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### Human: What is React? ### Assistant: React is a JavaScript library that specializes in helping developers build user interfaces. |
### Human: Who were the original Fantastic Four in the comics? ### Assistant: In the original 1961 Fantastic Four Marvel comic book, the Fantastic Four lineup consisted of Reed Richards (Mr. Fantastic), Sue Storm (the Invisible Girl, later the Invisible Woman), Johnny Storm (the Human Torch), and Ben Grimm (the Thing). |
### Human: What's the most popular tv show of all time in the USA? ### Assistant: Jeopardy! |
### Human: When was the last time the Raiders won the Super Bowl? ### Assistant: The Raiders have won three Super Bowl championships (1977, 1981, and 1984), one American Football League (AFL) championship (1967), and four American Football Conference (AFC) titles. The most recent Super Bowl ring was won in 1984 against the Washington Redskins of the NFC. |
### Human: What is locus (in genomics)? ### Assistant: In genetics and genomics, a locus is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Each chromosome carries many genes, with each gene occupying a different position or locus; in humans, the total number of protein-coding genes in a complete haploid set of 23 chromosomes is estimated at 19,000–20,000.
Genes may possess multiple variants known as alleles, and an allele may also be said to reside at a particular locus. Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele at a given locus are called homozygous with respect to that locus, while those that have different alleles at a given locus are called heterozygous. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a gene map. Gene mapping is the process of determining the specific locus or loci responsible for producing a particular phenotype or biological trait. Association mapping, also known as "linkage disequilibrium mapping", is a method of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that takes advantage of historic linkage disequilibrium to link phenotypes (observable characteristics) to genotypes (the genetic constitution of organisms), uncovering genetic associations. |
### Human: What is a difference between baseball and cricket? ### Assistant: Baseball and cricket may both be considered bat-and-ball sports, but in actuality, they differ significantly across various dimensions.
Playing Field: Baseball field is diamond-shaped, while a cricket field is oval-shaped. The cricket field is also larger than the Baseball field.
Number of players: In baseball, each team has nine players on the field, while in cricket, there are eleven players on each team.
Equipment: Baseball players use a round bat, while cricket players use a flat bat with a long handle. A cricket ball is also smaller (22.4 -22.9 cm circumference) than a baseball (22.9 - 23.5 cm circumference)
Scoring: In baseball, a team makes a run whenever one of their players completes a full circuit of the bases, while in cricket, a team gets runs by hitting the ball and then running back and forth between two sets of wickets. |
### Human: Why do players smear black under their eyes? ### Assistant: Black eye smear reduces the blinding sunlight when looking up towards the sun, when catching/hitting the ball |
### Human: How many hands do humans have? ### Assistant: Humans without any genetic defects or major limb injuries have two hands. However a very small number of people have zero, one, or three hands. |
### Human: What is email? ### Assistant: Email is form of electronic communication that is distributed between computers over closed and open networks. The internet is the most common network that is used for email communication. Email services that are very popular are gmail, outook, protonmail, and yahoo mail. Major fortune 500 companies all use email communication in one form or another to help their companies and people all be more productive and deliver results faster. |
### Human: What does BAFTA stands for ? ### Assistant: British Academy of Film and Television Arts |
### Human: List some beverages that you can buy at Starbucks. ### Assistant: Frappuccino, shaken espresso, caramel macchiato, refresher, hot chocolate, latte, drip coffee |
### Human: How fast can an ostrich run? ### Assistant: An ostrich can run up to 56 mph (90 km/h). It is the fastest land animal after the cheetah. |
### Human: Who were the Sumerians? ### Assistant: The Sumerian culture (3000-2350 BC) is regarded as humanity's first urban civilization. It originated in southern Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and is related to Neolithic cultures, particularly the Uruk culture. They invented the wheel and writing, had a division of labor-based organization, and were incredible builders. Their Sumerian language is unrelated to any other known language. Sumerian is a cuneiform language, with ideograms, symbols, and abstract forms representing ideas rather than specific words or sounds. |
### Human: what is the capital of China? ### Assistant: The capital of China is Beijing. |
### Human: What causes Type 2 Diabetes? ### Assistant: Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. Some people are genetically more at risk than others. |
### Human: what is the difference between a rat and a mouse ### Assistant: rat is larger mammal, mice are slender in size |
### Human: How old was Mozart when he first performed? ### Assistant: He was six years old when he first performed in front of royalty |
### Human: Kaka means parrot in which language ### Assistant: Maori |
### Human: What is behavioural economics? ### Assistant: A method of economic analysis that applies psychological insights into human behavior to explain economic decision-making. Behavioural economics, the application of psychological insights to economic theories and problems, has been growing in influence for decades.’ In short behavioural economics is a subset of the study of economics. It is a method of economic analysis that applies psychological insights into human behaviours to explain economic decision making. |
### Human: What are three capital cities in South America? ### Assistant: Three capital cities in South America are Montevideo, Quito, and Lima. |
### Human: Who were the commanders of the two armies involved in the Battle of Hastings? ### Assistant: The Norman-French army was commanded by William, the Duke of Normandy. The English army fought for King Harold Godwinson. |
### Human: What is a good park in Redmond, WA ### Assistant: Marymoor Park in Redmond, WA |
### Human: What is SQL? ### Assistant: Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized programming language that is used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data in them. |
### Human: What is the biggest dog breed in the world? ### Assistant: The great dane, originated from Germany. It is one of the two largest dog breeds together with the Irish Wolfhound. |
### Human: List five titles by Margaret Atwood. ### Assistant: The Handmaid's Tale, The Testaments, The Edible Woman, Oryx and Crake, The Year of the Flood |
### Human: Where is the baseball Hall of Fame? ### Assistant: The National Baseball Hall of Fame is a history museum and hall of fame in Cooperstown, New York. |
### Human: What is the best way to file California State Tax for Spouse Abroad in community property jurisdiction countries like China? The goal is to minimize the tax for community property income. ### Assistant: For resident spouse in California (CA) and non-resident spouse living and working in China, you can file Federal tax jointly and California state tax separately to minimize the community property income. But since both the California state and China are community property jurisdiction, only 50% of the non-resident spouse's income can be exempt from CA state tax, i.e. 100% of the resident spouse's California source income needs to be filed (50% in resident's form 540, and another 50% in non-resident's form 540NR), and 50% of non-resident spouse's foreign income needs to be filed in resident's Form 540.
Note that Foreign Tax Credit or Exemption cannot be applied to state tax like federal tax. |
### Human: What is a snowman? ### Assistant: A snowman is a replica of a human made from snow, typically by stacking three large balls of snow on top of each other. The top ball represents the head, the middle ball is the body and the lower ball are the lower extremities of the snowman. Often, a snowman will have sticks for arms and a carrot for a nose. |
### Human: What is Linux? ### Assistant: Linux is an open-source UNIX-like operating system initially developed by Linus Torvalds and now with thousands of contributors around the world. Linux is actually the operating system kernel and the other components necessary to form an operating system are coming from other open source projects and in particular the GNU project. For this reason, the operating system is sometimes referred to as GNU/Linux. |
### Human: Which player has won the most Superbowls? ### Assistant: Tom Brady |
### Human: Where is Michael Phelps from? ### Assistant: Baltimore, Maryland |
### Human: What is the pattern in this sequence and what is the next number: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 ### Assistant: In this sequence the pattern is that each number is the sum of the two previous numbers. Therefore the next number in this sequence is 21. |
### Human: Who was the original lead singer of the band Linkin Park? ### Assistant: Chester Bennington was one of the original lead singers of Linkin Park. |
### Human: What is the capital of Kansas? ### Assistant: Topeka is the capital of Kansas |
### Human: What are the interesting facts about Shakespeare? ### Assistant: - Shakespeare's father made gloves for a living.
- Shakespeare had seven siblings.
- Shakespeare married an older, pregnant lady at 18.
- Shakespeare was an actor, as well as a writer. |
### Human: Which Super Bowl Halftime Show performer was upstaged by a dancing shark? ### Assistant: Katy Perry. |
### Human: What is sphingosine? ### Assistant: Sphingosine (2-amino-4-trans-octadecene-1,3-diol) is an 18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which forms a primary part of sphingolipids, a class of cell membrane lipids that include sphingomyelin, an important phospholipid. |
### Human: Give me the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication ### Assistant: Here is the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication:
1. The Hobbit
2. The Fellowship of the Ring
3. The Two Towers
4. The Return of the King
5. The Silmarillion
6. Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth
7. The Children of Hurin
8. Beren and Luthien
9. The Fall of Gondolin |
### Human: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Justman? ### Assistant: Benedict I Justman, known also as Benedict Rivers, Benedict the Bold, and Benedict the Just |
### Human: What are hiccups and why do we get them? ### Assistant: "Hiccup comes from the Latin phrase "to catch one's breath while sobbing". Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm that produces a "hic" sound. The time between these "hics" can be erratic but are usually pretty consistant. Pregnant women have been known to say they can feel their unborn babies hiccuping in the womb.
If you wait long enough hiccups usually just go away on their own.
There are many "Folk cures" for hiccups. These are very varied. There are no real medical remedies. The more people you talk to the more varied these remedies are. Everyone seems to have their own unique remedy.
Some of these include: head standing, drinking a glass of water upside-down, being frightened by someone, breathing into a bag, eating a large spoonful of peanut butter and placing sugar on or under the tongue and my favorite -Drinking through a straw with the ears plugged! |
### Human: Prince introduced his iconic symbol on the cover of which single? ### Assistant: 1999. |
### Human: What is a pronoun? ### Assistant: A pronoun is word which is used to refer to something when a noun is not used. Examples of pronoun words are he, she, it, myself, herself, and himself. In a sentence you will see the pronoun used like this "John went the store to buy himself and apple and crackers." In this context John is a proper noun and the pronoun is himself which refers to John. Another way to consider a pronoun is that it is a less explicit or indirect reference to something. |
### Human: How many different Star Trek television series and movies were there in total? ### Assistant: In total, there were 21 when you add both the eight television series and 13 movies. |
### Human: When did Massachusetts become a state? ### Assistant: Massachusetts became a state on February 6, 1788. |
### Human: How to tell if someone told a good joke? ### Assistant: You can tell if someone said a good joke if it makes a person laugh or giggle after it was communicated. You can also tell if a good joke was said by an audience reaction to the joke, if they cheer, or if they boo. Booing is a sign the joke was not so good, and cheering is a sign the joke was good. A reaction of silence to a joke means the joke was not understood. If you or an audience don't understand the context of joke make sure to ask for clarification so you can take part in cheering or booing depending on how you respond to it. |
### Human: List the seven episode titles from the seventh season of "Game of Thrones" in broadcast order. ### Assistant: Dragonstone, Stormborn, The Queen's Justice, The Spoils of War, Eastwatch, Beyond the Wall, The Dragon and the Wolf |
### Human: What color do most people perceive the sky to be on a sunny day? ### Assistant: Most people perceive the sky to be blue on a sunny day. |
### Human: When did the Netherlands host the Summer Olympics? ### Assistant: The Netherlands hosted the Summer Olympics in 1928. |
### Human: what is the difference between a tale and a tail ### Assistant: tale is a noun referencing narration events vs a tail could be rear end of an animal |
### Human: What does the Latin phrase mea culpa mean in English? ### Assistant: Mea culpa means “my fault” in English. |
### Human: Who was declared as Person of the Year by Time Magazine in 2019? ### Assistant: Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist who is known for challenging world leaders to take immediate action for climate change mitigation. |
### Human: What is a circle? ### Assistant: A circle is a geometric shape. It is primarily defined by a center point, and a circumference around that point at a fixed radius. What differs a circle from other shapes is that it does not have any edges. |
### Human: What does democratizing data mean? ### Assistant: Making data accessible to all people and educating people on how to work with data, no matter their technical background. |
### Human: What was the first credit card ### Assistant: Diners Club |
### Human: Which Alanis Morissette song contains the phrase "jagged little pill" (the title of her debut album)? ### Assistant: "You learn". |
### Human: Panchatantra stories were written by ### Assistant: Panchatantra stories were written by Kautilya in Sanskrit. The stories are about animals and humans living together in harmony. They teach valuable lessons about justice, compassion, and loyalty. |
### Human: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Banefort? ### Assistant: The name nor identity of the Banefort house's founder is unknown. They are only referred to as The Hooded Man. |
### Human: Who is Marika Labancz ### Assistant: Marika Labancz (born 23 July 1978) is a Hungarian alpine skier. She competed in the women's slalom at the 1998 Winter Olympics. |
### Human: What is heliocentrism? ### Assistant: Heliocentrism is an astronomical model in which the sun lies at the center, and planets revolve around it. The model was published by Nicolaus Copernicus shortly before his death in 1543, and became one of the most significant events in the history of science. Before the acceptance of heliocentrism, it was widely believed that Earth was the center of the entire universe. |
### Human: Count de Grisly was the first to perform what trick in 1799 ### Assistant: Saw woman in half |
### Human: Is Yoga effective in losing weight? ### Assistant: Yoga helps burn calories. Specific forms of Yoga like Vinayasa, Ashtanga and Power Yoga help burn more calories since your body is mostly moving throughout the practice.
Being consistent and having a balanced diet goes hand in hand with any form of workout if one wishes to lose weight. Yoga can also help increase muscle mass and tone.
While practicing Yoga, one is constantly focusing on the breathing with each change in posture which helps increases mindfulness as well. Various researches have also shown that yoga also helps in managing stress and improve your mood. |
### Human: On what date was the country of Belize granted independence? ### Assistant: Belize was granted independence from the British Empire on September 21, 1981. |
### Human: Why sport cricket is so famous? ### Assistant: Cricket is a very interesting and engaging sport which is celebrated vastly in many nations like India, Australia, England, South Africa etc. Because of the popularity of cricket, it attracts big sponsors and investments globally |
### Human: Why would an NHL team want to lose to be last in the standings? ### Assistant: While winning is ultimately the goal of professional sports teams, in many sports leagues, including the National Hockey League (NHL), teams that are worse get higher draft picks in the upcoming year's entry draft.
Having a higher pick in the entry draft can be very valuable, since it is one of the best ways to get a very talented player on your team. For example, Sidney Crosby, and Connor McDavid, widely considered to be the best players in the NHL were both first overall picks in their drafts. |
### Human: What does "time flies" mean? ### Assistant: When we are busy and having fun, our brains perceive time passage differently. Hence the expression time flies. |
### Human: What are the pros and cons of denormalizing data sets? ### Assistant: The pro for denormalizing data is to optimize for scan related queries of data and data serving. The con is that denormalization increases data latency due to the re-building of the materialized view. |
### Human: What are the four major tournaments for the Professional Golfers Association? ### Assistant: The four major tournaments for the Professional Golfers' Association (PGA) Tour are the Masters, the PGA Championship, the US Open, and the British Open. The Masters is the first tournament of the calendar year and is held in April in Augusta, Georgia, USA. The PGA Championship comes second and is held in May followed by the US Open in June and the British Open in July. The PGA Championship, US Open, and British Open are held at different venues each year whereas the Masters tournament is always held at Augusta National Golf Club. The Masters, US Open, and British Open all welcome qualifying amateurs and professionals alike whereas the PGA Championship is limited to professionals only. |
### Human: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Grafton? ### Assistant: Gerold Grafton |
### Human: Who is the most famous left-handed baseball player? ### Assistant: Babe Ruth |
### Human: What is a newspaper? ### Assistant: A newspaper is a daily printed publication delivered to your house or place of business. It is made our of folded sheets of printed paper, and it contains current and prior day events also called news. You will also find advertisements and different correspondences in it as well. It is a great way to stay up to date with current events, and you will have to pay to get a newspaper subscription delivered daily or weekly. |
### Human: What caused the millenium tower to sink in san francisco? ### Assistant: The critics blame the city for allowing Millennium partners to anchor the building into packed sand rather than bedrock. The problem with Millennium tower arose because the 60 to 90-foot-long friction piles supporting it were driven into sandy soil rather than the bedrock, 200 feet down. |
### Human: What is the difference between AWD and 4WD? ### Assistant: AWD is a system that without driver intervention, shifts power between the rear and front wheels. This system is typically found on light-duty SUVs or passenger cars. The AWD drive system is designed for mild inclement weather conditions such as light snow, ice and rain. It is not designed for off-roading or severe weather conditions such as heavy snow or mud. This is where the 4WD system comes into the picture.
4WD is a system that includes a transfer case that directly applies power to the rear axle, both front and rear axles and in some cases, only to the front axle. In addition, some 4WD systems include lower gear ratio options, locking hubs and lockers in the axles that force an equal amount of power to each wheel. All this taken together enables a 4WD system to enable a vehicle to navigate through deep snow, mud, over rocks and other obstacles with ease. The 4WD system is most commonly found on trucks, Jeeps and other purpose-built vehicles designed for heavy-duty use, whether for work or pleasure. |
### Human: What is FrieslandCampina? ### Assistant: FrieslandCampina is one of the biggest dairy companies in the world. Their headquaters is in the Netherlands in Amersfoort. Its main brands are Friesche Vlag (or Frisian Flag in Indonesian market), Chocomel, Fristi, Friso, Dutch Lady, Milner, Campina, Landliebe, Optimel, Mona and "Mix'it" |
### Human: What are the three biggest cities by population in Spain? ### Assistant: The three biggest cities by population in Spain are Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia. |
### Human: How would you book the cheapest rental car in a foreign country? ### Assistant: To book the cheapest and best rental car you could start using popular aggregator websites such as Kayak and Expedia to find the best prices from large domestic car rental companies with foreign operations. Next, you can make a search for local car rental companies in the area you are travelling to, and make calls or visit their website. This may require you to speak a local language. Finally, you can utilize alternative car rental companies such as Turo if they are available in the region you are travelling to. |
### Human: What is a genome-wide association study (GWAS)? ### Assistant: In genomics, a genome-wide association study (GWA study, or GWAS), is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait. GWA studies typically focus on associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and traits like major human diseases, but can equally be applied to any other genetic variants and any other organisms.
When applied to human data, GWA studies compare the DNA of participants having varying phenotypes for a particular trait or disease. These participants may be people with a disease (cases) and similar people without the disease (controls), or they may be people with different phenotypes for a particular trait, for example blood pressure. This approach is known as phenotype-first, in which the participants are classified first by their clinical manifestation(s), as opposed to genotype-first. Each person gives a sample of DNA, from which millions of genetic variants are read using SNP arrays. If there is significant statistical evidence that one type of the variant (one allele) is more frequent in people with the disease, the variant is said to be associated with the disease. The associated SNPs are then considered to mark a region of the human genome that may influence the risk of disease.
GWA studies investigate the entire genome, in contrast to methods that specifically test a small number of pre-specified genetic regions. Hence, GWAS is a non-candidate-driven approach, in contrast to gene-specific candidate-driven studies. GWA studies identify SNPs and other variants in DNA associated with a disease, but they cannot on their own specify which genes are causal.
The first successful GWAS published in 2002 studied myocardial infarction. This study design was then implemented in the landmark GWA 2005 study investigating patients with age-related macular degeneration, and found two SNPs with significantly altered allele frequency compared to healthy controls. As of 2017, over 3,000 human GWA studies have examined over 1,800 diseases and traits, and thousands of SNP associations have been found. Except in the case of rare genetic diseases, these associations are very weak, but while they may not explain much of the risk, they provide insight into genes and pathways that can be important. |
### Human: How is plastic made? ### Assistant: Plastic is made from oil, natural gas and even plant oils during refining of these oils into other products like gasoline. Ethane and propane are created when treated with heat during a refinery process called cracking. This turns the Ethane and propane into ethylene and propylene which are used with other chemical ingredients to create polymers that are the base of what plastic is made out of. |
### Human: What is the route to eternal happiness? ### Assistant: Being at peace with oneself is the route to happiness. When our minds are not running after material goals but instead being comfortable in the current and now, that's what leads to sustained happiness. Else one is running after temporal happiness, which come in the form of something that satisfies us in the moment but us not sustaining - e.g. watching TV or eating good food. Eternal happiness comes from the state of mind and not from achieving a goal we are conditioned towards |
### Human: what makes the Sun bright ? ### Assistant: The sun is a huge massive sphere of gas and it is powered by the energy released by turning hydrogen to helium at its core. This process is called nuclear fusion reaction. Nuclear fusion involves two or more nuclei combining together to form one or more different atomic nuclei. Nuclear fusion releases termendous amount of energy in the form of light and heat. |
### Human: What does "digital nomads" mean? ### Assistant: Digital nomads are professionals who use technology and the internet to do their jobs while traveling and living a nomadic life. Digital nomads work remotely, instead of going to a company's office or headquarters. |
### Human: What number octane gas should be used for combustion engines in vehicles? ### Assistant: Manufacturers list the minimal octane to be used on specific vehicles in the owners manual. Always check the manual to be sure the proper fuel is being used. An octane number such as 87, 91, 93 indicates the amount of heat tolerance of the fuel before igniting inside the engine cylinder. The higher the octane number, the higher heat tolerance. If you use the wrong octane in a vehicle, such as using 87, rather than 93 for a high performing turbo or supercharged vehicle, the engine could produce knock or pre-detonation. Knock occurs when the timing of of the air and fuel mixture in the cylinder explodes too early and can cause serious damage to the engine components. Knock is also something you can hear and feel and can be noticed by the driver. Having the detonation of the air and fuel, produced by the spark plug that is intended from the factory is optimal for the longevity of the vehicle. |
### Human: Who is the most sensational player in MLB today? ### Assistant: Shohei Ohtani |
### Human: When was the Victorian Football League renamed to the Australian Football League? ### Assistant: 1990 |
### Human: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to Indian children soon after birth to protect them against which disease? ### Assistant: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to Indian children soon after birth to protect them against Tuberculosis |
### Human: What is industrial espionage? ### Assistant: Industrial espionage, economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage is a form of espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of purely national security.
While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations. |
### Human: Who was the mascot of 13th South Asian Games (SAG) ### Assistant: A pair of blackbucks |
### Human: What are the words of House Buckwell? ### Assistant: "Pride and Purpose" |
### Human: What are the pros and cons of charging your Tesla at home? ### Assistant: The most convenient way to charge your EV is to charge it at home overnight while you sleep. Home chargers tend to be slow chargers which reach around 3.6 - 7 kW, although you can also charge using your home’s plug sockets which charge at speeds of around 2.3 kW.
Pros
Charging your Tesla Model Y at home overnight is probably the cheapest, most cost-efficient way to charge your EV. This is because off-peak energy prices are significantly cheaper than peak charging. Model Ys come with an adapter wire, allowing you to charge your EV using your home's plugs easily.
If you're interested in charging at home, installing a home charging unit could be worth your time. Over time this could save you money. There are grants available to help you afford a home charger.
The OZEV Chargepoint Grant is up to £350 or 75% off the fully installed charge point cost if specifics are met. There is also the Scottish EST Domestic Chargepoint Grant which gives you up to £300 and can be used alongside the OZEV Chargepoint Grant.
Cons
Home chargers rarely exceed speeds of 7 kW. This means charging the Tesla Model Y's large battery would take a long time. If you don't invest in a home charging station, it might also be risky to home charge as the 3-pin plug can damage your home's wiring.
If you choose to charge during the day, it can also get quite expensive and may not compare favourably with public charging stations, despite being much slower. |
### Human: Name some popular breakfast foods in the United States ### Assistant: In the United States of America popular breakfasts include bacon and eggs, waffles, French toast, cereal and pancakes |
### Human: Where was 52nd International Film Festival of India held ? ### Assistant: Goa (Nov 20 to Nov 28) |
### Human: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Lannister? ### Assistant: Lann the Clever |
### Human: What is 'karma' according to Buddhism? ### Assistant: Karma is a central and fundamental aspect of Buddhist doctrine common to all traditions of Buddhism. The Buddhist concept of Karma is a natural process that operates with all our volitional actions and which does not need an external agency or power that sits in judgement.
Karma in Buddhism should not be considered as moral justice, or a method of reward and punishment, that needs an external body or authority to decide whom or what should be punished and rewarded. It is believed that Gautama Buddha attained complete insight into how the process of Karma works during the night of his full enlightenment when, through the divine eye (dibbacakku), Buddha saw how other beings die and are reborn in happy and unhappy states according to their Karma.
According to the Cula-kammavibhanga sutta of the Majima Nikava (collection of the middle length discourses of the Buddha), a young brahmin by the name of Subha had approached the Buddha and inquired as to why there was so much inequality among human beings in terms of being short-lived or long-lived, sickly or healthy, ugly or beautiful, powerful or powerless, poor or rich, low-born or high-born, ignorant or intelligent, etc. Buddha had then explained that:
"all living beings are the owners of their actions, heirs to their actions, they originate from their actions, they are related through their actions, they have their actions as their refuge and that it is action or Karma that distinguishes beings as inferior and superior
The word Karma in Pali, and karma in Sanskrit, means action but encompasses only actions that are intentional, volitional and willful and which will lead to consequences sooner or later. The mind (citta) by itself cannot perform or direct any mental, verbal or physical action and it is the intention, will, mental effort or volition (cetana) that directs any mental, verbal or physical action.
Thus the Buddha declared:
"Cetanaham bhikkhave kammam vadami
Cetayitva kammam karoti, kayena, vacaya, manasa"
"It is volition that I call Karma, by volition one performs Karma through body, word or mind." |
### Human: Give me a summary about St Paul's Cathedral ### Assistant: St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade I listed building. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. The present structure, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the city after the Great Fire of London. The earlier Gothic cathedral (Old St Paul's Cathedral), largely destroyed in the Great Fire, was a central focus for medieval and early modern London, including Paul's walk and St Paul's Churchyard, being the site of St Paul's Cross.
The cathedral is one of the most famous and recognisable sights of London. Its dome, surrounded by the spires of Wren's City churches, has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 ft (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome is still one of the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom, after Liverpool Cathedral. |
### Human: What is the difference between coffee and espresso? ### Assistant: Espresso is a type of coffee. More specifically, it's a method of brewing coffee that uses high water pressure and finely ground beans to make a small, concentrated shot. Espresso has a top layer of foam known as the crema, which is a by-product of the high-pressure extraction process.
When ordering a "coffee" in America, you will most likely get a drip coffee which is also a type of coffee. When you order un caffè (a coffee) in Italy, you will most likely receive an espresso. |
### Human: How do you make wine? ### Assistant: Wine is made from grapes. You first need to harvest or collect the grapes and then take them off the stem. Next you need to crush the grapes and get as much juice out of them as possible. Then you let the grapes ferment for many weeks or months and during the fermentation process alcohol will be released. Then you can siphon the wine in the barrels or let the wine age longer and then get it ready for bottling or corking / capping. |
### Human: How do archaeologist use stratigraphy? ### Assistant: Stratigraphy is very important for archaeologists and is used to interpret time and space within a site. In general, the soil horizons near the top are the most recent and those lower down are older. Stratigraphy can help archaeologist determine how old a site is as well as different events that might have taken place at the site. |
### Human: What is meant by the saying “break a leg”? ### Assistant: “Break a leg” is a way to wish someone good luck, especially before a performance. |
### Human: What is Megan Rapinoe's soccer jersey number? ### Assistant: 15 |
### Human: Who was Bhagat Singh? ### Assistant: Bhagat Singh was a freedom fighter born in undivided India on 27th September 1907 and was hanged to death by the British Empire at a young age of 23 years on 23rd March 1931. |
### Human: Who are the contenders for the World Chess Championship in 2023? ### Assistant: Ian Nepomniachtchi from Russia up against Ding Liren from China |