Datasets:

RickBrannan

/

categorize_bib_lang_grammar

like 0

{ "label": 1, "text": "An \"adverbial adjective\" is an adjective that functions as an adverb, meaning that it describes a verb instead of a noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic, an \"attributive adjective\" almost always immediately follows the noun that it describes and has the same form in gender, number, and definiteness." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Thus, if the noun is masculine, the adjective is also masculine." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "If the noun is singular, the adjective is also singular." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "If the noun is definite, the adjective is also definite; and so on." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The most common use of adjectives is to describe a noun directly." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "There are two kinds of adjectives that function in this way, attributive adjectives and predicative adjectives." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"comparative adjective\" expresses a comparison between two or more items." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The forms of the adjective closely resemble the forms of the common noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An \"intensive adjective\" has a stronger degree of meaning than a typical adjective." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"nominal adjective\" is an adjective that itself functions as a noun in the sentence rather than describing a noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Often the linking verb is not present in the Hebrew text and must be supplied when translating into English." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Like attributive adjectives, a predicative adjective usually has the same form as the noun it describes in both gender and number." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Unlike attributive adjectives, however, a predicative adjective can be indefinite even if it describes a definite noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An \"adjective\" is a word that describes a person(s), place(s), or thing(s)." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Within a sentence, an adjective usually describes a noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"superlative adjective\" has a meaning strengthened to its greatest degree." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In Bibical Hebrew, adjectives match the noun they describe in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural)." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "However, there are some exceptions to this rule." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "If a noun is dual, its accompanying adjective will be plural." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Also, the gender of some nouns does not match their apparent form (as in נָשִׁים \"women\", which is grammatically-feminine although it appears grammatically-masculine); in these cases, an accompanying adjective will match the gender of the noun itself rather than the apparent form." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Similarly, for nouns with either collective singular (as in עַם, meaning \"people\") or majestic plural (as in אֱלֹהִים, meaning \"God\"), the accompanying adjective may match the implied number rather than the apparent form." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "There are two different kinds of numbers: cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Cardinal numbers function as attributive adjectives, but they do not always follow the same grammatical rules." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "They may appear either before or after the noun they describe, and they may not always have the same grammatical form (gender, number, definiteness) as the noun they describe." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "As with other adjectives, a cardinal number can function as a noun and can appear in either the absolute the construct state." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The following example is a cardinal number functioning as a noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "As would be expected, the number “two” in Biblical Hebrew always takes the dual form." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The following example is a cardinal number with a pronominal suffix." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "The following table presents the possible forms of the cardinal numbers three through ten." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Note that this table presents the numbers as masculine or feminine according to their morphology." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "When a cardinal number modifies a noun, it appears with the opposite morphological gender of the noun that it modifies." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "This can be seen in the examples below the table as well as in the table for numbers 11-19, where the numbers 3-9 take the opposite gender morphology from the number 10 that follows." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The number ten in this combination will take the morphological gender of the noun that the combined number modifies." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "The numbers 11-19 are formed by writing the number 1-9 followed by the number 10." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "These numbers are written following the same rules as the numbers 11-19." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The nouns \"hundred\" (100) and \"thousand\" (1000) function the same as any other common noun with singular, dual, and plural forms." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Although the number for \"hundred\" uses feminine endings and the number for \"thousand\" uses masculine endings, both numbers should be classified as \"gender both\" because the same form can be both grammatically-masculine and grammatically-feminine." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In the following example, multiples of 1,000 are expressed by numbers in a construct phrase." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The names of spoken languages are the only terms that are considered by this grammar as proper \"gentilic adjectives\"." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "However, scholars disagree concerning which terms should be called gentilic nouns or gentilic adjectives." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This is because most gentilics in both Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic can legitimately be classified as either nouns or adjectives." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Some scholars call these gentilic adjectives as well (for example, \"Ruth the Moabitess\")." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The name(s) of spoken language(s) are considered gentilic adjectives." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Biblical Hebrew contains two sets of numbers: cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Ordinal numbers describe either a numeric rank/order or a portion of a whole." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Ordinal numbers function as attributive adjectives, but they may not always have the same grammatical form (gender, number, definiteness) as the noun they describe." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The following example is a definite ordinal number describing an indefinite noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The following examples show cardinal numbers functioning as ordinal numbers." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"locative adverb\" describes something about the place or location where the action of the verb happens." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An \"adverb of manner\" describes something about how the action of the verb happens." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"nominal adverb\" is an adverb that functions as a noun rather than describing the verb directly." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"qualitative adverb\" describes the value of something in relation to the action of the verb." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"quantitative adverb\" describes an amount of something in relation to the action of the verb." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"sentential adverb\" describes an entire clause or sentence rather than an individual verb." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Sentential adverbs are closely related to conjunctions." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An \"adverb\" is a word that describes a verb, or sometimes describes a sentence as a whole." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"temporal adverb\" describes something about the time when the action of the verb happens." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Biblical Hebrew does not contain many words that are classified directly as adverbs." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "However, many different kinds of words can function as adverbs, including an infinitive absolute, an adjective, or even a noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Many particles are closely related to adverbs in Biblical Hebrew." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A general rule is that when a particle occurs after the verb, it functions as an adverb; but when a particle appears before the verb, then it functions in some other way (usually as a conjunction or a discourse marker)." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "But this rule is not universal; sometimes both adverbs and particles can appear before the verb rather than after the verb, as in the example below (GEN 32:11)." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "There are several different ways that an adverb can describe a verb." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Many adverbs in Biblical Hebrew have the potential to serve multiple functions." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Because Biblical Hebrew does not contain many adverbs, sometimes other kinds of words can function as adverbs." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This is called an adverbial adjective." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This is called an adverbial noun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This kind of causal conjunction expresses the purpose for or intended outcome of an action/event." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "In English, it is usually translated as \"for\" or “so that”." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This kind of causal conjunction expresses either the reason for or the result of an action/event." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "In English, it is usually translated as \"for\" or \"because\"." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "These compounds should not be considered merely as the sum of the component terms." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "Rather, they should be considered as a single grammatical entity with its own range of meanings which may or may not be different than the individual component terms." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "An \"actual condition\" expresses an action or event that has actually happened in reality, and is usually translated as \"when\" or \"while\" in English." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "Usually, this kind of condition indicates something that is happening concurrently with the main action/event being described, or something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"hypothetical condition\" expresses an imaginary action or event that has not actually happened in reality." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This kind of conditional conjunction is usually translated as \"if\" in English." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Hypothetical conditions have potential to convey many different nuances of possibility and/or desirability." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An \"alternative\" conjunction compares two words/phrases/sentences as alternates and is usually translated as “or” in English." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An \"asseverative\" conjunction expresses an affirmation in response to what was stated previously." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "It is very similar to an affirmative particle." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An affirmative particle expresses a simple affirmation." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An asseverative conjunction expresses an affirmation specifically in response to what was stated immediately previous." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Asseverative conjunctions are often translated into English in various ways, such as \"surely,\" \"but also,\" \"and even,\" and others." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "There are eight major categories of conjunctions." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"causal\" conjunction expresses a relationship of cause (of some kind) between two grammatical items." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "These can include a relationship of reason or result as well as a relationship of purpose or goal." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "However, sometimes it is extremely difficult to distinguish between a causal conjunction that expresses purpose/goal and one that expresses reason/result." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"concessive\" conjunction expresses an exception or disclaimer to what has been stated immediately previous." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"conditional\" conjunction introduces either a hypothetical situation or an actual situation, as determined by the context." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"conjunctive\" conjunction simply joins two words/phrases/sentences together and is usually translated as \"and\" in English." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This kind of conjunction can be used either comparatively (joining similar ideas) or contrastively (joining dissimilar ideas)." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"contrastive\" conjunction contrasts two words/phrases/sentences as different in some way and is usually translated as “but” in English." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"restrictive\" conjunction sets apart a clause or phrase as unique within its context." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Sometimes this restrictive function emphasizes a particular item as the most important or most prominent; in these cases, the conjunction is similar in meaning to an affirmative conjunction." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "At other times, however, this restrictive function introduces a particular limitation to something previously expressed; in these cases, this conjunction is similar in meaning to a concessive conjunction." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "When a conjunctive conjunction connects two events that happen at the same time, it has a similar meaning to a conditional conjunction expressing an actual condition." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In these cases, the conjunction can be translated as “while” or “when” in English." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"conjunction\" is a word that shows a relationship between two different words, phrases, sentences, or even entire paragraphs." }