatening consequences. Research published Dec. 11 in The BMJ points toward another potential distraction for motorists: the full moon, gracing the sky with its brightness around 12 times a year, and the dazzling supermoon, which comes into focus around once a year. The researchers found that on nights illuminated by a full moon, fatal motorcycle accidents increased by 5 percent compared to nights without a full moon. On evenings when the supermoon decorated the sky, this increased to 32 percent. The study included data from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. While this observational data cannot prove any firm conclusions, the researchers warn drivers of the risks of seemingly minor distractions, urging constant attention while driving at all times. “Drivers face a number of distractions behind the wheel — from texting, to phone calls to road obstructions and more,” said study co-author Eldar Shafir, the Class of 1987 Professor in Behavioral Science and Public Policy and professor of psychology and public affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. “Our study adds to the literature that small distractions can sometimes lead to life-altering consequences.” “Glancing at the full moon takes the motorcyclist’s gaze off the road, which could result in a loss of control,” said the study’s lead author Redelmeier, professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto. “The average ride on a motorcycle is more dangerous than a drunk driver with no seatbelt traveling the same distance. Because of this, we recommend riders and drivers orient their attention, ignore distractions, and continuously monitor their dynamic surroundings.” Redelmeier and Shafir hypothesized that people’s attention may be naturally drawn to a full moon, thereby potentially contributing to fatal motorcycle crashes. To test this, they analyzed data from the official United States registry of motor vehicle crashes from 1975 to 2014, during which time 494 full moons and 65 supermoons appeared. They calculated the number of fatal crashes on full moon nights compared to nights with a quarter moon (one week before and after the full moon). The researchers defined a full moon as the one night each month when the entire facing surface of the moon was illuminated. They also included the rare occasions in which two full moons appeared in the same month. They studied a 16-hour time frame, which they labeled as nighttime motorcycle activity, which fell between 4 p.m. and 8 a.m. The overall study duration spanned 40 consecutive years. They found 4,994 fatal crashes occurred on the nights with a full moon, which is equal to 9.10 crashes per night. In contrast, a total of 8.64 fatal crashes per night occurred on nights without a full moon. Fatalities increased further under a supermoon, amounting to a total of 703 fatal crashes, or 10.82 fatal crashes per night. This means that for every two full moon nights, there was one additional fatal crash. Under the supermoon, this increased to two additional deaths. Overall, there was a total increase of 226 additional fatal crashes on nights with a full moon during the entire study period. “While these figures might seem low on the surface, they are quite significant,” Redelmeier said. “All of these deaths could have been prevented completely by small difference in behavior.” The typical motorcyclist was a middle-aged man riding a street bike with a large engine in a rural location, who experienced a head-on front impact. Less than half were wearing a helmet. Seventy-three percent of the crashes occurred during the hours before midnight, and 27 percent occurred during the hours after midnight. The researchers repeated their analyses in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia and found similar results. The researchers highlight the limitations of the study. For example, other distractions and traffic hazards were not taken into account, and neither were factors including the prevailing weather or moon visibility. And while they used large datasets, like any routinely collected data, errors could have been made when the data was entered. Nevertheless, the study’s findings highlight the importance of safe, careful and attentive driving, under all conditions. “We encourage motorcycle riders to wear a helmet, activate headlights, scan the road surface and be wary of other vehicles,” Redelmeier said. “The best approach to safe driving is reducing as many distractions as possible and keeping alert behind the wheel.” “That’s good advice for all the rest of us who don’t ride motorcycles, too,” Shafir said.

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From Rossini to Verdi The 19th century in Italy brought some of the best known operas of all. These are found first of all in Rossini, a master of comedy, as in Il barbiere di Siviglia (The Barber of Seville), in which the barber Figaro abets his master Count Almaviva in his wooing of Rosina and the gulling of her guardian, old Doctor Bartolo. Rossini also tackled more serious subjects, as in his heroic melodrama Tancredi , with its ingredients of love, jealousy, misunderstanding and final resolution either, as in the first version, in a conventional happy ending, or, as in the revised version, in the hero's death. Tancredi provides a demanding title- ròle characteristic of the so- called bel canto style that Rossini so much admired. This involved a fine voice and the flexibility and evenness of tone to cope with elaborately florid vocal writing. In Italian opera Rossini was followed by Bellini and Donizetti. The former had a mastery of extended lyrical melodies, shown in the intense romanticism of operas like Norma , with its story of love and heroic self- sacrifice by the Druid priestess of the title. Donizetti showed an equally marked dramatic sense, exemplified in Lucia di Lammermoor , based on the novel by Sir Walter Scott and including what became a popular operatic element, a mad scene for the heroine. His sense of comedy is evident in L'elisir d'amore (The Elixir of Love), with its quack doctor and forlorn lover, and in Don Pasquale , the fooling of the elderly bachelor of the title by a pair of young lovers, anxious to be united. Stock characters of Italian comedy occur in both. The 1840s brought to prominence one of the greatest of all operatic composers. Verdi held a leading position in Italian opera for some half a century and continues to dominate operatic repertoire. From Nabucco (Nebuchadnezzar) in 1842 to Falstaff in 1893 he served, as he claimed, in the galley, to produce masterpiece after masterpiece. In these he created a very personal amalgamation of current trends of increased dramatic power and cogency, influenced at times by France and at times by Germany, but always essentially Italian in his own idiom. His career coincided with the rise of Italian nationalism and often his operas suggested a contemporary relevance. This is found, for example, in the chorus of Hebrew slaves in Nabucco and in the chorus of the oppressed people of Scotland in his Shakespearean Macbeth . It was Shakespeare, whose work had a new appeal in a period of relative freedom from earlier classical convention, who inspired Verdi's last two operas, the tragedy Otello and the fine comedy of Falstaff , based on The Merry Wives of Windsor. Verismo and Puccini The later years of the century brought verismo (realism), a reflection of current literary trends, in Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana (Rustic Chivalry), a down- to- earth story of love and jealousy in a village, peasant setting, and Leoncavallo's Pagliacci (Players). This last brought to the opera a police- court murder case, in which a jealous actor had killed his faithless wife on the stage. Pagliacci provides a famous example of the dramatic treatment of drama itself, a contrast between the actor himself and the part he is forced to play. Realism of this kind had its effect on Puccini, whose operas form a major part of modern repertoire, from Manon Lescaut and Tosca to Turandot . While he might seek the exotic in the Japanese setting of Madama Butterfly or the China of Turandot , in Tosca, in spite of its historical setting, he presented a story of political intrigue, murder and deception of contemporary relevance. Puccini too was able, like Verdi, to provide a successful synthesis of current musical and dramatic trends. 20 th Century Opera has, of course, continued in Italy, both in its more traditional form and in modern experiment. The story has not ended. The later 20 th century offers obvious difficulties of succinct summary, with the general musical eclecticism that has characterized music and the other arts.

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Every business or organization needs buildings to effectively run their operations. Your budget, purpose, and the length of time in which the structure will be in use will determine the type of building you will construct. You can opt for permanent or prefabricated buildings, otherwise known as modular buildings. Prefabricated buildings have become very popular recently because of their numerous benefits. They are quick to construct, cost-effective, durable, and even elegant in their own way. As a result, businesses and organizations are switching to these buildings. They can be used for storage purposes, classrooms, and even churches. The manner in which the construction of prefabricated buildings is carried out can give you the impression that buildings of this kind cannot be used for a long period of time. This can be true since in most cases temporary buildings are prefabricated, but is it always the case? What are prefabricated buildings? The structure components used in creating prefabricated buildings are manufactured offsite and then transported to the site where they will be put together. These components are designed in a way that putting additional sections onto the original structure is easy. The construction of these buildings is very quick, so they are the best option when sorting out immediate needs. Prefabricated buildings are commonly constructed using steel, aluminum frames, and sometimes PVC. Steel buildings are a very good example of prefabricated buildings. Many warehouses these days are prefabricated. After all, there is no need to spend too much on permanent structures when prefabricated structures can effectively sort your needs out. Construction of prefabricated buildings is not a new concept The idea of prefabricated buildings can be traced back to as early as the 1600s. They were first widely used in 1880s during the California Gold Rush, which created a significant demand for houses. After the Second World War, there was a huge shortage of houses in Britain. A team of engineers borrowed the concept of prefabricated buildings from America. The buildings were initially supposed to exist for ten years as the government built more permanent homes, but some of these buildings still exist today. Ever since then, the construction of prefabricated buildings has been gaining momentum up until the 21st century where many organizations are seriously considering them. The construction of prefabricated buildings has been sparked by a rise in need for housing and dissatisfaction with the current construction methods. Types of prefabricated buildings There are two types of prefabricated buildings with both having characteristics that enable them perform certain functions effectively. They include: Relocatable prefabricated buildings These buildings are intended for temporary use. They are usually smaller and can be transported to the site to help with functions like disaster relief, medical clinics, temporary housing for workers, and as temporary offices. The buildings are not permanently installed on the site and can be easily removed once they have served their purpose. Permanent prefabricated buildings These buildings are usually bigger and are often assembled on site. They are intended to last for a very long period of time. These buildings can be used in several industries for various functions. They can be used in sectors like hospitality, education, retail, as office buildings, and for student housing. The word “prefabricated” makes many people think that prefabricated buildings are temporary. Though we do have temporary prefabricated buildings, we have seen that permanent ones also exist. Prefabricated buildings are not always temporary and can be permanent and long-lasting just like any other permanent building structure.

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The reputation of the world-renowned theoretical physicist and humanitarian Albert Einstein may be tainted in the wake of the recently published travel diaries that unveil his racist views, in particular on the Chinese. Published by Princeton University Press, the diaries date back to 1920s, the time when the famous Austrian physicist was extensively traveling with his wife Elsa. In late 1922 they embarked on a five-and-a-half-month journey to the Far East and the Middle East. They traveled to Singapore, China, Japan, and briefly sojourned in Palestine before concluding the whirlwind tour in Spain. In manuscripts, he apparently never intended to publish, Einstein shared his travel impressions about art, politics, science, philosophy and ultimately, racial equality. In striking contradiction with his later statements, the Nobel Prize laureate wrote down thoughts on racial stereotypes, insisting that some races not only could not equate to others, but were inferior to them. He described the Chinese as “industrious, filthy, obtuse” and “a peculiar herd-like nation,” that, according to Einstein, posed threat to other nations. “It would be a pity if these Chinese supplant all other races,” he wrote. “For the likes of us the mere thought is unspeakably dreary.” With the entry going shockingly against Einstein’s reputation of a civil rights advocate, the public release of the diary could have an effect of two black holes colliding. Born in Germany and of Jewish descent, Einstein condemned both the rise of the German National Socialist Party, and later all forms of racism, defining it a “disease of white people.” In 1946, during his speech at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, focused on fighting racism, he claimed that “being a Jew” himself he could “understand and empathize with how black people feel as victims of discrimination”. Ze’ev Rosenkranz, the senior editor of the published diaries, told the Guardian that Einstein’s diary entries on the alleged intellectual inferiority of the Japanese, Chinese, and Indians stemming from their biological background “are definitely not understated and can be viewed as racist.” With many people looking up to Einstein as both a moral role model and one of the greatest physicists of all time who introduced the theory of general relativity, the revelations on what Rosenkranz called “a clear hallmark of racism” could now tarnish the popular science icon.

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Finally! A New Study Reveals How Much Exercise We Actually Need In an era of slow fitness, it probably comes as little surprise that we don't need to exercise nearly as much as previously thought in the name of longevity. In a large new study published on this topic, researchers concluded from studying exercise habits of 130,000 people that just 150 minutes of exercise per week can help you live longer. Just to break that down for you, that's 30 minutes of exercise, five days per week. And you don't have to spend those minutes logging seven-minute miles on the treadmill, either: In this case, exercise includes walking and even cleaning your house. In a world where the only exercise required of you is doing the dishes and cleaning your bathtub, is it still worth it to attend your weekly 6 a.m. spin class and hit the yoga studio after a stressful day at work? Lead study author Scott Lear doesn't think so. "I would dispel the notion of having to put out money to be active," he says. "Our findings indicate that non-recreational activity—work, housework, active transportation—is just as beneficial in reducing the risk for premature death and heart disease." But before you cancel your monthly yoga membership and throw away your running shoes, we chatted with two mental health experts who believe that if you want to reap the mental benefits of regular exercise, your workout shouldn't end with your commute. The case for reducing stress and producing endorphins. Integrative neurologist Dr. Ilene Ruhoy says that while all movement is better than no movement, cleaning your house doesn't replace the tremendous benefits of dedicated exercise. "I think the point of the research showing how little you have to do is to suggest we should not become sedentary beings just because we have televisions and computers," she explains. "But in reality, we need to challenge the muscles, nerves, heart, and lungs. Evolutionarily, we were meant to run, bend, reach, jump, and climb." She adds that heart-pumping exercise comes with unique stress-reducing benefits, not to mention the ability to produce endorphins like nothing else. "Beyond that, we can choose to make it a time with friends or make it time for solitude," she says. "We can decide what activity we do instead of just doing the chores we have to do to get movement in our lives. So, yes, move around and don't sit for long periods of time. Take the stairs instead of the escalator. But try to engage in regular heart-pumping, body-bending exercise on a regular basis because you will get many more benefits." Exercise is the ultimate form of self-care. In a world where we're prioritizing self-help in self-care, it doesn't get much better than exercise, and psychotherapist Nathalie Theodore calls working out the ultimate form of self-care. "The endorphin boost helps improve mood, and it’s a great way to de-stress from the aggravations of everyday life," she says. "Exercise is also very empowering. Oftentimes, people start an exercise regime and are surprised at what they’re capable of achieving. This can be a great boost for self-esteem and can empower someone to make other positive changes in their lives." She adds that exercise as a way to build a strong community has endless benefits—like the people you look forward to seeing at your aforementioned 6 a.m. cycling class. "Exercise can provide a social outlet and sense of community. Running with a group or joining a yoga studio are great ways to connect with friends and meet new people." In other words, some movement is always better than no movement—but don't roll up your yoga mat just yet. Want to learn more about what types of benefits exercise has on the body and brain? Here's how yoga changes your DNA—and why that's important. And are you ready to learn how to fight inflammation and address autoimmune disease through the power of food? Join our 5-Day Inflammation Video Summit with mindbodygreen’s top doctors.

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Neuroscientists at UCLA, Harvard University and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology have identified a three-pronged treatment that triggers axons to regrow after complete spinal cord injury in rodents. In addition to facilitating axon growth through scar tissue, the treatment enabled the transmission of signals across the damaged tissue, the Nature study reports. If researchers can produce similar results in human studies, the findings could lead to a therapy to restore axon connections in people living with spinal cord injury. “The idea was to deliver a sequence of three very different treatments and test whether the combination could stimulate disconnected axons to regrow across the scar in the injured spinal cord,” says lead author Michael Sofroniew (David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA). “Previous studies had tested each of the three treatments separately, but never together. The combination proved to be the key.” According to Sofroniew, many decades of research have shown that human nerve fibres need three things to grow: genetic programming to switch on axonal growth; a molecular pathway for the fibres to grow along; and a protein trail that entices the axons to grow in a particular direction. All three of these conditions are active when humans develop in the womb. After birth, these processes shut down, but the genes that control the growth programmes are dormant. Sofroniew’s goal was to re-start gene expression. First, the researchers reactivated nerve cells in the spinal cords of mice by injecting a treatment packaged in a viral vector initially developed in the lab of Zhigang He (Harvard, Cambridge, USA). Two weeks later, the UCLA team anesthetised the animals and disconnected the axons in their lower spinal cords. Only the rodents’ hind legs were affected and they could still move and feed. Two days after injury, the team administered a second treatment into the lesion to create new pathways on which axons prefer to grow. Finally, the researchers released a third set of molecules called chemo-attractants. The axons target these chemo-attractants, and therefore the spinal cord tissue remaining on the other side of the scar from the injury. When Sofroniew and his colleagues examined the tissue of mice who underwent the three-part treatment, they were jubilant. “Not only had axons grown robustly through the scar tissue,” Sofroniew recalls, “but many fibres had penetrated into the remaining spinal cord tissue on the other side of the lesion and made new connections with neurons there.” Animals who did not undergo the combined treatment exhibited no axon regrowth across the injury lesion. To test the reproducibility of their findings, the team repeated the experiment multiple times in mice at UCLA and in rats in the lab of Swiss neuroscientist Gregoire Courtine (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland). The results proved equally robust. Sofroniew and colleagues received another surprise when they tested whether newly regrown axons could conduct electrical activity in live animals. “When we stimulated the animal’s spinal cord with a low electrical current above the injury site, the regrown axons conducted 20% of normal electrical activity below the lesion,” comments Sofroniew. “In contrast, the untreated animals exhibited none.” Despite the finding suggesting that the newly formed connections can conduct signals across the injury, the rodents’ ability to move did not improve. This was not unexpected, according to Sofroniew. “We expect that these regrown axons will behave like axons newly grown during development—they do not immediately support coordinated functions,” explains Sofroniew. “Much like a new-born must learn to walk, axons that regrow after injury will require training and practice before they can recover function.” The research team will next explore how to retrain newly wired circuits to restore movement. This research was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Foundation, the International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia; ALARME Foundation, Association Song Taaba, Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, the European Research Council, Paralyzed Veterans Foundation of America, Swiss National Science Foundation, Microscopy Core Resource of UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center; Microscopy Core Resource of the Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering; and Wings for Life.

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Researchers studying the symbiotic relationship between methane-oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria have made a surprising discovery. The team, led by Caltech geobiology professor Victoria Orphan, found that these symbiotic microbes share energy in the form of electrons. This is the first report of such interspecies electron transport, and it explains how these microbes are able to share resources over relatively long distances. The archaea and bacteria aggregate to form “consortia” in marine and freshwater sediments that are low in oxygen but high in methane and sulfur. The consortium performs “anaerobic oxidation of methane” (AOM), a process that provides energy for the consortium and drastically decreases the amount of methane released into the atmosphere. (Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, as explained by the video below.) Orphan and her team knew that microbes in the consortium worked together to perform AOM, and they predicted that cells in the consortium would be organized in a way that allowed them to share metabolites by simple diffusion. That is, metabolites would essentially drift between cells. The team used an isotope tracer to determine which cells within the consortium were metabolically active. What they found, was that the microbes shared metabolites effectively regardless of their spatial organization. In other words, it appeared that metabolites were being shared between cells across relatively long distances, a finding that couldn’t be explained by simple diffusion. The team turned to computer modeling and verified that the only metabolites able to cross relatively long distances were electrons. While interspecies electron transfer had never been observed, electron transfer among the genus Geobacter is well characterized. These bacteria use extracellular multi-heme cytochrome (MHC) proteins to transport electrons between cells. Orphan and her team searched for, and found, MHC-like genes in their methane-oxidizing archaea. (Only a few methane-oxidizing archaea genomes are sequenced because they are difficult to grow. Some species only reproduce four times a year!) They also used electron microscopy and a diagnostic stain for MHCs to show that, like Geobacter, their methane-oxidizing archaea expressed cell-surface MHCs. Taken together, Orphan proposes a model in which methane is oxidized and the resulting electrons are transferred to extracellular MHC proteins. From there, the electrons confer conductivity to the extracellular matrix separating the methane-oxidizing bacteria and their sulfate-reducing partners.

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Saffraan – een wondermiddel, zelfs bij kanker Onderzoek toont aan dat saffraan kankercellen aanvalt, op meerdere fronten en in elke fase van de ziekte. Noot 1: we hebben ervoor gekozen de publicatie niet te vertalen. Noot 2: saffraan is bijvoorbeeld in Spanje heel betaalbaar in zuivere vorm te verkrijgen bij elke supermarkt kassa. Saffron might not be a spice you find yourself reaching for very often, but perhaps it should be, as research shows it can attack cancer cells at every stage of the disease. Chinese traditional medicine has long been aware of the virtues of saffron, which has played a vital role in healing for many years, but now the Western world is starting to give this spice the credit it deserves as it has shown the potential to prevent and even reverse several aggressive types of cancer. Here’s a look at some of the ways in which saffron can fight the disease. Inflammation plays a vital part in cancer development, and saffron has potent anti-inflammatory effects. Researchers have said the spice’s inflammation-blocking properties are a big reason it has performed so well in animal and cell studies as a cancer treatment. Preventing cancer growth Saffron contains three carotenoids – safranal, crocin and crocetin – that can stop cancer from forming in the first place. Studies in cells and animals alike have shown that these antioxidant plant pigments inhibit triggers for the carcinogenic process, including free radical oxidative damage, viruses, environmental toxins, inflammation and radiation. It does this by actively protecting the DNA in cells from damage and mutation, essentially stopping cancer from growing. Animal studies have shown that saffron extract can prevent tumors from forming when taken orally prior to exposure to a lab-produced carcinogen. Starving tumors of nutrients and oxygen Tumors can’t live without nutrients, oxygen and blood, and the three carotenoids in saffron suppress the process used by tumors to create new blood vessels. It’s believed that the spice can reverse cancer growth as a study shows the crocetin it contains can cause pancreatic tumors to regress. Lowering destructive enzyme production In their quest to spread throughout the body, cancer cells use matrix metalloproteinase, or MMP, to destroy the protein matrix that is found between the cells in healthy tissue. The crocetin in saffron can stop breast cancer cells from producing MMP, thereby minimizing their invasiveness and stopping them from making their way into the healthy tissues that surround them. It also reduces the levels of another enzyme that is important in tumor progression and cancer invasiveness known as gelatinase. Spurring cell death Cancer cells can grow unchecked because they’re essentially invulnerable to the programmed cell death that normally regulates the growth of cells. However, the antioxidants in saffron can reverse this process by prompting cancer cells to commit suicide. This effect is even seen in some of the more aggressive cancers that have long stumped doctors, including those of the lungs, stomach and liver. For example, a study that was published in Hepatology demonstrated how saffron caused cell death and blocked inflammation in liver cancer. Reducing the negative side effects of chemotherapy Much of the excitement over saffron’s potential as a cancer treatment stems from the fact that the current offerings leave a lot to be desired. Chemotherapy is full of negative side effects, not the least of which is its ability to cause DNA chemical changes they can activate cancer genes and bring about mutations that promote cancer. While replacing profitable treatments like chemotherapy with natural ingredients in mainstream medicine is going to be a bit of an uphill battle, saffron can also work alongside chemotherapy to help minimize its damage. For example, in a study published in Human and Experimental Toxicology, mice who had taken saffron for five days prior to receiving one of three common anti-tumor drugs noted significantly less DNA damage, due in part the fact that the saffron prevented fragile DNA strands from breaking. Once again, the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine has yielded a promising treatment for a modern illness. How many lives could be saved if these findings are used to develop a safer alternative to chemotherapy?

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Resisting ill democracy An “ill democracy” is a country in which the government, through abusing its majority, manipulates legislative norms and impedes the functioning of democratic institutions, and threatens the independence of democratic pillars. Illiberal governments threaten the very structural elements of functioning democracies, transforming what were successful democratic countries into democracies that are sick. They place limitations on the right to freedom of assembly and association and launch attacks on human rights defenders. The aim is to limit the peaceful expression of dissenting views. A strong and independent civil society plays a crucial role in countering illiberal trends and upholding the fundamental rights that underpin democratic societies. The ability for human rights organisations to assume their watchdog functions, and the right of citizens to access information and to participate fully in public life, are cornerstones of a pluralistic, democratic society. Despite this, illiberal governments accuse human rights defenders of being traitors who work against the national interest or threaten traditional values, or in some cases these States offer impunity to those that target human rights defenders with such accusations. “Democracies are open to dialogue with their international partners and with the different multilateral fora they participate in. Rebuffing recommendations and attempting to delegitimise those who convey them only leads to isolation and weakening of the State’s international reputation.” Małgorzata Szuleka, lawyer at the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights. This propaganda and state policy promoting traditional values makes a distinction between human rights defenders and the rest of the society. This isolates human rights defenders and makes them more vulnerable. It makes it easier to attack them and to target their organisations, as persons who are destroying the key values of the society. This stigmatisation within society also makes it harder for organisations to recruit new skilled people or to involve experts to work with human rights organisations. States advocating “traditional values” and “illiberal” democratic values in reality aim at raising their own cultural norms and particularities above international law and standards, hence undermining universal human rights as a principle. Resisting Ill Democracies in Europe The case-study Resisting Ill Democracies in Europe documents illiberal trends in Croatia, Hungary, Poland and Serbia. It draws on the first-hand information and research provided by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) from the four countries, benefitting from their diverse national perspectives and different realities. The case-study, available in English, Croatian, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, and Serbian, was published by the Centre for Peace Studies (Croatia), Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (Poland), Hungarian Civil Liberties Union, Hungarian Helsinki Committee, Yucom – Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights (Serbia), Human Rights House Zagreb, and Human Rights House Foundation. Read more about the case study Resisting Ill Democracies and its launch events held across Europe.

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Gran Sol may have 'plenty of fish in the sea', but its seabirds are declining Seabirds are among the most threatened groups of birds in the world. Seabird bycatch (the accidental killing of birds as they are caught during fishing) is regarded as one of the major threats for many seabird species, particularly petrels, albatrosses and shearwaters. Investigating the phenomenon and finding solutions is one of BirdLife International’s priorities. Since the recognition of the problem in the late 1980s, research and conservation action have been focused on longline fishing fleets operating in the southern oceans, where many albatross species were experiencing sharp declines (BirdLife’s Albatross Task Force [ATF] was created to help deal with this). However, there’s increasing evidence that the problem extends to other regions as well, including Europe, and involves several types of gear. The European Commission finally recognised the problem in 2012 with the publication of the EU Action Plan for reducing incidental catches of seabirds in fishing gears, and in 2014, BirdLife International created the Seabird Task Force (STF, with funding from Fondation Segré) to find ways to prevent bycatch, for now focused on two problem areas, namely the Baltic and Mediterranean seas. It is considering working with fisheries in the Atlantic Ocean as the next step, and Gran Sol, a fishing ground located west of the UK in the Atlantic Ocean, is one place that urgently needs it. In 2006-2007, an observer from SEO (BirdLife in Spain), Álvaro Barros, participated in three fishing trips to the region (lasting about two weeks each at different times of the year: October, February-March and August). SEO detected worrying seabird bycatch rates. Each trip saw 48 to 141 birds caught, most of them (83%) dead. The main species captured were the Great Shearwater (Ardenna gravis), the Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), the Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and the Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus). The Gran Sol hosts a fishing fleet that includes about 50 demersal longline vessels (which fish along the sea floor). The majority of them are from Spain. This fleet targets hake, using the traditional piedra-bola system (a line with hooks hanging of it regularly, which hangs near the bottom with alternating weights and buoys). Extrapolated to the whole fleet, the SEO observations on bycatch might represent the death of several thousands of birds per year. However, previous trips carrying observers from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) reported very few captures of birds, which leads to important questions. Were the bycatch rates of the three trips unusually high? Do bycatch rates differ substantially between areas within the whole region of Gran Sol and surrounding banks? Are there substantial differences between vessels? To better understand the problem and try to find solutions, BirdLife has approached the Spanish fleet, seeking their collaboration. Recently, we visited the fishing port of Burela, in northeast Galicia, which hosts most of the Spanish vessels operating in Gran Sol. We visited a demersal longliner and discussed the details of the gear with the skippers, and arranged to organise a workshop with the fleet before the end of this year. The final aim will be to collaborate with the fisheries to assess the problem and find effective solutions to minimise bycatch.

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Habitat gardens are purposeful, planned and planted areas that support our native flora and fauna ecosystems. These gardens follow a few steps that promote healthy life cycles for pollinators and create pockets or bridges that help connect the fragmentation of our natural areas. In all geographic areas, plant, animal and insect species evolved together over millennia. They support each other and keep our natural world functioning and in balance. Introduction and spread of non-native plant and insect varieties have been systematically endangering our original, native plants and pollinators. Pesticides, urban sprawl, improper land and watershed practices further impact and destroy necessary areas for native plants and creatures to flourish. These factors contribute to what is known as habitat fragmentation in local ecosystems. Everyone can make a habitat garden. Each garden promotes pockets and bridges that encourage plant and pollinator activities and sustainability. Habitat gardens can be as small as a well-planned container planting or as large as acres of purposefully planted meadow and everything in between. Some examples to get you thinking include a dedicated raised bed, curb planting, front or backyard bed that reduces lawn area, pollinator planting row between rows of a vegetable garden, native flowering shrubs for a hedge, or a section of bee lawn. Using native plants and a variety of pollen- and nectar-producing flowers are beneficial. Requirements for a certified habitat garden include at least three food sources for pollinators, two sources of shelter, one source of water, two areas for mating, bearing, and raising young, and two actions that help manage your habitat in a sustainable way. What is sustainability? Sustainability is maintaining your landscape in an environmentally friendly way that ensures the soil, air and water that native wildlife (and people) rely upon stay clean and healthy. Soil and water conservation tips include: capture rainwater from your roof; use drip or soaker hoses for irrigation to limit water use; reduce erosion with native ground covers and terraces; use natural mulch; control or do not use exotic species; practice integrated pest management (IPM) by only using chemical pesticides and fertilizers as a last resort; remove non-native plants that pop up and replace them with native plants; reduce lawn areas; and compost. Food sources for pollinators (butterflies, hummingbirds, bees and more) can include nectar, seeds, nuts, fruits, berries, foliage, pollen and insects. Shelter sources are roosting boxes, bramble thicket, wooded area, rock pile, conifer/evergreen trees and shrubs, ground cover plants and also native plants that form natural thickets. Water sources can be a simple birdbath, shallow dish of water, rain garden, water garden or small pond. Other water sources may include natural features such as ponds, lakes, rivers, springs, vernal pools, wetlands/marshes that are on or border your property. Wildlife need clean drinking water to survive. Birds need to bathe in order to keep their feathers in good working order. To support their young, pollinators and other wildlife need mature trees (even a dead tree), dense shrubs, nesting boxes, meadow or prairie, place to burrow, host plants or brush pile. The Penn State Extension Master Gardener Program offers guidelines and certification for pollinator-friendly gardens. Steps for certification, as well as application, can be found at https://ento.psu.edu/pollinators/public-outreach/cert/cert-steps-main. There are also other organizations, such as the Audubon Society and the North American Butterfly Association, that offer certifications for habitat gardens. If you have gardening or insect questions, contact Penn State Master Gardeners’ Garden Hotline at email@example.com, or 724-371-2062. Also consider applying for Master Gardener Basic Training with classes beginning in September. For more information on becoming a Master Gardener, go to https://extension.psu.edu/programs/master-gardener/basic-training or call 724-774-3020. Applications are due Aug. 31. Cynthia Pegash is a Master Gardener with Penn State Extension — Beaver County.

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The MSU Libraries have an extensive scholarly collection on gender studies, including academic journals, books and ebooks, and conference proceedings. Within Special Collections, our focus is on collecting individual voices. Our transgender-related collections include memoirs, advice books informed by personal experience, newsletters exchanged among small groups, zines, and activist publications. “Transgender” is a word that has come into widespread use only in the past couple of decades, [so] its meanings are still under construction. I use it in this book to refer to people who move away from the gender they were assigned at birth, people who cross over (trans-) the boundaries constructed by their culture… It is the movement across a socially imposed boundary away from an unchosen starting place -- rather than any particular destination or mode of transition -- that best characterizes the concept of “transgender” that I want to develop here. Susan Stryker, Transgender History Public advocacy for gay, bisexual and transgender men and women dates back to 1897 and the establishment in Germany of the “Scientific-Humanitarian Committee,” led by physician Magnus Hirschfeld. The Main Library has English translations of a number of his works, which can be checked out. Of particular interest: 100 Years of the Gay Rights Movement in Germany (held in Special Collections) is an overview of Hirschfeld and the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee. In the 1930s, after the development of antibiotics radically decreased the risks of surgery, a few physicians in Europe began to offer surgical procedures to transgender individuals who wished to change genders. This was known as transsexualism; the term transgender was not yet in common use. One of the earliest was Lili Elbe, whose life inspired the novel and film The Danish Girl. Other transgender pioneers who discussed their transformation publicly were Christine Jorgensen and Jan Morris. ♦ Works about undergoing gender reassignment are cataloged with the subject headings transsexuals or transsexualism. Left: Christine Jorgensen editing film. While still living as a man, she had trained as a photographer. From A Personal Autobiography (1967). Transvestites were heterosexual men who dressed as women, whether secretly or openly, and many were careful to define themselves as unlike those who wished to change genders. Virginia Prince, a leader in transvestism circles, authored several books and started the magazine Transvestia. The organization she started, Foundation for Personality Expression (FPE), reflected her belief that cross-dressing was a way for straight men to express feminine elements of their personality. ♦ Transvestia magazine ♦ Transvestism vs. transsexualism from the Transvestia/FPE perspective: ♦ Works about cross dressing are cataloged with the subject headings transvestites or transvestism. Transgender issues took on a new political life with the publication of Leslie Feinberg’s pamphlet Transgender Liberation: A Movement Whose Time Has Come (1992). Around this time, the term transgender began to eclipse transvestite and transsexual. The gay rights movement expanded its scope to include transgender issues, and the acronym LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) became commonplace. One of the best-documented examples of disagreement about including transwomen in women-only cultural spaces has been the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, which was held annually from 1976 to 2015. Special Collections is currently processing an archive which will offer several primary sources on this topic. Other items of interest in Special Collections: Zines are a form of independent media, produced and published by individuals without corporate involvement. Special Collections has strong holdings of music fanzines, science fiction fanzines, personal and political zines, and fanfiction zines. Personal and political zines have become an important forum for discussion of trans issues. ♦ One of the earliest trans zines was Girly, published in London in the mid-1990s. ♦ The Transgender Oral History Project has published original work and distributed reprints of earlier writings. ♦ Locate trans zines in Special Collections with a keyword search for (trans or transgender) and zines. ♦ Find comic books and comic art zines with trans characters in Special Collections.

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Preventative dentistry is the continuous maintenance of your teeth and oral health. It is the single most effective way to eliminate costly dental problems and painful emergencies. Our goal for every patient is to help avoid preventable problems with good hygiene and regular maintenance in the dental office and at home. Your personalized "check-up" interval, which is usually six months, depending on your dental health, helps to protect you from dental problems before they become more serious. Routine Home Dental Care Brush your teeth after every meal, floss at least once every day; before bedtime is best. - Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. - Clean between teeth daily with floss. Decay-causing bacteria linger between teeth where toothbrush bristles can’t reach. Flossing removes plaque and food particles from between the teeth and under the gum line. - Use an anti-bacterial mouthwash to help fight against plaque buildup in hard-to-reach places. - Eat a balanced diet and limit between-meal snacks. - Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and oral exams. Routine Dental Cleanings & Examinations The best defenses against dental disease are routine professional cleanings and examinations. Doc Kelly checks his patients for dental decay and periodontal (gum) disease, and he also regularly examines for any signs of oral cancer. Dental cleanings are necessary to prevent cavities, gingivitis, and gum disease. Cleaning and polishing teeth leave their surfaces smooth. A smooth surface makes it difficult for bacteria to stick and tartar to form on them. We use a highly effective ultrasonic device. The vibrations emitted remove tartar and loosen plaque. Once the teeth have been cleaned of tartar and plaque, they are polished with a slow speed handpiece using a dental polishing paste. To help strengthen the tooth enamel, your dental hygienist may also apply a fluoride treatment. Preventative services and products available in our office include: - Routine dental cleanings - Comprehensive and routine oral examinations - Oral cancer screening - Computer-assisted periodontal charting - Dental sealants - Fluoride treatments - Digital X-rays - Sonicare™ electric toothbrushes - Athletic mouthguards Scaling & Root Planing Scaling and root planing are cleaning techniques in non-surgical periodontal therapy where a hygienist removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line. Curettes and scalers are specially designed instruments used for manually cleaning and smoothing the tooth's surface. They are curved and shaped to match the curves of the teeth. Bacterial toxins irritate the gums and cause them to detach from the teeth. It is important to remove plaque and tartar from the gum pockets because the rough surfaces of tartar are a breeding ground for bacteria.

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Warts are noncancerous skin growths. According to Medical News Today, they are caused by the human papilomavirus, which causes skin cells to multiply too rapidly. Although warts come in many varieties, a wart that develops on the shoulder is most likely to be a common wart, which make up 74 percent of all warts, notes Medical News Today. Common warts are a viral infection and can be flesh-colored, pink, white or tanned. They are raised growths, rough to the touch and can multiply quickly. MayoClinic.com notes that they can contain black dots known as seeds which are, in fact, clotted blood vessels. Other types of warts generally occur on the genitals or plantar surfaces like the sole of the feet and so are unlikely to be a concern for a wart on the shoulder. The human papillomavirus that is responsible for warts can be spread from person to person easily. It can be caught by simply touching a towel or object used by a person with the HPV virus, notes MayoClinic.com. Children and young adults are most at risk along with people with compromised immune systems, including those with HIV or other diseases. Cracks in your skin or biting your fingernails can cause warts to spread more quickly. You can treat warts at home with salicylic acid. MayoClinic.com recommends using a patch or solution of salicylic acid with 17 percent strength. After soaking the wart area in warm water for 10 to 20 minutes, the product can be applied. Carried out daily it can help peel off infected skin. Duct tape is a more crude treatment. A study showed that covering warts with duct tape for six days before rubbing with a pumice stone was effective. Surgical removal of warts is normally the last resort because it can cause scarring. A dermatologist might use liquid nitrogen to freeze the wart, causing blistering underneath the wart, which allows it to slough off. A substance derived from the blister beetle called cantharidin can be applied to the wart and create the same blistering effect, notes MayoClinic.com. Topical application of retinoid creams or injections of bleomycin medications are other possible treatments. Most warts will not need treatment and will disappear within two years. However, because of the viral nature of warts, more can develop nearby. Indeed, Medical News Today notes that if you are susceptible to warts, they can often reoccur, even after successful treatment. Warts might not appear until months after the initial HPV was contracted. Consult your doctor if you have a wart that you find bothersome. - ChesiireCat/iStock/Getty Images

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The Vision of Wangari Maathai: One person can make a difference "Taking Root" weaves a compelling and dramatic narrative of one woman's personal journey in the context of the turbulent political and environmental history of her country. Raised in the rural highlands of Kenya, and educated in the United States during the 1960s civil rights era, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Maathai discovered the heart of her life's work by reconnecting with the rural women with whom she had grown up. They told her that their daily lives had become intolerable: they were walking longer distances for firewood, clean water had become scarce, the soil was disappearing from their fields, and their children were suffering from malnutrition. Maathai thought to herself, "Well, why not plant trees?" Trees provide shade, prevent soil erosion, supply firewood and building materials, and produce nutritious fruit to combat malnutrition. With this realization Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, a grassroots organization encouraging rural women to plant trees. "Taking Root" documents dramatic confrontations and captures Maathai's infectious determination and unwavering courage. Today there are more than 6,000 Green Belt nurseries throughout Kenya that generate income for 150,000 people, and thirty-five million trees have deeply altered the physical and social landscape of the country. "Taking Root“ is suitable for larger screenings and school screenings (upper schools, vocational schools etc.). A shortened film version (e.g. for tv broadcasting or school screenings) is available at: Filme für eine Welt (English with German and French subtitles). Selected as prime-time film at the Films for the Earth Festival 2012. "Taking Root“ is an intelligent, touching film that is easy to follow. Based on remarkable interviews, the film offers a wide range of solutions and focuses strongly on the preservation of our natural environment. "Taking Root“ is packed with information and empirical examples and explains contexts very well. The film shows the impact of human activities on our planet explicitly, maintaining an appropriate balance. The film convinces with objectivity and good journalistic research. "Taking Root“ is emotionally involving and motivates the viewers to take action. It also allows to gain a planetary perspective, raises our sense of responsibility as well as compassion and a sense of love. In view of the technical performance, the film is well structured but not very entertaining (the first half of the film is more exciting than the second one). "Taking Root“ contains rarely shown images which are moreover very informative. Film music and cut are good, camerawork ok. |Director(s):||Lisa Merton, Alan Dater| |Production:||Marlboro Production, Lisa Merton, Alan Dater| |Actors:||Wangari Muta Maathai, Lilian Wanjiru Njehu, Kamoji Wachiira, Vertistine Mbaya, Njogu Kahare, Leah Kisomo, Kinyanjui Kiuno, Njorongo Makanga, Naomi Kabura Mukunu, Kang'ethe Mungai, Moses Ndiritu Muta, Fredrick Njau| |Our age recommendation:||14| |Language (audio):||French, English, Chinese, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Swahili| |Country of origin:||Kenya, United States| |Screening rights:||Marlboro Productions () | Filmsortiment.de (Germany)| Grand Prize for Society Jade Kunlun Awards – 2010 World Mountain Documentary Film Festival Qinghai, China Best Documentary Audience Award – Mendocino Film Festival 2009 Best Documentary – International Images Film Festival for Women 2009, Zimbabwe Green Cinema Award – Maui Film Festival 2008, Hawaii A moving tribute... it proves that courage is infectious. – Frances Moore Lappé Lucid, lovely handmade film. – Ronnie Scheib, Variety Her personality fills the screen and takes the interest of the audience with ease. Her fights and finally triumphs are the heart of the film. It's difficult to image an even more inspiring story. – The Montpelier Bridge I watched the movie yesterday and by now I've told already 8 persons about it. It's amazing what one person can achieve when he or she can convince others. – aus dem Publikum Winner 2012 – International Films for the Earth Festival Scientific & journalistic quality Transfer of a momentum Picture, music, craftsmanship Host a Screening

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Our annual switch to Daylight Saving Time has always been a good news/bad news scenario: The bad news is the young children in our lives often have a tough time adjusting to the time change. But the good news is, the sun will set a full hour later, giving us more time for play! This got our wheels turning, thinking about we can take full advantage of the extra light together. We gathered some helpful ideas to share with our community of teachers, childcare providers, and parents. Almost Like Summer During winter, it’s often dark well before dinnertime, putting the brakes on afterschool (and after-work) play. When the sun begins sticking around until seven o’clock or later, it opens up a whole world of fresh experiences for toddlers and preschoolers, who haven’t yet settled into the rhythm of seasons in the way of adults. What if you could ride bikes or go to the park after dinner? Play outside with a working parent at the end of the day? Watch the sunset as a family from the highest vantage point in your neighborhood? After March 10, kids can do all that—and more! Opportunities for Developmental Enrichment As early care and education advocates and partners, we’re always looking for ways to maximize the learning potential of every hour spent our little ones. Children are fascinated by the world around them, and every new word, new sound, and new experience creates intellectual pathways. It’s important to help parents understand that by playing, talking, and exploring new adventures with their kids, they’re not just building memories, they’re building young minds. Idea #1: Make Any Outdoor Spot Your “Gym” After weeks of being confined indoors by rain, frigid temperatures or early nightfall, it’s time to get moving! Head to the park, the beach, or even just your own back yard for family games that incorporate some healthy exercise. Whether your game of choice involves balls, beanbags or balloons, it’s the movement that counts. Why It Matters: Children need at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day. The benefits range from improved self-esteem and better sleep, to a lower risk of obesity and various diseases. Conversation flows more freely while you’re engaging in physical activities with your kids, making any activity a relationship-enriching exercise. Note: for some creative ideas for exercise-as-play, check out our printable tip sheet. Idea #2: Take Your Dinner Outside Who says picnics are just for lunch? Take advantage of a light-filled evening (once temperatures warm up) and bring the whole family in on planning a picnic dinner. Even the smallest hands can help with meal prep, and everyone will enjoy the playful change of pace. If you use Earth-friendly single-use plates and utensils, you can even take a break from doing dishes for one night! Why It Matters: Studies show that when toddlers and preschoolers are actively involved in choosing and preparing their meals, it makes them more willing to try new foods and flavors, which can increase the healthy ingredients (did someone say vegetables?) in their diet. Assisting in the kitchen also helps kids explore math and science concepts, like measurement and texture; young children ready to learn math are more likely to do better in school. Note: for ideas on how to make these meal-prep moments into learning moments, check out Child360’s Take Time. Talk! Tool. Idea #3: Take Up a New Hobby Use your extra hour of daylight as inspiration for learning something new together. Are there arts and crafts or music classes at your local community center or library? What about a special parent-and-child martial arts or dance lesson? Maybe even a beginner’s gardening class at your local plant nursery? Take a break from your regular routine to laugh and spend quality time together while exploring the unfamiliar; it will also give you something to bond over and practice at home. Why It Matters: Watching a parent struggle to master a new skill is very affirming for young children, who often find it frustrating when they struggle themselves. Talking about your shared experience provides an opportunity to patiently comfort a child and help them identify their feelings; how you react to their emotions can build self-esteem and confidence and help them develop strong social skills as they grow older. The biggest lesson we can take away from Daylight Saving Time, is to “Get outside, and get moving!” Remember to mark your calendars to “Spring forward” one hour on the evening of March 9.

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Indians of North America -- Government relations -- 1869-1934 Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings Found in 7 Collections and/or Records: Convention of Delegates from the Seven Yearly Meetings (Hicksite) on Indian Affairs. Executive Central Committee Records Overview The Convention of Delegates was an association of seven Hicksite Yearly Meetings who managed Indian affairs in the Northern Superintendency during the period of President U.S. Grant's “Peace Policy.” The collection contains correspondence and reports of Indian agents, extracts from minutes and reports, financial records, legislative documents, and printed materials published by the convention. Persons represented include William Burgess, John G. Gasmann, Albert L. Green, Samuel M. Janney, M.B.... Overview Friends' Indian Aid Association of Philadelphia was an organization of Hicksite Quakers in Philadelphia founded in 1869 to solicit donations of money and goods to distribute to the Indian tribes in Nebraska assigned to the care of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Hicksite) during the period of Grant's peace policy. The collection includes reports and minutes, financial reports, correspondence, and lists of goods. Overview Albert Lamborn Green (1845-1947) was a Quaker Indian Agent for the Otoe Agency in Nebraska during the period of President Grant's "peace policy," 1869-1872. The bulk of the correspondence in this collection is comprised of letters written to Green from Philadelphia Friends in regard to gifts in support of Indian work. Later letters written by Green describe from memory the social life and customs of the Otoe Indians. The collection has information on the Otoe language, vocabulary, etc., and... Overview Samuel McPherson Janney was a Virginia Quaker minister, author, educator, and reformer. In 1839 he opened a boarding school for girls in Loudoun County. He traveled widely in the ministry, meeting with other denominations as well as being immersed in the contemporary issues facing the Society of Friends. Among his activities were establishing schools for African Americans and women, creating public schools in Virginia, and the abolition of slavery. In 1869 he was appointed Superintendent of... Overview The Lightfoot family was a Pennsylvania Quaker family descended from Thomas Lightfoot, a Quaker minister who emigrated from Ireland to Kennett Monthly Meeting in 1716 with his family. The collection includes three journals which have been attributed to his grandson Thomas on the basis of contextual detail. These accounts document visits to meetings in the mid Atlantic region, New Jersey to Virginia, from 1757 to 1760. Jacob Lightfoot, a son of Thomas and Sarah Lightfoot, married Mary Bonsall, a... Dates: 1737-ca. 1948 Overview This small collection contains letters and reports concerning Friends work with Native Americans in Nebraska during the era of Grant's Peace Policy. Dates: 1793, 1867-1885 and undated; Majority of material found within 1867 - 1888 Overview This collection centers around the family and descendants of Joseph Turner, Jr., (1790-1850) and his wife Rebecca (Sinclair) Turner (1787-1877), members of Baltimore Monthly Meeting-Western District. They raised eight children and had fifty-four grandchildren. As a young man, Joseph left the family plantation near Still Pond, Kent County, Maryland, and became a lumber merchant in Baltimore. He served as Clerk of the Lombard Street Meeting. Rebecca was a recorded minister and traveled widely....

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Several initiatives have been taken in India to improve the resilience of agriculture to climatic variations and to make agriculture more adaptive reported PIB. In the course of these attempts are made to cut down the carbon emissions. Here, the major initiatives involve crop diversification program under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI), National Food Security Mission (NFSM). According to PIB report, under one of the eight National Action Plan for Climatic Change (NAPCC) missions, the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), many supporting programs including Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana ( Some of the practices which help in cutting down the carbon emissions include: - Providing an alternative to transplanted paddy by increasing System of Rice Intensification (SRI) area. - Using zero tillage drill machine and other residue management machines to plant rabi crops in the residue of rice crop without having to burn them. - Rice cultivation by direct seeding, alternate wetting and drying, integrated nutrient management, using slow release nitrogen fertilizers, using super granules of urea, applying nitrogen based on leaf color chart etc. - Making Neem coating of urea mandatory. - Promotion of micro irrigation under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)-Per Drop More Crop. - Planting trees under NBM, BGREI, SMAF, NFSM schemes. - Development of 45 Integrated Farming system (IFS) models for replication in Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and in States for climate resilient agriculture facilitation. - Development of one climate resilient village in each of the 151 districts by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). Preparation of a climate vulnerability atlas under National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA). Development of district agriculture contingency plans for 633 districts to provide agro advisories in real time and help overcome risks related to climate. In November of 2017, the Ministry of Power brought a policy for using biomass for generating power. According to this policy with the exception of units having tube and ball mills, all the private and public fluidized bed and pulverized coal units across India would assess technical and safety aspects and try to use 5-10% blend of agricultural residual based biomass pellets along with coal. In line with this, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) also issued an advisory to the power plant utilities, power equipment manufacturers, State Governments and other stakeholders promoting utilization of biomass pellet. In the meeting held on November 15th 2018, the Ministry of Power decided that Haryana and Punjab states would bid for all coal based thermal power plants to use 5 to 10% of biomass pellets fired along with coal. To support Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, NCT of Delhi government efforts in addressing air pollution related issues as well as subsidizing the machinery needed for in-situ crop residue management, Rs. 591.65 crores for 2018-19 and Rs.560.15 crores for 2019-20, totaling to Rs. 1151.80 crores from Central funds has been allocated towards the newly launched Central sector scheme on ‘Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization for In-Situ Management of Crop Residue in the States of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and NCT of Delhi’. During 2018-19, Rs. 269.38 crores funds have been released to the Government of Punjab, Rs. 137.84 crores to Government of Haryana and Rs. 148.60 crores to the Government of Uttar Pradesh. These funds are released for undertaking Information Education and Communication activities for raising awareness among the farmers, distributing machinery to farmers on subsidy for in-situ crop residue management, establishing Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs) for the machinery to manage in-situ crop residue. Through the various efforts under the Central Sector Scheme on ‘Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization for In-Situ Management of Crop Residue in the State of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and NCT of Delhi, compared to 2017, the paddy residue burning events have reduced by 29.5% in Haryana, 24.5% in Uttar Pradesh, 11% in Punjab as per satellite data.

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September 3-5, 2020, University of Lausanne Responsible: Simona Boscani Leoni, University of Berne/ University of Lausanne Since the renaissance research on the indigenous nature in mountains regions has experienced a major boom. After the discovery of America, the Spanish crown started to claim „relaciones” (reports) from sailors, as well as from local officials, to gather information about the nature and people of the newly discovered territories. The goal of these consults was the optimization of the administration in the overseas regions. Under the rule of Philipp II (1527-1598) cuestionarios para la formación de las relaciones geograficás were printed. They contained a lot of questions for the officials in the colonies and asked them, to give written information (Solano 1988; Álverez Pelaéz 1993). The subjects of a lot of questions were the mountains and their nature (Mathieu 2011). At the same time, a similar „discovery” of the Alps started (Korenjak 2017; Boscani Leoni, Mathieu 2005). Examples for this are the mountain ascents and the botanic researches of Conrad Gessner (1516-1565) (Boscani Leoni 2016), the geographic and the natural history work of Josias Simler De Alpibus Commentarius (Zurich, 1574), moreover the text of Valerio Faenzi (approx. 1525-1598) (Faenzi 2006) and Francesco Calzolari (1522-1609) (Calzolari 1566). A similar movement can be observed in the 17th century in Tibet with the Jesuit mission. During the 18th and 19th century, for exempla, the Andes, the Alps and the Himalaja were once more a central focus of nature researchers, as the trips to the alps by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740-1799), the Chimborazo expedition by Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), or the journey of the Jesuit Ippolito Desideri (1684-1733) to Tibet (FIlippi 2014) prove. Call for papers The case studies of the conference of the International Association for Alpine History 2020 focus on the natural history research in mountainous regions from 16th to 19th century and emphasize these three aspects: - The actors, objects and practices: Who were the actors of this research? What role do local scholars or laymen play in this process? How and what was researched and why? Which specimens (objects) were collected? Where were they transported to and why? - Circulation of knowledge: How, where and by whom was this knowledge received, translated, possibly transformed and applied in another cultural context? How did the exchange of information and the circulation of the results work and through what channels? An example for this is the European reception of botanical research in Latin America: Francisco Hernandez (ca. 1515-1587), the court physician of Philip II of Spain, collected circa 3000 new plant species in Mexico and in Peru. He had to handle the problem of translating their names from Náhuatl to Spanish (Barrera 2006). - Periodization: Is it possible to recognize different periodizations of the research on nature depending on the mountain region and on the research topic? With which changes (e.g. professional specialization, professionalization of the research) can one explain the possibly different periodizations? Please send your proposal (with max. 400 words) until the 15th of August 2019 to firstname.lastname@example.org; hotel expenses and – if possible also – travel expenses will be refunded. Deadline: August 15, 2019 Posted: July 09, 2019

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A CBS News report shared that consumption of bottled water outranked consumption of soda in 2016, according to statistics released by Beverage Marketing. Consumption of bottled water jumped from an average of 36.5 gallons per person in 2015 to 39.3 gallons in 2016, surpassing the average person’s soda consumption by 0.8 gallons last year. With the exception of the beginning of the recession (2008 and 2009), bottled water sales have grown every year for the past four decades. The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) recorded an average annual bottled water consumption of 1.6 gallons per person in 1976, which grew to 21 times that by 2014 – that’s 10.9 billion gallons or 34.2 gallons per person. Beverage industry experts believe the recent growth that contributed to the surpassing of soda sales is due in part to consumers’ increasing awareness of and concern for the health impacts sugary beverages have, as well as more frequent discoveries of lead-contaminated drinking water. Plastic Bottles Can Take up to 1,000 Years to Decompose Different types of plastic have different decomposition periods. The average length of time it takes for a plastic bottle to decompose in a landfill is 450 years, however, it can take some types of plastic up to 1,000 years to fully biodegrade. When you consider that 90% of plastic bottles aren’t even recycled in addition to bottles made out of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE), which never biodegrade, it really makes you think twice about buying bottled water. Other reasons plastic bottles are bad for the environment and you: - Approximately 1.5 million barrels of oil are used annually to make plastic bottles, and even more oil is used to ship them. - The EPA has stricter standards for tap water than the FDA does for bottled water, so the water you’re drinking could contain more contaminants than what you’d get from your tap. - According to 2013 data from the IBWA, the average cost of bottled water per gallon (not including imported and sparkling waters) was $1.21. This was 600 times more expensive than tap water at $2.00 per every thousand gallons, according to the EPA. This includes “bottled” water that gets delivered to office buildings in jugs. Excluding this, consumers pay 3,785 times the cost of a gallon of tap water for a gallon of bottled water, which comes to $7.57 per gallon. Choose Kinetico K5 Drinking Water Systems Over Bottled Water Not only does using water from a Kinetico water filtering system keep plastic out of the landfill and save you a lot of money, it gives your purer water than almost any bottled water you could buy. The Kinetico K5 drinking water system removes 99% of contaminants, which is more than any other drinking water system. Some of the contaminants the K5 removes are: There are lots of reasons to purchase Kinetico water filtering systems. You can read more about our home water softener system on our website, or you can contact Clearwater Systems at 1-888-928-3710 to discuss getting clean drinking water in your home.

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Flashcards in Lecture 19 - Nervous system of the head Deck (55): What type of brain/head does a chordate have? No skull or brain What type of brain/head does a primitive vertebrate have? Skull and tripartite brain What type of respiratory system does a chordate have? Non-muscular pharynx and water moved by cilia What type of respiratory system does a primitive vertebrate have? Muscular pharynx and water moved by muscles What type of digestive system does a chordate have? Ciliated gut action and intracellular digestion What type of digestive system does a primitive vertebrate have? Peristaltic muscular gut What type of circulation system does a chordate have? What type of circulation system does a primitive vertebrate have? Pumping heart, blood transport, gases and RBC's What type of osmoregulatory system does a chordate have? Passive coelomic feeding What type of osmoregulatory system does a primitive vertebrate have? What type of locomotion does a chordate have? Notochord main support / simple myomeres What type of locomotion does a primitive vertebrate have? Vertebral main support, complex (W) myomeres What are the things that developed that separated craniatas from the rest of the craniatas? Pharyngeal system, cranium, paired sensory organs, neural crest, and tripartite brain What is the fundamental vertebrate adaptation? What does a head require? A neural crest What are the three layers of the epiblast? Endoderm - Mesoderm - Ectoderm What is the "head" derived from? What all derives from the ectoderm? CNS, PNS, epidermis, and CT of the head What day does neurulation begin? Where is the notochord located? What does the notochord induce? Ectoderm to form neural plate What does the neural plate become? Neural groove -- Neural tube What does the neural tube form? Where does the neural crest rise from? Ectoderm near the neural tube What does the neural crest form? PNS and other structures What three embryonic structures are unique to vertebrates? Neural crest, neurogenic placodes, and muscularized hypomere What is the hypomere? Part of the myotome that forms muscles of the body wall and is innervated by a branch of the spinal nerve Where do some sensory neurons derive from? What so the sensory neuron from the neural crest do? Provide critical information of muscle contraction and wide range of crest-derived exteroreceptors What do the sensory receptors of the neural crest sense? Temperature and tactile stimuli What are the sense organs developed from? What do the ectodermal placodes + neural crest form? Sensory ganglia for CN's V, VII, IX, and X What is the pattern of head innervation based on? Where are two places in the brain that the CN's come from? -- and -- How many cranial nerves are there? What is CN I? What is CN II? What is CN III? What is CN IV? What is CN V? What is CN VI? What is CN VII? What is CN VIII? What is CN IX? What is CN X? What is CN XI? What is CN XII? What CN's carry PNS? III, VII, IX, and X What does CN III do alone? Constrict the pupil What does CN VII do alone? Innervate secretory cells for saliva, tear, and mucus production What does CN IX do alone? Innervate secretory for saliva production What does CN X do alone? Innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs What does CN III, VII, and IX innervate together? Specially named parasympathetic ganglia What CN's partake in SNS of the head? None, the body innervates the head

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Is 0 even or odd? Why some people say it's even: It's evenly divisible by 2. Why some people say it's odd: It's not divisible by 2 and it's not a multiple of 2. Why some people say it's both: Both of the top two arguments above are reasonable, so 0 is actually both even and odd! Why some people say it's neither: Both of the arguments above are reasonable, but neither is completely true or sensible. Also, clearly, it can't be both. The correct answer is that 0 is , and not odd. The definition of an even number: Definition 1. A number is even if it is divisible by 2. (or "A number is even if it has 2 as a factor.") Definition 2. A number is even if it is a multiple of 2. Proof that 0 is even: There are several common definitions of multiple and divisor, but all of them make an even number. The definition of a divisor (or factor): is a divisor of if and only if is an integer. By this definition, is even because which is an integer. An alternative definition of a divisor: is a divisor of if and only if has a remainder of By this definition, is even because with a remainder of The definition of a multiple: An integer is a multiple of an integer if and only if there exists an integer, such that . By this definition, is even because if we let be the integer then therefore is a multiple of An interesting additional note is that, using the same logic, we can see that is actually divisible by all integers other than itself since is undefined and that is a multiple of all integers. The definition of an odd number: Definition 1. "A number is odd if it is equal to for some integer " Common Notion: "A number is odd if it is an integer that is not even." (Note: This common notion is true, but it's not considered the primary definition of "odd.") Proof that 0 is not odd: If then subtracting from both sides, we see that and therefore However, is not an integer, therefore is not odd. (This is a proof by contradiction.) Rebuttal: is not a factor of because is undefined. Reply: You're mixing up the positions of the two variables in the definition of divisor when you set up that fraction. For example, by the same reasoning " is not a factor of because is not an integer." The correct definition of a factor is that is a factor of if and only if is an integer. Notice that the potential divisor is the number in the denominator of the fraction. Therefore, the fraction that we set up to test if is a factor of is Since with remainder is a factor of . Therefore, what you can conclude from your claim that is undefined is that is not a factor of However, that does not pertain to the question of whether or not is even. Rebuttal: This is crazy. We need to come up with new definitions if the ones that we have imply that has infinitely many factors and is a multiple of everything. Reply: While, in the proofs above, we only thought about this issue from the logical perspective of verifying the accepted definition of a prime number, it's also important to realize that the definitions are worded as they are to create a system which is as sensible and usable as possible. Including 0 as part of every set of multiples is actually very natural. For example, consider the visual representations of multiples of pictured below. It's clear that including 0 in the set of multiples for each number completes the pattern, whereas omitting 0 would create a strange exception/irregularity in each set. Acknowledging and preserving this kind of pattern creates symmetry in the mathematics and makes it more likely that the theorems and proofs which use these definitions can be simply stated, without many exceptions and special cases. For example, consider the theorem, "The sum of any two multiples of a number is also a multiple of that number." If were not a multiple of every number, this elegant theorem would have to be revised to, "The sum of any two multiples of a number is either 0 or a multiple of that number, and the sum of 0 and any multiple of a number is also a multiple of that number." This entire page is just a matter of definition. Mathematicians love to define things; they decide that should be considered even because they can do so. But, of course, mathematicians also have reasons when defining things, and are not just making this decision at whim. Want to make sure you've got this concept down? Try these problems:

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The transition milk is milk that the mother produces after the first postpartum week. And that remains so for a few days. As the name suggests, it is intermediate phase milk during which the nutritional composition becomes more similar to that of mature milk. And the milk secretion increases. The composition of breast milk, in fact, has multiple phases. Because it changes over time so as to adapt perfectly to the evolution of the newborn during development. Let us now try to understand what are the phases of breast milk. And what characteristics make transitional milk so special. Colostrum: during the first six days after giving birth. The mother produces the so-called colostrum, yellow milk, particularly rich in proteins. And mineral salts necessary to compensate for the baby’s fluid drop. Colostrum also helps strengthen the newborn’s immune system. Because it contains many antibodies, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, white blood cells, and lysozyme. Transitional milk is produced after the first week of childbirth and. As the name suggests, is a transition phase from colostrum to mature milk. Mineral Salts. And proteins decrease in this milk, while sugars and fats increase. Mature milk: after fifteen days from delivery, the milk stabilizes to reach a composition that will remain unchanged throughout the breastfeeding period. This type of white milk is composed of proteins, lipids, mineral salts. And sugars in a manner appropriate to the child’s growth needs. The transition from colostrum to transitional milk up to the final mature milk is marked by the Milky Mount. Which sees the breast increase in volume. And gives the woman greater breast tension. The transitional breast milk is characterized by a color that is not completely white. But it is still for the remaining yellowish colostrum. In fact, transitional milk still has all the nutrients and beneficial substances that make up colostrum. But it also contains some specific elements of mature milk, such as fat, sugar. And calories, which help the baby to recover some of the weight that physiologically lost after birth. The transition milk is, therefore, very abundant and hyper energy. The benefits of breast milk In the first period of the baby’s life, breast milk plays a fundamental role in the child’s correct growth. It is the mother’s milk that passes to the child the appropriate nutrients in the right quantity at every stage of development, especially in the first months when it is most needed. In fact, breast milk has all the nutrients that the baby needs: serum albumin and antibodies, proteins mainly lactalbumin and lactoglobulin and lactoferrin, unsaturated fatty acids and lipids, carbohydrates like lactose, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements and steroid and thyroid hormones. Choosing to breastfeed therefore represents the best choice for the growth of the child, not only because it is an easily digestible food, but also because it is a natural defense against infections and allergies. Among the main advantages we recall those shared internationally by the health ministries: reduces the incidence and duration of gastroenteritis protects against respiratory infections reduces the risk of developing allergies improves eyesight and psychomotor development improves intestinal development and reduces the risk of occlusions

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The Hindu festival of Devutthana Ekadashi is celebrated with reverence to Hindu God Vishnu. The festival is also called “Prabodhini Ekadashi” and ““Dev Uthani Ekadashi”. Prabodhini Ekadashi is mainly celebrated in India in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Maharashtra and in some southern states. Following the Hindu calendar, the festival of Devutthana Ekadashi or Prabodhini Ekadashi is celebrated in the month of Kartik, on the 11th lunar day (Ekadashi) during the period of Shukla Paksha. Shukla Paksha is the first fortnight between New Moon Day and Full Moon Day. According to the Gregorian calendar, the festivals falls in the months of October and November. Devutthana Ekadashi 2019 will be celebrated on 8th November. `Dev Uthani’ means to wake up the Dev or God, and Ekadashi translates to the 11th day. And so, Dev Uthani Ekadashi denotes the 11th lunar day on which the rituals are performed to wake up Lord Vishnu. According to Hindu mythology, it is believed that Lord Vishnu had to spend years without sleeping, since he was busy fighting evil. This schedule had an adverse effect on his sleeping habit and resulted in his falling asleep suddenly for years. Lord Vishnu’s wife Goddess Lakshmi, disturbed by his irregular sleep, requested him to regularise his sleeping timing so that she too gets proper resting periods. Realising that he was disturbing his wife, among other Gods, Lord Vishnu decided to sleep for four months in a year, regularly. And thus, it is believed that Lord Vishnu goes to sleep on Dev Shayani Ekadashi in the month of Ashadha (June-July) and wakes up on Dev Uthani Ekadashi in the month of Kartik (October-November). Rituals and Traditions Since the festival also marks the beginning of the sugarcane harvest, it is common to use freshly cut sugarcanes in rituals. On the auspicious day of Dev Prabodhini Ekadashi, devotees take an early morning bath and perform a day long fast for the deity. Worshipers believe that keeping a Vrat (fast) during the festival will clear away the sins of their past lives. By observing the fast, devotees pray not only their own, but also their successors’ passage to heaven. Tulsi or Holy Basil plant is the most common plant in every Hindu household, across India. Incase you don’t already have one at home, planting it during the festival will not only bring peace and prosperity, but you will also be blessed with good health and spiritual benefits. A customary tradition of Tulsi Vivah ritual is also performed on Devutthana Ekadashi. On the day of the festival , a ceremonial marriage of Tulsi plant with Lord Vishnu is performed. According to the Hindu scriptures, Tulsi plant is the reincarnation of a woman named “Vrinda”, who was an ardent devotee of Vishnu. Thus, the ritual of marrying Tulsi plant (incarnation of Vrinda) to Shaligram (incarnation of Vishnu) is performed on Devutthana Ekadashi. Significance of Devutthana Ekadashi The festival also marks the beginning of marriage season. The four months period from Shayani Ekadashi to Prabodhini Ekadashi is considered inauspicious for marriages or other sacred functions, which is why people wait till Prabodhini Ekadashi to begin the ceremonies and functions! It is believed that Lord Vishnu resides in the houses of devotees who offer Him prayers and worship Him with utmost dedication and commitment during the time of His awakening and sleeping.

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Wintertime is just around the corner, and in many areas, we’re already into cold and flu season. One complication of the common cold that can also occur on its own is the middle ear infection. Some kids seem predisposed to them: My son had what seemed like constant ear infections when he was a baby, while my daughter never had even one. Here are some things that you should know about this common childhood malady. An ear infection occurs when fluid gets trapped in the eustachian tube, the tiny tube that helps to equalize the pressure of the middle ear. You’ve experienced this blockage before; think of the full feeling you get in your ears when you have a bad cold or are miserable from seasonal allergies. The fluid itself is uncomfortable, but the infection happens when bacteria or a virus gets into the trapped fluid and starts to multiply. Then the infection creates pus, a lot of pain, redness and, in some cases, a fever. If your child is too young to tell you that her ear hurts, she might cry a lot and pull on her ear. Although ear infections can be very painful, they usually go away on their own within a couple of days. When my son was an infant, over a decade ago, doctors tended to prescribe antibiotics for every ear infection. More recently, however, many doctors take a wait-and-see approach, only giving antibiotics if the symptoms aren’t resolving after two days. In the meantime, you can use warm compresses and over-the-counter pain relievers (like Tylenol or Motrin) to keep your child comfortable and reduce his fever. And some kids will receive antibiotics right away, depending on age, the severity of the infection and other health conditions, so it’s still important to have your pediatrician take a look and see if antibiotics are needed. Just don’t be too surprised if you’re sent home without a prescription. Sometimes kids need ear surgery to place tubes in the ear if they have frequent infections. This is done by an ears, nose and throat specialist. It’s a quick procedure, but it does require general anesthesia, so it’s not something to be done lightly. A few things that might help prevent ear infections are: - Holding your baby in a more upright position if you’re bottlefeeding; don’t let him lie down flat on his back while eating. - Not smoking or allowing your baby to be around secondhand smoke. - Preventing colds with good handwashing habits and by limiting the amount of time that your baby spends around other children during the cold and flu season, if possible. - Keeping up with your baby’s vaccination; some prevent against illnesses that can progress into ear infections. Ear infections are a painful part of life for many babies, so keep that in mind if your little one is congested and seems to be in pain. A quick check by the doctor can ease your mind and, if medication is needed, have your baby feeling better in no time.

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If you’ve never heard of bartonella, you are not alone. Bartonella is a genus of bacteria that cause disease in people and animals. While you may not have heard of bartonella, you may be familiar with at least one of the diseases caused by this bacterium: Cat Scratch Disease. Cat Scratch Disease is caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. According to the CDC, Cat Scratch Disease affects 9.3 per 100,000 people per year in the US (approximately 29,000 annually based on our population of 316 million), most frequently children younger than 15 years of age. Besides Cat Scratch Disease, other bartonella species are responsible for Trench Fever, Bacillary Angiomatosis and Carrion’s Disease in people. How is Cat Scratch Disease transmitted? According to the CDC, 41% of healthy cats harbor Bartonella henselae. Bartonella henselae is also more common in young cats and strays. Cats typically become infected when bitten by an infected flea. Though less common, cats can also become infected when exposed to infected blood, such as from a blood transfusion or during a cat fight. People get Cat Scratch Disease when scratched or bitten by an infected cat, typically a kitten. Signs of Cat Scratch Disease Cats infected with Bartonella henselae are typically asymptomatic, meaning they do not appear sick. The signs and symptoms of Cat Scratch Disease in humans vary widely. Many people show no symptoms at all while others may have fever; malaise; chills and enlarged, painful lymph nodes. Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease If a cat or person is bitten or scratched by a cat and develops some of the common symptoms of Cat Scratch Disease, the doctor may recommend serologic testing to determine if there was exposure to Bartonella henselae.Treatment of Cat Scratch Disease Treatment of Cat Scratch Disease depends on the severity and the immune status of the afflicted patient. Since most cases are self-limited (self-resolving), conservative treatment will likely be recommended. Antibiotics are reserved for severe and systemic disease. In addition, immunocompromised patients require a longer antibiotic course. Prevention of Cat Scratch Disease As with all diseases, prevention is the best treatment. The best way to prevent Cat Scratch Disease is to avoid getting scratched or bitten, which means no rough play with rambunctious kittens. In addition, keep your cats indoors and on year-round flea control to decrease exposure to infected fleas carrying Bartonella henselae. Enforce hand washing with soap after playing with cats, and avoid contact with stray cats. Immunocompromised people should take additional precautions, and according to the CDC, they should avoid owning kittens. Questions for your veterinarian - What flea preventatives do you recommend for my pets? - Do my indoor cats need flea preventatives? - I have a new kitten, do I need to do anything special? If you have any questions or concerns, you should always visit or call your veterinarian -- they are your best resource to ensure the health and well-being of your pets.

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Looking for a book to engage and inspire your students? Try Great Peacemakers! - Used in Middle School through Graduate School - Great for History, Social Studies, Language Arts, Philosophy, etc. - Introduces Important Social Issues, Positive Role Models & Examples of Real-life Nonviolent Conflict Resolution - Free Downloadable Study Guides with Discussion Questions, Lesson Plans, Worksheets, Rubrics, and More. To download a FREE Study Guide, click here. - Interdisciplinary—Ideal for Grade-Wide or School-Wide Reading In Great Peacemakers, your students will meet some of the most inspiring people of recent history—from famous leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, the Dalai Lama, Jane Goodall, and others, to lesser-known individuals making a difference. FREE Study Guides Great Peacemakers is an excellent supplementary text to enhance courses in history, social studies, language arts, character education, etc. FREE Study Guides are available and many educators are reporting concrete positive behavior changes in students studying the book. FREE Review Copy If you are a teacher, professor, or work in an organization that teaches students about peace and are interested in using Great Peacemakers in with your students, we are happy to send you a FREE Evaluation Copy for review. Ideal for Wide-scale Reading Large Order Discounts WINNER OF 30+ AWARDS View All Awards PRESS REVIEWS View All Reviews “Such powerful stories can change lives.” “allows students to learn from a book that celebrates peace” “This is a book that inspires and teaches” “has a motivational as well as educational effect.” “a source of role models and thought-provoking discussion.” —IS (Int’l School) magazine —Teaching Tolerance mag. —Skipping Stones magazine —Journal of Moral Education “Great Peacemakers should be required reading for the youth of the world.” —Dr. Oscar Arias, Nobel Peace Prize winner and former president of Costa Rica “School counselors, teachers, and other educators will find this book to be invaluable for helping the youth of today become the responsible adults of tomorrow.” —Dr. Kwok-Sze Richard Wong, executive director, American School Counselor Association “Must reading for peace educators who hope to empower their students toward global and civic action for peace.” —Tony Jenkins, co-director, Peace Education Center at Teachers College, Columbia Univ.

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Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt arrived by train in the Badlands of Dakota Territory on Sept. 8, 1883, six years before the official establishment of the state of North Dakota, in 1889. He arrived from the East Coast one month prior to his 25th birthday. Roosevelt fell in love with the badlands west of Bismarck, near Medora and in the Little Missouri River Valley. He invested in two ranches, the Maltese Cross 7 miles south of the Northern Pacific railroad tracks, and the Elkhorn, 35 miles to the north. It was almost 20 years later, on April 7, 1903, when the 44-year-old Roosevelt returned to Medora and made a train stop as president of the United States. That year he visited several western states during the months of April and May. Roosevelt was deeply touched when most of the people living in Medora gathered to greet him. His stay was less than an hour, due to a busy multistate schedule. Roosevelt, however, was able to return to Medora after he left the presidency and spent much more time in western North Dakota. Teddy’s children ran wild in the White House Theodore Roosevelt had six children, one of who he fathered with his first wife, Alice, who died two days after the birth of their daughter. Roosevelt had five children with his second wife, Edith. When he became president, in 1901, the six children ranged in age from three to 17. “They sashed across the wooden White House floors on roller skates,” wrote presidential historian Doris Kearns Goodwin in her book about Roosevelt titled “The Bully Pulpit.” Added Goodwin, “The Roosevelt kids walked upstairs on stilts, hid reptiles in sofa cushions, waded through the fountains on the landscaped grounds and coaxed their pony to ride the elevator to the second-floor bedroom when seven-year-old Archie was sick.” One visitor to the White House said it best, “This place is alive with howls and laughter. The Roosevelt family has done more to brighten and cheer the White House than a whole army of decorators.” Roosevelt spoke to members of the general public, touring the White House, each day between noon and 1 p.m. “People were eager to see the most colorful president in their memory,” wrote Goodwin. “He gave each person a dazzling smile and a warm handshake.” President Roosevelt, later each afternoon, hiked at Rock Creek Park, north of the White House. “Roosevelt brought visitors and friends along,” Goodwin wrote. “Teddy had one simple rule: If a creek got in the way, you forded it. If there was a rock, you scaled it.” Added Goodwin, “Journalists delighted in portraying these late afternoon rambles.” Each evening for dinner in the family quarters at the White House, Roosevelt again became husband and father. He talked over the day’s events and engaged Edith and the children in lively conversation. Ike and Harmon bonded in 1959 As a kid 60 years ago, in 1959, one of my favorite players was a young Washington Senators slugger named Harmon Killebrew. That year he hit 42 home runs to lead the American League. During a TV interview a few years ago Harmon said that during one game at Griffith Stadium President Dwight Eisenhower asked him if he would sign a baseball. Harmon replied, “Sure, Mr. President. But I’d also request that you sign something for me.” Ike’s reply: “It would be my pleasure, Harmon.” Killebrew and his teammates became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. A new expansion team was established in the nation’s capital. In 1959 the Fergus Falls Red Sox did not field a team. Two Fergus players, Dave Wilde and Milt Hysjulien, played for Underwood that summer. Roland Harlow, Roger Sinner and George Sawyer opted to play for Dalton in the summer of 1959. That year the Western Star League all-star game was played in Ashby, in front of more than 1,600 fans. Hysjulien and Sawyer homered in the game. Tom Hintgen is a longtime Daily Journal columnist. His column appears Saturdays.

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Nobody ever hopes that their teeth will become damaged or infected. We all hope that a regular brushing and flossing routine keeps our teeth strong, healthy, and cavity-free. Unfortunately, the truth is that our teeth are vulnerable to many different types of damage. When damage occurs, dental restorations like dental crowns make it possible to help protect your teeth in the future. They help safeguard your teeth from additional cavities, decay, and injury. In addition, dental crowns can change the shape, size, and appearance of your natural tooth. Are you familiar with the signs that you might need a dental crown? Awareness and education will help you take the right steps to protect your beautiful smile. What Is a Dental Crown? A dental crown is a tooth-shaped “cap” that can be placed over your existing tooth, attached to a dental implant, or positioned in a dental bridge. The cap of a crown is designed to look and function just like your real tooth. Dental crowns are available in ceramic, porcelain, gold, and porcelain fused to metal. Each material offers unique benefits to meet your specific needs. Signs You Need a Dental Crown There are many different reasons that a dental crown might be the best choice to enhance the appearance and integrity of your teeth. To replace missing teeth with dental implants: Dental implants are titanium screws that replace the roots of your missing teeth and fuse with the jawbone. A crown is attached to every dental implant to create the appearance and function of a perfectly natural tooth. To protect a weak tooth: A crown can also be used to cover a tooth weakened by decay or injury. This includes any tooth that undergoes a root canal, has a cavity that is too large to fill, or sustains a crack that needs to be covered. To hold a dental bridge in place: Traditional bridges replace missing teeth by holding a fake tooth in place with a crown that is cemented onto the teeth on either side. If you have strong natural teeth on both sides of your missing tooth, a crown offers a simple and affordable solution to make your smile whole again. To replace a filling: Dental fillings are used to fill the pits, crevices, and contours of your back teeth. They block bacteria and plaque from gathering and causing ongoing decay. A crown can be used to replace an ineffective filling or restore a tooth with a filling that is too large. Dental Crowns in Oconomowoc Oconomowoc dentists, Drs. Matt Lehman & Allison Lehman are committed to providing the highest level of quality dental services for your oral health and wellness. If a dental crown is recommended after thorough examination, you can rest assured you are in good hands. Contact our office to learn more about using dental crowns to protect your natural teeth and restore your mouth.

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History Of Temple Traditionally, the Vaishya Community has been native to the Konkan region along the West Coast comprising Goa and surrounding areas. However, following the Portuguese occupation of Goa, they began to migrate southwards in order to escape the Portuguese policy of forcible conversion. Many of them settled along the way in various pockets in the Coastal region and some families settled in Mangalore. Many Vaishya Bhandavas were devotees of Lord Sri Venkataramana and they felt the need for a temple. They build the temple of Lord Sri Venkataramana at Boloor in the year 1830. This task was performed with the help of JOG SHET family. Later on it was felt that a more centrally located temple was needed. While the community elders were pondering over the prospect of building such a temple, the Deity appeared in the dream of Venkappa Shet who assured him that his sannidhi will be consecrated in the middle of the city. Therefore the process of building the temple was set into motion after informing all the elders of the community. A suitable piece of land was acquired at a central place called Dongra in the year 1859 (This locality is now known as Dongerkery). In olden days, this land was a Shiva Sannidhi and the construction work commenced in the year 1859. The responsibility for the construction was shouldered by Venkappa Shet. Then due to financial crisis Raghunath Shet of Hanchina Mane helped him financially and the work was completed in the year 1869. The Pratishtapana (Installation) of the idols of Lord Venkataramana with his consorts of Sridevi and Bhoodevi was made in the year 1868, i.e., on Vaishaka Shudh Sapthami of Vibhava Nama Samvatsara of Hindu calendar. The main idols (Moola Moorthies) of Lord Sri Venkataramana with Sridevi and Bhoodevi were made of Panchaloha - an alloy of five metals. While the idols of Lord Sri Venkataramana, who as Lord of the Universe holds Chakra (Wheel) on right hand, Shankh (Coonch) on the left hand and the Katari in the right waist, the idols of Sridevi (Goddess of wealth and prosperity) and Bhoodevi (Goddess of Prakriti, Sanctity and Success) are seen holding flower buds. The height of idol Lord Venkataramana is about 18 inches and that of Sridevi and Bhoodevi are about 12 inches including the beautifully carved crowns worn on their heads. After the Pratishtapana (Installation) of Lord Sri Venkataramana, the Prastishtapana and Rama Navami Mahostava was started inside temple parikrama. During these Mahostava Palanki Ustav was held. In the year 1891 a golden covering was offered by Late Ananth Shet(Babu Shet) Subsequently, in the year 1908, Rathotosava too was introduced. In the initial years, the Rathotsava was celebrated for one day only. Brahma Ratha (Wooden Chariot) was donated by Late Sowkar Appu Pal. In the year 1932, the Dwaja and Deepasthambha were donated by Late Srinivas Narayan. Bhandi was donated by Late Sri Janardhan Shet, Yajna Mantap was donated by Late Sri Toledar Vaman Shet and Silver Palanki was donated by all Sarafs (Gold Smiths) of our community. This enabled to start six days rituals of Rathotsava with Agama rites. In the year 1940 the Silver Wooden Lalki was offered to Lord Sri Venkataramana by community members. Personal Gold was offered by mother of Late Sri Ramdas Maruthi of Bibi Alabi Road, Mangalore for covering the Moola Murthies.

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Oct 16, 2019 - National Geographic Quest The jet boat reached 145 miles from the Snake River mouth. Lewiston, our port of call, was Idaho’s former capital and westernmost city. The neighboring city of Clarkston, Washington (once called Jawbone Flats) lined the western shoreline. Further upriver lay the town of Asotin, Washington (named for the onetime plentiful lamprey eels in the river). The Grand Ronde River at Heller’s Bar marks the 30-mile point southward. Sparse evidence of human activity is seen after this point. We were on a wild river for the rest of the exploration. Our exploration took place within Hells Canyon National Recreation Area and our turn-around was the mouth of the Salmon River. Wildlife emerged on both shores. Guests saw big horn sheep, a bald eagle, wild turkeys, the proud great blue heron, varieties of duck and coot and osprey nests, the latter having migrated south). Origins of the name “Hells Canyon” abound. However, the most reliable story involves the wild downriver ride of an 1890s steamboat that bounced off every rock – i.e. a “ride through hell,” the boat captain stated. Vertical basalt columns loom over the river, including entablature on top, multi-sided columns in the middle, and talus around the base. These accidental scenes include a Chinese fan, Moby Dick, and a hilltop piano player. Between the basalt scabs and cliffs gently rounded hills of loess dominate the skyline. Abetting this natural architecture was foliage of red, orange, yellow and deep purple; much of it from hackberry, mulberry, mahogany, and willow trees. The Nez Perce people have lived, fought, fished and traveled in the canyon for over 10,000 years. Petroglyphs, rock carvings, old trails and oral histories describe this historic symbiotic relationship. Our boat captain frequently referred to Nez Perce stories and tribal elders who came aboard his boats to see and describe ancient native sites. One Lewis and Clark story survives: Sergeant Ordway’s trek to find fresh salmon. This event has a disappointing end – the salmon obtained from the Nez Perce did not survive the return trip. Spoiled fish caused members of the corps to become violently ill. No further ventures into Hells Canyon are noted in their journals. After a fulsome ranch lunch at Garden Creek, our three-vessel flotilla dubbed The Nature Conservancy returned to the boat in time to hear Nez Perce storyteller and musician J.R. Spencer give a presentation. The evening program included a geology talk, titled “Fire, Ice, Flood” by Grace Winer. Join us for updates, insider reports & special offers.

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Smile, though your heart is aching. Morgan, CC BY By Annie Austin, University of Manchester The idea that data on happiness and well-being can be used to guide government policy has steadily gained popularity over the past decade. But as we seek ways to replace, or at least complement GDP as a measure of national success, we risk falling into old traps. One measure that is gaining popularity all over the world is particularly problematic. It has long been accepted that GDP is a woefully inadequate measure of national well-being. As Bobby Kennedy put it as far back as 1968, this type of macro-economic indicator “measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile.”. Since then, the Beyond GDP movement has gained momentum. Canada, for example, has introduced an Index of Wellbeing, and the OECD has organized the Better Life initiative. In the UK, the Office for National Statistics is leading the Measuring National Well-being program, and has developed a well-being framework that includes multiple dimensions of life, including health, relationships, work, the natural environment, and political participation. All this is good news. Any movement away from GDP fetishism towards a more holistic and meaningful definition of national well-being should be welcomed. However, in the midst of this progress, there is a danger that GDP fetishism might simply be swapped for unthinking devotion to another simplistic metric. Subjective well-being – measurements of how happy and satisfied people feel – is increasingly seen as a yardstick that provides a summary of all the other aspects of well-being. A huge literature around the new science of happiness provides legitimacy for this type of thinking, and the term “well-being” is now often used simply as shorthand for the psychological state of happiness and satisfaction. But subjective well-being (SWB) is not a reliable indicator of true, objective well-being. Poor and disadvantaged people might, for example adapt to their deprivation and mark themselves high on the life-satisfaction scale. A high subjective well-being score in this context might simply reflect people making the best of a bad lot. It doesn’t mean that poverty should be ignored. In a similar vein, people whose caviar consumption decreases from once a week to once a month might suffer a drop in subjective well-being as a consequence, but the impact on their overall objective well-being is probably not worthy of much attention from the government. The fact that average SWB does not always reflect the objective quality of people’s lives is evident from subjective well-being trends since the financial crisis of 2008. Even though the meltdown led to significant, objective hardship for many people, average subjective well-being in the UK remained stable. Despite this serious problem, it might be that SWB has gained traction because of its shared historical roots with GDP. Both feed off the utilitarian tradition that human well-being boils down to maximizing pleasure or satisfaction. Also, like GDP, SWB is a simple, quantitative, headline metric that lends itself to standard econometric methods. These shared roots and practical compatibility mean that SWB is an easy substitution for GDP as the principal measure of national well-being. However, like GDP, SWB also fails to capture many of the things that make life worthwhile. So while we should welcome the idea of well-being becoming part of the way a government measures national success and progress, it looks a lot like the well-being agenda is being hijacked by utilitarianism. GDP and SWB are close cousins. A truly radical model would go beyond both. Annie Austin, Doctoral researcher, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research at University of Manchester, does not work for, consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

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“The Testaments is worthy of the literary classic it continues. That’s thanks in part to Atwood’s capacity to surprise, even writing in a universe we think we know so well.” NO MAJOR SPOILERS Margaret Atwood’s The Testaments is set about 15 years after the end of The Handmaid’s Tale, however, this book picks up not with Offred but with three new characters. These characters include two from within Gilead; Aunt Lydia who readers will know from The Handmaid’s Tale and a young girl raised in Gilead, and a young girl raised in Canada. Aunt Lydia’s tale is told through her own writing, while the two young girl’s stories are presented as ‘witness statements’. The book’s plot darts back and forth from these narratives each of which is portrayed by their own symbol and within these sections are chapters, often several at a time from each character before it is the next character’s turn to speak. This way of presenting narrative allows Atwood to build tension, often leaving one character on a cliff-hanger while the next character continues their story. Much like The Handmaid’s Tale, The Testaments is an examination of Gilead, an extreme totalitarian regime of inequality, oppression, and fear. Atwood states that although both books are dystopian fiction, everything that happens in them has happened in our own world in some way, place or other. Through The Testaments, Atwood explores some extremely important issues including; abortion laws and controls over women’s bodies, climate change and environmental crisis, propaganda, shame surrounding periods and other ‘female problems’, terrorism, and the refugee crisis, the perilous journeys they take, and the way they are often treated in their new ‘home.’ Although all of these are shown in a perhaps more extreme, over-exaggerated and fictionalised way, all are issues faced by people around the world today. As Atwood herself writes, “History does not repeat itself, but it rhymes.” The story of The Testaments, is an intriguing and gripping read that I didn’t want to stop reading. It uncovers secrets about Gilead, proclaims shocking revelations and is packed full of action and deception. At last, Margaret Atwood has answered the questions many fans have been asking for years including; the start of Gilead’s regime and how it came to be, what it’s like to be a young girl in Gilead, the life of the ‘Aunts’, and, of course, how Gilead’s downfall came to be. It has been 34 years since The Handmaid’s Tale was first published and the long-awaited sequel The Testaments is well worth the wait. Catherine Muxworthy, Booksbirdblog Added 29th January 2020

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Amino acids are the building blocks of life. It is what also makes up proteins. Many plants that we eat contain amino acids but our main sources of complete proteins (containing all the essential amino acids) come from meat and fish along with eggs and some dairy. Each food has a different amino acid make up. Because of this, we need to eat a wide variety of foods so we can get a balance of the essential amino acids we need to maintain good health. Why this is so will become apparent as you read on. Science has shown us that there are nine essential amino acids that we cannot make so we must get them from our diets. They are – Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan and Valine. Children though have a few more essential amino acids as their systems don’t make them efficiently yet. These are – Arginine, Cysteine, Taurine and Tyrosine. Having enough of each of these amino acids makes it possible to build other amino acids and more complex proteins like collagen. Collagen is abundant in bones giving it flexibility. It is also found in skin, muscle, tendons, eyes, blood vessels, the gut and between your disks in your spine. All your hormones and neurotransmitters require proteins. For proper thyroid function you need tyrosine, your brain needs glutamic acid and GABA in proper balance, and the list goes on and on. Of course, your DNA and RNA, the genetic instructions that allow for life are made of specific amino acids. As you can see, you need amino acids to survive. One of the most disturbing aspects of today’s Western diets is how few foods we tend to eat. The typical American for instance only eats about 8 to 10 foods. What does this have to do with amino acids? Plenty! The old adage that we are what we eat should be apparent here. If we eat just a few different foods we will be getting a narrow band of amino acids. Some will be more than we need and some we won’t get enough of. If we continue this way year in and year out, we won’t be able to make some hormones or neurotransmitters or we’ll make less of them than we need to stay healthy. To top things off, the foods we eat today, are different than what we’ve been eating for millennium. Cattle, chickens and pigs eat grains that they never ate before and that changes their amino acid make up. Grass fed beef for instance has a very different amino acid makeup than what you would find in grain feed beef. I believe that many of the health issues we face today are because of the changes in the amino acid makeup of our foods. So how do we reverse this trend? Supplementation with a balanced amino acid blend. There are a few ways to go. One would be a cold processed whey protein shake like the one Dr. John Young has. Or you can try the amino acid complex I developed called Synerplex. Synerplex uses a collagen based blend derived from chicken bone marrow. But neither can overcome a bad and narrow diet. You need to eat more naturally fed or organically grown foods to stay healthy.

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What is Computer Aided Design (CAD)? Courses & Careers CAD is the short form of Computer Aided Design: A combination of arts, science with business practice in the sphere of architecture and engineering. Almost every industry uses computers to store and retrieve information. Computers are also used in design projects. Computer-aided design (CAD) is use of a wide range of computer based tools that assist engineers, architects and other design professions in their design activities. It is the main geometry authoring tool within the Product Life-cycle Management process and involves both software and sometimes special-purpose hardware. Current packages range from 2D vector base drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modelers. - CAD is used to design, develop and optimize products, which can be goods used by end consumers or intermediate goods used in other products. - CAD is also extensively used in the design of tools and machinery used in the manufacture of components, and in the drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small residential types (houses) to the largest commercial and industrial structures (hospitals and factories). - CAD is mainly used for detailed engineering of 3D models and/or 2D drawings of physical components, but it is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies to definition of manufacturing methods of components. - CAD has become an especially important technology, within the scope of Computer Aided technologies, with benefits such as lower product development costs and a greatly shortened design cycle. - CAD enables designers to lay out and develop work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing thus saving time on their drawings. Courses and Eligibility Criteria Generally a course on Computer Aided Design (CAD) is offered for a short period ranging from 3 months to 6 months. A very good grade at intermediate/secondary level with science /technology as subjects can be helpful. - Graduates in science and engineering are preferred as compared to other graduates. A person having Degree or Diploma in Engineering or ITI pass certificate in mechanical/automobile or electrical branch of engineering can pursue course in CAD/CAM. - Different institutes have different eligibility criteria for selection. The centre for computer aided design of Jadavpur University asks for B.Tech. / B.E. / A.M.I.E. / B.Sc. (with mathematics or statistics or computer science or physics as a compulsory subject) / B.C.A. / Bachelors degree in environmental or disaster management / B.A. or B.Sc. (with geography or geology honors) qualification. |Application Forms Now Available| Career Scope & Job Prospects There is a clear promotion path from engineering craftsperson to engineering technician by studying part time for a relevant EDEXCEL/BTEC HNC/D or SQA NC group award qualification or by acquiring NVQ/SVQ level 3. As an engineering operative or in a non-engineering post it may be possible to study part time for these qualifications then apply for an engineering technician job. Qualified professionals find employment in manufacturing units, research and developmental firms and other related companies. One can also choose teaching as a career option as there are more numbers of training institutes on CAD/CAM is coming up in recent times. A course in CAD or CAM will be beneficial for those who are having a degree or diploma qualification in engineering. It is a profession which needs adequate research and then development. The salary in this field is very high, only sky is the limit. One can earn somewhere between Rs.30,000 - Rs.50,000 per month depending upon his/her expertise in the field. Top Institutes for CAD Courses |1||Institute for Design of Electrical Measuring Instruments||Mumbai| |2||Computer Aided Design Centre||Kolkata| |3||Department of Mechanical Engineering (IIT Guwahati)||Guwahati| |4||MSME Development Institute||Mumbai | Chennai| |5||Bhubanananda Orissa School of Engineering||Cuttack| |6||Birla Institute of Technology||Ranchi|

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A literature review published in BMC Public Health by researchers from Portugal and the Czech Republic summarizes results from 101 studies investigating the effect of recent economic recessions on populations’ mental health. Most of the studies were conducted in countries in Europe and North America. The results indicate that, despite the lack of longitudinal data, there is growing evidence cross-nationally that periods of recession lead to an increase in the diagnosis of ‘mental illness,’ substance use and abuse, and suicide rates. “A great proportion of the evidence from this review shows that unemployment, precarious work, debt, and financial deprivation are significantly associated with mental health problems. Determinants as such are well-known driving forces for widening health inequities, and put some groups of people at higher risk of suffering the impact of the economic recession.” A significant implication of this finding is that the impact of the recession becomes a family problem, and therefore a community mental health problem. Studies that collected data on adolescents and children found that those whose parents were unemployed had higher rates of mental health concerns or lower perceptions of well-being. In one study, youth unemployment rates were also linked to a greater incidence of psychological complaints. The researchers covered studies published between 2004-2014, which enabled them to consider the effects of the most recent economic recession on mental health. Socioeconomic determinants across studies were clustered into 1) pre- and post- recession changes; 2) macroeconomic indicators, e.g., national rates of unemployment; and 3) individual variables, e.g., employment status and indebtedness. Several studies found increased rates of episodes of depression and anxiety among people who lost their jobs during periods of financial strain, were financially indebted or belonged to a lower socioeconomic status. Alcohol and substance use did not increase across the board and was found, instead, to be related to pre-recession use. “Recreational users may be more susceptible to cuts in income, therefore reducing abuse, while others who are more dependent may actually adopt riskier patterns of substance misuse, such as injecting or binge drinking, in order to maximize the effects of the substances they have managed to purchase,” the review authors write. The finding that economic variables are linked to mental illness and substance use may be reflected in the increasing numbers of people being diagnosed with depression in particular (the WHO describes depression as a “global public health concern”), and mental health concerns in general. From this perspective, Kristian Wahlbeck and David McDaid suggest that solutions should focus on actions like mental health reform, job market support for the unemployed, family programs, alcohol price regulation, programs for debt relief, strengthening social networks, and sensitive coverage of suicides by the media. Often, though, the discourse on the cause of individual ‘mental illness,’ eschews social and political efforts, focusing instead on biological determinants and medical and pharmacological solutions. The authors admit that the studies covered in this review have some significant limitations – several of the studies involve cross-sectional data where information from the population under consideration was only collected at one point in time. Also, there was a paucity of data from low and middle-income countries. More longitudinal research is needed, according to the authors, to more accurately parse out the factors that can influence the effects of recessions on mental health. For instance, studies have shown that there is a lack of quality mental health care for racial and ethnic minority groups, which requires changes to service provision for these communities. It may be that during times of economic recession such structural deficits impact vulnerable groups even more negatively. As the authors conclude: “Structural reforms and the implementation of available cost-effective measures to achieve health and high levels of wellbeing may contribute to a more productive economy and desirable societal assets.” Frasquilho, D., Matos, G. M., Salonna, F., Guerreiro, D., Storti, C. C., Gaspar, T., & Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M. (2016). Mental health outcomes in times of economic recession: a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1-40. (Abstract)

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https://www.madinamerica.com/2016/09/review-finds-link-between-recession-and-mental-health-issues/

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