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The NY 9N designation was originally created as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York to replace New York State Route 9W , a route assigned to an alternate routing of US 9 from Elizabethtown to Keeseville . NY 9N was extended southward to Lake George c . 1936 and to Saratoga Springs in the early 1950s , supplanting several other routes ( including New York State Route 9K ) in the process .

= = Route description = =

NY 9N is the longest suffixed route in the state , extending for 143 @.@ 5 miles ( 230 @.@ 9 km ) from Saratoga Springs to Keeseville . The route stretches through four counties — Saratoga , Warren , Essex and Clinton — and serves several villages and hamlets , including Lake George , Ticonderoga , and Elizabethtown . It overlaps its parent route , US 9 , in Lake George and Elizabethtown and meets Interstate 87 ( I @-@ 87 ) four times .

= = = Saratoga County = = =

NY 9N begins at the intersection of Church Street , Broadway ( US 9 , NY 29 westbound , and NY 50 ) and Lake Avenue ( NY 29 eastbound ) in the city of Saratoga Springs . Situated on the northwestern corner of the junction is the city 's post office . The route heads west , following Church Street out of the city 's center . At Bensonhurst Avenue , ownership and maintenance of NY 9N shifts from the city of Saratoga Springs to the New York State Department of Transportation . As NY 9N exits the city limits and enters the town of Greenfield , it turns to follow a more northerly routing . It meets County Route 21 ( CR 21 ) just north of the town line , where the Church Street name ends , and CR 36 ( Wilton Road ) 2 @.@ 5 miles ( 4 @.@ 0 km ) to the north in the hamlet of Greenfield Center .

The route continues on into the town of Corinth , where it crosses the Blue Line into Adirondack Park . Not far to the north , NY 9N enters the village of Corinth , situated on the west bank of the Hudson River . The highway follows Saratoga Avenue and Maple Streets into the village center , where it turns north and exits the village on Main Street . NY 9N follows the western edge of the river north for roughly 4 miles ( 6 km ) through the towns of Corinth and Hadley before crossing over it and passing from Saratoga County to Warren County .

= = = Warren County = = =

Across the county line in Lake Luzerne , NY 9N begins to deviate from the Hudson River , gradually curving to the northeast as it passes through the hamlets of Lake Luzerne , Fourth Lake , and Lake Vanare , all of which are named for small lakes bearing those names near the center of the communities . Just northeast of Lake Vanare , NY 9N enters the town of Lake George , where it connects to I @-@ 87 ( the Adirondack Northway ) at exit 21 and meets US 9 . Here , it joins its parent route northward toward the village of Lake George . The conjoined routes intersect the northern end of NY 9L just south of the village line before becoming Canada Street and entering the village limits upon crossing over West Brook . US 9 and NY 9N serve as the primary north – south thoroughfare through the village before splitting at the north end of the village . While US 9 continues to the north , NY 9N heads northeast along the western edge of Lake George .

The portion of NY 9N between Lake George village and Hague is relatively isolated , with mountains lining the western edge of the highway and the lakeshore located to the immediate east . Along this stretch , NY 9N serves numerous lakeside hamlets , the southernmost of which is Diamond Point , a community just south of the Lake George – Bolton town line . The route continues on , passing through the hamlets of Bolton and Bolton Landing , the latter of which is home to The Sagamore , a resort situated on an island in Lake George .

North of Bolton Landing , the route leaves the main lake and instead follows the edge of Northwest Bay , an inlet separated from Lake George itself by a large , mountainous peninsula . The bay abruptly ends about 2 miles ( 3 @.@ 2 km ) to the north , at which point NY 9N curves to the east and proceeds through a pass in the mountains to rejoin the western edge of Lake George at Sabbath Day Point in the town of Hague . Here , the route turns back to the north and follows Lake George to the hamlet of Hague , where it meets the northern ( signed as the eastern ) terminus of NY 8 . NY 9N continues to serve as the lakeside roadway for another 3 miles ( 5 km ) before curving away from the lake and entering Essex County .

= = = Essex and Clinton counties = = =

Now in the town of Ticonderoga , NY 9N passes through a valley before curving to the east and entering the hamlet of Ticonderoga . For the most part , NY 9N bypasses the community as it turns north onto Wicker Street , the westernmost north – south through street in the hamlet . Northwest of the former village 's center , NY 9N meets NY 22 and NY 74 , the latter of which serves as a northerly bypass of Ticonderoga . NY 22 joins NY 9N here , following the route out of the hamlet .

NY 9N and NY 22 head generally northward through an area of lowlands , which eventually give way to Lake Champlain as the conjoined routes pass into the town of Crown Point . Once again , NY 9N serves as the lakeside highway as it follows the western edge of the lake through the hamlet of Crown Point to the peninsula that gives the town its name . While NY 9N and NY 22 pass by Crown Point to the west , NY 185 directly serves the peninsula and the Crown Point State Historic Site , located at its tip .

The routes continue northward along the lakeshore through the town of Moriah and the village of Port Henry to the town of Westport , where NY 9N and NY 22 split in the hamlet of Westport . While NY 22 continues north towards Essex , NY 9N heads west to follow a more inland routing through a series of narrow valleys . NY 9N intersects I @-@ 87 once again at exit 31 just before entering the town of Elizabethtown . The route continues west , passing over the Bouquet River and entering the hamlet of Elizabethtown , where it rejoins US 9 in the former village 's center . Unlike the overlap in Lake George , this concurrency lasts for only three blocks before the two routes split .

NY 9N continues to the west for 12 miles ( 19 km ) through deep , narrow valleys to Keene , where it meets NY 73 north of Keene Valley . Here , NY 9N turns north , joining NY 73 for 2 miles ( 3 @.@ 2 km ) to the hamlet of Keene , located on the east branch of the Ausable River . NY 73 heads off to the west from this point toward Lake Placid ; however , NY 9N follows the river northward into the town of Jay , where it intersects the east end of NY 86 . The highway continues alongside the western bank of the river branch to the hamlet of Au Sable Forks , situated on the Essex – Clinton County line and at the point where the Ausable River 's east and west branches come together .

The highway enters Au Sable Forks from the south on South Main Street and becomes North Main Street upon crossing the west branch of the river and entering Clinton County and the town of Black Brook . NY 9N immediately turns east upon crossing the river , following Ausable Street out of the hamlet and along the northern edge of the Ausable River into the town of Au Sable . Here , NY 9N meets I @-@ 87 one final time at exit 34 just southwest of the village of Keeseville . NY 9N continues on into Keeseville , where it meets NY 22 once again at an intersection across the river from the village center . NY 22 and NY 9N come together once more , overlapping for 0 @.@ 25 miles ( 0 @.@ 40 km ) to an intersection with US 9 a short distance downstream from the center of Keeseville . NY 9N comes to an end here while NY 22 turns south onto US 9 .

= = History = =

In 1908 , the New York State Legislature created Route 22 , an unsigned legislative route that was initially split into two segments . The northern half of the route ran from Riparius to Rouses Point and mostly followed what is now US 9 between the two locations . From Elizabethtown to Keeseville , however , Route 22 followed a more westerly alignment via Keene , Jay , and Au Sable Forks . When the first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924 , all of legislative Route 22 north of Riparius became part of NY 6 , which continued south toward Glens Falls on what is now US 9 . At the same time , the section of modern NY 9N between Saratoga Springs and Lake George was designated as part of NY 10 . The portion between Ticonderoga and Westport became part of a realigned NY 30 by the following year .

By 1926 , the piece of current NY 9N from Hague to Ticonderoga was designated as the easternmost leg of NY 47 , which continued west to Chestertown on modern NY 8 . In 1927 , most of NY 6 north of Round Lake was replaced by US 9 when U.S. Highways were first signed in New York . The lone exception was between Elizabethtown and Keeseville , where US 9 followed a previously unnumbered highway to the east instead . The bypassed section of NY 6 between the two locations was redesignated as NY 9W at this time . NY 9W was renumbered to NY 9N as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , eliminating the alphanumerical duplication between itself and US 9W .

NY 47 , meanwhile , became part of the new NY 8 in the 1930 renumbering , allowing the NY 47 designation to be reassigned to a previously unnumbered roadway along the western shore of Lake George between NY 8 in Hague and US 9 in Lake George village . At the same time , NY 10 was realigned south of Long Lake and replaced with NY 9K from Saratoga Springs to Lake George while the roadway connecting Ticonderoga to Westport became part of NY 22 after NY 30 was reassigned elsewhere in the state . The segment of modern NY 9N from Westport to Elizabethtown , previously unnumbered , was designated NY 195 .

NY 9N was extended south to Lake George c . 1936 , supplanting both NY 47 and NY 195 . From Westport to Hague , NY 9N overlapped with NY 22 ( from Westport to Ticonderoga ) and NY 8 ( from Crown Point to Hague ) . The route was extended once more in the early 1950s to its current southern terminus in Saratoga Springs , replacing NY 9K and creating a short overlap with US 9 through Lake George village in the process . The overlap with NY 8 was eliminated in the mid @-@ 1960s when that route was truncated to end at its junction with NY 9N in Hague .

= = Major intersections = =

= The Fires of Pompeii =

" The Fires of Pompeii " is the second episode of the fourth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It was broadcast on BBC One on 12 April 2008 . Set shortly before and during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 , this episode depicts alien time traveller the Doctor ( David Tennant ) and his new companion Donna Noble ( Catherine Tate ) on a trip to Pompeii , where they uncover an alien invasion . Their clashing worldviews present an ethical dilemma for the Doctor .

The episode was filmed in Rome 's Cinecittà studios , and was the first time the Doctor Who production team took its cast abroad for filming since its revival . The production of the episode was impeded by a fire near the sets several weeks before filming and by problems for the production team crossing into Europe .

Critics ' opinions regarding the episode were generally mixed . The premise of the episode — the moral dilemma the Doctor faces , and Donna 's insistence that he save a family from Pompeii — were widely praised . However , the episode 's writing was criticised , in particular , for the characterisation of the supporting cast : The dialogue was described as " one @-@ dimensional " and Peter Capaldi and Phil Davis 's dialogue as " whimpering and scowling " .

= = Plot = =

The Doctor and Donna arrive in what the Doctor believes to be Rome in the first century AD . After an earthquake and witnessing a nearby mountain begin to smoulder , he realises he has in fact materialised in Pompeii one day before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius . When he and Donna return to where the TARDIS landed , he discovers that a local merchant sold it to sculptor Lobus Caecilius . The Doctor and Donna go to Caecilius 's house to retrieve it . Unknown to them , they have been followed by a soothsayer who reports to the Sibylline Sisterhood that the prophesised man in the blue box has arrived , and the Sisters fear the prediction that his arrival brings fire and death .

At the house , the Doctor is surprised by Caecilius 's daughter Evelina , who seems to have extrasensory perception ( ESP ) and knows personal details about the Doctor and Donna . They are interrupted by the local augur , Lucius Petrus Dextrus , who has arrived to collect a sculpture he commissioned . The Doctor is intrigued by the sculpture , which resembles a segment of an oversized circuit board . Lucius Petrus reveals that he also has powerful ESP and calls out the name of the Doctor 's home planet , Gallifrey . The Doctor wishes to learn more about the sculptures and enlists Caecilius 's son Quintus to help him break into Lucius Petrus ' house . Inside , the Doctor deduces that the circuits will make an energy converter , but he is caught by Lucius Petrus . The two escape , but Lucius Petrus beckons a large stone creature to attack and kill them . The stone creature appears in Caecilius 's house and attacks them , but Quintus saves them by dousing the creature in water and killing it . In the confusion , the Sisterhood kidnap Donna , and the Doctor sets off to rescue her . He meets the high priestess of the Sisterhood , who is revealed to be transforming into a stone creature . The Doctor discovers that they are being controlled by the Pyroviles , volcanic creatures whose home planet of Pyrovilia was lost ( see Story arcs in Doctor Who # Medusa Cascade ) . The Doctor is attacked by the Sisterhood , but he escapes with Donna into an underground tunnel that leads into the heart of Mount Vesuvius .

The Doctor discovers that the volcano is being used by the Pyroviles to convert the human race and conquer Earth . The Doctor realises the volcano will not erupt if the energy converter is running , and tells Donna that the volcanic eruption is a fixed point in time and must always happen . The Doctor and Donna get into an escape pod and together press a lever which overloads the converter and triggers the eruption , killing the Pyroviles and launching the pod clear of the blast . The Doctor and Donna run for the TARDIS and the Doctor coldly leaves Caecilius and his family cowering in their home and dematerialises . Donna tearfully begs him to go back and at least save one person . The Doctor finally relents and goes back for Caecilius and his family . He leaves them on a hill overlooking the destruction , and together with Donna slips out quietly as the family mourns Pompeii . The Doctor comments to Donna that she was right - he does need someone to stop him .

Six months later in Rome , Caecilius 's family are shown to be successful . He is running a profitable business , Evelina has a social life in comparison to her seclusion in Pompeii , and his son Quintus is studying to become a doctor . Before Quintus leaves , he pays tribute to the family 's household gods ( in marked contrast to his disrespectful attitude towards them at the start of the episode ) , a bas relief depiction of which are in the form of the Doctor , Donna and the TARDIS .

= = = Cultural references = = =

The Doctor identifies himself as " Spartacus " , to which Donna replies " So am I. " This is a reference to a scene in the film Spartacus , where all the slaves shield Spartacus by each shouting " I 'm Spartacus ! "

= = Production = =

= = = Writing = = =

Executive producer Russell T Davies originally planned to include a serial set in Pompeii in the first new series of Doctor Who , after seeing the documentary Pompeii : The Last Day . That episode 's position was given to " Boom Town " and the idea was shelved for three years .

The episode was written by James Moran , who previously wrote the film Severance and the Torchwood episode " Sleeper " ; Moran was requested to write the episode as a consequence of the latter . Moran had difficulty writing the episode , and had to rewrite the Doctor 's opening line over twenty times . The Pyrovile were also edited during writing : they were previously called Pyrovillaxians and Pyrovellians .

Moran worked closely with Davies because of the constraints imposed by filming . Davies encouraged Moran to insert linguistic jokes similar to those in the comic book series Asterix , such as Lucius Petrus Dextrus ( " Lucius Stone Right Arm " ) , TK Maxximus , and Spartacus ; the use of the phrase " I 'm Spartacus ! " refers to the 1960 film . Moran based the ancillary characters of Metella ( Tracey Childs ) and Quintus from Caecilius 's family in the Cambridge Latin Course ; the character of Evelina was the only member of the family created by Moran . At the end of Book I of the Cambridge Latin Course , Caecilius and Metella perish in Pompeii on the day of the eruption , but Quintus survives . This episode creates an alternate ending to their story , where they are all rescued by the Doctor and move to Rome . The line " You must excuse my friend , she 's from Barcelona " was a reference to an apologetic catchphrase from Fawlty Towers , attributed by the production team to Sybil Fawlty ( and forming a meta @-@ pun on the Sibylline Sisterhood ) , but also harks back to previous mentions of Barcelona by the ninth and tenth Doctors .

The episode was heavily based on a moral question posed to the Doctor by Donna : whether to warn the population of Pompeii , or to recuse themselves from the situation . Moran also had to deal with the intensity and sensitivity required when writing about the eruption . Davies and Moran both appreciated Catherine Tate 's performance , and cited Donna 's ability to humanise the Doctor and help him deal with " lose @-@ lose situations " as the reason the Doctor travels with companions .

The series ' story arc was hinted at by the Doctor 's invocation of the Shadow Proclamation , an intergalactic code previously invoked in " Rose " , " The Christmas Invasion " , " Fear Her " and " Partners in Crime " , and referencing the " Medusa Cascade " , which executive producer Russell T Davies stated in Doctor Who Magazine would " come back to haunt us " later in the series . Moran also added continuity links independent of the story arc : as a " fun continuity thing " , the script includes a scene in which the Doctor admits partial responsibility for the Great Fire of Rome , as depicted at the end of the 1965 serial The Romans ; and the sale of the TARDIS as modern art refers to the 1979 serial City of Death , which includes a scene in which the TARDIS is appraised in a similar fashion . Additionally , Lucius Petrus , while under prophetic influence , informs Donna that " there is something on your back " — a foreshadowing of the story development in the season 's later episode " Turn Left " .

= = = Filming = = =

The episode was filmed at the Cinecittà studios in Rome in September 2007 . The filming reused some of the sets from the show Rome . Other locations suggested were in Malta and Wales , but the size of the project , the biggest since the show 's revival , resulted in production taking place in Italy . This was the first time the majority of an episode was filmed abroad and the first time the cast had filmed abroad since 1996 ; the television movie was filmed in Vancouver and pick @-@ up shots had previously been made in New York City for " Daleks in Manhattan " . Cinecittà had accepted the BBC 's request in order to promote the studios , despite the show 's small budget .

Filming an episode abroad had been suggested in 2004 , but the episode was the first such occasion . Planning began in April 2007 , before Moran had written the script , and continued until the production team travelled to Italy . Several weeks before filming started , a fire disrupted the production . Moving to Rome caused problems for the production team : the equipment truck was delayed for several hours at the Swiss border ; the special effects team were delayed for twenty @-@ four hours at Customs in Calais . The production team only had 48 hours to film on location . The aftermath of the eruption was filmed on the same night as the location shots . To create the falling ash , the special effects team used a large mass of cork , with a " constant supply of debris raining down " . Scenes set at the Temple of Sibyl were filmed at the Temple of Peace , Cardiff on 18 and 19 September 2007 .

= = = Cast notes = = =

Two of the cast members of " The Fires of Pompeii " were later cast in starring roles for Doctor Who . Karen Gillan returned in the fifth series to play Amy Pond , full @-@ time companion of Matt Smith 's Eleventh Doctor . Casting director Andy Pryor suggested her to new executive producer Steven Moffat based on her performance in this episode as one of the soothsayers .

Peter Capaldi was cast as the Twelfth Doctor in 2013 , and made his first appearance in the 2013 Christmas special " The Time of the Doctor " ( with an uncredited cameo appearance in the anniversary special " The Day of the Doctor " ) Capaldi also played John Frobisher throughout Children of Earth , the third series in the Doctor Who spin @-@ off Torchwood .

Tracey Childs and Phil Davis have also performed on Doctor Who audio productions for Big Finish .

= = Broadcast = =

Overnight figures estimated the episode was watched by 8 @.@ 1 million viewers , with a peak of 8 @.@ 5 million viewers . The consolidated figure was 9 @.@ 04 million . The episode was the second most watched programme on 12 April ; Britain 's Got Talent was viewed by 9 @.@ 44 million people . The episode was the tenth most @-@ watched programme of the week and received an Appreciation Index score of 87 ( considered Excellent ) .

= = = Critical reception = = =

The episode received generally mixed reviews . Ian Hyland , writing for News of the World , said that Tate " was almost bearable this week " . He also complimented the " TK Maxximus " joke . He was ambivalent to Donna 's reaction to the Doctor leaving Caecilius 's family to die : he criticised her acting , comparing her to The Catherine Tate Show character Joannie " Nan " Taylor , but said " top again if that was intentional " . He closed saying " this week was a hundred times better than that lame opening episode . Scarier aliens , stronger guest stars and a proper adult @-@ friendly storyline involving sisterhoods and soothsayers . "

Scott Matthewman of The Stage said that Donna 's insistence to change the past " formed the emotional backbone of this episode , producing some truly heartbreaking performances " . He liked the joke about the TARDIS 's translating the Doctor 's and Donna 's Latin phrases to Celtic , saying it was " subtly played throughout the episode [ ... ] in a way that builds the joke without trampling it into the ground " . His favourite part was Donna 's attempts to divert the population of Pompeii away from the beach ; the scene was " the emotional highpoint of a series of heart rending scenes " . However , he criticised Moran 's writing , specifically , Quintus 's and Metella 's dialogue , saying the former " remained pretty much one @-@ dimensional throughout " . Alan Stanley Blair of SyFy Portal also gave a positive review . He was highly appreciative of Tate , saying " [ she ] moved even further away from her " Runaway " character that initially joined the show . " The phrase " TK Maxximus " and the Doctor 's use of a water pistol to subdue the Pyrovile were complimented , as were the special effects used to animate the Pyrovile . However , he disapproved of the use of Cockney colloquialisms in the episode , most notably the Stallholder ( Phil Cornwell ) saying " lovely jubbly " .

Ben Rawson @-@ Jones of Digital Spy gave the episode three stars out of five . His opening said " Fantastic effects and a well developed moral dilemma bolster ' The Fires Of Pompeii ' , although the episode fails to erupt . " Rawson @-@ Jones felt that Moran 's script took " too long to actively engage the viewer and tap into the compelling premise of the time travellers arriving in the doomed city shortly before ' volcano day ' . " and that " the subplots are unsatisfyingly muddled for the majority of the narrative . " He also complained about the characterisation of the supporting cast , saying that " Peter Capaldi and Phil Davis [ deserved ] better " . However , he said the moral dilemma the Doctor faced was " compelling " and the Doctor 's use of the water pistol " adds a pleasing sense of fun to counterbalance the impending stench of death and harks nicely back to the Tom Baker era of the show . " Overall , he appreciated the premise of the episode , but thought the episode " deserved better writing " .

= = = Reviews = = =

" The Fires of Pompeii " reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

= Zennor Head =

Zennor Head / ˈzɛnʊər hɛd / is a 750 @-@ metre ( 2 @,@ 460 ft ) long promontory on the Cornish coast of England , between Pendour Cove and Porthzennor Cove . Facing the Atlantic Ocean , it lies 1 kilometre north @-@ west of the village of Zennor and 1 @.@ 6 kilometres east of the next promontory , Gurnard 's Head . The granite ( Killas ) cliffs rise over 200 feet ( 60 m ) from the sea and the highest point of the headland is 314 feet ( 96 m ) above sea level , with an Ordnance Survey triangulation station . Zennor Head is on the South West Coast Path , which follows the cliff edge closely , skirting the entire perimeter of the headland . The promontory is part of the Penwith Heritage Coast , and is the largest coastal feature in the United Kingdom that begins with the letter " Z " . It gets its name from a local saint , Senara . Zennor Head was mined for copper and tin in the Victorian Era . There is no longer any residential or commercial occupancy on the headland , but it is occupied by a variety of coastal animals and plants , such as kestrels and gorse .

= = Etymology = =

The name " Zennor Head " originates from the name of a local saint , Senara . According to local legend , Senara was thrown off a headland in Brittany in a barrel after being falsely accused of adultery by her husband and washed up on the Cornish coast , founding Zennor and giving her name to the eponymous village ( and subsequently Zennor Head , Zennor Quoit and Porthzennor Cove ) , before continuing to Ireland . The " s " changed to a " z " , an occurrence common in the West Country but rare elsewhere , and as such is the largest coastal feature in the United Kingdom to begin with the letter " Z " .

= = History = =

The headland is bordered by Cornish granite hedges , and the farming system dates from about 4000 BC , the time of the Bronze Age in Cornwall . The surrounding area and village of Zennor has been continually occupied for over 4 @,@ 000 years . Zennor Head was mined extensively for copper and tin in the 19th century , and drainage adits remain visible on the eastern side .