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A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires.

question: The ALU of a computer stands for what?, answer: arithmetic logic | question: Input and output devices are known as what term?, answer: I/O | question: Besides the ALU, input and output devices, what are the other two main components of a computer?, answer: the control unit, the memory

A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism.

question: Who wrote 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge'?, answer: George Berkeley | question: Who wrote 'Alciphron'?, answer: George Berkeley | question: When was 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge' published?, answer: 1710 | question: What religion was George Berkeley?, answer: Anglican | question: What nationality was George Berkeley?, answer: Irish

A genre that greatly rose in importance was that of scientific literature. Natural history in particular became increasingly popular among the upper classes. Works of natural history include René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur's Histoire naturelle des insectes and Jacques Gautier d'Agoty's La Myologie complète, ou description de tous les muscles du corps humain (1746). Outside ancien régime France, natural history was an important part of medicine and industry, encompassing the fields of botany, zoology, meteorology, hydrology and mineralogy. Students in Enlightenment universities and academies were taught these subjects to prepare them for careers as diverse as medicine and theology. As shown by M D Eddy, natural history in this context was a very middle class pursuit and operated as a fertile trading zone for the interdisciplinary exchange of diverse scientific ideas.

question: Did natural history in particular become increasingly popular amoung the upper or lower classes?, answer: upper | question: Which type of history encompassed botany, zoology, meteorolgy, hydrology, and mineralogy?, answer: natural history | question: Who wrote the Histoire naturelle des insectes?, answer: René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur

A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.

question: How long does it take glaciers to form?, answer: many years, often centuries | question: Do glaciers form on land, in the sea, or a combination of both?, answer: only on land | question: Which types of ice form on a body of water's surface?, answer: sea ice and lake ice | question: What causes glaciers to deform and flow?, answer: stresses induced by their weight | question: What are some distinguishing glacial features?, answer: crevasses, seracs

A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.

question: What rank does Boston hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world?, answer: among the top 30 | question: What is the economy of Boston?, answer: $363 billion | question: What ranking in the country does Greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?, answer: sixth-largest | question: What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?, answer: 12th-largest

A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if the ice sheets were a holdover from the Devonian or not. These conditions apparently had little effect in the deep tropics, where lush coal swamps flourished within 30 degrees of the northernmost glaciers. A mid-Carboniferous drop in sea-level precipitated a major marine extinction, one that hit crinoids and ammonites especially hard. This sea-level drop and the associated unconformity in North America separate the Mississippian Period from the Pennsylvanian period.

question: What occurred to the level of the sea when the Devonian period was finished?, answer: A global drop | question: During which period were epicontinental seas created?, answer: Carboniferous | question: What was on the land at 30 degrees latitude north in the carboniferous period?, answer: lush coal swamps | question: What was the result in the decline in sea level in the middle of the Carboniferous period?, answer: a major marine extinction | question: The Pennsylvania period is separated by the drop in Carboniferous era sea levels from what other period?, answer: Mississippian Period

A government report covered by the Guardian in 2002 indicates that between 1940 and 1979, the Ministry of Defence "turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public" and many of these tests "involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told." The Ministry of Defence claims that these trials were to simulate germ warfare and that the tests were harmless. Still, families who have been in the area of many of the tests are experiencing children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps and many are asking for a public inquiry. According to the report these tests affected estimated millions of people including one period between 1961 and 1968 where "more than a million people along the south coast of England, from Torquay to the New Forest, were exposed to bacteria including e.coli and bacillus globigii, which mimics anthrax." Two scientists commissioned by the Ministry of Defence stated that these trials posed no risk to the public. This was confirmed by Sue Ellison, a representative of Porton Down who said that the results from these trials "will save lives, should the country or our forces face an attack by chemical and biological weapons." Asked whether such tests are still being carried out, she said: "It is not our policy to discuss ongoing research." It is unknown whether or not the harmlessness of the trials was known at the time of their occurrence.

question: What publication released a report about the Ministry of Defence in 2002?, answer: the Guardian | question: What was the MoD accused of doing to the public?, answer: secret germ warfare tests | question: What are the children of some families in the area of the testing experiencing?, answer: children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps | question: When was the supposed germ warfare testing taking place?, answer: between 1940 and 1979 | question: When were millions of people supposedly exposed to e. coli and an anthrax-like bacteria?, answer: between 1961 and 1968

A gramophone record (phonograph record in American English) or vinyl record, commonly known as a "record", is an analogue sound storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl chloride (previously shellac) disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12", 10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (16 2⁄3, 33 1⁄3, 45, 78), and their time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP – long playing 33 1⁄3 rpm, SP – 78 rpm single, EP – 12-inch single or extended play, 33 or 45 rpm); their reproductive quality or level of fidelity (high-fidelity, orthophonic, full-range, etc.), and the number of audio channels provided (mono, stereo, quad, etc.).

question: What does LP stand for when it comes to time capacity?, answer: long playing | question: What are common diameters found in phonograph records?, answer: 12", 10", 7" | question: What is a gramophone or 'vinyl' record?, answer: analogue sound storage medium | question: Where does the groove on a vinyl record typically start?, answer: near the periphery | question: In what method is the rotational speed measured in?, answer: rpm

A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

question: What is a nation which can exert its influence on a global scale called?, answer: A great power | question: What two dominant traits do great powers usually possess?, answer: military and economic strength | question: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States serve as what body's five permanent members?, answer: United Nations Security Council | question: What two lesser traits do great powers usually possess?, answer: diplomatic and soft power influence | question: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States are part of what international forum?, answer: the G7 | question: What do great powers usually have?, answer: military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence | question: What are the permanent members of UN Security Council?, answer: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States | question: What are the countries in the G7?, answer: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America | question: What 3 factors have international relations theorists considered factors for great power status?, answer: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions

A group is called finite if it has a finite number of elements. The number of elements is called the order of the group. An important class is the symmetric groups SN, the groups of permutations of N letters. For example, the symmetric group on 3 letters S3 is the group consisting of all possible orderings of the three letters ABC, i.e. contains the elements ABC, ACB, ..., up to CBA, in total 6 (or 3 factorial) elements. This class is fundamental insofar as any finite group can be expressed as a subgroup of a symmetric group SN for a suitable integer N (Cayley's theorem). Parallel to the group of symmetries of the square above, S3 can also be interpreted as the group of symmetries of an equilateral triangle.

question: What does a finite group include?, answer: a finite number of elements | question: What is the number of elements in a group named?, answer: the order of the group | question: What type of class has a finite group that can be expressed as a subgroup of a symmetric group?, answer: fundamental | question: What can be described as the group of symmetries of an equilateral triangle?, answer: S3

A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices. A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.

question: When did the seven companies begin developing USB's?, answer: 1994 | question: How many companies developed USB's?, answer: seven | question: What was the goal for USB's?, answer: to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs | question: Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel?, answer: Ajay Bhatt

A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D score. Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from 10.0. This score is called the E score. The final score is calculated by taking deductions from the E score, and adding the result to the D score. Since 2007, the scoring system has changed by adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score.

question: How are gymnasts scored?, answer: from deductions taken from their start value | question: How is the start vaule determined?, answer: e start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements | question: What is this score called?, answer: D score | question: Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from what score?, answer: 10.0 | question: What were added to scoring in 2007?, answer: adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score

A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies from the United Kingdom, France, Imperial Germany and the United States. The proletariat was often exploited, and found no legal protection or political recourse to redress injustices.

question: The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries., answer: ranching and mining | question: Diaz promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies at the expense of what group?, answer: working class | question: What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families?, answer: haciendas | question: This group was often exploited and had no legal protection or recourse., answer: proletariat

A healthy, and legal, publishing industry existed throughout Europe, although established publishers and book sellers occasionally ran afoul of the law. The Encyclopédie, for example, condemned not only by the King but also by Clement XII, nevertheless found its way into print with the help of the aforementioned Malesherbes and creative use of French censorship law. But many works were sold without running into any legal trouble at all. Borrowing records from libraries in England, Germany and North America indicate that more than 70 percent of books borrowed were novels. Less than 1 percent of the books were of a religious nature, indicating the general trend of declining religiosity.

question: Who helped The Encyclopedie find its way into print using the French censorship law creatively?, answer: Malesherbes | question: The King and Clement XII condemned which literary work?, answer: The Encyclopédie | question: What percentage of books borrowed in England, Germany, and Norath America were novels?, answer: 70 | question: What percentage of books borrowed were of a religious nature in England, Germany, and North America?, answer: 1

A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars.

question: What does a higher flight phase result in?, answer: a higher vertical ground reaction force | question: What is vertical ground reaction force?, answer: s external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum | question: What else is an important aspect that affects linear and agular movements?, answer: time the landing takes Gymnasts

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

question: What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?, answer: hunter-gatherer | question: What type of society relies on domestication for producing food?, answer: agricultural | question: What type of plants and animals do agricultural groups harvest?, answer: domesticated species

A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions. It spent $373 million on education in 2009. It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions. The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.

question: what is a key aspect of the gates foundation in the US, answer: A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels | question: What do these efforts include, answer: including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs | question: how much did it spend in 2009, answer: It spent $373 million on education in 2009. | question: It was an early backer of what, answer: The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.

A key component common to all CPUs is the program counter, a special memory cell (a register) that keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from.

question: A special memory cell of a CPU is called what?, answer: a register | question: A register of a CPU keeps track of what?, answer: which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from | question: What is a component that all CPUs have?, answer: the program counter

A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of about 24 hours, circadian rhythms: these activity fluctuations are driven by rhythmic changes in expression of a set of "clock genes". The SCN continues to keep time even if it is excised from the brain and placed in a dish of warm nutrient solution, but it ordinarily receives input from the optic nerves, through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), that allows daily light-dark cycles to calibrate the clock.

question: The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?, answer: suprachiasmatic nucleus | question: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?, answer: the hypothalamus | question: Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?, answer: the suprachiasmatic nucleus | question: The RHT is an abbreviation for what?, answer: retinohypothalamic tract | question: THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what?, answer: the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT

A kickback is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from his or her organization to an organization involved in corrupt bidding. For example, suppose that a politician is in charge of choosing how to spend some public funds. He can give a contract to a company that is not the best bidder, or allocate more than they deserve. In this case, the company benefits, and in exchange for betraying the public, the official receives a kickback payment, which is a portion of the sum the company received. This sum itself may be all or a portion of the difference between the actual (inflated) payment to the company and the (lower) market-based price that would have been paid had the bidding been competitive.

question: What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding?, answer: kickback | question: A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what?, answer: bidder

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

question: What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called?, answer: knot | question: What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it?, answer: strength | question: In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?, answer: longitudinally | question: Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?, answer: darker | question: The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?, answer: 90

A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents a month of 31 days, and a space represents a short month (a 28- or 29-day February or any 30-day month). The junction between the hands is not counted, so the two index knuckles represent July and August.

question: Why would a knuckle -space count be used to determine months?, answer: language-independent | question: A knuckle count is a month of how many days?, answer: 31 | question: The space between knuckles is what kind of month?, answer: short month | question: What are held together for a knuckle-space month count?, answer: one's two fists

A large Russian assault on the allied supply base to the southeast, at Balaclava was rebuffed on 25 October 1854.:521–527 The Battle of Balaclava is remembered in the UK for the actions of two British units. At the start of the battle, a large body of Russian cavalry charged the 93rd Highlanders, who were posted north of the village of Kadikoi. Commanding them was Sir Colin Campbell. Rather than 'form square', the traditional method of repelling cavalry, Campbell took the risky decision to have his Highlanders form a single line, two men deep. Campbell had seen the effectiveness of the new Minie rifles, with which his troops were armed, at the Battle of the Alma a month before, and was confident his men could beat back the Russians. His tactics succeeded. From up on the ridge to the west, Times correspondent William Howard Russell saw the Highlanders as a 'thin red streak topped with steel', a phrase which soon became the 'Thin Red Line.'

question: Who did the Russians attack at the beginning off the Battle of Balaclava?, answer: 93rd Highlanders | question: Near what village were the 93rd Highlanders posted at?, answer: Kadikoi | question: What risky maneuver did Sir Colin Campbell have the 93rd Highlanders form?, answer: a single line, two men deep | question: Who led the 93rd Highlanders?, answer: Sir Colin Campbell | question: What weapon did Sir Colin Campbell troops use during the Battle of Alma?, answer: Minie rifles

A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area. Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated. The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station.

question: What is the name of the large shopping center, answer: Hoog Catharijne | question: how are the shopping center corridors treated, answer: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night | question: What is being recreated, answer: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated | question: what is located on the west side of the rail station, answer: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station

A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing.

question: What are Bell's personal papers known as?, answer: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers | question: In what part of the Library of Congress are Bell's papers kept?, answer: Manuscript Division | question: Apart from in person, how can one look at many of Bell's papers?, answer: online | question: In what university is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute?, answer: Cape Breton University | question: In what province is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute located?, answer: Nova Scotia

A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.

question: How long has Switzerland hosted the United Nations Human Rights Council?, answer: since 2006 | question: What is the second biggest centre for the U.N.?, answer: Palace of Nations in Geneva | question: Where did the Red Crescent Movement begin?, answer: Geneva | question: Where is the League of Nations located?, answer: Switzerland

A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages.

question: Where did a large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training?, answer: university departments named for the Near East | question: What is the meaning of Near East in numerous establishments and publications?, answer: Middle East | question: What is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East?, answer: Expertise on the modern Middle East | question: What includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian?, answer: Near Eastern Languages

A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rotation literally for years in some cases, does not appear necessarily to be facing similar pressures to expand its format. Soft AC includes a larger amount of older music, especially classic R&B, soul, and 1960s and 1970s music, than hot AC.

question: Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?, answer: raising children | question: Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?, answer: 1960s and 1970s | question: Along with classic R&B, what genre is notably featured on soft AC stations?, answer: soul | question: What radio station format is soft AC often contrasted with?, answer: hot AC

A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham ("the Grammarian"). This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the "classical" form of Old English. It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language.

question: Who was known by the nickname "the Grammarian"?, answer: Ælfric of Eynsham | question: What churchman was influential in the development of the Winchester standard?, answer: Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester | question: In what century did the Winchester standard arise?, answer: 10th | question: What is another term for the Winchester standard?, answer: Late West Saxon | question: What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language?, answer: the Norman Conquest

A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. However, unemployment, which currently stands at around 15%, still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakh conflict.

question: What is the unemployment rate in Armenia?, answer: 15% | question: To what does Armenia attribute it's high unemployment rate?, answer: refugees from the Karabakh conflict | question: When did Armenia establish a foreign investment law?, answer: June 1994 | question: When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation?, answer: 1997

A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to use a traditional linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative, or the choice of literary genre, are all examples of literary technique. They may indicate to a reader that there is a familiar structure and presentation to a work, such as a conventional murder-mystery novel; or, the author may choose to experiment with their technique to surprise the reader.

question: Literary devices are employed for what reason?, answer: produce specific effects | question: What is one form of narration in literature?, answer: first-person | question: What are two types of narrative structure in literature?, answer: linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative | question: Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?, answer: to surprise the reader | question: In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?, answer: a conventional murder-mystery novel

A literature compendium for a large variety of audio coding systems was published in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), February 1988. While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual (i.e. masking) techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding. Several of these papers remarked on the difficulty of obtaining good, clean digital audio for research purposes. Most, if not all, of the authors in the JSAC edition were also active in the MPEG-1 Audio committee.

question: What was published in the IEEE Journal in 1988?, answer: literature compendium | question: What did the literature compendium document?, answer: finished, working audio coders | question: Where were most of the authors in the JSAC edition?, answer: MPEG-1 Audio committee

A loblolly pine, known as the "Eisenhower Pine", was located on Augusta's 17th hole, approximately 210 yards (192 m) from the Masters tee. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request. The tree was removed in February 2014 after an ice storm caused it significant damage.

question: At what Augusta hole was the Eisenhower Pine located?, answer: 17th | question: How many meters away from the Masters tee on Augusta's 17th was the Eisenhower Pine?, answer: 192 | question: What did Eisenhower want to be done to the Eisenhower Pine?, answer: cut down | question: What damaged the Eisenhower Pine in February 2014?, answer: ice storm | question: In what year did Eisenhower propose that the pine tree named after him be removed?, answer: 1956

A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena.

question: What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?, answer: New Zealand | question: What island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922?, answer: Ascension Island | question: What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?, answer: Wideawake airport | question: What year was Wideawake Airport built?, answer: 1942

A local pioneer of folk song collection in the first half of the 19th century was Shakespearean scholar James Orchard Halliwell, but it was not until the second folk revival in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county, including industrial folk song, began to gain attention. The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in Ewan MacColl, but also a local champion in Harry Boardman, who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county. Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group The Spinners, and from Manchester folk troubadour Roy Harper and musician, comedian and broadcaster Mike Harding. The region is home to numerous folk clubs, many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music. Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood.

question: Who was a local pioneer of folk song collection?, answer: James Orchard Halliwell | question: Who did the most to popularize folk songs of the county?, answer: Harry Boardman | question: Who were the most influential fold artists from the region in the 20th century?, answer: The Spinners | question: Who do the many folk clubs today cater to?, answer: Irish and Scottish folk music | question: What is one of the regular folk festivals called?, answer: Fylde Folk Festival

A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as wild dogs, big cats and bears (see Man-eater). However, humans are not solitary creatures; they are social animals with highly developed social behaviors. Early humans, such as Homo erectus, have been using stone tools and weapons for well over a million years. Anatomically modern humans have been apex predators since they first evolved, and many species of carnivorous megafauna actively avoid interacting with humans; the primary environmental competitor for a human is other humans. The one subspecies of carnivorous megafauna that does interact frequently with humans in predatory roles is the domestic dog, but usually as a partner in predation especially if they hunt together. Cannibalism has occurred in various places, among various cultures, and for various reasons. At least a few people, such as the Donner party, are said to have resorted to it in desperation.

question: What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?, answer: speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength | question: For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons?, answer: well over a million years | question: What are humans' primary competitors?, answer: other humans | question: What is one known istance of cannibalism?, answer: the Donner party | question: With what species do humans hunt in partnership?, answer: domestic dog

A long list of AM and FM radio stations broadcast to greater Melbourne. These include "public" (i.e., state-owned ABC and SBS) and community stations. Many commercial stations are networked-owned: DMG has Nova 100 and Smooth; ARN controls Gold 104.3 and KIIS 101.1; and Southern Cross Austereo runs both Fox and Triple M. Stations from towns in regional Victoria may also be heard (e.g. 93.9 Bay FM, Geelong). Youth alternatives include ABC Triple J and youth run SYN. Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R, strive to play under represented music. JOY 94.9 caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender audiences. For fans of classical music there are 3MBS and ABC Classic FM. Light FM is a contemporary Christian station. AM stations include ABC: 774, Radio National, and News Radio; also Fairfax affiliates 3AW (talk) and Magic (easy listening). For sport fans and enthusiasts there is SEN 1116. Melbourne has many community run stations that serve alternative interests, such as 3CR and 3KND (Indigenous). Many suburbs have low powered community run stations serving local audiences.

question: What are examples of Youth radio stations?, answer: ABC Triple J and youth run SYN | question: Which music stations strive to play under represented music?, answer: Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R | question: Which radio station caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender audiences?, answer: JOY 94.9 | question: Which station caters to sports fans and enthusiasts?, answer: SEN 1116 | question: 3MBS and ABC Classic FM play what type of music?, answer: classical

A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books]

question: Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?, answer: depressed | question: Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?, answer: deteriorating | question: What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?, answer: macroeconomic | question: How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?, answer: 233 days or about 33 weeks | question: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?, answer: Suriname

A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party. "We know how to delay," remarked Minority Leader Gephardt Dilatory motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes are standard time-consuming parliamentary tactics. By stalling action on the majority party's agenda, the minority leader may be able to launch a campaign against a "do-nothing Congress" and convince enough voters to put his party back in charge of the House. To be sure, the minority leader recognizes that "going negative" carries risks and may not be a winning strategy if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public.

question: What is the purpose of Obstruction?, answer: frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness | question: How can obstruction be employed?, answer: motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes | question: Is it safe to employ negative strategy?, answer: "going negative" carries risks | question: What may be a risk negative tactic?, answer: if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public

A lot of temples dedicated to Apollo were built in Greece and in the Greek colonies, and they show the spread of the cult of Apollo, and the evolution of the Greek architecture, which was mostly based on the rightness of form, and on mathematical relations. Some of the earliest temples, especially in Crete, don't belong to any Greek order. It seems that the first peripteral temples were rectangle wooden structures. The different wooden elements were considered divine, and their forms were preserved in the marble or stone elements of the temples of Doric order. The Greeks used standard types, because they believed that the world of objects was a series of typical forms which could be represented in several instances. The temples should be canonic, and the architects were trying to achieve the esthetic perfection. From the earliest times there were certain rules strictly observed in rectangular peripteral and prostyle buildings. The first buildings were narrow to hold the roof, and when the dimensions changed, some mathematical relations became necessary, in order to keep the original forms. This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics.

question: What buildings were originally rectangle wood structures?, answer: peripteral temples | question: Why did mathematical relations become necessary?, answer: in order to keep the original forms | question: Why were the first buildings narrow?, answer: to hold the roof | question: Who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was a permanent principle of mathematics?, answer: Pythagoras

A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made to the borders of counties after Estonia became independent, most notably the formation of Valga County (from parts of Võru, Tartu and Viljandi counties) and Petseri County (area acquired from Russia with the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty).

question: What is the largest administrative subdivision in Estonia?, answer: A maakond | question: What is the county government in Estonia called?, answer: Maavalitsus | question: A Maavanem holds what position in Estonia?, answer: county governor | question: Who represents the national government on a local level?, answer: Maavanem

A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations.

question: What is a mailbox provider?, answer: an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes | question: What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains?, answer: A mailbox provider | question: what is the purpose of a mailbox provider?, answer: It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email | question: how does a user store electronic mail?, answer: A mailbox provider

A major battleground, Burma was devastated during World War II. By March 1942, within months after they entered the war, Japanese troops had advanced on Rangoon and the British administration had collapsed. A Burmese Executive Administration headed by Ba Maw was established by the Japanese in August 1942. Wingate's British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders, followed the Chindits into the Burmese jungle in 1943. Beginning in late 1944, allied troops launched a series of offensives that led to the end of Japanese rule in July 1945. The battles were intense with much of Burma laid waste by the fighting. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma. Only 1,700 prisoners were taken.

question: Was Burma effected by the world wars?, answer: Burma was devastated during World War II | question: Did the British protect Burma as its colony during WWII?, answer: the British administration had collapsed | question: Where groups from Burma an advantage to the Allies during WWII?, answer: British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders | question: How many soldiers were lost by the Japanese in Burma during WWII ?, answer: the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma | question: When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma?, answer: the end of Japanese rule in July 1945

A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition." However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility.

question: Who wrote Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences?, answer: Hegel | question: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published?, answer: 1807 | question: What trait did Climacus believe that Hegel suppressed?, answer: individuality | question: Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual?, answer: State | question: What conception of right and wrong did Climacus believe Hegel endorsed?, answer: bourgeois

A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, "[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of "chief danger spots". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone.

question: What was the Truman administration concerned about that was preventing them from getting involved in the Korean conflict?, answer: Soviet reaction | question: What agency approved the use of force in South Korea?, answer: The UN Security Council | question: Why did the US not send in ground troops after the United Nations approved the use of force?, answer: advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power | question: Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread?, answer: Truman | question: What resources did the US devote to South Korea after the Security Council approved engaging in an armed conflict?, answer: air and naval forces

A major feature is the calypso competition. Calypso music, originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics. It offers a medium in which to satirise local politics, amidst the general bacchanal. Calypso tents, also originating in Trinidad, feature cadres of musicians who perform biting social commentaries, political exposés or rousing exhortations to "wuk dah waistline" and "roll dat bumper". The groups compete for the Calypso Monarch Award, while the air is redolent with the smells of Bajan cooking during the Bridgetown Market Street Fair. The Cohobblopot Festival blends dance, drama and music with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands. Every evening the "Pic-o-de-Crop" Show is performed after the King of Calypso is finally crowned. The climax of the festival is Kadooment Day celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with pulsating Barbadian rhythms and fireworks.

question: What type of competition is a major feature of the festival?, answer: calypso | question: Where did Calypso music originate?, answer: Trinidad | question: Who perform biting social commentaries?, answer: musicians | question: What do the musical groups compete for?, answer: the Calypso Monarch Award | question: What is the climax of the festival called?, answer: Kadooment Day

A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands stalled talks on climate change at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, fearing some other developing countries were not committing fully to binding deals on a reduction in carbon emissions. Their chief negotiator stated, "Tuvalu is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change and our future rests on the outcome of this meeting."

question: What crisis is a major concern for Tuvalu at the UN?, answer: global warming | question: In concert with global warming, what is Tuvalu's other envirnmental priority?, answer: sea level rising | question: What agreement does Tuvalu advocate ratification?, answer: Kyoto Protocol | question: What did Tuvalu call for from other nations concerning reduction of carbon emissions?, answer: binding deals | question: What does Tuvalu feel its position to be in climate change?, answer: vulnerable

A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire.

question: Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force?, answer: Hermann Göring | question: What strategy could have worked against the British Empire?, answer: strangle British sea communications | question: What did the Kriegsmarine try to gain control over?, answer: aircraft | question: Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?, answer: the Kriegsmarine

A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival" held annually on 1 October. The most important sports event within the country is arguably the Tuvalu Games, which are held yearly since 2008. Tuvalu first participated in the Pacific Games in 1978 and in the Commonwealth Games in 1998, when a weightlifter attended the games held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two table tennis players attended the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England; Tuvalu entered competitors in shooting, table tennis and weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia; three athletes participated in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, entering the discus, shot put and weightlifting events; and a team of 3 weightlifters and 2 table tennis players attended the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Tuvaluan athletes have also participated in the men's and women's 100 metre sprints at the World Championships in Athletics from 2009.

question: What is a major annual sports event in Tuvalu?, answer: Independence Day Sports Festival | question: What is the most important sports event held on Tuvalu?, answer: Tuvalu Games | question: In what year did Tuvalu first appear in the Commonwealth Games?, answer: 1998 | question: What type of competitor entered the commonwealth Games in 1998?, answer: weightlifter | question: What competitions have Tuvalu athletes entered in the World Championships in Athletics?, answer: 100 metre sprints

A major turning point in the development of DC machines took place in 1864, when Antonio Pacinotti described for the first time the ring armature with its symmetrically grouped coils closed upon themselves and connected to the bars of a commutator, the brushes of which delivered practically non-fluctuating current. The first commercially successful DC motors followed the invention by Zénobe Gramme who, in 1871, reinvented Pacinotti's design. In 1873, Gramme showed that his dynamo could be used as a motor, which he demonstrated to great effect at exhibitions in Vienna and Philadelphia by connecting two such DC motors at a distance of up to 2 km away from each other, one as a generator. (See also 1873 : l'expérience décisive [Decisive Workaround] .)

question: What made Pacinotti's motor an important advancement?, answer: non-fluctuating current | question: Who created a motor similar to Pacinotti?, answer: Zénobe Gramme | question: How far from each other were the motors in Gramme's demonstrations?, answer: 2 km | question: Besides a motor, what did Gramme use the other device for?, answer: generator | question: In what two cities did Gramme conduct his demonstrations?, answer: Vienna and Philadelphia

A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.

question: What country did the mandolin originate from?, answer: Italian | question: What does mandolin translate to?, answer: small mandola | question: What musical family does the mandolin come from?, answer: lute family | question: How is the mandolin usually played?, answer: usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick" | question: How many courses does a mandolin commonly have?, answer: four

A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment. The highest density of breweries in the world, most of them microbreweries, exists in the German Region of Franconia, especially in the district of Upper Franconia, which has about 200 breweries. The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria, Germany, can trace its roots to the year 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world.

question: What is a brewery called that makes a small amount of beer?, answer: microbrewery | question: What would you call a microbrewery that also has a restaurant or a pub?, answer: brewpub | question: In general, how much beer can a microbrewery make and still be classified as a microbrewery?, answer: around 15,000 barrels | question: What city is home to the oldest known brewery in the world that is still active?, answer: Freising | question: What year was The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery first licensed as a brewery?, answer: 1040

A minibus offers a basic service to carry people around Saint Helena, with most services designed to take people into Jamestown for a few hours on weekdays to conduct their business. Car hire is available for visitors.

question: What kind of vehicle offers basic transportation to people in Saint Helena?, answer: A minibus | question: Where does the minibus travel to?, answer: Jamestown | question: On what days does the minibus take people into Jamestown?, answer: weekdays

A minority view is that early seventeenth-century Baptists were influenced by (but not directly connected to) continental Anabaptists. According to this view, the General Baptists shared similarities with Dutch Waterlander Mennonites (one of many Anabaptist groups) including believer's baptism only, religious liberty, separation of church and state, and Arminian views of salvation, predestination and original sin. Representative writers including A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley wrote that among some contemporary Baptist scholars who emphasize the faith of the community over soul liberty, the Anabaptist influence theory is making a comeback.

question: Who was thought to be influenced by continental Anabaptists?, answer: early seventeenth-century Baptists | question: Early seventeenth-century Baptists were thought to be influenced by who?, answer: continental Anabaptists | question: General Baptists shared similarities with who?, answer: Dutch Waterlander Mennonites | question: Who are two representative writers?, answer: A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley | question: What were the Dutch Waterlander Mennonites?, answer: one of many Anabaptist groups

A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H+ 3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays. This charged ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of the planet Jupiter. The ion is relatively stable in the environment of outer space due to the low temperature and density. H+ 3 is one of the most abundant ions in the Universe, and it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Neutral triatomic hydrogen H3 can only exist in an excited form and is unstable. By contrast, the positive hydrogen molecular ion (H+ 2) is a rare molecule in the universe.

question: What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?, answer: protonated molecular hydrogen | question: What generates protonated molecular hydrogen?, answer: ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays | question: On what planet can you find protonated molecular hydrogen?, answer: Jupiter | question: In what way can Neutral triatomic hydrogen exist?, answer: excited form

A molecule of dietary fat typically consists of several fatty acids (containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms), bonded to a glycerol. They are typically found as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to one glycerol backbone). Fats may be classified as saturated or unsaturated depending on the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains bonded to hydrogen atoms, whereas unsaturated fats have some of these carbon atoms double-bonded, so their molecules have relatively fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fatty acid of the same length. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as monounsaturated (one double-bond) or polyunsaturated (many double-bonds). Furthermore, depending on the location of the double-bond in the fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acids are classified as omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat with trans-isomer bonds; these are rare in nature and in foods from natural sources; they are typically created in an industrial process called (partial) hydrogenation. There are nine kilocalories in each gram of fat. Fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid, catalpic acid, eleostearic acid and punicic acid, in addition to providing energy, represent potent immune modulatory molecules.

question: Dietary fat can be said to consist of fatty acids bonded to which molecule?, answer: glycerol | question: How many glycerol backbones does a triglyceride contain?, answer: one | question: What needs to be examined to determine whether a fat can be classified as saturated or unsaturated?, answer: the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved | question: Which element is present that is bonded to all of the carbons in a saturated fat?, answer: hydrogen | question: What kind of fat can a trans fat be categorized as?, answer: unsaturated fat

A month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome after the reform, notes at the bottom that it was signed with papal authorization and by Lilio (Con licentia delli Superiori... et permissu Ant(onii) Lilij). The papal brief was later revoked, on 20 September 1582, because Antonio Lilio proved unable to keep up with the demand for copies.

question: When were the rights to publish the calendar granted?, answer: 3 April 1582 | question: Who awarded the rights to publish the calendar?, answer: the pope | question: What problem caused the papal brief granting the right to publish to be withdrawn?, answer: demand for copies | question: When were the rights to print the calendar withdrawn?, answer: 20 September 1582 | question: Where were the first calendars printed?, answer: Rome

A month after the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, several players from Barcelona enlisted in the ranks of those who fought against the military uprising, along with players from Athletic Bilbao. On 6 August, Falangist soldiers near Guadarrama murdered club president Josep Sunyol, a representative of the pro-independence political party. He was dubbed the martyr of barcelonisme, and his murder was a defining moment in the history of FC Barcelona and Catalan identity. In the summer of 1937, the squad was on tour in Mexico and the United States, where it was received as an ambassador of the Second Spanish Republic. The tour led to the financial security of the club, but also resulted in half of the team seeking asylum in Mexico and France, making it harder for the remaining team to contest for trophies.

question: Who was murdered on 6 August, 1936?, answer: Josep Sunyol | question: Besides being club president, what was Sunyol involved in to have caused his murder?, answer: pro-independence political party | question: What was Sunyol called after his death?, answer: martyr | question: What was club Barcelona considered to represent when on tour in 1937?, answer: Second Spanish Republic | question: Where did half of the Barcelona team seek asylum in 1937?, answer: Mexico and France

A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it.

question: How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry?, answer: 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city | question: What large item is abandoned at the Quarry?, answer: a gigantic stele | question: How long ago was the stele abandoned?, answer: 600 years ago | question: Why was the stele abandoned?, answer: it was impossible to move or complete it | question: Who ordered the creation of the stele?, answer: the Yongle Emperor

A more accurate description of the hydrogen atom comes from a purely quantum mechanical treatment that uses the Schrödinger equation, Dirac equation or even the Feynman path integral formulation to calculate the probability density of the electron around the proton. The most complicated treatments allow for the small effects of special relativity and vacuum polarization. In the quantum mechanical treatment, the electron in a ground state hydrogen atom has no angular momentum at all—an illustration of how the "planetary orbit" conception of electron motion differs from reality.

question: What kind of movement does the electron not have in ground state?, answer: angular

A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.

question: What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?, answer: rhythmic oldies | question: What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?, answer: 1960s | question: What is the most recent decade music from which music can be heard on a rhythmic oldies station?, answer: 1990s | question: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?, answer: African-Americans

A more recent study by science historian John van Wyhe has determined that the idea that Darwin delayed publication only dates back to the 1940s, and Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable. Darwin always finished one book before starting another. While he was researching, he told many people about his interest in transmutation without causing outrage. He firmly intended to publish, but it was not until September 1854 that he could work on it full-time. His estimate that writing his "big book" would take five years was optimistic.

question: What did Darwin's contemporaries think of the long delays on his publishing?, answer: Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable | question: What was Darwin's process on writing his books?, answer: Darwin always finished one book before starting another | question: What was Darwin's original estimate for the amount of time his book would take to write?, answer: five years | question: Which scientist's study theorized that the idea of Darwin's work being delayed dates to the 1940s?, answer: John van Wyhe

A more sophisticated MP3 encoder can produce variable bitrate audio. MPEG audio may use bitrate switching on a per-frame basis, but only layer III decoders must support it. VBR is used when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality. The final file size of a VBR encoding is less predictable than with constant bitrate. Average bitrate is VBR implemented as a compromise between the two: the bitrate is allowed to vary for more consistent quality, but is controlled to remain near an average value chosen by the user, for predictable file sizes. Although an MP3 decoder must support VBR to be standards compliant, historically some decoders have bugs with VBR decoding, particularly before VBR encoders became widespread.

question: What kind of audio can a sophisticated MP3 encoder produce?, answer: variable bitrate audio | question: Which type of decoder must support bitrate switching on a per-frame basis?, answer: layer III | question: What do encoders use when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality?, answer: VBR | question: Using VBR instead of a constant bit rate encoding makes which part of encoding less predictable?, answer: final file size | question: An average bit rate is used when who choses an average value for the encoder to use?, answer: the user

A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.

question: What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?, answer: permanent daylight saving time | question: Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?, answer: time shifts | question: In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?, answer: late | question: During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?, answer: 2011 to 2014 | question: In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?, answer: winter

A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as "congenital insensitivity to pain". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others have a reduced life expectancy.[citation needed] Most people with congenital insensitivity to pain have one of five hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (which includes familial dysautonomia and congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis). These conditions feature decreased sensitivity to pain together with other neurological abnormalities, particularly of the autonomic nervous system. A very rare syndrome with isolated congenital insensitivity to pain has been linked with mutations in the SCN9A gene, which codes for a sodium channel (Nav1.7) necessary in conducting pain nerve stimuli.

question: An abnormality of the nervous system can render a small number of people insensitive to what?, answer: pain | question: What is it known as when someone is born without being able to feel pain because of their nervous system?, answer: congenital insensitivity to pain | question: What happens to children with congenital insensitivity to pain?, answer: repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles | question: What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain?, answer: reduced | question: What gene is responsible for coding for a sodium channel necessary for conducting pain nerve stimuli?, answer: SCN9A

A multilateral treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another.

question: What is a treaty concluded among several countries?, answer: A multilateral treaty | question: Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations?, answer: each party and every other party | question: The Treaty of Locarno guarantees each signatory against what from another signatory?, answer: attack | question: What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee?, answer: international compacts | question: Multilateral treaties are often entered into by countries that share the same what?, answer: region

A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks. In World War II, Adolf Hitler kept a base of operation in the Bavarian Alps throughout the war.

question: How old was the mummified man discovered at the Austrian-Italian bored?, answer: 5,000 years old | question: What culture was well established by the 6th Century BC?, answer: the Celtic La Tène culture | question: Who famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants?, answer: Hannibal | question: What person took an army of 40,000 across the mountain passes?, answer: Napoleon | question: Where was Adolf Hitlers base of operation during World War 2?, answer: Bavarian Alps

A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.

question: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?, answer: A narthex | question: When was the narthex designed?, answer: mid-20th century | question: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?, answer: Yevele

A national university is generally a university created or run by a national state but at the same time represents a state autonomic institution which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state. Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, for instance the National University of Ireland in the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information on the Irish language and Irish culture. Reforms in Argentina were the result of the University Revolution of 1918 and its posterior reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system.

question: What was a focus of the National University of Ireland during the beginning of Irish Independence?, answer: Irish language and Irish culture | question: In what nation did the University Revolution occur?, answer: Argentina | question: In what year did Argentina's University Revolution occur?, answer: 1918 | question: What was the result of the University Revolution in Argentina?, answer: Reforms

A necessary condition for the aforementioned reciprocity property is that the materials in the antenna and transmission medium are linear and reciprocal. Reciprocal (or bilateral) means that the material has the same response to an electric current or magnetic field in one direction, as it has to the field or current in the opposite direction. Most materials used in antennas meet these conditions, but some microwave antennas use high-tech components such as isolators and circulators, made of nonreciprocal materials such as ferrite. These can be used to give the antenna a different behavior on receiving than it has on transmitting, which can be useful in applications like radar.

question: What must be true of the antenna and transmission medium for the repiprocity rule to apply ?, answer: linear and reciprocal | question: What is one material that does not have this quality?, answer: ferrite | question: How can the lack of this quality be used in an everyday way?, answer: radar | question: What is called when the direction of the elctrical current does not make a difference to the current?, answer: Reciprocal

A new Digimon series was announced 30 months after the end of Digimon Fusion at a 15th anniversary concert and theater event for the franchise in August 2014. The series announced the return of the protagonists from the original Digimon Adventure series, most of them now as high school students. A countdown clicking game was posted on the show's official website, offering news when specific clicks were met. On December 13, 2014 the series title and a key visual featuring character designs by Atsuya Uki were revealed with Keitaro Motonaga announced as director with a tentative premiere date of Spring, 2015. However, on May 6, 2015, it was announced that tri. would not be a television series, but rather a 6-part theatrical film series. The films are being streamed in episodic format outside Japan by Crunchyroll and Hulu from the same day they premiere on Japanese theaters.

question: How long after Digimon Fusion was a new series announced?, answer: 30 months | question: When was the 15th year anniversary held for Digimon?, answer: August 2014 | question: Rather than a TV series, What kind of series would the Digimon become?, answer: 6-part theatrical film series | question: Where are you able to watch the new series when it is released?, answer: Crunchyroll and Hulu

A new approach to avoiding overhead wires is taken by the "second generation" tram/streetcar system in Bordeaux, France (entry into service of the first line in December 2003; original system discontinued in 1958) with its APS (alimentation par sol – ground current feed). This involves a third rail which is flush with the surface like the tops of the running rails. The circuit is divided into segments with each segment energized in turn by sensors from the car as it passes over it, the remainder of the third rail remaining "dead". Since each energized segment is completely covered by the lengthy articulated cars, and goes dead before being "uncovered" by the passage of the vehicle, there is no danger to pedestrians. This system has also been adopted in some sections of the new tram systems in Reims, France (opened 2011) and Angers, France (also opened 2011). Proposals are in place for a number of other new services including Dubai, UAE; Barcelona, Spain; Florence, Italy; Marseille, France; Gold Coast, Australia; Washington, D.C., U.S.A.; Brasília, Brazil and Tours, France.

question: What year the "second generation" of tram system began to operate in France?, answer: 2003 | question: When was the original system discontinued?, answer: 1958 | question: How is the circuit of the third rail divided?, answer: energized segment | question: Does energized segment of third rail pose the threat to pedestrians if uncovered?, answer: no danger

A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.

question: What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?, answer: new delimitation of the federal territory | question: What have experts advocated in regards to delimitation?, answer: a reduction of the number of states | question: What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers?, answer: Territorial reform

A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He summarizes the main arguments for boundary reform in Germany: "... the German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation and pay for it from own source revenues. Too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated ...". But several proposals have failed so far; territorial reform remains a controversial topic in German politics and public perception.

question: What keeps being debated in Germany?, answer: delimitation of the federal territory | question: What does Gunlick remark that the German System of dual federalism requires strong Länder to have other than the capacity to implement legislation?, answer: pay for it from own source revenues | question: How many proposals have failed so far?, answer: several

A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after listening to the entire text. Henry decided that "the repetition of so grievous a Story and the recital of so infamous a crime" in his presence "might reopen a Wound already closing in the Royal Bosom". Therefore, parliament inserted a clause into the Act of Attainder, providing that assent granted by Commissioners "is and ever was and ever shall be, as good" as assent granted by the sovereign personally. The procedure was used only five times during the 16th century, but more often during the 17th and 18th centuries, especially when George III's health began to deteriorate. Queen Victoria became the last monarch to personally grant assent in 1854.

question: Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife?, answer: committing adultery | question: What was Henry VIII trying to avoid by creating a new procedure for granting assent?, answer: listening to the entire text | question: How many times in the 16th century was assent granted by Commissioners?, answer: five | question: Who was the last monarch to grant assent personally?, answer: Queen Victoria

A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open "superclubs" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard "Humpty" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered "ahead of their time" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century.

question: where was a new type of club called Cream located?, answer: Liverpool | question: what was a new subgenre of house in chicago, developed by bad boy bill and others, called?, answer: Chicago hard house | question: george centeno, darren ramirez, and martin o. cairo developed a hard house sound in what city?, answer: Los Angeles | question: what was another name for hardcore techno from the netherlands?, answer: gabber | question: who began opening "superclubs"?, answer: Major record companies

A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President, proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections, Djotodia signed a decree on 6 April for the formation of a council that would act as a transitional parliament. The council was tasked with electing a president to serve prior to elections in 18 months.

question: When was the new Government seated in CAR?, answer: 31 March 2013 | question: What did the former opposition parties declare?, answer: boycott the government | question: Who was refused as new president?, answer: Djotodia | question: Who would rule the country temporarily?, answer: a transitional parliament | question: How long did the parliament have until the next election?, answer: 18 months

A new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 and 1779. This book of engraved designs made the Adam repertory available throughout Europe. The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses. The Works in Architecture illustrated the main buildings the Adam brothers had worked on and crucially documented the interiors, furniture and fittings, designed by the Adams.

question: Who began the new phase of neoclassical design?, answer: Robert and James Adam | question: Where were the inspirations for the new phase of neoclassicism centered?, answer: Italy and Dalmatia | question: What book outlines the new trends of neoclassicism in this phase?, answer: The Works in Architecture | question: During the later 18th century the trend of neoclassic design attempted to simplify what styles?, answer: rococo and baroque styles | question: This new style was an attempt to give what different feel to design?, answer: lighter and more elegant feel

A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted. It is predicted that by 2020, 40% of all GaN LEDs will be made with GaN-on-Si. Manufacturing large sapphire material is difficult, while large silicon material is cheaper and more abundant. LED companies shifting from using sapphire to silicon should be a minimal investment.

question: What is being used to produce white LEDs?, answer: wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon | question: What size are the wafers used to create white LEDs?, answer: 200-mm | question: By using silicon wafers, what is being avoided?, answer: costly sapphire substrate | question: What needs to be used to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted?, answer: mirror-like collector | question: By what year will% of all GaN LEDs be made with gallium-nitride-on-silicon wafers?, answer: 2020

A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain "purification".

question: Who was Apollo's mother?, answer: Leto | question: What origin was Leto?, answer: Lydian | question: Where was Leto worshipped?, answer: Asia Minor | question: What is the origin of Sibyl?, answer: Anatolia

A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit or dividends. This is known as the distribution constraint. The decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on.

question: What is the purpose of an NPO?, answer: A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. | question: What does an NPO do with it's surplus income?, answer: In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission | question: What is the constraint's upon an NPO's financial distributions called?, answer: the distribution constraint | question: What is the definition of a non-profit organization?, answer: purposes are other than making a profit | question: What is an NPO also known as?, answer: non-business entity | question: What is the purpose of an NPO?, answer: furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view | question: What does a non-profit do with the money it takes in, instead of using it for a profit?, answer: further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit | question: What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should?, answer: distribution constraint

A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.

question: What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?, answer: institutional support | question: What language is Scouse a dialect of?, answer: English | question: What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects?, answer: The Dialect Test | question: Who came up with the Dialect Test?, answer: Joseph Wright | question: Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess?, answer: vocabulary

A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life."

question: What is Adrian Moreira's job title?, answer: senior vice president for adult music | question: For what company does Adrian Moreira work?, answer: RCA Music Group | question: Who wrote, "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life"?, answer: Corey Moss | question: Where was Corey Moss' article published?, answer: MTV's website | question: When do adult contemporary stations begin to play Top 40 songs?, answer: after the hits had become established

A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they believed to be miraculous moves of God there. These Pentecost-like manifestations have steadily been in evidence throughout the history, such as seen in the two Great Awakenings. Pentecostalism, which in turn birthed the Charismatic movement within already established denominations, continues to be an important force in Western Christianity.

question: What modern movement began in the 20th century?, answer: the modern Pentecostal movement | question: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement?, answer: Methodist and Wesleyan | question: What movement did Pentecostalism create?, answer: the Charismatic movement | question: In what city did the modern Pentecostal movement begin?, answer: Los Angeles | question: What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement?, answer: urban

A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and changed the marketing plan, instituting fixed prices and guarantees that allowed exchanges and refunds, advertising, and a much wider variety of merchandise. The annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860. In 1869 he built much larger building at 24 rue de Sèvres on the Left Bank, and enlarged the store again in 1872, with help from the engineering firm of Gustave Eiffel, creator of the Eiffel Tower. The income rose from twenty million francs in 1870 to 72 million at the time of the Boucicaut's death in 1877. The floor space had increased from three hundred square meters in 1838 to fifty thousand, and the number of employees had increased from twelve in 1838 to 1788 in 1879. Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped; extensive newspaper advertising; entertainment for children; and six million catalogs sent out to customers. By 1880 half the employees were women; unmarried women employees lived in dormitories on the upper floors.

question: What store was founded in Paris, in 1838, which sold a wide variety of products?, answer: Au Bon Marché | question: Who became a partner to this store in 1852 and drastically changed operations?, answer: Aristide Boucicaut | question: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche after these changes?, answer: increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860 | question: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1872, answer: Gustave Eiffel | question: What was Boucicaut most widely known for?, answer: marketing innovations

A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge '81, 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins '51,[citation needed] three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić '73, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette '11, currently with the New York Knicks organization. BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters.

question: Which three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer graduated from BYU?, answer: Krešimir Ćosić | question: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU?, answer: Ty Detmer | question: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU?, answer: Jim McMahon | question: Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU?, answer: Mike Weir | question: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open?, answer: Johnny Miller

A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International.

question: What congresses were held in Bern?, answer: First and Second Internationals | question: In World War I, what side was Switzerland on?, answer: Switzerland was neutral

A number of decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night. They were designed to mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets. One, on the radio beam flight path to Bristol, was constructed on Beacon Batch. It was laid out by Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights, simulating activities like the stoking of steam locomotives. Burning bales of straw soaked in creosote were used to simulate the effects of incendiary bombs dropped by the first wave of Pathfinder night bombers; meanwhile, incendiary bombs dropped on the correct location were quickly smothered, wherever possible. Drums of oil were also ignited to simulate the effect of a blazing city or town, with the aim of fooling subsequent waves of bombers into dropping their bombs on the wrong location. The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941. The following night the Uphill decoy town, protecting Weston-super-Mare's airfield, was bombed; a herd of dairy cows was hit, killing some and severely injuring others.

question: Why were decoy towns used in WW2, answer: decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night | question: What did the decoy towns mimic, answer: mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets | question: Who layed out Beacon Batch, answer: Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights | question: What decoy city was hit, answer: The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941

A number of events in 2006 pushed renewable energy up the political agenda, including the US mid-term elections in November, which confirmed clean energy as a mainstream issue. Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need not be incompatible with cutting energy consumption. According to a trend analysis from the United Nations Environment Programme, climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices and increasing government support are driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries.

question: What made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies?, answer: Stern Review | question: In what year did a number of events push renewable energy up the political agenda?, answer: 2006 | question: What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?, answer: climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices

A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relatively small studies. However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use

question: What drug in the running to treat multi drug resistant TB has already gotten FDA approval?, answer: Bedaquiline | question: What year did the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve bedaquiline?, answer: 2012 | question: Despite FDA approval, how much more likely to die are patients who take bedaquiline in addition to the standard TB regimen?, answer: five times | question: Opposition to the use of bedaquiline think what providers were influenced by a connection with the drug company?, answer: physicians | question: What type of publication has put out articles questioning bedaquiline's safety?, answer: medical journal

A number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain in some conditions, though the number of patients enrolled in the studies was low, bringing up issues of power to detect group differences, and most lacked credible controls for placebo and/or expectation. The authors concluded that "although the findings provide support for the general applicability of hypnosis in the treatment of chronic pain, considerably more research will be needed to fully determine the effects of hypnosis for different chronic-pain conditions."

question: Clinical hypnosis may be effective in doing what with pain associated with surgical procedures in adults and children?, answer: controlling | question: How many studies in 2007 found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain?, answer: 13 | question: What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack?, answer: credible controls for placebo and/or expectation | question: What is considerable more research needed to determine for different chronic pain conditions?, answer: effects of hypnosis

A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland.

question: When was the earliest Presbyterian churches founded by Scotland in England?, answer: 19th century | question: In what year during the Presbyterian movement in England was referred to as the "Disruption"?, answer: 1843

A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the sun. The role of Apollo as god of plague is evident in the invocation of Apollo Smintheus ("mouse Apollo") by Chryses, the Trojan priest of Apollo, with the purpose of sending a plague against the Greeks (the reasoning behind a god of the plague becoming a god of healing is of course apotropaic, meaning that the god responsible for bringing the plague must be appeased in order to remove the plague).

question: Who is a god of plague?, answer: Aplu | question: What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil?, answer: the son of Enlil | question: What title was given to the god Nergal?, answer: Akkadian Aplu Enlil | question: Who was the Trojan priest of Apollo?, answer: Chryses

A number of novel ideas about religion developed with the Enlightenment, including Deism and talk of atheism. Deism, according to Thomas Paine, is the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source. Instead, the Deist relies solely on personal reason to guide his creed, which was eminently agreeable to many thinkers of the time. Atheism was much discussed, but there were few proponents. Wilson and Reill note that, "In fact, very few enlightened intellectuals, even when they were vocal critics of Christianity, were true atheists. Rather, they were critics of orthodox belief, wedded rather to skepticism, deism, vitalism, or perhaps pantheism." Some followed Pierre Bayle and argued that atheists could indeed be moral men. Many others like Voltaire held that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined. That is, since atheists gave themselves to no Supreme Authority and no law, and had no fear of eternal consequences, they were far more likely to disrupt society. Bayle (1647–1706) observed that in his day, "prudent persons will always maintain an appearance of [religion].". He believed that even atheists could hold concepts of honor and go beyond their own self-interest to create and interact in society. Locke said that if there were no God and no divine law, the result would be moral anarchy: every individual "could have no law but his own will, no end but himself. He would be a god to himself, and the satisfaction of his own will the sole measure and end of all his actions".

question: According to Thomas Paine, what is the definition of Deism?, answer: the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source | question: Which philosopher argued that atheists could indeed be moral men?, answer: Pierre Bayle | question: Which philosopher argued that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined?, answer: Voltaire | question: Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?, answer: Voltaire

A number of other health conditions occur more frequently in those with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea. Psychological disorders are also more common, with anxiety disorders occurring in between 16–52% and mood disorders in 14–41%. However, it is not known if asthma causes psychological problems or if psychological problems lead to asthma. Those with asthma, especially if it is poorly controlled, are at high risk for radiocontrast reactions.

question: Do other health concerns happen less frequently or more frequently with asthma?, answer: more frequently | question: What are three of the other health conditions that occur more frequently with asthma?, answer: gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea | question: What other type of disorders are frequent in asthma sufferers?, answer: Psychological disorders | question: What are those with asthma that is poorly controll more susceptable to?, answer: radiocontrast reactions

A number of parties have collected survey data, from the public and from experts, to try and gauge the level of corruption and bribery, as well as its impact on political and economic outcomes. A second wave of corruption metrics has been created by Global Integrity, the International Budget Partnership, and many lesser known local groups. These metrics include the Global Integrity Index, first published in 2004. These second wave projects aim to create policy change by identifying resources more effectively and creating checklists toward incremental reform. Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate "the opposite of corruption" – which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption. These approaches compliment the first wave, awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance.

question: A second set of corruption metrics has been compiled by Global Integrity and what other organization?, answer: International Budget Partnership | question: When was the Global Integrity Index first published?, answer: 2004 | question: Both companies no longer use what means of collecting of data?, answer: public surveys | question: Instead of public surveys, the organizations use what to study corruption?, answer: in-country experts

A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.

question: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?, answer: substitutes | question: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games?, answer: three | question: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games?, answer: individual football associations

A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire, holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England, as it is an 11th-century structure on an 8th-century site. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the "oldest inn in England". It has a claimed date of 1189, based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse; the present building dates from around 1650. Likewise, The Nags Head in Burntwood, Staffordshire only dates back to the 16th century, but there has been a pub on the site since at least 1086, as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book.

question: What pub holds the Guinness World Record as the oldest in England?, answer: Ye Olde Fighting Cocks | question: In what century was the building occupied by Ye Olde Fighting Cocks built?, answer: 11th | question: Where is Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem located?, answer: Nottingham | question: When does Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem claim to have been founded?, answer: 1189 | question: When was a pub documented as existing on the current site of the Nags Head?, answer: 1086

A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (475–518), a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang. The period of division ended when the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town.

question: What has survived in Nanjing's suburbs?, answer: A number of sculptural ensembles | question: In what district are these sculptural pieces located?, answer: Qixia and Jiangning District | question: Which piece is the best, in terms of preservation condition?, answer: the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu | question: Who was Xiao Xiu?, answer: a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang | question: When did Xiao Xiu live?, answer: 475–518

A number of special controllers designed for use with specific games were released for the system, though very few such devices proved particularly popular. Such devices included, but were not limited to, the Zapper (a light gun), the R.O.B., and the Power Pad. The original Famicom featured a deepened DA-15 expansion port on the front of the unit, which was used to connect most auxiliary devices. On the NES, these special controllers were generally connected to one of the two control ports on the front of the console.

question: What was the light gun controller called?, answer: Zapper | question: What was the name of the auxiliary port used to connect additional devices on the Famicom?, answer: DA-15 | question: How were the special controllers connected to the NES?, answer: control ports on the front