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14 | parent taxon | white ibis | Threskiornis | ['slow loris', 'mollies', 'whitefishes', 'araceae', 'branta', 'sheet weaver', 'buckwheat family', 'lestidae', 'alcid', 'dactyloidae', 'ranellidae', 'stone loaches', 'metasequoia', 'beech tree', 'thylacinus', 'bufonids', 'varanid', 'montiaceae', 'panicum', 'magnoliaceae', 'angelica', 'honey fungus', 'pterophoridae', 'seal', 'clavicipitaceae', 'malva', 'electric ray', 'epitoniidae', 'katydid', 'sympetrum', 'ash tree', 'symplocaceae', 'scardinius', 'calystegia', 'etmopterus', 'sapodilla family', 'prickly pear cactus', 'oryzomys', 'aconite', 'bladderwort family', 'pterosaur', 'choristodere', 'calamagrostis', 'pterocarpus', 'rabbit', 'tyrannosaur', 'calycanthaceae', 'hymenopodidae', 'polygalaceae', 'poaceae', 'phylloscopidae', 'paeonia', 'wild onion', 'pterodroma', 'melanthiaceae', 'heterobranchia', 'convolvulaceae', 'larch', 'pipidae', 'peirosaurid', 'reoviridae', 'ictiobus', 'metriorhynchid', 'eurypterida', 'snakehead', 'turritellidae', 'dogfish', 'dictyoptera', 'mauremys', 'gentiana', 'cottonwood', 'baobabs', 'cycad', 'neoplagiaulacidae', 'hyla', 'arum family', 'sylviidae', 'colletid', 'sunflower family', 'orchids', 'sarcopterygii', 'honey mushroom', 'amphibia', 'ginkgoaceae', 'cyclobalanopsis', 'mallow', 'honeysuckle', 'elm bark beetle', 'areca', 'tupelo', 'orchid bee', 'setophaga', 'butterflies', 'mycobacterium', 'jasmine', 'furnarius', 'tillandsioideae', 'nectomys', 'african elephant'] | Black-headed ibis | The black-headed ibis or Oriental white ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) is a species of wading bird of the ibis family Threskiornithidae which breeds in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from northern India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka east up to Japan. It builds a stick nest in a tree and lays 2–4 eggs. It occurs in marshy wetlands inland and on the coast, where it feeds on various fish, frogs and other water creatures, as well as on insects. It walks about actively on marshy land probing with its bill into soft mud and often feeds in shallow water with its head momentarily submerged. Like storks and Spoonbills, it lacks a true voice-producing mechanism and is silent except for peculiar ventriloquial grunts uttered when nesting. Adults are typically 75 cm long and white-plumaged, with some greyer areas on the wings. The bald head, the neck and legs are black. The thick down curved bill is dusky yellow.In breeding,plumage some slaty grey on scapulars and in wings and ornamental plumes at base of the neck. Sexes are similar, but juveniles have whiter necks and a black bill. |
14 | parent taxon | aquatic warbler | Acrocephalus | ['chelicerata', 'sisoridae', 'tetraodontiformes', 'laniidae', 'sauropod', 'daisy family', 'liquidambar', 'flax family', 'adders', 'sedum', 'froglet', 'fungi', 'plasmodium', 'shield bug', 'guava', 'dolomedes', 'yam family', 'puffinus', 'influenza a virus', 'hominoidea', 'hominidae', 'galerida', 'elapid', 'lanius', 'lotus', 'mouse deer', 'pomacentridae', 'sillaginidae', 'podocarp', 'naja', 'branchinectidae', 'metalmark', 'bullhead catfish', 'homo', 'loosestrife family', 'persea', 'asteraceae', 'hygrophoraceae', 'cichlid', 'lambeosaurine', 'plethodontid', 'cephalopods', 'moraceae', 'bilaterally symmetrical', 'oleaceae', 'togavirus', 'soldierfish', 'dilleniaceae', 'dicynodont', 'cervus', 'banana family', 'cherry', 'lespedeza', 'cacatua', 'bauhinia', 'nightshade family', 'eriobotrya', 'pepper tree', 'cerithiidae', 'captorinid', 'gibbon', 'true frog', 'formica', 'cirsium', 'megabats', 'sympetrum', 'pollock', 'potamogetonaceae', 'chiroptera', 'monticola', 'phalanger', 'longhorn beetle', 'lycaenid butterflies', 'rupicapra', 'swallow family', 'platyhelminth', 'apium', 'swallowtail butterflies', 'cranesbill', 'blechnaceae', 'nyctibiidae', 'crocodylomorphs', 'strix', 'icterid', 'lasius', 'scorpaenidae', 'lagomorpha', 'sauropodomorph', 'black widow', 'tamaricaceae', 'cichorieae', 'bradypterus', 'rhinocryptidae', 'stachys', 'bothriembryontidae', 'bacillus', 'mimid', 'caricaceae', 'amphibian'] | Aquatic warbler | The aquatic warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola) is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds in temperate eastern Europe and western Asia, with an estimated population of 15,000 pairs. It is migratory, wintering in west Africa. After many years of uncertainty, the wintering grounds of much of the European population were finally discovered in Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary, Senegal, with between 5-10,000 birds present at this single site. Its south-westerly migration route means that it is regular on passage as far west as Great Britain and Ireland. This small passerine bird is a species found in wet sedge beds with vegetation shorter than 30 cm. Drainage has meant that this species has declined, and its stronghold is now the Polesie region of south Belarus, where 70% of the world's population breeds. 3-5 eggs are laid in a nest in low vegetation. This species is highly promiscuous, with most males and females having offspring with multiple partners (Leisler & Wink 2000). This is a medium-sized warbler. The adult has a heavily streaked brown back and pale underparts with variable streaking. The forehead is flattened, there is a prominent whitish supercilium and crown stripe and the bill is strong and pointed. It can be confused with juvenile sedge warbler, which may show a crown stripe, but the marking is stronger in this species, which appears paler and spiky-tailed in flight. The sexes are identical, as with most warblers, but young birds are unstreaked on the breast below. Like most warblers, it is insectivorous, but will take other small food items, including berries. The song is a fast, chattering ja-ja-ja punctuated with typically acrocephaline whistles. |
14 | parent taxon | Oecophorinae | concealer moth | ['iguanid', 'patellogastropoda', 'giant mouse lemur', 'sapotaceae', 'agaricales', 'amaranthaceae', 'veronica family', 'tamarix', 'quercus', 'tringa', 'orangutan', 'ambystoma', 'madrona', 'arum lily', 'cedars', 'colchicaceae', 'ascomycete', 'hylaeamys', 'hominin', 'pink family', 'old world fruit bats', 'apple', 'rhizodont', 'tanacetum', 'red', 'clausena', 'boxwood', 'baobabs', 'cutthroat', 'poison dart frog', 'crocodilian', 'wild strawberry', 'morchellaceae', 'berberidaceae', 'capreolus', 'guaiac', 'chinchillidae', 'monocotyledonous', 'medicago', 'flatfish', 'iguana', 'sedge', 'ground sharks', 'lime', 'serranidae', 'lagerstroemia', 'dasylirion', 'hepialidae', 'cetaceans', 'pueraria', 'ziziphus', 'velvet mite', 'chironomid', 'lepidopterans', 'campanulaceae', 'ichthyosaurs', 'himantopus', 'megapodagrionidae', 'portulaca', 'dombeya', 'spleenwort', 'isoetaceae', 'fungi', 'otter', 'sunfish', 'shield bug', 'thunnini', 'celtis', 'quillworts', 'beryciformes', 'pitcairnioideae', 'melicope', 'aristida', 'scardinius', 'eriocnemis', 'abelisauridae', 'alismatales', 'acropora', 'agrobacterium', 'earwig', 'beloniformes', 'hippos', 'theridiidae', 'salamandridae', 'remingtonocetid', 'buxaceae', 'banksia', 'sebesten', 'molossidae', 'akysidae', 'ragwort', 'polypodiaceae', 'alouatta', 'apalis', 'rhamnaceae', 'osmanthus', 'myrtles', 'eulimidae', 'gomphaceae'] | Harpella forficella | Harpella forficella is a species of the concealer moth family (Oecophoridae), wherein it belongs to subfamily Oecophorinae. It is found in Europe. The wingspan is 19–29 mm. The adults fly from June to September, depending on the location. The caterpillars feed on dead wood and take two years to develop. They have also been recorded to eat the sac fungus King Alfred's Cake (Daldinia concentrica). |
14 | parent taxon | Pachliopta | Papilionidae | ['melanitta', 'pig', 'apple', 'honey', 'sagittaria', 'rattus', 'chimaera', 'homo', 'spinosaurids', 'sheep', 'cactus pear', 'copepod', 'kogia', 'bassaricyon', 'spiny lobster', 'diomedea', 'spotted deer', 'lythraceae', 'caesalpinia', 'plateosaurid', 'baurusuchid', 'malarial parasite', 'simaroubaceae', 'archosaur', 'gmelina', 'nautiloid', 'datura', 'bloodworm', 'perch', 'sculpin', 'leontopodium', 'rhizaria', 'muscicapidae', 'cypraea', 'spleenwort', 'darter', 'herpesvirales', 'spinosaurid', 'theaceae', 'pierid', 'sphenacodontid', 'liliopsida', 'vespula', 'howler monkey', 'polypodiales', 'cerradomys', 'odonates', 'softshell turtle', 'gazella', 'grape family', 'hamamelidaceae', 'squaliform', 'carangidae', 'phytophthora', 'swallow family', 'turritellidae', 'threefin blenny', 'paperbark', 'chanterelles', 'grass moth', 'tupelo', 'pepper tree', 'osmia', 'snake', 'sauropterygia', 'triatominae', 'argasid', 'pachliopta', 'acarosporaceae', 'bladderwort family', 'trichechus', 'tupaiidae', 'procellariidae', 'tamias', 'drosophila', 'felines', 'chrysopidae', 'flavivirus', 'didelphis', 'scilloideae', 'pseudechis', 'lagomorpha', 'epidendroideae', 'corylus', 'tobacco plant', 'malpighiales', 'salticus', 'flycatcher', 'merluccius', 'halictid', 'platanus', 'adoxaceae', 'raccoon', 'snappers', 'leopardus', 'geminiviridae', 'mazama', 'mustelidae', 'ostreidae'] | Pachliopta antiphus | Pachliopta antiphus is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines. The larvae feed on Aristolochia. |
14 | parent taxon | Mergus | dabbling duck | ['sedge moths', 'platanus', 'virion', 'armored dinosaurs', 'tillandsioideae', 'coral', 'parulidae', 'chenopodium', 'achira', 'caprifig', 'opisthobranchs', 'amanita', 'grossulariaceae', 'cactus', 'rockrose', 'alvarezsauridae', 'dasyproctidae', 'reduviidae', 'thea', 'stone loach', 'actinopterygii', 'gadfly petrel', 'mimid', 'cunoniaceae', 'cycas', 'cyprinid', 'catharanthus', 'phrynosomatid', 'sus', 'boletales', 'zingiber', 'linden tree', 'atriplex', 'lonicera', 'adenovirus', 'accipiter', 'hadrosaurinae', 'batfish', 'chrysomelidae', 'rock rose', 'phasianidae', 'rhinichthys', 'helianthemum', 'fungus moth', 'aphids', 'gobioidei', 'firmicutes', 'primrose', 'freshwater sculpin', 'psittaciformes', 'staphylococcus', 'sphenacodontid', 'taraxacum', 'euonymus', 'decapod', 'captorinid', 'requiem shark', 'bufonids', 'storeria', 'tardigrade', 'ovenbirds', 'poplars', 'tarantula', 'cicadellidae', 'sternorrhyncha', 'burseraceae', 'honeysuckles', 'true toads', 'adoxaceae', 'hymenoptera', 'carpobrotus', 'lynx', 'cephalon', 'osteoglossiformes', 'puffinus', 'snakeflies', 'dromaeosaurs', 'pseudomys', 'parus', 'leafhoppers', 'sea horses', 'reptantia', 'laurasiatheria', 'festuca', 'trifolium', 'coprinus', 'wentletrap', 'caniformia', 'chank shell', 'red colobus', 'aplacophora', 'marine turtles', 'iguanodont', 'entelodonts', 'orchids', 'buttercup family', 'flatwing', 'snout moths', 'pickleweed'] | Thorpe Park No 1 Gravel Pit | Thorpe Park No 1 Gravel Pit is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Surrey, England. The designated SSSI status is as it is a habitat of gadwalls (Anas strepera, a quite large species in the main dabbling duck genus) as a wintering habitat and for the other wildfowl that winter there in small but regular numbers that include goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula) and smews (Mergus albellus). |
14 | parent taxon | Xenodontinae | Colubridae | ['scarabaeidae', 'deuterostome', 'capitosauroid', 'currant', 'crane fly', 'silesaurids', 'sequoiadendron', 'pit viper', 'heterodera', 'velvet worm', 'captorhinid', 'skipper butterflies', 'capparaceae', 'fruit', 'nautiloid', 'sculpin', 'pteridaceae', 'agathis', 'bison', 'nectomys', 'sauropodomorphs', 'carpobrotus', 'catfish', 'felidae', 'paraxerus', 'linden', 'catharanthus', 'prickly pear cactus', 'thamnophis', 'puffinus', 'polypodiaceae', 'broomrape family', 'euarchonta', 'bromeliaceae', 'ascomycetes', 'golden chinquapin', 'polyporaceae', 'sea horses', 'paeony', 'gentiana', 'amanitaceae', 'snapper', 'angelica', 'paeonia', 'antiplasmodial', 'ceratitids', 'juniperus', 'dillenia', 'kogia', 'herpes', 'dilleniaceae', 'cinnamomum', 'orconectes', 'ghost pipefish', 'cetacea', 'taraxacum', 'tephritid fruit fly', 'threskiornis', 'atyid', 'hadrosaurinae', 'accipitridae', 'colchicum', 'fowl', 'fagaceae', 'archaeplastida', 'hyla', 'lagenaria', 'pterosaurs', 'dicynodont', 'theridiidae', 'linden tree', 'ascomycete', 'ladyfish', 'nepenthaceae', 'etmopterus', 'lymnaeidae', 'bromeliads', 'branta', 'carnation', 'cladonia', 'gooseberry family', 'icterus', 'caprine', 'trypanosomatid', 'wolves', 'rubiaceae', 'true weevil', 'stegosaurid', 'tyrannosaurid', 'mycena', 'afrotheria', 'scarabaeid', 'herpesvirales', 'myrmotherula', 'rabbit', 'plesiadapiformes', 'buffalo', 'stylidiaceae', 'blueberry'] | Xenodontinae | Xenodontinae is a subfamily of the Colubridae family of snakes. It encompasses a number of rear-fanged, mildly venomous snake genera, which include species such as mud snakes and New World hognose snakes. |
14 | parent taxon | deer | Cervus | ['cecropis', 'agave', 'scyliorhinidae', 'cervus elaphus', 'campanula', 'varanus', 'colletid', 'requiem shark', 'procyonid', 'cladophoraceae', 'slipper orchid', 'eulemur', 'homo erectus', 'helichrysum', 'menyanthaceae', 'nautiloid', 'sloth', 'pacific salmon', 'swamp cypress', 'ichthyosaurs', 'gobies', 'cortinarius', 'weasel shark', 'asphodeloideae', 'jasmine', 'dracaena', 'cnidarians', 'geometer moths', 'asian elephants', 'bactrocera', 'stony corals', 'carlina', 'leafhoppers', 'malva', 'passerine', 'golden chinquapin', 'galago', 'calophyllum', 'flax family', 'felis', 'polygala', 'ageratina', 'herpes', 'sea slug', 'sylvisorex', 'pomacanthus', 'ceratosaur', 'percichthyidae', 'micropterus', 'orthocerid', 'box turtle', 'asterales', 'caprine', 'pseudantechinus', 'crambidae', 'anthozoans', 'euplerid', 'galliform', 'arum lily', 'otus', 'brassicas', 'braconidae', 'african elephant', 'patagioenas', 'aconitum', 'xanthidae', 'torpedo ray', 'macaca', 'plesiosaur', 'hymenochaetaceae', 'poppy', 'stylommatophora', 'salicornia', 'pistacia', 'chanterelles', 'mammal', 'spurge family', 'corymbia', 'eudicots', 'marine hatchetfishes', 'caricaceae', 'metalmark', 'mononegavirales', 'asparagaceae', 'nautilida', 'macadamia nut', 'hydnaceae', 'platanus', 'eumops', 'cycads', 'adoxaceae', 'borophaginae', 'meridiungulate', 'amanita', 'saxifrage', 'fire ant', 'clubmoss family', 'conraua', 'plethodontid'] | Greylake | Greylake (grid reference ST384336) is a 9.3 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Middlezoy in Somerset, notified in 1987. This site, on the Somerset Levels, consists of 20 low-lying fields in the north west corner of King's Sedgemoor, and includes the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Greylake nature reserve which has taken over arable farmland and is now home to lapwings, snipe, curlews, redshanks, yellow wagtails, skylarks and meadow pipits. This location is the type section for the Pleistocene Burtle Beds, as it is probably the most complete Burtle Bedssequence in Somerset. It demonstrates a sequence of fluvial (or possibly glacial) gravels, marine intertidal silts and marine subtidal. Rich molluscan, ostracod and foraminifera assemblages and a mammalian fauna, including red deer (Cervus elephus), aurochs (Bos primigenius) and fallow deer (Dama dama) have been recorded. Greylaike was flooded during the winter flooding of 2013–14 on the Somerset Levels. |
14 | parent taxon | Aspergillus fumigatus | aspergillus | ['mollusc', 'capreolus', 'testudinidae', 'smilax', 'salix', 'allium', 'loasaceae', 'metazoans', 'pluvialis', 'caryophyllales', 'proturans', 'true frog', 'plasmodium', 'madrona', 'lupinus', 'gastropod', 'cactus pear', 'polygonaceae', 'didelphis', 'cordyline', 'lates', 'ark clam', 'pygmy possum', 'asystasia', 'galliformes', 'dragonfly', 'gray mullet', 'groundsel', 'palaeognathae', 'suncus', 'quercus', 'capsicum', 'xanthorrhoea', 'cerithiidae', 'ambystoma', 'smilacaceae', 'dandelion', 'rumex', 'sauropodomorphs', 'cisticola', 'apis', 'tapaculo', 'columbine', 'camellia', 'alisterus', 'ostreoida', 'theaceae', 'gamebird', 'avahi', 'aplacophora', 'sheep', 'katydids', 'symplocaceae', 'ornithocheiridae', 'borsoniidae', 'carlina', 'ringed seal', 'viper', 'coleophoridae', 'pteridaceae', 'trametes', 'earwig', 'sea slug', 'knapweeds', 'sarracenia', 'juneberry', 'tamias', 'fish lice', 'patellogastropoda', 'cactaceae', 'pueraria', 'secoviridae', 'chanterelle', 'cottonwood', 'hadrosaurinae', 'cordia', 'legumes', 'anglewing', 'skipper family', 'heathers', 'maccullochella', 'bearded saki', 'aquifoliaceae', 'bufonidae', 'reedmace', 'rabbit', 'limpet', 'phoxinus', 'rail family', 'myristicaceae', 'honeysuckle', 'machairodontinae', 'pterocarpus', 'yew', 'rubiaceae', 'epitoniidae', 'sapindales', 'dryopteris', 'triturus'] | Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis | Aspergillosis is an infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus. Aspergillosis describes a large number of diseases involving both infection and growth of fungus as well as allergic responses. Aspergillosis can occur in a variety of organs, both in humans and animals. The most common sites of infection are the respiratory apparatus (lungs, sinuses) and these infections can be: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis - CPA is a long-term aspergillus infection of the lung and Aspergillus fumigatus is almost always the species responsible for this illness. Patients fall into several groups as listed below. Most patients with CPA have or have had an underlying lung disease. The most common diseases include tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterium infection, stage III fibrocystic pulmonary sarcoidosis, ABPA, lung cancer, COPD and emphysema, asthma and silicosis. |
14 | parent taxon | Pteronotus | mustached bat | ['tunicata', 'psocomorpha', 'lyophyllaceae', 'tabanidae', 'ratfish', 'ferocactus', 'chinquapin', 'primrose', 'calvatia', 'saxifraga', 'hyracodontid', 'cyprinids', 'cat', 'isopods', 'brassicas', 'knotweed', 'fulmarus', 'pyralid', 'phellinus', 'tephritid fruit flies', 'salticidae', 'syzygium', 'aconite', 'cochlicopoidea', 'true bugs', 'lupinus', 'sporophila', 'crabapple', 'ammophila', 'hornbeam', 'araneus', 'flatwing', 'elephas maximus', 'cat shark', 'orcaella', 'snakefly', 'hawthorns', 'mimid', 'crocodilia', 'elephantidae', 'icterid', 'nectariniidae', 'cupressus', 'cephalopoda', 'micropterus', 'weasels', 'potamogetonaceae', 'atyid', 'bumblebee', 'goosefoot', 'petromyzontidae', 'anthozoa', 'penaeid shrimp', 'ophiocordycipitaceae', 'parvoviridae', 'crocodilian', 'virus', 'peirosaurids', 'cyprinodontidae', 'peromyscus', 'langur', 'malus', 'krascheninnikovia', 'chinchilla', 'pinus', 'allium', 'barbastella', 'sedge family', 'euphorbia', 'artocarpus', 'marasmiaceae', 'dracaena', 'sarothruridae', 'turdidae', 'hadrosaurid', 'saturniidae', 'oecophoridae', 'mentha', 'muricidae', 'cactus', 'afzelia', 'capsicum frutescens', 'sutures', 'tobacco', 'sundew', 'sculpin', 'vespidae', 'antbird', 'pseudomonas', 'melicope', 'holothuriidae', 'citron', 'paraponera', 'gaultheria', 'rhizaria', 'tropaeolaceae', 'arum', 'argasid', 'phyllaries'] | Pristine mustached bat | Pristine mustached bat Pteronotus (Phyllodia) pristinus is an extinct Late Quaternary species of bat in the endemic Neotropical family Mormoopidae. It was distributed in Cuba and possibly Florida (United States). |
14 | parent taxon | grass skipper | Hesperiidae | ['hexaprotodon', 'eriogonum', 'blackberry', 'barbastella', 'syrphidae', 'mole salamander', 'asian elephant', 'fregatidae', 'puccinia', 'myristicaceae', 'inocybaceae', 'gentian family', 'mustelidae', 'ratfish', 'salmonidae', 'clavulinaceae', 'oil palm', 'cedrus', 'hemiptera', 'rabbit', 'true weevils', 'libellulidae', 'leguminous', 'aquifoliaceae', 'erinaceidae', 'chalciporus', 'mongoose', 'phorusrhacid', 'brittle star', 'bromeliaceae', 'sporophila', 'stylidiaceae', 'canids', 'sapindales', 'russulaceae', 'capitosauroid', 'flatworms', 'shrub', 'ammonite', 'amphibian', 'stingray', 'discoglossidae', 'streptococci', 'mycobacterium', 'heterodontosaurids', 'syzygium', 'plumeria', 'gentianella', 'turdidae', 'camel', 'greenbrier', 'alligatorids', 'acinonyx', 'sauropodomorphs', 'ciliates', 'ficus', 'cranesbill', 'sciurus', 'squashes', 'sisoridae', 'phrynosomatid', 'nymphaea', 'lomandra', 'leguminosae', 'menispermaceae', 'pteridoideae', 'cobitidae', 'homarus', 'eubalaena', 'sea scorpion', 'whitefishes', 'arum family', 'titanosauria', 'stegosaur', 'krait', 'morella', 'indricotherines', 'banyan tree', 'mountain mahogany', 'carnivora', 'zamiaceae', 'melicope', 'carduelis', 'colchicum', 'slow loris', 'pastinaca', 'fir', 'formicinae', 'icterus', 'goby', 'crocodylomorphs', 'phocidae', 'pyramidellidae', 'dromaeosaur', 'cardinal family', 'trichocomaceae', 'helicoidea', 'brodiaeoideae', 'songbird'] | Polytremis | Polytremis is a mainly Eastern Palaearctic genus of grass skipper in the family Hesperiidae. |
14 | parent taxon | chank shell | Turbinellidae | ['liliopsida', 'parus', 'crocodile', 'rhinocryptidae', 'anole', 'artiodactyl', 'foraminifera', 'papaver', 'gamebird', 'amaryllidaceae', 'gastropods', 'parsley family', 'fabales', 'calliphoridae', 'syzygium', 'ranidae', 'primate', 'babirusa', 'saimiri', 'cottidae', 'homo', 'hawthorn', 'sterculia', 'corylus', 'poplars', 'schistosomatidae', 'hyphomicrobiaceae', 'brassicas', 'mangifera', 'leucaena', 'cordyline', 'myrica', 'mirza', 'gallirallus', 'honey fungus', 'cavy', 'mitosporic fungus', 'american black bear', 'globe flower', 'dendroaspis', 'leporidae', 'hedera', 'bison', 'jonquil', 'sweet gum', 'eudendriidae', 'protea', 'cuscutaceae', 'suina', 'bumblebees', 'apalis', 'fruit flies', 'falco', 'dalbergieae', 'squaliform', 'blowfly', 'cnidaria', 'nasturtiums', 'cornaceae', 'swallowtail butterflies', 'bridelia', 'pseudomonads', 'coffee', 'annona', 'mimosa', 'stone loaches', 'motacillidae', 'ray floret', 'erebidae', 'meridiungulata', 'dillenia', 'ardeola', 'taraxacum', 'agathis', 'nodosaurid', 'machairodontinae', 'old world fruit bats', 'omphalotus', 'cottonwood', 'grouse', 'ganoderma', 'protocetid', 'pierid', 'caesalpinia', 'titanosauria', 'anacardiaceae', 'crocidura', 'songbird', 'click beetle', 'hemerocallidoideae', 'rauisuchid', 'fulvetta', 'catfish', 'ulidiidae', 'glabella', 'tyrannosaurids', 'ichthyopterygia', 'pleurotaceae', 'danionin'] | Turbinella angulata | Turbinella angulata, common name the West Indian chank shell or Lamp Shell, is a species of very large tropical sea snail with a gill and an operculum, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinellidae. The name "chank" for the shell of this species is derived from the word shankha, the divine conch or sacred conch, Turbinella pyrum, a closely related species from the Indian Ocean. |
14 | parent taxon | Ploceus | Ploceidae | ['ploceus', 'oryx', 'senecio', 'bassaricyon', 'requiem shark', 'chalcidoidea', 'lady slipper', 'decapod', 'blow fly', 'knapweed', 'flea beetle', 'hominin', 'banana family', 'suina', 'crambidae', 'salmonidae', 'scleractinia', 'seahorse', 'lythraceae', 'epidendroideae', 'furnariidae', 'lophiiformes', 'weasel family', 'feliform', 'citrus fruit', 'gentian', 'mole salamander', 'ceratitid', 'ganodermataceae', 'isoetaceae', 'sutures', 'trilobite', 'saltbrush', 'berberis', 'bignoniaceae', 'tusk shell', 'asparagus family', 'oligoryzomys', 'cranesbill', 'galaxias', 'guinea pig', 'helianthemum', 'pitviper', 'maras', 'alvarezsaurids', 'amphibia', 'brassicas', 'danionin', 'kauri', 'dog family', 'ficus', 'puccinia', 'papilionidae', 'damselflies', 'ophioglossaceae', 'ornithocheiridae', 'camarasaurid', 'true frog', 'gentianaceae', 'colubridae', 'selfheal', 'sedge family', 'false hellebore', 'eryngium', 'buxaceae', 'strombidae', 'cirsium', 'chiroptera', 'cistus', 'allium', 'dalbergieae', 'cricetidae', 'fouquieria', 'globe flower', 'geranium', 'crowned pigeon', 'colchicaceae', 'thespidae', 'psilotales', 'giraffa', 'arcidae', 'taenia', 'snowdrops', 'leporids', 'nematodes', 'cannabaceae', 'amaranthaceae', 'knotweed family', 'petroica', 'poeciliidae', 'annonaceae', 'false nettle', 'hemaris', 'ovenbirds', 'mitosporic fungi', 'peromyscus', 'plethodontid', 'rattus', 'plesiosaur'] | Black-headed weaver | The black-headed weaver (Ploceus melanocephalus), also known as the yellow-backed weaver, is a species of bird in the Ploceidae family. It is found in savanna and similar habitats, typically near water, in West, Central and East Africa. It has also been introduced to Spain and Portugal.[citation needed] |
14 | parent taxon | Genista tinctoria | Genista | ['marine hatchetfishes', 'swallow family', 'salmonidae', 'xanthorrhoea', 'bilateria', 'verbascum', 'caprifoliaceae', 'melicope', 'spruce', 'opiliones', 'alligatorine', 'goodeniaceae', 'tephritidae', 'lathyrus', 'pseudomonas', 'squirrel monkeys', 'groundsel', 'pachycephalosaurids', 'composite family', 'dactyloidae', 'pteridoideae', 'sylvia', 'rorqual', 'abelisauridae', 'viperidae', 'nomascus', 'callophrys', 'achira', 'equid', 'snowdrops', 'skipper family', 'typhlopidae', 'narcissus', 'penicillium', 'pterosauria', 'raccoon', 'calophyllum', 'tyto', 'pycnonotidae', 'sea butterflies', 'stony corals', 'noctuoid moths', 'costaceae', 'hominidae', 'water turtle', 'microcebus', 'papilionaceae', 'phellinus', 'penguin', 'honeysuckle', 'polypodium', 'felid', 'prosauropod', 'cyprinidae', 'ammonite', 'false hellebore', 'perch family', 'caniformia', 'goby', 'strophariaceae', 'caecilian', 'ophiocordycipitaceae', 'tapir', 'amphibamids', 'armillaria', 'ploceus', 'iguanodont', 'capsicum frutescens', 'trichocomaceae', 'podocarpaceae', 'crustaceans', 'phyllostomidae', 'anthus', 'basidiomycota', 'trypanosomatid', 'aerodramus', 'arthropoda', 'thalasseus', 'banana cultivars', 'water hemlock', 'ursus arctos', 'lasius', 'orthoptera', 'flatworms', 'cricetidae', 'butterflies', 'sandalwood', 'mitosporic fungi', 'panthera', 'arum family', 'pine tree', 'bumblebee', 'legumes', 'boar', 'ennomos', 'blowfly', 'pill bugs', 'juglans', 'daffodils'] | Trifurcula beirnei | Trifurcula beirnei is a moth of the Nepticulidae family. It is found in Great Britain, Denmark and parts of Germany, Poland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. It is also found in the Volga and Ural region of Russia. The wingspan is 8–11 mm. Adults are on wing from the end of June to late September. The larvae feed on Genista species, including Genista tinctoria, Genista germanica and Genista pilosa. |
14 | parent taxon | Zygophyllum | Zygophyllaceae | ['rhododendrons', 'parastacidae', 'deuterostome', 'himantopus', 'saltbush', 'ceratitid', 'salmo', 'mahogany', 'caudovirales', 'tephritid fruit flies', 'hickory nuts', 'sigmodontinae', 'rail family', 'pipefish', 'pulmonate', 'plantain family', 'gramineae', 'anacardiaceae', 'sabiaceae', 'persea', 'true weevils', 'brassicas', 'presbytis', 'longhorn beetle', 'pond turtle', 'herpestes', 'alligatorid', 'combtooth blenny', 'zosteropidae', 'uncaria', 'horseshoe crab', 'plesiosaurs', 'archosauromorph', 'varanidae', 'hadrosaurs', 'danainae', 'collemataceae', 'boxthorn', 'bursera', 'platycercus', 'butterwort', 'liliopsida', 'eriobotrya', 'nidovirales', 'polygala', 'fruit fly', 'botrychium', 'amaranths', 'sternorrhyncha', 'euplerid', 'rhinoptera', 'daffodils', 'sequoia', 'ardeidae', 'ciliate', 'phrynosomatidae', 'zygaena', 'flatwing', 'sciurus', 'pterocarpus', 'parvoviridae', 'etmopterus', 'crab apple', 'trypanosomes', 'coffee plant', 'bearded saki', 'coregonus', 'canna', 'cashew family', 'box turtle', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'mononegavirales', 'phyllostomidae', 'drosophila', 'pelomedusidae', 'glyphis', 'sheet weavers', 'strophariaceae', 'formicinae', 'heath family', 'capreolus', 'mycobacteria', 'turritellidae', 'diving petrel', 'hydrocharitaceae', 'cerradomys', 'capitosauroid', 'ericameria', 'lebiasinidae', 'apium', 'moth', 'sicista', 'berberidaceae', 'cyprinid', 'honeybees', 'smilax', 'taxus', 'heterodera', 'sea hare'] | Zygophyllum | Zygophyllum is the type genus of the flowering plant family Zygophyllaceae. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ζυγόν (zygon), meaning "yoke," and φυλλον (phyllon), meaning "leaf." It refers to the leaves, each of which have two leaflets. The more than 50 species the genus contains are distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, central Asia and Australia. Recent DNA analysis suggests that the genera Augea, Fagonia, and Tetraena are embedded in Zygophyllum. |
14 | parent taxon | Ozothamnus | daisy family | ['hickories', 'nesoenas', 'pig', 'buthidae', 'gadfly petrel', 'verbena family', 'gentian', 'cupressaceae', 'eriogonum', 'cat shark', 'fulvetta', 'heterodontosaurids', 'angelica', 'rhinoptera', 'erythrina', 'stone loaches', 'amazona', 'xanthorrhoea', 'cypsela', 'thistle tribe', 'equus ferus', 'fowl', 'barbastella', 'phacopidae', 'phyllaries', 'motacilla', 'crustacea', 'roundworms', 'aldrovanda', 'leafcutter bee', 'leafhopper', 'zygaena', 'ghost pipefish', 'spartina', 'multituberculata', 'butterwort', 'temperate perch', 'acarosporaceae', 'nolinoideae', 'chironomidae', 'bovidae', 'cucurbits', 'pucciniales', 'camaenidae', 'blind snake', 'hylomyscus', 'praying mantis', 'crape myrtle', 'wild strawberry', 'sarcopterygii', 'monocotyledons', 'rauisuchid', 'pieridae', 'epipactis', 'titanosaur', 'ciliate', 'arthropods', 'podocarp', 'taraxacum', 'cistus', 'anuran', 'crocus', 'hominin', 'hippocampus', 'orthoptera', 'panicum', 'horseshoe crab', 'osmanthus', 'coprinus', 'lomandroideae', 'agelenidae', 'homo erectus', 'dilleniaceae', 'hadrosauridae', 'gelechioid', 'opisthobranchia', 'hepialid', 'nymphalid', 'carex', 'cheilanthoideae', 'elaeocarpaceae', 'isopoda', 'branta', 'psilocybe', 'brassicales', 'achillea', 'eichhornia', 'flea', 'arums', 'salamandridae', 'oil palm', 'seal', 'sapindaceae', 'typical fulvettas', 'iguanid', 'juglandaceae', 'altingiaceae', 'fescue', 'allium'] | Ozothamnus costatifructus | Ozothamnus costatifructum is an uncommon plant in the daisy family, found in Tasmania. |
14 | parent taxon | miconia | Melastomataceae | ['phaseolus', 'nyctibiidae', 'coelophysoids', 'riodinidae', 'begoniaceae', 'coturnix', 'bauhinia', 'cynodonts', 'smilax', 'wattle', 'african elephant', 'anthias', 'zamiaceae', 'ammonite', 'mucuna', 'stegosauria', 'scilloideae', 'glaucomys', 'gorse', 'dactyloidae', 'oenanthe', 'amphipods', 'pterosaurs', 'pepper tree', 'amphibian', 'alcaligenaceae', 'maras', 'alligator', 'marmota', 'coffee plant', 'water turtle', 'leporidae', 'carya', 'macrocystis', 'pinaceae', 'taenia', 'eriophorum', 'shag', 'erinaceidae', 'mouse lemur', 'tyrannosaur', 'ammonites', 'lomandra', 'galium', 'carangid', 'sunflower', 'chaetodon', 'green lacewings', 'forficulina', 'seahorse', 'thamnophis', 'mollies', 'papilionaceae', 'syagrus', 'acipenseriformes', 'guenon', 'theria', 'mytilidae', 'opisthobranch', 'primates', 'tortrix moth', 'fruit fly', 'impatiens', 'paraponera', 'persimmon', 'ragweed', 'squaliformes', 'discoglossidae', 'true bug', 'metriorhynchidae', 'saxifrage family', 'saxifragaceae', 'plasmodium', 'arthropod', 'celtis', 'typical fulvettas', 'picornaviridae', 'tupaiidae', 'russulaceae', 'hadrosaurinae', 'quillworts', 'chelicerata', 'fungal', 'alligatoridae', 'papilionidae', 'tilapiine', 'bilateria', 'juniper', 'mongoose', 'burseraceae', 'calliphora', 'barberry family', 'maccullochella', 'oceanic dolphin', 'aconite', 'cricetidae', 'currant', 'pouteria', 'pterophoridae'] | Miconia calvescens | Miconia calvescens, the velvet tree, miconia, or bush currant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is native to Mexico and Central and South America and it has become one of the world's most invasive species. Miconia trees can flower several times a year and bear fruit simultaneously. The inflorescences are large panicles of white to light pink blossoms. The tiny purple fruits are about half a centimeter in diameter and packed with about 120–230 minuscule seeds. The sweet fruits are attractive to birds and other animals which disperse the seeds. A young tree with only two flower panicles can produce 200,000 seeds in its first fruiting season. This heavy seed production and potential for long-distance dispersal help make miconia an invasive threat. The seeds can lie dormant in the soil of the forest for more than 12 years, and whenever a break in the canopy allows sun to shine through to a patch of soil the seeds there undergo germination. Once the plants grow to full height, their enormous leaves shade out all the space below them, preventing any other plant from growing nearby. It also has a shallow root system that facilitates soil erosion. The tree can grow to a height of 15 metres (49 ft) and has very large leaves, each up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length. Its purple and green leaves with flashy white veining made it attractive as an ornamental, and it was imported to Hawaii and other new areas in the mid-twentieth century. |
14 | parent taxon | Allocosa | wolf spiders | ['hominid', 'chinquapin', 'scomberomorus', 'rhipiduridae', 'artocarpus', 'sea sponges', 'hexaprotodon', 'flamingo', 'malus', 'trilobites', 'deer', 'honeybees', 'damaliscus', 'skipper butterfly', 'euryarchaeota', 'crassula', 'cladonia', 'elm bark beetle', 'rhizodont', 'squaliform', 'apidae', 'swallow family', 'mitosporic fungus', 'wolves', 'noctuidae', 'salamandridae', 'periodical cicada', 'hominin', 'mycosphaerellaceae', 'muscicapidae', 'petromyzontidae', 'screwpine', 'nasturtium', 'fungal', 'cupressaceae', 'scyliorhinus', 'coprinus', 'dioscorea', 'rabbit', 'rhinoptera', 'pachliopta', 'polemonium', 'eriogonum', 'blackberry', 'arthropod', 'arripis', 'charadriiformes', 'nautilida', 'tetraodontiformes', 'arum', 'true grass family', 'nodosaurid', 'himantopus', 'milfoil', 'cunoniaceae', 'annonaceae', 'bug', 'cedrus', 'apocynaceae', 'carnivoran', 'ostreidae', 'pteropodidae', 'heterodontosaurids', 'opuntia', 'sebesten', 'crab', 'scolopacidae', 'arachnida', 'lupine', 'snappers', 'rhabdoviridae', 'cotton', 'paeoniaceae', 'verbascum', 'xanthorrhoea', 'tricholomataceae', 'titanosaur', 'icterus', 'cnidarians', 'sea horses', 'palm family', 'olive family', 'lepilemur', 'dipteran', 'knotweed', 'snout moths', 'accipitridae', 'dicynodont', 'fabales', 'bovidae', 'hickory nuts', 'blenniidae', 'angelica', 'persimmon', 'mycobacterial', 'chrysobalanaceae', 'pluvialis', 'cactaceae', 'haliotidae'] | Allocosa | Allocosa is a spider genus of the Lycosidae family (wolf spiders). The about 140 recognized species are spread worldwide. |
14 | parent taxon | Urophora | fruit flies | ['cinnamomum', 'skullcap', 'impatiens', 'salvia', 'cnidaria', 'treeshrew', 'praying mantis', 'king snake', 'whitefishes', 'malarial parasite', 'lupinus', 'cyclobalanopsis', 'herpesviruses', 'tupaiidae', 'loranthaceae', 'sedge moths', 'hickories', 'phocidae', 'mamenchisaurid', 'damselflies', 'sisorid', 'baobabs', 'hymenopodidae', 'frangipani', 'tobacco plant', 'shield bug', 'crab', 'felis silvestris', 'jewelweed', 'capitosauroid', 'pueraria', 'pan', 'ascomycetes', 'alvarezsaurids', 'apple', 'nymphaea', 'capsicum frutescens', 'baetidae', 'orchidoideae', 'hippos', 'dytiscidae', 'isoetes', 'goral', 'ranunculales', 'orb weaver', 'osteichthyans', 'phylloscopidae', 'fowl', 'citrus fruit', 'weasel family', 'trichocomaceae', 'potamogetonaceae', 'betulaceae', 'araliaceae', 'archaeplastida', 'cucurbitaceae', 'phalanger', 'scarab', 'sillago', 'megabat', 'icterid', 'krascheninnikovia', 'fire ant', 'saltator', 'daisies', 'bark beetle', 'cisticolidae', 'ovenbirds', 'dikarya', 'purslane', 'eupomatiaceae', 'pseudomys', 'cantharellus', 'ground shark', 'emydidae', 'ceratitids', 'hazel', 'apalis', 'paradisaeidae', 'eichhornia', 'pyralid', 'camaenidae', 'ammophila', 'coral', 'purshia', 'broomrape family', 'bean family', 'anglerfish', 'false pipefish', 'torpedo ray', 'hadrosaurine', 'gray wolf', 'skimmer', 'shigella', 'rhododendron', 'geomyidae', 'dusicyon', 'psocomorpha', 'theaceae'] | Urophora nigricornis | Urophora nigricornis is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Urophora of the family Tephritidae. |
14 | parent taxon | Hyphomycetes | anamorphic | ['tarantula', 'mustela', 'pierid', 'castanea', 'macraucheniidae', 'lemuridae', 'butterflies', 'assassin bug', 'phytosaur', 'fusarium', 'latrodectus', 'lycaenidae', 'sunflower tribe', 'lagenaria', 'rangifer', 'reptantia', 'carnivoran', 'selfheal', 'snowdrops', 'gilled mushroom', 'ratfish', 'scardinius', 'arachis', 'scarabaeidae', 'mosasaur', 'nidovirales', 'fish', 'araneus', 'helianthemum', 'ammonoidea', 'chital', 'loricariidae', 'canidae', 'walnut', 'lemna', 'caliciaceae', 'clavariaceae', 'panthera leo', 'litoria', 'tephritid fruit flies', 'lates perch', 'insect', 'poeciliids', 'ranunculaceae', 'smilacaceae', 'barbarea', 'coffea', 'mountain mahogany', 'araneae', 'mimosa', 'blow fly', 'dandelion tribe', 'symplocaceae', 'sequoia', 'polygala', 'aerodramus', 'butterwort', 'cardinal family', 'juncaceae', 'barberry family', 'delphinidae', 'bald cypress', 'rutilus', 'archosauromorpha', 'nyctibiidae', 'anagallis', 'nightshade', 'boletus', 'vespidae', 'hygrophoraceae', 'poppies', 'promastigote', 'ciliates', 'fruit flies', 'grass tree', 'onobrychis', 'isopods', 'crocodilian', 'remingtonocetid', 'phalacrocoracidae', 'loganiaceae', 'carangidae', 'cyprinid', 'garryaceae', 'cortinarius', 'wolf hybrid', 'euglossine', 'saguinus', 'madrone', 'periodical cicadas', 'zygaena', 'faboideae', 'carpinus', 'emberiza', 'plantain', 'lotus', 'lagerstroemia', 'turbinellidae', 'bear'] | Hyphomycetes | Hyphomycetes are a form classification of Fungi, part of what has often been referred to as Fungi imperfecti, Deuteromycota, or anamorphic fungi. Hyphomycetes lack closed fruit bodies, and are often referred to as moulds (or molds). Most hyphomycetes are now assigned to the Ascomycota, on the basis of genetic connections made by life-cycle studies or by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences; many remain unassigned phylogenetically. Identification of hyphomycetes is primarily based on microscopic morphology including: conidial morphology, especially septation, shape, size, colour and cell wall texture, the arrangement of conidia as they are borne on the conidiogenous cells (e.g. if they are solitary, arthrocatenate, blastocatenate, basocatenate, or gloiosporae), the type conidiogenous cell (e.g. non-specialized or hypha-like, phialide, annellide, or sympodial), and other additional features such as the presence of sporodochia or synnemata. |
14 | parent taxon | pigeye shark | Carcharhinus | ['dorycnium', 'copepod', 'tamarisk', 'goral', 'robust australopithecines', 'asparagus family', 'wolfsbane', 'songbird', 'bryozoan', 'gallirallus', 'baobabs', 'caenogastropoda', 'macrocystis', 'clostridium', 'dracaena', 'flycatcher', 'chinchillidae', 'capitosauroid', 'velvet mite', 'opisthobranchia', 'arenga', 'paradisaeidae', 'asterids', 'tenebrionoidea', 'mirza', 'cannaceae', 'sebastes', 'pit viper', 'chiroptera', 'weaver bird', 'chinchilla rat', 'hippotragus', 'coffee', 'salamander', 'sweat bee', 'boiga', 'caesalpinia', 'larix', 'pennisetum', 'roach', 'sunflower tribe', 'persimmon', 'eulemur', 'ameiva', 'mycobacteria', 'calceolariaceae', 'adenovirus', 'sicista', 'wolf hybrid', 'himantopus', 'halictid', 'psilotales', 'voalavo', 'phytosaur', 'cantharellaceae', 'ulmus', 'mango', 'melicope', 'helvella', 'salticidae', 'symphoricarpos', 'sphenacodontidae', 'coprinus', 'archegosauridae', 'water turtle', 'peracarida', 'canna', 'mentha', 'macadamia', 'trypanosomes', 'cockle', 'ononis', 'iguana', 'rutilus', 'snapdragon', 'sea horse', 'hermit crab', 'viburnum', 'indigofera', 'ardeidae', 'crocodilia', 'swallow family', 'aesculus', 'stellaria', 'polygala', 'trypanosoma', 'camarasaurid', 'antiplasmodial', 'buxus', 'pulmonate', 'basidiomycota', 'fabaceae', 'pterocarpus', 'phytophthora', 'origanum', 'green monkeys', 'vespid', 'pappus', 'geoemydidae'] | Pigeye shark | The pigeye shark or Java shark (Carcharhinus amboinensis) is an uncommon species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, found in the warm coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic and western Indo-Pacific. It prefers shallow, murky environments with soft bottoms, and tends to roam within a fairly localised area. With its bulky grey body, small eyes, and short, blunt snout, the pigeye shark looks almost identical to (and is often confused with) the better-known bull shark (C. leucas). The two species differ in vertebral count, the relative sizes of the dorsal fins, and other subtle traits. This shark typically reaches lengths of 1.9–2.5 m (6.2–8.2 ft). The pigeye shark is an apex predator that mostly hunts low in the water column. It has a varied diet, consisting mainly of bony and cartilaginous fishes and also including crustaceans, molluscs, sea snakes, and cetaceans. This species gives birth to live young, with the developing embryos sustained to term via a placental connection to their mother. Litters of three to thirteen pups are born after a gestation period of nine or twelve months. Young sharks spend their first few years of life in sheltered inshore habitats such as bays, where their movements follow tidal and seasonal patterns. The pigeye shark's size and dentition make it potentially dangerous, though it has not been known to attack humans. The shark is infrequently caught in shark nets protecting beaches and by fisheries, which use it for meat and fins. The IUCN presently lacks adequate data to assess the conservation status of this species. |
14 | parent taxon | Spiraea alba | Spiraea | ['katydid', 'tragelaphus', 'fern', 'terror bird', 'mollusk', 'treecreepers', 'formicine ants', 'haemodoraceae', 'toad', 'wasp', 'potamogetonaceae', 'plateosaurid', 'mitosporic fungus', 'dog family', 'herpestidae', 'leuciscus', 'flax family', 'winged insects', 'randia', 'poppy family', 'onion', 'bird', 'borage family', 'mongoose', 'lobster', 'furnarius', 'oil palm', 'cichlid', 'chironomid midges', 'euphorbia', 'norovirus', 'penaeid shrimp', 'isoetaceae', 'jewelweed', 'cerithiidae', 'cannas', 'burkholderia', 'pterosauria', 'orthomyxoviruses', 'cypripedioideae', 'bryozoans', 'orconectes', 'yucca', 'eupatorieae', 'geminiviridae', 'hieracium', 'homo', 'palaeognathae', 'pluteaceae', 'bradyrhizobiaceae', 'coffee', 'vespertilioninae', 'songbird', 'poison dart frog', 'tettigoniidae', 'loricariid', 'amphibian', 'laburnum', 'promastigote', 'saxifrage', 'velvet mite', 'nectariniidae', 'alligatorids', 'iridomyrmex', 'flea beetle', 'batfish', 'opuntia', 'nyctalus', 'kalmia', 'delphinidae', 'orchid bee', 'fungus moth', 'macrocystis', 'rhus', 'nasturtium', 'skink', 'blennies', 'mazama', 'juniperus', 'bassaricyon', 'monocot', 'nautilid', 'walnut', 'cycas', 'muroidea', 'hesperiidae', 'plesiosaur', 'ankylosaur', 'akysidae', 'nettle family', 'heterodontidae', 'trypanosomes', 'amaryllidoideae', 'ploceidae', 'archaea', 'giraffa camelopardalis', 'dombeya', 'moraceae', 'herpes'] | Archips myricanus | Archips myricanus is a species of moth of the Tortricidae family. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Maine, Montana and Ontario. The wingspan is 16–18 mm. Adults are on wing from June to September. The larvae feed on Chamaedaphne calyculata, Myrica species (including Myrica gale and Myrica pensylvanica), Photinia melanocarpa, Rosa, Salix bebbiana and Spiraea species (including Spiraea alba). |
14 | parent taxon | Pseudonaja | elapids | ['oryx', 'catostomus', 'green lacewings', 'ageratina', 'cumbungi', 'felid', 'troodontidae', 'paperbark', 'gymnosperms', 'hominid', 'juniper', 'thyreophora', 'ebolavirus', 'colchicaceae', 'limpet', 'geometer moth', 'geoglossaceae', 'weasel shark', 'krascheninnikovia', 'true seal', 'ascomycetous fungi', 'cones', 'syringa', 'nautilida', 'clathrus', 'golden chinquapin', 'phytosaur', 'potentilla', 'lepidoptera', 'cantharellaceae', 'ennomos', 'dogfish', 'salix', 'dragonflies', 'hypericaceae', 'sturnidae', 'oryzomys', 'cycad', 'cercocebus', 'passiflora', 'caprimulgidae', 'tree ferns', 'verbenaceae', 'pycnonotidae', 'iridomyrmex', 'mangifera', 'serranus', 'musteloidea', 'laniidae', 'chevrotain', 'neacomys', 'lungwort', 'great ape', 'squash plants', 'opuntia', 'borophaginae', 'brodiaeoideae', 'lacewing', 'poison dart frog', 'peromyscus', 'captorinid', 'bradyrhizobiaceae', 'scyliorhinidae', 'kalmia', 'rainbow trout', 'tricholoma', 'heterodontidae', 'bactrocera', 'red', 'nautilus', 'chironomidae', 'tainocerataceae', 'tyrannosaur', 'clubmoss family', 'ash tree', 'pollack', 'pyrginae', 'picea', 'threskiornis', 'australopithecine', 'sunfish', 'phyllostomid', 'softshell turtle', 'elasmosaurid', 'cuscutaceae', 'pouteria', 'spinosaurids', 'acorus', 'pierid', 'sylvia', 'crocus', 'grasstrees', 'cercocarpus', 'gilled fungus', 'alder', 'protoceratopsid', 'cervus elaphus', 'bilateria', 'patellogastropoda'] | Constriction | Constriction is a method used by various snake species to kill their prey. Although some species of venomous and mildly venomous snakes do use constriction to subdue their prey, most snakes which use constriction lack venom. The snake initially strikes at its prey and holds on, pulling the prey into its coils or, in the case of very large prey, pulling itself onto the prey. The snake will then wrap one or two coils around the prey. The snake will monitor the prey's heartbeat to ascertain when it is dead. Contrary to myth, the snake does not crush the prey, or break its bones. Also, contrary to previous belief, the snake does not cause suffocation by constricting the victim. Instead, a study of death caused by boa constrictors, showed that constriction "shuts off" blood flow (and therefore oxygen) needed by vital organs such as the heart and brain, which would lead to unconsciousness and death very quickly – in seconds – in other words, constriction can interrupt blood flow and overwhelm the prey's usual blood pressure and circulation. Artery pressure drops, vein pressure increases, and blood vessels begin to close. The heart does not have enough strength to pump against the pressure and blood flow stops. Internal organs with high metabolic rates, including the brain, liver, and the heart begin to stop and die due to ischemia, a loss of oxygen and glucose. There is evidence that boa constrictors have more difficulty killing ectotherms, animals like lizards and snakes that rely on external heat to regulate their body temperatures. A boa constrictor was observed attacking a spinytail iguana for an hour, and the iguana survived. As this is comparatively recent research (2015), it is possible that other constrictors kill in other ways. It had previously been accepted that constrictors used their body to hold the prey tight and prevent the prey from drawing air into its lungs, resulting in death from asphyxia, or that the pressure of constriction causes a rise in the pressure in the prey's body cavity greater than the heart can counter, resulting in immediate cardiac arrest; data from earlier studies had also indicated that snakes can exert enough pressure for these to be plausible. Certain groups of snakes have characteristic patterns of constriction, including the number of coils they use and the orientation of the coils. Venomous snakes that also use constriction include the mussuranas (ophiophagous South American mildly venomous rear-fanged colubrids which uses constriction to subdue snakes including pit vipers), the western terrestrial garter snake (North American colubrid which is an inefficient constrictor and, like most Thamnophis garter snakes, mildly venomous), some species of Boiga snakes (Asian and Australian rear-fanged colubrids) including the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis), and some species of Australian elapids, including some of the venomous Pseudonaja brown snakes and one Australian coral snake Simoselaps, and a few Australian colubrids. |
14 | parent taxon | Ambloplites | Centrarchidae | ['tyrannosaur', 'lythraceae', 'flamingo', 'pseudantechinus', 'pachliopta', 'blenniidae', 'banana family', 'stinkhorn', 'ponerinae', 'caprifoliaceae', 'onion', 'spruce', 'stramenopiles', 'zygaena', 'furnariidae', 'gymnadenia', 'discosorida', 'charadriiformes', 'cypselae', 'multituberculates', 'epidendroideae', 'mycobacterial', 'myrtaceous', 'privet', 'palm oil', 'noctuoid moths', 'lepiota', 'guava', 'crustacean', 'poppy family', 'gelechioidea', 'anseriformes', 'formica', 'inocybaceae', 'giraffa', 'indriid', 'cervus canadensis', 'peracarida', 'terror bird', 'camel', 'latrodectus', 'jasmine', 'elachistidae', 'influenzavirus a', 'oviraptorid', 'scardinius', 'merluccius', 'cat shark', 'deer flies', 'lycopodiaceae', 'saxifrage', 'acer', 'lycaenid butterflies', 'char', 'bryozoans', 'colubridae', 'percichthyidae', 'artiodactyls', 'suillus', 'hyla', 'haematopodidae', 'pelargonium', 'ficus', 'xanthidae', 'cotton plant', 'ananas', 'dandelion tribe', 'turbinellidae', 'juglandaceae', 'wolf spiders', 'phyllostomidae', 'bottlenose', 'laurasiatheria', 'robust australopithecines', 'butterwort', 'phlebotomine', 'brachiosaurid', 'blow fly', 'red', 'motacilla', 'thymelaeaceae', 'megascops', 'pitcairnioideae', 'ageratina', 'calophyllum', 'gekkonidae', 'simaroubaceae', 'haplochromine', 'creeping bent', 'siluriformes', 'trilobite', 'chlorocebus', 'fern', 'gobioidei', 'corydalidae', 'lithocarpus', 'disk flowers', 'casuarinaceae', 'wild apple'] | Ozark bass | The Ozark bass (Ambloplites constellatus) is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) of order Perciformes. It is native only to the White River area of Missouri and Arkansas. While it has been transplanted to other nearby streams, there is no evidence it has become established there. A. constellatus reaches a maximum recorded overall length of 28 cm (11 in) and a maximum average weight of 450 g (1.0 lb). The world record Ozark Bass was caught in May 2014 on Norfork Lake by Dan Biery, of Clinton, Arkansas. It weighed 1 lb 1 oz. The Ozark bass prefers clear, rocky stream pools, and creeks. |
14 | parent taxon | Lepechinia | Lamiaceae | ['holothuriidae', 'caliciaceae', 'pterosauria', 'commelina', 'sea slug', 'tursiops', 'arthropods', 'rhus', 'nidovirales', 'plantae', 'eupatorieae', 'gentiana', 'sycamores', 'caniformia', 'ferocactus', 'haemodoraceae', 'cobra', 'banana family', 'hadrosaurs', 'amaranthaceae', 'hieracium', 'bryozoans', 'abrocoma', 'sedge moths', 'fir', 'sisoridae', 'prosauropod', 'langur', 'anglewing', 'teucrium', 'yam family', 'phytosaur', 'crustacean', 'buddleja', 'ecdysozoa', 'amaranths', 'south american ungulates', 'fabales', 'taraxacum', 'amaryllis family', 'hippopotamus', 'mammalia', 'tamias', 'myrmotherula', 'mastodonsauroid', 'baurusuchid', 'myotis', 'procellariidae', 'macraucheniidae', 'brachiopod', 'syzygium', 'tupaiidae', 'rhizopus', 'tanacetum', 'barnacles', 'galago', 'pseudomys', 'copepod', 'glyphis', 'placental mammals', 'caryophyllaceae', 'laeliinae', 'ramphastidae', 'iguana', 'teloschistaceae', 'columbidae', 'fig tree', 'rutilus', 'neuroptera', 'pucciniales', 'cannas', 'opuntia', 'sarcopterygii', 'thistle tribe', 'eriogonum', 'sciurini', 'adenovirus', 'suncus', 'anseriformes', 'sedum', 'protostomes', 'trypanosomes', 'skullcap', 'catshark', 'darter', 'leptotyphlopidae', 'amanitaceae', 'cypraeidae', 'louse', 'typhlopidae', 'aves', 'figs', 'hypnozoite', 'macadamia', 'boar', 'nyctaginaceae', 'pleurodira', 'chrysobalanaceae', 'akysidae'] | Ivan Lepyokhin | Ivan Ivanovich Lepyokhin (Иван Иванович Лепёхин; 10 September 1740, Saint-Petersburg – 1802, Saint-Petersburg) was a Russian naturalist, zoologist, botanist and explorer. He began his studies in the Academy of Sciences of Saint-Petersburg and gained his doctorate at faculty of medicine of the University of Strasbourg. In 1768 he explored the Volga region and the Caspian Sea. In 1769 he went to the Ural mountains which he explored for five years. In 1774 and 1775 he explored Siberia. Ivan Lepekhin was the Secretary of the Russian Academy since 1783. His extensive journals, revised and completed by Nikolay Ozeretskovsky, were published in 4 hefty volumes between 1771 and 1805. Lepekhin was in charge of the Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden from 1774 until his death. In 1804, his name was honoured in the name Lepechinia (Lamiaceae) by Carl Ludwig von Willdenow |
14 | parent taxon | Gloxinia | Gesneriaceae | ['moth', 'true bug', 'elapid', 'abrocoma', 'apodemus', 'sandalwood family', 'brittle star', 'elephas maximus', 'flatworms', 'crowned pigeon', 'mentha', 'mallow', 'penaeid shrimp', 'ambystomatidae', 'illiciaceae', 'chinchilla', 'chordopoxvirinae', 'tineidae', 'darkling beetle', 'fruit bats', 'asteraceae', 'stylidiaceae', 'pycnonotidae', 'grapevine', 'bromeliaceae', 'protea', 'digitalis', 'conopidae', 'lespedeza', 'banana family', 'papaveraceae', 'artocarpus', 'krascheninnikovia', 'calliphoridae', 'macrocystis', 'arnica', 'asparagales', 'amphipods', 'amazona', 'brodiaeoideae', 'stingray', 'pteropods', 'acacia', 'cervus canadensis', 'abrocomidae', 'cucumis', 'pennisetum', 'albizia', 'reedmace', 'hexaprotodon', 'vachellia', 'arcidae', 'tetraodontiformes', 'rosebay rhododendron', 'boletales', 'nassariidae', 'metriorhynchid', 'pterocarpus', 'mammal', 'weevil', 'cyclobalanopsis', 'mongoose', 'groundsel tribe', 'nesoenas', 'potyviridae', 'imperata', 'mormoopidae', 'nepenthaceae', 'penicillium', 'leporids', 'ankylosaur', 'ligustrum', 'canids', 'molothrus', 'planthopper', 'loasaceae', 'capuchin monkey', 'nyssa', 'placental mammals', 'staphylinidae', 'cypriniformes', 'calophyllum', 'primates', 'barbarea', 'cupressaceae', 'weasel shark', 'merluccid hake', 'anura', 'clathrinidae', 'bushbabies', 'honey', 'nautilids', 'triturus', 'cetacean', 'pimpinella', 'ericameria', 'thespidae', 'geoglossaceae', 'felis'] | Gloxinia (genus) | Gloxinia is a genus of three species of tropical rhizomatous herbs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. The species are primarily found in the Andes of South America but Gloxinia perennis is also found in Central America and the West Indies, where it has probably escaped from cultivation. Gloxinia perennis is the original (type) species of the genus and for much of its history the genus consisted of only G. perennis and a very small number of other species. However, most recent references on Gloxinia reflect the 1976 classification of Hans Wiehler, who took a broad view of the genus. A recent analysis of Gloxinia and related genera based on molecular and morphological work has determined that Wiehler's circumscription of the genus was unnatural, both phylogenetically and morphologically. The analyses demonstrated that the genera Anodiscus and Koellikeria, each with a single species, were more closely related to Gloxinia perennis than were any of the other species included in Gloxinia by Wiehler, several of which proved to be more closely related to other genera (particularly Diastema, Monopyle, and Phinaea). As a result of this work, most of the species have been transferred to other genera while Koellikeria erinoides and Anodiscus xanthophyllus have been transferred into a much more narrowly defined Gloxinia consisting of only three species, all of them characterized by having a raceme-like flowering stem. The other species have been transferred to the existing genus Monopyle, the resurrected genera Mandirola and Seemannia, and the new genera Gloxinella, Gloxiniopsis, Nomopyle, and Sphaerorrhiza. Gloxinia perennis forms fertile hybrids with species of Seemannia, which was the primary reason for uniting the two genera. Sinningia speciosa, a popular houseplant, was originally described and introduced to cultivation as Gloxinia speciosa and is still commonly known as "gloxinia". |
14 | parent taxon | Riodininae | Lycaenidae | ['nodosaurid', 'haliotidae', 'cetaceans', 'cercopithecidae', 'weaver bird', 'gossypium', 'eubalaena', 'formicine ants', 'loosestrife family', 'plantaginaceae', 'mephitidae', 'ophioglossaceae', 'icterid', 'pedetidae', 'celtis', 'eel', 'caprifoliaceae', 'cactaceae', 'scarab beetles', 'buthidae', 'sus', 'eryngium', 'fungal', 'mullein', 'cavy', 'verbascum', 'aconitum', 'ageratina', 'gramineae', 'salviniaceae', 'dogfish sharks', 'lupinus', 'plesiosaurs', 'gentianella', 'phytosaur', 'krascheninnikovia', 'suture', 'arecaceae', 'phlebotomine', 'theraphosidae', 'mollusk', 'hedera', 'mollusc', 'parmeliaceae', 'poison dart frog', 'nephelium', 'gooseberry family', 'dikarya', 'hirundo', 'bean family', 'sapodilla family', 'heterodontosaurid', 'brittle star', 'sheet weaver', 'capsicum', 'spinosaurid', 'loricariid', 'dendroaspis', 'saxifrage family', 'scarabaeoidea', 'phyllostomid', 'brassica rapa', 'phocidae', 'papilionid', 'zosteropidae', 'aplacophora', 'cannas', 'macrobrachium', 'solanaceous', 'puma', 'campephagidae', 'combtooth blennies', 'picornaviridae', 'eulimidae', 'true bugs', 'lamiales', 'snapping shrimp', 'deuterostomes', 'heterokontophyta', 'bufonids', 'pelea', 'plakobranchidae', 'ark clam', 'plumbaginaceae', 'fowl', 'amanitaceae', 'papilionidae', 'theria', 'cypriniformes', 'danionin', 'orbweaver', 'pittosporaceae', 'honeybee', 'polygonum', 'papaver', 'beech tree', 'tricholoma', 'caprine', 'sorghum'] | Percy Ireland Lathy | Percy Ireland Lathy (1874 in Pulborough- 8 September 1943 in Vittel) was an English entomologist. He was a friend of James John Joicey and associated with Joicey's Hill Museum. He lived sometime at Tillington. Lathy was first Assistant to William Watkins, in Eastbourne then Curator for Herbert Jordan Adams in Enfield (this collection is now in the Natural History Museum, London). At this time on Adams behalf he collected in the West Indies (especially Jamaica and South America and employed collectors who were sent to Peru and Dutch New Guinea. He also acquired the Honrath and van de Poll collections for Adams. After Adams death in 1921 he worked for Cabinet Le Moult in Paris then for Aimée Fournier de Horrack. Aimée Fournier de Horrack was a leading figure in Literary and musical circles and had a private butterfly collection containing very rare and expensive species of Morpho, Agrias,Catagramma, Prepona, Papilionidae, Ornithoptera, Charaxes, Riodininae and Lycaenidae. The Aimée Fournier collection is now in Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. "L'essentiel des insectes [Parides] provient de collections privées comme celle, classée monument historique et riche en papillons exotiques, de Mme Aimée Fournier de Horrack". Lathy lived for some years in Paris at 90 Boulevard Malesherbes (Aimée Fournier's address) and then at 70, boulevard Auguste Blanqui and after 1928 in New York. He was a specialist in Lepidoptera. Lathy was a Member of the Société Entomologique de France (presented by Eugène Le Moult), the Entomological Society of London, the Zoological Society of London and the Entomological Society of America.After retirement Percy Lathy lived at Gagny Seine-et-Oise. He died in the internment camp in Vittel. |
14 | parent taxon | Trypanosoma | trypanosomatid | ['begoniaceae', 'mycobacterium', 'sheatfish', 'anogeissus', 'acarosporaceae', 'snowdrop', 'lymnaeidae', 'branta', 'pyrginae', 'loosestrife family', 'nyssa', 'sciurus', 'buttercup', 'creeping bent', 'thyreophora', 'anthus', 'garter snake', 'buxaceae', 'galago', 'cercopithecidae', 'loasaceae', 'thamnophis', 'chaetodontidae', 'weasel shark', 'hornet', 'red colobus', 'aconite', 'flying fox', 'honeybee', 'gryllidae', 'antiplasmodial', 'feliforms', 'crassulaceae', 'sus scrofa', 'mustela', 'wild boar', 'medicago', 'aspleniaceae', 'pteropods', 'polemonium', 'saltbush', 'liriodendron', 'pelycosaurs', 'scrophulariaceae', 'ammophila', 'felidae', 'red', 'nematodes', 'copepod', 'emberiza', 'box turtle', 'lathyrus', 'milfoil', 'tyrannidae', 'grasstrees', 'taxus', 'onager', 'chanterelles', 'sulidae', 'fulvetta', 'arcidae', 'tephritid fruit flies', 'naticidae', 'rose', 'schizochroal eyes', 'lagerstroemia', 'lycaenid butterflies', 'pecan weevil', 'gruiformes', 'peirosaurid', 'fregatidae', 'pickleweed', 'sceloporus occidentalis', 'allium', 'cyprinids', 'tiger beetle', 'hominoids', 'hadrosaurine', 'calochortus', 'pucciniales', 'raphanus', 'felines', 'knapweed', 'alvarezsauridae', 'nodosauridae', 'dendromus', 'thymelaeaceae', 'menyanthaceae', 'cottoidea', 'blueberry', 'bumblebees', 'tang', 'gaultheria', 'hipposideridae', 'threskiornis', 'foxglove plant', 'etmopterus', 'decapoda', 'loaches'] | Trypanosoma pestanai | Trypanosoma pestanai is a species of kinetoplastid trypanosomatid. It causes disease in the European badger (Meles meles). Its vector is the badger flea (Paraceras melis). |
14 | parent taxon | Scorpaena | Scorpaenidae | ['rush family', 'mephitidae', 'chelicerata', 'nesoenas', 'sea anemone', 'silk tree', 'gorilla', 'daisies', 'enterobacteriaceae', 'catostomus', 'anthozoans', 'nautilids', 'sequoiadendron', 'thelephoraceae', 'alligatorid', 'sarraceniaceae', 'carrot family', 'corydalidae', 'furnarius', 'sloth', 'felis', 'hadrosaurid', 'snowdrops', 'sapindales', 'holly family', 'ergot', 'ground sharks', 'casuarinaceae', 'weasels', 'cladophoraceae', 'sturnidae', 'tripterygiidae', 'pennisetum', 'varanid', 'stapeliae', 'epidendroideae', 'oxalis', 'sordariomycetes', 'poecilia', 'snout moths', 'arachnids', 'poplars', 'squashes', 'trilobite', 'tyto', 'eubalaena', 'lecanoraceae', 'winged insects', 'echidnas', 'hypsugo', 'cat shark', 'tortricidae', 'clidemia', 'polystichum', 'buffalo', 'cicadellidae', 'papilionaceae', 'cynodonts', 'compositae', 'carpinus', 'mastodonsauroid', 'lynx', 'commelina', 'phrymaceae', 'snowdrop', 'anglewing', 'myrmotherula', 'protostomes', 'brassicales', 'ipomoea', 'reduviidae', 'notacanthiformes', 'lauraceae', 'sophora', 'plateosaurid', 'silybum', 'bothrops', 'platycercus', 'connochaetes', 'formicine', 'wisteria', 'sheet weaver', 'canidae', 'epitoniidae', 'leguminous', 'berberis', 'kalmia', 'scarabaeus', 'western honey bee', 'box turtle', 'capparaceae', 'pistacia', 'buckwheat family', 'platyhelminth', 'agaricaceae', 'mustela', 'broomrape family', 'sporophila', 'carnivore'] | Scorpaena papillosa | Scorpaena papillosa, common name red rock cod is a venomous species of marine fish in the family Scorpaenidae, the "scorpionfish". |
14 | parent taxon | nautilid | Nautiloidea | ['forficulina', 'xerinae', 'lamium', 'myotis', 'sandalwood family', 'arnica', 'pyralid', 'schistosomatidae', 'diptera', 'procellariidae', 'dusicyon', 'fabaceae', 'bubalus', 'sea turtle', 'pezizales', 'physalis', 'picornavirus', 'holothuriidae', 'parkia', 'scilloideae', 'strophariaceae', 'scardinius', 'bumblebee', 'hylaeamys', 'strigidae', 'darter', 'squash family', 'leporid', 'coturnix', 'achillea', 'alouatta', 'sunflower', 'skipper butterflies', 'sundew', 'monarchidae', 'cypselae', 'lentivirus', 'bucerotidae', 'areca palm', 'soft corals', 'citrus family', 'picornavirales', 'thrushes', 'juncus', 'theraphosidae', 'alosa', 'psocomorpha', 'caryophyllales', 'bear', 'mazama', 'hypnozoite', 'wolf hybrid', 'batfish', 'box turtle', 'elapids', 'polistes', 'arenga', 'psilotales', 'tusk shell', 'disk flowers', 'ceratitida', 'lewisia', 'zingiber', 'gallirallus', 'amphipods', 'panthera', 'eel', 'vespid', 'lepidopterans', 'calophyllum', 'goodeniaceae', 'virion', 'syringa', 'fulmarus', 'pikes', 'grossulariaceae', 'pea family', 'hydnaceae', 'atriplex', 'vulpes', 'kauri', 'haliplidae', 'rhinoptera', 'fir', 'buteo', 'frangipani', 'macaca', 'scolopacidae', 'widow spider', 'potyviridae', 'accipiter', 'cacatua', 'alligatorine', 'saltator', 'jackrabbits', 'huperzia', 'treecreepers', 'rockrose', 'machairodont'] | Librovitschiceras | Librovitschiceras is a nautilid, subclass Nautiloidea, with a triangular cross section, included in the family Aipoceratidae. Its exact relationship with other aipoceratids is uncertain. Whorls are in contact, the siphuncle is slightly removed from the venter, which has a deep sinus. Librovitschiceras lived during the Late Carboniferous in what is now western Russia. Aipoceras and Asymptoceras are possibly related. |
14 | parent taxon | Hickory | Juglandaceae | ['trypanosome', 'coral', 'guava', 'pelea', 'syringa', 'mammuthus', 'areca palm', 'cucumis melo', 'crataegus', 'tipuloidea', 'goodeniaceae', 'sulidae', 'salamander', 'attines', 'lophiiformes', 'bauhinia', 'rhipidomys', 'typical fulvettas', 'wild boar', 'cypripedioideae', 'plumbaginaceae', 'petromyzontidae', 'dombeya', 'grunt', 'panthera tigris', 'monocots', 'artocarpus', 'viperidae', 'oecophoridae', 'hirundinidae', 'plant bug', 'ovenbirds', 'actinidiaceae', 'ponerinae', 'calyptraeidae', 'merluccius', 'bryozoan', 'eriocnemis', 'cottoidea', 'sweat bees', 'elaeocarpaceae', 'unionidae', 'disk flowers', 'true weevils', 'holothuriidae', 'sebesten', 'cistus', 'garryaceae', 'snakeflies', 'lamiaceae', 'salix', 'lungwort', 'boscia', 'callophrys', 'squash family', 'salmon', 'psathyrellaceae', 'testudinidae', 'vespidae', 'falcon', 'pachycephalosaur', 'cobra', 'lepidoptera', 'liliopsida', 'ophioglossales', 'dioscoreaceae', 'cirsium', 'hominins', 'combtooth blennies', 'melanoplus', 'pennisetum', 'epipactis', 'velvet worm', 'pyrginae', 'cactaceae', 'clidemia', 'varanus', 'dogfish', 'theropod', 'loricariid', 'glaucomys', 'sphenacodontid', 'ameiva', 'crab', 'phacopida', 'seed plants', 'calceolariaceae', 'baobabs', 'mammal', 'sea horses', 'poison hemlock', 'lambeosaurine', 'auk', 'juneberry', 'limpet', 'lewisia', 'mauremys', 'felids', 'sea slug'] | Carya myristiciformis | Carya myristiciformis, the Nutmeg Hickory, of the Juglandaceae or Walnut family, also called swamp hickory or bitter water hickory, is found as small, possibly relict populations across the Southern United States and in northern Mexico on rich moist soils of higher bottom lands and stream banks. Little is known of the growth rate of nutmeg hickory. Logs and lumber are sold mixed with other hickories. The nuts are an oil-rich food for wildlife. |
14 | parent taxon | wild goat | Ibex | ['natricine', 'dicrostonyx', 'archosaurs', 'faboideae', 'morning glory family', 'ratites', 'salicornia', 'irvingiaceae', 'fouquieria', 'abrocomidae', 'oryx', 'afrotheria', 'pot marigold tribe', 'penguin', 'spider', 'narra', 'panicum', 'chital', 'stony corals', 'elephas', 'geometridae', 'crocidura', 'cypripedioideae', 'bee', 'crassula', 'murine', 'arthropoda', 'nassariidae', 'rush family', 'tyrannosaurids', 'horseshoe crabs', 'carnivoran', 'trilobites', 'vespidae', 'penicillium', 'reoviridae', 'apalis', 'froglet', 'pterosaurs', 'acer', 'sutures', 'typhlopid', 'oecomys', 'lates', 'phrymaceae', 'grasstrees', 'arctocephalus', 'colubrids', 'antiplasmodial', 'attines', 'dolichoderinae', 'ensis', 'alouatta', 'mouse lemur', 'shag', 'ragweed', 'cockle', 'impatiens', 'milfoil', 'cypriniformes', 'king snake', 'pedetidae', 'ononis', 'macaca', 'frangipani', 'laurasiatheria', 'leafhopper', 'polyporaceae', 'orthoceroid', 'nautilids', 'teloschistaceae', 'whiting', 'stapeliae', 'malarial parasite', 'picornavirales', 'borage family', 'mycosphaerellaceae', 'nyctalus', 'gallirallus', 'camaenidae', 'knapweeds', 'plumbaginaceae', 'acanthaceae', 'marine gastropod', 'taenia', 'felinae', 'saxifrage', 'rhizopus', 'aplacophora', 'langur', 'bothriembryontidae', 'gelechioidea', 'baurusuchid', 'calla lily', 'wild apple', 'plumeria', 'greenbrier', 'colchicum', 'caryophyllales'] | Kri-kri | The kri-kri (Capra aegagrus cretica), sometimes called the Cretan goat, Agrimi, or Cretan Ibex, is a feral goat inhabiting the Eastern Mediterranean, previously considered a subspecies of wild goat. The kri-kri is now found only on the island of Crete, Greece and three small islands just offshore (Dia, Thodorou and Agii Pantes). The kri-kri has a light brownish coat with a darker band around its neck. It has two horns that sweep back from the head. In the wild they are shy and avoid tourists, resting during the day. The animal can leap some distance or climb seemingly sheer cliffs. The kri-kri is not thought to be indigenous to Crete, most likely having been imported to the island during the time of the Minoan civilization. Nevertheless, it is found nowhere else and is therefore endemic to Crete. It was common throughout the Aegean but the peaks of the 8,000 ft (2,400 m) White Mountains of Western Crete are their last strongholds--particularly a series of almost vertical 3,000 ft (900 m) cliffs called 'the Untrodden'—at the head of the Samaria Gorge. This mountain range, which hosts another 14 endemic animal species, is protected as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. In total, their range extends to the White Mountains, the Samaria National Forest and the islets of Dia, Thodorou, and Agii Pandes. Recently some were introduced onto two more islands. By 1960, the kri-kri was under threat, with numbers below 200. It had been the only meat available to mountain guerillas during the German occupation in World War II. Its status was one reasons why the Samaria Gorge became a national park in 1962. There are still only about 2,000 animals on the island and they are considered vulnerable: hunters still seek them for their tender meat, grazing grounds have become scarcer and disease has affected them. Hybridization is also a threat, as the population has interbred with ordinary goats. Hunting them is strictly prohibited. Archaeological excavations have found several wall paintings of the kri-kri. Some academics believe that the animal was worshiped during antiquity. On the island, males are often called 'agrimi' (αγρίμι, 'the wild one'), while the name 'Sanada' is used for the female. The kri-kri is a symbol of the island, much used in tourism marketing and official literature. As molecular analyses demonstrate, the kri-kri is not, as previously thought, a distinct subspecies of wild goat. Rather, it is a feral domestic goat, derived from the first stocks of goats domesticated in the Levant and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean around 8000-7500 BCE. Therefore, it represents a nearly ten-thousand-year-old "snapshot" of the first domestication of goats. In any case, the kri-kri is an emblem of Crete and has immense cultural significance there. Legally however, endangered species legislation would likely not apply (as this does not cover feral populations), but similar cases elsewhere have been covered under cultural heritage protection laws. |
14 | parent taxon | Chenopodium album | Chenopodium | ['archaeplastida', 'machairodontinae', 'cynareae', 'calochortus', 'eryngium', 'wild ass', 'acipenser', 'leontopodium', 'cecropis', 'spurge', 'cone', 'orangutan', 'poecilia', 'empetrum', 'tulip tree', 'juniper', 'feliforms', 'ononis', 'notacanthiformes', 'gallirallus', 'lamiaceae', 'mason bee', 'heath family', 'sweet gum', 'true weevil', 'lanius', 'apocynaceae', 'atropa', 'sapindales', 'prosauropod', 'topminnow', 'sylviidae', 'testudinidae', 'legumes', 'euphorbia', 'hypomyces', 'gaultheria', 'flycatcher', 'earless seal', 'arachnids', 'feliform', 'noctuidae', 'tadorna', 'erythrina', 'carp', 'conidae', 'acanthus family', 'carlina', 'sea hares', 'grunt', 'cyclobalanopsis', 'animalia', 'oecophorid', 'true flies', 'pelophylax', 'albizia', 'blechnum', 'macrocystis', 'hawkweed', 'mackerel shark', 'slipper orchid', 'oil palm', 'ranidae', 'bassaricyon', 'cistus', 'crocodile', 'rutilus', 'cladoniaceae', 'tangle web spider', 'carpobrotus', 'sigmodontinae', 'calycanthaceae', 'megachilidae', 'tricholoma', 'cercopithecus', 'phyllostomid', 'saskatoon', 'deer', 'chital', 'conifers', 'lagenaria', 'laurasiatheria', 'bentgrass', 'leguminous', 'camel', 'syngnathiformes', 'boletus', 'gelechioidea', 'angiosperms', 'flavivirus', 'cyperaceae', 'arctocephalus', 'sicista', 'pomacanthus', 'gadfly petrel', 'lymnaeidae', 'earwig', 'influenza a', 'chanterelle'] | Quinoa | Quinoa (/ˈkiːnoʊ.ə/, from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa ) is a species of the goosefoot genus (Chenopodium quinoa), a grain crop grown primarily for its edible seeds. It is a pseudocereal, similar in some respects to buckwheat, rather than a true cereal, as it is not a member of the true grass family. As a chenopod, quinoa is closely related to species such as beetroots, spinach and tumbleweeds. As a member of the Amaranthaceae family, it is related to and resembles amaranth, which is also a pseudocereal. After harvest, the seeds must be processed to remove the coating containing the bitter-tasting saponins. The seeds are in general cooked the same way as rice and can be used in a wide range of dishes. The leaves are eaten as a leaf vegetable, much like amaranth, but commercial availability of quinoa greens is limited. The nutrient composition is favourable compared with common cereals. Quinoa seeds contain essential amino acids like lysine and acceptable quantities of calcium, phosphorus, and iron. It is high in protein, and is tolerant of dry soil. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) declared 2013 to be the International Year of Quinoa. Chenopodium formosanum is a Taiwanese variant of Red quinoa that is endemic to Taiwan, and is widely grown in Eastern and Southern Taiwanese Aboriginal cultures. Quinoa originated in the Andean region of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Chile, and was domesticated 3,000 to 4,000 years ago for human consumption in the Lake Titicaca basin, though archaeological evidence shows a non-domesticated association with pastoral herding some 5,200 to 7,000 years ago. Similar Chenopodium species, such as pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) and fat hen (Chenopodium album), were grown and domesticated in North America as part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex before maize agriculture became popular. Fat hen, which has a widespread distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, produces edible seeds and greens much like quinoa, but in smaller quantities. |
14 | parent taxon | Hypostominae | Loricariidae | ['pittosporaceae', 'loosestrife family', 'australopithecine', 'paradisaeidae', 'picea', 'uncaria', 'arcidae', 'lobster', 'alectoris', 'leporid', 'grass family', 'nautilid', 'ruscaceae', 'sandalwood', 'disk flowers', 'sycamores', 'haliplidae', 'leguminous plants', 'lotus', 'dandelion tribe', 'nautilids', 'plantae', 'fagales', 'ascomycetes', 'spiraea', 'crowned pigeon', 'cladoniaceae', 'metalmark', 'langur', 'bunyaviridae', 'crustaceans', 'mirza', 'cycas', 'artiodactyl', 'gooseberry family', 'bluegrass subfamily', 'gadfly petrel', 'eupomatiaceae', 'ursus arctos', 'capparaceae', 'geminiviridae', 'cylindropuntia', 'aspergillus', 'phenacomys', 'borassus', 'cupressus', 'helianthus', 'blowflies', 'silybum', 'theclinae', 'irvingiaceae', 'camaenidae', 'peppercorn tree', 'euglossine', 'sisorid', 'otter', 'true seal', 'groundsel tribe', 'syngnathiformes', 'convolvulaceae', 'phellinus', 'felines', 'pelycosaur', 'cannaceae', 'mauremys', 'trachylepis', 'clupeidae', 'mormoopidae', 'xanthidae', 'nepenthes', 'hominoids', 'wolf spiders', 'asparagales', 'suillus', 'verbena family', 'santalaceae', 'pelomedusidae', 'pyralidae', 'leafhoppers', 'crocodylid', 'brine shrimp', 'physalis', 'aconite', 'heterobranchia', 'sequoiadendron', 'tardigrade', 'crayfish', 'centaurea', 'trichechus', 'bankeraceae', 'meadowsweet', 'arenga', 'tang', 'shrimp', 'petroicidae', 'archosauromorph', 'annona', 'epimastigote', 'hylobatidae'] | Peckoltia vittata | Peckoltia vittata is a species of catfish belonging to the subfamily Hypostominae of the Loricariidae family of catfish.This species possesses the L-number L015 |
14 | parent taxon | Tardigrada | Ecdysozoa | ['sarraceniaceae', 'dicynodont', 'sterculia', 'hepialid', 'paridae', 'ground beetle', 'geometer moths', 'tropaeolaceae', 'macraucheniid', 'rhino', 'mespilus', 'lathyrus', 'caprine', 'trachelipodidae', 'foxglove', 'metazoans', 'cnidarian', 'phaseolus', 'murine', 'actinidiaceae', 'canavalia', 'lamiaceae', 'sedges', 'vespula', 'gooseberry', 'galago', 'wild strawberry', 'pelea', 'pygmy possum', 'poplar', 'asterid', 'tobacco', 'anatidae', 'plumbaginaceae', 'sea squirts', 'rosaceae', 'bison', 'coprinus', 'asparagales', 'tangle web spider', 'pachycephalosaur', 'sycamores', 'gelechioid', 'curcuma', 'typhaceae', 'struthio', 'suillus', 'slow loris', 'goby', 'cichlid', 'tunicates', 'crocodylomorph', 'soft tick', 'fulgoroid', 'sigmodontine', 'squashes', 'nectomys', 'sarracenia', 'geomyidae', 'eupomatiaceae', 'archosaur', 'catshark', 'lemna', 'cardinalidae', 'ichthyosaur', 'hyacinthaceae', 'rose family', 'tricholomataceae', 'fagales', 'boletus', 'burseraceae', 'hemipteran', 'araneae', 'chaetodon', 'tipuloidea', 'ilex', 'cercopithecidae', 'crocidura', 'oxalis', 'globe flower', 'lactobacillus', 'soft corals', 'protist', 'massospondylid', 'camellia', 'pedicularis', 'troodontidae', 'cycas', 'formicine', 'pyrus', 'caprimulgidae', 'elaeagnaceae', 'voalavo', 'geometridae', 'gibbon', 'peirosaurid', 'brassicas', 'camaenidae', 'leporids'] | Tardigrade | Tardigrades (/ˈtɑːrdɪˌɡreɪd/; also known as water bears or moss piglets) are water-dwelling, eight-legged, segmented micro-animals. They were first discovered by the German pastor Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773. The name Tardigrada (meaning "slow stepper") was given three years later by the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani. They have been sighted from mountaintops to the deep sea, from tropical rain forests to the Antarctic. Tardigrades are notable for being perhaps the most durable of known organisms; they are able to survive extreme conditions that would be rapidly fatal to nearly all other known life forms. They can withstand temperature ranges from 1 K (−458 °F; −272 °C) to about 420 K (300 °F; 150 °C), pressures about six times greater than those found in the deepest ocean trenches, ionizing radiation at doses hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a human, and the vacuum of outer space. They can go without food or water for more than 30 years, drying out to the point where they are 3% or less water, only to rehydrate, forage, and reproduce. They are not considered extremophilic because they are not adapted to exploit these conditions. This means that their chances of dying increase the longer they are exposed to the extreme environments, whereas true extremophiles thrive in a physically or geochemically extreme environment that would harm most other organisms. Usually, tardigrades are about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long when they are fully grown. They are short and plump with four pairs of legs, each with four to eight claws also known as "disks". The first three pairs of legs are directed ventrolaterally and are the primary means of locomotion (moving), while the fourth pair is directed posteriorly on the terminal segment of the trunk and is used primarily for grasping the substrate. Tardigrades are prevalent in mosses and lichens and feed on plant cells, algae, and small invertebrates. When collected, they may be viewed under a very low-power microscope, making them accessible to students and amateur scientists. Tardigrades form the phylum Tardigrada, part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa. It is an ancient group, with fossils dating from 530 million years ago, in the Cambrian period. About 1,150 species of tardigrades have been described. Tardigrades can be found throughout the world, from the Himalayas (above 6,000 m (20,000 ft)), to the deep sea (below 4,000 m (13,000 ft)) and from the polar regions to the equator. On 16 February 2016, tardigrades were reported to have been successfully revived, and to have reproduced, after being frozen for over 30 years. |
14 | parent taxon | Myobatrachidae | frog | ['pucciniales', 'asparagales', 'palm tree', 'elachistidae', 'ganodermataceae', 'buttercup family', 'acrocephalus', 'apis', 'pyramidellidae', 'ulmus', 'scarabaeidae', 'true seal', 'primate', 'ascomycete', 'mononegavirales', 'pitcairnioideae', 'megachile', 'coleophoridae', 'tumbling flower beetle', 'estrildid finch', 'bladderwort family', 'catshark', 'lacewings', 'coffea', 'conidae', 'selfheal', 'wild boar', 'gilled mushroom', 'lambeosaurine', 'haliplidae', 'osmanthus', 'catfish', 'iguanid', 'robust australopithecines', 'asterid', 'bromeliad', 'cercocebus', 'chinchilla', 'true limpet', 'cercopithecus', 'purshia', 'molossid', 'macadamia', 'nerodia', 'areca palm', 'sunflower tribe', 'rockrose', 'canine', 'chaetodontidae', 'virus', 'corymbia', 'megascops', 'hygrophoraceae', 'dog family', 'dusicyon', 'acanthus family', 'zanthoxylum', 'guinea pig', 'cephalopod', 'dendrobatidae', 'canna', 'prokaryotic cells', 'silesaurids', 'beech family', 'mauremys', 'spider', 'king snake', 'tunicata', 'skipper butterfly', 'nepenthaceae', 'cardinal family', 'alligator', 'metazoans', 'squash family', 'carrot family', 'scytalopus', 'decapoda', 'costaceae', 'horseshoe crabs', 'malpighiaceae', 'parastacidae', 'sainfoin', 'indigofera', 'soft tick', 'actinistia', 'hyphomicrobiaceae', 'oviraptorid', 'leguminosae', 'ameiva', 'cumbungi', 'swallowtail butterflies', 'gradungulid', 'proboscidea', 'dandelion tribe', 'prosauropods', 'guaiac', 'elephantidae', 'wild ass', 'umbellifers'] | Common eastern froglet | The common eastern froglet (Crinia signifera) is a very common, Australian ground-dwelling frog, of the family Myobatrachidae. |
14 | parent taxon | leaf deer | Muntiacus | ['weasel family', 'ray floret', 'cuscutaceae', 'legume', 'elopidae', 'ascomycota', 'symphytum', 'leaf beetle', 'ixodes', 'snowdrop', 'calla lily', 'rhabdoviridae', 'pteropus', 'monarchidae', 'buteo', 'boletus', 'phyllanthaceae', 'pleurodira', 'panthera leo', 'osteichthyans', 'caprifoliaceae', 'genista', 'palm family', 'ovis', 'danionin', 'sheet weaver', 'linaria', 'balaenopterid', 'colchicum', 'apis', 'paeoniaceae', 'picornaviridae', 'colubrid', 'gesneriaceae', 'clusiaceae', 'pedicularis', 'blechnaceae', 'cricetid', 'carcharias', 'tamarix', 'snakeheads', 'trypanosomatid', 'agrobacterium', 'macraucheniidae', 'caecilian', 'aspleniaceae', 'hemaris', 'tobacco plant', 'proboscidea', 'falco', 'apalis', 'hemlock', 'cobra', 'calycanthaceae', 'festuca', 'wasp', 'cornaceae', 'iguana', 'grass rush', 'orchid', 'old world fruit bats', 'comamonadaceae', 'syngnathidae', 'dusicyon', 'gilled fungus', 'phellinus', 'rauisuchid', 'poeciliidae', 'rangifer', 'nesoenas', 'howler monkey', 'sillago', 'dactylorhiza', 'marine hatchetfishes', 'cladonia', 'heath bedstraw', 'sebastes', 'dolichoderinae', 'gramineae', 'deuterostome', 'gilled mushrooms', 'hymenoptera', 'winged insects', 'baryonychine', 'ganoderma', 'buccinidae', 'squirrel monkey', 'flying foxes', 'alligatorid', 'panther', 'western honey bee', 'whitefishes', 'dendromus', 'lauraceae', 'amphibamid', 'taraxacum', 'stingray', 'bearded saki', 'amaranths'] | Leaf muntjac | The leaf muntjac, leaf deer or Putao muntjac (Muntiacus putaoensis) is a small species of muntjac. It was discovered in 1997 by biologist Alan Rabinowitz during his field study in the isolated Naungmung Township in Myanmar. Rabinowitz discovered the species by examining the small carcass of a deer that he initially believed was the juvenile of another species; however, it proved to be the carcass of an adult female. He managed to obtain specimens, from which DNA analysis revealed a new cervid species. Local hunters knew of the species and called it the leaf deer because its body could be completely wrapped by a single large leaf. |
14 | parent taxon | twait shad | Alosa | ['narra', 'coffee plant', 'pleurodira', 'prunus', 'ascomycetous fungi', 'teosinte', 'juniperus', 'dioscorea', 'monocotyledons', 'true frog', 'myrtaceae', 'neoptera', 'orchid bee', 'frangipani', 'hermit crab', 'fairywren', 'typical fulvettas', 'cannas', 'loasaceae', 'marine gastropod', 'true bug', 'muroidea', 'ray floret', 'osmunda', 'dryopteridaceae', 'hominoids', 'thea', 'fabales', 'arthropod', 'cepphus', 'antirrhinum', 'alouatta', 'sympetrum', 'rock rose', 'madrone', 'cecropis', 'akysidae', 'malvales', 'heterobranchia', 'varanidae', 'borassus', 'poppy family', 'true weevil', 'dromaeosaurs', 'chimaera', 'carya', 'leafcutter bee', 'ulmus', 'crape myrtle', 'brachiosaurid', 'sarothruridae', 'hoverflies', 'perissodactyla', 'cylindropuntia', 'mantid', 'dasyatidae', 'fagaceae', 'sea hares', 'camaenidae', 'pterois', 'blechnaceae', 'elaeis', 'ericaceae', 'phyllostomidae', 'pot marigold tribe', 'pan', 'asian elephant', 'buthidae', 'lewisia', 'apium', 'heathers', 'sisoridae', 'ichneumon wasps', 'cercocebus', 'tricholomataceae', 'ruscaceae', 'noctuoidea', 'terror bird', 'calophyllaceae', 'voalavo', 'mauremys', 'crustacea', 'fulvetta', 'laurasiatheria', 'mantodea', 'dermaptera', 'areca palm', 'acinetobacter', 'chanterelle', 'aconite', 'milo', 'bug', 'crustaceans', 'yersinia', 'liliales', 'citrus family', 'bee orchid', 'trahiras', 'jewelweed'] | Killarney shad | The Killarney shad (Alosa killarnensis), also called the goureen, is a freshwater fish in the family Clupeidae, endemic to a single lake in Ireland, Lough Leane in County Kerry. Research has shown that it is a landlocked subspecies of the anadromous, twait shad (Alosa fallax), arriving in the lake after the Last Glacial Maximum about 10,000 years ago. This fish is at risk from eutrophication and the introduction of alien species of fish to the lake and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as "critically endangered". |
14 | parent taxon | Pseudicius | Salticidae | ['rabbitfish', 'dogfish sharks', 'anoles', 'asterid', 'trypanosomes', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'elephas', 'sylvisorex', 'stereospondyl', 'lepilemur', 'mango', 'myrtaceae', 'lepidoptera', 'buffalo', 'flea beetle', 'periodical cicadas', 'plumeria', 'heath family', 'shrub', 'meliaceae', 'molothrus', 'brittlegills', 'discosorid', 'borassus', 'brown kiwi', 'sage', 'daisy family', 'galaxias', 'macaca', 'rhododendrons', 'flowering rush', 'noctuidae', 'dryopteris', 'goodeniaceae', 'ranidae', 'opuntia', 'tobacco plant', 'cones', 'tulip tree', 'bacteria', 'elaeagnaceae', 'thymelaeaceae', 'planthopper', 'leuciscus', 'sloth', 'ramalinaceae', 'alligatorids', 'goby', 'amphibia', 'gilled fungus', 'ratfish', 'terror birds', 'erythrina', 'sandalwood', 'blowfly', 'myliobatiformes', 'amphipod', 'metazoans', 'anthozoa', 'buckwheat family', 'pupfish', 'captorinid', 'sauropterygia', 'flatworm', 'symphoricarpos', 'brodiaeoideae', 'gelechioidea', 'oleaceae', 'flax family', 'sapotaceae', 'agelenidae', 'ironwood', 'myrmecia', 'galerida', 'erythroxylaceae', 'mordellidae', 'ambystomatidae', 'wheat', 'pouteria', 'crustacean', 'passiflora', 'malpighiales', 'gesneriaceae', 'hammerhead shark', 'orobanchaceae', 'oecophoridae', 'cichlidae', 'lobster', 'oryx', 'chinquapin', 'haplorhini', 'iguana', 'vespidae', 'grapevine', 'chrysobalanaceae', 'morning glory family', 'sicista', 'amazona', 'protoceratopsid'] | Pseudicius | Pseudicius is a spider genus of the Salticidae family (jumping spiders). |
14 | parent taxon | shinnery oak | Quercus | ['ground shark', 'jackrabbits', 'alligatoridae', 'cricetid', 'ranunculales', 'butterflyfish', 'leporids', 'gelechioid', 'danainae', 'milfoil', 'rhizaria', 'cyathea', 'bunyaviridae', 'airbreathing catfish', 'banana family', 'ichneumon wasps', 'echinoderms', 'scilloideae', 'annonaceae', 'malarial parasite', 'grasstrees', 'whitefish', 'widow spider', 'alismatales', 'maras', 'pan', 'alytidae', 'rove beetles', 'capsicums', 'acinonyx', 'bindweed', 'amphibamid', 'squaliform', 'ratites', 'pierid', 'phytophthora', 'athyrium', 'natricine', 'bulbul', 'geoglossaceae', 'hippos', 'theclinae', 'red colobus', 'broomrape family', 'sus', 'anserinae', 'columbidae', 'fescues', 'vaccinium', 'boiga', 'firmicutes', 'snapping shrimp', 'sparrow', 'sainfoin', 'stingray', 'polypodiales', 'phaseolus', 'bald cypress', 'scrub jay', 'brown bear', 'hipposideros', 'buxaceae', 'orchid bee', 'passion flower', 'apple', 'amaryllidoideae', 'oplismenus', 'gymnadenia', 'cirsium', 'aplacophora', 'louse', 'chanterelle', 'false hellebore', 'protea', 'brodiaeoideae', 'whiting', 'urocyon', 'casuarinaceae', 'chordata', 'anurans', 'unionidae', 'bignoniaceae', 'hominini', 'pill bugs', 'dicrostonyx', 'sphaeralcea', 'passiflora', 'branchinectidae', 'columbine', 'ornithocheiridae', 'avena', 'weevil', 'linden', 'hydrangeaceae', 'leucaena', 'boar', 'cichlidae', 'smilacaceae', 'mollusk'] | Quercus welshii | Quercus welshii (wavy leaf oak, shinnery oak, Tucker oak) is a North American species of shrub in the (beech family) found in the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region of the southwestern United States.:143 |
14 | parent taxon | cypress spurge | Euphorbia | ['barringtonia', 'monticola', 'armenoceratidae', 'eupatorium', 'cucumis melo', 'poppy family', 'loasaceae', 'starfish', 'pecan weevil', 'prokaryotes', 'flamingo', 'norovirus', 'lebiasinidae', 'loaches', 'gymnadenia', 'snowdrop', 'albizia', 'gelechioidea', 'capsicum', 'chevrotain', 'hepialidae', 'phalanger', 'hornet', 'notoungulata', 'epitoniidae', 'skullcap', 'hylobatidae', 'presbytis', 'gossypium', 'agaricales', 'fluke', 'tremarctos', 'actinistia', 'atropa', 'bushshrike', 'giant mouse lemur', 'true grass family', 'bird flu', 'fig tree', 'pinyon pine', 'plakobranchidae', 'terror bird', 'archosauromorpha', 'pseudochirulus', 'akysidae', 'potamochoerus', 'sow thistle', 'areca palm', 'syagrus', 'influenza a virus', 'true bug', 'cactus', 'podocarpaceae', 'proteaceae', 'pusa', 'capparaceae', 'knotweed family', 'bassaricyon', 'furnariidae', 'tiger beetle', 'elachistidae', 'castanea', 'procellariidae', 'selfheal', 'calvatia', 'malvales', 'teucrium', 'hammerhead shark', 'lanius', 'requiem shark', 'theclinae', 'poppies', 'boscia', 'dwarf boa', 'nautilids', 'syngnathiformes', 'torpedo ray', 'verbenaceae', 'flax family', 'danainae', 'soft coral', 'haliplidae', 'howler monkey', 'theria', 'willowherb', 'leuciscus', 'treecreepers', 'staphylococcus', 'ostreoida', 'ovenbirds', 'chinquapin', 'sea hares', 'jumping spider', 'otididae', 'old world fruit bats', 'nightshade family', 'cord grass', 'puccinia', 'suina'] | Euphorbia cyparissias | Euphorbia cyparissias, the cypress spurge, is a species of plant in the genus Euphorbia. It is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in the 1860s as an ornamental plant. Natural habitat types include dunes, pannes, coastal headlands and grasslands. In North America it is commonly found in the dry, gravelly soil of roadsides, pastures, and meadows. Cypress spurge thrives in open, disturbed areas. |
14 | parent taxon | nappa cabbage | Brassica rapa | ['ankylosaur', 'galago', 'heterodera', 'panther', 'schizochroal eyes', 'cephalon', 'rhizaria', 'bilateria', 'snowdrop', 'melanoplus', 'albizia', 'canines', 'alder', 'salmonidae', 'notropis', 'leporid', 'bufo', 'myristicaceae', 'vermetidae', 'anolis', 'hominini', 'agathis', 'eriogonum', 'ascomycete', 'plum', 'stony coral', 'mustelidae', 'pyralid', 'pocket gopher', 'carangidae', 'hypsugo', 'blackberry', 'planthopper', 'boidae', 'viburnum', 'spurge', 'tyrannidae', 'bentgrass', 'olive family', 'dolichoderinae', 'gazella', 'waratah', 'junonia', 'peromyscus', 'celastraceae', 'isoetes', 'melanitta', 'pierid', 'tapir', 'tamarix', 'cypriniformes', 'aristida', 'clupeidae', 'sylvisorex', 'canid', 'calophyllaceae', 'weasel shark', 'red', 'influenza a', 'streptococcus', 'helichrysum', 'black widow', 'indigofera', 'assassin bugs', 'firefly', 'amphibamid', 'knotweed', 'juncaceae', 'cervus canadensis', 'fungi', 'myrtles', 'barbastella', 'nymphalidae', 'callophrys', 'toadflax', 'goodeniaceae', 'hominins', 'nymphaeales', 'skink', 'tetraogallus', 'hawk', 'nassariidae', 'boscia', 'procyonidae', 'amazilia', 'noctuoid moth', 'slow loris', 'mongoose', 'reptantia', 'monocot', 'nautilids', 'leafhopper', 'daffodil', 'ziphiid', 'sarothruridae', 'carpinus', 'honey mushroom', 'roundworm', 'sternorrhyncha'] | Napa cabbage | Napa or nappa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis or Brassica rapa Pekinensis Group) is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China, and is widely used in East Asian cuisine. In much of the world, this is the vegetable referred to as "Chinese cabbage". |
14 | parent taxon | Ribes aureum | gooseberry | ['kogia', 'umbellifers', 'perch family', 'beryciformes', 'shag', 'vespula', 'acanthaceae', 'lamiaceae', 'armillaria', 'merluccius', 'formicidae', 'turbinellidae', 'bark', 'argonaut', 'honey mushroom', 'rhizaria', 'laeliinae', 'wolf hybrid', 'acroporid', 'screwpine', 'omphalotus', 'caudovirales', 'jackrabbits', 'chlorocebus', 'isoetaceae', 'branta', 'trypanosomatid', 'true bug', 'planthopper', 'cannabis', 'lithocarpus', 'picea', 'hawaiian honeycreeper', 'dasyatidae', 'heterodontosaurid', 'asterids', 'muricidae', 'tamarisk', 'microcebus', 'inocybaceae', 'cordia', 'ark clam', 'composite family', 'entelodonts', 'antheraea', 'ericaceae', 'gossypium', 'soft tick', 'robust australopithecines', 'orchidaceae', 'sloth', 'pachycephalosauria', 'empetrum', 'psilotales', 'onion', 'boar', 'tursiops', 'flying foxes', 'agelenidae', 'vaccinium', 'angelfishes', 'hordeum', 'bolbitiaceae', 'comamonadaceae', 'burseraceae', 'salmon', 'digitalis', 'coffee family', 'legume', 'blind snake', 'ground sharks', 'herpes', 'ebolavirus', 'capsicums', 'catfish', 'pluteaceae', 'jatropha', 'marigold', 'paperbark', 'marantaceae', 'plantain', 'cupressus', 'apalis', 'plantae', 'loganiaceae', 'alphaflexiviridae', 'buttercup family', 'geometer moths', 'geometer moth', 'buccinidae', 'ornithocheiridae', 'lauraceae', 'castor', 'sequoia', 'storeria', 'hawk', 'phylloscopus', 'lepiota', 'portulacaceae'] | Mimulus hymenophyllus | Mimulus hymenophyllus is a species of flowering plant in the lopseed family known by the common names thinsepal monkeyflower and membrane-leaf monkeyflower. It is native to Hells Canyon on the border between Oregon and Idaho in the United States. It has also been reported from Montana. This plant is a perennial herb producing masses of thin, fragile, winged stems up to 25 centimeters long. They are coated in glandular hairs with a slimy exudate. The leaves are oppositely arranged in pairs. They are lance-shaped to oval with pointed tips and are very thin, nearly membrane-like. Flowers are borne in pairs in the leaf axils. Each has a tube-shaped calyx of green sepals. The corolla is funnel-shaped and variable in size, up to 2.8 centimeters in length. It is yellow with some red or purple dots inside, and it has a beard of yellow hairs on the lower lip. Flowering occurs in April through September. This plant grows on wet spots in cracks in basalt and limestone cliffs alongside ferns and bryophytes. They are usually above flowing water in streams and rivers. Other plants in the habitat include oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), creeping mahonia (Mahonia repens), desert gooseberry (Ribes velutinum), golden currant (Ribes aureum), Wilcox penstemon (Penstemon wilcoxii), whorled penstemon (Penstemon triphyllus), floerkea (Floerkea proserpinacoides), Leiberg stonecrop (Sedum leibergii), cutleaf thelypody (Thelypodium laciniatum), brittle bladderfern (Cystopteris fragilis), and common monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus). This Mimulus is considered to be a member of the Snake River Clade (with Mimulus ampliatus and M. patulus) of the Mimulus moschatus alliance. |
14 | parent taxon | Palafoxia | ray florets | ['electric ray', 'groundsel tribe', 'podocarpaceae', 'blennies', 'anura', 'alder', 'cypraea', 'gobiidae', 'hevea', 'darkling beetle', 'characiformes', 'formicid', 'buteo', 'mucuna', 'purshia', 'rhododendron', 'trypanosoma', 'bromelioideae', 'pecten', 'placental mammals', 'hydrangeaceae', 'terror bird', 'actinoceratidae', 'mollies', 'orcaella', 'echinoderms', 'primates', 'phellinus', 'sapindales', 'cortinariaceae', 'dracaena', 'linum', 'barbarea', 'pseudechis', 'scarabaeidae', 'coffee', 'fluke', 'squash family', 'petroicidae', 'bridelia', 'brachiosaurid', 'olea', 'pteropus', 'achira', 'melicope', 'verbascum', 'oncorhynchus mykiss', 'pelycosaurs', 'frangipani', 'true limpet', 'braconidae', 'abelisaurid', 'australopithecus', 'cladoniaceae', 'sorghum', 'cones', 'mustelidae', 'blowfly', 'iguanodont', 'poa', 'plethodontid', 'anthus', 'felinae', 'sea slug', 'sea horses', 'oenanthe', 'myrtaceae', 'chank shell', 'herpesviridae', 'suina', 'face mite', 'prokaryotes', 'cordia', 'acer', 'glareolidae', 'antwren', 'orycteropus', 'rhytididae', 'sauropodomorphs', 'cladonia', 'elasmosauridae', 'euplectes', 'stony coral', 'rubus', 'hedera', 'arum', 'dogfish shark', 'papilionaceae', 'box turtle', 'flavivirus', 'epinephelus', 'serranus', 'ladyfish', 'snout moths', 'cedars', 'mistletoe', 'plesiosaurs', 'chimpanzee', 'primate'] | Palafoxia | Palafoxia, palafox, is a genus of North American flowering plants in the Bahia tribe within the (sunflower family). This genus is named after José de Palafox y Melzi, Duke of Saragossa (1776–1847), a Spanish captain-general, in the war against the invading armies of Napoleon. These are drought-tolerant, annual herbs growing on sandy plains, dunes, deserts (Mojave desert, Sonoran desert) and rangeland, native to the United States and Mexico. P. callosa is naturalised in Hawaii. The erect, slender stem grows 30–60 cm tall, branching in the lower half and is sparsely leaved. It is glandular and hairy on the upper parts. The glabrous, glandular leaves are lanceolate, 3–20 mm wide and 4–7.5 cm long, and are arranged alternately. A few flower heads appear at the end of the upper branches. The reddish to pink ray florets have three narrow lobes. They are subtended by involucral bracts. The seed-like fruit is narrow with a pappus of several pointed scales (giving rise to the common name 'Spanish Needles' for P. arida). These plants self-sow freely. They are attractive to bees, butterflies and birds and are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Schinia niveicosta, which feeds exclusively on P. linearis. Rosy Palafox (Palafoxia rosea) has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of fever, nausea and chills. |
14 | parent taxon | Eonycteris | megabats | ['assassin bug', 'datura', 'saxifrage', 'gooseberry', 'peony', 'snapdragon', 'cisticolidae', 'ophrys', 'salmo', 'jasmine', 'ringed seal', 'prokaryotic cells', 'coelophysoids', 'protist', 'flavivirus', 'anseriformes', 'dasyproctidae', 'crab', 'shrub', 'leporidae', 'herpesviridae', 'mason bee', 'viburnum', 'lyophyllaceae', 'papilionaceae', 'knotweed family', 'snowberry', 'eudendriidae', 'lavender', 'perch', 'epimastigote', 'celtis', 'umbelliferae', 'acacia', 'cannas', 'brant', 'isoetaceae', 'estrildidae', 'felidae', 'alphaflexiviridae', 'juniper', 'cytisus', 'pipidae', 'elopidae', 'tenebrionidae', 'calceolariaceae', 'tardigrades', 'araneidae', 'phalacrocoracidae', 'triticeae', 'reptantia', 'tarantula', 'eulimidae', 'petrochelidon', 'ruscaceae', 'pelecanoides', 'palmetto', 'spinosaurids', 'flatworm', 'thea', 'trifolium', 'psilocybe', 'ribes', 'tylopilus', 'pollock', 'peromyscus', 'capsicums', 'ebolavirus', 'erinaceidae', 'bug', 'cherry', 'urticaceae', 'mountain mahogany', 'catharanthus', 'hammerhead shark', 'trichocomaceae', 'ash tree', 'alisterus', 'sedges', 'dendromus', 'rattus', 'bear', 'ankylosaurian', 'bromeliads', 'knifefish', 'presbytis', 'nectomys', 'carcharhinus', 'tyrannosaur', 'flamingo', 'blechnum', 'carex', 'praenuculidae', 'osmanthus', 'cypraea', 'faboideae', 'eupomatiaceae', 'barberry', 'hypnozoite'] | Eonycteris | Eonycteris is a genus of megabats found in Asia. Species within this genus are: |
14 | parent taxon | Festuca ovina | Festuca | ['true weevils', 'hippocampus', 'moth', 'praenuculidae', 'raphanus', 'coprinus', 'puma', 'arthropods', 'aldrovanda', 'chanterelle', 'skimmer family', 'pygmy possum', 'plantae', 'ammonite', 'sheoak', 'lymnaeidae', 'datura', 'serranidae', 'isoetaceae', 'begoniaceae', 'pelycosaur', 'costaceae', 'formicinae', 'colobine', 'gallirallus', 'pelagornithidae', 'carex', 'proturans', 'coffee family', 'titanosaur', 'dogfish', 'prunus', 'shadbush', 'molossid', 'taenia', 'mosasaur', 'saturniidae', 'hawthorns', 'rhinoptera', 'skin beetles', 'bottlenose', 'leaf beetle', 'bartonella', 'trichocomaceae', 'araceae', 'ark clam', 'ranunculaceae', 'notacanthiformes', 'melaleuca', 'sea turtles', 'peppercorn tree', 'hymenoptera', 'new world monkeys', 'gruiformes', 'sordariomycetes', 'river shark', 'ixodes', 'geomyidae', 'tripterygiidae', 'pandanus', 'trionychidae', 'robust australopithecines', 'withy', 'ageratina', 'agaricus', 'psittaciformes', 'elapid', 'pleurotaceae', 'fescues', 'fregatidae', 'hylobatidae', 'panax', 'populus', 'daisy family', 'fruit', 'iridomyrmex', 'roundworm', 'xanthorrhoea', 'fir', 'marine turtles', 'petrogale', 'fern', 'semnopithecus', 'pappus', 'thalasseus', 'eudendriidae', 'felidae', 'diplodocid', 'lampyridae', 'musteloidea', 'geoemydidae', 'molothrus', 'anacardiaceae', 'bovidae', 'euphorb family', 'hygrophoraceae', 'soft coral', 'crataegus', 'shield bug'] | Elachista pollinariella | Elachista pollinariella is a moth of the Elachistidae family. It is found from Finland and the Baltic region to the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and Romania and from France to Poland. The wingspan is 8–10 mm. Adults are on wing from May to June. The larvae feed on Brachypodium sylvaticum, Elymus repens, Festuca arvernensis, Festuca lemanii, Festuca longifolia, Festuca ovina, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis and Trisetum flavescens. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a descending, gradually widening, transparent corridor. They have an off-white body and black head. Larvae can be found from early spring to the end of May. |
14 | parent taxon | buffalo | Bubalus | ['dorid', 'ophioglossales', 'papaveraceae', 'perch', 'prokaryotic cells', 'roundworm', 'anole', 'panther', 'umbelliferae', 'cobitidae', 'gentiana', 'hippotragus', 'sedge moths', 'pachliopta', 'animalia', 'buteo', 'senecio', 'polemoniaceae', 'orbweaver', 'cucurbitaceae', 'pachycephala', 'himantopus', 'picornavirus', 'jumping spider', 'leguminous', 'pyrginae', 'asteraceae', 'hypericaceae', 'herpestes', 'thrushes', 'aroid', 'pteropods', 'toadflax', 'ichthyosaurs', 'costaceae', 'ascomycetes', 'rock rose', 'mole salamander', 'festuca', 'plakobranchidae', 'swallow family', 'hawthorn', 'cerambycidae', 'genetta', 'pedetidae', 'lontra', 'south american ungulates', 'bacteria', 'megabat', 'dillenia', 'vespula', 'purslane family', 'riodinidae', 'acinonyx', 'origanum', 'alosa', 'malpighiaceae', 'colubrid', 'malpighiales', 'influenzavirus a', 'hesperiidae', 'darter', 'lime', 'coleophoridae', 'plantaginaceae', 'bridelia', 'bactrocera', 'abrocomidae', 'cephalon', 'bunyaviridae', 'hyracodontid', 'onobrychis', 'sporophila', 'cetacea', 'thecosomata', 'trombidiidae', 'entolomataceae', 'diptera', 'sea turtle', 'stone loaches', 'loricariid', 'monocot', 'periodical cicada', 'otus', 'hominin', 'noctuoidea', 'chanterelle', 'butterfly fish', 'giraffa', 'roundworms', 'fringillidae', 'pistacia', 'bee orchid', 'mauremys', 'eupatorium', 'snakefly', 'phytophthora', 'leguminosae', 'celtis'] | Wild water buffalo | The wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), also called Asian buffalo and Asiatic buffalo, is a large bovine native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List since 1986, as the remaining population totals less than 4,000, with an estimate of fewer than 2,500 mature individuals. The population decline of at least 50% over the last three generations (24–30 years) is projected to continue. The global population has been estimated at 3,400 individuals, of which 3,100 (91%) live in India, mostly in Assam. The wild water buffalo represents most likely the ancestor of the domestic water buffalo. |
14 | parent taxon | Nimravidae | feliform | ['anthozoans', 'alcids', 'trifolium', 'amanita', 'guava', 'petroicidae', 'brassica napus', 'flaviviridae', 'sea slug', 'snowdrops', 'poison dart frog', 'puma', 'hickory nuts', 'falco', 'pyrus', 'sea hares', 'archegosauridae', 'tragelaphus', 'adoxaceae', 'mammal', 'araneae', 'cycads', 'lestidae', 'lycaenid butterflies', 'bushshrike', 'ceratitids', 'heterodontidae', 'carduelis', 'aster family', 'lion', 'haemodoraceae', 'pyramidellid', 'abrocomidae', 'prosopis', 'caniform', 'isopoda', 'danainae', 'true weevils', 'gesneriaceae', 'chinquapin', 'citrus', 'coelodonta', 'lupinus', 'spinosaurids', 'ichneumon wasps', 'orthomyxoviruses', 'lepidopterans', 'eupodotis', 'bromeliad', 'coelophysoids', 'cantharellaceae', 'orb weaver', 'angelfishes', 'crocodylomorphs', 'ennomos', 'apidae', 'sulidae', 'sunflower family', 'cricetid', 'pelea', 'ensis', 'electric ray', 'pseudocrenilabrinae', 'greenbrier', 'morella', 'mallow', 'rove beetle', 'blow flies', 'eel', 'elapidae', 'red colobus', 'austrobaileyales', 'char', 'calafate', 'ratfish', 'bryozoans', 'rhinichthys', 'theaceae', 'otididae', 'amanitaceae', 'saxifrages', 'caenogastropoda', 'pedetidae', 'monocots', 'loricariidae', 'rove beetles', 'juncus', 'crocidura', 'furnariidae', 'chalcidoidea', 'lemuridae', 'crocodylus', 'pachycephalosaur', 'phytophthora', 'influenza a virus', 'cinnamomum', 'rabbit', 'procyonids', 'elaeagnaceae'] | Dinictis | Dinictis is a genus of the Nimravidae, an extinct family of feliform mammalian carnivores, also known as "false saber-toothed cats". Assigned to the subfamily Nimravinae, Dinictis was endemic to North America from the Late Eocene to Early Miocene epochs (37.2—20.4 mya), existing for approximately 16.8 million years. |
14 | parent taxon | Crambinae | grass moth | ['sisoridae', 'lycalopex', 'lanius', 'passifloraceae', 'elaeagnus', 'echidnas', 'bird', 'melanthiaceae', 'persimmon', 'sphenacodontidae', 'larix', 'trahiras', 'vitaceae', 'ensis', 'cone snails', 'buckwheat family', 'limpet', 'salvelinus', 'armored dinosaurs', 'atriplex', 'hominin', 'lates', 'chironomid midges', 'stegosaur', 'liriodendron', 'prosauropods', 'grunt', 'wood warbler', 'lemna', 'sow thistle', 'enterobacteriaceae', 'notacanthiformes', 'monkshood', 'ranellidae', 'cetacea', 'gelechioid', 'alligatorids', 'reduviidae', 'animalia', 'rail family', 'fasciolariidae', 'cacti', 'cucumis melo', 'proboscid', 'bedstraw', 'shigella', 'orthocerid', 'sympetrum', 'bucerotidae', 'amblyomma', 'dendrobatidae', 'eriocnemis', 'elasmosaurid', 'procyonid', 'fairywren', 'brassicales', 'alligatorine', 'amphipod', 'osmanthus', 'wild onion', 'concealer moth', 'honey mushroom', 'psilocybe', 'river shark', 'snakehead', 'clausena', 'cetacean', 'plesiadapiformes', 'lythraceae', 'spindle', 'wasp', 'polypodium', 'puffinus', 'myrmecia', 'blueberry', 'unionidae', 'araceae', 'sage', 'tupelo', 'hyracodont', 'sciurus', 'hemaris', 'rhus', 'salticidae', 'gooseberry family', 'pill bugs', 'camel', 'galaxias', 'true weevil', 'brassica oleracea', 'compsognathid', 'true oysters', 'polygalaceae', 'peony', 'carlina', 'morchellaceae', 'meadowsweet', 'amphibamids', 'clethraceae'] | Culladia | Culladia is a grass moth genus (family Crambidae) of subfamily Crambinae, tribe Crambini. Some authors have assigned the synonymous taxon Nirmaladia to the snout moth family (Pyralidae), where all grass moths were once also included, but this seems to be in error. |
14 | parent taxon | African honey bee | Western honey bee | ['pine tree', 'shield bugs', 'tylopilus', 'eurypterida', 'mucuna', 'iguanidae', 'maccullochella', 'albizia', 'anseriformes', 'agaricus', 'hypericum', 'haplochromine', 'clupeidae', 'taxodium', 'sage', 'rhynchobatidae', 'theaceae', 'pseudochirulus', 'aconite', 'lates', 'neosuchian', 'togavirus', 'eulimidae', 'polygonaceae', 'ascomycetes', 'ribes', 'montiaceae', 'bird flu', 'ammonoidea', 'hemaris', 'roundworm', 'cladophoraceae', 'palmetto', 'ovis', 'trombidiidae', 'blowflies', 'anglerfish', 'connochaetes', 'salix', 'snakehead', 'pelycosaur', 'strigidae', 'discoglossidae', 'gorilla', 'crape myrtle', 'swallowtail butterflies', 'sympetrum', 'barringtonia', 'bearded saki', 'harvestman', 'dalbergia', 'rose', 'chank', 'aerodramus', 'sylvisorex', 'ameiva', 'pomacentridae', 'mylodontidae', 'fagales', 'antheraea', 'rauisuchid', 'afzelia', 'gentian family', 'prickly ash', 'elachistidae', 'bradyrhizobiaceae', 'melanitta', 'achillea', 'nymphalid', 'umbelliferae', 'raccoon', 'orthoceroid', 'gadidae', 'ploceus', 'ganodermataceae', 'sedge moths', 'penguin', 'serinus', 'mytilidae', 'hesperiidae', 'pooideae', 'malarial parasite', 'calochortus', 'decapod', 'dianthus', 'saxifrage', 'dogfish shark', 'liliopsida', 'eucalypts', 'assassin bugs', 'guaiac', 'lepidopterans', 'mammalia', 'hominin', 'lewisia', 'oncorhynchus mykiss', 'crabapple', 'hominid', 'fruit flies'] | Africanized bee | Africanized honey bees (also spelled Africanised honey bees), known colloquially as "killer bees", are a hybrid of the Western honey bee species, (Apis mellifera), produced originally by cross-breeding of the African honey bee (A. m. scutellata), with various European honey bees such as the Italian bee A. m. ligustica and the Iberian bee A. m. iberiensis. The African honey bee was first introduced to Brazil in the 1950s in an effort to increase honey production; but, in 1957, 26 swarms accidentally escaped quarantine and, since then, have spread throughout South and Central America and arrived in North America in 1985. This species was discovered in Lafayette, California, in September 2015. |
14 | parent taxon | starry sturgeon | Acipenser | ['cepphus', 'marsupial', 'peracarida', 'datura', 'taxodium', 'iguanodont', 'bucerotidae', 'heterodera', 'plakobranchidae', 'oceanic dolphin', 'amblyomma', 'molossid', 'pooideae', 'hemipteran', 'flowering plant', 'pulmonate', 'carpobrotus', 'nerodia', 'eubalaena', 'betula', 'gazelle', 'alytidae', 'teosinte', 'pitviper', 'influenza', 'pelea', 'skipper butterflies', 'afrotheria', 'alvarezsaurids', 'agelenidae', 'cypriniformes', 'caniform', 'sheoak', 'anthias', 'ghost pipefish', 'leptotyphlopidae', 'costaceae', 'indigofera', 'chlorocebus', 'didelphis', 'eulemur', 'fundulus', 'bufonids', 'squirrel monkey', 'cetaceans', 'randia', 'primulaceae', 'ursidae', 'marmota', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'altingiaceae', 'calophyllum tacamahaca', 'caniformia', 'australasian robin', 'canidae', 'fungi', 'sigmodontine', 'helichrysum', 'sus scrofa', 'triturus', 'plethodontid', 'weasel family', 'alphacoronavirus', 'rhododendrons', 'pomacanthus', 'tardigrades', 'glabella', 'bordetella', 'molossidae', 'pomacentridae', 'tamarix', 'sea butterflies', 'red colobus', 'lemuridae', 'neuroptera', 'triticum', 'seal', 'pomacanthidae', 'solanaceae', 'calla lily', 'tang', 'orb weaver', 'pyramidellidae', 'flax family', 'corylus', 'danionin', 'epimastigote', 'sheet weaver', 'calvatia', 'hylaeamys', 'erythrina', 'syrphidae', 'cortinariaceae', 'spiny lobster', 'goosefoot', 'actitis', 'lepiota', 'carp', 'brassica oleracea'] | Starry sturgeon | The starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) also known as stellate sturgeon or sevruga (Drakul, Persian: اوزون برون (ozu:n boru:n) and (Turkish) Uzun Burun (long nosed)), is a species of sturgeon. It is native to the Black, Azov, Caspian and Aegean sea basins, but it has been extirpated from the last and it is predicted that the remaining natural population will follow soon due to overfishing. It is considered critically endangered by the IUCN and international trade in this species (including its caviar) is restricted by CITES. The starry sturgeon is an anadromous species, which migrates up rivers to spawn. |
14 | parent taxon | Mentzelia | Loasaceae | ['acarosporaceae', 'protomicrocotylids', 'phlebotomine', 'aphid', 'sisoridae', 'sebastes', 'convolvulaceae', 'teucrium', 'lycaenid butterflies', 'pseudocrenilabrinae', 'ursidae', 'swallow family', 'pouteria', 'chenopodium', 'hominini', 'toadflax', 'alvarezsaurids', 'coturnix', 'camellia', 'lamiales', 'brassica napus', 'buckthorn family', 'gobiidae', 'strombidae', 'rush family', 'squaliformes', 'malva', 'leguminous', 'murraya', 'shield bug', 'plantaginaceae', 'helvella', 'deschampsia', 'echinoderms', 'cetacean', 'areca palm', 'bluegrass subfamily', 'percidae', 'erinaceidae', 'bradypterus', 'corvidae', 'plesiadapiformes', 'pomacanthidae', 'viscaceae', 'stony corals', 'tetraodontiformes', 'caenogastropoda', 'foxglove', 'annonaceae', 'acropora', 'flowering rush', 'thyreophora', 'rhino', 'scarabaeidae', 'cypress family', 'orbweaver', 'birch family', 'russulaceae', 'green monkeys', 'pacific salmon', 'hawkweed', 'amaryllis family', 'oligoryzomys', 'whitefishes', 'orobanchaceae', 'mollusk', 'syngnathiformes', 'metazoans', 'figs', 'aldrovanda', 'sphenacodontidae', 'afzelia', 'hadrosaurine', 'pasqueflower', 'polystichum', 'verbascum', 'phytosaur', 'waterfowl', 'massospondylid', 'hornet', 'disk flowers', 'tenebrionidae', 'gentianaceae', 'tetraogallus', 'pinus', 'new world warbler', 'catfish', 'oncorhynchus mykiss', 'true weevil', 'melicope', 'honeybee', 'gallirallus', 'arachnids', 'gentianella', 'snakeflies', 'fringillidae', 'archosaurs', 'snakefly', 'hypericum'] | Mentzelia goodrichii | Mentzelia goodrichii is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Loasaceae known by the common name Goodrich's blazingstar. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where it is known only from Duchesne County. This plant is a long-lived perennial herb forming clumps of branching, white stems up to about 30 centimeters tall. The inflorescence contains 1 to 3 flowers, each with 10 large yellow petals. Blooming occurs in July. This plant is known from five locations on the Badland Cliffs of northeastern Utah, where it grows on the white shale outcrops of the Green River Formation. It grows among pines and Douglas-fir. |
14 | parent taxon | Xenodontinae | colubrid | ['spartina', 'cardiidae', 'etheostoma', 'trypanosomes', 'helvella', 'saxifrage', 'animalia', 'old world monkey', 'araucarias', 'arctocephalus', 'mitosporic fungus', 'ankylosaur', 'tamarisk', 'lecanoraceae', 'mycobacterial', 'naja', 'varanidae', 'phacopida', 'penaeid shrimp', 'blow flies', 'convolvulus', 'cannabis', 'fowl', 'podocarps', 'capsicum', 'echinochloa', 'parkia', 'cyprinid', 'rock rose', 'aerodramus', 'true oysters', 'chalcidoidea', 'liliopsida', 'swallow family', 'germander', 'cordia', 'angelfish', 'rhipiduridae', 'influenza a', 'velvet mite', 'typical fulvettas', 'elephas', 'arachnids', 'stony coral', 'nodosauridae', 'oleaceae', 'epinephelus', 'hadrosaurid', 'saguinus', 'flycatcher', 'dorycnium', 'scolopacidae', 'salmonella', 'hippos', 'taxodium', 'sweet gum', 'honeybees', 'sunflower tribe', 'peirosaurids', 'pit vipers', 'bedstraw', 'melicope', 'tree ferns', 'nidovirales', 'bactrocera', 'opuntia', 'cucurbits', 'xanthorrhoea', 'orchid bee', 'peracarids', 'cervus', 'glabella', 'clostridium', 'omphalotus', 'cyclobalanopsis', 'sus', 'tiger beetle', 'juniper', 'ictaluridae', 'amphibamid', 'colubrids', 'haliplidae', 'herpes', 'odostomiidae', 'silesaurid', 'giraffa', 'spinosaurids', 'myrtles', 'pinaceae', 'limpet', 'hylomyscus', 'alnus', 'poplar', 'ambystomatidae', 'cyperaceae', 'buccinidae', 'dayflower family', 'natricine', 'araceae'] | Geophis | Geophis is a genus of colubrid snakes that belong to the Xenodontinae subfamily and are typically referred to as Latin American earth snakes (Spanish: culebra minera or culebra minadora). The genus consists of over forty distinct species. |
14 | parent taxon | ash trees | Oleaceae | ['equisetaceae', 'swamp cypress', 'terror bird', 'pterophoridae', 'orchidaceae', 'snakehead fish', 'otididae', 'purslane family', 'tamarix', 'taxaceae', 'cnidarians', 'carya', 'bothriembryontidae', 'phlebotomine', 'lathyrus', 'sea scorpion', 'loasaceae', 'ladyfish', 'nautiloid', 'eurypterida', 'malvales', 'giant mouse lemur', 'sainfoin', 'petroicidae', 'odonata', 'theridiidae', 'canna', 'monitor lizard', 'rutilus', 'glaucomys', 'red', 'fusarium', 'neoptera', 'dalbergia', 'quercus', 'canavalia', 'blowfly', 'enterobacteriaceae', 'aphids', 'osteoglossiformes', 'cat', 'sandalwood', 'pueraria', 'damaliscus', 'enallagma', 'lophiiformes', 'galatheidae', 'hydnaceae', 'phrymaceae', 'snake', 'plesiosaur', 'katydid', 'metazoans', 'emydidae', 'cordyline', 'tipuloidea', 'cordia', 'euplectes', 'fern', 'perch', 'gavialis', 'ruscaceae', 'eichhornia', 'proboscid', 'anserinae', 'spurge', 'entolomataceae', 'plesiadapiformes', 'lates perch', 'bryozoan', 'germander', 'prickly ash', 'dayflower', 'rove beetles', 'streptococci', 'citrus', 'mitosporic fungi', 'herpesviridae', 'campanula', 'polystichum', 'jatropha', 'molluscs', 'loricariidae', 'honeybee', 'puffinus', 'banana cultivars', 'cirsium', 'serinus', 'sea horse', 'ostrya', 'saxifrages', 'nyctalus', 'chevrotain', 'ammophila', 'ragweed', 'cladophoraceae', 'sphenacodontid', 'fir', 'alisterus'] | Rowan | The rowans or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in genus Sorbus of family Rosaceae. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in the mountains of western China and the Himalaya, where numerous apomictic microspecies occur. The name rowan was originally applied to the species Sorbus aucuparia, and is also used for other species in Sorbus subgenus Sorbus. Rowans are unrelated to the true ash trees, which belong to the genus Fraxinus, family Oleaceae, though their leaves bear superficial similarity. Formerly, when a wider variety of fruits were commonly eaten in European and North American culture, Sorbus counted among the home fruits, though Sorbus domestica is all but extinct in Britain, where it was traditionally revered. Natural hybrids, often including Sorbus aucuparia and the whitebeam, Sorbus aria, give rise to many endemic variants in the UK. |
14 | parent taxon | Amelanchier alnifolia | saskatoon | ['dikarya', 'arthropods', 'bumblebee', 'cottidae', 'leopardus', 'pipefish', 'cetacean', 'phytophthora', 'aroid', 'tiger beetle', 'pencil catfish', 'feliform', 'caryophyllales', 'leucaena', 'swamp cypress', 'tangle web spider', 'cortinariaceae', 'pueraria', 'geometridae', 'brittlegills', 'banana cultivars', 'campanula', 'paralichthyidae', 'diptera', 'stylommatophora', 'frangipani', 'bulldog ants', 'cisticola', 'plantain', 'dromaeosauridae', 'serinus', 'lepiota', 'echinochloa', 'hyacinthaceae', 'haematopodidae', 'cistus', 'crocodylomorphs', 'bony fish', 'nymphalid', 'greenbrier', 'sequoiadendron', 'actaea', 'anthias', 'borsoniidae', 'ambystomatidae', 'fundulus', 'canines', 'thistle tribe', 'carcharias', 'archosauromorpha', 'boxthorn', 'poa', 'arums', 'streptococcus', 'scarabaeid', 'nasturtium', 'ferula', 'neuroptera', 'jonquil', 'auk', 'verbascum', 'salix', 'typhlopidae', 'colubrid', 'hemlock', 'western honey bee', 'anthyllis', 'steatomys', 'ferocactus', 'brown bear', 'limpet', 'theria', 'sarothruridae', 'macadamia', 'fish', 'australasian robin', 'cannaceae', 'terror birds', 'bankeraceae', 'abrocomidae', 'onion', 'ankylosaur', 'fluke', 'bearded saki', 'oceanic dolphin', 'broomrape family', 'tunicates', 'hominini', 'osmia', 'salmon', 'cumbungi', 'red colobus', 'squashes', 'peony', 'seahorses', 'laurel family', 'promastigote', 'asparagus family', 'grunt'] | Amelanchier alnifolia | Amelanchier alnifolia, the saskatoon, Pacific serviceberry, western serviceberry, alder-leaf shadbush, dwarf shadbush, chuckley pear, or western juneberry, is a shrub with edible berry-like fruit, native to North America from Alaska across most of western Canada and in the western and north-central United States. Historically, it was also called pigeon berry. It grows from sea level in the north of the range, up to 2,600 m (8,530 ft) elevation in California and 3,400 m (11,200 ft) in the Rocky Mountains, and is a common shrub in the forest understory. |
14 | parent taxon | common foxglove | Digitalis | ['cashew family', 'canids', 'rupicapra', 'dorid', 'rubiaceae', 'anguimorpha', 'tillandsioideae', 'proteales', 'serviceberry', 'stapeliads', 'cassia', 'diprotodontidae', 'cactaceae', 'melicope', 'flea', 'areca palm', 'green lacewings', 'hymenopodidae', 'praenuculidae', 'osmanthus', 'squaliform', 'physalacriaceae', 'metatherian', 'ranellidae', 'fish', 'ichthyosaur', 'echidnas', 'cat family', 'mosasaur', 'fundulus', 'red colobus', 'hyacinthaceae', 'cyprinodontiformes', 'sporophila', 'lepus', 'chalcidoidea', 'lagomorpha', 'reoviridae', 'morning glory family', 'noctuoid moth', 'cyathea', 'orbweaver', 'blowfly', 'dasylirion', 'cotoneaster', 'spotted deer', 'gaultheria', 'skullcap', 'mollusca', 'cucurbits', 'archosauromorph', 'true seal', 'agathis', 'pappus', 'potamochoerus', 'acipenser', 'pyralidae', 'osteichthyans', 'scleractinia', 'ichthyosaurs', 'heathers', 'marine hatchetfishes', 'sorbus', 'argonauta', 'secoviridae', 'spiraea', 'true fly', 'temperate perch', 'wolf spiders', 'fruit', 'suina', 'lupinus', 'threskiornis', 'opisthobranchs', 'water hemlock', 'hake', 'nudibranchia', 'brassica oleracea', 'carpinus', 'semnopithecus', 'hymenochaetaceae', 'chinchillidae', 'pandanus', 'orobanchaceae', 'phylloscopidae', 'hamamelidaceae', 'alligatoridae', 'coffee', 'bryozoan', 'paeony', 'pezizomycotina', 'salticus', 'shag', 'populus', 'araneidae', 'ground sharks', 'emberizidae', 'chank shell', 'australasian robin'] | Digitalis purpurea | Digitalis purpurea (foxglove, common foxglove, purple foxglove or lady's glove) is a species of flowering plant in the genus Digitalis, in the family Plantaginaceae, native and widespread throughout most of temperate Europe. It is also naturalised in parts of North America and some other temperate regions. The plants are well known as the original source of the heart medicine digoxin (also called digitalis or digitalin). |
14 | parent taxon | soapwort | Caryophyllaceae | ['bolbitiaceae', 'nautiloidea', 'irvingiaceae', 'holothuriidae', 'galliformes', 'cyclobalanopsis', 'elephantidae', 'pucciniales', 'cyprinodontidae', 'fusarium', 'fig tree', 'arnica', 'caprines', 'mint', 'bird', 'gobies', 'lespedeza', 'arum lily', 'megabats', 'black widow', 'crambidae', 'muscicapidae', 'stylidiaceae', 'symplocaceae', 'narcissus', 'geoglossaceae', 'puma', 'trachylepis', 'pseudotsuga', 'tineidae', 'whale', 'cycads', 'magnoliales', 'areca', 'rhabdoviridae', 'afrotheria', 'juglans', 'lycalopex', 'sedum', 'lady slipper', 'passerine', 'honeysuckle', 'bucerotidae', 'alectoris', 'crocodylid', 'brassica napus', 'platanus', 'cordyline', 'reptantia', 'balanidae', 'true oysters', 'merluccius', 'garryaceae', 'dianthus', 'brassica rapa', 'orb weaver', 'poison hemlock', 'lungwort', 'tenpounder', 'leadwort', 'pleurodira', 'megachilidae', 'xanthorrhoea', 'epilobium', 'sundew', 'halictidae', 'caudovirales', 'dicrostonyx', 'blechnum', 'bauhinia', 'coprinus', 'prickly pear', 'mollies', 'sequoiadendron', 'snake', 'flat worm', 'saxifrage', 'asparagus family', 'rhinoptera', 'archegosauridae', 'ecdysozoa', 'eupleridae', 'athyrium', 'cervus canadensis', 'odocoileus hemionus', 'celastraceae', 'combtooth blennies', 'blowflies', 'echidnas', 'tobacco plant', 'hymenoptera', 'loaches', 'sillago', 'mason bee', 'picornaviridae', 'oxalis', 'sabiaceae', 'sicista', 'asian elephant'] | Saponaria ocymoides | Saponaria ocymoides (rock soapwort or tumbling Ted) is a species of semi-evergreen perennial flowering plant belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae, native to south western and southern central Europe. |
14 | parent taxon | Hawaiian honeycreeper | Fringillidae | ['turdidae', 'pterosaur', 'earwig', 'pit vipers', 'polypodiaceae', 'wisteria', 'sheet weaver', 'parsley family', 'monocotyledons', 'alytidae', 'holly', 'plesiadapiformes', 'pasqueflower', 'chelicerata', 'agaricus', 'aspleniaceae', 'haliplidae', 'formicidae', 'verbena family', 'pyramidellid', 'crane fly', 'holocentridae', 'pepper tree', 'herpestidae', 'galliformes', 'betta', 'crowned pigeon', 'hominids', 'psocomorpha', 'hadrosaur', 'whale', 'ardeola', 'carnivoran', 'aotus', 'skink', 'eupleridae', 'snakeflies', 'plumeria', 'sedum', 'loasaceae', 'sarracenia', 'cactaceae', 'water bear', 'brachiosaurid', 'legume', 'gadus', 'galatheidae', 'lamium', 'thecosomata', 'rauisuchid', 'buxaceae', 'cherry', 'abrocoma', 'pezizaceae', 'petroicidae', 'anthyllis', 'etmopterus', 'cedars', 'new world monkeys', 'vicia', 'himantopus', 'zanthoxylum', 'cacti', 'asphodeloideae', 'echinochloa', 'paraxerus', 'sigmodontinae', 'cannas', 'bullhead catfish', 'carpinus', 'phylloscopus', 'tricholomataceae', 'red colobus', 'ostrya', 'juneberry', 'nerodia', 'rail family', 'meliphagidae', 'papaveraceae', 'acanthus family', 'poeciliids', 'buccinidae', 'symphoricarpos', 'longhorn beetle', 'pelargonium', 'crustacean', 'phacopidae', 'captorhinid', 'felinae', 'krait', 'nasturtium', 'ascomycota', 'oxalis', 'leuciscus', 'echinodermata', 'cricetid', 'honey fungus', 'russulaceae', 'flycatcher'] | ‘Akeke‘e | The ʻakekeʻe (Loxops caeruleirostris) is a bird species in the family Fringillidae, where it is placed in the Hawaiian honeycreeper genus Loxops. It is endemic to the island of Kauaʻi where it is found in small numbers in higher elevations. Because of their similar size, shape, and unusual bill, the ʻakekeʻe and the ʻakepa (Loxops coccineus) were for some time classified as a single species. This was eventually changed, because of differences in their color, nesting behavior, and calls. |
14 | parent taxon | Gasteracantha | orbweaver | ['sundew', 'bovidae', 'megascops', 'struthio', 'true frog', 'ganodermataceae', 'cucurbita', 'silesaurids', 'didelphis', 'horseshoe crabs', 'clupeidae', 'actinistia', 'bird flu', 'stonecrop', 'accipitridae', 'polistes', 'threskiornis', 'sonchus', 'odonata', 'hymenopodidae', 'lady slipper', 'chimpanzee', 'sophora', 'burseraceae', 'boscia', 'aves', 'cycad', 'cichorieae', 'argonaut', 'sebastes', 'wild ass', 'potyviridae', 'bird', 'tortoise', 'ichthyosaur', 'calvatia', 'triturus', 'anglewing', 'livistona', 'mammuthus', 'crustaceans', 'schisandraceae', 'ganoderma', 'geranium', 'calycanthaceae', 'showy mistletoe', 'lates perch', 'alligatoridae', 'capsicums', 'leopardus', 'otus', 'tephritid fruit flies', 'jumping spider', 'phellinus', 'apis mellifera', 'monkshood', 'asplenium', 'abelisaurid', 'giant mouse lemur', 'onobrychis', 'cotton plant', 'tyrannosaurid', 'araliaceae', 'thistle tribe', 'broomrape family', 'caryophyllaceae', 'blow flies', 'archaeplastida', 'genetta', 'ratfish', 'caenogastropoda', 'weasel family', 'viperidae', 'gibbon', 'mazama', 'foraminifera', 'baetidae', 'cetacea', 'lentivirus', 'phylloscopus', 'pachliopta', 'common garden snail', 'hymenoptera', 'cyprinus', 'hamster', 'canids', 'meadow rue', 'tipuloidea', 'trilobite', 'catalpa', 'tupaiidae', 'arachnida', 'shorea', 'auk', 'dromaeosaurid', 'linden', 'glareolidae', 'juncus', 'chironomidae'] | Gasteracantha cancriformis | Gasteracantha cancriformis (the star spider, spiny-backed orbweaver, spiny orbweaver spider, crab-like orbweaver spider, crab-like spiny orbweaver spider, jewel spider, spiny-bellied orbweaver, jewel box spider, smiley face spider or sometimes in the Philippines, the king) is a species of spider. Females are 5–9 millimetres (0.20–0.35 in) long and 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) wide. The six abdominal spine-like projections on the abdomen are characteristic. The carapace, legs and underside are black with white spots under the abdomen. Variations occur in the colour of the upperside of the abdomen: a white or yellow colour with both featuring black spots. A white upperside can have either red or black spines while a yellow upperside can only have black ones. Like with many other spiders, males are much smaller (2 to 3 mm long) and longer than wide. They are similar to the females in colour but have a gray abdomen with white spots and the spines are reduced to four or five stubby projections. It is found across the southern part of the United States from California to Florida, including Alabama as well as in Central America, Jamaica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Bermuda, Puerto Rico, South America (including south and central Brazil, with several variations according to location) and certain islands in the Bahamas. It has also been sighted in the Whitsunday Islands, Australia, South Africa and Palawan, Philippines, as well as Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands, the Antilles and Koh Chang in Thailand eastern seaboard. It lives in woodland edges and shrubby gardens. Many of the studies on this spider have taken place in citrus groves in Florida. They frequently live in trees or around trees in shrubs. This species of spider does not live very long. In fact, the lifespan lasts only until reproduction, which usually takes place in the spring following the winter when they hatched. Females die after producing an egg mass, and males die six days after a complete cycle of sperm induction to the female. The genus name Gasteracantha derives from the Greek words γαστήρ (gaster, "belly") and ἄκανθα (acantha, "thorn"), while the specific epithet cancriformis derives from the Latin words cancer ("crab") and forma ("shape, form, appearance"). |
14 | parent taxon | Varanopidae | pelycosaur | ['scytalopus', 'festuca', 'tillandsioideae', 'poeciliidae', 'sundew', 'menyanthaceae', 'true toads', 'meliphagidae', 'titanosaur', 'astropectinidae', 'lomandra', 'volutidae', 'celastraceae', 'tragulidae', 'morchellaceae', 'morella', 'forficulina', 'mackerel sharks', 'genetta', 'orcaella', 'hominoids', 'abrocomidae', 'plesiadapiformes', 'lagenaria', 'marmosa', 'western honey bee', 'salmonidae', 'bulldog ants', 'plate coral', 'atropa', 'bearded dragon', 'orchidoideae', 'sarracenia', 'panax', 'oecomys', 'galliform', 'brittle star', 'balaenopterid', 'cedars', 'asparagales', 'nidovirales', 'hornet', 'heterodontosaurid', 'boscia', 'rubiaceae', 'phocidae', 'sea turtles', 'sheep', 'sternorrhyncha', 'sigmodontine', 'hepialid', 'laniidae', 'buckwheat family', 'hymenochaetaceae', 'tremarctos', 'taxus', 'paeony', 'taxodium', 'machairodont', 'pteridoideae', 'malus', 'rabbitfish', 'suture', 'ray florets', 'gryllidae', 'bird', 'sandalwood', 'prosauropods', 'archaeans', 'anthozoa', 'nepenthaceae', 'pocket gopher', 'microcebus', 'rasbora', 'butterfly fish', 'ceratitid', 'accipiter', 'macadamia nut', 'chank shell', 'thespidae', 'callophrys', 'blennies', 'avena', 'juglans', 'asimina', 'roundworms', 'baobabs', 'pitviper', 'gray mullet', 'ichneumonidae', 'chank', 'oryx', 'blackbutt', 'dytiscidae', 'neoplagiaulacidae', 'passion flower', 'herpesviruses', 'tobacco plant', 'araceae'] | Varanodon | Varanodon was a pelycosaur of the family Varanopidae. It reached a length of about 1.2-1.4 m. |
14 | parent taxon | arthropods | Ecdysozoa | ['caliciaceae', 'onobrychis', 'coffee', 'brown bear', 'latrodectus', 'phytosaur', 'buttercup family', 'wheat', 'sillaginidae', 'malpighiales', 'amanita', 'afzelia', 'pterosaur', 'ursus arctos', 'passiflora', 'hornet', 'mycena', 'casuarinaceae', 'pandanus', 'ostreidae', 'zingiber', 'suture', 'camellia', 'pelophylax', 'marine turtles', 'potentilla', 'suina', 'ictiobus', 'parkia', 'seal', 'equus ferus', 'honeybee', 'betula', 'russulaceae', 'animalia', 'wild boar', 'xiphosura', 'rabbitfish', 'ficus', 'acropora', 'muridae', 'crabapple', 'typical warbler', 'scorpionfish', 'pipidae', 'portulaca', 'staphylinidae', 'flax family', 'orchid', 'lepus', 'catharanthus', 'herpestes', 'arachnid', 'nautilid', 'fagaceae', 'chrysallidini', 'genetta', 'hepialid', 'psilocybe', 'plethodontidae', 'senecio', 'peppercorn tree', 'mucuna', 'stegosaurs', 'gradungulid', 'hedera', 'falcon', 'himantopus', 'alligatorine', 'lutjanus', 'yam family', 'squirrel monkeys', 'mycobacteria', 'eucalypts', 'flatwing', 'gamebird', 'bacteria', 'cottonwood', 'sedges', 'bulldog ants', 'araucariaceae', 'verbena family', 'pseudantechinus', 'acinonyx', 'calophyllaceae', 'fasciolariidae', 'austrobaileyales', 'attines', 'caryophyllaceae', 'hake', 'gymnosperms', 'true bugs', 'pastinaca', 'colubrids', 'figwort', 'mouse deer', 'pterocarpus', 'onion', 'rosebay rhododendron'] | Priapulida | Priapulida (priapulid worms or penis worms, from Gr. πριάπος, priāpos 'Priapus' + Lat. -ul-, diminutive) is a phylum of marine worms. The name of the phylum relates to the Greek god of fertility, because their general shape and their extensible spiny introvert (eversible proboscis) may recall the shape of a penis. They live in the mud (which they eat) and in comparatively shallow waters up to 90 metres (300 ft) deep. Some species show a remarkable tolerance for hydrogen sulfide and anoxia. Together with Echiura and Sipuncula, they were once placed in the taxon Gephyrea, but consistent morphological and molecular evidence supports their belonging to Ecdysozoa, which also includes arthropods and nematodes. Among Ecdysozoa, their nearest relatives are Kinorhyncha and Loricifera, with which they constitute the Scalidophora clade named after the spines covering the introvert (scalids). They feed on slow-moving invertebrates, such as polychaete worms. Priapulid-like fossils are known at least as far back as the Middle Cambrian. They were likely major predators of the Cambrian period. However, crown-group priapulids cannot be recognized until the Carboniferous. About 20 extant species of priapulid worms are known, half of them being of meiobenthic size. |
14 | parent taxon | Poecilotheria | tarantula | ['elaeagnus', 'conopidae', 'auk', 'primate', 'fundulus', 'orobanchaceae', 'cercocarpus', 'abelisaurid', 'weasel shark', 'characiformes', 'cinnamomum', 'salticus', 'marine hatchetfishes', 'leadwort', 'rabbitfish', 'phylloscopus', 'ilex', 'bean family', 'true weevil', 'cerithiidae', 'phocidae', 'pygidium', 'colletidae', 'salix', 'lobster', 'mimid', 'orchidaceae', 'pterophoridae', 'ammonoid', 'pterosauria', 'ambystomatidae', 'rubus', 'clusiaceae', 'sarraceniaceae', 'balaenopterid', 'salmonidae', 'brassicas', 'nautilida', 'banana family', 'petrogale', 'poeciliids', 'turdus', 'wasp', 'hickory nuts', 'meadowsweet', 'atriplex', 'vachellia', 'fabaceae', 'dalbergia', 'mentha', 'carya', 'leporidae', 'aquifoliaceae', 'terror bird', 'fruit fly', 'theclinae', 'panthera leo', 'icterid', 'arums', 'barberry', 'schistosomatidae', 'sebastes', 'sulidae', 'pseudechis', 'butterfly fish', 'poeciliidae', 'myrmecia', 'brodiaeoideae', 'pot marigold tribe', 'fagaceae', 'pachycephala', 'gadfly petrel', 'triturus', 'velvet worms', 'caprifig', 'ophrys', 'firefly', 'citrus', 'aphid', 'tangle web spider', 'cornaceae', 'icteridae', 'syrphidae', 'anthus', 'nematodes', 'lithocarpus', 'columbidae', 'privet', 'strix', 'galaxias', 'protoceratopsid', 'taxodium', 'paper nautilus', 'anchusa', 'euplectes', 'cricetidae', 'worm lizards', 'peirosaurids', 'araneae'] | Poecilotheria | Poecilotheria is a genus of the spider family Theraphosidae currently containing 14 or more species of arboreal tarantula, commonly known as tiger spiders. The genus is known for vivid color patterns, fast movement, and potent venom compared to other tarantulas. The genus is native to Sri Lanka and India. The name Poecilotheria is derived from Greek poikilos - spotted and therion - wild beast. |
14 | parent taxon | northern red bishop | Euplectes | ['dipterocarp', 'gentianella', 'lady slipper', 'tyto', 'burkholderia', 'dianthus', 'wolf spiders', 'dendronotid', 'perissodactyla', 'fouquieria', 'phacopidae', 'shrub', 'plate coral', 'oryzomys', 'birch family', 'dalbergieae', 'emberiza', 'fagus', 'digitalis', 'bullheads', 'cottonwood', 'felinae', 'megabat', 'notoungulata', 'guaiac', 'turritellidae', 'haliplidae', 'eupatorieae', 'scarabaeid', 'pyralid', 'fowl', 'laniarius', 'tyrannosaurid', 'toadflax', 'coral', 'formicinae', 'tenpounder', 'combretaceae', 'aldrovanda', 'argonaut', 'goodeniaceae', 'discosorids', 'metazoa', 'pachycephalosaurids', 'fagaceae', 'rhipidomys', 'sea bass', 'privet', 'stonecrop', 'fairy longhorn moth', 'snakehead fish', 'cherry', 'leadwort', 'pig', 'dillenia', 'caprifoliaceae', 'vitaceae', 'hippos', 'phellinus', 'agelenidae', 'onobrychis', 'adoxaceae', 'sunflower family', 'passion flower', 'pueraria', 'dasyprocta', 'grossulariaceae', 'lymnaeidae', 'discoglossidae', 'merluccid hake', 'opisthobranch', 'seed plants', 'albizia', 'pterosauria', 'carya', 'barn owl', 'influenza', 'petromyzontidae', 'snowdrop', 'roach', 'chinquapin', 'dalbergia', 'dictyoptera', 'senecio', 'sunfish', 'sea hares', 'nepenthes', 'citrus family', 'opisthobranchs', 'fulgoroid', 'entolomataceae', 'lagerstroemia', 'proboscidea', 'harvestman', 'gekkonidae', 'wentletrap', 'rose', 'bentgrass', 'hominini'] | Northern red bishop | The northern red bishop or orange bishop (Euplectes franciscanus) is a weaver belonging to the family Ploceidae. It was formerly regarded as a subspecies of the southern red bishop (Euplectes orix) of the southern half of Africa. The two are now usually classified as separate species. |
14 | parent taxon | Freesia | Iridaceae | ['primates', 'ammophila', 'stylommatophora', 'petromyzontidae', 'proteobacteria', 'lamium', 'hydnaceae', 'carrot family', 'oviraptorid', 'astropectinidae', 'loricariid', 'stinkhorn', 'phalacrocorax', 'cyprinid', 'pig', 'poison hemlock', 'roundworms', 'cottidae', 'toad', 'areca', 'iguanidae', 'salmon', 'crocus', 'orchidoideae', 'parrot', 'crassula', 'pyrginae', 'boletus', 'bearded saki', 'auk', 'clathrus', 'damselfly', 'nerodia', 'milo', 'plantae', 'vigna', 'acanthaceae', 'sea squirts', 'pocket gopher', 'curcuma', 'cypripedioideae', 'cycads', 'ankylosaurian', 'serranus', 'genista', 'himantopus', 'ensis', 'faboideae', 'aerodramus', 'pelagornithidae', 'pseudantechinus', 'haemodoraceae', 'wheat', 'phallaceae', 'camel', 'marmota', 'saltbush', 'clavicipitaceae', 'veratrum', 'skin beetles', 'prosopis', 'planorbidae', 'cyprinus', 'botrychium', 'streptococci', 'panthera', 'herpesvirales', 'deer flies', 'grevillea', 'cotoneaster', 'conifers', 'togaviridae', 'annonaceae', 'heath bedstraw', 'ichneumon wasps', 'castanea', 'gallinaceous birds', 'banana cultivars', 'leucaena', 'wild cat', 'titanosauria', 'hornet', 'mysid', 'poeciliids', 'phytophthora', 'cervus', 'squash family', 'cannas', 'montiaceae', 'clusiaceae', 'plum', 'seed plants', 'eriocnemis', 'bromeliaceae', 'pollachius', 'gadfly petrel', 'fig tree', 'oncorhynchus mykiss', 'halictid'] | Freesia | Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia species. Some other species are also grown as ornamental plants. |
14 | parent taxon | Ficus sur | figs | ['giraffa camelopardalis', 'teucrium', 'filoviridae', 'tenebrionoidea', 'monocot', 'papaveraceae', 'celtis', 'assassin bug', 'orthoptera', 'pusa', 'longhorn beetle', 'passerine', 'haliotidae', 'myrmecia', 'giant mouse lemur', 'dasyprocta', 'alligatorine', 'lobelia', 'petauridae', 'skimmer', 'armored suckermouth catfish', 'tamarix', 'armored dinosaurs', 'wasp', 'rhododendrons', 'pipidae', 'elephant', 'cumbungi', 'galaxias', 'lutjanus', 'araneus', 'phacopid', 'ciliates', 'pseudantechinus', 'pyralid', 'homarus', 'euphorbia', 'asimina', 'damselfly', 'minnow', 'clathrinidae', 'oil palm', 'sicista', 'magnoliales', 'dayflower family', 'archaeans', 'alytidae', 'hipposideros', 'clupeidae', 'stone loaches', 'mammuthus', 'ganoderma', 'marasmiaceae', 'lepiota', 'aphis', 'tapir', 'polypodiopsida', 'stony corals', 'mosasaur', 'conraua', 'agave', 'temperate perch', 'ziziphus', 'elateridae', 'snowberry', 'fasciolariidae', 'cardinalidae', 'cucurbita', 'inocybaceae', 'diprotodontidae', 'hylomyscus', 'cervus', 'pinyon pine', 'paperbark', 'garryaceae', 'daffodil', 'sculpin', 'terror bird', 'asparagus family', 'pig', 'hammerhead shark', 'loxodonta', 'pseudomonads', 'balaenoptera', 'sweat bee', 'orcaella', 'rattus', 'bovidae', 'south american ungulates', 'antiplasmodial', 'acarosporaceae', 'lontra', 'actitis', 'boraginaceae', 'legumes', 'gallus', 'herpesviruses', 'bee orchid', 'fagales'] | Ficus sur | The Cape fig or Broom cluster fig (Ficus sur) is a widespread Afrotropical species of cauliflorous fig. This fast-growing, deciduous or evergreen tree usually reaches 5 to 12 m, but may attain a height of 35 m to 40 m. Large specimens develop a massive spreading crown, fluted trunks and buttress roots. In cooler climes it is coastal, but they may be found at up to 2,500 m altitude. The heavily clustered figs suggest fecundity, and some trees in East Africa have been venerated as sacred shrines in animist practices. Over its extensive range it is variable with respect to leaf shape, texture of the leaves and figs, deciduousness and overall size. |
14 | parent taxon | Indigofera suffruticosa | Indigofera | ['assassin bugs', 'nyctalus', 'emberiza', 'brassicas', 'alytidae', 'sow thistle', 'arctocephalus', 'reduviidae', 'canis', 'baurusuchidae', 'hygrophoraceae', 'rust fungus', 'calophyllum', 'barberry family', 'squirrel monkey', 'cockle', 'trumpet vine', 'lepidopterans', 'marginellidae', 'wild apple', 'connochaetes', 'jumping spider', 'trichocomaceae', 'guinea pig', 'cotoneaster', 'hippopotamus', 'muroidea', 'protocetid', 'ratites', 'cherry', 'fern', 'euryarchaeota', 'rabbit', 'comamonadaceae', 'dendrobatidae', 'feliforms', 'globe flower', 'thyreophora', 'common garden snail', 'calystegia', 'rupicapra', 'neuroptera', 'trilobites', 'merluccius', 'krascheninnikovia', 'daffodils', 'crab apple', 'scaphopod', 'skipper family', 'syngnathiformes', 'dog family', 'water bear', 'blow fly', 'xenopus', 'pierid', 'buthidae', 'dusicyon', 'aquifoliaceae', 'ziziphus', 'white oak', 'knifefish', 'snakeflies', 'amphibian', 'pocket gopher', 'shield bugs', 'bladderwort family', 'rainbow trout', 'emydidae', 'captorinid', 'cichorieae', 'rose family', 'damselfly', 'buteo', 'cochlicopoidea', 'protostomes', 'capsicum frutescens', 'rhododendron', 'rauisuchid', 'bony fish', 'lime', 'hyphomicrobiaceae', 'annelid', 'boidae', 'juniperus', 'yew', 'skeleton shrimp', 'lampyridae', 'perching bird', 'myristicaceae', 'araneae', 'periodical cicada', 'pusa', 'cone', 'crab', 'viscaceae', 'alouatta', 'sorbus', 'genista', 'mytilidae'] | César Barbosa | César Barbosa (born 1954) is a Colombian biologist, ornithologist and botanist, specialising in the study of Fabaceae. In 1976 received his BA in Biology from the National University of Colombia. He is a researcher at the Herbarium of the National Institute of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment (Colombia) (INDERENA), specialising in legumes and has made botanical expeditions within Colombia. His published work describes Indigofera species occurring in Colombia, including Indigofera hirsuta, Indigofera lespedezioides and Indigofera suffruticosa. In August 2008 he described and named 41 new Trianea species. 50 species are listed under his abbreviation C.Barbosa. |
14 | parent taxon | Malurus | fairywren | ['lithocarpus', 'ichneumon wasps', 'eel', 'elateridae', 'patellogastropoda', 'ulmaceae', 'capitosauroid', 'staphylococcus', 'ophioglossaceae', 'spilocuscus', 'marginellidae', 'syngnathidae', 'wolf hybrid', 'polistes', 'boscia', 'amphipods', 'borsoniidae', 'sporophila', 'zygaena', 'heterodontidae', 'monocots', 'calyptraeidae', 'shrimp', 'hominin', 'nepenthaceae', 'halictidae', 'scarabaeus', 'silybum', 'proturans', 'olea', 'hippotragus', 'rhizopus', 'hyphomicrobiaceae', 'nodosauridae', 'catshark', 'aesculus', 'stipa', 'entelodont', 'noctuid', 'bentgrass', 'gentiana', 'chlamydiae', 'boidae', 'choristodere', 'protostomes', 'nyctibiidae', 'fescues', 'pappus', 'commelina', 'aphelocoma', 'gymnosperms', 'dolichoderinae', 'galerida', 'loxodonta', 'crustaceans', 'hylomyscus', 'campanulaceae', 'archosauromorpha', 'bromeliads', 'spurge', 'krait', 'pipefish', 'salmon', 'orthocerid', 'psocoptera', 'dermaptera', 'amaranth', 'trumpet vine', 'ononis', 'actitis', 'conidae', 'sweet gum', 'diprotodontidae', 'sturnidae', 'thyreophoran', 'solanaceous', 'glyphis', 'ammonoid', 'sedges', 'suture', 'milfoil', 'dromaeosauridae', 'corticiaceae', 'remingtonocetid', 'penaeidae', 'camaenidae', 'bridelia', 'syagrus', 'hawkweed', 'salticidae', 'heath family', 'chrysallidini', 'alphacoronavirus', 'vitaceae', 'protea', 'cornaceae', 'lycaenidae', 'old world fruit bats', 'grass rush'] | Purple-crowned fairywren | The purple-crowned fairywren (Malurus coronatus) is a species of bird in the Maluridae family.It is endemic to northern Australia; two subspecies are recognized. The surgeon J. R. Elsey was the first to collect the species, on A. C. Gregory's northern Australian expedition in 1855 and 1856. Two specimens were collected at Victoria River and a third at Robinson River which was not examined for over 100 years. It was first described by the ornithologist John Gould in 1858. Its species name is derived from the Latin cǒrōna "crown". The nominate subspecies is found in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia, and the subspecies macgillivrayi. named by Gregory Mathews in 1913, from the lands bordering the Gulf of Carpentaria. The two subspecies are separated by around 200 km of land inhospitable to them, and has been for around 10,000 years. Its distinctive plumage led Mathews to place it in a separate genus Rosina. However, genetic evidence shows it is most closely related to the superb and splendid fairywren within the genus Malurus. The plumage is brown overall, the wings more greyish brown. The bill and feet are black. The male in breeding plumage has a purple crown bordered by a black nape and face. On the top of the head is a black rectangular patch. It also has a cream-buff belly and blue tail tipped with white. In eclipse plumage the crown is grey and head mottled black and grey. The female differs in having a blue-tinged grey crown, chestnut ear-coverts, and greenish blue tail. Immature birds have a brown crown, although male birds start to show black feathers on the face by 6 to 9 months. Three calls have been recorded: a loud reel cheepa-cheepa-cheepa, a quieter chet – a contact call between birds in a group when foraging, and an alarm call – a harsh zit. The preferred habitat is long grass or Pandanus, within 10 m (35 ft) of a river or spring. |
14 | parent taxon | wader | Charadriiformes | ['teloschistaceae', 'mongoose', 'myrtles', 'melanitta', 'phlebotomine', 'ardeola', 'fabales', 'foxglove plant', 'leafcutter bee', 'spurge family', 'macraucheniid', 'ladyfish', 'plethodontid', 'sisoridae', 'sea hares', 'cannas', 'canids', 'lycopodiaceae', 'plantain', 'lungwort', 'willowherb', 'muroidea', 'hadrosaurs', 'lagerstroemia', 'sea hare', 'gazella', 'thespidae', 'polypodium', 'herpestidae', 'walnut', 'accipiter', 'willow', 'foxglove', 'slow loris', 'deschampsia', 'datura', 'mitosporic fungus', 'mint', 'araneidae', 'chrysomelidae', 'echinodermata', 'simaroubaceae', 'elopidae', 'thyreophora', 'redfish', 'nyctibiidae', 'cannaceae', 'ranellidae', 'pterosaurs', 'cactaceae', 'dayflower family', 'gooseberry family', 'snapdragon', 'pickleweed', 'plantae', 'araceae', 'hypnozoite', 'eupatorieae', 'tamarix', 'carangidae', 'nepenthaceae', 'cricetidae', 'false nettle', 'picornaviridae', 'amphibia', 'ichthyopterygia', 'amphibamids', 'taraxacum', 'knapweeds', 'agathis', 'barringtonia', 'requiem shark', 'daisy family', 'whitefishes', 'leontopodium', 'hermit crab', 'sigmodontine', 'lion', 'gaultheria', 'selfheal', 'common garden snail', 'cortinariaceae', 'cochlicopoidea', 'scarabaeid', 'euarchonta', 'iguanidae', 'holly family', 'true limpet', 'chimpanzee', 'ragwort', 'araucarias', 'banksia', 'buxus', 'struthio', 'sphaeralcea', 'lycaenid butterflies', 'african elephant', 'sunflower tribe', 'styracaceae'] | Wader | Waders, called shorebirds in North America (where "wader" is used to refer to long-legged wading birds such as storks and herons), are members of the order Charadriiformes, excluding the more marine web-footed seabird groups. There are about 210[verification needed] species, most of which are associated with wetland or coastal environments. Many species of Arctic and temperate regions are strongly migratory, but tropical birds are often resident, or move only in response to rainfall patterns. Some of the Arctic species, such as little stint, are amongst the longest distance migrants, spending the non-breeding season in the southern hemisphere. Many of the smaller species found in coastal habitats, particularly but not exclusively the calidrids, are often named as "sandpipers", but this term does not have a strict meaning, since the upland sandpiper is a grassland species. The smallest member of this group is the least sandpiper, small adults of which can weigh as little as 15.5 grams and measure just over 13 cm (5.1 in). The largest species is believed to be the Far Eastern curlew, at about 63 cm (25 in) and 860 grams (1.90 pounds), although the beach thick-knee is the heaviest at about 1 kg (2.2 lb). In the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, waders and many other groups are subsumed into a greatly enlarged Ciconiiformes order. However, the classification of the Charadriiformes is one of the weakest points of the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, as DNA-DNA hybridization has turned out to be incapable of properly resolving the interrelationships of the group. Formerly, the waders were united in a single suborder Charadrii, but this has turned out to be a "wastebasket taxon", uniting no less than four charadriiform lineages in a paraphyletic assemblage. However, it indicated that the plains wanderer actually belonged into one of them. Following recent studies (Ericson et al., 2003; Paton et al., 2003; Thomas et al., 2004a, b; van Tuinen et al., 2004; Paton & Baker, 2006), the waders may be more accurately subdivided as follows: In keeping more in line with the traditional grouping, the Thinocori could be included in the Scolopaci, and the Chionidi in the Charadrii. However, the increasing knowledge about the early evolutionary history of modern birds suggests that the assumption of Paton et al. (2003) and Thomas et al. (2004b) of 4 distinct "wader" lineages (= suborders) already being present around the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary is correct. |
14 | parent taxon | Myrmeciinae | bulldog ants | ['buddleja', 'alligatorine', 'chanterelle', 'chinquapin', 'sweat bee', 'palm nuts', 'sunfish', 'creeping bent', 'megachile', 'mespilus', 'tettigoniidae', 'gentian family', 'decapod', 'tupaiidae', 'gallus', 'lithocarpus', 'pezoporus', 'alphacoronavirus', 'bumblebee', 'sciurini', 'arthropod', 'coelodonta', 'sculpin', 'grape family', 'oncorhynchus mykiss', 'cunoniaceae', 'aldrovanda', 'coffee plants', 'bufo', 'heath family', 'coprinus', 'caecilian', 'geometer moths', 'hedera', 'canids', 'western honey bee', 'phyllanthaceae', 'limpet', 'shield bugs', 'squashes', 'arvicola', 'carpobrotus', 'anthus', 'spotted deer', 'melastomataceae', 'leptospermum', 'mazama', 'old world monkey', 'stipa', 'clostridium', 'cetacea', 'poeciliidae', 'halictid', 'pseudomonads', 'saltator', 'lycaenidae', 'verbena family', 'juglans', 'hirundo', 'boscia', 'polygonaceae', 'brant', 'rorqual', 'myrmotherula', 'mint', 'pyralid', 'akysidae', 'mylodontidae', 'feliformia', 'glareolidae', 'cutthroat trout', 'black bass', 'pezizaceae', 'sandalwood', 'archosaurs', 'rhizodont', 'requiem shark', 'rove beetle', 'dracaena', 'garcinia', 'dromaeosaur', 'squash plants', 'pupfish', 'slipper orchid', 'rhynchobatidae', 'umbelliferae', 'mango', 'litoria', 'frog', 'cirsium', 'ark clam', 'acroporid', 'thalasseus', 'fagaceae', 'locustella', 'simaroubaceae', 'vaccinium', 'tainoceratacean', 'whitefishes'] | Myrmeciites | Myrmeciites is an extinct form genus of bulldog ants in the subfamily Myrmeciinae of the family Formicidae, which contains three described species and two fossils not placed beyond the genus level. Described in 2006 from Ypresian stage (Early Eocene) deposits, all three of the described species and one unplaced fossil are from British Columbia, Canada, while the second unplaced fossil is from Washington State, USA. These ants were large, with the largest specimens collected reaching 3 centimetres (1.2 in). The behaviour of these ants would have been similar to extant Myrmeciinae ants, such as solitary foraging, nesting either in the soil or trees, and leaving no pheromone trail to food sources. Due to the poor preservation of these ants, their phylogenetic position among Myrmeciinae is unclear, and no type species has been designated. These ants are classified as incertae sedis in Myrmeciinae, but some writers have classified it as incertae sedis within the insect order Hymenoptera. This reclassification however has not been accepted; instead, Myrmeciites remains in Myrmeciinae. |
14 | parent taxon | Ficus religiosa | Ficus | ['coral', 'lathyrus', 'mara', 'hyracodontid', 'crayfish', 'emydidae', 'cichorium', 'lymnaeidae', 'herpestidae', 'borage family', 'machairodont', 'mesocricetus', 'lamium', 'cranesbill', 'helianthemum', 'thymelaeaceae', 'estrildid finch', 'cantharellus', 'metriorhynchidae', 'golden chinquapin', 'iguana', 'pappus', 'deuterostome', 'anura', 'carnation', 'boxthorn', 'carnivoran', 'cichorieae', 'bladderwort family', 'bankeraceae', 'formicidae', 'ceratosaur', 'sylviidae', 'phylloscopus', 'rosaceae', 'tettigoniidae', 'scolytus', 'thespidae', 'ixodidae', 'spider', 'metazoans', 'rubiaceae', 'boletaceae', 'sea anemone', 'protomicrocotylids', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'giraffa camelopardalis', 'enterobacteriaceae', 'strigidae', 'bullhead catfish', 'corydalidae', 'laniidae', 'lythraceae', 'peromyscus', 'comamonadaceae', 'sambucus', 'monocots', 'hyacinthaceae', 'conifers', 'norovirus', 'phrynosomatidae', 'aphelocoma', 'omphalotus', 'heterodera', 'true fireweed', 'grossulariaceae', 'ceratitids', 'populus', 'tainoceratacean', 'mantidae', 'whale', 'casuarinaceae', 'discoglossidae', 'thylacinus', 'mammuthus', 'sheoak', 'alvarezsauridae', 'dracaena', 'weasel shark', 'scardinius', 'blow flies', 'multituberculata', 'xiphophorus', 'seahorses', 'softshell turtle', 'bark beetle', 'isoetaceae', 'lacewings', 'stereospondyl', 'sunfish', 'dock', 'dog family', 'tang', 'coffee family', 'glaucomys', 'patellogastropoda', 'orangutan', 'cerambycidae', 'ammophila'] | Pachylia ficus | Pachylia ficus, known as the Fig sphinx, is a moth of the Sphingidae family. It lives from the northern tip of South America in Uruguay through Central America to the southern tip of the United States straying into Arizona and Texas. It has a wingspan of 4 3⁄8–5 1⁄2 inches (110–140 mm), with orange-brown wings. There are several generations per year in the tropics, peninsular Florida and southern Texas. Adults have been recorded in February, September and November in Brazil and in June in Panama. The adults feed on the nectar of various flowers, including Asystasia gangetica. The larvae have been recorded feeding on Ficus aurea, Ficus carica, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus religiosa, Ficus pumila, Ficus gamelleira, Ficus prinoides, Ficus pumila and Artocarpus integrifolia. There are several colour morphs. Pupation takes place in a cocoon spun amongst leaf litter. |
14 | parent taxon | Ligustrum japonicum | privet | ['tadorna', 'typical warbler', 'trypanosomes', 'cyprinids', 'trachylepis', 'brine shrimp', 'silybum', 'combtooth blennies', 'icterid', 'pachycephalosaurs', 'sequoia', 'balaenoptera', 'carnivore', 'primate', 'canids', 'creeping bent', 'feliformia', 'scarabaeus', 'bothrops', 'meridiungulata', 'milfoil', 'elapid', 'nasturtium', 'ovenbirds', 'abrocoma', 'jumping spider', 'anoles', 'caprines', 'rhododendrons', 'archosaur', 'heath family', 'salviniaceae', 'nodosauridae', 'cranesbill', 'leguminosae', 'compsognathid', 'cricetidae', 'honey bee', 'ostreidae', 'dwarf boa', 'cypsela', 'stylidiaceae', 'ficus', 'snapdragon', 'arnica', 'centrarchidae', 'beech family', 'ciliate', 'puma', 'boehmeria', 'hawk', 'micropterus', 'catalpa', 'larus', 'rupicapra', 'squirrel monkey', 'promastigote', 'procyonid', 'theropod', 'selfheal', 'tusk shell', 'muehlenbeckia', 'silene', 'iguanidae', 'horseshoe crab', 'calliphoridae', 'primrose', 'bilaterally symmetrical', 'songbird', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'burseraceae', 'true fireweed', 'suture', 'actinidiaceae', 'marmota', 'noctuoidea', 'grapevine', 'coelodonta', 'cumbungi', 'penaeidae', 'gazelle', 'hippos', 'geranium', 'emberiza', 'gymnosperms', 'grass', 'acropora', 'phellinus', 'carangidae', 'pseudantechinus', 'knifefish', 'genetta', 'branchinectidae', 'iridaceae', 'spilocuscus', 'picornavirales', 'hordeum', 'asystasia', 'galerida'] | Ligustrum japonicum | Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet ; Japanese: ネズミモチ) is a species of Ligustrum (privet) native to central and southern Japan (Honshū, Shikoku, Kyūshū, Okinawa) and Korea. It is widely cultivated in other regions, and is naturalized in California and in the southeastern United States from Texas to Virginia. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 2–5 m (rarely 6 m) tall, with smooth, pale grey-brown bark on the stems. The leaves are opposite, 5–10 cm long and 2–5 cm broad, glossy dark green above, paler glaucous to yellowish green below, thick and leathery textured, and with an entire margin. The flowers are white, with a four-lobed corolla 5–6 mm long; they are borne in clusters 7–15 cm long in early summer. The fruit is an oval drupe, 10 mm long, ripening purple-black with a glaucous waxy bloom in early winter; in Japan they are popularly likened to mouse or rat droppings. The species is closely related to the Chinese Ligustrum lucidum, differing in its smaller size (L. lucidum making a tree to over 10 m tall), and elongated oval (not subglobose) fruit. |
14 | parent taxon | Neobatrachia | anuran | ['pine tree', 'iris family', 'malvales', 'tuna', 'maras', 'velvet worms', 'ciliate', 'digitalis', 'sweet gum', 'linden', 'vachellia', 'stonecrop', 'hygrophoraceae', 'cockle', 'capreolus', 'pastinaca', 'baurusuchid', 'rattus', 'flying fox', 'annelid', 'erebidae', 'garter snake', 'oleaceae', 'nerodia', 'nudibranch', 'grass', 'sigmodontine', 'crocodilian', 'medicago', 'knapweed', 'viperidae', 'merluccius', 'bankeraceae', 'ceratitids', 'peirosaurid', 'tringa', 'melicope', 'linum', 'zygophyllaceae', 'typhaceae', 'true limpet', 'archosauromorph', 'osteoglossiformes', 'rabbit', 'asterales', 'hickory nuts', 'yew', 'apiaceae', 'spleenwort', 'eupatorium', 'styracaceae', 'chrysomelidae', 'daisy family', 'harvestmen', 'podocarps', 'clupeid', 'maccullochella', 'osmunda', 'fagus', 'pusa', 'lewisia', 'saltator', 'lathyrus', 'magnoliales', 'burseraceae', 'juncaceae', 'boxthorn', 'noctuoid moths', 'columbidae', 'leporids', 'gastropods', 'rabbitfish', 'tyrannosaurid', 'armored suckermouth catfish', 'capsicums', 'threskiornis', 'cone snails', 'perissodactyla', 'eubalaena', 'umbelliferous', 'cervus elaphus', 'conidae', 'thylacinus', 'lungwort', 'geraniaceae', 'knapweeds', 'carabidae', 'sweat bee', 'actinopterygii', 'bryozoans', 'osmanthus', 'thea', 'orycteropus', 'cuscutaceae', 'snakehead fish', 'ovis', 'austrobaileyales', 'pyramidellidae', 'trombidiidae'] | Neobatrachia | The Neobatrachia are a suborder of the Anura, the order of frogs and toads. This suborder is the most advanced and apomorphic of the three anuran orders alive today, hence its name, which literally means "new frogs" (from the hellenic words neo, meaning "new" and batrachia, meaning "frogs"). It is also by far the largest of the three; its more than 5,000 different species make up over 96% of all living anurans. The differentiation between Archaeobatrachia, Mesobatrachia, and Neobatrachia is based primarily on anatomic differences, especially the skeletal structure, as well as several visible characteristics and behaviors. |
14 | parent taxon | Caniformia | carnivore | ['asian elephants', 'marigold', 'noctuidae', 'chrysomelidae', 'dicynodont', 'cannabaceae', 'sea stars', 'axis deer', 'mistletoe', 'sus', 'molossid', 'angelfish', 'boehmeria', 'sauropod', 'medicago', 'rorqual', 'buckthorn family', 'buteo', 'grass moth', 'myrtaceous', 'galium', 'simaroubaceae', 'monticola', 'umbelliferae', 'ericameria', 'polygalaceae', 'myliobatidae', 'cottonwood', 'turdus', 'bromeliads', 'sedge moths', 'true frog', 'mantodea', 'calophyllaceae', 'titanosauria', 'molluscs', 'sigmodontine', 'gentianaceae', 'angelfishes', 'combtooth blennies', 'adenovirus', 'meliphagidae', 'arthropoda', 'hymenopodidae', 'nautiloidea', 'buddleja', 'laniarius', 'sporophila', 'thrushes', 'deuterostomes', 'apis mellifera', 'scutellaria', 'vermetidae', 'natricine', 'triatominae', 'ferocactus', 'moraceae', 'scytalopus', 'bromelioideae', 'syngnathidae', 'salamander', 'cerithiidae', 'gobiidae', 'meadowsweet', 'muricidae', 'plesiosaur', 'brodiaeoideae', 'pig', 'colchicaceae', 'voalavo', 'pitviper', 'lomandra', 'flatwing', 'petroicidae', 'gastropods', 'ananas', 'yersinia', 'salamandridae', 'merluccius', 'mackerel sharks', 'soft corals', 'cycads', 'gradungulid', 'ciliate', 'pomacentridae', 'mantidae', 'catfish', 'lagerstroemia', 'wentletrap', 'amphipods', 'sedges', 'sunflower family', 'cyprinodontiformes', 'sphenacodontidae', 'clarias', 'blueberry', 'tenebrionoidea', 'dorycnium', 'xiphosura'] | Brachyrhynchocyon | Brachyrhynchocyon is an extinct genus of terrestrial carnivore, which belonged to the family Amphicyonidae ("bear dogs") of the suborder Caniformia. |
14 | parent taxon | Taphrinomycotina | ascomycete | ['tamaricaceae', 'amazilia', 'pterosaur', 'combtooth blennies', 'pyralid', 'nesoenas', 'randia', 'aspleniaceae', 'alcaligenaceae', 'asplenium', 'lycopodiaceae', 'louse', 'ulmus', 'blind snake', 'galliformes', 'hydrangeaceae', 'hadrosaurs', 'rhinocryptidae', 'armillaria', 'marginellidae', 'anserinae', 'loosestrife family', 'pachycephalosaurids', 'sea bass', 'horseshoe crab', 'procellariidae', 'mephitidae', 'flea', 'pelecanoides', 'galerida', 'darkling beetle', 'pipefish', 'lycosidae', 'tulip tree', 'ipomoea', 'cashew family', 'rhus', 'agavoideae', 'hake', 'mitosporic fungi', 'sea anemone', 'peirosaurid', 'gentian family', 'formicine ants', 'palaeognathae', 'myrmecia', 'malus', 'euplectes', 'polyporaceae', 'geoemydidae', 'osmia', 'guaiac', 'physalacriaceae', 'monkshood', 'lactobacillus', 'dragonflies', 'canids', 'fasciolariidae', 'beryciformes', 'bartonella', 'blow flies', 'cetacean', 'poplar', 'tyrannidae', 'noctuoid moth', 'populus', 'vespula', 'swallowtail butterflies', 'phacopid', 'abrocomidae', 'crustacea', 'hylobatidae', 'syringa', 'verbena', 'araneus', 'carangidae', 'velvet worm', 'ananas', 'bloodworm', 'jasmine', 'giant mouse lemur', 'bumblebee', 'nightshade', 'asterid', 'archosauromorph', 'argasid', 'ray florets', 'alcid', 'amphipods', 'avena', 'weasel shark', 'pelycosaurs', 'porcellionidae', 'coffee family', 'hedera', 'passion flower', 'phyllanthaceae', 'pteridaceae', 'dogfish'] | Taphrinomycetes | The Taphrinomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi belonging to the subdivision Taphrinomycotina. It includes the single order Taphrinales, which includes 2 families, 8 genera and 140 species. |
14 | parent taxon | Tremarctinae | Ursidae | ['fowl', 'blechnaceae', 'peracarida', 'turbinellidae', 'eupatorieae', 'sus', 'shrimp', 'squirrel monkey', 'ciliate', 'lathyrus', 'prickly ash', 'fire ant', 'caecilian', 'ascomycete', 'gourd family', 'osmia', 'geminiviridae', 'euglossine', 'palmetto', 'cypriniformes', 'triturus', 'rosebay rhododendron', 'alectoris', 'hemaris', 'brown bear', 'musteloidea', 'iris family', 'cercocarpus', 'earless seal', 'whitefish', 'erythroxylaceae', 'mantodea', 'struthio', 'sea horses', 'waterfowl', 'pear', 'macrocystis', 'abrocomidae', 'commelina', 'softshell turtle', 'acacia', 'brachiosaurid', 'tylopilus', 'bromeliads', 'clausena', 'boehmeria', 'coprinus', 'feliforms', 'elapids', 'aphids', 'pterocarpus', 'cannabis', 'fringillidae', 'katydid', 'sweat bee', 'flea beetle', 'treeshrew', 'plesiosaurs', 'ichneumonidae', 'red colobus', 'persea', 'fish', 'passiflora', 'scutellaria', 'captorhinid', 'mormoopidae', 'atropa', 'calycanthaceae', 'delphinidae', 'myotis', 'arnica', 'leafcutter bee', 'apium', 'dasyproctidae', 'widow spider', 'wood warbler', 'rhizopus', 'snakeheads', 'lewisia', 'mazama', 'euplerid', 'macrobrachium', 'wolf spiders', 'dogfish shark', 'equisetaceae', 'canine', 'eryngium', 'carnivoran', 'avena', 'citrus fruit', 'pseudechis', 'liquidambar', 'togavirus', 'foxglove', 'alphacoronavirus', 'garryaceae', 'nyctaginaceae', 'mason bee', 'hemlock'] | Tremarctini | The Tremarctini, the short-faced bears, are a tribe belonging to the family Ursidae (bears) endemic to North America and Europe during the Miocene to Holocene, living from about 13.6 Mya to the present. Tremarctini was named by Frick (1926). Its type is Plionarctos edensis. It was assigned to Ursidae by Frick (1926) and Carroll (1988); and to Tremarctinae by Hunt (1998). This tribe includes four genera: Arctodus, Arctotherium, Plionarctos, and Tremarctos, with the latter containing both extinct and extant species (e.g., Florida cave bear and spectacled bear). |
14 | parent taxon | Carpinus caroliniana | hornbeam | ['musteloidea', 'poison dart frog', 'diprotodontidae', 'etmopterus', 'centrarchidae', 'rail family', 'chondrichthyes', 'crayfish', 'cartilaginous fish', 'lontra', 'tupaiidae', 'canidae', 'pezizales', 'cypraeidae', 'cyclobalanopsis', 'great apes', 'bilateria', 'sandflies', 'atyid', 'ploceidae', 'sweat bees', 'euplectes', 'varanidae', 'water turtle', 'amaranths', 'pezizaceae', 'pupfish', 'albizia', 'dryopteris', 'laniarius', 'gentianaceae', 'isopoda', 'guenon', 'cannas', 'podocarp', 'iris', 'ligustrum', 'lonicera', 'cerradomys', 'stapeliae', 'catfish', 'yew', 'puffinus', 'mitosporic fungus', 'spiraea', 'baurusuchidae', 'bunyaviridae', 'homoptera', 'theropod', 'gamebird', 'fringillidae', 'coleophoridae', 'adoxaceae', 'plantain', 'sunflower family', 'orchidaceae', 'agaricales', 'hirundinidae', 'hypericum', 'boehmeria', 'amphibia', 'weasel family', 'fundulidae', 'phallaceae', 'monarchidae', 'sylvisorex', 'pitviper', 'colubridae', 'hepialid', 'iguanid', 'metalmark', 'sordariomycetes', 'sapotaceae', 'inocybaceae', 'umbellifers', 'fowl', 'hominini', 'caudovirales', 'rabbitfish', 'ardeola', 'squash plants', 'emydidae', 'cantharellus', 'pitcairnioideae', 'alcid', 'glaucomys', 'flatworm', 'asphodeloideae', 'araliaceae', 'scarabaeus', 'walnut', 'goral', 'sophora', 'pachliopta', 'bony fish', 'araceae', 'myrmotherula', 'clupeid', 'aplacophora'] | East Gulf coastal plain large river floodplain forest | The east Gulf coastal plain large river floodplain forest is a type of forested wetland found in the eastern and upper Gulf coastal plain, in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee. In particular, these forests can be found along the Apalachicola, Alabama, Tombigbee, Pascagoula, and Pearl rivers. Natural features along these large rivers, such as levees, point bars, meanders, oxbow lakes, and sloughs, result in wide variety of plant communities, ranging from bottomland forests to shrublands to prairies. Common trees include bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), willow oak (Quercus phellos), swamp laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia), and hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana). |
14 | parent taxon | Ailanthus altissima | ailanthus | ['crocodilia', 'bactrocera', 'phaseolus', 'milo', 'mint', 'borsoniidae', 'pooideae', 'magnolia', 'morning glory family', 'ursidae', 'solanaceae', 'teloschistaceae', 'sonchus', 'snake', 'brittle star', 'artocarpus', 'helicoidea', 'scomberomorus', 'marantaceae', 'molossidae', 'macrocystis', 'dianthus', 'haemodoraceae', 'cynodont', 'taenia', 'persea', 'rabbit', 'aesculus', 'anthozoans', 'cyprinodontidae', 'barn owl', 'antheraea', 'chrysobalanaceae', 'shag', 'pleurodira', 'salamander', 'argasid', 'laniarius', 'dasylirion', 'schistosomatidae', 'oryzomys', 'elm bark beetle', 'ranidae', 'papilionid', 'procyonidae', 'mullein', 'tree ferns', 'geminiviruses', 'collemataceae', 'leadwort', 'bilaterally symmetrical', 'whitefish', 'sphenacodontidae', 'monocotyledons', 'boidae', 'galium', 'patagioenas', 'tylopilus', 'aspidosperma', 'titanosaurid', 'agelenidae', 'tricholomataceae', 'emberiza', 'seahorses', 'helvella', 'chaetodon', 'estrildidae', 'neomys', 'falcon', 'honeybee', 'inocybaceae', 'hydrocharitaceae', 'bothriembryontidae', 'euarchonta', 'ambystoma', 'lontra', 'scytalopus', 'clusiaceae', 'bryozoans', 'asterids', 'acinonyx', 'alligatorine', 'agouti', 'poaceae', 'cockle', 'goat antelope', 'grunt', 'polypodiopsida', 'parmeliaceae', 'scilloideae', 'dragonflies', 'crocodylomorph', 'cone snails', 'cyprinidae', 'amaryllidaceae', 'sea horses', 'oxalidaceae', 'cunoniaceae', 'phoxinus'] | Ailanthus altissima | Ailanthus altissima /eɪˈlænθəs ælˈtɪsᵻmə/, commonly known as tree of heaven, ailanthus, or in Standard Chinese as chouchun (Chinese: 臭椿; pinyin: chòuchūn; literally: "foul smelling tree"), is a deciduous tree in the Simaroubaceae family. It is native to both northeast and central China, as well as Taiwan. Unlike other members of the genus Ailanthus, it is found in temperate climates rather than the tropics. The tree grows rapidly and is capable of reaching heights of 15 metres (49 ft) in 25 years. However, the species is also short lived and rarely lives more than 50 years, though its remarkable suckering ability makes it possible for this tree to clone itself indefinitely and live considerably longer (since they are linked to the mother tree and thus partly fed by it, the suckers are less vulnerable than the seedlings and can grow faster). In China, the tree of heaven has a long and rich history. It was mentioned in the oldest extant Chinese dictionary and listed in countless Chinese medical texts for its purported ability to cure ailments ranging from mental illness to baldness. The roots, leaves and bark are still used today in traditional Chinese medicine, primarily as an astringent. The tree has been grown extensively both in China and abroad as a host plant for the ailanthus silkmoth, a moth involved in silk production. Ailanthus has become a part of western culture as well, with the tree serving as the central metaphor and subject matter of the best-selling American novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith. The tree was first brought from China to Europe in the 1740s and to the United States in 1784. It was one of the first trees brought west during a time when chinoiserie was dominating European arts, and was initially hailed as a beautiful garden specimen. However, enthusiasm soon waned after gardeners became familiar with its suckering habits and its foul smelling odour. Despite this, it was used extensively as a street tree during much of the 19th century. Outside Europe and the United States the plant has been spread to many other areas beyond its native range. In a number of these, it has become an invasive species due to its ability both to colonise disturbed areas quickly and to suppress competition with allelopathic chemicals. It is considered a noxious weed in Australia, the United States, New Zealand and many countries of central, eastern and southern Europe. The tree also resprouts vigorously when cut, making its eradication difficult and time consuming. In many urban areas, it has acquired the derisive nicknames of "ghetto palm", "stink tree", and "tree of Hell". |
14 | parent taxon | striated swallow | Cecropis | ['formicinae', 'ascomycota', 'vespid', 'chalciporus', 'centrarchidae', 'pyralidae', 'rhinocryptidae', 'cetaceans', 'pterosaurs', 'stingless bee', 'leafcutter bee', 'laurasiatheria', 'portulacaceae', 'amaranth family', 'crape myrtle', 'randia', 'osmanthus', 'bullheads', 'boxthorn', 'arvicola', 'hadrosaurid', 'lythraceae', 'turdidae', 'potamochoerus', 'leguminous plants', 'allium', 'brown kiwi', 'mustelidae', 'polypodiaceae', 'himantopus', 'otididae', 'decapoda', 'ark clam', 'plesiosaurs', 'riodinidae', 'stapeliae', 'crustacean', 'buttercup family', 'honeybee', 'perch', 'lontra', 'firefly', 'isopods', 'meridiungulata', 'canavalia', 'crowned pigeon', 'tardigrades', 'dracaena', 'click beetle', 'black bass', 'nassariidae', 'ash tree', 'rhino', 'fireflies', 'magnolia', 'myrtles', 'fruit flies', 'grasstrees', 'lanius', 'prosopis', 'hyracodontid', 'akysidae', 'hominins', 'plate coral', 'araliaceae', 'bostrichidae', 'cnidarian', 'marine gastropod', 'dayflower', 'eel', 'perissodactyla', 'terror birds', 'rust fungi', 'primates', 'onion', 'simaroubaceae', 'galium', 'mazama', 'boletales', 'papilionaceae', 'lentibulariaceae', 'mesocricetus', 'picornaviridae', 'strobilanthes', 'russulaceae', 'lycalopex', 'procyonids', 'melicope', 'butterflyfish', 'pseudomonads', 'ascomycete', 'crocodylomorphs', 'tyrannosaurid', 'tricholomataceae', 'grunt', 'saturniidae', 'hieracium', 'tilia', 'phlebotomine'] | Striated swallow | The striated swallow (Cecropis striolata) is a species of swallow found in open, often hilly areas, clearings and cultivation in South and Southeast Asia to northeastern India and Taiwan. The striated swallow was formerly sometimes considered to a subspecies of red-rumped swallow. |
14 | parent taxon | Phylloporus | Boletaceae | ['sternoptychidae', 'lepidopterans', 'impatiens', 'pterocarpus', 'poaceae', 'thistle tribe', 'mango', 'cephalopods', 'scrophulariaceae', 'oryx', 'loosestrife family', 'ailanthus', 'squash plants', 'iguanidae', 'banana family', 'jumping spider', 'phrynosomatidae', 'porifera', 'pinus', 'epipactis', 'hickories', 'locustella', 'tringa', 'armillaria', 'aristida', 'campanula', 'pusa', 'anatidae', 'praying mantis', 'dromaeosaurids', 'archegosauridae', 'falco', 'liriodendron', 'gilled mushrooms', 'poppy family', 'petrogale', 'dombeya', 'vespertilioninae', 'leptospermum', 'marine hatchetfishes', 'avena', 'argonaut', 'cichlid', 'trypanosomes', 'ilex', 'frog', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'water turtle', 'malaconotidae', 'eucalyptus', 'achira', 'libellulidae', 'boar', 'hieracium', 'buffalo', 'massospondylids', 'polypodiales', 'sow thistle', 'ichneumon wasps', 'phacopida', 'cactus', 'inocybaceae', 'platyhelminth', 'lathyrus', 'podocarp', 'antwren', 'conopidae', 'limpet', 'metazoans', 'lepilemur', 'megapodagrionidae', 'borage family', 'loricariid', 'grass', 'cedars', 'jewelweed', 'influenza a virus', 'bullheads', 'muricidae', 'skeleton shrimp', 'laniarius', 'prosauropods', 'commelinaceae', 'hypericaceae', 'knotweed family', 'noctuidae', 'epimastigote', 'osmia', 'actinoceratidae', 'trifolium', 'flatworms', 'penicillium', 'melanitta', 'parmeliaceae', 'poison dart frog', 'salticidae', 'fagales', 'lunaria', 'dalbergieae'] | Phylloporus alborufus | Phylloporus alborufus is a species of fungus in the Boletaceae family. It was first described as a new species in 2010. |
14 | parent taxon | Apis dorsata | honey | ['australopithecus', 'hymenopodidae', 'cylindropuntia', 'butterflies', 'crambidae', 'shigella', 'hesperiidae', 'penguin', 'dragonfly', 'poa', 'ground beetle', 'rutilus', 'argonauta', 'oceanic dolphin', 'moth', 'elasmosauridae', 'sunflower tribe', 'olive family', 'rainbow trout', 'pecten', 'knotweed', 'silesaurid', 'rhabdoviridae', 'stinkhorn', 'swallowtail butterflies', 'gilled mushrooms', 'fireflies', 'galium', 'hominin', 'apalis', 'poppies', 'scarabaeid', 'mollusca', 'cucumis melo', 'macadamia nut', 'parulidae', 'sedum', 'tetraogallus', 'danionin', 'quercus', 'mustached bat', 'salmonella', 'droseraceae', 'hyla', 'adenovirus', 'gruiformes', 'indigo', 'acinetobacter', 'gramineae', 'leptotyphlopidae', 'lavender', 'firefly', 'brassica rapa', 'tortricidae', 'umbellifers', 'periodical cicadas', 'notoungulata', 'agathis', 'scorpaenidae', 'seal', 'macrocystis', 'cervus elaphus', 'anole', 'harvestmen', 'anseriformes', 'tuna', 'irvingiaceae', 'dromaeosauridae', 'proturans', 'gelechioidea', 'asparagus family', 'chrysomelidae', 'baobab', 'caprimulgidae', 'percichthyidae', 'rush family', 'glyphis', 'ratfish', 'crocodylidae', 'cetacea', 'festuca', 'emberizidae', 'sycamores', 'corylus', 'lemna', 'equisetaceae', 'coffee plants', 'lactobacillus', 'barringtonia', 'malvales', 'campephagidae', 'bostrichidae', 'cercocarpus', 'anthus', 'true fireweed', 'sheatfish', 'petauridae', 'sylvisorex', 'amphibamid'] | Apis dorsata laboriosa | Apis dorsata laboriosa, the Himalayan honey bee, is the world’s largest honey bee; single adults can measure up to 3.0 cm (1.2 in) in length. Before 1980, Apis dorsata laboriosa was considered to be a subspecies of the widespread Apis dorsata, the giant honey bee, but in 1980 and for almost 20 years thereafter it was elevated to the rank of a separate species. It is now classified once again as a subspecies of Apis dorsata (Engel, 1999). It is highly adapted to its highland habitat in behavior and there has evidently been little gene flow between it and lowland A. dorsata for millions of years; some consider this evidence that it should be classified as a species (Arias & Sheppard 2005). Limited to the Himalayas, it is the largest of the Apis species. So far it has only been identified in the mountainous regions of Bhutan, the Chinese province of Yunnan, India, and Nepal. It mostly nests at altitudes between 2,500 and 3,000 m (8,200 and 9,800 ft), building very large nests under overhangs on the south-western faces of vertical cliffs. One nest can contain as much as 60 kg (130 lb) of honey. The bees forage at altitudes of up to 4,100 m (13,500 ft). Due to its peculiar nesting behavior, the Himalayan honey bee is also referred to as the Himalayan cliff honey bee. The term "Himalayan honey bee" is sometimes used more informally, for any of the four varieties of honey bees that are found in the Himalayan region; Apis cerana, Apis florea, Apis dorsata and Apis dorsata laboriosa. There are three different types of Apis dorsata laboriosa honey: spring or red honey that is collected at higher altitudes, spring honey collected at mid and lower altitudes, and autumn honey from any site. Red honey has an intoxicating effect and various relaxing qualities that decrease over storage. It is not consumed locally as it is valuable, and honey hunters prefer to sell it at a high price. As hive bees are not kept at such high altitudes, Apis dorsata laboriosa is the only bee species to produce this honey. The wholesale price of the red honey is about five times the price of regular honey from Apis mellifera or Apis cerana and large amounts of it are exported from Nepal to Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. The red honey is prized for its purported medicinal value and intoxicating qualities which are attributed to the grayanotoxin present in the nectar collected from white rhododendrons (Rhododendron spp). The Gurung people in Nepal are renowned for their use of this mad honey, both for its medicinal and hallucinogenic properties. |
14 | parent taxon | Cordia myxa | sebesten | ['marigold', 'laurasiatheria', 'lungwort', 'marmota', 'carabidae', 'deschampsia', 'crocodylidae', 'calyptraeidae', 'ambystomatidae', 'tillandsioideae', 'bladderwort family', 'baurusuchidae', 'fulmarus', 'metriorhynchidae', 'echinopsis', 'laburnum', 'leafhopper', 'drosophila', 'goby', 'sebastes', 'green monkeys', 'jewelweed', 'bordetella', 'tapaculo', 'lion', 'hyphomicrobiaceae', 'rangifer', 'weasels', 'pecten', 'gobies', 'malarial parasite', 'parkinsonia', 'physalis', 'withy', 'crocodilia', 'cortinariaceae', 'sphenacodontidae', 'chrysomelidae', 'new world warbler', 'pill bugs', 'anura', 'clusiaceae', 'haliotidae', 'mycobacteria', 'haematopus', 'primate', 'galaxias', 'camponotus', 'hyracodontid', 'citrus fruit', 'longhorn beetle', 'purslane', 'liliales', 'eriogonum', 'archosauromorpha', 'lobster', 'darkling beetle', 'hapalemur', 'stipa', 'old world fruit bats', 'papaveraceae', 'bufonidae', 'hemlock', 'artocarpus', 'chinchilla', 'alligatorid', 'gadidae', 'acroporid', 'pheasant', 'burkholderia', 'cavy', 'teosinte', 'caprines', 'branta', 'squirrel monkey', 'volutidae', 'erythrina', 'reduviidae', 'caryophyllaceae', 'proboscid', 'cricetidae', 'phacopida', 'great apes', 'peromyscus', 'dromaeosaurids', 'auk', 'pusa', 'eurypterida', 'sophora', 'faboideae', 'turdidae', 'stegosaur', 'larus', 'amaranthaceae', 'rainbow trout', 'ananas', 'butterfly fish', 'soldierfish', 'gobioidei'] | Diasebesten | In pre-modern medicine, diasebesten (from sebesten, Arab. sabastān, from Persian sepestān, possibly from Persian sag-pestān سگپستان, literally "dog's teats"), is a soft, purgative electuary, containing sebesten, the plum-like fruit of the tree Cordia myxa, as one of its ingredients. The other ingredients are prunes, tamarinds, juices of iris, anguria, and mercurialis, penide, simple diaprunum (made of damask prunes), violet seed, the four cold seeds (melon, gourd, purslane, and quince), and diagrydium. It was said to be good in intermittent and continued fevers, appease thirst, promote sleep, and expel morbid humours through urine. |
14 | parent taxon | Bartlettia | cypsela | ['indigofera', 'gourd family', 'oplismenus', 'onobrychis', 'mackerel shark', 'papaveraceae', 'agrostis', 'goosefoot', 'potamogetonaceae', 'juglandaceae', 'malpighiales', 'maccullochella', 'rhus', 'temperate perch', 'dombeya', 'carnation', 'pelecanoides', 'camponotus', 'nyctalus', 'sea squirts', 'decapod', 'tortoise', 'walnut', 'connochaetes', 'mordellidae', 'loganiaceae', 'privet', 'ixodidae', 'creeping bent', 'true frog', 'atyid', 'ambrosia', 'honeysuckle', 'coleophoridae', 'hadrosaurs', 'airbreathing catfish', 'columba livia', 'rhinocryptidae', 'asparagaceae', 'colubrids', 'entelodont', 'onion', 'muehlenbeckia', 'pigweed', 'cockle', 'pandanus', 'sea sponges', 'cortinarius', 'nidovirales', 'monocotyledonous', 'sequoiadendron', 'flatworms', 'camel', 'boxwood', 'tadorna', 'mallow', 'sea turtles', 'mollusca', 'cepphus', 'weasel shark', 'callitrichidae', 'notoungulata', 'acanthus family', 'formicidae', 'mimidae', 'fulmarus', 'barbastella', 'ammophila', 'bluegrass subfamily', 'togaviridae', 'eurypterid', 'sapindales', 'aldrovanda', 'calliphoridae', 'caecilian', 'alismatales', 'asphodeloideae', 'fire ant', 'stingray', 'merluccid hake', 'pond turtle', 'locustella', 'symplocaceae', 'periodical cicadas', 'orthocerid', 'sea slug', 'megascops', 'cat', 'celtis', 'linum', 'barbarea', 'wolf spider', 'colletidae', 'trypanosoma', 'scytalopus', 'riodinidae', 'altingiaceae', 'ailanthus', 'cistaceae'] | Bartlettia | Bartlettia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. It contains the single species Bartlettia scaposa, known commonly as the Bartlett daisy. It is native to Mexico and to New Mexico and Texas in the United States. This species is an annual herb growing up to about 25 centimeters tall with upright stems branching at the base. Most leaves are near the bases of the stems. They have blades of various shapes, sometimes divided into three lobes, with serrated edges. The solitary flower head has 5 to 13 yellow ray florets and up to 90 yellow or purple-tinged disc florets. The fruit is a cypsela which may be over a centimeter long including its pappus of bristles. The plant grows on grasslands and playas. It flowers in summer and fall, especially after rain. |
14 | parent taxon | chestnut | Castanea | ['enterobacteriaceae', 'sagittaria', 'cottonwood', 'agaricaceae', 'apidae', 'agrostis', 'soft corals', 'tylopilus', 'skimmer', 'dendrobatidae', 'carpobrotus', 'plasmodium', 'new world monkeys', 'barberry family', 'hylomyscus', 'pelycosaurs', 'setophaga', 'felid', 'lycium', 'mazama', 'chank shell', 'broomrape family', 'petauridae', 'indigofera', 'stellaria', 'ostreidae', 'ophrys', 'typical fulvettas', 'hake', 'cervus canadensis', 'araneus', 'wild onion', 'felines', 'elm bark beetle', 'hornet', 'pipefish', 'penaeidae', 'pseudantechinus', 'massospondylids', 'echinoderms', 'calvatia', 'musteloidea', 'gooseberry', 'marine turtles', 'pink family', 'baobab', 'parvoviridae', 'dock', 'sutures', 'veratrum', 'mimid', 'anoles', 'cottoidea', 'ramphastidae', 'genista', 'salmonella', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'decapod', 'eudicots', 'lanius', 'leafhoppers', 'bushbabies', 'ananas', 'shield bugs', 'figwort', 'butterfly fish', 'berberidaceae', 'anthias', 'carcharhinidae', 'amaryllidaceae', 'tilia', 'squirrel monkey', 'aldrovanda', 'ophiocordycipitaceae', 'thyreophoran', 'polypodiales', 'felis', 'cacatua', 'firmicutes', 'firmicute', 'stonecrop', 'gourd family', 'compsognathid', 'daffodil', 'alcid', 'chamaecyparis', 'blechnum', 'protea', 'leucaena', 'cirsium', 'scolytus', 'melanoplus', 'sarothruridae', 'plesiosaur', 'betulaceae', 'chrysallidini', 'dog family', 'auriscalpiaceae', 'menispermaceae'] | Hydrolysable tannin | A hydrolyzable tannin or pyrogallol-type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, yields gallic or ellagic acids. At the center of a hydrolyzable tannin molecule, there is a carbohydrate (usually D-glucose but also cyclitols like quinic or shikimic acids). The hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate are partially or totally esterified with phenolic groups such as gallic acid in gallotannins or ellagic acid in ellagitannins. Hydrolysable tannins are mixtures of polygalloyl glucoses and/or poly-galloyl quinic acid derivatives containing in between 3 up to 12 gallic acid residues per molecule. Hydrolyzable tannins are hydrolyzed by weak acids or weak bases to produce carbohydrate and phenolic acids. Examples of gallotannins are the gallic acid esters of glucose in tannic acid (C76H52O46), found in the leaves and bark of many plant species. Hydrolysable tannins can be extracted from different vegetable plants, such as chestnut wood (Castanea sativa), oak wood (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea and Quercus alba), tara pods (Caesalpinia spinosa), gallnuts (Quercus infectoria and Rhus semialata), myrobalan (Terminalia chebula), sumac (Rhus coriaria) and Aleppo gallnuts (Andricus kollari). |
14 | parent taxon | Noctuidae | noctuoid moths | ['pleurotaceae', 'tulip tree', 'macrocystis', 'prickly ash', 'potamochoerus', 'theraphosidae', 'perisoreus', 'stereospondyl', 'salmonella', 'solenopsis', 'syagrus', 'trachelipodidae', 'anamorphic', 'fasciolariidae', 'hamamelidaceae', 'fagales', 'acipenser', 'archosaurs', 'sabiaceae', 'artiodactyla', 'artiodactyl', 'trichechus', 'lactobacillus', 'crocodylus', 'showy mistletoe', 'setophaga', 'asterid', 'gymnosperms', 'darkling beetle', 'chank', 'pheasant', 'corydalidae', 'larch', 'papilionaceae', 'ascomycete', 'australasian robin', 'megachile', 'boscia', 'echinoderms', 'dromaeosaurs', 'aotus', 'melanitta', 'canine', 'grass tree', 'captorinid', 'potentilla', 'virus', 'raccoon', 'armenoceratidae', 'silene', 'starfish', 'riodinidae', 'bark beetle', 'laeliinae', 'cortinariaceae', 'vulpes', 'peracarida', 'syrphidae', 'mycobacterium', 'fireflies', 'sundew', 'suillus', 'fairy shrimp', 'oplismenus', 'leopardus', 'plum', 'sea hares', 'acanthuridae', 'brassica napus', 'leptosporangiate ferns', 'bushbabies', 'pappus', 'cistaceae', 'motacillidae', 'sulidae', 'holly', 'cones', 'butterflyfish', 'camel', 'pseudechis', 'trypanosomes', 'lithocarpus', 'isopods', 'apalis', 'brachiopod', 'erebidae', 'carlina', 'walnut', 'dromaeosaur', 'ovenbirds', 'tuna', 'bumblebees', 'vaccinium', 'equids', 'bumblebee', 'damselfly', 'orchidaceae', 'coffee plant', 'quillworts'] | Catocalinae | The Catocalinae are a subfamily of noctuoid moths, placed in family Noctuidae.In the alternative arrangement, where the Noctuidae are reduced to the core group around the Noctuinae, the present lineage is abolished, the upranked Catocalini being merged with the Erebini and becoming a subfamily of the reestablished family Erebidae. Many of the species are large (7 to 10 cm, 3 to 4 inches) compared to other noctuids in temperate zones, and have brightly colored backwings. The closely related Ophiderinae and Calpinae are sometimes merged into this group. |
14 | parent taxon | Burramys | pygmy possum | ['cottonwood', 'arachnida', 'blenniidae', 'firmicute', 'bunyaviridae', 'pitviper', 'lontra', 'calochortus', 'sheoak', 'sarcopterygii', 'rhamnaceae', 'soft corals', 'clavulinaceae', 'beech tree', 'nesomyidae', 'parastacidae', 'murine', 'capsicum frutescens', 'clupeidae', 'lates perch', 'chevrotain', 'cutthroat trout', 'leptospermum', 'puma', 'formicid', 'sylviidae', 'cervus', 'anglewing', 'dicynodont', 'tegenaria', 'viburnum', 'scardinius', 'auk', 'nasturtium', 'actinistia', 'pelophylax', 'milo', 'spiny lobster', 'ciliate', 'choristodere', 'salicornia', 'filoviridae', 'fulmarus', 'annona', 'sea horse', 'sea anemone', 'pluvialis', 'goodeniaceae', 'corticiaceae', 'pterosaur', 'paralichthyidae', 'clostridium', 'podocarpaceae', 'boar', 'araneae', 'skipper butterflies', 'formicine', 'hepialidae', 'pedicularis', 'gadidae', 'molossidae', 'papaver', 'gekkonidae', 'prunus', 'prosauropods', 'myrtles', 'costaceae', 'rubiaceae', 'plantago', 'river shark', 'rail family', 'cyathea', 'mara', 'ophioglossales', 'latrodectus', 'pappus', 'cottidae', 'elaeis', 'nudibranch', 'berberis', 'alphacoronavirus', 'trionychidae', 'lupinus', 'zingiberaceae', 'pennisetum', 'asian elephant', 'motacilla', 'procyonidae', 'treeshrew', 'ferocactus', 'tephritid fruit flies', 'caryophyllales', 'curculionidae', 'celastraceae', 'alvarezsauridae', 'purslane', 'squash plants', 'shrub', 'pipridae'] | Burramys | Burramys is a genus of the family Burramyidae, and is represented by one living and 3 extinct (fossil) species. It is one of two genera of pygmy possum, the other being Cercartetus. |
14 | parent taxon | Echis | viper | ['perching bird', 'gruiformes', 'woodsorrel family', 'dombeya', 'tamaricaceae', 'monocot', 'whale', 'crane fly', 'gorse', 'skipper butterfly', 'grass family', 'cunoniaceae', 'pierid', 'sauropodomorph', 'feliforms', 'cerambycidae', 'laeliinae', 'rhus', 'captorinid', 'cartilaginous fish', 'ziziphus', 'pucciniales', 'urocyon', 'paper nautilus', 'abrocomidae', 'influenza a', 'protostomes', 'pinyon pine', 'velvet worm', 'dogfish sharks', 'balanidae', 'squaliform', 'alismatales', 'galium', 'pill bugs', 'quillworts', 'elapidae', 'helichrysum', 'sapindales', 'streptococci', 'tettigoniidae', 'camarasaurid', 'myliobatiformes', 'dryopteris', 'sequoiadendron', 'daisies', 'chank', 'cyprinids', 'meliaceae', 'metriorhynchid', 'australopithecus', 'aconite', 'carpinus', 'morning glory family', 'tyrannosaur', 'leuciscus', 'longhorn beetle', 'pedicularis', 'euplerid', 'alligatorid', 'sceloporus', 'lycoperdon', 'iguania', 'mongoose', 'vespertilioninae', 'parkia', 'gray mullet', 'pachycephalosaur', 'ichthyopterygia', 'streptococcus', 'weasel shark', 'blueberry', 'tegenaria', 'terror birds', 'holothuriidae', 'honey fungus', 'crown gall', 'estrildid finch', 'ensis', 'iridomyrmex', 'megabat', 'flying fox', 'nematodes', 'plantain', 'narcissus', 'velvet mite', 'verbascum', 'hypomyces', 'anagallis', 'pelophylax', 'musteloidea', 'grammomys', 'diomedea', 'hadrosaur', 'empetrum', 'south american ungulates', 'machairodontinae', 'gentiana', 'ranunculales'] | Echis pyramidum | Echis pyramidum is a species of venomous viper endemic to Northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. |
14 | parent taxon | Arctiidae | Erebidae | ['nautilid', 'pseudomys', 'peromyscus', 'dikarya', 'chironomidae', 'lactobacillus', 'bee orchid', 'picornaviridae', 'atyid', 'cannas', 'plasmodium', 'arripis', 'rhipiduridae', 'onager', 'gazella', 'strigidae', 'nesoenas', 'actinistia', 'nasturtiums', 'acanthus family', 'orangutan', 'geometridae', 'syzygium', 'lycium', 'agrostis', 'capsicum', 'creeping bent', 'lupinus', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'bignoniaceae', 'nesomyidae', 'ray floret', 'tillandsioideae', 'primates', 'asystasia', 'cercopithecidae', 'colubridae', 'ferula', 'delphinidae', 'noctuid', 'damselflies', 'sow thistle', 'deuterostomes', 'ribes', 'eriobotrya', 'perching bird', 'antheraea', 'procyonidae', 'cotoneaster', 'liquidambar', 'umbellifers', 'taxodium', 'dogfish', 'tilia', 'hammerhead shark', 'boletus', 'cinnamomum', 'phylloscopus', 'convolvulaceae', 'rush family', 'great ape', 'jackrabbits', 'gastropods', 'salmo', 'hieracium', 'blowfly', 'pepper tree', 'soft tick', 'crayfish', 'bufonids', 'wolves', 'proteobacteria', 'lates perch', 'theraphosidae', 'fowl', 'euryarchaeota', 'prickly pear', 'pit vipers', 'barberry family', 'barn owl', 'brassicas', 'troodontid', 'leucaena', 'tumbling flower beetle', 'maras', 'gentianella', 'hickories', 'snowberry', 'ratite', 'adders', 'oecophorid', 'giant mouse lemur', 'euarchonta', 'cephalopoda', 'bilaterally symmetrical', 'polystichum', 'picornavirus', 'psittaciformes', 'titanosauria'] | Eulepidotis alabastraria | Eulepidotis alabastraria is a moth of the Noctuidae family. The Noctuidae family of moths are mostly classified in the family Erebidae now, along with all of the former members of the families Arctiidae and Lymantriidae. This re-classification has not yet met with general consensus, and many resources and publications still follow the older classification scheme (e.g.) It is found from the southern part of the United States to Central America and South America. |
14 | parent taxon | Arnica | pappus | ['parrot', 'gooseberry', 'plethodontid', 'lagomorpha', 'rose family', 'lamiaceae', 'unionidae', 'paeonia', 'lewisia', 'populus', 'caryophyllaceae', 'panicum', 'melicope', 'wild cat', 'potyviridae', 'crabapple', 'animalia', 'periodical cicadas', 'vicia', 'pluteaceae', 'toadflax', 'wild grape', 'amphibian', 'pyrginae', 'struthio', 'pimpinella', 'freshwater sculpin', 'gymnosperms', 'ranunculaceae', 'sutures', 'molluscs', 'deuterostome', 'hominidae', 'brassica rapa', 'common garden snail', 'scarabaeid', 'swallowtail butterflies', 'lycopodiaceae', 'polygala', 'showy mistletoe', 'pan', 'branchinectidae', 'celastraceae', 'ophrys', 'tunicates', 'grass family', 'argonauta', 'clavulinaceae', 'hippopotamus', 'screwpine', 'ericameria', 'coregonus', 'birch family', 'caprines', 'swallowtail butterfly', 'cactus pear', 'slipper orchid', 'lestidae', 'whiting', 'bufo', 'setophaga', 'emberiza', 'ragwort', 'cupressus', 'artocarpus', 'chaetodon', 'ensis', 'psittaciformes', 'nautilid', 'asphodeloideae', 'true bugs', 'falcon', 'dasylirion', 'buttercup family', 'noctuid', 'xiphophorus', 'froglet', 'tobacco', 'orthoceroid', 'chrysomelidae', 'carnivoran', 'laniarius', 'plantaginaceae', 'pachycephalosauria', 'sambucus', 'cytisus', 'himantopus', 'xenopus', 'droseraceae', 'acrocephalus', 'compsognathid', 'skimmer', 'haliplidae', 'dytiscidae', 'ammonite', 'groundsel tribe', 'macadamia nut', 'paridae', 'poaceae'] | Arnica | Arnica /ˈɑːrnᵻkə/ is a genus of perennial, herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The genus name Arnica may be derived from the Greek arni, "lamb", in reference to the soft, hairy leaves. This circumboreal and montane (subalpine) genus occurs mostly in the temperate regions of western North America, with a few species native to the Arctic regions of northern Eurasia and North America. Arnica used to be included in the tribe Senecioneae because it has a flower or pappus of fine bristles. This was soon questioned and Nordenstam (1977) placed it tentatively in tribe Heliantheae s.l.[citation needed]This arrangement also became uncertain because of the sesquiterpene lactone chemistry in certain species. Recently Arnica was placed in an unresolved clade together with Madiinae, Eupatorieae, Heliantheae s.s. and Pectidinae.[citation needed] Several species, such as Arnica montana and A. chamissonis, contain helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone that is a major ingredient in anti-inflammatory preparations (used mostly for bruises). Arnica species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix arnicella. Arnica is also known by the names Mountain Tobacco and, somewhat confusingly, Leopard's bane and Wolfsbane—two names that it shares with the entirely unrelated genus Aconitum. |
14 | parent taxon | honeyberry | Celtis | ['teucrium', 'canids', 'gentian', 'combtooth blennies', 'influenza a virus', 'laniarius', 'eleocharis', 'mantidae', 'symphoricarpos', 'lyophyllaceae', 'knotweed family', 'silesaurid', 'bearded dragon', 'mazama', 'hawkweed', 'jonquil', 'camellia', 'spurge', 'eucalyptus', 'hylaeamys', 'phalacrocorax', 'orthoptera', 'lestidae', 'ray florets', 'artiodactyla', 'rhabdoviridae', 'asian elephant', 'gallus', 'lobelia', 'true bug', 'sambucus', 'linden tree', 'delphinidae', 'passifloraceae', 'mason bee', 'anthozoa', 'buckwheat family', 'hymenopodidae', 'magnolia', 'lates', 'phlox family', 'trypanosomes', 'phytosaur', 'wolfsbane', 'boscia', 'liliales', 'scarabaeoidea', 'saguinus', 'elephas maximus', 'echidnas', 'dianthus', 'penicillium', 'marmota', 'lactobacilli', 'nyssa', 'clupeidae', 'requiem shark', 'pelycosaur', 'snappers', 'capsicums', 'filoviridae', 'papilionidae', 'leafhopper', 'fireflies', 'arum lily', 'hammerhead shark', 'pipefish', 'cacti', 'equids', 'fig tree', 'deuterostome', 'zingiber', 'paperbark', 'anogeissus', 'pine tree', 'withy', 'catfish', 'citrus family', 'neomys', 'cyprinids', 'quoll', 'puffinus', 'fescue', 'chordata', 'chironomid midges', 'isopoda', 'coturnix', 'scarabaeidae', 'sus', 'accipiter', 'foxglove plant', 'falco', 'pupfish', 'maccullochella', 'glyphis', 'diving petrel', 'meliphagidae', 'lambeosaurine', 'geminiviruses'] | Celtis australis | Celtis australis, commonly known as the European nettle tree, Mediterranean hackberry, lote tree, or honeyberry, is a deciduous tree native to southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor. The tree was introduced to England in 1796. |
14 | parent taxon | wintergreen | Gaultheria | ['true owl', 'panthera leo', 'brachiosaurid', 'spotted deer', 'amaranth family', 'sporophila', 'calceolariaceae', 'kauri', 'agavoideae', 'geraniaceae', 'true weevil', 'nesomyidae', 'pickleweed', 'locustella', 'elephas maximus', 'cinnamomum', 'cotton plant', 'leguminous', 'procyonids', 'phasianidae', 'paeoniaceae', 'megapodagrionidae', 'anamorphic', 'staphylinidae', 'mucuna', 'reoviridae', 'calochortus', 'pezizales', 'fasciolariidae', 'thalasseus', 'dromaeosaurs', 'anogeissus', 'melanthiaceae', 'crataegus', 'barbastella', 'spurge', 'passiflora', 'nightshade', 'arecaceae', 'howler monkey', 'archosaurs', 'butterflies', 'coffee plant', 'psittaciformes', 'arenga', 'areca', 'asparagus family', 'arachnids', 'pittosporaceae', 'carangid', 'goosefoot', 'spurge family', 'fagales', 'copepod', 'alchornea', 'antheraea', 'wood warbler', 'tortoise', 'salmon', 'saxifrages', 'fungal', 'fagus', 'schistosomatidae', 'antbird', 'helianthus', 'pit viper', 'cantharellus', 'gazelle', 'antwren', 'sea stars', 'oryx', 'carnivore', 'phellinus', 'lepus', 'purshia', 'buddleja', 'animalia', 'lactarius', 'feliformia', 'heterokontophyta', 'pollock', 'gruiformes', 'solanaceae', 'orcaella', 'saimiri', 'alligator', 'snapdragon', 'carrot family', 'trypanosomes', 'notropis', 'fringillidae', 'schisandraceae', 'pear', 'gooseberry family', 'pygmy possum', 'dipteran', 'tyrannosaur', 'green monkeys', 'borassus'] | Gaylussacia frondosa | Gaylussacia frondosa is a species of flowering plant in the heath family known by the common names dangleberry and blue huckleberry. It is native to the eastern United States, where it occurs from New Hampshire to South Carolina. This shrub grows up to two meters (80 inches) tall. The plant spreads via rhizome, sprouting up new stems to form colonies. The leaves are up to 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) long by 3 cm (1.2 inches) wide. They are hairy and glandular. The inflorescence contains 1 to 4 flowers that hang on pedicels up to 2 centimeters (0.8 inch) long. The flower is bell-shaped and greenish white. The fruit is a juicy, sweet-tasting drupe which is usually blue but may be black or white. This plant grows on the Atlantic coastal plain. It grows in wooded areas and next to bogs and swamps. It is common in the pine barrens of New Jersey. It grows on acidic soils low in nutrients. It grows with other related plants such as highbush cranberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), hillside blueberry (V. pallidum), Lyonia spp., sheep-laurel (Kalmia angustifolia), wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), dwarf huckleberry (Gaylussacia dumosa), and black huckleberry (G. baccata). Many animals eat the berries and disperse the seeds. |
14 | parent taxon | chestnut weaver | Ploceus | ['ammonoid', 'arum', 'ground beetle', 'guava', 'panther', 'zygophyllaceae', 'lynx', 'cervus elaphus', 'sweat bee', 'buxus', 'bug', 'ergot', 'araneus', 'santalaceae', 'bergamot', 'chaetodontidae', 'eriobotrya', 'gentiana', 'portulacaceae', 'sorbus', 'perching bird', 'arachnida', 'trichocomaceae', 'schistosomatidae', 'gentianella', 'bearded dragon', 'araneae', 'baurusuchid', 'dytiscidae', 'phalanger', 'plate coral', 'mononegavirales', 'solenodon', 'perch', 'trypanosomes', 'carduelis', 'leporid', 'potentilla', 'alytidae', 'suture', 'poison dart frog', 'fruit', 'haematopus', 'capsicum', 'alcelaphus', 'tylopilus', 'pomacanthus', 'cyprinodontiformes', 'calochortus', 'neoptera', 'cyperus', 'pachycephalosaurs', 'poison hemlock', 'orcaella', 'marasmiaceae', 'barbarea', 'bison', 'carpobrotus', 'crocodylidae', 'pachycephalosaurids', 'promastigote', 'oplismenus', 'sternoptychidae', 'muricidae', 'felid', 'sternorrhyncha', 'connochaetes', 'meadow rue', 'alcids', 'lates', 'monticola', 'vespid', 'berberis', 'actaea', 'pteropods', 'cucumis', 'marantaceae', 'microcebus', 'langur', 'periodical cicada', 'nectomys', 'conopidae', 'pink family', 'annona', 'ratite', 'orthoceroid', 'ferocactus', 'ichthyosaur', 'irises', 'tephritid fruit fly', 'petrogale', 'asparagus family', 'tunicata', 'papaver', 'sciurus', 'sedge', 'ecdysozoa', 'skimmer', 'opisthobranch'] | Chestnut weaver | The chestnut weaver (Ploceus rubiginosus) is a species of bird in the Ploceidae family.It is found in Angola, Botswana, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. |
14 | parent taxon | Lambeosaurinae | Hadrosaurinae | ['glareolidae', 'guinea pig', 'tricholoma', 'hermit crab', 'bradypterus', 'rhino', 'putranjivaceae', 'crape myrtle', 'polypodium', 'sycamores', 'icteridae', 'viperidae', 'beech tree', 'bovidae', 'vespid', 'acanthuridae', 'homoptera', 'polygonum', 'pleurodira', 'pteridaceae', 'staphylinidae', 'knifefish', 'boar', 'natricine', 'lambeosaurine', 'argasid', 'orb weaver', 'monocotyledonous', 'water hemlock', 'ixodidae', 'verbascum', 'characiformes', 'hipposideros', 'australasian robin', 'nudibranch', 'elaeagnus', 'cepphus', 'monkshood', 'libellulidae', 'borophaginae', 'squirrel monkey', 'lebiasinidae', 'pusa', 'sophora', 'annelid', 'trichomycteridae', 'polistes', 'menispermaceae', 'sea hares', 'pycnonotidae', 'plantaginaceae', 'padauk', 'inocybaceae', 'chaetodontidae', 'emydidae', 'lemna', 'chenopodium', 'vachellia', 'lanius', 'norovirus', 'austrobaileyales', 'cucurbits', 'cisticola', 'grass rush', 'stegosaurid', 'poecilia', 'sarcopterygii', 'pistacia', 'struthio', 'chordopoxvirinae', 'saxifragaceae', 'knotweed', 'shigella', 'acanthaceae', 'combtooth blennies', 'sylvia', 'picornavirales', 'vicia', 'sheoak', 'asparagaceae', 'juniper', 'convolvulaceae', 'flat worm', 'fir', 'true fly', 'artocarpus', 'cnidarians', 'archosaurs', 'actinidiaceae', 'lentibulariaceae', 'eriophorum', 'pseudomonas', 'asimina', 'symphytum', 'sloth', 'feliforms', 'multituberculata', 'cactus', 'parus'] | Saurolophinae | Saurolophinae is a subfamily of hadrosaurid dinosaurs. It has since the mid-20th century generally been called the Hadrosaurinae, a group of largely non-crested hadrosaurs related to the crested sub-family Lambeosaurinae. However, the name Hadrosaurinae is based on the genus Hadrosaurus which was found in more recent studies to be more primitive than either lambeosaurines or other traditional "hadrosaurines", like Edmontosaurus and Saurolophus. As a result of this, the name Hadrosaurinae was dropped or restricted to Hadrosaurus alone, and the subfamily comprising the traditional "hadrosaurines" was renamed the Saurolophinae. Recent phylogenetic work by Hai Xing indicates that Hadrosaurus is placed within the monophyletic group containing all non-lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. Therefore, the traditional Hadrosaurinae should be treated as before: Hadrosauridae is divided into two clades: Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae. Saurolophinae was first defined as a clade in a 2010 phylogenetic analysis by Prieto-Márquez. Traditionally, the "crestless" branch of the family Hadrosauridae had been named Hadrosaurinae. However, the use of the term Hadrosaurinae was questioned in a comprehensive study of hadrosaurid relationships by Albert Prieto-Márquez in 2010. Prieto-Márquez noted that, though the name Hadrosaurinae had been used for the clade of mostly crestless hadrosaurids by nearly all previous studies, its type species, Hadrosaurus foulkii, has almost always been excluded from the clade that bears its name, in violation of the rules for naming animals set out by the ICZN. Prieto-Márquez (2010) defined Hadrosaurinae as only the lineage containing H. foulkii, and used the name Saurolophinae instead for the traditional grouping. The cladogram below follows Godefroit et al. (2012) analysis. The following cladogram was recovered in the 2013 phylogenetic analysis by Prieto-Márquez (the relationships within Lambeosaurinae and between basal hadrosauroids aren't shown). |
14 | parent taxon | Merulinidae | stony coral | ['fringillidae', 'rhamnaceae', 'tricholomataceae', 'moraceae', 'spiraea', 'columbine', 'ornithomimidae', 'virion', 'clidemia', 'grass family', 'hemerocallidoideae', 'lestidae', 'arum family', 'creeping bent', 'cladonia', 'scrophulariaceae', 'sauropodomorphs', 'rosebay rhododendron', 'deer flies', 'gilled mushroom', 'solenopsis', 'eupatorieae', 'digitalis', 'gilled fungus', 'pan', 'haliplidae', 'heterodera', 'influenza a virus', 'testudinidae', 'trout', 'araceae', 'sonchus', 'sheoak', 'citrus fruit', 'lampyridae', 'larix', 'rail family', 'ambystoma', 'oecophorid', 'schizochroal eyes', 'wattle', 'reduviidae', 'red', 'hygrophoraceae', 'poplars', 'coprinus', 'orcaella', 'mammal', 'clubmoss family', 'schistosomatidae', 'thunnini', 'agrostis', 'cotoneaster', 'stinkhorn', 'larch', 'canna', 'trumpet vine', 'annonaceae', 'cobra', 'mountain mahogany', 'felinae', 'firmicutes', 'tricholoma', 'bridelia', 'lacewing', 'amaranthaceae', 'colubridae', 'dayflower family', 'lotus', 'chamaecyparis', 'buxaceae', 'swallowtail butterflies', 'leporidae', 'squash family', 'kogia', 'flatworm', 'hemiptera', 'wolfsbane', 'pelecanoides', 'tetraogallus', 'holothuriidae', 'true weevils', 'cranesbill', 'leptosporangiate ferns', 'campanula', 'papilionaceae', 'otter', 'cervus', 'gmelina', 'glabella', 'mosasaurs', 'pinyon pine', 'spindle', 'inocybaceae', 'plate coral', 'multituberculata', 'meliaceae', 'picidae', 'borsoniidae'] | Dipsastraea speciosa | Dipsastraea speciosa is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Merulinidae. It is found in tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans. |
14 | parent taxon | Tyrannus | Tyrannidae | ['cartilaginous fish', 'paraponera', 'stegosauria', 'knifefish', 'mango', 'presbytis', 'seed plants', 'commelina', 'tegenaria', 'danionin', 'sciurini', 'odostomiidae', 'placental mammals', 'erinaceidae', 'afzelia', 'orthomyxoviruses', 'pseudantechinus', 'cyprinodontidae', 'cheilanthoideae', 'euphorbia', 'pseudomonas', 'mantid', 'chamaecyparis', 'megapodagrionidae', 'pan', 'typical fulvettas', 'trypanosome', 'freshwater sculpin', 'american black bear', 'cucumis', 'eumops', 'bony fish', 'saltbrush', 'protist', 'citrus fruit', 'solanaceae', 'uncaria', 'sceloporus occidentalis', 'cladonia', 'apis', 'cat', 'loranthaceae', 'neoplagiaulacidae', 'chrysomelidae', 'lithocarpus', 'fir', 'nesomyidae', 'dromaeosaur', 'bushshrike', 'pycnonotidae', 'mistletoe', 'lespedeza', 'snakehead', 'mycobacteria', 'anacardiaceae', 'celtis', 'herpesvirales', 'mustela', 'coelodonta', 'triticeae', 'glabella', 'periodical cicadas', 'trichomycteridae', 'juniperus', 'pleurodira', 'legume', 'pterosauria', 'monticola', 'narra', 'lepomis', 'lythraceae', 'blueberry', 'loxodonta', 'murraya', 'ammophila', 'cetacea', 'felid', 'krait', 'beloniformes', 'pachycephalosaurids', 'whale', 'goodeniaceae', 'lauraceae', 'mimidae', 'rabbitfish', 'chinchilla rat', 'hadrosauridae', 'hipposideridae', 'proboscid', 'heterodontosaurids', 'carcharhiniformes', 'gelechioid', 'perisoreus', 'bark', 'elapidae', 'reoviridae', 'pelea', 'ceratitida', 'streptococcus'] | Loggerhead kingbird | The loggerhead kingbird (Tyrannus caudifasciatus) is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in the Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and, very rarely, in the United States. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. This large kingbird measures 23 cm (9.1 in) long. It is dark grey above and white below. The head is black while the throat and cheeks are white. Like many kingbird species, the loggerhead possesses an orange or yellow crown patch, but it is well concealed and rarely visible in the field. The tail is squared and ends with a buffy-white band. It feeds on flying insects, small fruit and berries, and small lizards. |
14 | parent taxon | Stygimoloch | pachycephalosaur | ['cheilanthoideae', 'thrushes', 'true flies', 'catalpa', 'carex', 'lamium', 'anacardiaceae', 'sporophila', 'penaeidae', 'cypraeidae', 'lestidae', 'snowdrop', 'verbascum', 'elephantidae', 'turbinellidae', 'lemna', 'dytiscidae', 'sceloporus occidentalis', 'froglet', 'cannabaceae', 'blueberry', 'bird', 'scolytus', 'cottoidea', 'equid', 'wisteria', 'tortoise', 'groundsel tribe', 'peony', 'ash tree', 'liliopsida', 'bufo', 'fish lice', 'aphis', 'styracaceae', 'caprifoliaceae', 'sagittaria', 'jewelweed', 'perch family', 'wild ass', 'galaxias', 'rhytididae', 'bumblebees', 'antirrhinum', 'dromaeosaurs', 'typhaceae', 'dermaptera', 'bilaterally symmetrical', 'ichthyopterygia', 'physalacriaceae', 'aerodramus', 'arthropod', 'bovidae', 'zingiber', 'poppy', 'damaliscus', 'agouti', 'artiodactyla', 'thymelaeaceae', 'coprinus', 'opisthobranch', 'osmia', 'salticidae', 'anthias', 'malvales', 'schizochroal eyes', 'combtooth blennies', 'rattus', 'howler monkey', 'cynodont', 'baryonychine', 'ergot', 'rove beetle', 'arum lily', 'castanea', 'junonia', 'phyllaries', 'cyclobalanopsis', 'barbastella', 'phyllanthaceae', 'lambeosaurine', 'wood warbler', 'arvicola', 'poa', 'bradyrhizobiaceae', 'randia', 'tilia', 'plate coral', 'fairy longhorn moth', 'noctuid', 'lactobacilli', 'ragwort', 'formica', 'dolomedes', 'morning glory family', 'hippopotamus', 'sphaeralcea', 'myliobatidae', 'hominin'] | Dracorex | Dracorex is a dinosaur genus of the family Pachycephalosauridae, from the Late Cretaceous of North America. The type (and only known) species is Dracorex hogwartsia, meaning "dragon king of Hogwarts". It is known from one nearly complete skull (the holotype TCMI 2004.17.1), as well as four cervical vertebrae: the atlas, third, eighth and ninth. These were discovered in the Hell Creek Formation in South Dakota by three amateur paleontologists from Sioux City, Iowa. The skull was subsequently donated to the Children's Museum of Indianapolis for study in 2004, and was formally described by Bob Bakker and Robert Sullivan in 2006. However, Jack Horner et al. suspect that it is a juvenile Pachycephalosaurus and an analysis of pachycephalosaur fossils by a joint team from the University of California, Berkeley and the Museum of the Rockies has questioned the validity of two named genera of pachycephalosaur, Dracorex and Stygimoloch. According to the team, specimens of Dracorex and Stygimoloch might actually represent earlier growth stages of Pachycephalosaurus. As this article on the UC Berkeley website says, "The confusion is traced to their bizarre head ornaments, ranging from shields and domes to horns and spikes, which changed dramatically with age and sexual maturity, making the heads of youngsters look very different from those of adults." |
14 | parent taxon | Atlantic salmon | Salmo | ['leporidae', 'buffalo', 'glareolidae', 'grape family', 'camel', 'molluscs', 'flat worm', 'snakefly', 'acanthaceae', 'crustacean', 'elaeocarpaceae', 'micropterus', 'wild grape', 'plateosaurid', 'sauropod', 'scarab', 'turritellidae', 'true flies', 'old world monkey', 'symphoricarpos', 'parulidae', 'motacillidae', 'sus scrofa', 'orconectes', 'corydalidae', 'leporid', 'rockrose', 'cardiidae', 'shorea', 'argonauta', 'lates perch', 'anoles', 'australopithecine', 'rumex', 'wattle', 'symplocaceae', 'fairywren', 'true weevils', 'pipefish', 'legumes', 'leafcutter bee', 'diprotodontidae', 'carcharhinus', 'blechnum', 'pluteaceae', 'eriophorum', 'chimpanzee', 'aphis', 'crocodylidae', 'haemodoraceae', 'omphalotus', 'liliales', 'origanum', 'toad', 'cucurbitaceae', 'flowering rush', 'archegosauridae', 'latrodectus', 'herpestes', 'macraucheniidae', 'sea stars', 'convolvulus', 'asterales', 'blowfly', 'prosauropod', 'imperata', 'primula', 'citrus fruit', 'geranium', 'actitis', 'paradisaeidae', 'hylaeamys', 'sceloporus', 'cottidae', 'rhinichthys', 'rubus', 'turdidae', 'orchid', 'cartilaginous fishes', 'pseudochirulus', 'orthomyxoviruses', 'falcon', 'cyprinid', 'tortrix moth', 'trumpet vine', 'tupaiidae', 'lycaenidae', 'macadamia nut', 'conoidea', 'boraginaceae', 'euarchonta', 'cisticola', 'sundew', 'boletales', 'poppies', 'iridomyrmex', 'bear', 'ground beetle', 'lambeosaurine'] | Salmonidae | Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings, which collectively are known as the salmonids. The Atlantic salmon and trout of the genus Salmo give the family and order their names. Salmonids have a relatively primitive appearance among the teleost fish, with the pelvic fins being placed far back, and an adipose fin towards the rear of the back. They are slender fish, with rounded scales and forked tails. Their mouths contain a single row of sharp teeth. Although the smallest species is just 13 cm (5.1 in) long as an adult, most are much larger, with the largest reaching 2 m (6.6 ft). All salmonids spawn in fresh water, but in many cases, the fish spend most of their lives at sea, returning to the rivers only to reproduce. This lifecycle is described as anadromous. They are predators, feeding on small crustaceans, aquatic insects, and smaller fish. |
14 | parent taxon | plum | Prunus | ['gelechioidea', 'rust fungus', 'bufonidae', 'hamamelidaceae', 'sabiaceae', 'artiodactyls', 'squaliform', 'lycoperdon', 'lamiales', 'lomandra', 'cervus canadensis', 'poxviridae', 'columba livia', 'geometer moths', 'gallirallus', 'blenniidae', 'asparagaceae', 'formicine ants', 'butterwort', 'picornavirales', 'achillea', 'apidae', 'citrus family', 'clostridium', 'zygaena', 'parulidae', 'ichthyosaur', 'mackerel shark', 'hordeum', 'gourd family', 'gamebird', 'salvelinus', 'colubridae', 'gomphaceae', 'cephalon', 'jasmine', 'tamarix', 'amaranth', 'citrus', 'calafate', 'foxglove', 'alchornea', 'fasciolariidae', 'true grass family', 'mamenchisaurid', 'myrtles', 'protoceratopsid', 'knifefish', 'archosauromorpha', 'dabbling duck', 'gastropod', 'wild onion', 'leafhoppers', 'waterfowl', 'lythraceae', 'wattle', 'huperzia', 'lagenaria', 'ramalinaceae', 'atropa', 'chironomid midges', 'ammonoids', 'haemodoraceae', 'gramineae', 'aroid', 'borsoniidae', 'cyprinus', 'pieridae', 'tricholomataceae', 'convolvulus', 'yam family', 'velvet worms', 'howler monkey', 'caecilian', 'osmunda', 'muridae', 'cyathea', 'blackbird', 'caudovirales', 'orthoceroid', 'borophaginae', 'cantharellus', 'digitalis', 'narcissus', 'icterid', 'sapindales', 'solenodon', 'dogfish', 'orbweaver', 'ascomycetes', 'theropod', 'machairodont', 'aconite', 'arnica', 'cactus', 'alosa', 'ageratina', 'typhlopidae', 'balanidae'] | Drupe | In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. These fruits usually develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries (polypyrenous drupes are exceptions). The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, "lignified" stone (or pit) is derived from the ovary wall of the flower—in an aggregate fruit composed of small, individual drupes (such as a raspberry), each individual is termed a drupelet and may together form a botanic berry. Other fleshy fruits may have a stony enclosure that comes from the seed coat surrounding the seed, but such fruits are not drupes. Some flowering plants that produce drupes are coffee, jujube, mango, olive, most palms (including date, sabal, coconut and oil palms), pistachio, white sapote, and all members of the genus Prunus, including the almond (in which the mesocarp is somewhat leathery), apricot, cherry, damson, nectarine, peach, and plum. The term drupaceous is applied to a fruit which has the structure and texture of a drupe, but which does not precisely fit the definition of a drupe. |
14 | parent taxon | Alburnus | Cyprinidae | ['hypericum', 'annelid', 'panthera leo', 'canis', 'sordariomycetes', 'ginkgoaceae', 'true owl', 'snowdrops', 'loxodonta', 'blowfly', 'thymelaeaceae', 'gruiformes', 'zingiber', 'odonates', 'baobabs', 'pecan weevil', 'persea', 'drosophila', 'true flies', 'ground beetle', 'robust australopithecines', 'rhododendron', 'anthus', 'captorhinid', 'cyprinodontiformes', 'strigidae', 'ghost pipefish', 'falco', 'bromeliads', 'fescue', 'euglossine', 'pachycephalosaurid', 'saskatoon', 'sus scrofa', 'petroica', 'caprifig', 'artiodactyl', 'groundsel tribe', 'flatworm', 'pooideae', 'zosteropidae', 'hadrosaurinae', 'bacillus', 'ranidae', 'polygonaceae', 'pieridae', 'pupfish', 'silene', 'daisy family', 'cyperaceae', 'orobanchaceae', 'lentivirus', 'blechnum', 'blueberry', 'pipefish', 'skink', 'eudendriidae', 'peracarida', 'cat shark', 'actinidiaceae', 'bottlenose', 'onagraceae', 'triatominae', 'trahiras', 'lyophyllaceae', 'parastacidae', 'ibex', 'porcellionidae', 'barnacles', 'mackerel shark', 'proboscid', 'pygidium', 'poa', 'tetraogallus', 'lophiiform', 'xanthorrhoea', 'archosauromorpha', 'euonymus', 'silesaurids', 'pachliopta', 'calycanthaceae', 'moth', 'suina', 'dogbane family', 'swamp cypress', 'wild cat', 'saltbush', 'megascops', 'ergot', 'oncorhynchus mykiss', 'ulidiidae', 'casuarinaceae', 'guava', 'pterocarpus', 'primrose', 'acanthuridae', 'canavalia', 'ursidae', 'nymphaeales'] | Alburnus caeruleus | The black spotted bleak (Alburnus caeruleus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the carp family, Cyprinidae. It is found in the Queiq River drainage and the Tigris–Euphrates river system in Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. |
14 | parent taxon | Dolichopodidae | Diptera | ['cumbungi', 'spinosaurid', 'umbellifers', 'mitosporic fungi', 'irises', 'bearded dragon', 'carduelis', 'stonecrop', 'airbreathing catfish', 'antwren', 'pelagornithidae', 'xiphosura', 'pluteaceae', 'ostreidae', 'mollusca', 'willowherb', 'pyralidae', 'bignoniaceae', 'machairodontinae', 'crocidura', 'ulmus', 'perch family', 'marsupial', 'mollies', 'tetraodontiformes', 'dianthus', 'cetaceans', 'calla lily', 'oryzomys', 'tumbling flower beetle', 'tilia', 'snowdrop', 'alpheidae', 'angelfishes', 'psilotales', 'iris', 'rhododendrons', 'bee orchid', 'pelargonium', 'boidae', 'hyracodontid', 'alligatoridae', 'pachycephala', 'porifera', 'suillaceae', 'bullheads', 'hypericum', 'chrysobalanaceae', 'proteaceae', 'brant', 'patagioenas', 'swallow family', 'regulus', 'coturnix', 'baurusuchidae', 'trumpet vine', 'primulaceae', 'ononis', 'ictiobus', 'ascomycetous fungi', 'malva', 'artocarpus', 'greenbrier', 'pterophoridae', 'carya', 'ground shark', 'leafcutter bee', 'cortinariaceae', 'agathis', 'enallagma', 'cyperaceae', 'passion flower', 'ranellidae', 'hummingbird', 'nematodes', 'mononegavirales', 'massospondylid', 'lacewings', 'dandelion tribe', 'hornbeam', 'gadus', 'sonchus', 'megachilidae', 'carp', 'guenon', 'colchicum', 'ammonite', 'opisthobranchia', 'mysid', 'phaseolus', 'lewisia', 'rove beetle', 'sicista', 'dermestidae', 'praenuculidae', 'proteales', 'heathers', 'katydid', 'monocot'] | Hermann Friedrich Stannius | Hermann Friedrich Stannius ( March 15, 1808, Hamburg - January 15, 1883, Sachsenberg near Schwerin) was a German anatomist, physiologist and entomologist. He specialised in the insect order Diptera especially the family Dolichopodidae. |
14 | parent taxon | Prolecanitida | sutures | ['orycteropus', 'tadorna', 'pacific salmon', 'panthera tigris', 'capuchin monkey', 'brown bear', 'sicista', 'branta', 'rhinoceros', 'garryaceae', 'cassia', 'lamium', 'sunflower tribe', 'cat', 'tilapiine', 'trichechus', 'fabales', 'boletaceae', 'artiodactyla', 'thrushes', 'syzygium', 'arachnida', 'epidendroideae', 'anthias', 'ascomycete', 'sainfoin', 'true frog', 'sus', 'typical warbler', 'fruit bat', 'volutidae', 'shield bug', 'formicidae', 'penicillium', 'nightshade', 'cerradomys', 'prosauropod', 'mason bee', 'odonates', 'cypriniformes', 'american black bear', 'amaranthaceae', 'potamochoerus', 'umbelliferae', 'macrocystis', 'nudibranch', 'capparaceae', 'liquidambar', 'multituberculates', 'comamonadaceae', 'lutjanus', 'norovirus', 'passion flower', 'cobitidae', 'rust fungi', 'gramineae', 'euphorbia', 'earwig', 'taraxacum', 'onion', 'stinkhorn', 'bradyrhizobiaceae', 'pseudochirulus', 'rosaceae', 'elephas', 'sophora', 'cantharellus', 'scarabaeidae', 'plesiosaur', 'ericaceae', 'new world quail', 'bradypterus', 'semnopithecus', 'hadrosaurinae', 'blennies', 'vermetidae', 'pomacentridae', 'virion', 'glaucomys', 'velvet worms', 'orchid bee', 'poa', 'ascomycetes', 'monkshood', 'cecropis', 'rubus', 'eel', 'eryngium', 'sauropterygia', 'marasmiaceae', 'prosauropods', 'eubalaena', 'bartonella', 'canids', 'indriid', 'bufo', 'ichneumonidae', 'rush family', 'snakefly'] | Medlicottiinae | The Medlicottiinae a subfamily of the Medlicottiidae, a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the Prolecanitida, characterized by having discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with a retuse (grooved) venter and sutures with bifid auxiliary lobes. The Medlicottiinae includes, by general consensus the following five genera: Artinskia, Eumedlicottia, Medlicottia, Neogeoceras, and Syrdenites. Of these only Artinskia and Medlicottia, included in the Medlicottinae in the Treatise (Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957) remain. Episageceras, Propinacoceras, and Sicanites, then included, have become type genera respectively for the Episageceratinae, Propinacoceratinae, and Sicanitinae. Artinskia is the ancestral form, thought to be derived from Uddenoceras (Uddenitinae), which gave rise to the type genus Medlicottiia. Medilicottia then gave rise to Eumedlicottia and Neogeoceras. The derivation of Syrdenites is uncertain. |
14 | parent taxon | Chrysallidinae | Odostomiidae | ['porcellionidae', 'arecaceae', 'iguana', 'ensis', 'gruiformes', 'cepphus', 'castor', 'bignoniaceae', 'ambrosia', 'hadrosauridae', 'decapoda', 'tylopilus', 'bilateria', 'herpestidae', 'metasequoia', 'polypodium', 'theridiidae', 'salmo', 'heterodera', 'hominidae', 'fagales', 'peony', 'meadowsweet', 'poa', 'foraminifera', 'trachylepis', 'tyto', 'dogbane family', 'discosorids', 'monticola', 'dipterocarp', 'jackrabbits', 'juniperus', 'tenpounder', 'icterid', 'cutthroat trout', 'crassulaceae', 'bombus', 'lycosidae', 'accipiter', 'myrmecia', 'gymnadenia', 'genista', 'spider', 'thyreophoran', 'sparrow', 'scaphopod', 'cannabis', 'hickory nuts', 'bindweed', 'sheet weaver', 'sicista', 'arcidae', 'phacopid', 'cnidarians', 'blechnaceae', 'rabbit', 'gooseberry', 'physalis', 'buckthorn family', 'geminiviruses', 'paperbark', 'rainbow trout', 'nyctalus', 'goodeniaceae', 'snout moth', 'topminnow', 'squash plants', 'arvicola', 'dioscorea', 'mollusc', 'pikes', 'pluvialis', 'phacopidae', 'alismatales', 'neomys', 'jumping spider', 'wild boar', 'calophyllum', 'ammonite', 'crape myrtle', 'canis', 'crocodilia', 'ennomos', 'myrica', 'elateridae', 'maras', 'tangle web spider', 'hoverflies', 'shigella', 'flowering rush', 'archegosauridae', 'suillaceae', 'pelargonium', 'tortrix moth', 'agouti', 'urticaceae', 'rove beetles', 'pink family'] | Pukeuria | Pukeuria is a genus of very small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks. This genus is currently placed in the subfamily Chrysallidinae of the family Odostomiidae. |
Subsets and Splits