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A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective studying. It is also relevant in social cognition, resulting in increased introspection, self-consciousness, and intellectualization (in the sense of thought about one's own thoughts, rather than the Freudian definition as a defense mechanism). Adolescents are much better able than children to understand that people do not have complete control over their mental activity. Being able to introspect may lead to two forms of adolescent egocentrism, which results in two distinct problems in thinking: the imaginary audience and the personal fable. These likely peak at age fifteen, along with self-consciousness in general.

question: What is the term used to describe thinking about thinking itself?, answer: metacognition | question: Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts?, answer: Adolescents | question: The imaginary audience and personal fable peak at what age?, answer: fifteen | question: At what age does self-consciousness in general peak?, answer: fifteen

A third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time, although much less represented, argues that the laws are not time-reversal symmetric. For example, certain processes in quantum mechanics, relating to the weak nuclear force, are not time-reversible, keeping in mind that when dealing with quantum mechanics time-reversibility comprises a more complex definition. But this type of solution is insufficient because 1) the time-asymmetric phenomena in quantum mechanics are too few to account for the uniformity of macroscopic time-asymmetry and 2) it relies on the assumption that quantum mechanics is the final or correct description of physical processes.[citation needed]

question: What does the third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time argue?, answer: the laws are not time-reversal symmetric | question: What is are kind of nuclear force is not time-reversibile?, answer: weak nuclear force | question: Time asymmetric phenomena in quantum mechanics are to few to account what kind of time-asymmetry?, answer: macroscopic

A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. It is a period of multiple transitions involving education, training, employment and unemployment, as well as transitions from one living circumstance to another.

question: Adolescene is viewed as what?, answer: a transitional period between childhood and adulthood | question: A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on what?, answer: information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. | question: What is the purpose of adolescence?, answer: preparation of children for adult roles. | question: What is the cultural purpose of adolescence?, answer: preparation of children for adult roles | question: What is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood viewed as?, answer: adolescence | question: Is adolescence a period of one transition or multiple transitions?, answer: multiple transitions | question: What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances?, answer: education, training, employment and unemployment

A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald received the western Frankish lands, comprising most of modern-day France. Charlemagne's grandsons and great-grandsons divided their kingdoms between their descendants, eventually causing all internal cohesion to be lost.[N] In 987 the Carolingian dynasty was replaced in the western lands, with the crowning of Hugh Capet (r. 987–996) as king.[O][P] In the eastern lands the dynasty had died out earlier, in 911, with the death of Louis the Child, and the selection of the unrelated Conrad I (r. 911–918) as king.

question: How many years did the civil war after the death of Louis the Pious last?, answer: three | question: Between what two rivers did Lothair receive a kingdom?, answer: the Rhine and Rhone | question: In what modern country were Louis the German's lands?, answer: Germany | question: In what modern country were Charles the Bald's lands?, answer: France | question: When did Louis the Child die?, answer: 911

A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware clones emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo never issued a legitimate version of the console. In particular, the Dendy (Russian: Де́нди), an unlicensed hardware clone produced in Taiwan and sold in the former Soviet Union, emerged as the most popular video game console of its time in that setting and it enjoyed a degree of fame roughly equivalent to that experienced by the NES/Famicom in North America and Japan. A Famicom clone was marketed in Argentina under the name of "Family Game", resembling the original hardware design. The Micro Genius (Simplified Chinese: 小天才) was marketed in Southeast Asia as an alternative to the Famicom; Samurai was the popular PAL alternative to the NES; and in Central Europe, especially Poland, the Pegasus was available. Samurai was also available in India in early 90s which was the first instance of console gaming in India.

question: What was the name of the NES clone produced in Taiwan?, answer: Dendy | question: Where was the Dendy sold?, answer: Soviet Union | question: Which country marketed a clone called "Family Game?", answer: Argentina | question: What was the name of the clone in Poland?, answer: Pegasus | question: India's first gaming console was also a clone, called what?, answer: Samurai

A tile mosaic is a digital image made up of individual tiles, arranged in a non-overlapping fashion, e.g. to make a static image on a shower room or bathing pool floor, by breaking the image down into square pixels formed from ceramic tiles (a typical size is 1 in × 1 in (25 mm × 25 mm), as for example, on the floor of the University of Toronto pool, though sometimes larger tiles such as 2 in × 2 in (51 mm × 51 mm) are used). These digital images are coarse in resolution and often simply express text, such as the depth of the pool in various places, but some such digital images are used to show a sunset or other beach theme.

question: What is the typical size of a ceramic mosaic tile?, answer: 1 in × 1 in | question: What is usually the purpose of a tile mosaic in pools?, answer: express text | question: Where is the most common application of tile mosaics?, answer: on a shower room or bathing pool floor | question: How should the tiles be aligned next to each other?, answer: in a non-overlapping fashion

A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the Ano hitting the ground. Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities.

question: What is the traditional sport on Tuvalu?, answer: kilikiti | question: What is the Tuvalu version of volley ball?, answer: Ano | question: To what sport is kilikiti like?, answer: cricket | question: What group disliked the traditional war-like sports of Tuvalu?, answer: Christian missionaries | question: With what equipment is ano played?, answer: two hard balls

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.

question: What is the use of a transistor?, answer: to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power | question: What is a transistor made of?, answer: semiconductor material | question: Why does a transistor increase a signal?, answer: the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power | question: What is the minimum amount of external connection terminals to call an item a transistor?, answer: three | question: Where are most transistors found?, answer: embedded in integrated circuits

A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.

question: In the early Middle Ages, where could a traveler obtain overnight accommodations?, answer: in monasteries | question: When were the Hostellers of London were granted guild status?, answer: 1446 | question: What name was taken by the Hostellers in 1514?, answer: Worshipful Company of Innholders | question: When did the Hostellers of London become a guild?, answer: 1446 | question: In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?, answer: 1514 | question: Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?, answer: monasteries | question: What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?, answer: pilgrimages

A treaty breach does not automatically suspend or terminate treaty relations, however. It depends on how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it. Sometimes treaties will provide for the seriousness of a breach to be determined by a tribunal or other independent arbiter. An advantage of such an arbiter is that it prevents a party from prematurely and perhaps wrongfully suspending or terminating its own obligations due to another's alleged material breach.

question: What might a tribunal or an arbiter be asked to determine regarding a breach of a treaty?, answer: the seriousness of a breach | question: Using what to determine the seriousness of a breach can prevent a party from prematurely suspending its obligations due to another party's alleged material breach?, answer: a tribunal or other independent arbiter | question: Does a material breach necessarily suspend or terminate treaty relations?, answer: does not | question: What determines whether a breach automatically suspends or terminates treaty relations?, answer: how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it | question: A treaty breach does not necessarily affect treaty relations depending on how serious the other parties view the breach and what other factor?, answer: how they resolve to respond to it

A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same.

question: Who are the actors in international law?, answer: sovereign states and international organizations | question: What is an agreement entered into by actors in international law?, answer: A treaty | question: How are different forms of agreements treated under international law compared to treaties?, answer: equally | question: How would you compare the rules of a treaty and a covenant under international law?, answer: the rules are the same

A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally bind themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships.

question: How are the agreements in a treaty expressed?, answer: in words | question: How are states that enter into a treaty bound?, answer: legally | question: What is an official document which expresses an agreement between two states?, answer: A treaty | question: What is an objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the defined relationships of its parties?, answer: A treaty | question: Who is responsible for the legally-bound obligations of the parties to a treaty?, answer: themselves

A treaty is null and void if it is in violation of a peremptory norm. These norms, unlike other principles of customary law, are recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations. These are limited to such universally accepted prohibitions as those against the aggressive use of force, genocide and other crimes against humanity, piracy, hostilities directed at civilian population, racial discrimination and apartheid, slavery and torture, meaning that no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit such acts.

question: What will a treaty be if it is in violation of a peremptory norm?, answer: null and void | question: What type of norm is recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations?, answer: peremptory norm | question: What is true of acts such as genocide and piracy in regard to treaty law?, answer: no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit such acts | question: What distinguishes peremptory norms from other principles of customary law?, answer: permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations | question: What is an example of a type of universally prohibited action that no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit through a treaty?, answer: genocide

A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are spread nationally. The landlord of a tied pub may be an employee of the brewery—in which case he/she would be a manager of a managed house, or a self-employed tenant who has entered into a lease agreement with a brewery, a condition of which is the legal obligation (trade tie) only to purchase that brewery's beer. The beer selection is mainly limited to beers brewed by that particular company. The Beer Orders, passed in 1989, were aimed at getting tied houses to offer at least one alternative beer, known as a guest beer, from another brewery. This law has now been repealed but while in force it dramatically altered the industry. Some pubs still offer a regularly changing selection of guest beers.

question: What is a notable brewery in Kent that owns hundreds of pubs?, answer: Shepherd Neame | question: What London breweries each own many pubs?, answer: Young's and Fuller's | question: What is an example of a brewer that owns pubs throughout Britain?, answer: Greene King | question: What law required that a pub offer at least one beer from a brewery it wasn't tied to?, answer: The Beer Orders | question: In what year were the Beer Orders passed?, answer: 1989

A true predator can commonly be known as one that kills and eats another living thing. Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them. Predators may hunt actively for prey in pursuit predation, or sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance, as in ambush predators. Some predators kill large prey and dismember or chew it prior to eating it, such as a jaguar or a human; others may eat their (usually much smaller) prey whole, as does a bottlenose dolphin swallowing a fish, or a snake, duck or stork swallowing a frog. Some animals that kill both large and small prey for their size (domestic cats and dogs are prime examples) may do either depending upon the circumstances; either would devour a large insect whole but dismember a rabbit. Some predation entails venom that subdues a prey creature before the predator ingests the prey by killing, which the box jellyfish does, or disabling it, found in the behavior of the cone shell. In some cases, the venom, as in rattlesnakes and some spiders, contributes to the digestion of the prey item even before the predator begins eating. In other cases, the prey organism may die in the mouth or digestive system of the predator. Baleen whales, for example, eat millions of microscopic plankton at once, the prey being broken down well after entering the whale. Seed predation and egg predation are other forms of true predation, as seeds and eggs represent potential organisms. Predators of this classification need not eat prey entirely. For example, some predators cannot digest bones, while others can. Some may eat only part of an organism, as in grazing (see below), but still consistently cause its direct death.

question: What do household animals prey upon?, answer: large and small prey | question: Name an exemplar of an predator that uses digestion to kill and gain nutrients from it's prey., answer: Baleen whales | question: To be classified as a predator, what action must be performed?, answer: harm their prey in some way | question: What requirement must a true predator fulfill?, answer: kills and eats another living thing | question: What is different about a true predator?, answer: Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them | question: All types of predators do what?, answer: harm their prey in some way | question: How do ambush predators hunt?, answer: sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance | question: What do box jellyfish use to hunt their pray?, answer: venom

A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise depending on preference) and performs such skills on all parts of the apparatus. To make the exercise more challenging, gymnasts will often include variations on a typical circling skill by turning (moores and spindles) or by straddling their legs (Flares). Routines end when the gymnast performs a dismount, either by swinging his body over the horse, or landing after a handstand. This requires back muscles to do any sort of skill. From handstands being easy to back or front flips being a little difficult.

question: What does a typical pommel horse exercise consist of?, answer: both single leg and double leg work | question: Single leg skills are found in the form of what normally?, answer: form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels | question: What is the main staple of this event?, answer: Double leg work | question: When does the routine end?, answer: when the gymnast performs a dismount | question: What are two ways that a gymnist dismounts?, answer: by swinging his body over the horse, or landing after a handstand

A typical protein-coding gene is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product.:6.1 In other cases, the RNA molecules are the actual functional products, as in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. Some RNAs known as ribozymes are capable of enzymatic function, and microRNA has a regulatory role. The DNA sequences from which such RNAs are transcribed are known as non-coding RNA genes.

question: What is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product?, answer: A typical protein-coding gene | question: In some cases, what are the actual functional products?, answer: the RNA molecules | question: What sort of synthesis occurs when the RNA molecules are the actual functional products?, answer: the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA | question: What sort of function are ribozymes capable of?, answer: enzymatic function | question: What are the DNA sequences from which ribozymes are transcribed known as?, answer: non-coding RNA genes

A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.

question: What meat does a traditional Eritrean stew consist of?, answer: beef, kid, lamb or fish | question: Which neighbor does Eritrean cuisine strongly resemble?, answer: Ethiopia | question: Why does Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine?, answer: their coastal location | question: How does the texture of Eritrean dishes compare to Ethiopian meals?, answer: lighter | question: What ingredients fo Eritreans tend to use less of than Ethiopians?, answer: seasoned butter and spices

A uniquely Creole tradition is the touloulous. These women wear decorative gowns, gloves, masks and headdresses that cover them completely, making them unrecognisable, even to the colour of their skin. On Friday and Saturday nights of Carnival, touloulou balls are held in so-called universities; in reality, large dance halls that open only at Carnival time. Touloulous get in free, and are even given condoms in the interest of the sexual health of the community. Men attend the balls, but they pay admittance and are not disguised. The touloulous pick their dance partners, who may not refuse. The setup is designed to make it easy for a woman to create a temporary liaison with a man in total anonymity. Undisguised women are not welcomed. By tradition, if such a woman gets up to dance, the orchestra stops playing. Alcohol is served at bars – the disguised women whisper to the men "touloulou thirsty", at which a round of drinks is expected, to be drunk through a straw protect their anonymity.

question: What is a tradition unique to the Creole people?, answer: touloulous | question: Why are Touloulous given free condoms?, answer: in the interest of the sexual health | question: What do men have to do to be allowed into the balls?, answer: pay admittance | question: What are the touloulous' dance partners not allowed to do?, answer: refuse | question: Why do the women drink through a straw?, answer: protect their anonymity

A unit load is defined as 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0, and 150 mA in USB 3.0. A device may draw a maximum of five unit loads from a port in USB 1.x and 2.0 (500 mA), or six unit loads in USB 3.0 (900 mA). There are two types of devices: low-power and high-power. A low-power device (such as a USB HID) draws at most one-unit load, with minimum operating voltage of 4.4 V in USB 2.0, and 4 V in USB 3.0. A high-power device draws, at most, the maximum number of unit loads the standard permits. Every device functions initially as low-power (including high-power functions during their low-power enumeration phases), but may request high-power, and get it if available on the providing bus.

question: What is a unit load defined as?, answer: 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0 | question: How much is a unit load in USB 3.0?, answer: 150 mA | question: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 1. and 2.0 device may draw?, answer: five unit loads | question: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 3.0 device may draw?, answer: six unit loads

A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instruments such as microscopes. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. They provided the intense concentrated light of an arc lamp but were easier to operate. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps.

question: What did an alternate version of the incandescent lamp substitute for a wire filament?, answer: an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode | question: What was a common application for this type of bulb?, answer: scientific instruments such as microscopes | question: When was this style of lamp developed?, answer: 1915 | question: What displaced this style of lamp?, answer: mercury and xenon arc lamps

A variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia’s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour. Due to a large number of children being illegally employed, the Indian government began to take extensive actions to reduce the number of children working, and to focus on the importance of facilitating the proper growth and development of children.

question: How much of the world's child labour does India's workers contribute to?, answer: one-fourth | question: How many Asian child workers are from India?, answer: one-third | question: Did the India goverment take any actions against child labour?, answer: extensive actions to reduce the number of children working, and to focus on the importance of facilitating the proper growth and development of children.

A variety of games for the FDS were released by Nintendo (including some like Super Mario Bros. which had already been released on cartridge) and third party companies such as Konami and Taito. A few unlicensed titles were made as well. However, its limitations became quickly apparent as larger ROM chips were introduced, allowing cartridges with greater than 128k of space. More advanced memory management chips (MMC) soon appeared and the FDS quickly became obsolete. Nintendo also charged developers considerable amounts of money to produce FDS games, and many refused to develop for it, instead continuing to make cartridge titles. Many FDS disks have no dust covers (except in some unlicensed and bootleg variants) and are easily prone to getting dirt on the media. In addition, the drive use a belt which breaks frequently and requires invasive replacement. After only two years, the FDS was discontinued, although vending booths remained in place until 1993 and Nintendo continued to service drives, and to rewrite and offer replacement disks until 2003.

question: Nintendo charged producers hefty sums to make what?, answer: FDS games | question: What did companies do instead of making FDS games?, answer: make cartridge titles | question: Many FDS disks lack what?, answer: dust covers | question: What broke frequently and needed replacement in the machine?, answer: belt | question: How long did Nintendo service drives and offer replacement disks?, answer: 2003

A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.[citation needed]

question: What do a variety of industries benefit from?, answer: hunting | question: Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?, answer: Tanzania | question: Where does the average safari hunter stay in?, answer: tented camps | question: Advocates argue these hunters allow for what type of activities?, answer: anti-poaching | question: What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from?, answer: hunting | question: In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?, answer: Tanzania | question: What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek?, answer: luxury | question: Where does the typical safari hunter hang his hat at night?, answer: in tented camps | question: Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?, answer: remote areas | question: How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?, answer: fifty to one hundred times | question: What does the photo tourist seek?, answer: luxury accommodation | question: Where does a safari hunter usually stay?, answer: tented camps | question: What hunters allow for anti-poaching activities?, answer: Safari hunters

A vertical toolbar known as the charms (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button. The traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the Start screen. The Start button on the taskbar from previous versions of Windows has been converted into a hotspot in the lower-left corner of the screen, which displays a large tooltip displaying a thumbnail of the Start screen. Swiping from the left edge of a touchscreen or clicking in the top-left corner of the screen allows one to switch between apps and Desktop. Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps. Aside from the removal of the Start button and the replacement of the Aero Glass theme with a flatter and solid-colored design, the desktop interface on Windows 8 is similar to that of Windows 7.

question: What is charms?, answer: A vertical toolbar | question: What is the purpose of charms?, answer: provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button | question: How is an active list of apps accessed?, answer: Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down | question: What does swiping from the left edge of the screen do?, answer: allows one to switch between apps and Desktop | question: How is the traditional desktop evironment opened?, answer: via a tile on the Start screen

A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source.

question: If more bandwith is required than is available, a very high resolution source my not be able to transmitted without loss of what?, answer: fidelity | question: The compression used in all HDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high?, answer: distort the received picture | question: A very high resolution source may require more of what?, answer: bandwidth

A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation.

question: How does water vapor inside a light bulb affect lamp darkening?, answer: significantly increase darkening | question: Why does water increase lamp darkening?, answer: The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. | question: What is an example of a substance that is added to light bulbs to reduce this effect?, answer: zirconium | question: How much water is necessary to result in this darkening affect?, answer: The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps

A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint control unit (a centralized distribution and call management system) or by a similar non-centralized multipoint capability embedded in each videoconferencing unit. Again, technology improvements have circumvented traditional definitions by allowing multiple party videoconferencing via web-based applications.

question: What is a video-conference also known as?, answer: videoteleconference | question: What does a video-conference use that allows communication in live situations?, answer: a multipoint control unit | question: What is a multi-point control unit?, answer: call management system | question: How does video-conferencing allow multiple parties to communicate with each other?, answer: web-based applications | question: How many locations can one use videoconferencing for?, answer: two or more

A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications.

question: What is a VISP?, answer: virtual ISP | question: What do VISPs resemble?, answer: mobile virtual network operators | question: What do visps purchase services from?, answer: a wholesale ISP

A watt balance is an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units. From the definition of the conventional watt W90, this gives a measure of the product KJ2RK in SI units, where RK is the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect. If the theoretical treatments of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect are valid, and in particular assuming that RK = h/e2, the measurement of KJ2RK is a direct determination of the Planck constant.

question: What is a watt balance?, answer: an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units | question: What value does RK represent?, answer: the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect | question: If the effects are valid, for RK = n/e2, what is the measurement of KJ2RK equal to?, answer: the Planck constant

A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps. This works both ways across the alps but is more efficient if blowing from the south due to the steeper step for oncoming wind from the south. Valleys running south to north trigger the best effect. The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas. Large alpine areas such as Graubünden remain drier than pre-alpine areas and as in the main valley of the Valais wine grapes are grown there.

question: What is the weather phenomena characterized by an unexpected warm wind bringing low reletive humidity to the northern Alps during rainfall in the southern Alps?, answer: föhn | question: At what time of year can the fohn occur?, answer: all times | question: Where do clouds lose most of their content before getting to the inner alpine valleys?, answer: crossing the mountains | question: What type of grapes are grown in the valley of Valais?, answer: wine | question: During the fohn, from which direction is the blowing wind more efficient?, answer: the south

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources.

question: What do people typically call a web browser?, answer: browser | question: What platform is a browser used on?, answer: World Wide Web | question: What does URL mean?, answer: Uniform Resource Identifier | question: What allows a person to direct their browser to a resource?, answer: Hyperlinks

A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target under the U.N. Security Council resolution. U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said that NATO was "not targeting Gaddafi specifically" but that his command-and-control facilities were legitimate targets—including a facility inside his sprawling Tripoli compound that was hit with airstrikes on 25 April.

question: On what date did NATO kill Gaddafi's son?, answer: 30 April | question: At the time of these events, what was Robert Gates' title?, answer: Secretary of Defense | question: What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons?, answer: NATO | question: What city did NATO bomb on 25 April?, answer: Tripoli

A wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sports can only be practiced on lakes, notably Lake Sevan. Competitively, Armenia has been successful in chess, weightlifting and wrestling at the international level. Armenia is also an active member of the international sports community, with full membership in the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It also hosts the Pan-Armenian Games.

question: Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia?, answer: Lake Sevan | question: What international sports has Armenia done well at?, answer: chess, weightlifting and wrestling | question: What does IIHF stand for?, answer: Ice Hockey Federation | question: Which Games does Armenia hold?, answer: Pan-Armenian Games

A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of "Christianity". For example, Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows:

question: While Christianity is ultimately one belief, a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects?, answer: beliefs and practices

A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono said that women were coerced into brothels run by Japan's wartime military. Other Japanese leaders have apologized, including former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi in 2001. In 2007, then-Prime Minister Shinzō Abe claimed: "The fact is, there is no evidence to prove there was coercion."

question: How many women are believed to have been sexual slaves for the Japenese Army?, answer: 200,000 | question: In 1948, how many Dutch women brought a case to the Batavia Military Tribunal?, answer: 35 | question: In 2001 which Japanese Prime <Minister apologized for the brothels., answer: Junichiro Koizumi | question: In 2007 which Japenese Prime Minister said there was no proof of coercion of women to be sexual slaves?, answer: Shinzō Abe | question: Where were the sexual slave women mostly from?, answer: Korea and China

A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]

question: What is a WISP?, answer: wireless Internet service provider | question: What technology is part of a WISP?, answer: commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment | question: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over?, answer: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands | question: What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on?, answer: wireless networking

A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.

question: What did the working group integrate their ideas with?, answer: filter bank | question: Where was the filter bank taken from?, answer: Layer 2 | question: What did the working group take ideas from?, answer: ASPEC | question: What did the working group eventually create?, answer: MP3 | question: What quality were they hoping to match at 128 kbit/s?, answer: MP2 at 192 kbit/s

A wrestler can win by knockout (sometimes referred to as a referee stoppage) if they do not resort to submission holds, but stills pummels their opponent to the point that they are unconscious or are unable to intelligently defend themselves. To check for a knockout in this manner, a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face; if the wrestler does not react in any way, the referee will award the victory to the other wrestler. If all the active wrestlers in a match are down inside the ring at the same time, the referee will begin a count (usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan). If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. Any participant who stands up in time will end the count for everyone else. In a Last Man Standing match, this form of a knockout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee will count when one or more wrestlers are down, and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count doesn't stop the count for another wrestler who is still down.

question: How does a referee check for a knockout?, answer: a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face | question: What happens if all wrestlers are down?, answer: If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. | question: If all wrestlers are down, how long do they have to rise?, answer: usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan | question: What kind of match has to end in a knockout?, answer: Last Man Standing | question: What is another name for a knockout?, answer: referee stoppage

A wrestler may voluntarily submit by verbally informing the referee (usually used in moves such as the Mexican Surfboard, where all four limbs are incapacitated, making tapping impossible). Also, since Ken Shamrock (a legitimate UFC competitor in its early days) popularized it in 1997, a wrestler can indicate a voluntary submission by "tapping out", that is, tapping a free hand against the mat or against an opponent. Occasionally, a wrestler will reach for a rope (see rope breaks below), only to put their hand back on the mat so they can crawl towards the rope some more; this is not a submission, and the referee decides what their intent is.

question: How can a wrestler willingly submit?, answer: verbally informing the referee | question: What is the move called where all limbs are incapicitated?, answer: Mexican Surfboard | question: What can a wrestler do to show a willing submission?, answer: tapping out

A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power. In general, a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler's ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring. As such, the most accomplished or decorated wrestlers tend to be revered as legends despite the predetermined nature of title reigns. American wrestler Ric Flair has had multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades. Japanese wrestler Último Dragón once held and defended a record 10 titles simultaneously.

question: What does it show when a wrestler has many titles?, answer: ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring | question: What can be important in a wrestler's career?, answer: championship accomplishments | question: What do those accomplishments indicate?, answer: performance ability and drawing power | question: What has Ric Flair accomplished?, answer: multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades | question: Who held 10 records at once?, answer: Último Dragón

A wrestling match may be declared a no contest if the winning conditions are unable to occur. This can be due to excessive interference, loss of referee's control over the match, one or more participants sustaining debilitating injury not caused by the opponent, or the inability of a scheduled match to even begin. A no contest is a state separate and distinct from a draw — a draw indicates winning conditions were met. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in practice, this usage is technically incorrect.

question: What kind of injury can cause a no contest ruling?, answer: debilitating | question: How is no contest related to a draw, if at all?, answer: state separate and distinct from a draw | question: How can a referee's action result in a no contest?, answer: loss of referee's control over the match

A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals. As Whitlam had a majority in the House of Representatives, Speaker Gordon Scholes appealed to the Queen to reverse Kerr's decision. She declined, stating that she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the governor-general. The crisis fuelled Australian republicanism.

question: During the Australian constitutional crisis, what Prime Minister was dismissed?, answer: Gough Whitlam | question: Who dismissed Whilam from the post of Australian Prime Minister?, answer: Governor-General Sir John Kerr | question: Who appealed to Elizabeth to reverse the dismissal of Whitlam?, answer: Speaker Gordon Scholes | question: What did Whitlam have in the House of Representatives?, answer: a majority | question: What did Elizabeth decline to do in response to the appeal by Scholes?, answer: interfere

A zygote initially develops into a hollow sphere, called a blastula, which undergoes rearrangement and differentiation. In sponges, blastula larvae swim to a new location and develop into a new sponge. In most other groups, the blastula undergoes more complicated rearrangement. It first invaginates to form a gastrula with a digestive chamber, and two separate germ layers — an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm. In most cases, a mesoderm also develops between them. These germ layers then differentiate to form tissues and organs.

question: What is the hollow sphere that a zygote initially develops into called?, answer: blastula | question: In sponges, how do blastula develop into a new sponge?, answer: swim to a new location | question: What are the 2 germ layers formed by most blastula?, answer: an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm | question: What may be formed between the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers?, answer: mesoderm | question: What do the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers develop into?, answer: tissues and organs

A. A. Luce and John Foster are other subjectivists. Luce, in Sense without Matter (1954), attempts to bring Berkeley up to date by modernizing his vocabulary and putting the issues he faced in modern terms, and treats the Biblical account of matter and the psychology of perception and nature. Foster's The Case for Idealism argues that the physical world is the logical creation of natural, non-logical constraints on human sense-experience. Foster's latest defense of his views is in his book A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism.

question: What sort of thinkers were Foster and Luce?, answer: subjectivists | question: What book was written by A.A. Luce?, answer: Sense without Matter | question: What year saw the publication of Sense without Matter?, answer: 1954 | question: Who wrote A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism?, answer: Foster | question: Whose work is Sense without Matter regarded as updating?, answer: Berkeley

AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as their target moved. In this method when the sights were on the target, the barrel was pointed at the target's future position. Range and height of the target determined fuse length. The difficulties increased as aircraft performance improved.

question: What was the problem with AA gunnery?, answer: successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position | question: Different things could affect what with the shell?, answer: predicted trajectory | question: What was updated on the gunsight as a target moved?, answer: 'off-set' angles for range and elevation | question: Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target?, answer: the target's future position | question: What two things figured the fuse length?, answer: Range and height of the target

AAA battalions were also used to help suppress ground targets. Their larger 90 mm M3 gun would prove, as did the eighty-eight, to make an excellent anti-tank gun as well, and was widely used late in the war in this role. Also available to the Americans at the start of the war was the 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun, which was the most powerful AA gun with an impressive 60,000 ft (18 km) altitude capability. No 120 M1 was ever fired at an enemy aircraft. The 90 mm and 120 mm guns would continue to be used into the 1950s.

question: What was also utilized to control ground targets?, answer: AAA battalions | question: Along with the 88, what other AAA battalion gun made a good anti-tank weapon?, answer: 90 mm M3 gun | question: What did the Americans use at the beginning of the war?, answer: 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun | question: What was the altitude range in feet of the stratosphere gun?, answer: 60,000 ft | question: What decade were the 90 and 120 millimeter guns used until?, answer: 1950s

AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.

question: What age group does adult contemporary radio typically focus on?, answer: 25–44 | question: Along with teen pop, dance and hard rock, what form of music is typically not heard on AC radio?, answer: hip hop | question: When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic?, answer: 1960s | question: What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past?, answer: newer music

ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite £16 per month to gold+ at £190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless).

question: What kind of broadband service is provided on the island?, answer: ADSL | question: What is the maximum speed of the broadband service?, answer: 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream | question: What is the lite price of the broadband service?, answer: £16 per month | question: What is the gold price of the broadband service?, answer: £190 per month | question: What location has a few public wifi spots available to the public?, answer: Jamestown

AFL Global and Ganlan Media were created in 2012 by businessman Martin E. Judge, founder and owner of the Judge Group. The company, called AFL Global, LLC, looks to introduce and launch professional Arena Football teams and franchises in various locations throughout the world (like NFL Europe). After their successful trip to China to help promote the game, they formally announced plans to further develop AFL China by the fall of 2014 by starting a comprehensive training program in May 2013 with exhibition games planned for the cities of Beijing and Guangzhou in October. This is the first time professional football of any kind will be played in China with the support of the Chinese government and the CRFA (Chinese Rugby Football Association). Key persons involved include founder and CEO. Martin E. Judge, partner Ron Jaworski, CAFL CEO Gary Morris and president David Niu. Ganlan Media has since dropped this name and will carry the league's name as its corporate identity.

question: Who created Ganlan Media?, answer: Martin E. Judge | question: What company is Martin Judge the founder of?, answer: the Judge Group | question: In what year was AFL Global created?, answer: 2012 | question: In what month was an exhibition game planned for Guangzhou?, answer: October | question: Who is the Chief Executive Officer of the China American Football League?, answer: Gary Morris

AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties. The latter range from flight combat operations such as a gunner, to working in a dining facility to ensure that members are properly fed. There are additional occupational fields such as computer specialties, mechanic specialties, enlisted aircrew, communication systems, cyberspace operations, avionics technicians, medical specialties, civil engineering, public affairs, hospitality, law, drug counseling, mail operations, security forces, and search and rescue specialties.

question: What kind of AFSC is a JAG?, answer: judge advocate general | question: What is one of the many types of AFSC employed by the USAF?, answer: missile launch officer | question: What is an example of an occupational field position in the USAF?, answer: computer specialties

AOC Bomber Command Arthur Harris did see German morale as a major objective. However, he did not believe that the morale-collapse could occur without the destruction of the German economy. The primary goal of Bomber Command's offensives was to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale. In late 1943, just before the Battle of Berlin, he declared the power of Bomber Command would enable it to achieve "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable." A summary of Harris' strategic intentions was clear:

question: Without what could morale collapse occur according to Arthur Harris?, answer: without the destruction of the German economy. | question: What was the primary strategy for Bomber Command offensives?, answer: to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale | question: Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what?, answer: "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable."

ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label.

question: Who bought out ARC?, answer: Columbia Broadcasting System | question: In what year was ARC bought?, answer: 1938 | question: What did CBS call ARC after buying it?, answer: Columbia Recording Corporation | question: Who was the head of CBS at the time?, answer: William S. Paley | question: Who convinced Paley to buy ARC?, answer: RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein

ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters. ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8, which is fully backward compatibe to ASCII.

question: Who surpassed ASCII?, answer: UTF-8 | question: ASCI was the most common character encoding on the world wide web until when?, answer: December 2007 | question: What is the definition of ASCII?, answer: is a character-encoding scheme | question: What does ASCII code represent?, answer: text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text | question: What does ASCII stand for?, answer: American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASCII developed from telegraphic codes. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) X3.2 subcommittee. The first edition of the standard was published during 1963, underwent a major revision during 1967, and experienced its most recent update during 1986. Compared to earlier telegraph codes, the proposed Bell code and ASCII were both ordered for more convenient sorting (i.e., alphabetization) of lists, and added features for devices other than teleprinters.

question: What was ASCII developed from?, answer: telegraphic codes | question: What was the first commercial use of ASCII?, answer: a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services | question: When did work on the ASCII standard begin?, answer: October 6, 1960 | question: When was the first edition of the standard published?, answer: 1963 | question: When was the first major revision of the code done?, answer: 1967

ASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such as the escape sequence. His British colleague Hugh McGregor Ross helped to popularize this work – according to Bemer, "so much so that the code that was to become ASCII was first called the Bemer-Ross Code in Europe". Because of his extensive work on ASCII, Bemer has been called "the father of ASCII."

question: When was ASCII first commercially used?, answer: 1963 | question: What was it used for?, answer: a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network | question: What did TWX use before ASCII?, answer: five-bit ITA2 | question: Who is the father of ASCII?, answer: Bob Bemer | question: What was the code first called in Europe?, answer: Bemer-Ross Code

ASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing the same sequence of characters. Even more importantly, forward compatibility is ensured as software that recognizes only 7-bit ASCII characters as special and does not alter bytes with the highest bit set (as is often done to support 8-bit ASCII extensions such as ISO-8859-1) will preserve UTF-8 data unchanged.

question: ASCII was incorporated into what other character set?, answer: Unicode | question: How many of the symbols are the same in the beginning of the ASCII and Unicode?, answer: 128 symbols | question: What set is backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII?, answer: UTF-8

ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET. It provided the highest coding efficiency.

question: What was the name given to the proposal?, answer: ASPEC | question: What did the joint proposal provide?, answer: the highest coding efficiency | question: Other than Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET, who else was a part of the joint proposal?, answer: AT&T Bell Laboratories

Abnormal discoloration of wood often denotes a diseased condition, indicating unsoundness. The black check in western hemlock is the result of insect attacks. The reddish-brown streaks so common in hickory and certain other woods are mostly the result of injury by birds. The discoloration is merely an indication of an injury, and in all probability does not of itself affect the properties of the wood. Certain rot-producing fungi impart to wood characteristic colors which thus become symptomatic of weakness; however an attractive effect known as spalting produced by this process is often considered a desirable characteristic. Ordinary sap-staining is due to fungal growth, but does not necessarily produce a weakening effect.

question: What condition does an abnormal color usually indicate in wood?, answer: diseased | question: What other property can you assume of wood that is diseased?, answer: unsoundness | question: What causes the black checked pattern in the wood of western hemlocks?, answer: insect attacks | question: What animals cause the reddish-brown streaks of color in hickory wood?, answer: birds | question: What's the name for the pretty coloring effect caused in some wood by rot-producing fungi?, answer: spalting

Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis; the descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" are falling into disuse, and other than in neighboring Alaska. "Eskimo" is considered derogatory in many other places because it was given by non-Inuit people and was said to mean "eater of raw meat." Hundreds of Aboriginal nations evolved trade, spiritual and social hierarchies. The Métis culture of mixed blood originated in the mid-17th century when First Nation and native Inuit married European settlers. The Inuit had more limited interaction with European settlers during that early period. Various laws, treaties, and legislation have been enacted between European immigrants and First Nations across Canada. Aboriginal Right to Self-Government provides opportunity to manage historical, cultural, political, health care and economic control aspects within first people's communities.

question: What is the term Eskimo said to mean?, answer: "eater of raw meat." | question: First Nations and Inuit are labels for what peoples in Canada?, answer: Aboriginal | question: How many Aboriginal nations evolved trade, as well as spiritual and social hierarchies?, answer: Hundreds | question: What resulted from First Nation and Inuit people marrying European settlers?, answer: The Métis culture | question: What has been enacted between European immigrants and First Nations across Canada?, answer: Various laws, treaties, and legislation

About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development.

question: HOw many cases of diarrhea are there a year?, answer: 1.7 to 5 billion cases | question: How often do kids get diarrhea in developing countries?, answer: average three times a year | question: Frequent episodes of diarrhea are common in what type of cases?, answer: malnutrition | question: What long term issues can arise from frequent diarrhea?, answer: stunted growth and poor intellectual development

About 10,000 years ago, when the ice melted after the last glacial period, late Paleolithic communities were established along the lake shores and in cave systems. Evidence of human habitation has been found in caves near Vercors, close to Grenoble; in Austria the Mondsee culture shows evidence of houses built on piles to keep them dry. Standing stones have been found in Alpine areas of France and Italy. The rock drawings in Valcamonica are more than 5000 years old; more than 200,000 drawings and etchings have been identified at the site.

question: When were late Paleolithic communities established along the lake shores?, answer: About 10,000 years ago | question: What has been found in caves near Vercors?, answer: Evidence of human habitation | question: Why were houses built on piles?, answer: to keep them dry | question: What have been found in Alpine areas of France and Italy?, answer: Standing stones | question: How old are rock drawings in Valcamonica?, answer: more than 5000 years old

About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and surrounding mountain ridges. The apparently simple morphology, scarcely differentiated structures, metabolic systems and enzymes still active at very low temperatures, and reduced life cycles shown by such fungi make them particularly suited to harsh environments such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys. In particular, their thick-walled and strongly melanized cells make them resistant to UV light. Those features can also be observed in algae and cyanobacteria, suggesting that these are adaptations to the conditions prevailing in Antarctica. This has led to speculation that, if life ever occurred on Mars, it might have looked similar to Antarctic fungi such as Cryomyces minteri. Some of these fungi are also apparently endemic to Antarctica. Endemic Antarctic fungi also include certain dung-inhabiting species which have had to evolve in response to the double challenge of extreme cold while growing on dung, and the need to survive passage through the gut of warm-blooded animals.

question: How many species of fungi have been found on Antarctica?, answer: 1150 | question: What type of fungi help shape rock formations in Antarctica?, answer: cryptoendoliths | question: How many of the extant fungi in Antarctica are lichen-forming?, answer: 400 | question: What has the study of fungi in Antarctica shown about these organisms?, answer: adaptations | question: How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved?, answer: similar to Antarctic

About 150,000 East African and black people live in Israel, amounting to just over 2% of the nation's population. The vast majority of these, some 120,000, are Beta Israel, most of whom are recent immigrants who came during the 1980s and 1990s from Ethiopia. In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem movement that are descendants of African Americans who emigrated to Israel in the 20th century, and who reside mainly in a distinct neighborhood in the Negev town of Dimona. Unknown numbers of black converts to Judaism reside in Israel, most of them converts from the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States.

question: How many East African and black people live in Israel?, answer: About 150,000 | question: What percent of Israel's population is black?, answer: just over 2% | question: When did they migrate to Israel?, answer: during the 1980s and 1990s | question: Where did they migrate from?, answer: Ethiopia. | question: Where are most of the black converts from?, answer: the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States.

About 20% of pupils at Eton receive financial support, through a range of bursaries and scholarships. The recent Head Master, Tony Little, said that Eton is developing plans to allow any boy to attend the school whatever his parents' income and, in 2011, said that around 250 boys received "significant" financial help from the school. In early 2014, this figure had risen to 263 pupils receiving the equivalent of around 60% of school fee assistance, whilst a further 63 received their education free of charge. Little said that, in the short term, he wanted to ensure that around 320 pupils per year receive bursaries, and that 70 were educated free of charge, with the intention that the number of pupils receiving financial assistance would continue to increase. These comparatively new developments will run alongside long-established courses that Eton has provided for pupils from state schools, most of them in the summer holidays (July and August). Launched in 1982, the Universities Summer School is an intensive residential course open to boys and girls throughout the UK who attend state schools, are at the end of their first year in the Sixth Form, and are about to begin their final year of schooling. The Brent-Eton Summer School, started in 1994, offers 40-50 young people from the London Borough of Brent, an area of inner-city deprivation, an intensive one-week residential course, free of charge, designed to help bridge the gap between GCSE and A-level. In 2008, Eton helped found the Eton, Slough, Windsor and Hounslow Independent and State School Partnership (ISSP), with six local state schools. The ISSP's aims are "to raise pupil achievement, improve pupil self-esteem, raise pupil aspirations and improve professional practice across the schools". Eton also runs a number of choral and English language courses during the summer months.

question: How many students receive financial aid at Eton?, answer: 20% | question: How many students attended Eton free of charge in 2014?, answer: 63 | question: What are the goals of the Independent and State School Partnership?, answer: raise pupil achievement, improve pupil self-esteem, raise pupil aspirations and improve professional practice across the schools | question: What are some courses Eton offers in the summer months?, answer: choral and English language courses

About 40,000,000 tons were produced in 1984[needs update]. It is obtained as the "heavy" (i.e., difficult to distill) fraction. Material with a boiling point greater than around 500 °C is considered asphalt. Vacuum distillation separates it from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel). The resulting material is typically further treated to extract small but valuable amounts of lubricants and to adjust the properties of the material to suit applications. In a de-asphalting unit, the crude asphalt is treated with either propane or butane in a supercritical phase to extract the lighter molecules, which are then separated. Further processing is possible by "blowing" the product: namely reacting it with oxygen. This step makes the product harder and more viscous.

question: How many tons of bitumen ere produced in 1984?, answer: 40,000,000 | question: What boiling point is considered to be the for asphalt?, answer: 500 °C | question: What method is used to divide asphalt from other materials?, answer: Vacuum distillation | question: What is the process used to harden the asphalt?, answer: blowing | question: In processing asphalt, what is the unit used to separate it?, answer: de-asphalting

About 5% of the Nicaraguan population are indigenous. The largest indigenous group in Nicaragua is the Miskito people. Their territory extended from Cape Camarón, Honduras, to Rio Grande, Nicaragua along the Mosquito Coast. There is a native Miskito language, but large groups speak Miskito Coast Creole, Spanish, Rama and other languages. The Creole English came about through frequent contact with the British who colonized the area. Many are Christians. Traditional Miskito society was highly structured with a defined political structure. There was a king, but he did not have total power. Instead, the power was split between himself, a governor, a general, and by the 1750s, an admiral. Historical information on kings is often obscured by the fact that many of the kings were semi-mythical. Another major group is the Mayangna (or Sumu) people, counting some 10,000 people.

question: What percentage of the Nicaraguan population are indigenous?, answer: About 5% | question: How did Creole English come about?, answer: frequent contact with the British | question: What is the largest indigenous group in Nicaragua?, answer: Miskito | question: What didn't the king have in Miskito society?, answer: total power | question: How many Mayanga people are in Nicaragua?, answer: some 10,000

About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry. Approximately 10% of the population consists of immigrants from Western countries, while 21% of the population is of non-Western origin (9% Moroccan, 5% Turkish, 3% Surinamese and Dutch Caribbean and 5% of other countries). Some of the city's boroughs have a relatively high percentage of originally non-Dutch inhabitants – i.e. Kanaleneiland 83% and Overvecht 57%. Like Rotterdam, Amsterdam, The Hague and other large Dutch cities, Utrecht faces some socio-economic problems. About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare (17% of all households). Boroughs such as Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate.

question: What Socio economic problems does Utrecht face, answer: About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare | question: percentage of population that's dutch, answer: About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry | question: What boroughs are known for high crime, answer: Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate

About 75% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture upon Swazi Nation Land (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, Swazi Nation Land suffers from low productivity and investment. This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricultural TDLs on the one hand, and declining productivity subsistence agriculture (on SNL) on the other, may well explain the country's overall low growth, high inequality and unemployment.

question: What portion of the Swazi population are subsistence farmers?, answer: About 75% | question: Outside of agriculture what provides to the Swazi economy?, answer: textile manufacturing | question: In terms of Swaziland, what does SNL refer to?, answer: Swazi Nation Land | question: What are the problems with Swazi Nation Land?, answer: low productivity and investment

About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of the continent, precipitation is very low, down to 20 mm (0.8 in) per year; in a few "blue ice" areas precipitation is lower than mass loss by sublimation and so the local mass balance is negative. In the dry valleys, the same effect occurs over a rock base, leading to a desiccated landscape.

question: How much of Antarctica is covered by ice?, answer: 98% | question: How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica?, answer: 90% | question: How thick is the ice that covers Antarctica?, answer: 1.6 km | question: How much of the Earth's fresh water is held in Antarctica?, answer: 70% | question: What is the amount of precipitation per year in the interior of Antarctica?, answer: 20 mm

About five percent of the population are of full-blooded indigenous descent, but upwards to eighty percent more or the majority of Hondurans are mestizo or part-indigenous with European admixture, and about ten percent are of indigenous or African descent. The main concentration of indigenous in Honduras are in the rural westernmost areas facing Guatemala and to the Caribbean Sea coastline, as well on the Nicaraguan border. The majority of indigenous people are Lencas, Miskitos to the east, Mayans, Pech, Sumos, and Tolupan.

question: How much of the population of Honduras is of full-blooded indigenous descent?, answer: About five percent | question: What percentage of Hondurans have African blood mixed in with the rest of their ancestry?, answer: about ten percent | question: Where are the main concentrations of indigenous people in Honduras?, answer: rural westernmost areas | question: The Lencas, Miskitos, Mayans Pech, Sumos and Tolupan comprise the majority of what in Honduras?, answer: indigenous people

About half of the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood, but Namibia must still import some of its food. Although per capita GDP is five times the per capita GDP of Africa's poorest countries, the majority of Namibia's people live in rural areas and exist on a subsistence way of life. Namibia has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, due in part to the fact that there is an urban economy and a more rural cash-less economy. The inequality figures thus take into account people who do not actually rely on the formal economy for their survival. Although arable land accounts for only 1% of Namibia, nearly half of the population is employed in agriculture.

question: How much of the population depends on agriculture?, answer: half | question: How much more is the per capita GDP in Namibia compared to the rest of Africa's countries?, answer: five times | question: Namibia has one of the highest rates of what type of income problems in the world?, answer: inequality | question: Where does a majority of Namibia's people live?, answer: rural | question: How much of Namibia's land is arable?, answer: 1%

About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski. After his death in 1605, the movement lost its political force.

question: What was the movement called also known as execution of laws?, answer: "executionist movement | question: What were the intentions of executionists movement?, answer: seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country | question: what did the Sejm in Piotrków forced the magnates to do?, answer: return many leased crown lands to the king, | question: WHen did Jan Zamoyski. die?, answer: 1605 | question: What happened when Jan Zamoyski died?, answer: movement lost its political force.

About the creation-evolution controversy, Popper wrote that he considered it "a somewhat sensational clash between a brilliant scientific hypothesis concerning the history of the various species of animals and plants on earth, and an older metaphysical theory which, incidentally, happened to be part of an established religious belief" with a footnote to the effect that "[he] agree[s] with Professor C.E. Raven when, in his Science, Religion, and the Future, 1943, he calls this conflict "a storm in a Victorian tea-cup"; though the force of this remark is perhaps a little impaired by the attention he pays to the vapours still emerging from the cup—to the Great Systems of Evolutionist Philosophy, produced by Bergson, Whitehead, Smuts, and others."

question: Which professor cited by Popper described the creation-evolution debate as "a storm in a Victorian tea-cup?", answer: C.E. Raven | question: What controversy involving science did Popper believe was sensationalized because of its connection with religion?, answer: creation-evolution | question: In which year did C.E. Raven publish the remarks on creation-evolution quoted by Popper?, answer: 1943 | question: What term does Popper use when describing creationism as a type of theory?, answer: metaphysical

About two thousand Roman colonists were settled there in 138 BC during the rule of consul Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico. The Roman historian Florus says that Brutus transferred the soldiers who had fought under him to that province. This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road that connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire. The centre of the city was located in the present-day neighbourhood of the Plaza de la Virgen. Here was the forum and the crossing of the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus, which remain the two main axes of the city. The Cardo corresponds to the existing Calle de Salvador, Almoina, and the Decumanus corresponds to Calle de los Caballeros.

question: Who was the ruler of Valencia in 138 BC?, answer: Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico | question: How many Romans lived in Valencia in 138 BC?, answer: two thousand | question: What road crossed Valencia's island in Roman times?, answer: Via Augusta | question: What is now located at the former centre of Valencia?, answer: Plaza de la Virgen | question: In Roman times, what two roads met at Valencia's centre?, answer: Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus

Above 114th Street between Amsterdam Avenue and Morningside Drive, there is a private indoor pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings on the campus of St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center.

question: On which street is a private indoor pedestrian bridge between Amsterdam Avenue and Morningside Drive?, answer: 114th Street | question: Aove 114th Street is a private pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings from what organization?, answer: St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center | question: A bridge connecting two of St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center's buildings crosses above which road?, answer: 114th Street

Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees (Pinus mugo), which is in turn superseded by Alpenrosen, dwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum (on acid soils) or Rhododendron hirsutum (on alkaline soils). Although the Alpenrose prefers acidic soil, the plants are found throughout the region. Above the tree line is the area defined as "alpine" where in the alpine meadow plants are found that have adapted well to harsh conditions of cold temperatures, aridity, and high altitudes. The alpine area fluctuates greatly because of regional fluctuations in tree lines.

question: What is often above the forestry?, answer: a band of short pine trees | question: What type of soil does Alpenrose prefer?, answer: acidic soil | question: What is the area above the treeline defined as?, answer: alpine | question: Why does the alpine area fluctuate greatly?, answer: because of regional fluctuations in tree lines.

Above the main portal there is generally a large window, like that at York Minster, or a group of windows such as those at Ripon Cathedral. In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral. Rose windows are also often found in the façades of churches of Spain and Italy, but are rarer elsewhere and are not found on the façades of any English Cathedrals. The gable is usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture or, in the case of Italy, may be decorated with the rest of the façade, with polychrome marble and mosaic, as at Orvieto Cathedral.

question: What size of window is found above the main portal at York Minster?, answer: a large window | question: What type of window is often found above the main portal at cathedrals in France such as the Reims Cathedral?, answer: a rose window | question: Where are rose windows never found in the facades of cathedrals?, answer: any English Cathedrals | question: What portion of Gothic buildings are usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture?, answer: The gable | question: Which Italian cathedral displays polychrome marble and mosaic on the gable?, answer: Orvieto Cathedral

Above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations. The presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate level of a synod sometimes exists. This congregation / presbytery / synod / general assembly schema is based on the historical structure of the larger Presbyterian churches, such as the Church of Scotland or the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.); some bodies, such as the Presbyterian Church in America and the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, skip one of the steps between congregation and General Assembly, and usually the step skipped is the Synod. The Church of Scotland has now abolished the Synod.[citation needed]

question: Which group from the Presbyterian church in rank is above sessions?, answer: presbyteries | question: What responsibilities so Presbyterians have?, answer: area responsibilities | question: What are the area of responsibilities made up of?, answer: teaching elders and ruling elders | question: In the American and Ireland Presbyterian church, which step is generally skipped?, answer: Synod | question: Which step was recently abolished by Scotland?, answer: Synod

Absolute idealism is G. W. F. Hegel's account of how existence is comprehensible as an all-inclusive whole. Hegel called his philosophy "absolute" idealism in contrast to the "subjective idealism" of Berkeley and the "transcendental idealism" of Kant and Fichte, which were not based on a critique of the finite and a dialectical philosophy of history as Hegel's idealism was. The exercise of reason and intellect enables the philosopher to know ultimate historical reality, the phenomenological constitution of self-determination, the dialectical development of self-awareness and personality in the realm of History.

question: According to Hegel, what sort of idealist was Fichte?, answer: transcendental | question: Who did Hegel see as a subjective idealist?, answer: Berkeley | question: What sort of idealist did Hegel define himself as?, answer: Absolute | question: How did Hegel believe historical reality to be knowable to a philosopher?, answer: exercise of reason and intellect

Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to "circumvent some of the complications associated with selection".

question: What does mapping clusters disentangle ancestry from?, answer: culture | question: Hammer and others recently aimed to test what claim about how closely related present-day Jews are to what group?, answer: neighbouring non-Jewish populations | question: What shifted depending on the locus investigated?, answer: the degree of genetic similarity among Jews | question: What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of?, answer: natural selection acting on particular loci | question: What chromosome was focused on to circumvent some of the complications associated with selection?, answer: Y

Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill.

question: What did Nasser do in his spare time?, answer: reading | question: What institution did Nasser live close to in 1933?, answer: National Library of Egypt | question: What did Nasser observe from moving around frequently as a youth?, answer: Egyptian society's class divisions | question: What was Nasser's position in Egypt's society?, answer: well below the wealthy Egyptian elite | question: What kind of biographies did Nasser read?, answer: nationalist leaders

Academic higher education in Estonia is divided into three levels: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies. In some specialties (basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry, architect-engineer, and a classroom teacher programme) the bachelor's and master's levels are integrated into one unit. Estonian public universities have significantly more autonomy than applied higher education institutions. In addition to organising the academic life of the university, universities can create new curricula, establish admission terms and conditions, approve the budget, approve the development plan, elect the rector, and make restricted decisions in matters concerning assets. Estonia has a moderate number of public and private universities. The largest public universities are the University of Tartu, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn University, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonian Academy of Arts; the largest private university is Estonian Business School.

question: What are the three levels of higher learning in Estonia?, answer: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies | question: What medical fields have their bachelor's and master's levels combined into one unit?, answer: basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry | question: What do Estonian public universities have more of than higher education institutions?, answer: autonomy | question: What is the largest private university in Estonia?, answer: Estonian Business School

Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."

question: Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?, answer: Academics | question: In which video was it the most obvious?, answer: "Like a Prayer | question: Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?, answer: MTV | question: When was Madonna awarded the accolade?, answer: 2003

According to 16th-century mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm, Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century. The story is told that a German-speaking Palestinian Jew saved the life of a young German man surnamed Dolberger. So when the knights of the First Crusade came to siege Jerusalem, one of Dolberger's family members who was among them rescued Jews in Palestine and carried them back to Worms to repay the favor. Further evidence of German communities in the holy city comes in the form of halakhic questions sent from Germany to Jerusalem during the second half of the 11th century.

question: Who noted that Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century?, answer: Rabbi Elijah of Chelm | question: Another piece of evidence of German communities in the holy city in the second half of the 11th century is due to what items being sent from Germany to Jerusalem?, answer: halakhic questions | question: Mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm is from what century?, answer: 16th-century | question: In the story told by mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm, one of the German's family members rescued Jews in Palestine and carried them back to where in order to repay a previous favor?, answer: Worms

According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995.

question: Going by 2004 calculations, how much does Southampton contribute to the region's economy each year?, answer: £4.2 bn | question: What sector puts up most of Southampton's economic contribution?, answer: the service sector | question: In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year?, answer: 1995

According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania.

question: Which religion will have the most followers by the year 2050 if trends continue?, answer: Christianity | question: On average, how many children do Christians have?, answer: 2.7 | question: How many Muslims converted to Christianity according to a 2015 poll?, answer: 10.2 million | question: In addition to conversion, what other reason is given for the trend in Christianity's followers?, answer: High birth rates

According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance. It was provided with a door which turned on a hinge, and could be opened with a sort of key; the city gate was on a larger scale, and seems to have been double. The foundation stones — or rather bricks — of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."

question: What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone?, answer: was scarce | question: How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut?, answer: into blocks and seals | question: What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?, answer: Brick | question: What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by?, answer: objects that were deposited under them | question: What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?, answer: tower-like

According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.

question: How long ago was the BeiDou Satellite System first launched?, answer: Fifteen years | question: How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system?, answer: $31.5 billion | question: What are some companies that profit from the BDS system?, answer: China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.

According to Der Spiegel credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt. As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union.

question: What was used to hide debts?, answer: swaps | question: Swaps allow Greece to do what?, answer: spend beyond their means | question: What other country hid its debt through swaps?, answer: Italy | question: What can legally be overcome with swaps?, answer: The Maastricht rules

According to Der Spiegel, credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt because Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives. A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union and the monetary union guidelines. In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%. Public debt was forecast, according to some estimates, to hit 120% of GDP during 2010.

question: What were credits given to European governments disguised as?, answer: swaps | question: Why weren't swaps registered as debts by Eurostat at the time?, answer: ignored statistics involving financial derivatives | question: What rules did a German derivatives dealer say could be quite legally circumvented through swaps?, answer: Maastricht | question: What was again revised in May of 2010?, answer: Greek government deficit | question: What was Greece's public debt forecast to hit as high of a percentage of GDP of in 2010?, answer: 120%

According to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like black-looking Latin Americans, consider themselves white because they have some distant white ancestry.

question: Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white?, answer: because they have some distant white ancestry. | question: Where does Dr. Carlos Moore work?, answer: Brazil's University of the State of Bahia | question: How do Afro-multiracials identify in the 21st century?, answer: in ways that resemble multi-racials

According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.

question: What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian?, answer: 87% | question: Hoe similar is Catalan to Portuguese?, answer: 85% | question: What is the percent relationship of Catalan to Spanish?, answer: 80% | question: What is the relationship similarity to Ladin?, answer: 76% | question: How related is Sardinian to Catalan?, answer: 75%

According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total number of goods transported through Greece in 2010 amounted to 124.38 million tons, a considerable drop from the 164.3 million tons transported through the country in 2007. Since then, Piraeus has grown to become the Mediterranean's third-largest port thanks to heavy investment by Chinese logistics giant COSCO. In 2013, Piraeus was declared the fastest-growing port in the world.

question: What was Greece's largest port as measured by good transported in 2010?, answer: Aghioi Theodoroi | question: How many million of tons went through Aghioi Theodoroi in 2010?, answer: 17.38 | question: How many million tons of goods did port Eleusis transport in 2010?, answer: 12.37 million tons | question: How many tons of goods were transported through Greece in 2007?, answer: 164.3 million tons | question: What was the port of Piraeus declared to be in 2013?, answer: fastest-growing port in the world

According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.

question: What was the most populated city in the EU in 2012?, answer: Commune of Paris | question: How many people lived per square kilometer in the city limits?, answer: 21,616 | question: What three departments surrounding Paris had densities greater than 10k/k?, answer: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne

According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution.

question: Only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics according to what rules?, answer: FIG | question: What combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation?, answer: rhythmic gymnastics | question: What 5 items are used in rhythmic gymnastic routines?, answer: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope | question: Rhythmic gymnastics places greater emphaises on aesthetics rather than what?, answer: the acrobatic | question: What is the maximum number of points possible for a rhythmic gymnastic routine?, answer: 30 | question: What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics?, answer: FIG | question: What does rhythmic gymastics combine together?, answer: ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation | question: What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines?, answer: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope | question: Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics?, answer: aesthetic | question: How many possible points are there for rhythmic routines?, answer: 30 points

According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune magazine. The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.

question: Which largest private oil companies are based in Oklahoma City?, answer: Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation | question: What industry are all of the Oklahoma-based Fortune 500 companies in?, answer: energy | question: What is the largest company in Oklahoma?, answer: ONEOK | question: What is the 2nd-largest company in Oklahoma?, answer: Williams Companies | question: Where is ONEOK based?, answer: Tulsa

According to Forbes' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 list, Spielberg was listed as the most influential celebrity in America. The annual list is conducted by E-Poll Market Research and it gave more than 6,600 celebrities on 46 different personality attributes a score representing "how that person is perceived as influencing the public, their peers, or both." Spielberg received a score of 47, meaning 47% of the US believes he is influential. Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."

question: When was Spielberg named the 'most influential celebrity in America'?, answer: 2014 | question: How much of the US believes Spielberg is influential?, answer: 47% | question: Who is Gerry Philpott?, answer: president of E-Poll Market Research | question: How did Spielberg influence the public's behavior?, answer: many will think for a second before going into the water this summer

According to Genius, the James Gleick-authored biography, Feynman tried LSD during his professorship at Caltech. Somewhat embarrassed by his actions, he largely sidestepped the issue when dictating his anecdotes; he mentions it in passing in the "O Americano, Outra Vez" section, while the "Altered States" chapter in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! describes only marijuana and ketamine experiences at John Lilly's famed sensory deprivation tanks, as a way of studying consciousness. Feynman gave up alcohol when he began to show vague, early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain—the same reason given in "O Americano, Outra Vez" for his reluctance to experiment with LSD.

question: What substance did Feynman give up later in life?, answer: alcohol | question: Why did Feynman give up alcohol?, answer: he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain | question: Which illicit drug did Feynman try at Caltech?, answer: LSD | question: In what book did he talk about his LSD use?, answer: O Americano, Outra Vez

According to Greek law, every Sunday of the year is a public holiday. In addition, there are four mandatory official public holidays: 25 March (Greek Independence Day), Easter Monday, 15 August (Assumption or Dormition of the Holy Virgin), and 25 December (Christmas). 1 May (Labour Day) and 28 October (Ohi Day) are regulated by law as being optional but it is customary for employees to be given the day off. There are, however, more public holidays celebrated in Greece than are announced by the Ministry of Labour each year as either obligatory or optional. The list of these non-fixed national holidays rarely changes and has not changed in recent decades, giving a total of eleven national holidays each year.

question: Greek law says that every Sunday of the year is a what?, answer: holiday | question: How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there?, answer: four | question: How many Greek national holidays are there each year?, answer: eleven | question: What is one of the holidays regulated by law as optional?, answer: Labour Day