Datasets:

VityaVitalich

/

adaptive_rag_squad

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the north coast" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ornithopter An ornithopter (from Greek \"ornithos\" \"bird\" and \"pteron\" \"wing\") is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings. Designers seek to imitate the flapping-wing flight of birds, bats, and insects. Though machines may differ in form, they are usually built on the same scale as these flying creatures. Manned ornithopters have also been built, and some have been successful. The machines are of two general types: those with engines, and those powered by the muscles of the pilot. Some early manned flight attempts may have been intended to achieve flapping-wing flight, though probably only a glide was actually achieved.", "title": "Ornithopter" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crime in Brazil Crime in Brazil involves an elevated incidence of violent and non-violent crimes. According to most sources, Brazil possesses high rates of violent crimes, such as murders and robberies; depending on the source (UNDP or World Health Organization), Brazil's homicide rate is 30–35 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants according to the UNODC, placing Brazil in the top 20 countries by intentional homicide rate. In recent times, the homicide rate in Brazil has been stabilizing at a very high level. Brazil is a heavy importer of cocaine, as well as part of the international drug routes. Arms and marijuana employed", "title": "Crime in Brazil" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in HMV and had 1000 copies of my debut album \"No Commercial Breaks\" pressed. The label name I put on them was 'Speech Development Records'. They had no barcodes. I made up a catalogue number... but it wasn't registered anywhere.” This changed for the 2011 release of his second solo album \"Distraction Pieces\", resulting in the label’s official formation. He has since released a slow and steady stream of records by other artists, an eclectic mix of genres, each defined by his admiration for their work. These include: In April 2013 XFM announced Scroobius Pip was joining the station to", "title": "Scroobius Pip" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the other smaller beneficial ones in a vicious cycle. As more beneficial colonies are damaged, making the imbalance more pronounced, more overgrowth issues occur because the damaged colonies are less able to check the growth of the overgrowing ones. If this goes unchecked long enough, a pervasive and chronic imbalance between colonies will set in, which ultimately minimizes the beneficial nature of these colonies as a whole. Microbial colonies also excrete many different types of waste byproducts. Using different waste removal mechanisms, under normal circumstances the body effectively manages these byproducts with little or no trouble. Unfortunately, oversized and inappropriately", "title": "Dysbiosis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the John Mayer Trio and bassist for The Who), Flea (from the Red Hot Chili Peppers) and Alex Katunich (from Incubus). Spank bass developed from the slap and pop style and treats the electric bass as a percussion instrument, striking the strings above the pickups with an open palmed hand. Wooten popularized the \"double thump,\" in which the string is slapped twice, on the upstroke and a downstroke (for more information, see Classical Thump). A rarely used playing technique related to slapping is the use of wooden dowel \"funk fingers\", an approach popularized by Tony Levin. A pick (or", "title": "Bass guitar" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muuido Muuido, also known as Muui Island, is an island in South Korea. It is a small island located south of Yongyu Island, which was joined with Yeongjong Island when Incheon International Airport was built. Muui Island measures long and wide. The island is visible from the airport. Muui Island is served by a daily ferry from Incheon ferry terminal on the mainland, as well as by a frequent car ferry which crosses the narrow channel separating the island from Yongyu Island. Buses run from the airport and the Incheon Airport Maglev will also provide service to nearby Yongyu Station.", "title": "Muuido" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport () is an international airport located on the island of Roatán, in the Caribbean Sea off the northern coast of Honduras. Roatán is in the Bay Islands Department of Honduras. The airport serves national and international air traffic of the island, the nearby cities and for the region. The airport is named for Juan Manuel Gálvez (1889-1972), the former president of the Republic of Honduras in 1949-1952. It was known previously as Roatán International Airport. The airport is located on the western end of Roatán, next to the main city,", "title": "Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is located on the island. After arriving in Fa'a'ā International Airport, an Air Tahiti inter-island flight (50 minutes) will bring you to Bora Bora Airport. You will need to board the airline’s catamaran shuttle to Vaitape, where resorts staff take boats to the island. Tofari Motu Tofari is a island in the Bora Bora Islands Group, within the Society Islands of French Polynesia. It is the located between Taufarii, and Ome. The island has some private households. The island is part of Bora Bora Commune. Tenamanu, the main village of the island, is on the north west corner, next to", "title": "Tofari" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for the French military. Travel to and from the airport can be made by car. There is limited parking at the airport, so the preferred travel is by taxi into town (4 km from Dzaoudzi). Dzaoudzi–Pamandzi International Airport Dzaoudzi–Pamandzi International Airport is an airport located in Dzaoudzi, Mayotte, France on the southern tip of the island of Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), located east of Grande-Terre, the main island of Mayotte. It is the only airport in Mayotte with scheduled services, mainly to destinations within Africa and to metropolitan France. The airport services aircraft up to the Boeing 777 in size. A", "title": "Dzaoudzi–Pamandzi International Airport" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bora Bora Airport Bora Bora Airport , also known as Motu Mute Airport, is an airport serving the island of Bora Bora in French Polynesia, France. It is located on the islet of Motu Mute. The airport was opened in 1943, during World War II. Commercial service became available in 1958 after the runway was reconstructed. It is built on an island (the Polynesian word for which is \"motu\") located in a lagoon. A boat transfer is necessary to get to the main island of Bora Bora. Passengers from Vaitape, the largest population center on Bora Bora, usually use this", "title": "Bora Bora Airport" } ]

[ "the north coast" ]

[ "St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. The nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner is on the neighboring island of Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana International Airport, which acts as a hub, providing connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy. Several international airlines and domestic Caribbean airlines operate in this sector." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Thangkas" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "commonly known as Thangkas in Tibet, closely linked to the country's religious history and on the other hand the contemporary western-style painting, including nature-based compositions or abstract artwork based on Tantric elements and social themes of which painters in Nepal are well noted for. Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu. Kathmandu contains many notable art galleries. The NAFA Gallery, operated by the Arts and crafts Department of the Nepal Academy is housed in Sita Bhavan, a neo-classical old Rana palace. The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds,", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Australian Military Court The Australian Military Court (AMC) was a military service tribunal established in 2007 with the primary aim of maintaining military justice within the Australian Defence Force. In August 2009, the High Court of Australia ruled that the AMC was unconstitutional according to the Constitution of Australia, putting the 171 cases the court had tried in doubt. In May 2010, the Australian Government announced a new Military Court of Australia (MCA) to replace the provisional system established after the dissolution of the AMC and to provide an appropriate military judiciary for the Australian Defence Force. The Australian Military", "title": "Australian Military Court" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "trip successfully are paid about US$3,000. Smugglers normally unload their cargo onto fast power boats for the final leg to shore and the semi-submersible is scuttled. None have been sighted unloading at North American ports or beaches. In 2006, a 10 metre long sub was found abandoned on the northern coast of Spain, where the authorities suspect the crew had unloaded a cargo of cocaine before fleeing. In March 2006, the Calabrian Mafia ('Ndrangheta) ordered a shipment of 9 tonnes of cocaine to be transported by a narco-submarine from Colombia to Italy, but the vessel was discovered by the Colombian", "title": "Narco-submarine" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oskar Zawisza Oskar Zawisza (23 November 1878 in Jablunkov18 January 1933 in Těrlicko) was a Polish Catholic priest, composer and educational activist. He was son of a teacher from Jablunkov. Zawisza finished German gymnasium in Bielsko and Theological faculty in Olomouc. He was a pupil of Czech composer Josef Nešvera. Zawisza was ordained as a priest on 23 July 1902. Then he became curate in Petrovice u Karviné, Dolní Bludovice, Niemiecka Lutynia, Strumień and Cieszyn. On 1 July 1911 he became a rector in Těrlicko. He collaborated with \"Gwiazdka Cieszyńska\" and \"Zaranie Śląskie\" magazines. Zawisza conducted historical and etnographic research", "title": "Oskar Zawisza" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Falmouth\" joined in the Paraguay expedition to Paraguay late in 1858, when relations with the United States were strained, and cruised in the Paraná River and the Río de la Plata until tension eased. She sailed into New York Harbor on 19 May 1859, and on the 24th was decommissioned. Fitted out as a stationary storeship, \"Falmouth\" departed New York on 1 April 1860 for Aspinwall, Panama, the port later known as Colón. She served there as store ship for operating in the Gulf of Mexico, until sold in October 1863. USS Falmouth (1827) USS \"Falmouth\" was a sloop of", "title": "USS Falmouth (1827)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "times when they are typically applied. Although STDs are logical targets for examining the role of human behavior in a modeling framework, personal actions are important for other infectious diseases as well. The rapidity with which individuals reduce their contact rate with others during an outbreak of a highly transmissible disease can significantly affect the spread of the disease. Even small reductions in the contact rate can be important, especially for diseases like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). However, this may also affect policy planning for a biological attack with a disease such as smallpox. Individual behavioral responses", "title": "Economic epidemiology" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brill, Leiden & Boston, 2006, 31-40. “The Tibetans in the Western Himalayas and Karakoram, Seventh-Eleventh Centuries: Rock art and inscriptions.” Journal of Inner Asian Art & Archaeology 2, 2007, 49-58. “The Tibetans in the West.” Part 1: Journal of Inner Asian Art & Archaeology 3, 2008, 7-21. Philip Denwood Philip Denwood is a British Tibetologist noted for his work on traditional Tibetan arts and handicrafts, Himalayan architecture and Tibetan linguistics. He was born on 29 August 1941 in Workington, Cumberland where he also grew up. In 1962 he gained his BA in Geography and History at University College London (UCL),", "title": "Philip Denwood" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "who cooked humans in their soup and of contaminating food with urine. Tibetans attacked Muslim restaurants. Fires set by Tibetans which burned the apartments and shops of Muslims resulted in Muslim families being killed and wounded in the 2008 mid-March riots. Due to Tibetan violence against Muslims, the traditional Islamic white caps have not been worn by many Muslims. Scarfs were removed and replaced with hairnets by Muslim women in order to hide. Muslims prayed in secret at home when in August 2008 the Tibetans burned the Mosque. Incidents such as these which make Tibetans look bad on the international", "title": "History of Islam in China" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the last silver coin which was issued in Tibet, and it circulated at the value of 5 srang, although its design is that of a tangka. The reverse depicts a wheel with eight spokes representing the „wheel of law“ (Sanskrit: \"dharmachakra\", Tibetan \"chos ’khor\") which was set in motion by the Buddha. In the centre of the wheel two comma-shaped elements represent what the Tibetans call \"norbu dga’ khyil\" („whorling jewel of joy“). This coin was struck in high grade silver and had the popular name \"tangka dkarpo gsar pa\" („new white tangka“). The earliest known series of the tangka", "title": "Tibetan tangka" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Central School for Tibetans. The children then affectionately call her Ama Lobsang Dolma, a nickname that has remained attached to her. The opinion of Trijang Rinpoche and a request from Geshe Bayu led her to practice medicine again. In 1970, she resigned from her post at the Tibetan Central School and opened a private clinic in Dalhousie, where her growing reputation brought with it a crowd of monks, Indian, and Tibetans. After the oldest doctors of Men-Tsee-Khang of Dharamsala, Tro Gawo Gyurme Ngawang Samphel Rinpoche (Trogawa Rinpoche, 1932-2005), Kurung Peltsewa Norlha Phuntsok Dradul (1932-1972), and Yeshi Donden resigned from", "title": "Lobsang Dolma Khangkar" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on Manjunath, two things staggered me. One was he was totally unlike what I'd thought he would be. I'd thought he'd be idealistic, preachy, etc but he was interesting, very ordinary in the sense of how we used to be in college, he made mistakes, was a musician – basically very cinematic. It made me curious that if he was so 'like any of us' then what happened to him to make him do what he did? Secondly, also that the people fighting his case, did not know him, were not doing it for glory or money, just strangers, taking", "title": "Manjunath (film)" } ]

[ "Thangkas" ]

[ "Kathmandu is a center for art in Nepal, displaying the work of contemporary artists in the country and also collections of historical artists. Patan in particular is an ancient city noted for its fine arts and crafts. Art in Kathmandu is vibrant, demonstrating a fusion of traditionalism and modern art, derived from a great number of national, Asian, and global influences. Nepali art is commonly divided into two areas: the idealistic traditional painting known as Paubhas in Nepal and perhaps more commonly known as Thangkas in Tibet, closely linked to the country's religious history and on the other hand the contemporary western-style painting, including nature-based compositions or abstract artwork based on Tantric elements and social themes of which painters in Nepal are well noted for. Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "front of Constitution Square" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. It is located in front of Constitution Square, in Ciudad Vieja. Built between 1804 and 1869 in Neoclassical style, with a series of Doric and Ionic columns, it became a National Heritage Site in 1975. In 1958, the Municipal Historic Museum and Archive was inaugurated here. It features three permanent city museum exhibitions, as well as temporary art exhibitions, cultural events, seminars, symposiums and forums. The Palacio Taranco is located in front of the Plaza Zabala, in the heart of Ciudad Vieja. It was erected in the early 20th century as the", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Everything.\" Both books are published by Knopf and Vintage. Steingarten's pieces have also appeared in the \"New York Times,\" \"Men's Vogue,\" and \"Slate Magazine.\" Working with Ed Levine, he was co-host of the show \"New York Eats,\" which aired in 1998–2000 on a local Metro channel. Steingarten frequently serves as a judge on the Food Network program \"Iron Chef America,\" and he has also been a judge on the second season of \"The Next Iron Chef.\" On the \"Iron Chef\" shows, Steingarten tends to be the most critical and technically specific of the three judges. His father was attorney Henry", "title": "Jeffrey Steingarten" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the painters who had predeceased his father in 1702. Various paintings are exhibited in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Louvre in Paris, the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Tournai, the Bowes Museum in Barnard Castle, the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, and the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. Egbert van Heemskerck Egbert van Heemskerck, or Egbert Jaspersz van Heemskerk (1634–1704) was a Haarlem Dutch Golden Age painter of genre works who died in London in 1704. He is often confused with another genre painter also called Egbert van Heemskerck who lived – 1744. Attempts to distinguish the work of the elder", "title": "Egbert van Heemskerck" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the 19th century pugilism, better known as prize-fighting, held a curious position in British society. Although supported by members of the establishment from the royal princes downwards, it was considered illegal under the terms of the Riot Act of 1715, which defined a riot as \"a tumultuous disturbance of the peace by three or more persons assembling together, of their own authority, with intent mutually to execute a violent enterprise to the terror of the people\". The boxer George Stevenson had died a few days after his 35-minute fight with the English champion Jack Broughton in 1741, an event", "title": "Simon Byrne" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "near Barnstaple, upon the marriage of John Chichester of Somerset to Thomasine de Ralegh, daughter and heiress of Sir John de Ralegh. The site of the great manor house of Raleigh, which was sold by Sir Arthur Chichester, 3rd Baronet (c.1662-1718) to Arthur Champneys, MP, a Barnstaple merchant, is now occupied by a disused 1960's concrete building, part of the complex of North Devon District Hospital. The present Georgian mansion called Raleigh House was built on a site directly above the old mansion by Nicholas Hooper, whose father Sir Nicholas Hooper, MP, had purchased the manor from Champneys in 1703.", "title": "Arlington Court" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "City Council the \"Temple Band\" makes a musical contribution to the city's community life with regular recitals in Brisbane public gardens and parks. In the past the Temple Band has performed at regular engagements with the Australian Broadcasting Commission for nationwide broadcasts and television performances. A feature of the band's activities that has stood the test of time is the Sunday evening open-air meeting in the Queen Street Mall to which a large crowd is regularly attracted. Although the Temple Band has a history that reaches back over 100 years, it has only served under the leadership of a handful", "title": "Brisbane City Temple Band" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lycée Français de Montevideo Lycée Français Jules Supervielle de Montevideo () is a French school in Buceo, Montevideo. It is located at Benigno Paiva 1160. It was originally established in 1897 with the name of Collège Carnot. In 2001 it was renamed after the French-Uruguayan writer Jules Supervielle. The French government owns the land which houses the school, while the nonprofit organization Sociedad Francesa de Enseñanza (SFE, ) operates the school. By 2015 the French government and the Sociedad Francesa de Enseñanza engaged in a political conflict regarding the operation of the school. The French Ambassador, Sylvain Itte, sent a", "title": "Lycée Français de Montevideo" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cabildo insular Cabildos are a Spanish system of government administration that are now only used in the Canary Islands, where they are known as cabildos insulares (\"island councils\"), each governing one of the seven main islands - Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro. The island of La Graciosa falls under the jurisdiction of the cabildo of Lanzarote. The members of a \"cabildo\" are elected by direct universal suffrage by the Spanish citizens of each island. The membership is determined by party-list proportional representation. The \"cabildos\" were created under the \"Law of Cabildos\" of 1912.", "title": "Cabildo insular" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to remove Liniers from power. The chance came when the Peninsular War took place in Spain, with the king Ferdinand VII being taken prisoner by Napoleon. Álzaga's ally, Francisco Javier de Elío, created a Junta in the city of Montevideo, and Álzaga attempted to do the same. For this end he tried to promote rulings that Liniers would be likely to reject, such as the designation of Bernardino Rivadavia as ensign, or new designations of members of the Buenos Aires Cabildo, full of enemies of Liniers. However, the viceroy reluctantly agreed to both things. The members of the Cabildo decided", "title": "Mutiny of Álzaga" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bar Facal Bar Facal is one of the most traditional Uruguayan coffeehouse. Located in the corner 18 de Julio avenue and Yí street, Centro, Montevideo, Uruguay. It was founded in 1882 by Galician Manuel Facal and his brothers. It is the oldest Uruguayan downtown bar. The coffeehouse was originally a factory for chocolates and quince candy. Outside the bar is a sculpture of Carlos Gardel, and a fountain where tourists leave love locks. An open tango show is performed from Monday to Saturday at 1 pm. In 2009 the Departmental Board of Montevideo recognized the contribution of the Bar Facal", "title": "Bar Facal" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pearl Harbor, where she arrived on 8 June. She carried out her duties of docking and repairing small craft, transporting amphibious craft, and operating boat-pools at Guam and Okinawa in July. After carrying boats to the Philippines in August, \"Cabildo\" reported in Wakanoura Wan, Honshū, on 11 September. Here she loaded Javanese, Dutch, and Australians, rescued from Japanese prison camps, who she carried to Okinawa. Laden with men of the Army Engineers, she arrived at Manila on 3 October, then sailed for Japan, where she acted as receiving and repair ship at Sasebo and Yokosuka until 19 April 1946. \"Cabildo\"", "title": "USS Cabildo (LSD-16)" } ]

[ "front of Constitution Square" ]

[ "The Montevideo Cabildo was the seat of government during the colonial times of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. It is located in front of Constitution Square, in Ciudad Vieja. Built between 1804 and 1869 in Neoclassical style, with a series of Doric and Ionic columns, it became a National Heritage Site in 1975. In 1958, the Municipal Historic Museum and Archive was inaugurated here. It features three permanent city museum exhibitions, as well as temporary art exhibitions, cultural events, seminars, symposiums and forums." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "illiteracy" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "factories such as cotton textiles, there consistently was large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture and domestic production. With such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work. Other factors that lead to the decline of child labour included financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "factories such as cotton textiles, there consistently was large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture and domestic production. With such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work. Other factors that lead to the decline of child labour included financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was Leading sire in North America in 2009 and 2010. Ghanaati was trained by Barry Hills at Lambourn and ridden in five of her six races by her trainer's son Richard. The filly's name is Arabic and means \"my love\". Ghanaati began her racing career on the Polytrack surface at Kempton Park in the autumn of 2008. On her debut in September, she started slowly before finishing third in a seven furlong maiden race. Five weeks later, racing over the same course and distance, Ghanaati started 4/6 favourite for a similar event. After starting slowly again, she recovered to take", "title": "Ghanaati" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was written by Selena y Los Dinos backup singer Pete Astudillo and Selena's brother, principal record producer and songwriter A. B. Quintanilla III. It was produced by Quintanilla III and Argentine music producer Bebu Silvetti. The song was intended to be one of three studio tracks for Selena's \"Live!\" album. Astudillo and Quintanilla III had spent an hour writing a song together. They wanted to write a song on a topic that many women face with their boyfriends. Quintanilla III had wanted to empower women, letting them know that they should hold their heads up and remember that life goes", "title": "La Llamada" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Torah High Schools of San Diego Torah High Schools of San Diego (THSSD) is a private 9-12 girls Jewish high school in San Diego, California, United States that was founded in 1999. It is an affiliate of the Rabbinical Seminary of America - Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim of New York City. The school employs a curriculum of college preparatory as well as Torah studies. Torah High is the first girls' Orthodox Jewish high school in the city of San Diego and currently the only Orthodox Jewish girls' single-sex education high school in San Diego county. Torah High is also the first", "title": "Torah High Schools of San Diego" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of towns that fell in the first category were Avola and Noto, their former locations now being known as Avola Antica and Noto Antica. Catania is an example of a city that was rebuilt on the same site to a new plan, while adapting some of the existing structures. Syracuse is an example of a city rebuilt entirely to its existing plan. Ragusa was partly rebuilt on its old site to the medieval plan (\"Ragusa Ibla\") and partly on a new, but neighbouring site, to a 'modern' plan (\"Ragusa Superiore\"). The degree and extent of the damage caused by the", "title": "1693 Sicily earthquake" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "figures of the OVA's characters were released. Not until December 2007 was the anime officially announced, after which details were slowly released, such as the casting of the remaining main characters that had no lines in the OVA. Two separate light novel series have been published. The first, , was written by Noboru Yamaguchi and illustrated by Hashigo Ueda. The first volume was published in Japan in October 2006, and as of June 11, 2009, 3 volumes have been published. A fourth volume, originally scheduled for Spring 2009, is in production. The Suomus Misfits Squadron series is set in a", "title": "Strike Witches" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "this somehow became Gemito in orphanage records. On July 30, 1852, he was adopted by a young family that had recently lost a child. The father was an artisan, and as a young child Gemito was probably encouraged to use his hands. He was working as an apprentice in painter and sculptor Emanuele Caggiano's studio before he was 10 years old, demonstrating a dexterity and inventiveness which he eventually became famous for. He also worked in Stanislao Lista's studio. As a 12-year-old he was enrolled at the Naples Academy of Fine Art (where he became a lifelong friend of artist", "title": "Vincenzo Gemito" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was complete, Theresa was hired as a Financial Assistance Specialist and an Employment Services specialist for the LIGGS program with Cottonwood County Family Services in Windom, Minnesota from 1995-99. After the county job, Theresa switched careers to the Minnesota Department of Human Services in St Paul, Minnesota as a business analyst from 1999-2005. Theresa became the president of the Minnesota Social Service Association in 2004. While working for the Minnesota Department of Human Services, Theresa became one of the founders of the Minnesota Electronic Child Care system, the first online child care assistance application. The Minnesota Electronic Child Care system", "title": "Theresa Johnson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the grave. Finding a suitable burial place became an issue for the top echelons of the regime, including Hermann Göring, Rudolf Heß, Joseph Goebbels, Werner von Blomberg and even Adolf Hitler. Rumours circulated that Löns had been Jewish, a social democrat or a pacifist. His alcohol abuse and \"womanising\" also became an issue. To deal with what was increasingly becoming an embarrassing situation for the regime, on 30 November 1934 members of the Sturmabteilung (SA), apparently on orders from Goebbels, snatched the remains from the graveyard chapel in Fallingbostel where they were awaiting reburial. They buried them near the roadside", "title": "Hermann Löns" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "this respect and others, the first book shines a light into the second. The adult who behaved like a child is explained, in large part, by the child who had to behave like an adult.\". John Purcell said \"In \"Working Class Man\" Jimmy tells us in his famously direct and raw style, what it was really like to be in Cold Chisel, one of Australia’s most iconic bands, as well as what life was like as a record breaking solo artist. Jimmy does not flinch, he tells it as it is: the drugs, the sex, the money, the highs and", "title": "Working Class Man (memoir)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "began attending Jewish services. She took a year off to study the Torah and Talmud full-time. When she returned from her sabbatical, she applied what she studied to her practice. She also began teaching child-rearing classes and working with families using traditional Jewish teachings, particularly from Hasidic Judaism, as a guide to raising \"good people,\" regardless of their religious background. Her research and its application in her practice became the foundation of \"The Blessing of a Skinned Knee\" and her subsequent books. Mogel is an active author and public speaker on the topic of effective parenting and has spoken at", "title": "Wendy Mogel" } ]

[ "illiteracy" ]

[ "With such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work. Other factors that lead to the decline of child labour included financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Dominican Republic" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago, while the Bangladeshi-born immigrant population has become one of the fastest growing in the city, counting over 74,000 by 2011. Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles. New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper. The New York City borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "wave of immigration from Cuba. Most were outcasts, mainly poor and uneducated and many being former prisoners. In September 2014, immigrants from Cuba were the sixty-third largest foreign-born population in Baltimore. At, 1,111 people, Dominican Americans made up 0.2% of Baltimore's population. In September 2014, immigrants from the Dominican Republic were the thirteenth largest foreign-born population in Baltimore. There are approximately 1,000 Ecuadorian Americans living in Baltimore. In September 2014, immigrants from Ecuador were the twelfth largest foreign-born population in Baltimore. During the mid-1980s, many Guatemalans fled to Baltimore in order to escape the Guatemalan Civil War. Most are settling", "title": "Ethnic groups in Baltimore" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and approved on June 13, 1836. A site was purchased on the east side of Juniper Street below Market Street and on September 19, 1837, the cornerstone was laid. The school opened on October 26, 1838 with four professors and sixty-three students. In November 1839, Alexander Dallas Bache, great grandson of Benjamin Franklin, and Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, was elected the first President of Central High School. President Bache resigned in 1842 to return to his professorship at the University of Pennsylvania, and was succeeded by John Seely Hart, who had been a", "title": "Central High School (Philadelphia)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Teeth (band) Teeth is a Filipino rock band formed in 1993. The band is currently composed of Glenn Jacinto on vocals, Jerome Velasco on guitars, Pedz Narvaja on bass, Mike Dizon on drums, and Dok Sergio on guitars (formerly on bass). Their music style is a mix of Alternative rock and grunge. The band is well known for the hits, \"Laklak\", \"Prinsesa\" and \"Shooting Star\". The Filipino grunge band Teeth was born during the alternative rock boom of the 1990s and exploded onto the airwaves with \"Laklak\", a tale of youthful excess that became an anthem for drinking. The track", "title": "Teeth (band)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "amateur and international game, tiebreakers are used prompting an earlier conclusion during extra innings: If a tiebreaker is used, after a certain extra innings (usually 3 or 4, determined by organizer before the tournament), the innings will start with the previous two batter loaded. Ties are somewhat rare in basketball due to the high-scoring nature of the game: if the score is tied at the end of regulation, the rules provide that as many extra periods as necessary will be played until one side has a higher score. If a game is non-competitive (such as an exhibition game), a draw", "title": "Tie (draw)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anna Rajan Anna Reshma Rajan is an Indian film actress who mainly appears in Malayalam films. She made her debut in 2017 with the film \"Angamaly Diaries\". She worked as a nurse in a private hospital in Kochi before making her first foray into films. Anna Rajan hails from Aluva in Kerala. She worked as a nurse in Rajagiri Hospital in Kochi before foraying into films. She was identified by producer Vijay Babu and director Lijo Jose Pellissery after seeing her face in a hoarding in Kerala. They made her audition for the role of Lichy in \"Angamaly Diaries\". Including", "title": "Anna Rajan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "be erected in 72 hours and dismantled in 60 hours by a specialist team. Transport requires seven 20-foot container lorries, ten open trailer lorries, and one closed trailer lorry. Its 42-passenger cars can be loaded either 3 or 6 at a time, and each car can carry 8 people. Bussink R60 wheels have operated in Australia (Brisbane), Canada (Niagara Falls), France (Paris), Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur & Malacca), UK (Belfast, Birmingham, Manchester, Sheffield), US (Atlanta, Myrtle Beach), and elsewhere. Other notable transportable wheels include the Steiger Ferris Wheel, which was the world's tallest transportable wheel when it began operating in 1980.", "title": "Ferris wheel" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "come from the neighbouring countries. As of 2011, the number of foreigners in an enumerated total of 10,815,197 people was 911,299. Foreign-born by country (Eurostat): Greece has received many illegal immigrants beginning in the 1990s and continuing during the 2000s and 2010s. Migrants make use of the many islands in the Aegean Sea, directly west of Turkey. A spokesman for the European Union's border control agency said that the Greek-Albanian border is \"one of Europe's worst-affected external land borders.\" Migrants across the Evros region bordering Turkey face land-mines. Principal illegal immigrants include Albanians, Indians, Kurds, Afghans, Iraqis and Somalis. Being", "title": "Demographics of Greece" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "secondary schools in Oslo, 25% of Muslims pray regularly while 12% attend religious services weekly. Muslims in Norway are a very fragmented group, coming from many different backgrounds. Kari Vogt estimated in 2000 that there were about 500 Norwegian converts to Islam. The rest are mostly first or second generation immigrants from a number of countries. The largest immigrant communities from Muslim countries in Norway are from Pakistan, Iraq and Somalia: An unknown, but presumably high, proportion of these immigrant populations is Muslim. In other words, the largest group of Norwegian Muslims originate in Pakistan, but no single nationality constitute", "title": "Islam in Norway" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "onwards. In 2009, immigration reached its highest level since records began with 102,280 people emigrating to Sweden. In 2010, 32,000 people applied for asylum to Sweden, a 25% increase from 2009, the highest amount in Swedish history. In 2009, Sweden had the fourth largest number of asylum applications in the EU and the largest number per capita after Cyprus and Malta. As of 2014, 23.4% of Switzerland's population are foreign born (with nearly 40% from Germany). Since the 1970s Switzerland's foreign born population has remained over 15% of the total population. Switzerland and Australia are the two countries with the", "title": "Immigration by country" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "immigrants were able to enter mainly urban cities within the U.S that provided blue-collar work opportunities. Jamaican immigrants utilized employment opportunities despite the discriminatory policies that affected some Caribbean émigrés. At present, Jamaicans are the largest group of American immigrants from the English-speaking Caribbean. However, it is difficult to verify the exact number of Jamaican Americans in this country because most of them assimilate into the wider black community. The 1990 census placed the total number of documented Jamaican Americans at 435,025. According to the text of Immigrant America (p. 69), there were 554,897 Jamaican-born people living in the U.S.", "title": "Jamaican Americans" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "other heritage. There are also a significant number of people from the Horn of Africa, immigrants from Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia. With so many immigrant groups, there are often multilingual signs in the linguistic landscape. According to U.S. Census American Community Survey data released in December 2013, 23 percent of Dallas County residents were foreign-born, while 16 percent of Tarrant County residents were foreign-born. Recognized for having the sixth largest lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population in the nation, DFW is widely noted for being home to a thriving and diverse LGBT community. Throughout the year there are many", "title": "Dallas" } ]

[ "Dominican Republic" ]

[ "Approximately 37% of the city's population is foreign born. In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011 were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago, while the Bangladeshi immigrant population has since become one of the fastest growing in the city, counting over 74,000 by 2013." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Torres Garcia" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia, after his death in 1949. She also set up the García Torres Foundation, a private non-profit organization that organizes the paintings, drawings, original writings, archives, objects and furniture designed by the painter as well as the photographs, magazines and publications related to him. There are several other important art museums in Montevideo. The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay's largest collection of paintings. The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Museo Torres García The Museo Torres García is located in the historic Ciudad Vieja (Old Town) of Montevideo where unusual portraits of historical icons and cubist paintings akin to Picasso's paintings, painted by Joaquín Torres García are exhibited. The museum was established by Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia after his death in 1949 who also set up the García Torres Foundation, a private non-profit organization which organizes the paintings, drawings, original writings, archives, objects and furniture designed by the painter as well as the photographs, magazines and publications related to him. The museum attracts over 85,000 visitors", "title": "Museo Torres García" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Manolita Piña Manolita Piña Torres-Garcia (\"née Rubies \"24 February 1883 – 11 June 1994) was the Catalan wife of Joaquín Torres García. She was known as \"Doña Manolita\" in Uruguay.\" \"She was considered to be an \"inseparable companion\" to Torres García, accompanied him to conferences, exhibitions and supported all of his artistic endeavors. In many ways, she was \"like his shadow.\" Founder of the museum, the Museo Torres Garcia in Montevideo. Piña Torres was born in Barcelona, Spain on 24 February 1883 and died in Montevideo on 11 June 1994. Piña Torres was classically educated by her wealthy parents and", "title": "Manolita Piña" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "portraiture for her husband and the subject of others'other's paintings, as well, including artist, Rafael Barradas. She was honored in 2000 by the Cultural Center Foundation, Caixa Terrassa. Manolita Piña Manolita Piña Torres-Garcia (\"née Rubies \"24 February 1883 – 11 June 1994) was the Catalan wife of Joaquín Torres García. She was known as \"Doña Manolita\" in Uruguay.\" \"She was considered to be an \"inseparable companion\" to Torres García, accompanied him to conferences, exhibitions and supported all of his artistic endeavors. In many ways, she was \"like his shadow.\" Founder of the museum, the Museo Torres Garcia in Montevideo. Piña", "title": "Manolita Piña" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia, after his death in 1949. She also set up the García Torres Foundation, a private non-profit organization that organizes the paintings, drawings, original writings, archives, objects and furniture designed by the painter as well as the photographs, magazines and publications related to him. There are several other important art museums in Montevideo. The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay's largest collection of paintings. The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "She felt that although she had stopped painting herself, that her opinion on art was always welcome. She may have continued to do some art, since there is a record of a master quality woodcut in a book, \"Notes on Art\" by Torres Garcia (1913). She says that politics were one of the few things she argued about with her husband. She was known to help artists who were suffering from political persecution. Two of her grandchildren were imprisoned and in exile and her home was searched for them. Piña Torres also refused to move back to Barcelona because of", "title": "Manolita Piña" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and legacy which she accomplished at age 106. Piña Torres set up the foundation to support the Museo Torres Garcia and helped found the museum which was initially opened on 29 July 1953. The museum went through a long, difficult history until the government of Uruguay stabilized and the museum was inaugurated in its current form in 1986. Piña Torres was credited with enthusiasm and strength in working towards the creation of the museum. In addition to creating the foundation and the museum, she also set up an archive to document his life's work. She was often a subject of", "title": "Manolita Piña" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "disciples. It was Semler who induced him to turn his attention to the textual criticism of the New Testament. At the close of his undergraduate career he undertook a literary tour through Germany, the Netherlands, France and England. In England he may have met Henry Owen whose seminal work \"Observations on the Four Gospels\" (1764) is listed among the books of Griesbach's estate, although he does not seem to have acknowledged any indebtedness to Owen. On his return to Halle, Griesbach acted for some time as \"Privatdozent\", but in 1773 was appointed to a professorial chair; in 1775 he went", "title": "Johann Jakob Griesbach" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1908 she entered the Paris Conservatory, where Gabriel Fauré was then the director. Fauré formed a high opinion of her voice —and her statuesque beauty— and would accompany her personally in performances of his songs. She left the Conservatory in 1912 after winning three first prizes for her singing, and she was immediately in demand for performances. Throughout most of her career however she continued to take voice lessons, studying for 10 years from 1912 with the Franco-Russian soprano Félia Litvinne. She would later work on roles with Lilli Lehmann and Marie Gutheil-Schoder. She also studied with Jean de Reszke,", "title": "Germaine Lubin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "has since combined day-to-day operations with its sister paper, The Turlock Journal, in Turlock, CA . Jeff Benziger was appointed Editor in 1987. There is also a Spanish-language paper. Ceres hosts annual events at different times of the year. Spring brings the Ceres Street Faire on the first weekend in May. Concert in the Park is a regular summer event. Halloween Fun Festival marks the Fall followed by the colorful, and much-attended, Christmas Tree Lane opening ceremony. The first non-native families that inhabited Ceres were those of John Service, Cassius Warner, and Daniel Whitmore in the year 1867. Daniel C.", "title": "Ceres, California" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CSIIS work. Many Nexor employees (current and former) have made contributions to the Internet or business community, including: Nexor Nexor Limited is a privately held company based in Nottingham, providing product and services to safeguard government, defence and critical national infrastructure computer systems. It was originally known as X-Tel Services Limited. Nexor Limited was founded in 1989 as X-Tel Services Limited out of the University of Nottingham and UCL, following research into X.400 and X.500 systems for the ISODE project. In 1992 Stephen Kingan joined the business as CEO. In 1993 X-Tel Services Limited was renamed Nexor Limited. In 1996", "title": "Nexor" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Don McKellar Don McKellar (born August 17, 1963) is a Canadian actor, writer, and filmmaker. He was part of a loosely-affiliated group of filmmakers to emerge from Toronto known as the Toronto New Wave. McKellar was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Marjorie Kay (Stirrett), a teacher, and John Duncan McKellar, a corporate lawyer. He attended Glenview Senior Public School, Lawrence Park Collegiate Institute and later studied English at the University of Toronto's Victoria College. McKellar married his longtime partner, Canadian actress Tracy Wright, on January 3, 2010. Wright died from cancer on June 22, 2010. McKellar was a", "title": "Don McKellar" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Academy of San Carlos. Salomé Pina died in 1909. At the time of his death, his works had largely become unpopular with his students as the contemporary Mexican art had trended away from religious art. Both Germán Gedovius and Diego Rivera studied under Salomé Pina. In the modern day, he is remembered as an important art figure in Mexican history. His most famous works are \"Sansón y Dalila\" and \"San Carlos Borromeo en la peste de Roma\". José Salomé Pina José Salomé Pina (1830 – 1909) was a Mexican painter. Together with Santiago Rebull Gordillo and José María Velasco", "title": "José Salomé Pina" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "be overlooked in his chronicles. The introduction to the chronicle of King Duarte contains the fullest account of Pinas' life. Royal Chronicles: (by chronological order of reigns): Rui de Pina Rui (or Ruy) de Pina (1440–1522) was a Portuguese chronicler. Rui (or Ruy) de Pina was a native of Guarda. He acted as secretary of the embassy sent by King John II of Portugal to Castile in the spring of 1482, and in the following September returned there as sole envoy. He was present at the execution of Fernando II, Duke of Braganza at Évora in 1483, and in 1484", "title": "Rui de Pina" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of . Rosh Pina is located north of the Sea of Galilee, on the eastern slopes of Mount Kna'an, approximately east of the city of Safed, above sea level, latitude north 32° 58', longitude east 35° 31'. North of Rosh Pina is Lake Hula, which was a swamp area drained in the 1950s. Rosh Pina was one of the first modern Jewish agricultural settlements in history of the Land of Israel, then part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. Rosh Pina was established near the Arab village of al-Ja'una. In 1883, it became the first Jewish settlement in the Land of", "title": "Rosh Pinna" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "everything from Portuguese music to k.d. lang. In 1983, she played the role of La Principessa Lherimia in Federico Fellini's film \"And the Ship Sails On\". The made its American debut in Los Angeles as the opening performance of the 1984 Olympic Arts Festival. In 2009, Bausch started to collaborate with film director Wim Wenders on a 3D documentary, \"Pina\". The film premiered at the Berlin Film Festival in 2011. Bausch was married to Dutch-born Rolf Borzik, a set and costume designer who died of leukemia in 1980. Later that year she met Ronald Kay, and in 1981 they had", "title": "Pina Bausch" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pina Manique Dr. Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique (Lisbon, Santa Catarina, 3 October 1733 — Lisbon, Anjos, 1 July 1805) was a Portuguese magistrate. He was the son and heir of Pedro Damião de Pina Manique (Baptized Lisbon, Sé, 12 October 1704 - Lisbon, Santa Engrácia, 13 December 1756), who succeeded his father in the ground-rent of Knight-Fidalgo of the Royal Household (\"Alvará\" of 20 February 1715), 2nd Lord of the Office of Clerk of the Countery of the Masterdom of the Order of Christ, and 3rd Lord of the Majorat of São Joaquim, in the Village of Coina, who", "title": "Pina Manique" } ]

[ "Torres Garcia" ]

[ "The Museo Torres García is located in the Old Town, and exhibits Joaquín Torres García's unusual portraits of historical icons and cubist paintings akin to those of Picasso and Braque. The museum was established by Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia, after his death in 1949. She also set up the García Torres Foundation, a private non-profit organization that organizes the paintings, drawings, original writings, archives, objects and furniture designed by the painter as well as the photographs, magazines and publications related to him." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football." ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title-winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2011 Nobel Peace Prize The 2011 Nobel Peace Prize was jointly awarded to three female political activists. Two African and one Asian female were awarded for their persistence in obtaining equal rights for women. The joint laureated were: Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Liberian activist Leymah Gbowee and Yemeni politician Tawakkul Karman \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work\". In announcing the award on 7 October 2011, the chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, Thorbjørn Jagland, stressed the link between women's rights, peace and democracy. The winner is", "title": "2011 Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fine Arts Department The Fine Arts Department () is a government department of Thailand, under the Ministry of Culture. It is mainly tasked with overseeing the country's cultural heritage conservation. The department was originally established by King Vajiravudh in 1912, split off from the Palace's Religious Affairs Office, and was primarily concerned with protecting Buddhist monuments. In 1926, during the reign of King Prajadhipok, the department was merged into the Royal Society, along with the Museum Department and Archaeology Department, in effect consolidating several cultural heritage-related agencies. In 1933, following the abolition of absolute monarchy, the Royal Society's archaeological arm", "title": "Fine Arts Department" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Strategic War Game of 1905 The Strategic War Game of 1905 was a wargame run by the British General Staff between January and May 1905. The game was umpired by James Grierson, an expert on the German Army. There were three sides: Colonel Charles Edward Callwell played the British commander-in-chief, William Robertson played the German commander-in-chief with Arthur Lynden-Bell playing that of the Belgian Army. Grierson had been the British military attaché to Berlin from 1896-1900, where he had had experience of their Kriegsspiel. The scenario was: The rules from the 1896 British Wargame were adapted and German cycling maps", "title": "Strategic War Game of 1905" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "be a primitive feature in amniotes, present in amniote's most recent common ancestor. Synapsids would have retained their fenestrae, and so too would sauropsids except for turtles and most parareptiles. Another possibility under Laurin and Reisz's phylogeny is that lower temporal fenestrae evolved independently in mesosaurs, synapsids, diapsids, and some parareptiles, and that the lack of fenestrae is a primitive feature in amniotes. If instead mesosaurs are members of Parareptilia, the presence of temporal fenestrae is probably not a primitive feature in amniotes, and the lower temporal fenestrae in mesosaurs may be characteristic of a lineage of basal parareptiles that", "title": "Mesosaur" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Farryl Purkiss Farryl Purkiss is a South African-born singer-songwriter. Farryl first picked up the guitar when he was fifteen years old and began writing songs shortly after his sixteenth birthday. He self-released an EP in 2005 (\"Chapter One\") that created waves in his home town of Durban, and later that year he began talks with 2Feet Music. He was signed to 2Feet Music soon after and started performing heavily outside of South Africa, leading up to the release of his full-length debut album, released in South Africa in 2007, to high acclaim, chart success and award nominations. He has toured", "title": "Farryl Purkiss" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PL: Premier League<br> Coloring: Green: Won, Red: Lost, Yellow: Draw, Blue: Lost, but still gained league points (PL matches only) </small> The 2010 season was a very successful campaign for the Newcastle Diamonds. Although the Edinburgh Monarchs dominated the League, it was the Diamonds that took most silverware of the season by winning the Premier League Play-Offs (Against Sheffield Tigers), the Premier Trophy (Against Birmingham Brummies) and the Premier League KOC (Against Edinburgh Monarchs). The Diamonds also found success in the Super7even events, when the Dane Kenni Larsen won the Premier League Riders Championship to add a fourth honour to", "title": "Newcastle Diamonds" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2018–19 EFL Trophy The 2018–19 EFL Trophy, known as the Checkatrade Trophy for sponsorship reasons, is the 36th season in the history of the competition, a knock-out tournament for English football clubs in League One and League Two of the English football system, and also including 16 Premier League and Championship \"Academy teams\" with Category One status. Of the sixteen invited Category One academies, fourteen competed in the 2017–18 competition; only Arsenal and Wolverhampton Wanderers did not participate. Arsenal rejected an invitation to compete in each of the previous two tournaments, while Wolves were not invited to compete in 2017–18", "title": "2018–19 EFL Trophy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "November 8, 2006. Micho was at Orlando Pirates for 217days. On Tuesday 16 January 2007, Micho parted ways with Orlando Pirates. Micho joined Young Africans FC in 2007 Returned to Saint-George SA in 2007 up to 2010. St. George lifted the aforementioned Midroc Ethiopia Millennium trophy on June 1 with Saladin Said with an incredible 21 goals became top scorer 2007-2008, in 2008-2009 won the Ethiopian Premier league, Ethiopian national cup trophy and Ethiopian Super cup. In 2009-2010 won again the Ethiopian Premier League, he guided saint George to CECAFA CLUB CHAMPIONSHIP KAGAME CUP finals 2010 IN Kigali Rwanda though", "title": "Milutin Sredojević" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Force's sole premiership came as a stand-alone team in 2012. Adelaide Thunderbirds The Adelaide Thunderbirds is an Australian netball team based in Adelaide who compete in the Australian Suncorp Super Netball. The Thunderbirds were formed as one of the foundation teams of the Commonwealth Bank Trophy (CBT), previously the premier netball league in Australia, which was contested from 1997–2007. After the retirement of the CBT, the Thunderbirds were one of five Australian franchises included in the ANZ Championship. After the disbanding of the trans-tasman league, Adelaide joined the new look Suncorp Super Netball. To date, the Thunderbirds have won", "title": "Adelaide Thunderbirds" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "him in 2008, for a fee of £175,000. After two years he was signed by Scottish Premier League club Celtic for £2.4 million. In his first season with the club he was the top scorer and also won the 2011 Scottish Cup. Hooper has scored in the Premier League, Championship, League One, League Two, FA Cup, League Cup, Football League Trophy, FA Trophy, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, Scottish Cup, Scottish League Cup and the Scottish Premier League, the first and only player to achieve this feat. On top of this, he has also scored in the Conference National", "title": "Gary Hooper" } ]

[ "The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football." ]

[ "Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Denmark" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "their influence remained in the cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford and Wexford. England, however, was slowly conquered around the turn of the first millennium AD, and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark. The relations between the descendants of Vikings in England and counterparts in Normandy, in northern France, lay at the heart of a series of events that led to the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, which conquered England, remain associated to the English Crown as the Channel Islands to this day. A century later, the marriage of the future", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "their influence remained in the cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford and Wexford. England, however, was slowly conquered around the turn of the first millennium AD, and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark. The relations between the descendants of Vikings in England and counterparts in Normandy, in northern France, lay at the heart of a series of events that led to the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, which conquered England, remain associated to the English Crown as the Channel Islands to this day. A century later, the marriage of the future", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "German areas. Sweden also conquered vast areas from Denmark–Norway during the Northern Wars in the middle of the 17th century. Sweden also had several conflicts with Russia over Finland and other eastern areas of the country and after the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Sweden lost most of its territories outside the old Swedish border to Russia which then became the new major power in Northern Europe. After the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), the political map of the Nordic countries altered again. In 1809, Finland was conquered by Russian Empire from Sweden in the Finnish War, after which Finland became the autonomous", "title": "Nordic countries" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in November, Denmark joined the Treaty of the Hague in January 1674 and England made peace in the February 1674 Treaty of Westminster. Louis now focused on regaining territories conquered in 1667-1668 but returned at Aix-La-Chappelle, beginning with the Spanish possession of Franche-Comté. In February 1674, the duc de Navailles captured Gray, followed by Vesoul; Louvois, the Minister of War, originally planned to take Salins-les-Bains and Dole first but was persuaded to make Besançon their priority by the French military engineer Vauban. After the capture of Besançon in 1667, Vauban drew up plans for strengthening the defences; when it was", "title": "Siege of Besançon" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "marriage was intended to unite against the Viking threat. Upon their marriage, Emma was given the Anglo-Saxon name of Ælfgifu, which was used for formal and official matters, and became Queen of England. She received properties of her own in Winchester, Rutland, Devonshire, Suffolk, and Oxfordshire, as well as the city of Exeter. Æthelred and Emma had two sons, Edward the Confessor and Alfred Ætheling, and a daughter, Goda of England (or Godgifu). When King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark invaded and conquered England in 1013, Emma and her children were sent to Normandy, where Æthelred joined soon after. They returned", "title": "Emma of Normandy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "range reveal and in the lead up to the Daytona 500 weekend, a more powerful and better equipped export version of the VF Commodore SS also made its debut in Daytona, Florida, as the MY14 Chevrolet SS. To maximise the SS's profile in the United States, GM also replaced in NASCAR the Chevrolet Impala with the SS, which raced in Nascar's premier series through 2017, when it was replaced by the Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for the 2018 season. A Series II update (VF II) was launched in late 2015, introducing minor styling revisions at the front, while the biggest change", "title": "Holden Commodore" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "those hoping to move to the country. At the time of \"Backwoods Home's\" founding, Mother Earth had become a more \"slick\" publication. However, Duffy says he had never heard of \"Mother Earth News\" at that time, and that among his chief inspirations were scientific publications from the Middle Ages. Duffy has said, \"Although the emphasis has always been on self-reliance, I rode the environmental wagon a bit back then to try and attract subscribers, but quickly gave it up and followed my Libertarian leanings. My model was a type of scientific journal from the Middle Ages ... that mixed how-to", "title": "Backwoods Home Magazine" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "illustrate that people with a previous diagnosis of a mental illness could live normal lives with their health problems not obvious to observers from their behavior. Rosenhan experiment The Rosenhan experiment or Thud experiment was an experiment conducted to determine the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. The experimenters feigned hallucinations to enter psychiatric hospitals, and acted normally afterwards. They were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and were given antipsychotic drugs. The study was conducted by psychologist David Rosenhan, a Stanford University professor, and published by the journal \"Science\" in 1973 under the title \"On being sane in insane places\". It is considered", "title": "Rosenhan experiment" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China, and Ukraine. During this time, Dr. Goosby developed extensive international experience in the development of treatment guidelines for use of antiretroviral therapies, clinical mentoring and training of health professionals, and the design and implementation of local models of care for HIV/AIDS, focusing his expertise on the scale-up of sustainable HIV/AIDS treatment capacity, including the delivery of HIV antiretroviral drugs, within existing healthcare systems. On January 20, 2015, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed Eric Goosby of the United States as his new Special Envoy on Tuberculosis (TB). In this capacity, Dr. Goosby will work towards boosting the profile of", "title": "Eric Goosby" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "play in a gym on high school campus and the baseball team plays on their field located between the campus and Fair Park. Clarendon College, a two-year community college, maintains a campus in Childress. Texas Chainsaw Massacre film - Childress is mentioned in the movie as the location with the nearest pay phone. Brokeback Mountain book and movie - In both the movie and the book, Childress serves as the location from which Jack Twist's wife, Lureen, hails. American Pickers television show - In the episode Law & Hoarder, the show visits a local attorney and picks through his warehouse", "title": "Childress, Texas" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "many places, including Canada and 10 of the 50 US states (although importation and distribution is still federally prohibited). Beginning in 2014, Uruguay became the first country to legalize cultivation, sale, and consumption of cannabis for recreational use for adult residents. In 2018, Canada became the only second country to legalize use, sale and cultivation of cannabis. The first few weeks were met with extremely high demand, most shops being out of stock after operating for only four days. Cannabis use is tolerated in some areas, most notably the Netherlands which has legalized the possession and licensed sale (but not", "title": "Illegal drug trade" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was weakened, and by 1186, it was conquered by Stefan Nemanja and incorporated into the Serbian realm as a province named Zeta. After the Serbian Empire collapsed in the second half of the 14th century, the most powerful Zetan family, the Balšićs, became sovereigns of Zeta. In 1421, Zeta was annexed to the Serbian Despotate, but after 1455, another noble family from Zeta, the Crnojevićs, became sovereign rulers of the country, making it the last free monarchy of the Balkans before it fell to the Ottomans in 1496, and got annexed to the \"sanjak\" of Shkodër. During the reign of", "title": "Montenegro" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "remained in Egypt until Sennacherib conquered that country. After Sennacherib's fall Hezekiah gained possession of it, but when Josiah was slain by Pharaoh Necho, the latter took it away. However, according to rabbinical accounts, Necho did not know how the mechanism worked and so accidentally struck himself with one of the lions causing him to become lame; Nebuchadnezzar, into whose possession the throne subsequently came, shared a similar fate. The throne then passed to the Persians, whose king Darius was the first to sit successfully on Solomon's throne after his death; subsequently the throne came into the possession of the", "title": "Solomon" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "family became rulers of the town. From 1390, Montepulciano was a loyal ally (and later possession) of Florence and, until the mid-16th century, lived a period of splendour with architects such as Antonio da Sangallo the Elder, Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola, Baldassarre Peruzzi, and others, building luxurious residences and other edifices here. In 1559, when Siena was conquered by Florence and Montepulciano lost its strategic role, its importance declined. After the unification of Italy and the drying of the Val di Chiana, the town remained the most important agricultural centre in the area, while the industrial activities moved mostly next", "title": "Montepulciano" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laos and Thailand. One third of Burma's total perimeter of 1,930 kilometres (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Burma's population of over 60 million makes it the world's 24th most populous country and, at 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi), it is the world's 40th largest country and the second largest in Southeast Asia. The British conquered Burma after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony (a part of India until 1937 and then a separately administered colony). Burma became an independent nation in", "title": "United States House resolution on persecution of the Rohingya people in Burma" } ]

[ "Denmark" ]

[ "Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements, particularly along the east coast of Ireland, the west coast of modern-day Scotland and the Isle of Man. Though the Vikings were eventually neutralised in Ireland, their influence remained in the cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford and Wexford. England however was slowly conquered around the turn of the first millennium AD, and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark. The relations between the descendants of Vikings in England and counterparts in Normandy, in northern France, lay at the heart of a series of events that led to the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, which conquered England, remain associated to the English Crown as the Channel Islands to this day. A century later the marriage of the future Henry II of England to Eleanor of Aquitaine created the Angevin Empire, partially under the French Crown. At the invitation of a provincial king and under the authority of Pope Adrian IV (the only Englishman to be elected pope), the Angevins invaded Ireland in 1169. Though initially intended to be kept as an independent kingdom, the failure of the Irish High King to ensure the terms of the Treaty of Windsor led Henry II, as King of England, to rule as effective monarch under the title of Lord of Ireland. This title was granted to his younger son but when Henry's heir unexpectedly died the title of King of England and Lord of Ireland became entwined in one person." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators." ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "two members. Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn by the National Elections Commission and is elected by a plurality of the popular vote of their district into a six-year term. The Senate is made up of two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators. Senators serve nine-year terms and are elected at-large by a plurality of the popular vote. The vice president serves as the President of the Senate, with a President pro tempore serving in their absence. Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members", "title": "Liberia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "two members. Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn by the National Elections Commission and is elected by a plurality of the popular vote of their district into a six-year term. The Senate is made up of two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators. Senators serve nine-year terms and are elected at-large by a plurality of the popular vote. The vice president serves as the President of the Senate, with a President pro tempore serving in their absence. Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members", "title": "Liberia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with the group's inflatable pink pig floating above it. The photographs were taken in early December 1976 and the inflatable pig was made by the German company Ballon Fabrik and Australian artist Jeffrey Shaw. The inflatable pig was tethered to one of the power station's southern chimneys, but broke loose from its moorings and, to the astonishment of pilots in approaching planes, drifted into the flight path of Heathrow Airport. Police helicopters tracked its course, until it landed in Kent. Video footage of the photoshoot was used in the promotional video for the song \"Pigs on the Wing\". The album", "title": "Battersea Power Station" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "brother, Michael Jackson. In 2010, Jackson returned to performing at the Essence Music Festival in New Orleans, Louisiana. Jackson's performance was praised by both media and spectators, also breaking Beyoncé's attendance record at the Louisiana Superdome. Upon performing a private concert at New York's Radio City Music Hall, she became inspired to tour with an intimate show. In November, Jackson posted a video on her official website announcing details of her upcoming tour. She deemed it the \"largest world tour I've ever done\" while revealing its concept of an intimate gathering with fans. She exclusively performed her catalog of number", "title": "Number Ones, Up Close and Personal" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to these days, both Kajuh as a person and his poetry are considered one of the most important symbols of the Slovenian National Liberation Struggle during World War II. A primary school in Ljubljana and the Kajuh Literary Prize are named after him, as are several streets and squares throughout Slovenia. In Celje, a whole town district is named after him. Together with Matej Bor and Edvard Kocbek, Kajuh is regarded as one of the most important poets of the Anti-Fascist Liberation War in the Slovene Lands. Karel Destovnik Karel Destovnik, pen name and nom de guerre Kajuh (Slovene convention:", "title": "Karel Destovnik" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moscow. In 1956, she defended her first dissertation (kandidatsakaia disertatcia) and became among the first doctors from Armenia to have postdoctoral training in Moscow. Adelaida was chosen to travel to Indonesia as an ambassador, guided with the task of reorganize the health care system. Adelaida declined this offer to offer her services in Armenia. She became the director of the laboratory of nutrition hygiene in Yerevan. While heading the department, Adelaida also defended her doctoral dissertation in 1976, which was a result of 20 years of research in the biomedical field. Over the course of her medical research career, she", "title": "Adelaida Avagyan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "educational programmes. But Muslim Brotherhood associates and affiliates here have at times had significant influence on the largest UK Muslim student organisation, national organisations which have claimed to represent Muslim communities (and on that basis have sought and had a dialogue with Government), charities and some mosques. Though their domestic influence has declined organisations associated with the Muslim Brotherhood continue to have an influence here which is disproportionate to their size;\" \"the Muslim Brotherhood in the UK claimed to act in support of Muslim communities here and use London as a base for activism elsewhere, notably with other Muslim Brotherhood", "title": "2014 UK government review of the Muslim Brotherhood" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1972 United States Senate election in Delaware The United States Senate election in Delaware, 1972 was held November 7, 1972. Incumbent Republican United States Senator J. Caleb Boggs ran for a third term in the United States Senate. Boggs faced off against Joe Biden, a New Castle County Councilman. Though Senator Boggs was expected to easily win a third term over the then-unknown Biden, it ended up being the closest Senate election in 1972, and Biden narrowly beat out Boggs by a little over three thousand votes, winning what would be his first of seven terms. Longtime Delaware political figure", "title": "1972 United States Senate election in Delaware" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "responsible for the Chamber during the sittings, Pages now assist Senators in Senate Committee meetings, and also work in the Senate Administration when the Senate is not in session. These added tasks provide the Pages with a broader understanding of the functions of the Senate. As the workload has increased, the size of the Senate Page Program has expanded, first to eight Pages and then to fifteen in 1995. Today, the Senate Page Program is made up of 15 young men and women from all over Canada. While many have moved on to other endeavors, several Senate Pages have moved", "title": "Canadian Senate Page Program" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "complete his multi-volume history. President Roosevelt offered Dodd the position on June 8, 1933, and sent the Senate his nomination to be U.S. Ambassador to Germany on June 10, 1933. He was confirmed the same day. Before his departure, Dodd's old friend Carl Sandburg told him he needed \"to find out what this man Hitler is made of, what makes his brain go round, what his blood and bones are made of\" and still \"be brave and truthful, keep your poetry and integrity.\" He left for Germany on July 5, 1933, accompanied by his wife and two adult children. His", "title": "William Dodd (ambassador)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "deciding to retire in 2006. The leader of the Massachusetts Republican caucus since 1993, Lees was just one of six Republicans in the State Senate in his final term, which is made up of forty senators. A fiscal conservative and social moderate, Lees is considered pro-choice and tends to vote with the gun lobby. Within the walls of the State House, Lees is known as a consensus builder by creating and sustaining debate in the Senate chamber. Lees was instrumental in the installation of television cameras inside the Senate chamber, so that the proceedings could be viewed by the public.", "title": "Brian Lees" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A. C. Clemons A. C. \"Ace\" Clemons, Jr. (April 16, 1921 – October 19, 1992), was the first Republican to serve in the Louisiana State Senate since Reconstruction, after he switched his party affiliation in 1970, during his term. However, he was never elected to office as a Republican. Clemons was elected as a Democrat in 1960, 1964, and 1968 from what is now District 14 in southwestern Louisiana, which then included portions of five parishes: Allen, Beauregard, Calcasieu, Cameron, and Jefferson Davis. This was part of the Acadiana region, made up of twenty-two parishes. During and after Reconstruction, African", "title": "A. C. Clemons" } ]

[ "two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators." ]

[ "The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House, led by a speaker, has 73 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members. Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn by the National Elections Commission and is elected by a plurality of the popular vote of their district into a six-year term. The Senate is made up of two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators. Senators serve nine-year terms and are elected at-large by a plurality of the popular vote. The vice president serves as the President of the Senate, with a President pro tempore serving in their absence." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "adenine" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine. The specificity of base pairing occurs because adenine and thymine align to form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary, with their sequence of bases matching such that the adenines of one strand are paired with the thymines of the other strand, and so on. Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose;", "title": "Gene" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "guanine. Purines consist of a double ring structure, a six membered and a five membered ring containing nitrogen. The pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine. It has a single ringed structure, a six membered ring containing nitrogen. A purine base always pairs with a pyrimidine base (guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) and adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) or uracil (U)). DNA's secondary structure is predominantly determined by base-pairing of the two polynucleotide strands wrapped around each other to form a double helix. Although the two strands are aligned by hydrogen bonds in base pairs, the stronger forces holding the", "title": "Nucleic acid structure" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "DNA contain a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nucleobase. The four types of nucleotide correspond to the four nucleobases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, commonly abbreviated as A, C, G and T. Adenine and guanine are purine bases, while cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. These nucleotides form phosphodiester bonds, creating the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone of the DNA double helix with the nucleobases pointing inward (i.e., toward the opposing strand). Nucleobases are matched between strands through hydrogen bonds to form base pairs. Adenine pairs with thymine (two hydrogen bonds), and guanine pairs with cytosine (three hydrogen bonds). DNA strands have a", "title": "DNA replication" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "form hydrogen bonds between opposing DNA strands to form the rungs of the \"twisted ladder\" or double helix of DNA or a biological catalyst that is found in the nucleotides. Adenine is always paired with thymine, and guanine is always paired with cytosine. These are known as base pairs. Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine in DNA and two hydrogen bonds with uracil in RNA, while three hydrogen bonds are formed between guanine and cytosine. There are a variety of other non-canonical base pairs that occur in nature due to the versatility of these molecular structures. Uracil is only", "title": "Nitrogenous base" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "is replicated in segments known as Okazaki fragments. The importance of an antiparallel DNA double helix structure is because of its hydrogen bonding between the complimentary nitrogenous base pairs. If the DNA structure were to be parallel, the hydrogen bonding would not be possible, as the base pairs would not be paired in the known way. The four base pairs are: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, where adenine compliments thymine, and guanine compliments cytosine. Transcription would be another problem if the DNA structure were to be parallel, making no sense of the information being read from the DNA. This would", "title": "Antiparallel (biochemistry)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of two antiparallel strands which are oriented in opposite directions. DNA is composed of base pairs in which adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. While DNA serves as template for production of ribonucleic acid (RNA), RNA is usually responsible for making protein. The process of making RNA from DNA is called transcription. RNA uses a similar set of bases except that thymine is replaced with uracil. A group of enzymes called RNA polymerases (isolated by biochemists Jerard Hurwitz and Samuel B. Weiss) function in the presence of DNA. These enzymes produce RNA using segments of chromosomal DNA", "title": "Chimeric RNA" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the cell, the conjugated bonds of nucleotide bases align perpendicular to the axis of the DNA molecule, minimizing their interaction with the solvation shell. The four bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). These four bases are attached to the sugar-phosphate to form the complete nucleotide, as shown for adenosine monophosphate. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, forming A-T and G-C base pairs. The nucleobases are classified into two types: the purines, A and G, which are fused five- and six-membered heterocyclic compounds, and the pyrimidines, the six-membered rings C", "title": "DNA" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "273,871 base pairs of DNA – fewer than the 316,667 pairs in the original chromosome. In March 2017 6 yeast chromosomes were reported to have been synthesized. DNA sequences have been described which use newly created nucleobases to form a third base pair, in addition to the two base pairs found in nature, A-T (adenine – thymine) and G-C (guanine – cytosine). Multiple research groups have been searching for a third base pair for DNA, including teams led by Steven A. Benner, Philippe Marliere, and Ichiro Hirao. Some new base pairs have been reported. In 2012, a group of American", "title": "Artificial gene synthesis" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "polymerases. Most commonly this is used in cloning PCR products created by such an enzyme. The product is joined with a linear DNA molecule with 3' thymine overhangs. Since adenine and thymine form a base pair, this facilitates the joining of the two molecules by a ligase, yielding a circular molecule. Here is an example of an A-overhang: Longer overhangs are called \"cohesive ends\" or \"sticky ends\". They are most often created by restriction endonucleases when they cut DNA. Very often they cut the two DNA strands four base pairs from each other, creating a four-base 5' overhang in one", "title": "Sticky and blunt ends" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of nucleic acids. The purine bases adenine and guanine and pyrimidine base cytosine occur in both DNA and RNA, while the pyrimidine bases thymine (in DNA) and uracil (in RNA) in just one. Adenine forms a base pair with thymine with two hydrogen bonds, while guanine pairs with cytosine with three hydrogen bonds. Nucleotides can be synthesized by a variety of means both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, protecting groups may be used during laboratory production of nucleotides. A purified nucleoside is protected to create a phosphoramidite, which can then be used to obtain analogues not found in", "title": "Nucleotide" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of non-canonical base pairs in double stranded DNA results in a disrupted double helix. Non-canonical base pairing A non-canonical base pairing is an interaction between two bases of a nucleic acid other than the standard base pairings, which are adenine–thymine in DNA, adenine–uracil in RNA, and cytosine–guanine in both. There are three main types of non-canonical base pairs: those stabilized by polar hydrogen bonds, those having interactions among C−H and O/N groups, and those that have hydrogen bonds between the bases themselves. Non-canonical base pairings commonly occur in the secondary structure of RNA (e.g. pairing of G with U), and", "title": "Non-canonical base pairing" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "guanine. If this happens during DNA replication, a guanine will be inserted as the opposite base analog, and in the next DNA replication, that guanine will pair with a cytosine. This results in a change in one base pair of DNA, specifically a transition mutation. Additionally, HNO2, or nitrous acid is a potent mutagen that acts on replicating and non-replicating DNA. It can cause deamination of the amino groups of Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine. Adenine is deaminated to hypoxanthine, which base pairs to cytosine instead of thymine. Cytosine is deaminated to uracil, which base pairs with Adenine instead of Guanine.", "title": "Nucleic acid analogue" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pribnow box The Pribnow box (also known as the Pribnow-Schaller box) is the sequence \"TATAAT\" of six nucleotides (thymine, adenine, thymine, etc.) that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria. It is an idealized or consensus sequence—that is, it shows the most frequently occurring base at each position in a large number of promoters analyzed; individual promoters often vary from the consensus at one or more positions. It is also commonly called the -10 sequence, because it is centered roughly 10 base pairs upstream from the site of initiation of transcription.", "title": "Pribnow box" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "XDNA xDNA (also known as \"expanded DNA\" or \"benzo-homologated DNA\") is a size-expanded nucleotide system synthesized from the fusion of a benzene ring and one of the four natural bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. This size expansion produces an 8 letter alphabet which has a larger information density by a factor of 2 compared to natural DNA's (often referred to as B-DNA in literature) 4 letter alphabet. As with normal base-pairing, A pairs with xT, C pairs with xG, G pairs with xC, and T pairs with xA. The double helix is thus 2.4Å wider than a natural double", "title": "XDNA" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "uracil produces thymine. In DNA, the evolutionary substitution of thymine for uracil may have increased DNA stability and improved the efficiency of DNA replication (discussed below). Uracil pairs with adenine through hydrogen bonding. When base pairing with adenine, uracil acts as both a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor. In RNA, uracil binds with a ribose sugar to form the ribonucleoside uridine. When a phosphate attaches to uridine, uridine 5'-monophosphate is produced. Uracil undergoes amide-imidic acid tautomeric shifts because any nuclear instability the molecule may have from the lack of formal aromaticity is compensated by the cyclic-amidic stability.", "title": "Uracil" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "T being found in DNA while A, G, C, and U are found in RNA. Thymine and uracil are identical excepting that T includes a methyl group that U lacks. Adenine and guanine have a fused-ring skeletal structure derived of purine, hence they are called purine bases. Similarly, the simple-ring structure of cytosine, uracil, and thymine is derived of pyrimidine, so those three bases are called the pyrimidine bases. Each of the base pairs in a typical double-helix DNA comprises a purine and a pyrimidine: either an A paired with a T or a C paired with a G. These", "title": "Nucleobase" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "icosahedral. The replication of this virus usually occurs near the nucleus once it infects the amoeba. Once the virus infects it can cause a shape change in the host’s nucleus. This family contains some of the largest viruses ever discovered. They have linear double stranded DNA genomes with the length of 1,259,197 base pairs, which is larger than some small bacteria. Within in this genome 1,100 proteins are coded. 74.76% of the base pairs are represented by thymine and adenine. The \"Megaviridae\" virus can be found infecting acanthamoeba or other protozoan clades. Once the virus infects the host, the replication", "title": "Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "may improve reporters, and can be used as an affinity tag for interstrand bonding. XDNA xDNA (also known as \"expanded DNA\" or \"benzo-homologated DNA\") is a size-expanded nucleotide system synthesized from the fusion of a benzene ring and one of the four natural bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. This size expansion produces an 8 letter alphabet which has a larger information density by a factor of 2 compared to natural DNA's (often referred to as B-DNA in literature) 4 letter alphabet. As with normal base-pairing, A pairs with xT, C pairs with xG, G pairs with xC, and T", "title": "XDNA" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "model of DNA, the pairing of nucleotide subunits. In DNA, the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. The A:T and C:G pairs are structurally similar. In particular, the length of each base pair is the same and they fit equally between the two sugar-phosphate backbones. The base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, a type of chemical attraction that is easy to break and easy to reform. After realizing the structural similarity of the A:T and C:G pairs, Watson and Crick soon produced their double helix model of DNA", "title": "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "test takes advantage of electrical currents and differences in melting points of fragments of DNA or RNA to move them based on their molecular weight; the differences in mobility of the fragments then can be analyzed to determine different sequences and to detect individual alleles. Different nucleotides in DNA are codes for certain proteins, which are formed by different patterns of the base pairs adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. The combination of adenine and thymine and guanine and cytosine align on the double strands of DNA. The test results found \"an aberrant DGGE pattern of exon 3 of the EDNRB", "title": "ABCD syndrome" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "oestrogen. In 2015, researchers at Brown University discovered that 10% of zebrafish genes do not need to rely on the U2AF2 protein to initiate RNA splicing. These genes have the DNA base pairs AC and TG as repeated sequences at the ends of each intron. On the 3'ss (3' splicing site), the base pairs adenine and cytosine alternate and repeat, and on the 5'ss (5' splicing site), their complements thymine and guanine alternate and repeat as well. They found that there was less reliance on U2AF2 protein than in humans, in which the protein is required for the splicing process", "title": "Zebrafish" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "instead of cytosine. This results in a post-replicative transition mutation, where the original G-C base pair transforms into an A-T base pair. Correction of this mutation involves the use of alkyladenine glycosylase (Aag) during base excision repair. Deamination of adenine results in the formation of hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, in a manner analogous to the imine tautomer of adenine, selectively base pairs with cytosine instead of thymine. This results in a post-replicative transition mutation, where the original A-T base pair transforms into a G-C base pair. Deamination Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this", "title": "Deamination" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Non-canonical base pairing A non-canonical base pairing is an interaction between two bases of a nucleic acid other than the standard base pairings, which are adenine–thymine in DNA, adenine–uracil in RNA, and cytosine–guanine in both. There are three main types of non-canonical base pairs: those stabilized by polar hydrogen bonds, those having interactions among C−H and O/N groups, and those that have hydrogen bonds between the bases themselves. Non-canonical base pairings commonly occur in the secondary structure of RNA (e.g. pairing of G with U), and in tRNA recognition. They are typically less stable than standard base pairings. The presence", "title": "Non-canonical base pairing" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "selected from the five primary, or canonical, nucleobases, which are: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil; note, thymine occurs only in DNA and uracil only in RNA. Using amino acids and the process known as protein synthesis, the specific sequencing in DNA of these nucleobase-pairs enables storing and transmitting coded instructions as genes. In RNA, base-pair sequencing provides for manufacturing new proteins that determine the frames and parts and most chemical processes of all life forms. Experimental studies of nucleic acids constitute a major part of modern biological and medical research, and form a foundation for genome and forensic science,", "title": "Nucleic acid" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "induce frameshift mutations by \"masquerading\" as a base, causing the DNA replication machinery to skip or insert additional nucleotides at the intercalated site. Most intercalators are large polyaromatic compounds and are known or suspected carcinogens. Examples include ethidium bromide and acridine. An unnatural base pair (UBP) is a designed subunit (or nucleobase) of DNA which is created in a laboratory and does not occur in nature. DNA sequences have been described which use newly created nucleobases to form a third base pair, in addition to the two base pairs found in nature, A-T (adenine – thymine) and G-C (guanine –", "title": "Base pair" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Base pair A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, Watson-Crick base pairs (guanine-cytosine and adenine-thymine) allow the DNA helix to maintain a regular helical structure that is subtly dependent on its nucleotide sequence. The complementary nature of this based-paired structure provides a redundant copy of the genetic information encoded within each strand of DNA. The regular structure and data redundancy provided by", "title": "Base pair" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 10, and weighs 50 billion", "title": "Life" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "DNA isosteres (analogues with same number of atoms), such as the thymine analogue 2,4-difluorotoluene (F) or the adenine analogue 4-methylbenzimidazole (Z). An alternative hydrophobic pair could be isoquinoline, and the pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine Other noteworthy basepairs: In metal base-pairing, the Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds are replaced by the interaction between a metal ion with nucleosides acting as ligands. The possible geometries of the metal that would allow for duplex formation with two bidentate nucleosides around a central metal atom are: tetrahedral, dodecahedral, and square planar. Metal-complexing with DNA can occur by the formation of non-canonical base pairs from natural nucleobases with participation by", "title": "Nucleic acid analogue" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and RNA, these bases form hydrogen bonds with their complementary purines. Thus, in DNA, the purines adenine (A) and guanine (G) pair up with the pyrimidines thymine (T) and cytosine (C), respectively. In RNA, the complement of adenine (A) is uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), so the pairs that form are adenine:uracil and guanine:cytosine. Very rarely, thymine can appear in RNA, or uracil in DNA, but when the other three major pyrimidine bases are represented, some minor pyrimidine bases can also occur in nucleic acids. These minor pyrimidines are usually methylated versions of major ones and are postulated to", "title": "Pyrimidine" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Pribnow box has a function similar to the TATA box that occurs in promoters in eukaryotes and archaea: it is recognized and bound by a subunit of RNA polymerase during initiation of transcription. This region of the DNA is also the first place where base pairs separate during prokaryotic transcription to allow access to the template strand. The AT-richness is important to allow this separation, since adenine and thymine are easier to break apart (not only due to fewer hydrogen bond but also weaker base stacking effects). It is named after David Pribnow and Heinz Schaller. Pribnow box The", "title": "Pribnow box" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors allows only the \"right\" pairs to form stably. DNA with high GC-content is more stable than DNA with low GC-content. But, contrary to popular belief, the hydrogen bonds do not stabilize the DNA significantly; stabilization is mainly due to stacking interactions. The larger nucleobases, adenine and guanine, are members of a class of double-ringed chemical structures called purines; the smaller nucleobases, cytosine and thymine (and uracil), are members of a class of single-ringed chemical structures called pyrimidines. Purines are complementary only with pyrimidines: pyrimidine-pyrimidine pairings are energetically unfavorable because the molecules are too far", "title": "Base pair" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "G (guanine) and C (cytosine) undergo a specific hydrogen bonding, whereas A (adenine) bonds specifically with T (thymine, in DNA) or U (uracil, in RNA). Quantitativelty, the GC pair is bound by three hydrogen bonds, while AT and AU pairs are bound by two hydrogen bonds. To emphasize this difference in the number of hydrogen bonds, the base pairings can be represented as respectively G≡C versus A=T and A=U. DNA with low GC-content is less stable than DNA with high GC-content; however, the hydrogen bonds themselves do not have a particularly significant impact on stabilization, the stabilization is due mainly", "title": "GC-content" }, { "idx": 32, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "nm, and is similar in appearance to those of Sputnik and Mavirus. Its circular double-stranded DNA genome is 17,276 base pairs in length. Virophages typically have particles whose diameter is in the range 40–80 nm, with genomes in the range 17–30 kb. The virophage most closely related to Zamilon is Sputnik, with which it shares 76% sequence identity, although part of the Zamilon sequence is reversed compared with Sputnik. Zamilon's DNA is rich in adenine and thymine bases; the proportion of guanine and cytosine bases is 29.7%. The Zamilon genome is predicted to contain 20 open reading frames (ORFs), of", "title": "Zamilon virophage" }, { "idx": 33, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "They can form complementary base pairs in the overhang region: Across from each single strand of DNA, we typically see adenine pair with thymine, and cytosine pair with guanine to form a parallel complementary strand as described below. Two nucleotide sequences which correspond to each other in this manner are referred to as complementary: A frayed end refers to a region of a double stranded (or other multi-stranded) DNA molecule near the end with a significant proportion of non-complementary sequences; that is, a sequence where nucleotides on the adjacent strands do not match up correctly: The term \"frayed\" is used", "title": "Sticky and blunt ends" }, { "idx": 34, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "azure damselfly. Typically, they fly low through the reeds and often fly well out over the water, unlike azure damselflies. They are also a brighter blue. The mitogenome was sequenced for this species. The circular DNA sequence is 16,661 base pairs long. Within the order \"Odonata\" it is one of the largest mitogenomes to be sequenced thus far. The composition of the sequence is 74.2% adenine and thymine and 25.8% cytosine and guanine. This knowledge assists with the placement within a phylogenetic tree. Pesticides have a large impact on this species due to its sensitivity. These pesticides are introduced to", "title": "Enallagma cyathigerum" }, { "idx": 35, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ascoli, it was isolated by hydrolysis of yeast nuclein; it was also found in bovine thymus and spleen, herring sperm, and wheat germ. It is a planar, unsaturated compound that has the ability to absorb light. Based on C/C isotopic ratios of organic compounds found in the Murchison meteorite, it is believed that uracil, xanthine and related molecules can also be formed extraterrestrially. In 2012, an analysis of data from the Cassini mission orbiting in the Saturn system showed that Titan's surface composition may include uracil. In RNA, uracil base-pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. Methylation of", "title": "Uracil" }, { "idx": 36, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nucleobase Nucleobases, also known as \"nitrogenous bases\" or often simply \"bases\", are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which in turn are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids. The ability of nucleobases to form base pairs and to stack one upon another leads directly to long-chain helical structures such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Five nucleobases—adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)—are called \"primary\" or \"canonical\". They function as the fundamental units of the genetic code, with the bases A, G, C, and", "title": "Nucleobase" }, { "idx": 37, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "present in RNA, replacing thymine. Pyrimidines include thymine, cytosine, and uracil. They have a single ring structure. Purines include adenine and guanine. They have a double ring structure. Nitrogenous base A nitrogenous base, or nitrogen-containing base, is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base. The main biological function of a nitrogenous base is to bond nucleic acids together. A nitrogenous base owes its basic properties to the lone pair of electrons of a nitrogen atom. Nitrogenous bases are typically classified as the derivatives of two parent compounds, pyrimidine and purine. They are", "title": "Nitrogenous base" }, { "idx": 38, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "with a carbonyl-group). Hypoxanthine is produced from adenine, xanthine from guanine, and uracil results from deamination of cytosine. These are examples of modified adenosine or guanosine. These are examples of modified cytosine, thymine or uridine. A vast number of nucleobase analogues exist. The most common applications are used as fluorescent probes, either directly or indirectly, such as aminoallyl nucleotide, which are used to label cRNA or cDNA in microarrays. Several groups are working on alternative \"extra\" base pairs to extend the genetic code, such as isoguanine and isocytosine or the fluorescent 2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine and pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde. In medicine, several nucleoside analogues are", "title": "Nucleobase" }, { "idx": 39, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "sequence preferences that govern nucleosome positioning. This is due primarily to the varying physical properties of different DNA sequences: For instance, adenine and thymine are more favorably compressed into the inner minor grooves. This means nucleosomes can bind preferentially at one position approximately every 10 base pairs (the helical repeat of DNA)- where the DNA is rotated to maximise the number of A and T bases that will lie in the inner minor groove. (See mechanical properties of DNA.) With addition of H1, the beads-on-a-string structure in turn coils into a 30 nm diameter helical structure known as the 30", "title": "Chromatin" }, { "idx": 40, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "yeast, CARs tend to be rich in adenine-thymine base pairs. CARs are independent of origins of replication. Establishment of cohesion refers to the process by which chromatin-associated cohesin becomes cohesion-competent. Chromatin association of cohesin is not sufficient for cohesion. Cohesin must undergo subsequent modification (\"establishment\") to be capable of physically holding the sister chromosomes together. Though cohesin can associate with chromatin earlier in the cell cycle, cohesion is established during S phase. Early data suggesting that S phase is crucial to cohesion was based on the fact that after S phase, sister chromatids are always found in the bound state.", "title": "Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion" }, { "idx": 41, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "is a vital consideration in the nucleic acid design of nucleic acid structures for DNA nanotechnology and DNA computing, since the pattern of basepairing ultimately determines the overall structure of the molecules. In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds are called a base pair (often abbreviated bp). In the canonical Watson-Crick base pairing, adenine (A) forms a base pair with thymine (T) and guanine (G) forms one with cytosine (C) in DNA. In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil (U). Alternate hydrogen bonding patterns, such as the wobble base", "title": "Nucleic acid secondary structure" }, { "idx": 42, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "These base pairs have a higher thermal stability (\"melting point\") than adenine-thymine, a property that might convey, among organisms living in high-temperature environments, a selective advantage on variants enriched in GC content. Richard Dawkins described a phenotype that included all effects that a gene has on its surroundings, including other organisms, as an extended phenotype, arguing that \"An animal's behavior tends to maximize the survival of the genes 'for' that behavior, whether or not those genes happen to be in the body of the particular animal performing it.\" For instance, an organism such as a beaver modifies its environment by", "title": "Phenotype" }, { "idx": 43, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "biology. New nucleobase pairs can also be synthesized, A-T (adenine - thymine) and G-C (guanine - cytosine). A third base pair would expand the number of amino acids that can be encoded by DNA from the existing 20 amino acids to a possible 172. DNA synthesis DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. The term DNA synthesis can refer to DNA replication - DNA biosynthesis (\"in vivo\" DNA amplification), polymerase chain reaction - enzymatic DNA synthesis (\"in vitro\" DNA amplification) or gene synthesis - physically creating artificial gene sequences. In nature, DNA molecules are", "title": "DNA synthesis" }, { "idx": 44, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of adenine is equal to thymine. A visit by Erwin Chargaff to England, in 1952, reinforced the salience of this important fact for Watson and Crick. The significance of these ratios for the structure of DNA were not recognized until Watson, persisting in building structural models, realized that A:T and C:G pairs are structurally similar. In particular, the length of each base pair is the same. Chargaff had also pointed out to Watson that, in the aqueous, saline environment of the cell, the predominant tautomers of the pyrimidine (C and T) bases would be the amine and keto configurations of", "title": "Francis Crick" }, { "idx": 45, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "modeling efforts of Watson and Crick. In their modeling, Watson and Crick restricted themselves to what they saw as chemically and biologically reasonable. Still, the breadth of possibilities was very wide. A breakthrough occurred in 1952, when Erwin Chargaff visited Cambridge and inspired Crick with a description of experiments Chargaff had published in 1947. Chargaff had observed that the proportions of the four nucleotides vary between one DNA sample and the next, but that for particular pairs of nucleotides — adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine — the two nucleotides are always present in equal proportions. Using X-ray diffraction, as", "title": "History of molecular biology" }, { "idx": 46, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "DNA, Erwin Chargaff used a DU spectrophotometer in the 1940s in measuring the relative concentrations of bases in DNA. Based on this research, he formulated Chargaff's rules. In the first complete quantitative analysis of DNA, he reported the near-equal correspondence of pairs of bases in DNA, with the number of guanine units equaling the number of cytosine units, and the number of adenine units equaling the number of thymine units. He further demonstrated that the relative amounts of guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine varied between species. In 1952, Chargaff met Francis Crick and James D. Watson, discussing his findings with", "title": "DU spectrophotometer" }, { "idx": 47, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nucleic acid nomenclature Molecular biologists use several shorthand terms when referring to nucleic acid molecules, such as DNA and RNA, collectively referred to as nucleic acid nomenclature. The most common is the representation of the base pairs as letters—an adenine nucleotide is abbreviated as A, guanine as G, cytosine as C, thymine as T, and in RNA, uracil as U. Additionally, the positions of the carbons in the ribose sugar that forms the backbone of the nucleic acid chain are numbered, and are used to indicate the direction of nucleic acids (5'->3' versus 3'->5'). This is referred to as directionality.", "title": "Nucleic acid nomenclature" }, { "idx": 48, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "this is the origin recognition complex. Sequences used by initiator proteins tend to be \"AT-rich\" (rich in adenine and thymine bases), because A-T base pairs have two hydrogen bonds (rather than the three formed in a C-G pair) and thus are easier to strand-separate. Once the origin has been located, these initiators recruit other proteins and form the pre-replication complex, which unwinds the double-stranded DNA. DNA polymerase has 5′–3′ activity. All known DNA replication systems require a free 3' hydroxyl group before synthesis can be initiated (note: the DNA template is read in 3′ to 5′ direction whereas a new", "title": "DNA replication" }, { "idx": 49, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the nucleic acid, while the sequence of nitrogenous bases stores the information. The most common nitrogenous bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. The nitrogenous bases of each strand of a nucleic acid will form hydrogen bonds with certain other nitrogenous bases in a complementary strand of nucleic acid (similar to a zipper). Adenine binds with thymine and uracil; thymine binds only with adenine; and cytosine and guanine can bind only with one another. Aside from the genetic material of the cell, nucleic acids often play a role as second messengers, as well as forming the base molecule for", "title": "Biochemistry" }, { "idx": 50, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine. The specificity of base pairing occurs because adenine and thymine align to form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary, with their sequence of bases matching such that the adenines of one strand are paired with the thymines of the other strand, and so on. Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose;", "title": "Gene" }, { "idx": 51, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "DNA or RNA, it is also possible for a sequence to have internal complementarity resulting in the sequence binding to itself in a folded configuration. Complementarity is achieved by distinct interactions between nucleobases: adenine, thymine (uracil in RNA), guanine and cytosine. Adenine and guanine are purines, while thymine, cytosine and uracil are pyrimidines. Purines are larger than pyrimidines. Both types of molecules complement each other and can only base pair with the opposing type of nucleobase. In nucleic acid, nucleobases are held together by hydrogen bonding, which only works efficiently between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine. The", "title": "Complementarity (molecular biology)" }, { "idx": 52, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "pairing with guanine) would lead to formation of uracil (which would base pair with adenine) during DNA synthesis. Uracil-DNA glycosylase excises uracil bases from double-stranded DNA. This enzyme would therefore recognize and cut out both types of uracil – the one incorporated naturally, and the one formed due to cytosine deamination, which would trigger unnecessary and inappropriate repair processes. This problem is believed to have been solved in terms of evolution, i.e. by \"tagging\" (methylating) uracil. Methylated uracil is identical to thymine. Therefore, it is hypothesized that, over time, thymine became the DNA standard instead of uracil. Therefore, cells now", "title": "Uracil" }, { "idx": 53, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This double helix structure was first described by Francis Crick and James D. Watson (1953) using data collected by Rosalind Franklin. Each strand is a long polymer chain of repeating nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic base. Nucleotides are distinguished by their bases. There are the purines, large bases which include adenine and guanine, and pyrimidines, small bases which include thymine and cytosine. Chargaff's rules state that adenine will always pair with thymine and guanine will always pair with cytosine. The phosphate groups are held together by a phosphodiester bond and", "title": "Nuclear DNA" }, { "idx": 54, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "two pK values. There are many naturally occurring purines. They include the nucleobases adenine (2) and guanine (3). In DNA, these bases form hydrogen bonds with their complementary pyrimidines, thymine and cytosine, respectively. This is called complementary base pairing. In RNA, the complement of adenine is uracil instead of thymine. Other notable purines are hypoxanthine (4), xanthine (5), theobromine (6), caffeine (7), uric acid (8) and isoguanine (9). Aside from the crucial roles of purines (adenine and guanine) in DNA and RNA, purines are also significant components in a number of other important biomolecules, such as ATP, GTP, cyclic AMP,", "title": "Purine" }, { "idx": 55, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thymine Thymine (T, Thy) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase. In RNA, thymine is replaced by the nucleobase uracil. Thymine was first isolated in 1893 by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann from calves' thymus glands, hence its name. As its alternate name (5-methyluracil) suggests, thymine may be derived by methylation of uracil at the 5th carbon. In RNA, thymine is replaced with uracil in most cases. In DNA, thymine (T) binds", "title": "Thymine" }, { "idx": 56, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "could occur at that position. The rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are as follows: These symbols are also valid for RNA, except with U (uracil) replacing T (thymine). Apart from adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and uracil (U), DNA and RNA also contain bases that have been modified after the nucleic acid chain has been formed. In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytidine (m5C). In RNA, there are many modified bases, including pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), inosine (I), ribothymidine (rT) and 7-methylguanosine (m7G). Hypoxanthine and xanthine are two of", "title": "Nucleic acid sequence" }, { "idx": 57, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "sciences, nitrogenous bases are increasingly termed nucleobases because of their role in nucleic acids - their flat shape is particularly important when considering their roles as the building blocks of DNA and RNA. A set of five nitrogenous bases is used in the construction of nucleotides, which in turn build up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. These nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). Thymine and uracil are distinguished by merely the presence or absence of a methyl group on the fifth carbon (C5) of these heterocyclic six-membered rings. The nitrogenous bases", "title": "Nitrogenous base" }, { "idx": 58, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "its task as a translesion polymerase. Pol ι only uses Hoogsteen base pairing, during DNA synthesis, it will add adenine opposite to thymine in the syn conformation and can add both cytosine and thymine in the anti conformation across guanine, which it flips to the syn conformation. POLI DNA polymerase iota is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the \"POLI\" gene. It is found in higher eukaryotes, and is believed to have arisen from a gene duplication from Pol η. Pol ι, is a Y family polymerase that is involved in translesion synthesis. It can bypass 6-4 pyrimidine", "title": "POLI" }, { "idx": 59, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "have been formed in red giants or in interstellar dust and gas clouds, according to the scientists. Thymine has not been found in meteorites, which suggests the first strands of DNA had to look elsewhere to obtain this building block. Thymine likely formed within some meteorite parent bodies, however may not have persisted within these bodies due to an oxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Thymine Thymine (T, Thy) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil,", "title": "Thymine" }, { "idx": 60, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to detect one base pair difference (cytosine versus thymine) to measure methylation at a specific CpG site. The human disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation in the codon for the sixth amino acid of the blood protein beta-hemoglobin. The normal DNA sequence G-A-G codes for the amino acid glutamate, while the mutation changes the middle adenine to a thymine, leading to the sequence G-T-G (G-U-G in the mRNA). This altered sequence substitutes a valine into the final protein, distorting its structure. To test for the presence of the mutation in a DNA sample, an ASO probe", "title": "Allele-specific oligonucleotide" }, { "idx": 61, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "attack the adjacent phosphodiester bond to cleave the phosphodiester backbone. The hydroxyl group also forces the ribose into the C3'-\"endo\" sugar conformation unlike the C2'-\"endo\" conformation of the deoxyribose sugar in DNA. This forces an RNA double helix to change from a B-DNA structure to one more closely resembling A-DNA. RNA also uses a different set of bases than DNA—adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil, instead of adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. Chemically, uracil is similar to thymine, differing only by a methyl group, and its production requires less energy. In terms of base pairing, this has no effect. Adenine readily", "title": "RNA world" }, { "idx": 62, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "new embryo with 23 pairs of chromosomes, half from each parent. Mating and resultant mate choice result in sexual selection. In normal cell division (mitosis) is possible when the double helix separates, and a complement of each separated half is made, resulting in two identical double helices in one cell, with each occupying one of the two new daughter cells created when the cell divides. Chromosomes all contain DNA made up of four nucleotides, abbreviated C (cytosine), G (guanine), A (adenine), or T (thymine), which line up in a particular sequence and make a long string. There are two strings", "title": "Introduction to genetics" }, { "idx": 63, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that make up the capsid. CaCV is not to be confused with canine coronavirus, another diarrhea-causing agent within the family Coronaviridae, or porcine circovirus which is a member of the same genus as CaCV but only seen in pigs. CaCV (genome 1) was the first circovirus to be identified that infects a mammal species other than pigs. The genome of CaCV is made up of a single circular strand of DNA 2,063 nucleotides in length. DNA in general is made up of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) in which A pairs with T", "title": "Canine circovirus" }, { "idx": 64, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the binding between PNA/DNA strands is stronger than between DNA/DNA strands due to the lack of electrostatic repulsion. Unfortunately, this also causes it to be rather hydrophobic, which makes it difficult to deliver to body cells in solution without being flushed out of the body first. Early experiments with homopyrimidine strands (strands consisting of only one repeated pyrimidine base) have shown that the T (\"melting\" temperature) of a 6-base thymine PNA/adenine DNA double helix was 31 °C in comparison to an equivalent 6-base DNA/DNA duplex that denatures at a temperature less than 10 °C. Mixed base PNA molecules are true", "title": "Peptide nucleic acid" }, { "idx": 65, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "form a base-pair, and adenine and thymine form another base-pair, but other base-pair combinations are strongly disfavored. As a chemical example, tetrazine reacts with transcyclooctene and azide reacts with cyclooctyne without any cross-reaction, so these are mutually orthogonal reactions, and so, can be performed simultaneously and selectively. Bioorthogonal chemistry refers to chemical reactions occurring inside living systems without reacting with naturally present cellular components. In supramolecular chemistry the notion of orthogonality refers to the possibility of two or more supramolecular, often non-covalent, interactions being compatible; reversibly forming without interference from the other. In analytical chemistry, analyses are \"orthogonal\" if they", "title": "Orthogonality" }, { "idx": 66, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "original DNA molecule. This pairing always occurs in specific combinations, with cytosine along with guanine, and thymine along with adenine, forming two separate pairs, respectively. By contrast, RNA polymerases synthesize RNA from ribonucleotides from either RNA or DNA. When synthesizing new DNA, DNA polymerase can add free nucleotides only to the 3' end of the newly forming strand. This results in elongation of the newly forming strand in a 5'–3' direction. No known DNA polymerase is able to begin a new chain (\"de novo\"); it can only add a nucleotide onto a pre-existing 3'-OH group, and therefore needs a primer", "title": "DNA polymerase" }, { "idx": 67, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under-23 appearance for his country, against France in 1965. In total he won five full caps, three against Spain, and kept one clean sheet. Pat's son Derek, also a goalkeeper, played briefly for Waterford United in 1989. In 2004 Dunne was appointed as goalkeeping coach at Shamrock Rovers. On 5 November 2004, Dunne collapsed on the pitch during the warm up before the match against local rivals Bohemian. In October 2006 Dunne was sued over allegations of assault. Dunne died on 25 September 2015 after a short illness. Pat Dunne Patrick \"Pat\" Dunne (9 February 1943 – 25 September 2015)", "title": "Pat Dunne" }, { "idx": 68, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "born in 1474 in Cuauhtitlan, and at the time of the apparitions he lived there or in Tolpetlac. Although not destitute, he was neither rich nor influential. His religious fervor, his artlessness, his respectful but gracious demeanour towards the Virgin Mary and the initially skeptical Bishop Juan de Zumárraga, as well as his devotion to his sick uncle and, subsequently, to the Virgin at her shrine – all of which are central to the tradition – are among his defining characteristics and testify to the sanctity of life which is the indispensable criterion for canonization. He and his wife, María", "title": "Juan Diego" }, { "idx": 69, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chichewa and linguistics at Chancellor College (part of the University of Malawi). From 1998-2005 he was Principal of Chancellor College. In 2005, following disturbances at the university, Francis Moto was removed as Principal by the then President of Malawi Bingu wa Mutharika. He was subsequently appointed High Commissioner of Malawi in London from 2005–10, and later served as the first Ambassador of Malawi in Brazil from 2011-15. Francis Moto's book \"Trends in Malawi Literature\" (2001) has been the subject of a detailed critique by Professor Harri Englund of the University of Cambridge. Francis Moto Professor Francis P. B. Moto (born", "title": "Francis Moto" }, { "idx": 70, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SJL teamed up with a new private equity partner, Bain Capital, whose affiliated offshoot Sankaty Advisors provided the capital for the purchases (which amounted to $13.2 million on WJRT's end of the $30 million deal). The sale was completed on April 1, 2011. Unfortunately, both ABC12's news director Jim Bleicher and General Manager Tom Bryson either retired or left the station after the sale was announced. Furthermore, on April 6, 2011, less than a week after SJL taking over control of WJRT, they terminated longtime weekend anchor Joel Feick and removed longtime weeknight anchor Bill Harris from the newsdesk. Harris", "title": "WJRT-TV" }, { "idx": 71, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Iceland. Late on August 14, more than two days before Diane made landfall, the United States Weather Bureau issued a hurricane alert from Georgia through North Carolina. On August 15, the agency issued a hurricane warning from Brunswick, Georgia to Wilmington, North Carolina, although the warning was later extended to the south and north to Fernandina, Florida and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, respectively. The agency also issued storm warnings southward to Saint Augustine, Florida and northward to Atlantic City, New Jersey, including the Chesapeake and Delaware bays. Throughout the warned region, small ships were advised to remain at port.", "title": "Hurricane Diane" }, { "idx": 72, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "cytosine and thymine, rather than the imino and enol forms that Crick and Watson had assumed. They consulted Jerry Donohue who confirmed the most likely structures of the nucleotide bases. The base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, the same non-covalent interaction that stabilize the protein α-helix. The correct structures were essential for the positioning of the hydrogen bonds. These insights led Watson to deduce the true biological relationships of the A:T and C:G pairs. After the discovery of the hydrogen bonded A:T and C:G pairs, Watson and Crick soon had their anti-parallel, double helical model of DNA, with", "title": "Francis Crick" }, { "idx": 73, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "which now includes a new, correct cytosine. [See Base excision repair.] Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine results in thymine and ammonia. This is the most common single nucleotide mutation. In DNA, this reaction, if detected prior to passage of the replication fork, can be corrected by the enzyme thymine-DNA glycosylase, which removes the thymine base in a G/T mismatch. This leaves an abasic site that is repaired by AP endonucleases and polymerase, like with uracil-DNA glycosylase. Deamination of guanine results in the formation of xanthine. Xanthine, in a manner analogous to the enol tautomer of guanine, selectively base pairs with thymine", "title": "Deamination" }, { "idx": 74, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "if the base pair is mutated or damaged. Mutations in the base pairs of DNA can be harmful to the organism. In particular, C to T mutations occur quite often due to methylation of cytosine. Hence, the VSR endonucleases have a function to protect the cell from damage caused by mutated DNA. VSR recognises a TG mismatched base pair, generated after spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosines, and it creates a nick on a single strand by cleaving the phosphate backbone on the 5' side of the thymine. Then DNA Polymerase I removes the T and some nucletides on the 3'", "title": "Very short patch repair" }, { "idx": 75, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thymine dioxygenase In enzymology, a thymine dioxygenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are thymine, 2-oxoglutarate, and O, whereas its 3 products are 5-hydroxymethyluracil, succinate, and CO. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is thymine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating). Other names in common use", "title": "Thymine dioxygenase" }, { "idx": 76, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thymine-DNA glycosylase G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TDG gene. Several bacterial proteins have strong sequence homology with this protein. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug DNA glycosylase family. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and the mispaired thymine. With lower activity, this enzyme also removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. TDG can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairings with guanine. TDG knockout mouse models showed no increase in mispairing frequency", "title": "Thymine-DNA glycosylase" } ]

[ "adenine" ]

[ "Two chains of DNA twist around each other to form a DNA double helix with the phosphate-sugar backbone spiralling around the outside, and the bases pointing inwards with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine. The specificity of base pairing occurs because adenine and thymine align form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary, with their sequence of bases matching such that the adenines of one strand are paired with the thymines of the other strand, and so on.:4.1" ]

[ "" ]

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[ 0.4272274374961853, 0.09336136281490326, 0.00030270343995653093, 0.4879017770290375, 0.5952270030975342, 0.000060275116993580014, 1.8194547891616821 ]

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Southampton Water" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "land reclamation and dredging programme. Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water, to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships. Southampton Water has the benefit of a double high tide, with two high tide peaks, making the movement of large ships easier. This is not caused as popularly supposed by the presence of the Isle of Wight, but is a function of the shape and depth of the English Channel. In this area the general water flow is distorted by more local conditions reaching across to France. The city lies in", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "land reclamation and dredging programme. Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water, to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships. Southampton Water has the benefit of a double high tide, with two high tide peaks, making the movement of large ships easier. This is not caused as popularly supposed by the presence of the Isle of Wight, but is a function of the shape and depth of the English Channel. In this area the general water flow is distorted by more local conditions reaching across to France. The city lies in", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "shifted positions upon moving to the Crusaders, spending most of the 2017 Super Rugby season on the wing. Tamanivalu was again one of the competition's highest try-scorers, scoring his tenth of the season to open the 2017 Super Rugby Final against the Lions in Johannesburg on 5 August 2017. Tamanivalu's try contributed to the Crusaders beating the Lions 25-17 as they won the competition for the eighth time. Earlier in the year, on 10 June 2017, Tamanivalu started on the right wing for the Crusaders against the touring British and Irish Lions side, playing the full 80 minutes against the", "title": "Seta Tamanivalu" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of . After its discovery, there was thought to be a chance of a collision with Mars, but this possibility was excluded when its orbit was determined more accurately. All NASA Mars orbiters—including 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and MAVEN—as well as ESA's orbiter, Mars Express, and ISRO's orbiter, the Mars Orbiter Mission, reported a healthy status after the comet flyby on 19 October 2014. During the flyby, orbiters around Mars detected thousands of kilograms per hour of comet dust composed of magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, manganese, nickel, chromium and zinc. In addition, the comet nucleus was determined to", "title": "C/2013 A1" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Dunedin passed ordinance 2011-04 which authorized the street-legal use of golf carts across approximately 60% of the city. Dunedin is popular with tourists and includes numerous shops, bars, dining options and nightlife. A Downtown Market is held regularly as well as special events and a 2nd Friday Art Walk. For a complete directory of shopping, please visit www.visitdunedinfl.com. Dunedin, Florida Dunedin is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The name comes from \"Dùn Èideann\", the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. The population was 35,321 at the 2010 census. Dunedin is home to several", "title": "Dunedin, Florida" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another controversy arose during an online NFL mascot competition, where Raiders fans and Jaguars fans were to vote for their mascots. During the process, a loophole was found allowing individual users to vote tens of thousands of times, enabling the Jags and Raiders to get well over 1 million votes, disqualifying both mascots from the competition. Jaxson appears at many events and around the Jacksonville community supporting various causes. He also participates in NFL and other mascot events such as the 2002 mascot convention that was held in New York City. Jaxson also contributes to the Jaguars' journal, provided by", "title": "Jaxson de Ville" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NCAA champion Villanova. Two and a half weeks later, he scored a career-best 42 points during a double-overtime loss at Marquette. The effort included a 14-for-17 clip from the free throw line and 12 rebounds. He hovered right around his season averages during the Friars' two-game NCAA tournament run, posting 20.0 PPG and 6.0 RPG. He played all 40 minutes of Providence's first-round effort against USC, recording 19 points and nine rebounds during the 70-69 win. The Friars then lost in the second round to eventual NCAA runner-up UNC, despite a 50-point combined effort from Bentil and Dunn. At the", "title": "Ben Bentil" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "10 million m of material was dredged, part of which was used for the foundation and reinforcement of the breakwaters. Apart from the mega-dipper Pinocchio and two split barges, DEME assigned the trailing suction hopper dredgers Marieke, Krankeloon, Orwell and Pallieter to the €220 million project. DEME was the managing partner in a consortium that included South African civilian contractor Group Five. In the Middle East DEME is executing the dredging and reclamation package for the Ruwais Refinery Expansion project of Takreer in Abu Dhabi. The work was awarded to Dredging International in May 2009 and started on 7 June", "title": "DEME" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to the Congress on a plan for the long-term management of such dredged material. Authorizes appropriations. Requires the Army, the Bureau of Reclamation, and Bonneville Power Administration to issue a joint report on the regulation of Dworshak Dam, Idaho. Requires conduct public meetings in the area of the Dam in order to keep the public informed about projected drawdowns. Directs relocation of the Southeast Light on Block Island, Rhode Island, to a more suitable location on such island. Authorizes appropriations. Authorizes research and development activities on magnetic levitation (maglev) technology or to provide for such activities. Authorizes appropriations. Authorizes the", "title": "Water Resources Development Act of 1990" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the methods by which the Secretary, during construction of the project, may carry out a demonstration program to evaluate the costs and benefits of thin layer disposal in the Mississippi Sount of dredged material. Directed, during construction of the project, a demonstration program to evaluate the costs and benefits of thin layer disposal in the Mississippi Sound of dredged material from construction harbor improvements and to determine whether there are unacceptable adverse effects from such disposal. Required a report to the Congress and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) within one year of completion of the demonstration program. Provides for the", "title": "Water Resources Development Act of 1988" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "channel at the narrowest point of Tanjong Pelumpong which converted Tanjong Pelumpong from a spit to an island. A minke whale was beached on the island in 2003. There are plans to further deepen the Muara cut to a depth of 16m in order to facilitate the expansion of Muara Port to Pulau Muara Besar. The dredged sand will be used for land reclamation on Pulau Muara Besar for the proposed port construction and extension. Tanjong Pelumpong and the Muara cut are used by the general public for recreational activities. The Muara cut is a popular spot for anglers and", "title": "Tanjong Pelumpong" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "levels can turn one island into many as rains begin. The Thousand Islands are divided roughly in half by the Minutemen Causeway. The formation comprises approximately of salt marsh, mangroves, spoil sites containing upland vegetation, and maritime hammocks on shell middens. Beginning in the late 1950s, small ditches were dug through the islands to allow water movement and fish access to inner areas of the succulent marsh for mosquito control. At approximately the same time, dredge and fill activities were begun in Cocoa Beach for housing development. Developers dredged canals and used the spoil to provide fill material for houses.", "title": "Thousand Islands (Cocoa Beach)" } ]

[ "Southampton Water" ]

[ "Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme. Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water, to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Federalist 51" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "establish executive privilege, which means that they can enforce statutes and laws already passed by Congress. They can also enforce the Constitution and treaties that were previously made by other branches of government. The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that \"it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.\" One may claim that the judiciary has historically been", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "establish executive privilege, which means that they can enforce statutes and laws already passed by Congress. They can also enforce the Constitution and treaties that were previously made by other branches of government. The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that \"it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.\" One may claim that the judiciary has historically been", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Federalist No. 9 Federalist No. 9 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the ninth of \"The Federalist Papers\". It was published on November 21, 1787 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all \"The Federalist\" papers were published. Federalist No. 9 is titled \"The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection\". The same subject is continued in the subsequent paper by James Madison, Federalist No. 10. Similar to Federalist 51, this paper emphasizes the importance of establishing a system of checks and balances in order to ensure that the government is intact and operating smoothly. A major", "title": "Federalist No. 9" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the town. Further, after the abject failure of Cleomenes' expedition, to keep the blame off himself for allowing the fleet to go out undermanned and ill-led, Verres ordered all the ships' captains except for Cleomenes to be executed. More charges were levelled outside of this naval affair. They include: Of the planned orators, only Cicero had an opportunity to speak. Cicero detailed Verres' early crimes and Verres' attempts to derail the trial. Soon after the court heard Cicero's speeches, Hortensius advised Verres that it would be hard for him to win at this point, and further advised that the best", "title": "In Verrem" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forest of Halatte The Forest of Halatte (Forêt d'Halatte) in Picardy is one of the largest remaining blocks of natural old growth forest in France. Situated in the département of Oise near Senlis and Pont-Sainte-Maxence, it currently embraces 43 square kilometers. Together with the Forest of Chantilly and the Forest of Ermenonville it forms the \"Massif des Trois Forêts\". On the north it borders the Forest of Compiègne. The Forest of Halatte is still a source of oak and beech timber. The forest, a fragment separated from the ancient \"Silva Cotia\" (forêt de Cuise) cited in the 6th century CE,", "title": "Forest of Halatte" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "end of 2006, placing it as the 59th best-selling video game of the year in that region. An additional 374,504 units were sold in 2007, making it the 37th best-selling game of that year and totaling sales to 593,675 units for Japan alone. Reviews from popular Japanese gaming sources, such as \"Famitsu\" gave the game an overall score of 32 out of 40, indicating that the games are getting good reception based on content. IGN gave \"Star Force\" a 5.2/10, their main concern being the game's lack of innovative gameplay and being almost identical to \"Battle Network\". GameSpot gave the", "title": "Mega Man Star Force" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the death date of her daughter-in-law Anna Feodorovna, who died in 1458. Danutė died between 17 October 1422 and 20 December 1425, probably on 26 November 1424. She was probably buried at St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw. Danutė of Lithuania Danutė of Lithuania (baptized \"Anna\"; ca. 1358 – 26 November 1424), was a Lithuanian princess of the Gediminid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Warsaw. She was a daughter of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Birutė. Very little reliable information is known about her life. Probably between 1371/73 Danutė married Duke Janusz I of Warsaw; two facts", "title": "Danutė of Lithuania" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karan Anshuman Karan Anshuman (born 1980) is an Indian film writer, director, and producer. He is the creator and director of Emmy-nominated drama film \"Inside Edge\". He is also the director and writer of \"Bangistan\" and the creator, director, and writer of \"Mirzapur\". He is the co-founder of two digital initiatives: Dreamscape Media, a web and mobile development agency; and Upperstall.com, a film portal that takes a serious look at Indian cinema. Anshuman was raised in Mumbai, and after finishing his schooling at Jamnabai Narsee School, he went to St Xaviers' College and then to Denison University in the United", "title": "Karan Anshuman" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "no branch (the executive, judicial, or legislative) would have more power than the other. Today, people are no longer concerned with the size of the House because it has been fixed at 435 members since The Apportionment Act of 1911 was passed. But, people are still concerned about the laws/ bills that the House of Representatives is passing. The House can make laws that create new taxes, it aids in determining the fiscal policy, it guides federal spending and taxation etc. The laws made by the House have can directly affect the population but as Madison said in the Federalist", "title": "Federalist No. 55" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "18th-century Whigs, or commonwealthmen, such as John Trenchard, Thomas Gordon and Benjamin Hoadly \"praised the mixed constitution of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy, and they attributed English liberty to it; and like Locke they postulated a state of nature from which rights arose which the civil polity, created by mutual consent, guaranteed; they argued that a contract formed government and sovereignty resided in the people\". So mixed government is the core of both the British form of modern-era democracy, constitutional monarchy, and the American model: republicanism. The \"father\" of the American constitution, James Madison, stated in Federalist Paper No. 40 that", "title": "Mixed government" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of having both state and federal legislators and judicial officers swear an oath to the constitution, noting that the federal government is dependent upon the states to carry out policy. Federalist No. 44 Federalist No. 44 is an essay by James Madison, the forty-fourth of \"The Federalist Papers\". It was published on January 25, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all \"The Federalist\" papers were published. This essay addresses the Constitution's limitation of the power of individual states, something strongly decried by the Anti-Federalists, who sought a greater degree of sovereignty for the states. It is titled", "title": "Federalist No. 44" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "framer was James Madison. In Federalist No. 46, Madison wrote how a federal army could be kept in check by state militias, \"a standing army ... would be opposed [by] a militia.\" He argued that state militias \"would be able to repel the danger\" of a federal army, \"It may well be doubted, whether a militia thus circumstanced could ever be conquered by such a proportion of regular troops.\" He contrasted the federal government of the United States to the European kingdoms, which he described as \"afraid to trust the people with arms,\" and assured that \"the existence of subordinate", "title": "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "effective opposition party. The Federalists had been badly damaged by the Hartford Convention, in which a group of New England Federalists proposed a second constitutional convention. At the same time, Madison embraced some aspects of the Federalist program that he had previously opposed, weakening the ideological divisions between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. With the Federalist Party on the decline, Madison's chosen successor, James Monroe, would easily defeat Federalist Rufus King in the 1816 presidential election. Madison had presided over the expiration of the First Bank of the United States's charter in 1811. However, the war convinced him of the", "title": "James Madison" } ]

[ "Federalist 51" ]

[ "The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that \"it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.\"" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "7 October 2001" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ultimatum to the Taliban government of Afghanistan, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, to turn over Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda leaders operating in the country or face attack. The Taliban demanded evidence of bin Laden's link to the 11 September attacks and, if such evidence warranted a trial, they offered to handle such a trial in an Islamic Court. The U.S. refused to provide any evidence. Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Additional officers were brought in to increase security at the mission in the morning hours, with all vehicles entering the premises checked and Australian police cars stationed at every gate. In addition, access to other embassies in the area was restricted. On 7 October 2001, the United States military began carrying out airstrikes against Taliban and al-Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. The following day, roads around the US Embassy in Canberra were closed off due to fears of retaliatory strikes or protests. On 23 October 2003, a crowd about approximately 3,000 held demonstrations outside", "title": "Embassy of the United States, Canberra" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(Hood's corps) encountered the advance of Union Brig. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis's two brigade division of the XX corps, marching north from Crawfish Springs. Johnson's men attacked Col. Hans Heg's brigade on Davis's left and forced it across the LaFayette Road. Hood ordered Johnson to continue the attack by crossing the LaFayette Road with two brigades in line and one in reserve. The two brigades drifted apart during the attack. On the right, Col. John Fulton's brigade routed King's brigade and linked up with Bate at Brotherton field. On the left, Brig. Gen. John Gregg's brigade attacked Col. John T.", "title": "Battle of Chickamauga" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "providing any significant difficulty ( at 4.4%). The finish of the stage, however, was on the third-category Alto de la Mesa. This was at an average of 6.5%, including a section of at almost 9% and shorter sections of 15%. The stage finished near the Caminito del Rey, one of the most famous sights in Málaga. The first crash of the Vuelta came after just of racing: Matteo Pelucchi () was riding at the back of the peloton and crashed on a corner as Movistar rode hard at the front. He suffered abrasions and road rash and was forced to", "title": "2015 Vuelta a España, Stage 1 to Stage 11" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "base vehicle platforms are a four-door configuration. Standard U.S. military M-designators are applied base vehicle platforms when outfitted to a specific Mission Package Configuration. These currently are: There is also a companion trailer (JLTV-T), this towable by all JLTV variants. Additionally, On 11 May 2016, the Army confirmed a plan, suggested since late 2015, to use the JLTV as a solution for the Light Reconnaissance Vehicle (LRV) requirement. Some changes will need to be made to the base L-ATV vehicle to meet LRV requirements. In May 2017 it was reported that the JLTV-RV (JLTV - Reconnaissance Vehicle) is to be", "title": "Oshkosh L-ATV" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "two days. Anatolie Popa was also apprehended on the occasion and, on , was sentenced to death by a Court Martial for his role in organising and arming the local troops. The assessment of the battle was mixed: while the Soviet historiography praised the \"Defence of Bălți\" as a heroic deed, Bogos saw the battle as an \"infamy\" comparable to the events of January 6, when Moldavian troops in Chișinău disarmed the Transylvanian volunteer corps. As argued by historian Izeaslav Levit, the opponents of the Romanian intervention included people of different ethnic backgrounds and political options: while the chairman of", "title": "Anatolie Popa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parasitaxus Parasitaxus usta is a rare species of conifer of the family Podocarpaceae, and the sole species of the genus Parasitaxus. It is a woody shrub up to 1.8 m found only in the remote, densely forested areas of New Caledonia, first discovered and described by Vieillard in 1861. It is generally mentioned that \"Parasitaxus usta\" is the only known parasitic gymnosperm. The species remarkably lacks roots and is always found attached to the roots of \"Falcatifolium taxoides\" (another member of the Podocarpaceae). However, the question is still left open, as the plant is in any case not a haustorial", "title": "Parasitaxus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "30,000. But Mrs. Clinton reiterated on 7 July 2012 that Washington did envision keeping American troops in Afghanistan, where they would provide the kind of air power and surveillance capabilities needed to give Afghan forces an edge over the Taliban. Under the strategic partnership agreement signed by the U.S. and Afghanistan in May 2012 both countries are obliged to negotiate a bilateral security agreement within one year. These negotiations were scheduled to begin on November 15, 2012. The talks will attempt to set conditions for U.S. forces in Afghanistan after 2014 as part of a \"train, advise and assist\" mission", "title": "U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "similar message. Earlier, the US Secretary of State had taken a neutral stance and called for dialogue. Qatar hosts about 10,000 U.S. troops at Al Udeid Air Base, which houses the forward operating base of United States Central Command that plays a commanding role in US airstrikes in Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan. A Pentagon spokesperson claimed the diplomatic crisis would not affect the US military posture in Qatar. On 8 June, President Donald Trump, during a phone call with the Emir of Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, offered as a mediator in the conflict with a White House meeting", "title": "Qatar–United States relations" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "massacre (genocide) by ISIL of thousands of Yazidis trapped in the Sinjar Mountains. Obama further defended his decision by saying: On 8 August 2014, US airstrikes were launched in the Erbil area, 180 km east of Sinjar. The first airstrikes in the Mount Sinjar area were reported on 9 August, when the US launched four strikes against armored fighting vehicles of ISIL fighters threatening civilians on Mount Sinjar. The continued Iraqi airdrops of food and water in the Sinjar Mountains and their picking up of some Yazidis were also backed up by the U.S. airstrikes. After the air strikes, the", "title": "Sinjar massacre" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "generally confined to Nangarhar Province but also has/had a presence in Kunar province. For 3 weeks in that month, the U.S. military carried out at least a dozen operations, including commando raids and airstrikes, many of these raids and strikes taking place in the Tora Bora region of Nangarhar Province. American commanders in Afghanistan said they believed that between 90 and 100 Islamic State militants had been killed in these recent operations. By 11 February, ABC news reported the U.S. military had carried out 20 airstrikes on ISIS in eastern Afghanistan in the previous 3 weeks. On 21 February, the", "title": "War in Afghanistan (2001–present)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many residents initially welcomed ISIL, and according to a member of the UK's Defence Select Committee, Mosul \"fell because the people living there were fed up with the sectarianism of the Shia dominated Iraqi government.\" On 21 January 2015, the US began coordinating airstrikes with a Kurdish-launched offensive, to help them begin the planned operation to retake the city of Mosul. Once home to at least 70,000 Assyrian Christians, there were possibly none left in Mosul following ISIL's takeover; any that did remain were forced to pay a tax for remaining Christian, and lived under the constant threat of violence.", "title": "Mosul" } ]

[ "7 October 2001" ]

[ "Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remaining al-Qaeda and Taliban remnants fell back to the rugged mountains of eastern Afghanistan, mainly Tora Bora. In December, Coalition forces (the U.S. and its allies) fought within that region. It is believed that Osama bin Laden escaped into Pakistan during the battle." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Retrode" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the owner of the respective game to make a personal backup via devices such as the Retrode, space shifting for private use, the desire to develop homebrew games for the system (Nintendo designed a hobbyist development system for the Super NES, but never released it), the frailty of SNES ROM cartridges and consoles, and the lack of certain foreign imports. Emulation of the Super NES is also available on platforms such as Android, and iOS, the Nintendo DS line, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings,", "title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The first commercial version of the Retrode featured an aluminum profile enclosure with two slots to accommodate SNES and Sega Genesis game cartridges. Internal soldering pins allowed users to retrofit up to four ports for SNES controllers. The successor model, the Retrode 2, used a plastic enclosure with a dust cover, and had four controller ports built in—two for each system, SNES and Sega Genesis. Retrode The Retrode is a USB adapter for legacy video games that enabled the use of game cartridges and controllers with emulators. Technically, the Retrode could be considered a ROM dumper in that it could", "title": "Retrode" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean Mouton, and Senfl. The third volume was a transcription into German tablature of pieces previously only available in Italian tablature, including works of Giovanni Maria da Crema, Domenico Bianchini, Simon Gintzler, Francesco Canova da Milano, Pietro Paolo Borrono, and Alberto da Ripa. Hans Gerle Hans Gerle (c.1500, Nuremberg - 1570, Nuremberg) was a German lutenist and arranger of the Renaissance. Little concrete information is available regarding Gerle's life. His father was probably Conrad Gerle (died 1521), one of the city's better-known lute makers. Gerle likely spent his entire life in Nuremberg. Gerle published three volumes of lute music through", "title": "Hans Gerle" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "League. Despite the defeat, Burnley finished in seventh place, their best finish in English football since 1973–74. This meant they would be entered into the second qualifying round of the Europa League, their first competitive European football campaign in 50 years. Their strong finish led to manager Sean Dyche and defender James Tarkowski being nominated for the Premier League Manager of the Season and Premier League Player of the Season awards respectively. Stoke City were the first team to be relegated to the EFL Championship when they lost 1–2 to Crystal Palace in their penultimate game. Although Stoke were only", "title": "2017–18 Premier League" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for her stolen head while working as an underworld courier. The narrative follows all of the characters equally, showing how their lives intersect and create a greater plot line from each character's knowledge about a common incident. The story is told from the perspective of approximately eleven of the main characters and changes every episode in the anime, sometimes even more often. One of the few constants given in every episode is that the narrator gives their own opinion on the current situation that they are in as well as what things that make them tick and keep them going", "title": "Durarara!!" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to go into halftime with a 20–14, the eventual final score of the game. The second half was marred for Ohio State with the defense able to stop the Nittany Lions on the one-yard line four times for a goal line stand, but also of two costly fumbles which would end an hope of a comeback drive. The last two quarters of the game saw no scoring and allowed Penn State to exit Ohio Stadium with the 20–14 win, their first win at Ohio State since 2008, bringing Ohio State's overall record to 6–5 on the season, and 3–4 in", "title": "2011 Ohio State Buckeyes football team" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "reflected the existing military culture of the Anglo-Saxons: as kings began to convert in the 6th and 7th centuries, conversion began to be used as a justification for war against the remaining pagan kingdoms, for example, while Christian saints were imbued with martial properties. The Viking invasions of the 8th and 9th centuries reintroduced paganism to North-East England, leading in turn to another wave of conversion. Indigenous Scandinavian beliefs were very similar to other Germanic groups, with a pantheon of gods including Odin, Thor and Ullr, combined with a belief in a final, apocalyptic battle called Ragnarok. The Norse settlers", "title": "England in the Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on \"Nintendo Power\"'s list of the top 20 SNES games. \"Game Informer\" magazine declared the Genesis version of the game somewhat superior to the SNES version in a 2012 comparison of the two games. In 2014, IGN included the game on its list of the most difficult games, citing various reasons that included the limited lives, the large game world, the scattered raptor eggs and key cards, and the lack of a save feature. Jurassic Park (SNES video game) Jurassic Park is an action-adventure video game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), based on the 1990 novel and 1993", "title": "Jurassic Park (SNES video game)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "recent Casio calculators have come with software that allows the user to link the computer to the calculator, download games already written for the calculators or code their own games and then have the software sync it to the device, from here the user can open up the games on the calculator and play them; all of the games are coded by the community and so feature copies of popular games that could be recoded to work on the device for example Tetris, Pong and Snake; more complex games can also be coded, however there is a size limit to", "title": "Casio graphic calculators" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "one single console. There are three ports: one for standard NES cartridges, one for the Japanese Famicom cartridges, and one for SNES cartridges. Only one cartridge can fit in each slot at a time. After the peripheral is attached and the device is turned on, a menu will appear on the television screen; giving the user a choice between an 8-bit or 16-bit game. The user is able to play any one of the cartridges plugged in the system at a time. SNES games operate identically to their original versions. NES games, however, have their controls revamped for the SNES", "title": "Super 8 (video game accessory)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "first party games were poorly received. While games like Tempest 2000, Rayman, and Alien vs Predator showed what the console was capable of, the vast majority of releases underwhelmed. Many of the Jaguar's games used mainly the slowest (but most familiar) of the console's processors, resulting in titles that could easily have been released on the SNES or Genesis. To compete with emerging next gen consoles, Nintendo released Donkey Kong Country which could display a wide range of tones (something common in fifth-generation games) by limiting the number of hues onscreen, and Star Fox which used an extra chip inside", "title": "Home video game console" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "3DS with no support for prior models. In March 2016, Nintendo began to release SNES titles on Virtual Console for New 3DS; they support a \"Perfect Pixel\" mode, which allows the games to be played pillar boxed with square pixels rather than in their original 4:3 proportions. Like previous models, all 3DS games and downloaded software are region-locked (DS cartridges remain region-free). Due to its difference in size, peripherals designed to fit the shape of the original Nintendo 3DS cannot be used with the new system. Game data can be transferred from a previous 3DS system to a new system,", "title": "New Nintendo 3DS" } ]

[ "Retrode" ]

[ "Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the owner of the respective game to make a personal backup via devices such as the Retrode, space shifting for private use, the desire to develop homebrew games for the system, the frailty of SNES ROM cartridges and consoles, and the lack of certain foreign imports." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "southeast of the Uzbek capital" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and carrying the banned red-and-white Byelorussian national flag filed through torrential rain in defiance of a ban by local authorities. Later, they gathered in the city center near the government's headquarters, where speakers demanded resignation of Yefrem Sokolov, the republic's Communist Party leader, and called for the evacuation of half a million people from the contaminated zones. Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert von Mehren Robert Brandt von Mehren (August 22, 1922 – May 5, 2016) was a young lawyer in the Hiss-Chambers Case in 1949 who rose to become a leading expert in international arbitration in a career spent at the law firm of Debevoise & Plimpton. Von Mehren was born in Albert Lea, Minnesota. His father was a civil engineer from Denmark; his mother was American. He won a national scholarship to Yale University and graduated summa cum laude. He then studied at Harvard Law School, where he graduated magna cum laude in February 1946. He also served as president", "title": "Robert von Mehren" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of a need for self-fulfillment and his or her struggle for the freedom to satisfy that need.\" Hanning and Ferrante note that the \"portrayal of love as a means for exploring the interaction of self and society, appearance and reality\" passes continuously from the twelfth-century courtly narrative to the twentieth-century novel. In fourteenth-century romances, which participate in that flow, characters define themselves by fulfilling societal expectations. Hanning and Ferrante use the romances of Chrétien de Troyes to suggest that while the protagonists experience \"gradual discovery of real values through love,\" the courtly romances also \"amused their audience and challenged it", "title": "Sir Tryamour" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "driver filmed how he directed his truck towards a group of migrants that hurled rocks at his truck. The first death was recorded on 20 June 2017, when migrants stopped a lorry on the A16 autoroute with a tree trunk, in order to stowaway in the cargo area. A van registered in Poland hit the lorry, and burst into fire, killing the van driver. Nine migrants from Eritrea have been arrested in connection with this incident. In July 2017 a lorry driver was attacked with a brick and left for dead by the migrants who stole the driver's lorry. The", "title": "Migrants around Calais" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "mantle where it lowers the pressure in (and thus the melting temperature of) the mantle rock to the point of actual melting, generating magma. The magmas, in turn, rise (and become labeled diapirs) because they are less dense than the rocks of the mantle. The mantle-derived magmas (which are basaltic in composition) can continue to rise, ultimately to Earth's surface, resulting in a volcanic eruption. The chemical composition of the erupting lava depends upon the degree to which the mantle-derived basalt interacts with (melts) Earth's crust and/or undergoes fractional crystallization. Above subduction zones, volcanoes exist in long chains called volcanic", "title": "Subduction" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "affection which the King and Queen held for Frederick was demonstrated in his appointments as a violinist in the Queen's Chamber Band, keeper of the Queen's Music Library and the Queen's Principal Page. Frederick married Albinia Lattman and had 13 children, only three of whom lived to maturity. He died at St. James's Palace on 16 May 1809 Frederick's three sons were: George Louisa, named after Christian VII of Denmark and Caroline Matilda of Great Britain who were his sponsors; Frederick; and William. Reverend George Louisa Nicolay became Rector of St Michael Paternoster Royal in the City of London and", "title": "Nicolay family" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qizilqum (Turkic for \"red sand\"—Russian spelling Kyzyl Kum) Desert, shared with southern Kazakhstan, dominates the northern lowland portion of Uzbekistan. The most fertile part of Uzbekistan, the Fergana Valley, is an area of about directly east of the Qizilqum and surrounded by mountain ranges to the north, south, and east. The western end of the valley is defined by the course of the Syr Darya, which runs across the northeastern sector of Uzbekistan from southern Kazakhstan into the Qizilqum. Although the Fergana Valley receives just of rainfall per year, only small patches of desert remain in the center and along", "title": "Geography of Uzbekistan" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Babur Babur (; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the ultimate founder and first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent. He was a direct descendant of Emperor Timur (Tamerlane) from what is now Uzbekistan. Babur was born in Andijan, in the Fergana Valley, in modern Uzbekistan. Babur ruled nearby Osh in Fergana Valley, located in modern Kyrgyzstan, pondered his future on Sulayman Mountain and even constructed a mosque atop of the mountain. Babur somehow concludes that the confines of the Fergana would cramp his aspirations as a descendant of famous conquering warrior princes.", "title": "Babur" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "detached from Uzbekistan and given full status as a Soviet socialist republic. The city of Dushanbe would become an important regional hub on the border with Afghanistan. Tajikistan has 3 exclaves, all of them located in the Fergana Valley region where Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan meet. The largest is Vorukh (with an area between 95 – 130 km²/37 – 50 sq mi, population estimated between 23,000 and 29,000, 95% Tajiks and 5% Kyrgyz, distributed among 17 villages), located south of Isfara on the right bank of the Karafshin river, in Kyrgyz territory. Another exclave in Kyrgyzstan is a small settlement", "title": "Soviet Central Asia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "clashes in the same region. Prior to the Soviet period, the inhabitants of the Osh region of the Fergana Valley referred to themselves as Kipchaks. In the 1920s, using language as the key determinant of ethnicity, Soviet ethnographers classified the lowland Kipchaks as Uzbeks and the highland Kipchaks as Kyrgyz. Although in the 1930s, Joseph Stalin divided the rich Fergana Valley among Kirghizia, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, nationalities were not necessarily confined to the borders drawn for them. Along the \"Kyrgyz\" side of the Tentek-say River, there was a significant population of Uzbeks. Because of the region’s oil reserves, the local", "title": "Osh riots (1990)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "UzDaewoo, which produces Nexia and Tico cars and the Damas minibus. Andijan Region Andijan Region (Uzbek: Andijon viloyati/Андижон вилояти, ئەندىجان ۋىلايەتى) is a region of Uzbekistan, located in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley in far eastern Uzbekistan. It borders with Kyrgyzstan, Fergana Region and Namangan Region. It covers an area of 4,200 km. The population is estimated to be around 2,756,400 thus making Andijan Region the most densely populated region of Uzbekistan. The name Andijan has originated from the Persian word of \"Andakan\". The traditional etymology connects the name with the Turk, ethnonim Gandhi (Gandhi Turks), known from", "title": "Andijan Region" } ]

[ "southeast of the Uzbek capital" ]

[ "Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev removed Rafiq Nishonov as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR and replaced him with Karimov, who went on to lead Uzbekistan as a Soviet Republic and subsequently as an independent state." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "1100 BC" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Middle Ages. While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal was much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify the hardness of steel by heat treatment had been known since 1100 BC, and the rare material was valued for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Because the ancients could not produce temperatures high enough to melt iron fully, the production of", "title": "Alloy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Middle Ages. While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal was much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify the hardness of steel by heat treatment had been known since 1100 BC, and the rare material was valued for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Because the ancients could not produce temperatures high enough to melt iron fully, the production of", "title": "Alloy" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "wall are maintained as a single property by English Heritage (known as \"Denton Hall Turret\"). The organisation operates the property as an open access site with no entrance fees. Turret 7B was the first site on Hadrian's Wall visited in Guy de la Bédoyère's BBC Radio 4 series \"The Romans in Britain\". Location: Milecastle 7 Milecastle 7 (Benwell Bank or Benwell Hill) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall. The milecastle itself has not been discovered by archaeologists and its presumed location lies beneath a modern housing development. Roman finds have been made in the area and the associated", "title": "Milecastle 7" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the Clive Barker movie \"Candyman\", and was composed for that film by noted composer Philip Glass. Also American Horror Story creator Ryan Murphy is good friends with Clive Barker and have help each other on Bill Condon's film \"Gods and Monsters\". \"Spilt Milk\" was watched by 2.51 million viewers and received an adult 18–49 rating of 1.5, higher than the previously aired episode. Rotten Tomatoes reports a 88% approval rating, based on 17 reviews. The critical consensus reads, \"\"Spilt Milk\" offers freshly enticing plots, grossly insane shocks, and an almost-happy resolution.\" Todd VanDerWerff of \"The A.V. Club\" thought the", "title": "Spilt Milk (American Horror Story)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "within the existing walls. The new facility retains the intimate atmosphere of its predecessor, while having almost two times the seating capacity at 11,858 (originally 12,300 and later 11,877). In particular, there are no soundproofing devices. The arena contains The Bench, a courtside section that holds approximately 900 student fans. The amount of student seating doubled from the old arena, up to 2,600 from 1,300. It also holds the Pacific-10 Women's Basketball attendance record of 10,525 people, set during a game against rival Stanford University on February 23, 2008. The renovation, which cost $57.5 million, began after the final home", "title": "Haas Pavilion" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sacks. This game was Temple's first victory over a Big Ten team since a 1990 victory over the Wisconsin Badgers, as the Owls snapped a 31-game losing streak in the series to the Nittany Lions. This was the Owls' first victory over Cincinnati since 1985. This was the first game, and win, for a nationally ranked Owls team since 1979. This was the first time ESPN's \"College GameDay\" visited a Temple home game. Set up at Independence Mall, the broadcast attracted more than 10,000 fans. This win sealed the Owl's berth in the inaugural AAC Championship, their second division title", "title": "2015 Temple Owls football team" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NFL quarterback Joe Montana. The town's history and contemporary state (circa 1995) is discussed at length in travel writer Jonathan Raban's book, \"\". According to Raban, Ismay's story is emblematic of the settlement and desettlement of the northern Great Plains. Ismay is located at (46.499497, -104.793590). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 19 people, 9 households, and 5 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 13 housing units at an average density of .", "title": "Ismay, Montana" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "much work can be done by mere holding the cold end with one’s bare hand. Steel is a fairly poor conductor of heat, and orange hot steel at one end would be cold to the touch a foot or so. The Anvil (makera) at its simplest is a large block of iron or steel. Over time this has been refined to provide a rounded horn to facilitate drawing and bending, a face for drawing and upsetting and bending and on one or more holes to hold special tools (swages or hardies) and facilitate punching. Often the Flat surface of an", "title": "Makera Assada" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lose too much heat before it can conduct to the edge. Sometimes the steel is heated evenly to just below the desired temperature, and then differentially tempered, making it easier to control the temperature change. Another way is to partially embed the steel in an insulator, like sand or lime, preventing too much heat loss during tempering. Eventually, this process was applied to swords and knives, to produce mechanical effects that were similar to differential hardening, but with some important differences. To differentially temper a blade, it is first quenched to harden the entire blade evenly. The blade is then", "title": "Differential heat treatment" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "version of these was known as an averruncator. There are two different types of blades for pruning shears: Stainless steel and carbon steel. In addition there are pruning shears that have titanium coating. Stainless steel have a high corrosion resistance, due to the protective chromium oxide layer that covers the steel surface after heat treatment. On the other hand, they are not durable for long. Carbon steel has a higher carbon content, which gives the steel a lower melting point, more malleability and durability, and better heat distribution. The disadvantages are the quick corrosion and staining. Titanium coated blades offer", "title": "Pruning shears" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "recovery. I know firsthand that Eric is a fighter and I have full confidence that he will beat cancer once again. I have received numerous calls and emails today regarding my political future and I truly appreciate all of those who believed in me and supported me during my 28 years of public service. I will address any political decisions in the future but right now it is important for Eric to get the treatment that he needs to recover. Since that time, Kuhl has become more public and has been issuing more public statements and granting interviews to local", "title": "Randy Kuhl" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carburizing Carburizing, carburising (chiefly British English), or carburization is a heat treatment process in which iron or steel absorbs carbon while the metal is heated in the presence of a carbon-bearing material, such as charcoal or carbon monoxide. The intent is to make the metal harder. Depending on the amount of time and temperature, the affected area can vary in carbon content. Longer carburizing times and higher temperatures typically increase the depth of carbon diffusion. When the iron or steel is cooled rapidly by quenching, the higher carbon content on the outer surface becomes hard due to the transformation from", "title": "Carburizing" } ]

[ "1100 BC" ]

[ "While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify the hardness of steel by heat treatment had been known since 1100 BC, and the rare material was valued for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Because the ancients could not produce temperatures high enough to melt iron fully, the production of steel in decent quantities did not occur until the introduction of blister steel during the Middle Ages. This method introduced carbon by heating wrought iron in charcoal for long periods of time, but the penetration of carbon was not very deep, so the alloy was not homogeneous. In 1740, Benjamin Huntsman began melting blister steel in a crucible to even out the carbon content, creating the first process for the mass production of tool steel. Huntsman's process was used for manufacturing tool steel until the early 1900s." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "two" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was trapped by a blockade of British ships. Captain Spindler allowed himself to be escorted towards Cork Harbour, in the company of the sloop . The German crew then scuttled the ship. Spindler and crew were interned for the duration of the war. At this point Roger Casement and his companions who had been landed by the submarine in Kerry had been captured in an old ringfort or rath, between Ardfert and Tralee . One of the two car-loads of Volunteers who were supposed to meet Spindler had crashed into the River Laune, many miles away, at Ballykissane pier, Killorglin,", "title": "SS Libau" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "type Kerry commanded. 'But I was very disappointed in his statements after he got out of the Navy. Of those who served in Kerry's boat crew, only Stephen Gardner joined SBVT. He was not present on any of the occasions when Kerry earned his medals, including his Purple Hearts. Gardner appeared in two of the group's television advertisements. All other living members of Kerry's crew supported his presidential bid, and some frequently campaigned with him as his self-described \"band of brothers\". Kerry crew members have disputed some of SBVT's various allegations, calling them \"totally false\" (Drew Whitlow), \"garbage\" (Gene Thorson),", "title": "Swift Vets and POWs for Truth" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "advisors that were with them had disembarked at the ambush site, Kerry's boat and another headed up river to look for the fleeing enemy. The two boats came under fire from a Viet Cong B-40 rocket-propelled grenade, shattering the crew cabin windows of PCF-94. Kerry ordered the boats to turn and charge the second ambush site. As they reached the shore, a Viet Cong soldier jumped out of the brush, carrying a loaded B-40 launcher. With the enemy soldier only a short distance away from the boat and crew, forward gunner Tommy Belodeau shot him in the leg with the", "title": "Military career of John Kerry" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "An Thoi on March 26 and the crew was disbanded. During the night of December 2, 1968, and early morning of December 3, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating in and around a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). Kerry's boat surprised a group of men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began to run. When the men refused to obey an order to stop running, Kerry and his crew of two enlisted men opened fire, destroyed the sampans, and took off. During this encounter, Kerry suffered a wound from", "title": "Military career of John Kerry" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the pole. This was the race in which Dale Earnhardt clinched his fifth Winston Cup championship. ESPN ran a comedic segment on \"How to Steal a Championship\" where two crew members from Davey Allison and Ricky Rudd's teams which were second and third and points respectively, attempted to steal Earnhardt's driving uniform and helmet, in an effort so Earnhardt could not start the race. Those efforts were thwarted by longtime Earnhardt crewman Chocolate Myers and Earnhardt won by merely starting the race, and completing the first lap. Top ten results Failed to qualify: 0-Delma Cowart, 13-Kerry Teague, 35-Bill Venturini, 36-H.B.", "title": "1991 NASCAR Winston Cup Series" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "neologism \"swiftboating\", to describe an unfair or untrue political attack. Defenders of Kerry's service record, including former crewmates, stated that allegations made by SBVT were false. Of the approximately 3,600 Swift boat sailors who served in Vietnam, the names of some 200 appeared on the group's statement against Kerry; most did not serve at the same time or in the same place as Kerry. Of those who served in Kerry's boat crew, only Stephen Gardner joined SBVT. He was not present on any of the occasions when Kerry earned his medals, including his Purple Hearts. Gardner appeared in two of", "title": "John Kerry military service controversy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On week days she made two round trips that took 7 hours each way, using three of the four boilers. On weekends, she made three, six-hour round trips on all four boilers. The crew lists were between 105 and 109, with around 55 of them in the steward's department alone to take care of the 900 or so passengers on board. There are stories from former crew members about how they would \"lose count\" as to how many were actually on board. If you were there, apparently you did not get turned away. The cost per person in the 1950s", "title": "SS Milwaukee Clipper" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Athens, Greece. Craig Jones placed 11th in the Men's Single Scull, while Brendan Long and Peter Hardcastle finished 12th in the Men's Double Scull. Garratt coached five Mosman athletes onto the 2008 Olympic team (Peter Hardcastle, Tom Laurich, Daniel Noonan, Zoe Uphill and Amy Clay). Two (Uphill and Clay) were part of the Women's Quad Scull crew with Amber Bradley and Kerry Hore. The crew were coached by Nick Garratt and made the A Final where they placed 6th. The 2012 London Olympics were Garratt's fourth as a coach. He coached the Australian Women's Eight to a 6th placing after", "title": "Nick Garratt" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "used as it caused much stress, wear and tear on the construction. It was loaded with clips of 6 grenades by two crew members. The clips were prepared by several other crew members. One gunner aimed and fired the weapon. It is unknown how many units were built, but it is estimated that the number could hardly have been much more than 150. The idea was that the M19 mortar would be used in conjunction with machine guns, especially those mounted in armoured domes. The mortar was to fire into areas that were out of range for the machine guns,", "title": "M19 Maschinengranatwerfer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "1497 Vasco da Gama led a fleet of four ships with a crew of 170 men from Lisbon. The distance traveled in the journey around Africa to India and back was greater than around the equator. The navigators included Portugal's most experienced, Pero de Alenquer, Pedro Escobar, João de Coimbra, and Afonso Gonçalves. It is not known for certain how many people were in each ship's crew but approximately 55 returned, and two ships were lost. Two of the vessels were carracks, newly built for the voyage, the others were a caravel and a supply boat. The four ships were:", "title": "Vasco da Gama" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "following year when Roscommon beat Kerry. Roscommon were captained by Jamesie Murray from Knockcroghery. Legend tells how Roscommon lost a six-point lead in the final three minutes of the 1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final against Kerry, Tom Gega O'Connor and Paddy Kennedy scoring the goals. Roscommon were beaten in the replay (Gerry Dolan made one of the greatest saves in Croke Park history against Laois in that year's semi-final). The injured team-captain, Jimmy Murray, was having blood wiped from his face to \"look right\" for the presentation when Kerry struck for two late equalising goals. Defeats in 1947, 1952", "title": "Roscommon GAA" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "match for 'the Kingdom'. A 1–11 to 0–9 victory gave Ó Sé a third Munster winners' medal. After an exciting game with Roscommon, Kerry advanced to an All-Ireland semi-final meeting with Tyrone. After being shocked in the latter stages of the two previous championships, Kerry were out to atone and were favourites going into the match. The whole team struggled, however, and Kerry looked like they were going to be left behind with the new \"blanket defence\" that was introduced by teams like Armagh and perfected by Tyrone. Many criticised this tactic as a means of stopping talented footballers like", "title": "Tomás Ó Sé" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of the bomber crews, with Hastings telling how pilots named the bomber \"The Wimpy\" after the contemporary cartoon character J. Wellington Wimpy. It had a resilience to flak and could ride out trouble, albeit Hastings said that aircrews were still more likely to die than survive a 30-mission tour. Cooling told how his first flight returned with petrol leaking out of a fuel tank, with the pilot simply remarking they were 'back in time for last orders'; the crew were flying again within two days. The film covered the Broughton factory, a shadow factory which built many of the 11,461", "title": "Vickers Wellington LN514" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "West Kerry Senior Football Championship and two West Kerry Leagues. They have also played in two other Kerry Intermediate Football Championship finals, one West Kerry Senior Football Championship Final, two West Kerry League Finals, two West Kerry Minor Championship Finals, and one Munster Junior Club Football Championship Final. In 1993, the club played in the Kerry Senior Football Championship for the first time and made it to the final, where shorn of many of their star players due to injury, lost out to Laune Rangers. There were some notable wins along the way, including a first round win over then", "title": "Annascaul GAA" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kerry beach in what was one of only two such instances when a German submarine crew risked its own safety to protect the crew of a vessel they torpedoed and sank. In 1984 he visited the Kerry man, Jimmy Fenton, who catered for the Greek sailors and posed for a photograph shaking his hand. Werner Lott Werner Lott (3 December 1907 – 2 May 1997) was a German U-boat commander in World War II. He was taken prisoner on 29 November 1939 after his boat was scuttled in the North Sea at position after having been depth-charged by , and", "title": "Werner Lott" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "considered Ghetto's best body of work, especially with how dark and aggressive this mixtape was. Unknown to many, he also had 'beef' with Boy Better Know (3 members from the crew that he had clashed previously in consecutive years) and two of the mixtape's songs were centered on each member of the crew. This type of promotion was what helped him increase record sales in famous retail stores. Some of the mixtape's content was banned from legal radio at the time, however, some of the songs' one-liners have go on to become famous trademarks in grime events. It includes collaborations", "title": "Ghetts" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "instantly transports itself to a planet which it has decided the crew will colonize, christening it \"Pandora\". The first book ends with a demand from Ship for the crew to learn how to WorShip or how to establish a relationship with Ship, a godlike being. The action of the book is divided between two settings, the internal spaces of Ship which is orbiting Pandora and the settlements on the planet. While the original crew of Ship, as described in \"Destination: Void\", were cloned human beings from the planet Earth, by the time of \"The Jesus Incident\", the crew has become", "title": "The Jesus Incident" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "followed by several drug problems. Among the many of them were two arrests, the first of which resulted in probation. One day after being indicted for the second charge, which likely would have resulted in extensive jail time (being a violation of his probation), Kerry committed suicide with a single gunshot to the heart with a .44 caliber pistol on February 18, 1993 on his father's ranch in Denton County, Texas. Bret Hart states in his biography (\"My Real Life in the Cartoon World of Wrestling\") that Kerry had told him months before about his plans, that he had wanted", "title": "Kerry Von Erich" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "vehicle and also attempted to attack him with a piece of two-by-four. Minor damage occurred with the vehicles, and the ensuing fight continued until Chris Adams, Jeff Jarrett, and others broke up the brawl. Promoter Max Andrews \"suspended\" Kerry for his actions, but no time frame was given as to how long he was suspended. This drew the ire of Borne, who demanded the USWA forfeit Kerry's Texas heavyweight belt. Instead, Kerry was reinstated days later as the two battled for the belt, which Borne won thanks to interference by Percy Pringle. Pringle joined Borne in his feud with Kerry,", "title": "World Class Championship Wrestling" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "from his physics degree Foale made calculations of how the stars were moving past his fixed-point thumb reference on a window, and was thus able to advise Russian ground control of how to stop the resulting roll. The two Russian cosmonauts of Mir 23, Vasily Tsibliyev and Aleksandr Lazutkin were planned to conduct an intravehicular activity (IVA) to inspect the collision damage from the interior of the space station, but this IVA was actually carried out by Mir EO-24 crew. After the Mir EO-24 crew exchange, Soyuz TM-26 with all three crew aboard was undocked, repositioned and re-docked. Foale acted", "title": "Michael Foale" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "art. Through the '90s, school groups took guided tours with trained docents. The new location on the National Mall increased the museum's unguided visits. In the early 1980s, the Smithsonian found that few of its 20 million annual visitors were of a racial minority despite the city's large black population, and created a committee to address the disparity. As the African art museum had not yet moved to the National Mall, it served a black constituency in a racially mixed neighborhood, with racially integrated staff and programming popular among local school groups with its regular films, folk stories, and lectures.", "title": "National Museum of African Art" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with a hip roof and exterior finished in synthetic siding. A single-story porch extends across its three-bay front facade, supported by square posts. At the time of its National Register listing, it was more elaborately finished, with Italianate brackets in the eaves, turned porch posts with brackets at the top, and rope moulding on the window headers of the front facade. These have been lost or obscured by subsequent exterior residing (see photo). The house was built about 1888, a relatively early date in the development of triple deckers as features of residential development in southern Worcester. Almost all of", "title": "Philip Duke Three-Decker" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to make a psychological self-analysis. Loneliness is the condition for monologues to appear. Elaman concludes: \"It's common for a lone person to think.\" His thoughts constantly bifurcate. \"But in the evenings he felt bad. He looked into his wife's eyes and saw her alienation. And as fish in the sea came and went away, he knew when they came and went, but he didn't know why, the same was with his wife: he saw something was happening in her eyes and face, but didn't know what it was, and the only thing he knew for sure that was not him,", "title": "Abdizhamil Karimuly Nurpeisov" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "construction date is in question, however. Thompson and West indicates that Tom Freeman built a bridge across Oregon Creek in 1858 and in 1871 built another a little above the first at a cost of $2,500.00. The original bridge was washed away subsequent to the construction of the new bridge. (1879:100) Other references quote various dates, including 1860, 1861 and 1862 as the year that the bridge was constructed. (Adams 1963:134) In any event, this bridge is either the oldest, or one of the oldest covered bridges in the western United States still in general use. (Adams 1963:134) Tom Freeman,", "title": "Oregon Creek Covered Bridge" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "abandoned (\"Wüstung\") but may have been a local place of settlement in late Antiquity, bridging the abandonment of the \"castrum\" and the building of the castles. Excavations indicate that a first castle was built to the northwest of the later abbey (c. 800 AD) and a second castle followed around 1000 AD in the area called \"Hainfeld\", between the former \"castrum\" and the abbey site. This second castle overlooked the steep bank of the Wetter and was constructed in four phases over c. 150 years before it was abandoned shortly after 1151. This castle is known as \"\". The etymology", "title": "Arnsburg Abbey" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "trust\" with other soldiers, and that by his activism he had caused direct and inexcusable \"harm\" to soldiers still at war. (See John Kerry military service controversy.) Many believe that the organization's accusations coupled with the Kerry campaign's slow reaction to them were a significant factor in Kerry's November defeat. In addition, Kerry's first line from his acceptance speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention was, \"I'm John Kerry, and I'm reporting for duty.\" Critics have argued that this line was inept and that Kerry's emphasis on his Vietnam experience opened the door to the Swiftboat attacks and shifted the", "title": "John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "match. The whole team struggled and Kerry looked like they were going to be left behind with the new \"blanket defence\" that was introduced by teams like Armagh and perfected by Tyrone. Many criticised this tactic as a means of stopping talented footballers like Ó Sé and Colm Cooper from playing but few could deny its effectiveness. A humiliating 0–13 to 0–6 defeat saw Tyrone advance to the All-Ireland final while Kerry were unceremoniously dumped out of the championship. 2004 saw Galvin become an integral part of the Kerry team. The year began well with Kerry reaching the final of", "title": "Paul Galvin (Gaelic footballer)" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "which produced cut glass windows. About 1909, he built an American Foursquare style home designed to showcase many examples of ornate glass and woodwork, which stood until 2014. The former factory still stands at 14 Fourth Street SW in Rochester. Kerry Conley Kerry Ellsworth Conley (1 September 1866 – 5 March 1924) was Minnesota businessman, civic leader, and politician. Together with his brother Fred, they founded the Conley Camera Company in Spring Valley, Minnesota at 510 Main Street. They moved the business to Rochester, Minnesota in 1904 and built a factory. The brothers were childhood friends with Richard Sears, and", "title": "Kerry Conley" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "served in or with Kerry's division, and also on biographies of Kerry. Several members of Kerry's crew stated that O'Neill failed to interview them. Neither O'Neill nor Corsi had any firsthand knowledge of Kerry's service. O'Neill served on the Swift boats after Kerry left Vietnam and Corsi never served in Vietnam. According to the Swiftboat skipper who served with Kerry, the book was \"wrong.\" Kerry's fellow sailors released a point-by-point rebuttal of the claims and stated that \"The book's authors don't give Kerry's supporters the space or the credence that they warrant.\" According to \"Seattle Times\", the government documents support", "title": "Unfit for Command" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Time Line (AD album) Time Line is an album by American Christian rock musician Kerry Livgren, released in 1984. It features his newly formed band, AD. After Kerry left his previous band, Kansas, in 1983, he and his newly formed crew began production for Livgren's second solo album. Time Line was made for CBS Records and was recorded with material created by the crew. While recording, Kerry and his new crew all shared the same interest in Christianity and all the members had come together to form AD by the end of the session. Due to a complication in the", "title": "Time Line (AD album)" } ]

[ "two" ]

[ "During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first Purple Heart Medal." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "from 1930 until 1979" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known. In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as \"Malika-i-Mauseequi\" (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979. For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi", "title": "Punjab, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known. In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as \"Malika-i-Mauseequi\" (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979. For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi", "title": "Punjab, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the 2nd Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment, 2nd BCT, 10th Mountain Division detained three men when their truck was found to contain documents requesting rockets as well as a spool of copper wire, commonly used to build improvised explosive devices. Soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, 4th Brigade, 6th Iraqi Army Division found a large weapons cache, and soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, 15th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd BCT, 10th Mountain Division discovered multiple series of caches during the operation. Task Force 2-15 detained 16 individuals, and Company A, 4th Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment detained nine men and Troop B, 1st", "title": "Operation Commando Eagle" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ceramics. He has authored more than 500 archival papers that have been cited more than 31,000 times. His research mainly focuses on fundamentals, properties and applications of materials including ceramics, metals, semiconductors, polymers and thermoelectrics. Clarke is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of both the American Physical Society and the American Ceramic Society, and a recipient of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Senior Scientist Award. He was listed as an author of one of the 11 best papers in the 110 years of publications on ceramics and glasses. He serves as an Editor for Annual Review", "title": "David R. Clarke" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William \"Billy\" Murphy Jr. William H. “Billy” Murphy Jr. is an attorney and former judge in Baltimore, Maryland, now working as managing partner of Murphy, Falcon, Murphy law firm. An African-American, Murphy has been particularly associated with advocacy for civil rights; he has also been prominent in local politics over several decades. Murphy was born in Baltimore's Cherry Hill neighborhood to William H. Murphy Sr., one of the first African-American judges to serve on Baltimore's district court, and activist Madeline Wheeler Murphy. In 1965, he completed a B.S. in electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, before going on", "title": "William \"Billy\" Murphy Jr." }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gwennap Gwennap (, meaning \"the Parish of [Saint] Wenappa\") is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about five miles (8 km) southeast of Redruth. In the 18th and early 19th centuries Gwennap parish was the richest copper mining district in Cornwall, and was called the \"richest square mile in the Old World\". It is the location of the Great County Adit, and once-famous mines such as Consolidated Mines, Poldice mine and Wheal Busy. Today it forms part of area A6i (the Gwennap Mining District) of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage", "title": "Gwennap" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is to decide whether to approve a new treatment. Before making the final approve/reject decision, they ask what the value would be of conducting a further trial study on formula_18 subjects. This question is answered by the EVSI. The diagram shows an influence diagram for computing the EVSI in this example. The model classifies the outcome for any given subject into one of five categories: And for each of these outcomes, assigns a utility equal to an estimated patient-equivalent monetary value of the outcome. A decision state, formula_5 in this example is a vector of five numbers between 0 and", "title": "Expected value of sample information" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with hip-hop, known as Folkhop, is most often produced when folk vocals are purchased online to be remixed in a studio. Folk vocals are usually sung to traditional melodies, that are often repeated with new lyrics. Some South Asian DJs, especially in America, have mixed Punjabi folk music with house, reggae, and hip-hop to add a different flavor to Punjabi folk. These remixes continued to gain popularity as the 1990s came to an end. This movement was established and proliferated by DJs such as Mick St Clair, Punjabi MC and DJ Rekha. DJ Rekha, originally from the UK, now resides", "title": "Bhangra (music)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kabir and is mostly sung in languages such as Urdu, Pashto, Punjabi, Sindhi, Persian and Turkish. A few artists such as Abida Parveen, Junoon, Kailash Kher, Fuzön and Mekaal Hasan Band have achieved commercial success as well as mainstream critical recognition while some veteran sufi folk singers such as Arif Lohar and Saeen Zahoor have also dabbled in this genre. Sufi rock Sufi rock/ Sufi folk rock is a subgenre of rock music that combines rock with classical Islamic sufi music traditions. It emerged in the early 1990s and became widely popular in the late 1990s in India, Pakistan and", "title": "Sufi rock" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with the album named \"Keemti Cheez\" in 1990 and released several albums since then. Jaswinder Brar Jaswinder Brar (born 8 September 1973) is an Indian folk singer who sings in Punjabi language. She sings Punjabi folk and Bhangra and known as the \"Folk Queen\". She is known for her stage shows and is called \"Akharheya Di Rani\". She is specially known for her Lok Tatths. She started her career with the album named \"Keemti Cheez\" in 1990. Brar was born on 8 September 1973 to Baldev Singh and Narinder Kaur to a Punjabi Jatt family in Mandi Kalanwali of Sirsa", "title": "Jaswinder Brar" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "singer Alam Lohar. He received a gold disc LP for his Jugni in 1965. After that Saleem Javed and Arif Lohar, Alam Lohar's son, among others, have kept the tradition alive. Arif has brought in a more contemporary touch by incorporating modern vibes and rock influence in his versions of Jugni with Mukhtar Sahota (notably in his album \"21st century Jugni\"). In popular Pakistani culture Alamgir's Jugni is often the most-commonly recognized, which, in the mid-80's, encouraged young college students, most notably Saad Zahur, an architecture student at Lahore's NCA, who popularized the song with their own renditions. Arif Lohar", "title": "Jugni" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sardool Sikander Sardool Sikander () is a Punjabi folk and Punjabi Pop singer, who made his first appearances on radio and television in the early 1980s with his introductory album, \"Roadways Di Laari\". He has also acted in some Punjabi language movies, like Jagga Daku. Sardool's father, the late Sagar Mastana, was a famous tabla player who invented a special type of tabla that was played with a thin bamboo stick. Sardool is married to Amar Noorie, who is also an accomplished singer and actress and has achieved many awards just like her husband. They have travelled throughout the globe", "title": "Sardool Sikander" } ]

[ "from 1930 until 1979" ]

[ "Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known. In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "1,411" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "physics at West Memphis High School in West Memphis, Arkansas. Douglas is a Baptist Sunday school teacher and is active in a charitable program providing dental care to countries of the Third World. She is married to businessman Rick Frank Douglas (born 1950) of Alma and has three children, Cole, Jordan, and Molly. In the 2012 general election, Douglas won the District 75 seat vacated by the incumbent Democrat Homer Lenderman, who was transferred to District 53 via redistricting. She defeated another Democrat, Steve Breedlove, 6,374 (58.1 percent) to 4,590 (41.9 percent). Douglas is a member of these House committee:", "title": "Charlotte Douglas (politician)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "developing and applying the results of history and experience, and of preserving them as a general stock of reasoned opinion available as an aid and guide for all who are called upon to determine, in peace or war, the naval policy of the country,” This is still relevant today because the Naval Historical Branch (NHB) continues to function as part of the First Sea Lord’s Naval Staff, providing advice and support to defence policy and operations and fulfilling a wide range of tasks for both the Government and the public. Development of the Branch The Historical Section was temporarily established", "title": "Naval Historical Branch" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Caunter George Caunter (1758 — April 1812) governed the Prince of Wales' Island (Penang Island) as Acting Superintendent in 1797 during Superintendent Major Forbes Ross MacDonald's leave of absence and again in 1799 upon the resignation and departure of MacDonald. He served as Acting Superintendent until the arrival of Sir George Alexander William Leith in 1800. George Caunter was born in 1758\" to George Caunter (1716 — 1767) and Esther, of Abham, Staverton, Devonshire in England. His siblings were Esther (b.1756), Priscilla (b.1760) and Richard (b.1763). He married Harriett Georgina Hutchings (b.1769 Devonshire — 1800 Govt. Hse, Penang). Their", "title": "George Caunter" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "from Vietnam\" \"Travelling Partners: Using Literary Studies to Support Creative Writing about Real Spaces\" Conference of the Australian Association of Writing Programs. Eds. Brien D., Cole C., & Freiman M. (Lobb, J.) McNeil, P., Karaminas, V. & Cole, C. \"Fashion in Fiction: Text and Clothing in Literature, Film and Television\". \"The Road to Austinmer Beach\" 2014 June BBC Radio Four Catherine Cole Catherine Cole (born 9 December 1950) is an Australian author and academic. She lives between Australia, South West France and the UK Cole's work in the fields of fiction, poetry, non-fiction and academic writing has been widely published", "title": "Catherine Cole" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the high level of microscopic detail that can be achieved by a master engraver, counterfeiting of engraved designs is well-nigh impossible, and modern banknotes are almost always engraved, as are plates for printing money, checks, bonds and other security-sensitive papers. The engraving is so fine that a normal printer cannot recreate the detail of hand engraved images, nor can it be scanned. In the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, more than one hand engraver will work on the same plate, making it nearly impossible for one person to duplicate all the engraving on a particular banknote or document. The modern", "title": "Engraving" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and \"panch\" meaning five, gives the meaning \"head of the five decision makers of the gram panchyat\" of the village. He/She is elected by all the people of the village. Although panchayats have been in existence in India since antiquity, in post-Independence India, most of the rural development and community development projects have been sought to be executed through panchayats. In the federal Indian policy, different states had different laws governing the powers of the gram panchayats and sarpanches. In many states, elections were not held for decades and instead of the elected sarpanches, the gram panchayats were run by", "title": "Sarpanch" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McQueen, , is also the last person executed in the state's electric chair and is the only person since 1976 executed in Kentucky involuntarily. McQueen's last words, spoken to his spiritual adviser, were \"I love you, Father\". During his execution, smoke was seen rising from the electrodes placed on his right ankle. He was declared dead eight minutes after the execution had begun. Harold McQueen Jr. Harold McQueen Jr. (July 25, 1952 – July 1, 1997) was the first criminal executed by the State of Kentucky after the reinstatement of capital punishment in the United States in 1976. McQueen was", "title": "Harold McQueen Jr." }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haute. Three executions (none of them military) have occurred in the modern post-\"Gregg\" era. This list only includes those executed under federal jurisdiction. Since 1963, three people have been executed by the federal government of the United States. All were executed by lethal injection at USP Terre Haute. The assassinations of Lincoln and Garfield were prosecuted by the federal government because they took place in the District of Columbia. Guiteau's trial was held in D.C. court while the trial of the Lincoln conspirators was held in a special military tribunal. The assassin of William McKinley, Leon Czolgosz, was tried and", "title": "Capital punishment by the United States federal government" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "row. The federal government chose Terre Haute as the location of the men's death row due to its central location within the United States. Among those most recently executed at USP Terre Haute were Timothy McVeigh and Juan Raul Garza in 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr., in 2003. McVeigh, who was convicted for his responsibility for the Oklahoma City bombing, was the first prisoner executed by the U.S. Government since the moratorium on the death penalty was lifted in 1976. The method of execution used by the federal government is lethal injection. The following lists contain the names of current", "title": "United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "How to Be Popular How to Be Popular is a young adult novel written by Meg Cabot. \"How to Be Popular\" is written as a stand-alone book. It was published in July 2006 in the United States. It has since been published in 14 other countries. Steph Landry has been the target of jokes since sixth grade when she spilt a red Super Big Gulp on Lauren Moffat's white D&G skirt. In response, Lauren coined the phrase \"Don't be such a Steph Landry\" to ensure Steph never lives it down. As time has passed people have forgotten both the incident", "title": "How to Be Popular" } ]

[ "1,411" ]

[ "Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have been executed, almost exclusively by the states, with most occurring after 1990. Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number. California has the greatest number of prisoners on death row, has issued the highest number of death sentences but has held relatively few executions." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "effective production of cheap foods with a long shelf-life" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "major part of modern economy, and as such it is influential in political decisions (e.g., nutritional recommendations, agricultural subsidising). In any known profit-driven economy, health considerations are hardly a priority; effective production of cheap foods with a long shelf-life is more the trend. In general, whole, fresh foods have a relatively short shelf-life and are less profitable to produce and sell than are more processed foods. Thus, the consumer is left with the choice between more expensive, but nutritionally superior, whole, fresh foods, and cheap, usually nutritionally inferior, processed foods. Because processed foods are often cheaper, more convenient (in both", "title": "Nutrition" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "unknown reasons the cooperation with \"Blueberry\" did not seem to pan out either. Even though Dupuis did reissue all the \"(Young) Blueberry\" titles of the EDI-3-BD/Novedi era (but none from Alpen Publishers, or indeed any of the other Charlier creations) under its own imprint in their \"Repérages\" collection, no new titles were released during the equally short 1992-1993 tenure of \"Blueberry\" at that publisher. Tiring of Giraud's inaction, Philippe Charlier ultimately took matters into his own hand, and had all his father's co-creations return to parent publisher Dargaud at the end of 1993 without apparent objections from Giraud (though he", "title": "Blueberry (comics)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gea in the 3–2 win over Atlético Madrid; under new manager José Mourinho, he celebrated his tenth appearance in the Champions League with his first goal in the competition, netting from outside the penalty area in a 4–0 success at AFC Ajax for the group stage. In the 2011–12 campaign, due to Ricardo Carvalho's lengthy injury, Sergio Ramos was relocated to centre-back and Arbeloa begun appearing almost exclusively on the right side of the back four. On 1 August 2012, he extended his link to the club until June 2016. Subsequently, Arbeloa became a fringe player. In 2015–16 he appeared", "title": "Álvaro Arbeloa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Heartbeats; and then \"Daddy's Home\", \"Three Steps from the Altar,\" \"Our Anniversary\", and \"What Did Daddy Do?\" for Shep and the Limelites. Shep and the Limelites Shep and the Limelites was an American doo-wop trio of the early 1960s, composed of James \"Shep\" Sheppard (September 24, 1935 – January 24, 1970), Clarence Bassett (March 13, 1936 – January 25, 2005) and Charles Baskerville (July 6, 1936 – January 18, 1995). They are best known for their 1961 hit recording, \"Daddy's Home\", co-written by Sheppard. Sheppard and Bassett, both from Queens, New York, and Baskerville, originally from Virginia, organized a", "title": "Shep and the Limelites" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martin House (Greenville, Kentucky) The Martin House is a historic house located at 144 E. Main Cross St. in Greenville, Kentucky. The house was built in 1870 by the Brank family, whose 1840 house at the same site had burned down that year. The home initially had an Italianate design which featured decorative bracketing beneath its eaves. Tobacco merchant Rufus Martin bought the house in 1899, and he and his son remodeled it in the following decade. Martin's additions were mainly done in the Colonial Revival style and included a front porch supported by Tuscan columns. After Martin died in", "title": "Martin House (Greenville, Kentucky)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "place the crucifixion on Friday, 14 Nisan, others believe that according to the Synoptics it occurred on Friday, 15 Nisan. The problem that then has to be solved is that of determining in which of the years of the reign of Pontius Pilate (AD 26–36) the 14th and 15th Nisan fell on a Friday. In 1733, Isaac Newton considered only the range AD 31–36 and calculated that the Friday requirement is met only on Friday 3 April AD 33, and 23 April AD 34. The latter date can only have fallen on a Friday if an exceptional leap month had", "title": "Chronology of Jesus" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the nation. Factors for this include the large federal tax liability which is not adjusted for New Jersey's higher cost of living and Medicaid funding formulas. As shown by the study, incomes tend to be higher in New Jersey, which puts those in higher tax brackets especially vulnerable to the alternative minimum tax. New Jersey's economy is multifaceted, but is centered on the pharmaceutical industry, the financial industry, chemical development, telecommunications, food processing, electric equipment, printing, publishing, and tourism. New Jersey's agricultural outputs are nursery stock, horses, vegetables, fruits and nuts, seafood, and dairy products. New Jersey ranks second among", "title": "New Jersey" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "wood processing factories near Valdivia. Metallurgy, naval construction and repairs are also important industries, with the companies of Asenav and Alwoplast based in the area. Agroforestry/agriculture, livestock, aquaculture and food processing are lesser but also important industries that contribute to the region’s economy. The chocolate company (Entrelagos) contributes to the image of the region, as does the brewing industry, a symbol of the area and another important part of the local economy, with Kunstmann the most famous brewery in Valdivia. Beer, along with cold cut meat and sausages, is part of the city's German heritage and is preserved as part", "title": "Valdivia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Industry The leading industries in the city's economy are: food processing (production of meat products, fruit and vegetable products, the production of spirits, the production of frozen food, grain processing), electrical engineering (production tools and equipment for machine tools, production of electric heaters, manufacture and production mixers household appliances). There is also a developed machine industry (electronics, machinery and metal), plastic processing (production of household appliances), textiles (textiles and upholstery, manufacture of underwear, clothing accessories, footwear and backpacks), Wood (production plywood and furniture) building materials. Some notable major employers who are based in Białystok include: Border crossings The area has", "title": "Economy of Białystok" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "net food importer, with food accounting for 17% of imports in 1997. Little industry exists except for the processing of agricultural exports. Although potential wealth in petroleum, nickel, copper, and other natural resources is being explored, the uncertain security situation has prevented meaningful investor interest. Industrial development also is hampered by Burundi's distance from the sea and high transport costs. Lake Tanganyika remains an important trading point. The trade embargo, lifted in 1999, negatively impacted trade and industry. Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of perhaps 250,000 people and", "title": "Economy of Burundi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "traditionally been a pillar of its economy, with the nation's highest wheat and sesame output and second highest rice output, earning its reputation as the breadbasket of China. Henan is also an important producer of beef, cotton, maize, pork, animal oil, and corn. Food production and processing makes up more than 14% of the output from the province's secondary industry, and it is said that 90% of Chinese McDonald's and KFC ingredients comes from Henan. Although Henan's industry has traditionally been based on light textiles and food processing, recent developments have diversified the industry sector to metallurgy, petrol, cement, chemical", "title": "Henan" } ]

[ "effective production of cheap foods with a long shelf-life" ]

[ "As mentioned, lifestyle- and obesity-related diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent all around the world. There is little doubt that the increasingly widespread application of some modern food processing technologies has contributed to this development. The food processing industry is a major part of modern economy, and as such it is influential in political decisions (e.g., nutritional recommendations, agricultural subsidising). In any known profit-driven economy, health considerations are hardly a priority; effective production of cheap foods with a long shelf-life is more the trend. In general, whole, fresh foods have a relatively short shelf-life and are less profitable to produce and sell than are more processed foods. Thus, the consumer is left with the choice between more expensive, but nutritionally superior, whole, fresh foods, and cheap, usually nutritionally inferior, processed foods. Because processed foods are often cheaper, more convenient (in both purchasing, storage, and preparation), and more available, the consumption of nutritionally inferior foods has been increasing throughout the world along with many nutrition-related health complications." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "22 million" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "would acquire the assets of the largest cable television operator at the time, AT&T Broadband, for U.S.$44.5 billion. The proposed name for the merged company was \"AT&T Comcast\", but the companies ultimately decided to keep only the Comcast name. In 2002, Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T Broadband, thus making Comcast the largest cable television company in the United States with over 22 million subscribers. This also spurred the start of Comcast Advertising Sales (using AT&T's groundwork) which would later be renamed Comcast Spotlight. As part of this acquisition, Comcast also acquired the National Digital Television Center in Centennial, Colorado", "title": "Comcast" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "would acquire the assets of the largest cable television operator at the time, AT&T Broadband, for U.S.$44.5 billion. The proposed name for the merged company was \"AT&T Comcast\", but the companies ultimately decided to keep only the Comcast name. In 2002, Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T Broadband, thus making Comcast the largest cable television company in the United States with over 22 million subscribers. This also spurred the start of Comcast Advertising Sales (using AT&T's groundwork) which would later be renamed Comcast Spotlight. As part of this acquisition, Comcast also acquired the National Digital Television Center in Centennial, Colorado", "title": "Comcast" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the 9th century shows, a large Greek-speaking population must have remained in the areas overrun by the Slavs. Sometime between 687 and 695, all remaining imperial territory in southern Greece came under the new theme of Hellas, which had a strongly maritime character, being composed of coastal territories and mostly oriented towards the sea. In about 800, however, Hellas was split up, and while the name was retained for the territory comprising eastern Central Greece and Thessaly, the Peloponnese became a separate theme, with Corinth as the capital. The formation of the new province is directly linked to the re-imposition", "title": "Peloponnese (theme)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with the period when Harris was working in Australia. Since his return to Dunedin, Harris's work has turned back to his earlier figurative styles, though often concentrating more on religious iconography such as the Crucifixion rather than domestic scenes. Harris became the University of Otago's 1977 Frances Hodgkins Fellow, and in 2003 won the James Wallace Art Award, New Zealand's top art award. This award's prize included a one-year residency. A book on Harris's art by Justin Paton (simply titled \"Jeffrey Harris\") became a finalist in the 2006 Montana New Zealand Book Awards. Alongside the book, a major retrospective exhibition", "title": "Jeffrey Harris (artist)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "intellectual development of Europe with relation to Darwin's theory (one of a number of scientific papers presented during the week) and the subsequent discussion involved a number of other participants (although Wilberforce and Huxley were the most prominent). Although a number of newspapers made passing references to the exchange, it was not until later that it was accorded greater significance in the evolution debate. One of the most important contributions of the British Association was the establishment of standards for electrical usage: the ohm as the unit of electrical resistance, the volt as the unit of electrical potential, and the", "title": "British Science Association" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "War era bomb shelter. In 1983, the school was closed as part of sweeping changes occasioned by declining enrollment. Prior to the realignment, two area junior high schools (Dana and Collier) served grades 7-9, and fed Point Loma High School which served grades 10-12. After the realignment, Dana was closed; Collier was renamed after artist Steven V. Correia and restricted to grades 7-8; and Point Loma High became a four-year school serving grades 9-12. In the wake of the closure, the school district clashed with local residents. The district sought to lease or divest the Dana site; community activists, led", "title": "Dana Middle School (San Diego)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "there are no notable mentions until 1365, became more powerful (ultimately the most powerful nobleman in Macedonia) after the deaths of Vojislav Vojinović, Dejan and \"despot\" Jovan Oliver (whose status in Macedonia was very high), as Vukašin's rise would have been unlikely during the lifetime of these men. Vukašin's younger brother Jovan Uglješa is also thought to have participated in the dismemberment of Dejan's province, as he used this chance to take the provinces which bordered on the \"oblast\" (province) of Ser (Serres). No one looked to the young sons of Dejan who would later become very important. Dejan's death", "title": "Dejan (magnate)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Broadband (conceived and led by Chris Spanos), SBC bought controlling interest for $465 million when Prodigy was the fourth-largest Internet service provider behind America Online, Microsoft's MSN, and EarthLink. Prodigy in 2000 was reported to have 3.1 million subscribers of its own, of which 1.3 million were DSL customers. Attempts by SBC to sell the Prodigy brand became public knowledge on December 9, 2005. In late 2006, SBC purchased AT&T Corporation and re-branded itself as AT&T Inc. As of early 2007, there remained within AT&T's Internet operations a small group of former Prodigy employees located in AT&T's Austin, Texas, and", "title": "Prodigy (online service)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "operator, warned customers that using a Wi-Fi service for home networking constituted \"theft of service\" and a federal crime. Comcast blocked ports of VPNs, forcing the state of Washington, for example, to contract with telecommunications providers to ensure that its employees had access to unimpeded broadband for telecommuting applications. Other broadband providers proposed to start charging service and content providers in return for higher levels of service (higher network priority, faster or more predictable), creating what is known as a tiered Internet. In 2005, North Carolina ISP Madison River Communications blocked the voice-over-internet protocol (VOIP) service Vonage. The FCC issued", "title": "Net neutrality in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "York-based Cablevision, for $1.1 billion in stock, cash and a trade of other cable systems. The deal effectively made the Boston/New England region MediaOne's largest clustered market. In exchange for the Boston system, Cablevision also received several of AT&T Broadband's systems which served suburban New York communities. AT&T was unable to make the merger work for many reasons, and split the company into three separate companies: AT&T Corp. continued and retained its long distance business, AT&T Wireless Services was spun off as a public company, and AT&T Broadband was purchased by Comcast. At this point, MediaOne became known as Comcast", "title": "MediaOne" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Comcast (and its forerunners AT&T Broadband, MediaOne and TCI) until October 2009, when RCN started to carry CLTV after Tribune struck a new carriage agreement with Comcast that removed the channel's exclusivity to that provider, enabling CLTV to appear on additional providers in the Chicago area. Three months later on January 19, 2010, Comcast began offering CLTV on digital cable in the company's Rockford and South Bend service areas. The SportsChannel/Fox Sports Net and Comcast SportsNet overflow content was not exclusive before October 2009, and was used on other systems that did not carry CLTV. CLTV currently remains unavailable to", "title": "Chicagoland Television" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "its existence as Setanta Sports, Setanta also offered a broadband subscription service, Setanta Broadband, which allowed customers with a high speed internet connection to view some of the Setanta Sports channel content on their computers and includes access to pay-per-view events. Portuguese Liga soccer was available and Premier League matches were also broadcast starting the 2007-08 season on Setanta Broadband. Broadband customers did not receive Australian Football League matches as of July 2008, due to the league's new distribution deal with aussiesport.tv. Fox Soccer Plus Fox Soccer Plus (formerly Setanta Sports) is an American sports channel dedicated to soccer and", "title": "Fox Soccer Plus" } ]

[ "22 million" ]

[ "In 2001, Comcast announced it would acquire the assets of the largest cable television operator at the time, AT&T Broadband, for US$44.5 billion. The proposed name for the merged company was \"AT&T Comcast\", but the companies ultimately decided to keep only the Comcast name. In 2002, Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T Broadband, thus making Comcast the largest cable television company in the United States with over 22 million subscribers. This also spurred the start of Comcast Advertising Sales (using AT&T's groundwork) which would later be renamed Comcast Spotlight. As part of this acquisition, Comcast also acquired the National Digital Television Center in Centennial, Colorado as a wholly owned subsidiary, which is today known as the Comcast Media Center." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "religious group" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "B. Kates, Jr. state that \"we follow Harff's distinction between genocides and 'pogroms', which she describes as 'short-lived outbursts by mobs, which, although often condoned by authorities, rarely persist'. If the violence persists for long enough, however, Harff argues, the distinction between condonation and complicity collapses.\" According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the \"Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide\" (CPPCG). This also", "title": "Genocide" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group so defined by the perpetrator.\" Some critics of the international definition argued that the definition was influenced by Joseph Stalin to exclude political groups. According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has multiple meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by a government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning is defined by CCPG. This includes actions such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children to another group. Rummel created the term democide to include assaults", "title": "Genocides in history" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "B. Kates, Jr. state that \"we follow Harff's distinction between genocides and 'pogroms', which she describes as 'short-lived outbursts by mobs, which, although often condoned by authorities, rarely persist'. If the violence persists for long enough, however, Harff argues, the distinction between condonation and complicity collapses.\" According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the \"Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide\" (CPPCG). This also", "title": "Genocide" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of 1881 criminalizes incitement to racial discrimination, hatred, or violence on the basis of one's origin or membership in an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group. A criminal code provision deems it an offense to engage in similar conduct via private communication. In 2002, four Muslim organizations filed a complaint against Michel Houellebecq for stating that Islam was \"stupid\" and \"dangerous\" in an interview. The court found that Houellebecq was not immune from the charge on the grounds of literary immunity or freedom of speech, but acquitted him on the grounds that he criticized Islam rather than individual Muslims. In", "title": "Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Genocide Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part. The hybrid word \"genocide\" is a combination of the Greek word \"génos\" (\"race, people\") and the Latin suffix \"-cide\" (\"act of killing\"). The United Nations Genocide Convention, which was established in 1948, defines genocide as \"acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group\". The term genocide was coined by Raphael Lemkin in his 1944 book \"Axis Rule in Occupied Europe\"; it has been applied to the", "title": "Genocide" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "implications for humans Many members of the scientific community continue to explore the effects of evolutionary mismatch in our quickly changing world. The Neolithic Revolution brought about significant evolutionary changes in humans; namely the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, in which humans foraged for food, to an agricultural lifestyle. This change occurred approximately 10,000–12,000 years ago. Humans began to domesticate both plants and animals, allowing for the maintenance of constant food resources. This transition quickly and dramatically changed the way that humans interact with the environment, with societies taking up practices of farming and animal husbandry. However, human bodies had", "title": "Evolutionary mismatch" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Royal Vale School Royal Vale School () is a K-11 school in Region 3 of the English Montreal School Board (EMSB). It is an Immersion school at both the elementary and high school levels. Students who graduate from Royal Vale receive a bilingual certificate. Royal Vale has a 240 status as it is a school with a math and science focus. Royal Vale Alternative School opened to receive its first 125 students(from pre-kindergarten to grade 5) in September 1988 at the Dupuis location. The project was initiated by Caroline Kramer-Zilkha, who had a vision of creating an enriched math/science school.", "title": "Royal Vale School" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Democratic Party (German: \"Deutsche Demokratische Partei\"). The extreme right-wing of the National Liberals joined the German National People's Party. National Liberal Party (Germany) The National Liberal Party (, NLP) was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918. During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, the National Liberals became the dominant party in the Reichstag parliament. A first national liberal parliamentary group arose among right-wing deputies of the liberal German Progress Party in the Prussian House of Representatives during a constitutional conflict sparked by Minister President Otto von Bismarck: In 1862,", "title": "National Liberal Party (Germany)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Belgian Ultratop in the Flanders and Wallonia regions, and was eventually awarded a gold certification. The track peaked at number six on the Official German Charts, and was later certified platinum. It charted at number three on the Italian FIMI chart, and earned a double-platinum certification. In Oceania, \"Wrecking Ball\" charted at number two on both the Australian ARIA Charts and the Official New Zealand Music Chart. It was certified quadruple-platinum in the former country, and was given a platinum certification in the latter. An accompanying music video for \"Wrecking Ball\" was directed by Terry Richardson, and was premiered", "title": "Wrecking Ball (Miley Cyrus song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on YouTube on 7 September 2017, receiving over 9.77 million views in its first day. It is Webb's first music video in seven years. The music video finds Zayn on the run from two different groups, after he makes a sly hand-off with his mysterious accomplice played by actress Jemima Kirke. Soon after a brief confrontation Zayn outwits the law and escapes a pair of gangsters in an intense car chase and eventually lures both parties in a trap and drives off into the sunset with Kirke. The video was inspired by movies \"Casino\" and \"Goodfellas\". According to Zayn, \"It’s", "title": "Dusk Till Dawn (Zayn song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nazi flags, however the Criminal Code (39/1889) (especially Chapter 11 'War crimes and offences against humanity' Section 8) may be applied where an offence has been directed at a person belonging to a national, racial, ethnic or other population group due to his/her membership in such a group. Finland also has a history of swastikas for government and military flags. Namely being the Finnish Air Force, Defense Forces and certain regiments of the army. Although the air force has phased the symbol out after World War 2, it may still be used ceremonially. In France, it is illegal to display", "title": "Post–World War II legality of Nazi flags" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ethnic groups in South Africa The ethnic groups in South Africa have a variety of origins. Statistics South Africa asks people to describe themselves in the census in terms of five racial population groups. The 2011 census figures for these categories were Black African at 76.4%, White African at 9.1%, Coloured at 8.9%, Asian at 2.5%, and Other/Unspecified at 0.5%. Statistics South Africa provided five racial categories by which people could classify themselves, the last of which, \"unspecified/other\" drew negligible responses, and these results were omitted. The 2010 midyear estimated figures for the other categories were Black African at 78.4%,", "title": "Ethnic groups in South Africa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "these inconsistencies may lie in the Mestizo identity promoted by the Mexican government, which reportedly led to people who are not biologically Mestizos to identify as such. The following table is a compilation of (when possible) official nationwide surveys conducted by the Mexican government who have attempted to quantify different Mexican ethnic groups. Given that for the most part each ethnic group was estimated by different surveys, with different methodologies and years apart rather than on a single comprehensive racial census, some groups could overlap with others and be overestimated or underestimated. Of all the ethnic groups that have been", "title": "Mexicans of European descent" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "example, membership the group “military veteran” would be emphasized over membership in the group “humanities major” or “sciences major ”. Integrative models acknowledge the coexistence of separate group-based identities within a common group identity. This is in alignment with multicultural ideologies that emphasize appreciation for racial and ethnic diversity while still emphasizing a common national identity. Because divisive group membership is deemphasized in these categorization strategies, people from opposing groups express less ingroup favoritism. However, they do not necessarily show a reduction of bias against the outgroup. This approach has primarily been studied in laboratory settings and often with arbitrarily", "title": "Approaches to prejudice reduction" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "from an identity crisis due to Ottoman occupation, colonialism, and sectarianism. Saadeh claimed that the \"renaissance\" of the Syrian nation is inevitably linked to the purge of these \"decadent\" forces through the reinforcing of national solidarity, resistance against colonialism, and adoption of secularism. In Saadeh's vision of \"harmony\" among the country's ethnic and religious communities through a return to a so-called Syrian \"racial unity\" which was itself in fact a mixture of races, neither Islam nor pan-Arabism was important, and therefore religion wasn't either. Saadeh's concept of the nation was shaped mainly by historical concrete interactions amongst people over the", "title": "Syrian Social Nationalist Party" } ]

[ "religious group" ]

[ "According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Malayo-Polynesian" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "States Postal Service. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as some fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. The majority of the citizens of the Republic of Marshall Islands, formed in 1982, are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines, and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "States Postal Service. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as some fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. The majority of the citizens of the Republic of Marshall Islands, formed in 1982, are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines, and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Katabaga, Tayabas Ayta and Villaviciosa Agta. Except for English, Spanish, Chavacano and varieties of Chinese (Hokkien, Cantonese and Mandarin), all of the languages belong to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. There are 12 indigenous languages with at least one million native speakers: One or more of these is spoken natively by more than 90% of the population. A Philippine language sub-family identified by Robert Blust includes languages of north Sulawesi and the Yami language of Taiwan, but excludes the Sama–Bajaw languages of the Tawi-Tawi islands, as well as a couple of North Bornean languages spoken in southern", "title": "Languages of the Philippines" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Boykin Kellam Richard Boykin Kellam (May 30, 1909 – June 8, 1996) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Born in Princess Anne County, Virginia, Kellam read law to enter the bar in 1934. He was in private practice in Virginia from 1934 to 1960. He was a judge of the Circuit Court for the 28th Judicial Circuit of Virginia from 1960 to 1967. On July 17, 1967, Kellam was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a new seat on the United States District Court for the", "title": "Richard Boykin Kellam" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "river route since 1852 when the \"Uncle Sam\" came to the river. Additionally there was the claim that the river was navigable by steamboat as far as the Virgin River by the fur trapper Antoine Leroux who had successfully rafted down the Colorado from the Virgin River in 1837. Johnson was instrumental in getting Congressional funding for a military expedition to explore the Colorado River above Fort Yuma in 1856. Johnson lent Ives one of his men David C. Robinson as a pilot for the expedition. However, cut out of providing the steamboat for the 1857 expedition of Lt. Ives,", "title": "George A. Johnson & Company" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "cells he studied in detail the cell biology of the maturation process and identified the microbial and endogenous stimuli that trigger dendritic cell maturation (7, 10). Immunological memory: While the property of memory in the adaptive system had been known for decades, it was Lanzavecchia’s laboratory that described in humans a fundamental division of memory T cells into two major subtypes, central memory and effector memory T cells, which play distinct roles in secondary immune responses (11). He proposed that central memory T cells, which migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, represent memory stem cells responsible for recall responses and the", "title": "Antonio Lanzavecchia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(western) flank anchored on the North Sea and its left (eastern) flank adjoining the 1st Parachute Army. Defending the western Netherlands along the Maas River from the North Sea to Arnhem, its primary opponent was First Canadian Army. It was commanded successively by Friedrich Christiansen, Günther Blumentritt, and Philipp Kleffel. From November 1944 until April 1945, the 25th Army was subordinated to Army Group H and subsequently was transferred to the Northwest High Command (\"OB Nordwest\") for the remainder of the war. The surrender of German forces of the Northwest High Command to British 21st Army Group, including 25th Army,", "title": "25th Army (Wehrmacht)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "way of life. Ultimately, the European collaborators remained subordinated to German oversight and were \"kept on a short leash.\" Rolf-Dieter Müller puts the figures for the European Wehrmacht allies and volunteers who fought in the eastern campaign at approximately one-million men in total, which he claims gives substantial reason to \"re-evaluate\" the \"military dimensions\" of the overall collaboration. In Müller's estimation, the Wehrmacht would not have been capable of making it to Moscow in 1941 were it not for the Finnish, Hungarian, and Romanian conscripts; operations in the Volga and Caucasus in 1942 would have ground to a halt without", "title": "Non-Germans in the German armed forces during World War II" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "late 20th century, when some insisted on using \"Native American\", as their preferred term, the United States Census Bureau and other parts of government have also adopted it. In Alaska, indigenous peoples belong to 11 cultures with 11 languages. These include the St. Lawrence Island Yupik, Iñupiat, Athabaskan, Yup'ik, Cup'ik, Unangax, Alutiiq, Eyak, Haida, Tsimshian, and Tlingit, and are collectively called Alaska Natives. They include Native American peoples as well as Inuit, who are distinct but occupy areas of the region. The United States has authority with Indigenous Polynesian peoples, which include Hawaiians, Marshallese, Samoan, Tahitian, and Tongan; politically they", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "as trial does three. No known natural language has it, nor is there any proof that any natural language ever did. It was once thought to exist in the pronoun systems of Marshallese, spoken in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and in Sursurunga, in Tangga, and in several other Austronesian languages. While not all of these languages are adequately attested, it turns out that Sursurunga instead has both a \"lesser paucal\" (labeled \"trial\", but in fact referring to small groups, with typically three or four members) and a \"greater paucal\" (misnamed the \"quadral\", as it has a minimum", "title": "Grammatical number" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dogon languages The Dogon languages are a small, close-knit language family spoken by the Dogon people of Mali, which is generally believed to belong to the larger Niger–Congo family. There are about 600,000 speakers of a dozen languages. They are tonal languages – most, like Dogul, having two tones; some, like Donno So, having three. The basic word order is subject–object–verb. The evidence linking Dogon to the Niger–Congo family is weak, and their place within the family, assuming they do belong, is not clear. Various theories have been proposed, placing them in Gur, Mande, or as an independent branch, the", "title": "Dogon languages" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in a conversation in a language other than their mother tongue. Most official languages of the EU belong to the Indo-European language family, represented by the Balto-Slavic, the Italic, the Germanic, the Hellenic, and the Celtic branches. Some EU languages however, namely Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian (all three Uralic), Basque (Vasconic) and Maltese (Semitic) do not belong to Indo-European languages. The three official alphabets of the European Union (Cyrillic, Latin, and modern Greek), all derive from the Archaic Greek scripts. Besides the 24 official languages, there are about 150 regional and minority languages, spoken by up to 50 million people. Catalan,", "title": "European Union" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "283,482 household population, males accounted for 144,091 or 50.8 percent while females made up 139,391 or 49.2 percent. The voting-age population (18 years old and over) accounted for 56.6 percent of the household population of the province in 2010, up from 52.7 percent in 2000. There were more females (50.2 percent) than males (49.8 percent) among the voting age population. The languages of Romblon, as well as all languages native to the Philippines, belong to the Austronesian language family, the second largest language family in the world with 1,257 known languages, second only to the Niger-Congo family's 1,538 languages. All", "title": "Romblon" } ]

[ "Malayo-Polynesian" ]

[ "The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "late 14th century" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pakistan as early as the 8th century. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century. This period also saw the emergence of several powerful Hindu states, notably Vijayanagara, Gajapati, Ahom, as well as Rajput states, such as Mewar. The 15th century saw the advent of Sikhism. The early modern period began in the 16th century, when the Mughals conquered most of the Indian subcontinent. The Mughals suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Marathas, Sikhs and Mysoreans to exercise", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pakistan as early as the 8th century. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century. This period also saw the emergence of several powerful Hindu states, notably Vijayanagara, Gajapati, Ahom, as well as Rajput states, such as Mewar. The 15th century saw the advent of Sikhism. The early modern period began in the 16th century, when the Mughals conquered most of the Indian subcontinent. The Mughals suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Marathas, Sikhs and Mysoreans to exercise", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bande Nere, became the grandmother of Cosimo I de' Medici; thence were descended all the Catholic crowned heads of pre-Napoleonic Europe. Carlo de Gondi was a staunch backer of Piero de' Medici, and when the Medici came to be Grand Dukes, the Gondi received empty but honorary titles of Senators. The Palazzo Gondi in Piazza San Firenze, Florence, the central seat of the family, was built from 1489 to 1495 to designs of Giuliano da Sangallo for Giuliano Gondi; it later passed to the Orlandini . The cortile is enclosed by colonnaded loggias; the staircase is remarkable for its fine", "title": "Gondi family" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sport compact car. Ford Thunderbird (first generation) The first generation of the Ford Thunderbird is a two-seat convertible produced by Ford for the 1955 to 1957 model year, the first 2-seat Ford since 1938. It was developed in response to the 1953 Motorama display at the New York Auto Show, which showed the Chevrolet Corvette. The Corvette in turn was developed in response to the popularity of European sports cars among Americans. Dubbed a \"personal car\" by Ford, it built upon the heritage of the bespoke roadsters of the 1930s yet was constructed largely of existing components, marking the first", "title": "Ford Thunderbird (first generation)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "other, the party decide to return the city to normal by removing the five elemental crystal skulls being fought over by the two factions, then confront the Ideal Father. As they collect the crystal skulls, all the party but Jun confront Shadow Selves, manifestations of their suppressed insecurities. On the way to collect the final skull from the heart of Xibalba, they are forced to stop Maya Okamura, a former colleague of Kashihara who has been driven insane by events, from fulfilling the Oracle. Upon reaching the heart of Xibalba, they battle the Fuhrer and the Ideal Father, who turn", "title": "Persona 2: Innocent Sin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "listened mainly to funk, soul and maudlin singers, whilst Guy listened predominantly to hip hop, dubstep and was the drummer in an indie-style guitar band with school friends. Whilst Guy was attending Reigate College, he enjoyed studying classical music, especially the likes of Bach and Claude Debussy. A teenage interest in the music and production techniques of Detroit-based rapper and record producer J Dilla, led him through hip hop to attending dubstep gigs as a student; but he enjoyed house music more as a creation, and began studying it and introducing his brother to it. Studying and being primarily influenced", "title": "Disclosure (band)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "family lived at the Charles W. Goodyear House, built in 1903 by architect E.B. Green of Green & Wicks, at 888 Delaware Avenue in Buffalo. Together, they had four children, all born in Buffalo: Goodyear, a member of the Presbyterian Church, held office of trustee of the Buffalo Normal School, was organizing director of the Pan American Exposition, president of the Buffalo Club (in 1899), trustee to the Buffalo Historical Society, on the board of The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy and a delegate to Syracuse Convention. Among his close friends were U.S. President Grover Cleveland and Cleveland's Secretary of State", "title": "Charles W. Goodyear" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After conflict with the Dutch over the pepper trade in 1619, the Dutch East India Company Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen took the port of Jayakarta from Banten. He founded Batavia (now Jakarta) on the ruins of this Javanese town, which became the centre of VOC operation and a serious rival for Banten, later contributing to its decline. During the middle of 17th century several conflicts between Banten and the Dutch in Batavia, just 60 miles separated along the northern coast of Java, occurred. In 1628–1629 Mataram Sultanate was involved in power contest with Dutch East India Company (VOC) and launched", "title": "Banten Sultanate" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Red Fort. Delhi has been capital of India for more than 1000 years. New Delhi became the capital of India in 1912. The second medieval city of Siri Fort was built during the rule of Ala-ud-Din Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate with the major objective of protecting the city from the onslaught of the Mongols. The city, when built with an oval plan, was best described as presenting an embodiment of richness with palaces and other structures and had seven gates for entry and exit. But, at present, only the Southeastern gate exists, also in ruins (pictured). The destruction of", "title": "Gates of Delhi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "stands on the southern edge of the plateau and as its situation and form indicate, was, in all probability, designed for military purposes. Malwa Sultanate The Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval kingdom presumably of Turkic origin, in the Malwa region of the present day Madhya Pradesh state in India in 1392–1562. The sultanate of Malwa was founded by Dilawar Khan Ghuri, the governor of Malwa for the Delhi Sultanate, who asserted his independence in 1392, but did not actually assume the ensigns of royalty till 1401. Initially Dhar was the capital of the new kingdom, but soon it was", "title": "Malwa Sultanate" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "8th centuries), the Rashtrakuta Dynasty (8th to 10th centuries), the Chalukyas again (10th to 12th centuries), and finally the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri (late 12th to early 14th centuries). A period of Muslim rule began when Alauddin Khalji, the Sultan of Delhi conquered the region in the early 14th century. The region was part of the Bahmani Sultanate, which broke away from the Delhi Sultanate in the mid-14th century. The Bahmani Sultanate broke up into smaller sultanates at the end of the 15th century. In 1572, Berar became part of the Nizam Shahi sultanate, based at Ahmednagar. The Nizam Shahis", "title": "Buldhana district" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"saka\". \"Jauhar\" by Hindu kingdoms has been documented by Islamic historians of the Delhi Sultanate, and the Mughal Empire. Among the oft cited example of \"jauhar\" has been the mass suicide committed in 1303 CE by the women of Chittorgarh fort in Rajasthan, faced with invading army of Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. The \"jauhar\" phenomenon was also observed in other parts of India, such as in the Kampili kingdom of northern Karnataka when it fell in 1327 to Delhi Sultanate armies. The word \"jauhar\" is connected to Sanskrit \"jatugr̥ha\" \"house plastered with lac and other combustible materials for", "title": "Jauhar" } ]

[ "late 14th century" ]

[ "Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by the Central Asian Turks. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century when several powerful Hindu states such as the Vijayanagara Empire, Gajapati Kingdom, Ahom Kingdom, as well as Rajput dynasties and states, such as Mewar dynasty, emerged. The 15th century saw the emergence of Sikhism. In the 16th century, Mughals came from Central Asia and gradually covered most of India. The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire and Mysore Kingdom to exercise control over large areas of the subcontinent." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "1966" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "power in Nigeria's Western Region. The disequilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led, in 1966, to back-to-back military coups. The first coup was in January 1966 and was led mostly by Igbo soldiers under Majors Emmanuel Ifeajuna and Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. The coup plotters succeeded in assassinating Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier Ahmadu Bello of the Northern Region and Premier Ladoke Akintola of the Western Region. But, the coup plotters struggled to form a central government. President Nwafor Orizu handed over government control to the Army, then under the command of another Igbo officer, General", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Military coups in Nigeria There have been a large number of successful and failed military coups in Nigeria since the country's independence from the British Empire in 1960. A military coup is the violent or non-violent overthrow of an existing political regime by the military. Between 1966 and 1999 the army held power in Nigeria without interruption apart from a short-lived return to democracy between 1979-1983. “Military coups and military rule (which began as an emergency aberration) became a seemingly permanent feature of Nigerian politics. The January 1966 coup was carried out by mostly Igbo army officers including Major Kaduna", "title": "Military coups in Nigeria" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "little growth. This led to a rise in poverty, crime, child abuse, disease, institutional decay and urban dislocation. The instability and dissatisfaction caused by these policies was one of the causes of the consistent pattern of coups. Military coups in Nigeria There have been a large number of successful and failed military coups in Nigeria since the country's independence from the British Empire in 1960. A military coup is the violent or non-violent overthrow of an existing political regime by the military. Between 1966 and 1999 the army held power in Nigeria without interruption apart from a short-lived return to", "title": "Military coups in Nigeria" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the military. Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria. This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998. Although the elections that brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "not taken any action to date. Its report was not released to the public until 2005, when it was published by two activist groups, the Nigerian Democratic Movement and Nigeria-based Civil Society Forum. Nigeria was under British rule up until 1960. After independence, there were many internal conflicts within the country that limited Nigeria’s ability to consolidate. The country was divided along religious and ethnic lines which led to mass killings and eventually, a full civil war that would last until 1970. With Nigeria under the control of a military dictatorship following the 1966 Nigerian coup d'état, other coups continued", "title": "The Human Rights Violation Investigation Commission of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In July 1966 northern officers and army units staged a counter-coup. Muslim officers named a General from a small ethnic group (the Angas) in central Nigeria, General Yakubu \"Jack\" Gowon, as the head of the Federal Military Government (FMG). The two coups deepened Nigeria's ethnic tensions. In September 1966, approximately 30,000 Igbo were killed in the north, and some Northerners were killed in backlashes in eastern cities. Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu proposed a confederated Nigeria. In January 1967, the military leaders and senior police officials of each region met in Aburi, Ghana and agreed on a loose confederation of regions. The", "title": "Biafra" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "revenue for the Western region, led to internal tensions. Awolowo was arrested on what many considered trumped-up charges of treason, and plotting the overthrow of the federal government. Meanwhile, a pro-government party, the NNDP, was established in power in the Western Region by Chief Samuel Akintola, who left the AG to forge an alliance with the NPC at the center. These tensions and the manipulation of the elections of 1965 were among the factors that led to the 1966 military coups, and the subsequent Nigerian Civil War. The Unity Party of Nigeria in the Second Republic. It is often claimed", "title": "Action Group (Nigeria)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of democracy from 1979 to 1983. On June 6, 2018, eight days after May 29, 2018 had been celebrated as Democracy Day, the President Buhari-led Federal Government of Nigeria declared June 12 to be the new Democracy Day. This was done to commemorate the democratic election of MKO Abiola on June 12, 1993, in what has been adjudged to be Nigeria's freest and fairest elections. It was, however, cancelled by the Ibrahim Babangida Junta. After gaining independence in 1960 from Great Britain, Nigeria fell prey to civil war and the first of so many military coups in 1966. Democracy was", "title": "Democracy Day (Nigeria)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Coups d'état in Argentina In Argentina, there were six coups d'état during the 20th century: in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966 and 1976. The first four established interim dictatorships, while the last two established dictatorships of permanent type on the model of a bureaucratic-authoritarian state. The latter conducted a Dirty War in the line of State terrorism, in which human rights were systematically violated and there were tens of thousands of forced disappearances. In the 53 years since the first military coup in 1930, until the last dictatorship fell in 1983, the military ruled the country for 25 years, imposing", "title": "Coups d'état in Argentina" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the present economic dispensations. The abrogation of the NEP decree was therefore a step in the right direction. Furthermore, another reason for the low level of foreign investment in Nigeria is political instability. The various coups and counter coups since 1966, the discontentment and politically motivated riots following the long-drawn and inconclusive political engineering of the Babaginda Military Administration, all combined to create an environment not conducive to foreign investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is arguably an important source of employment opportunities for developing countries like Nigeria. As a consequence, it is imperative that the federal government promotes a healthy", "title": "Economy of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "democratic government. The coups d'état in Argentina generated a series of specific political-judicial problems: It is also possible to see an escalation in the repressive violence and a decline in respect for legal norms in each of the coups. In particular, whereas the first four coups d'état (1930, 1943, 1955, 1962) were defined as \"provisional governments\" and acted with the intention of calling democratic elections within a short time period, the two last coups (1966 and 1976) brought to power military dictatorships which were permanent and adhered to the idea of the bureaucratic-authoritarian state, described by Guillermo O'Donnell. An important", "title": "Coups d'état in Argentina" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lady of Nigeria 1985–93). They had four children together: Muhammadu, Aminu, Aishatu, and Halimatu. Maryam Babangida died from complications of ovarian cancer on 27 December 2009. General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (Rtd.) has received several awards and medals. In alphabetical order they include: Ibrahim Babangida Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (born 17 August 1941), is a retired Nigerian Army General who was President of Nigeria from 27 August 1985 to 26 August 1993. He previously served as the chief of army staff from January 1984 to August 1985. Babangida was a key player in most of the military coups in Nigeria (July 1966,", "title": "Ibrahim Babangida" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ibrahim Babangida Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (born 17 August 1941), is a retired Nigerian Army General who was President of Nigeria from 27 August 1985 to 26 August 1993. He previously served as the chief of army staff from January 1984 to August 1985. Babangida was a key player in most of the military coups in Nigeria (July 1966, February 1976, December 1983, August 1985, December 1985 and April 1990). Ibrahim Babangida was born on 17 August 1941, in Minna, Niger State, to his father Muhammad Babangida and mother Aisha Babangida. From 1950 to 1956, Ibrahim Babanginda attended primary school. From", "title": "Ibrahim Babangida" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tafawa Balewa, who had high respect and a soft spot for Jaja Wachuku pleaded with him to reinstate Blankson and accept another ministry. Wachuku refused. Balewa even asked his wife Rhoda Idu Jaja Wachuku to plead with him, yet he refused and tendered his resignation from Parliament and as an Executive Member of Government midday 14 January 1966. Balewa was yet to accept Wachuku's resignation when the army struck by mid-night; barely 12 hours later – thus ushering in the era of military coups in Nigeria. Wachuku's official residence, at 7, Okotie-Eboh Street Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria, was surrounded by soldiers.", "title": "Jaja Wachuku" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "wrote \"A Man of the People\", his model for the novel's events must have been military coups in other African nations. Despite his intentions, however, the subsequent coup in Nigeria meant that the book was again seen as being principally about Nigeria. The novel was republished in the influential Heinemann African Writers Series. A Man of the People A Man of the People (1966) is a novel by Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe. This satirical novel is a story told by the young and educated narrator, Odili, on his conflict with Chief Nanga, his former teacher who enters a career in", "title": "A Man of the People" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "1966 Nigerian counter-coup The 1966 Nigerian counter-coup, or the so-called \"July Rematch\", was the second of many military coups in Nigeria. It was masterminded by Lt. Colonel Murtala Muhammed and many northern military officers. The coup began as a mutiny at roughly midnight on July 28, 1966 and was a reaction to the killings of Northern politicians and Officers by mostly Igbo soldiers on January 15, 1966 (see 1966 Nigerian coup d'état.) The July mutiny/counter coup resulted in the murder of Nigeria's first military Head of State General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi and Lt Colonel Adekunle Fajuyi (who was hosting a visiting", "title": "1966 Nigerian counter-coup" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Aguiyi-Ironsi) in Ibadan by disgruntled northern non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Upon the termination of Ironsi's government, Lt. Colonel Yakubu Gowon was appointed Head of State by the July 1966 coup conspirators. According to historian Max Siollun northern soldiers had a list of grievances following the aborted January 15, 1966, coup which led to the planning of the counter-coup. A list of their grievances were: The principal coup plotters are listed below: 1966 Nigerian counter-coup The 1966 Nigerian counter-coup, or the so-called \"July Rematch\", was the second of many military coups in Nigeria. It was masterminded by Lt. Colonel Murtala Muhammed and", "title": "1966 Nigerian counter-coup" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "interrupted in 1964 by René Barrientos Ortuño, who proceeded to hold and win an election in 1966 and to convoke the Constituent Assembly of 1966-67 to rewrite the Constitution of Bolivia. Following Barrientos' death in 1969, democracy was further interrupted by military rule until 1979, including the eight-year dictatorship of Hugo Bánzer Suarez. In a chaotic period of transition marked by numerous coups d'état, three elections were held in 1978, 1979, 1980. Parliamentary majorities were not obtained in 1978 and 1979 and alliance building was interrupted by coups. Lydia Gueiler, an elected member of the National Congress assumed power constitutionally", "title": "Elections in Bolivia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "with what he (my father) wanted to do because they wanted the coup to be bloody. They now ordered a Lt. Col to shoot him and he died instantly on the scene at the present Area 1 bridge side in Abuja\". Ibrahim Bako Brigadier Ibrahim Bako (1943 – December 31, 1983) was a senior officer in the Nigerian Army who played a principal role in two Nigerian military coups: the July 1966 counter-coup and the December 1983 coup. The 1983 coup ousted the democratic government of Shehu Shagari while the July 1966 coup ousted the military government of General Ironsi.", "title": "Ibrahim Bako" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "power in Nigeria's Western Region. The disequilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led, in 1966, to back-to-back military coups. The first coup was in January 1966 and was led mostly by Igbo soldiers under Majors Emmanuel Ifeajuna and Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. The coup plotters succeeded in assassinating Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier Ahmadu Bello of the Northern Region and Premier Ladoke Akintola of the Western Region. But, the coup plotters struggled to form a central government. President Nwafor Orizu handed over government control to the Army, then under the command of another Igbo officer, General", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "were required to involve a broad group of individuals in policy development and to have a plan for measuring policy implementation. Districts were offered a choice of levels of implementation for limiting or prohibiting low nutrition foods on the school campus. In final implementation these regulations prohibit some foods and beverages on the school campus. The Pennsylvania Department of Education required the district to submit a copy of the policy for its approval. In 2009, Clarion-Limestone Area School District received funding through a Highmark Healthy High 5 grant. Clarion-Limestone Area Elementary School received $10,000 which was used in support of", "title": "Clarion-Limestone Area School District" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to the Iraqi nuclear program, although that was not of direct effect on the Iran–Iraq War. With respect to conventional military supplies, Italy provided land and sea mines to both Iraq and Iran. Iraq had ordered naval vessels and helicopters from Italy, although the ships were seized under the embargo. In 1990 Roberto Formigoni garnered attention when he was involved in a mission to Iraq which successfully concluded with the freeing of some Italian technicians who were held hostages of the local government. Italy, along with other European and non-aligned states, supported the January 1991 French proposal of a UN", "title": "Iraq–Italy relations" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bulgarians in Ukraine Bulgarians in Ukraine is the fifth biggest minority in the country primarily residing in the southern regions where they make up a significant minority living in the Odessa Oblast, the city of Bolhrad. In Ukraine, the number of Bulgarians is estimated at over 140,000 (the 2001 Ukrainian Census counted a total of 204,600 Bulgarians, this including an undetermined number of more recent emigrants), being a majority in Bolhrad District and also inhabiting other districts of Budjak in the Odessa Oblast in the southern part of the country. Many Bulgarians have moved to Odessa, the regional capital in", "title": "Bulgarians in Ukraine" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "his weakest and manage to defeat him. Stryfe builds an empire using Celestial technology and Bishop becomes his right-hand man, waiting for Cable and Hope to re-emerge. When they do appear along with X-Force, Hope is kidnapped. Bishop betrays Stryfe and his plot to kill Hope is foiled by Stryfe, who wants to make her his heir. Both attempts are foiled by Apocalypse, X-Force, and Cable. Cable manages to rescue Hope and escape yet again. Bishop escapes into the \"near future\" of the 21st century, reconstructing his arm, vowing to find Hope once again. After several years of running from", "title": "Bishop (comics)" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "at any rate far ‘lighter’ than that used for the Cambodian standard gauge of 1 metre. It is impossible to conjecture whether the rail-lampposts were placed there by the railway itself (perhaps an attempt to develop Phnom Krom as a tourist location), or by another party after the railway had ceased to function. Phnom Krom railway The Phnom Krom railway was a gauge narrow gauge railway that ran approximately 6 miles (9.5 km) from the town of Siem Reap, Cambodia in the north to the temple hill of Phnom Krom in the south. Very little historical evidence remains about this", "title": "Phnom Krom railway" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "has had a tumultuous history since then, with many different democratic governments, military coups, and military governments. A Marxist–Leninist state called the People's Republic of Benin existed between 1975 and 1990. In 1991, it was replaced by the current multi-party Republic of Benin. During the colonial period and at independence, the country was known as Dahomey. On 30 November 1975, it was renamed to Benin, after the body of water on which the country lies—the Bight of Benin. This had been named by Europeans after the Benin Empire in present-day Nigeria. The country of Benin has no connection to Benin", "title": "Benin" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "became the regular armed forces of the newly independent state and grew rapidly to about 12,000 by the time of the 1948 Arab−Israeli War, the first of four Arab−Israeli wars between 1948-86. The Syrian Armed Forces fought in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (against Israel) and were involved in a number of military coups. Between 1948-67 a series of coups destroyed the stability of the government and any remaining professionalism within the armed forces. In March 1949 the chief of staff, Gen. Husni al-Za'im, installed himself as president. Two more military dictators followed by December 1949. Gen. Adib Shishakli then held", "title": "Syrian Armed Forces" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jaji) and acting GOC 1 Mechanised Division, Kaduna was tasked by the coup conspirators (see below for list of conspirators) with arresting President Shehu Shagari presumably after Shagari's Brigade of Guards had been neutralized (without violence as planned) by Col Tunde Ogbeha. Author Max Siollun notes that Bako was chosen for the arresting role because Bako's father was a personal friend to Shagari. Unknown to Bako was the fact that the coup plot had leaked to President Shagari whose guards were on high alert. After arriving at the Presidential residence (in non military attire) with an armed detachment to arrest", "title": "Military coups in Nigeria" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "aborted coup led to the assassination of General Murtala Muhammed. Upon General Muhammed's death and the foiling of the coup, then Lt General Olusegun Obasanjo became Head of State. The Nigerian Military Coup of December 31, 1983 was led by a group of senior army officers who overthrew the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari. Participants included Majors General Ibrahim Babangida and Muhammadu Buhari, Brigadiers Ibrahim Bako, Sani Abacha, and Tunde Idiagbon. Major General Buhari was appointed Head of State by the conspirators. Ibrahim Bako (then Director of the Army Faculty at the Armed Forces Command and staff College,", "title": "Military coups in Nigeria" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "museums, and brought to near completion the Caracas-Cúa railroad and the Yacambú-Quíbor hydrological complex. At the beginning of his second term, Caldera culminated the dismissals of legal charges that his predecessors, presidents Carlos Andrés Pérez and Ramón J Velázquez, implemented to release from prison the military officers responsible for the failed coups of 4 February and 27 November 1992. As a result of this policy, aimed at pacifying the insurgent military force, there were no uprisings, attempted military coups, or deaths for political demonstrations during the five years of Caldera’s second term. This decision was welcomed and supported by all", "title": "Rafael Caldera" } ]

[ "1966" ]

[ "The disquilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led, in 1966, to back-to-back military coups. The first coup was in January 1966 and was led by Igbo soldiers under Majors Emmanuel Ifeajuna and Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. The coup plotters succeeded in murdering Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier Ahmadu Bello of the Northern Region and Premier Ladoke Akintola of the Western Region. But, the coup plotters struggled to form a central government. President Nwafor Orizu handed over government control to the Army, then under the command of another Igbo officer, General JTU Aguiyi-Ironsi." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the Song dynasty" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town. The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It was renamed Shengzhou () in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling () during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning () in Northern Song dynasty and renamed Jiankang in Southern Song dynasty. Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during the Song dynasty despite the constant threat of foreign invasions from the north", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town. The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It was renamed Shengzhou () in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling () during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning () in Northern Song dynasty and renamed Jiankang in Southern Song dynasty. Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during the Song dynasty despite the constant threat of foreign invasions from the north", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "such as Hou Jing's rebellions during the Liang dynasty and the Sui dynasty invasion of the Chen dynasty resulted in Jiankang's destruction. During the Ming dynasty, Ming Taizu relocated southerners from below Yangzi and made Nanjing the capital. During the Taiping Rebellion, Taiping rebels seized Nanjing and made it the capital of the Taiping Kingdom. The fighting resulted in the loss of the population of Nanjing. These events all played in role in forming the Nanjing dialect of today. Immigrants from Northern China during the middle of the Song dynasty moved south, bringing a speech type from which Northern Wu", "title": "Lower Yangtze Mandarin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "south of Shangqiu). Around the 11th century BC, the Shang Dynasty was replaced by the Zhou Dynasty. The royal descendants of Shang Dynasty were enfeoffed the area of Shangqiu, which later became the state of Song. The city was the southern capital of the Northern Song dynasty under the name Nanjing. Shangqiu was the first in a series of temporary capitals that the Song Dynasty government moved to during their retreat from the north, when most of northern China had been conquered by the Jurchens in the Jin–Song wars. The Song court had retreated south to the city from their", "title": "Shangqiu" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Tang, the Later Jin ceded the entire northern frontier to the Khitan Liao dynasty, which treated the city as Nanjing, or the \"Southern Capital\", one of four secondary capitals to complement its \"Supreme Capital\", Shangjing (modern Baarin Left Banner in Inner Mongolia). Some of the oldest surviving structures in Beijing date to the Liao period, including the Tianning Pagoda. The Liao fell to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1122, which gave the city to the Song dynasty and then retook it in 1125 during its conquest of northern China. In 1153, the Jurchen Jin made Beijing their \"Central Capital\",", "title": "Beijing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "surrounding region grew from 100,000 to 583,000) as large numbers of Khitan, Xi, Shiwei and Balhae from the north and Han from the south migrated to the city. After unifying the rest of China in 960, the Song dynasty sought to recapture the lost northern territories. In 979, the Song emperor Taizong personally led a military expedition that reached and laid siege to Nanjing (Youzhou) but was defeated in the decisive Battle of Gaoliang River, north of the city. In 1004, the Song and Liao signed the Treaty of Chanyuan, and remained at peace for more than a century. In", "title": "Nanjing (Liao dynasty)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Order and was active during the Battle of Waterloo and during military campaigns in the Dutch East Indies. When Couperus was three years old he and his brothers Henry (5 years old) and Piet (4 years old) were sent to the Netherlands, accompanied by friends of their parents (October 20, 1819). In the Netherlands Couperus was placed under guardianship of a merchant in Amsterdam, called I.W. Bagman, who placed Couperus at the home of C.G. Merkus, a preacher of the Walloon church in Dordrecht. Later this family moved to Amsterdam. In 1826 Couperus was sent to a boarding school in", "title": "John Ricus Couperus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2015 season, finishing third overall in the Trans Am TA2 championship. Joe Stevens in the No. 11 \"Green Car\" finished sixth overall after a fourth place at the season finale at Daytona International Speedway. Joe Stevens also received the Cool Shirt Hard Charger award for his excellent rookie season performance. For the 2016 season, the Stevens-Miller Team fielded three Challengers in the TA2 series and ran in 16 events, scoring a few wins. The No. 77 car was painted in a throw-back paint scheme very similar to the 1970 No. 77 car driven by Sam Posey. The No. 12 car", "title": "Dodge Challenger" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "emigrated to France. Davis was warmly welcomed in Paris, partly due to the fame of the song \"Lover Man\", and was described by the influential French critic and writer Boris Vian in \"Jazz Hot\" as \"the youngest and most sympathetic of the American composers\". He began to style himself Jimmy \"Lover Man\" Davis and entered a highly creative period, writing a number of songs and placing them with major French performers, such as Yves Montand (\"J'ai de la veine\"), Maurice Chevalier (\"Trinque, trinque [À la tienne]\"), and Joséphine Baker (\"You're the Greatest Love\"). His songwriting royalties were still insufficient to", "title": "Jimmy Davis (songwriter)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the plot), along its length, the probability of a good match at each point along its length, became apparent. It could also be used to discover coincidences (‘parallels’), which would be used to find interrupted repetitions. The Polygraphic coincidence counter (Frequency analysis) (German:Saegebock, English:Sawbuck) was a machine for recording the frequency of polygraphs occurring in a message, or for recording the frequency of polygraphic coincidences between messages. It was particularly useful for periodic substitutions. Polygraph sizes includes decagraphs. It had a cost of ℛℳ1580 Reichsmarks, $1200 at 1945 conversion rate. The apparatus consisted of two teleprinters with paper tape photo-electric", "title": "Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with tourists. Iceland now has its own whale watching sector, which exists in uneasy tension with the whaling industry. Iceland did not object to the 1986 IWC moratorium. Between 1986 and 1989 around 60 animals per year were taken under a scientific permit. However, under strong pressure from anti-whaling countries, who viewed scientific whaling as a circumvention of the moratorium, Iceland ceased whaling in 1989. Following the IWC's 1991 refusal to accept its Scientific Committee's recommendation to allow sustainable commercial whaling, Iceland left the IWC in 1992. Iceland rejoined the IWC in 2002 with a reservation to the moratorium. Iceland", "title": "Whaling" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "city of the Empire, hosted a famous summer fair which attracted traders from across the Balkans and even further afield to its bustling market stalls. In Corinth, silk production fuelled a thriving economy. In Asia Minor, some areas had become depopulated due to Turkish raiding in the late eleventh century. Yet as the Komnenian emperors built up extensive fortifications in rural areas during the twelfth century, repopulation of the countryside took place. Overall, given that both population and prosperity increased substantially in this period, economic recovery in Byzantium appears to have been strengthening the economic basis of the state. This", "title": "Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is a frequently used phrase, which means the enclosed Nanjing City and the urban area around it. Another frequently used phrase, Nanjing Metropolitan Region (Nanjing Dushi Quan, 南京都市圈), includes Nanjing and surrounding cities and areas, with acreage over 60 thousand km and population over 30 million. In 2001, 60% urban people of Nanjing, i.e., 1.5 million people lived inside the Nanjing City, just a similar population size of Nanking (Jiankang) in Jin dynasty 1600 years ago. After rapid expanding in recent years, the urban area of Nanjing is more than 1000 km, near 20 times larger than the Nanjing City.", "title": "Walled city of Nanjing" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(). Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine. The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qingliang Temple (Nanjing) Qingliang Temple (), also known as Stone Cooling Bodhimaṇḍa (), literally means \"cooling temple\". The temple is located in Qingliangshan Park in the west of Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China. The temple was formerly known as the Xingjiao Temple () built by Xu Wen during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In the first year of the Southern Tang Dynasty (937), Li Jing (The 2nd ruler of Southern Tang) spent the summer at this place and modified the name of the temple to \"Stone Cooling Bodhimaṇḍa ()\". Later, Li Yu (The 3er ruler of Southern Tang) left an", "title": "Qingliang Temple (Nanjing)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The total administrative area of Nanjing is about 6600 km. Walled city of Nanjing The Nanjing City (南京城, Nanjing Cheng, literally Nanjing City), or translated as the Walled city of Nanjing, etc., refers to the historical core of Nanjing city enclosed in the Nanjing City Wall built in the early Ming dynasty. The area is about 55 square kilometers. Presently, parts of Qinhuai, Jianye, Gulou and Xuanwu districts of Nanjing are in the enclosed area. Around the City there are waters, rivers or lakes, along with the city wall. The present Nanjing City Wall was built in Ming dynasty. The", "title": "Walled city of Nanjing" } ]

[ "the Song dynasty" ]

[ "The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It renamed Shengzhou (昇州) in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (金陵) during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning (江寧) in Northern Song dynasty and renamed Jiankang in Southern Song dynasty. Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during the Song dynasty despite the constant threat of foreign invasions from the north by the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The court of Da Chu, a short-lived puppet state established by the Jurchens, and the court of Song were once in the city. Song was eventually exterminated by the Mongol empire under the name Yuan and in Yuan dynasty the city's status as a hub of the textile industry was further consolidated." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "PVA 13th Army Group" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border. This military decision made solely by China changed the attitude of the Soviet Union. Twelve days after Chinese troops entered the war, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and supported more aid to China. After inflicting heavy losses on the ROK II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, the first confrontation between Chinese and U.S. military occurred on 1 November 1950. Deep in North Korea, thousands of soldiers from", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the review system. Airbnb is criticized for its impact on housing affordability, sparking protests, and for its related data management. As of the beginning of 2018, several studies found that rental prices in many areas increased due to Airbnb, as landlords kept properties off the longer-term rental market and instead get higher rental rates for short-term housing via Airbnb. Landlords have been accused of illegally evicting tenants in order to convert properties into Airbnb listings. In San Francisco, the issue led to protests in November 2015. A study published in 2017 found that increasing Airbnb listings in a given neighborhood", "title": "Airbnb" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jodhpur Junction Bhildi, Ahmedabad Junction, Vadodara Junction to Dadar Western. It reverses direction twice during its run at Bhildi & Palanpur Junction. As the route is partly electrified, it is hauled from Bikaner Junction by an Abu Road based WDM 3A locomotive until Ahmedabad Junction handing over to a Vadodara based WAP 4 or WAP 5 locomotive which powers the train for the remainder of the journey. 12489 Bikaner Dadar Western Superfast Express leaves Bikaner Junction every Tuesday & Saturday at 13:50 hrs IST and reaches Dadar at 12:00 hrs IST the next day. 12490 Dadar Western] Bikaner Superfast Express", "title": "Bikaner Dadar Superfast Express" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "released, one for Sojin dancing to Beyoncé's \"Ego\", and the other for Keumjo singing a short a capella cover of \"Killing Me Softly with His Song\". The mini album was officially released on January 23 on most South Korean digital retailers, including Melon. It was made available worldwidely through iTunes. A physical version of the album was also released on January 28. The title track \"Drama\" had the first teaser for its music video released on January 17. A second teaser came out two days later, on January 19. The full music video was released on January 23, filled with", "title": "Drama (Nine Muses EP)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "that, too. Even today Pierce will pitch a whole ball game and almost never throw anything but fast balls. But only on certain days.\" Yankees star Joe DiMaggio was among those praising Pierce's ability, reportedly remarking, \"That little so-and-so is a marvel. So little – and all that speed. And I mean speed! He got me out of there on a fastball in the ninth that I'd have needed a telescope to see.\" Richards became Chicago's manager in 1951, and worked with Pierce to develop his two new pitches and slow down his pace, as well as significantly improve his", "title": "Billy Pierce" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rout\" ().\" Currently, the building is residential. On the ground floor there are shops. Soviet South building The building of the newspaper \"Soviet South\" () is a building in Rostov-on-Don which was built in 1911 in the Art Nouveau style. It is located on the intersection of Khalturinsky lane and Shaumyan street. The building has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional significance. The \"Soviet South\" building was built in 1911 as an revenue house commissioned by the merchant A. A. Levanidov, the nephew of the mayor of the city and the owner of the brick factory", "title": "Soviet South building" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nasdaq stock exchange. In October 2015, aTyr initiated a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial on Resolaris for patients with LGMD2B and the following month initiated a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial in patients with early onset FSHD. aTyr’s second IND candidate, ATYR 1923 (iMod.Fc), was selected in November 2015. ATYR 1923 is an engineered fusion protein. ATYR 1923 was developed for the potential treatment of severe pulmonary diseases with an immune and fibrotic component, including interstitial lung disease. Throughout 2016 and into the first half of 2017 aTyr released data on three Phase 1b/2 trials for Resolaris in adults with FSHD or", "title": "ATyr Pharma" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "carried over into other rounds, so resource management is important. The fourth phase is the \"Challenge\" phase. As with the \"Marshalling\" phase, each player has a turn to initiate challenges against other players. Generally, players may initiate one each of \"Military\", \"Intrigue\", and \"Power\" challenges each round, but several cards can allow exta challenges to be initiated or deny certain challenges at all. Also, in a multiplayer game, he can either use all his challenges on one opponent or divide them among his adversaries. He doesn't have to use all of them. Challenges can be initiated in any order, and", "title": "A Game of Thrones (card game)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the southern base was held by the 7th Infantry Division. The first phase of the operation began at the end of the first week in August; the initial attack was a failure and was called off within 48 hours. Nevertheless, the Soviet offensive operations continued up till 20 August and then resumed on August 30, in concert with operations by the Western Front and the Bryansk Front under General Andrey Yeryomenko. The intent of the 30 August offensive was to assault the bases of the salient, with the 102nd Tank Division and the 303rd Rifle Division forming the outer front", "title": "Yelnya Offensive" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "July it was transferred from the reserve to the operational army and at the beginning of August was assigned to Western Front to participate in an offensive to retake Smolensk (Operation Suvorov). At that time the army, under the command of Lieutenant-General Nikolai Krylov (chief of staff - Major-General Pavel Tikhomirov), included eight rifle divisions. The first phase of Operation Suvorov began on 7 August (without 21st Army's initial participation) but made little progress. Spas Demensk was taken on 13 August but thereafter the offensive began to stall. Changing the axis of the offensive from southwest towards Roslavl to a", "title": "21st Army (Soviet Union)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the warning. As the UN forces raced to the Yalu River after taking Pyongyang, the Chinese launched their first offensive of the war. Undeterred, the UN Command under Douglas MacArthur initiated the \"Home-By-Christmas\" offensive aimed at permanently evicting the Chinese from Korea. In response, the Chinese command soon launched a full-scale counteroffensive that drove them out of North Korea at the end of the year 1950, carrying the war back south of the 38th Parallel, with Seoul falling for the second time at the hands of the Communists. Reeling from these defeats, the UN Command sought to commence ceasefire negotiations", "title": "Chinese Spring Offensive" } ]

[ "PVA 13th Army Group" ]

[ "After secretly crossing the Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border. This military decision made solely by China changed the attitude of the Soviet Union. Twelve days after Chinese troops entered the war, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and supported more aid to China. After decimating the ROK II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, the first confrontation between Chinese and U.S. military occurred on 1 November 1950; deep in North Korea, thousands of soldiers from the PVA 39th Army encircled and attacked the U.S. 8th Cavalry Regiment with three-prong assaults—from the north, northwest, and west—and overran the defensive position flanks in the Battle of Unsan. The surprise assault resulted in the UN forces retreating back to the Ch'ongch'on River, while the Chinese unexpectedly disappeared into mountain hideouts following victory. It is unclear why the Chinese did not press the attack and follow up their victory." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "failure before it began" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "morale of the British population. The \"Luftwaffe\"s strategy became increasingly aimless over the winter of 1940–1941. Disputes among \"OKL\" staff revolved more around tactics than strategy. This method condemned the offensive over Britain to failure before it began. In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel in all industrial economies of the Second World War, would net a positive result. However, the use of", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "morale of the British population. The \"Luftwaffe\"s strategy became increasingly aimless over the winter of 1940–1941. Disputes among \"OKL\" staff revolved more around tactics than strategy. This method condemned the offensive over Britain to failure before it began. In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel in all industrial economies of the Second World War, would net a positive result. However, the use of", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "emigrated there with her family in 1825 and they prospered as farmers. At the age of 19 she became a deacon in Martin's Meeting House, a local Mennonite church. Weber was noted for her strangeness and rebellious nature by those who knew her. As a young person, she learned the traditional art of needlework and produced decorative embroidered samplers and show towels. She also produced stuffed animals and hooked mats. She was likely introduced to Fraktur at an early age. In the early 19th century, Fraktur art was commonly found in many areas of Pennsylvania. Several pieces have been retained", "title": "Anna Weber" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "models for the following series: the \"Life of Caesar Augustus\", the \"History of Mark Antony and Cleopatra\" and the \"History of Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra\". The themes of these series show the contemporary interest in depictions of famous women from history. In his tapestry designs van Egmont showed a preference for large vertical flamboyance. His figures are drawn with very lively lines which occasionally disrupt the integrity of the overall composition. He also often used pseudo-exotic costumes and settings. All elements of his designs appear to be moving and are bathed in sparkling colour and light. His designs were executed", "title": "Justus van Egmont" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to intercept Yuan's army. Li Siyuan first attacked Wu Prefecture (武州, in modern Zhangjiakou, Hebei), and its prefect Gao Xinggui (高行珪) surrendered. Yuan then attacked Wu Prefecture, and when Li Siyuan came to its aid, Yuan tried to withdraw, but Li Siyuan subsequently engaged him eight times and forced him into surrendering. Li Siyuan took Yuan as an adoptive son and kept Yuan under his command. (Gao Xinggui's brother Gao Xingzhou, whom Gao Xinggui sent to seek aid from Li Siyuan, also joined Li Siyuan's army and subsequently often commanded Li Siyuan's guards along with Li Siyuan's adoptive son Li", "title": "Li Siyuan" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uriel decides to abandon her and little Katia. Sofia and Julio meet and great passion arises between them, to the extent that Julio is determined to face anything, including ending his relationship with Elisa. To make that Julio will come back with her, Elisa convinces her father, Bernal to fire Sofia since he's her boss at the Prisma company unless she brakes up with Julio. Sofia accepts but Cesar helps her by finding her a job at the Lombardo company. Cesar's youngest children are twins: Narda and Claudio who're despised by their parents, the first because she's capricious and stubborn", "title": "Imperio de cristal" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American boy bands Boyz II Men, 'N Sync and the Backstreet Boys but also other influential artists such as Michael Jackson and Beyoncé. Zac Taylor born in 1993 is from Whakatane, New Zealand. Prior to his audition for band competition, he was studying performing arts and competed in the singing competition \"The Voice Of McDonalds's\" held in Singapore and later traveled to Orlando, Florida to sing at the VOM finals in early 2012. He is now under New Zealands FIVE AM label, and currently managed by Cam Noble. Shaquille (youngest of the band) was born in 1993 is from gisborne", "title": "Titanium (band)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He left the club in 1925, playing for South Canterbury against Canterbury B. He was then selected on the controversial 1926-1927 New Zealand tour of Great Britain. The tour involved several skirmishes within the Kiwi party. Problems began on the boat journey over, with disputes developing about aspects of the trip and a rift developed between tour manager and coach, Australian Ernest Mair, and seven forwards, including Devine. The disputes continued once the party arrived in Britain. In mid-November, following further disturbances which almost led to the tour party being evicted from their Harrogate hotel, it was decided that coach", "title": "Bill Devine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "analysis of which the \"Luftwaffe\" was incapable. \"OKL\" instead sought clusters of targets that suited the latest policy (which changed frequently), and disputes within the leadership were about tactics rather than strategy. Though militarily ineffective, the Blitz cost around 41,000 lives, may have injured another 139,000 people, and did enormous damage to British infrastructure and housing stock. The British began to assess the impact of the Blitz in August 1941 and the RAF Air Staff used the German experience to improve Bomber Command's offensives. They concluded bombers should strike a single target each night and use more incendiaries, because they", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "America and to dry fish on certain coasts. After the War of 1812, the Convention of 1818 between the United States and Britain specified exactly what liberties were involved. Canadian and Newfoundland fishermen contested these liberties in the 1830s and 1840s. The Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty of 1854, and the Treaty of Washington of 1871 spelled-out the liberties in more detail. However the Treaty of Washington expired in 1885, and there was a continuous round of disputes over jurisdictions and liberties. Britain and the United States sent the issue to the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague in 1909. It", "title": "Canada–United States relations" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "organized shops may cause the supply of jobs to dwindle below what an increased membership can absorb. Most disputes between unions are jurisdictional (territorial). Union jurisdiction is based on geographic scope, craft, industry, historical claim, and compromise. Unions have overlapping jurisdictions. Critics within the labor movement have blamed the movement itself for the fractious effects of union-on-union competition and perceived issues of raiding. Expansionism and the scramble for members in organizing programs bring to light these border issues. Opponents of organizing, mainly in management and business, argue that unionization divides employees against their employer and results in increased costs. Such", "title": "Union organizer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Argentine sovereignty over its rivers. Buenos Aires faced the French blockade of the Río de la Plata between 1838 and 1840. The Peru–Bolivian Confederation, allied with France, declared the War of the Confederation to Argentina and Chile. Rosas resisted the blockade longer than France estimated he would do, and his strategy of generating disputes between France and England over the blockade eventually gave fruit. France lifted the blockade in 1840, exchanging mutual most favoured nation status between her and the Argentine Confederation. Unable to deploy French troops during the blockade, France promoted civil wars against Rosas to support the naval", "title": "Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata" } ]

[ "failure before it began" ]

[ "Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's industries. Moreover, OKL could not settle on an appropriate strategy. German planners had to decide whether the Luftwaffe should deliver the weight of its attacks against a specific segment of British industry such as aircraft factories, or against a system of interrelated industries such as Britain's import and distribution network, or even in a blow aimed at breaking the morale of the British population. The Luftwaffe's strategy became increasingly aimless over the winter of 1940–1941. Disputes among the OKL staff revolved more around tactics than strategy. This method condemned the offensive over Britain to failure before it began." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "1596" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of Plymouth Dockyard. In 1512 an Act of Parliament was passed for further fortifying Plymouth. A series of fortifications were built, including defensive walls at the entrance to Sutton Pool (across which a chain would be extended in time of danger). Defences on St Nicholas Island also date from this time, and a string of six artillery blockhouses were built, including one on Fishers Nose at the south-eastern corner of the Hoe. This location was further strengthened by the building of a fort (later known as Drake's Fort) in 1596; it was the site of the Citadel, established in the", "title": "Plymouth" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "du Nord et de l'Est de la France (SANEF) and is a toll road. From Cambrai onward it is a non-toll autoroute managed by the government of the Nord départment. Two lanes travel in each direction. The A2 was opened in 2 stages in 1972. The first stage from junction 15 to the Belgian border opened on the 28th of March. The remainder, from Junction 15 to the interchange with the A1 opened on the 19th of December 1972. A2 autoroute The A2 Autoroute is a French autoroute that travels 76 km from the A1 near the commune of Combles", "title": "A2 autoroute" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a following of their own. During the early 1970s, the \"Top of the Pops\" series enjoyed considerable success and buoyant sales. Budget albums were accepted into the main UK album charts for a few months in 1971, during which four \"Top of the Pops\" LPs charted, and two made No. 1. However, they were disqualified in early 1972 since their budget selling price was perceived as giving them an unfair advantage in the market. The albums continued to be released at regular intervals throughout the 1970s, with the general theme and cover art largely unchanged throughout. The cover designs featured", "title": "Top of the Pops (record series)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a higher probability of nuclear accidents. Instead of being decommissioned, they are still being used. The disposal of nuclear waste is also an issue, due to a lack of funding. Unsafe dumping methods are sometimes used to get rid of nuclear waste, which was dumped into the Sea of Japan until 1993. The Commission of Ecological Security, founded in 1994, helped bring the dumping of nuclear waste into the ocean to the public's attention. It is estimated that bringing nuclear safety levels to official standards would cost $26 billion. The testing and production of nuclear weapons also affected the environment,", "title": "Environmental issues in Russia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the top of the drivers' standings with SEAT Sport teammate Rickard Rydell. Félix Porteiro had established a 23 point lead over Tom Coronel in the Yokohama Independents' Trophy. This was the first FIA World Championship race to be held in Morocco since the 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix. The WTCC saw its first North African driver participate in an event when Mehdi Bennani joined the grid in an Exagon Engineering run SEAT León 2.0 TFSI. Other changes were made to Scuderia Proteam Motorsport expanded to three cars for Morocco to run a BMW 320si for Vito Postiglione, and Tom Boardman requested", "title": "2009 FIA WTCC Race of Morocco" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with PSA Peugeot Citroen. In 2018 EDF had plans to invest up to €25 billion in photovoltaics solar power generation, and introduce green electricity tariffs. As of 2017, EDF still held the business of 85.5% of France’s residential customers, though on a slow downward trend. Apart from the producers and foreign distributors, in France, there are some important companies, which, although their market share is weak with regard to that of EDF, are a significant competition. These are: Among the other rivals of EDF, one can count a number of municipally governed companies, known under the generic term 'entreprises locales", "title": "Électricité de France" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James's Fort James Fort () is an early 17th-century pentagonal fort located on Castlepark peninsula in Kinsale harbour. Situated downstream from Kinsale on the River Bandon, the fort was built to defend the harbour and seaborne approaches of the town. Following the construction of Charles Fort on the opposite side of the harbour in the late 17th century, James Fort became known as the \"old fort\" (). Listed as a protected National Monument, and managed by the Office of Public Works, the fort is open to visitors. Before James fort was constructed, an earlier medieval fortification existed on the site.", "title": "James's Fort" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "constructed following a 1693 order from Governor Francis Nicholson and his Council. The property was acquired in 1965 by the Baltimore County Department of Recreation and Parks. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. Fort Garrison Fort Garrison, also known as Oulton's Garrison, Risteau's Garrison, and Olton's Garrison, is a historic fortification building located at Stevenson, Baltimore County, Maryland on Garrison Farms Court. It is a rectangular fieldstone building built about 1695. The fort was built to serve as a stronghold against attacks by Native Americans and was used during the French and Indian War.", "title": "Fort Garrison" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "system vulnerable; in 1758, British-American troops attacked Fort Frontenac (present-day Kingston), burning the fort as well as the French fleet. This action disrupted trading and left Montreal vulnerable creating a need for new ships and a new fort. Plans were drawn that year for a new shipyard and fortification to be located at Pointe au Baril. Located on a point, Pointe au Baril was an optimal location for both a shipyard and a fort; This location was close to the enemy’s fort near present-day Ogdensburg and had excellent timber in abundance. The shipyard was constructed by 1759 along with a", "title": "Maitland, Ontario" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "into a gunpowder fortification. Fort St Angelo withstood the Turks during the Great Siege of Malta, during which it succeeded in tearing apart a sea attack by the Turks on Senglea on 15 August 1565. In the aftermath of that siege, the Knights built the fortified city of Valletta on Mount Sciberras on the other side of the Grand Harbour, and the administrative centre for the knights moved there. In 1644, Giovanni de’ Medici proposed a new fort be constructed on Orsi Point (the site where Fort Ricasoli was later built), and the name and garrison of Fort St. Angelo", "title": "Fort St. Angelo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "until the end of the Civil War. The school appears to be one of two that were established at Fort Columbus and Newport Barracks, Kentucky in the later 1830s. Both posts were the eastern and western recruiting centers for the U.S. Army infantry. Little more is known about the school at Newport Barracks. The school was housed in a former fortification and battery called South Battery which was constructed prior to the War of 1812. From about 1836 to about 1878, musicians at the school, typically teenaged boys, orphaned or with few occupational prospects, lived in small rooms with double", "title": "School of Practice" } ]

[ "1596" ]

[ "During the Hundred Years' War a French attack (1340) burned a manor house and took some prisoners, but failed to get into the town. In 1403 the town was burned by Breton raiders. In the late fifteenth century a 'castle quadrate' was constructed close to the area now known as The Barbican; it included four round towers, one at each corner, as featured on the city coat of arms. The castle served to protect Sutton Pool, which is where the fleet was based in Plymouth prior to the establishment of Plymouth Dockyard. In 1512 an Act of Parliament was passed for further fortifying Plymouth, and a series of fortifications were then built, including defensive walls at the entrance to Sutton Pool (across which a chain would be extended in time of danger). Defences on St Nicholas Island also date from this time, and a string of six artillery blockhouses were built, including one on Fishers Nose at the south-eastern corner of the Hoe. This location was further strengthened by the building of a fort (later known as Drake's Fort) in 1596, which itself went on to provide the site for the Citadel, established in the 1660s (see below)." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Christ and Mary" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "empire could not afford luxurious mosaics. Churches were decorated with wall-paintings in this era and after the Turkish conquest. The last great period of Roman mosaic art was the 12th–13th century when Rome developed its own distinctive artistic style, free from the strict rules of eastern tradition and with a more realistic portrayal of figures in the space. Well-known works of this period are the floral mosaics of the Basilica di San Clemente, the façade of Santa Maria in Trastevere and San Paolo fuori le Mura. The beautiful apse mosaic of Santa Maria in Trastevere (1140) depicts Christ and Mary", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "his new status at the launch of Expo Terengganu 2018 on Monday (February 26). He is married with local Terengganu lass. Daniel Tyler was born in Bristol, England on 18 October 1989 as a second child from three siblings. His younger brother is Will Tyler. He is a son of Kevin, a businessman and Nicol Tyler, an administrator. In 2009, he went on a trip to Thailand and Laos with a friend after completing his A-level. At that time, his friend had suggested that he visit the Perhentian Island. When he got there, he learned about Kapas Island. 10 days", "title": "Mat Dan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "bank drew up a comprehensive recovery plan for the Pakistani government. The plan included restoring housing, water supplies and infrastructure to their pre-storm state. It was designed to combine with a much larger ongoing flood-control and development program. The Bank provided $25 million of credit to help rebuild the East Pakistan economy and to construct protective shelters in the region. This was the first time that the IDA had provided credit for reconstruction. By the start of December, nearly $40 million had been raised for the relief efforts by the governments of 41 countries, organisations and private groups. In 1971,", "title": "1970 Bhola cyclone" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "dental plaque. Disclosing tablets are similar to that of disclosing gels, except that they are placed in the mouth and chewed on for approximately one minute. The remaining tablet or saliva is then spit out. Disclosing gels will show the presence of the plaque, but will often not show the level of maturity of the plaque. Disclosing tablets are often prescribed or given to patients with orthodontic appliances for use before and after tooth brushing to ensure optimal cleaning. These are also helpful educational tools for young children or patients that are struggling to remove dental plaque in certain areas.", "title": "Dental plaque" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "self-managing, adaptable, cynical, pragmatic, skeptical of authority, and as seeking a work life balance. In a 2007 article published in the Harvard Business Review, demographers Strauss & Howe wrote of Generation X; \"They are already the greatest entrepreneurial generation in U.S. history; their high-tech savvy and marketplace resilience have helped America prosper in the era of globalization.\" In the 2008 book, \"X Saves the World: How Generation X Got the Shaft but Can Still Keep Everything from Sucking\", author Jeff Gordinier describes Generation X as a \"dark horse demographic\" which \"doesn't seek the limelight\". Gordiner cited examples of Gen Xers'", "title": "Generation X" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kurma Venu Gopalaswamy Professor K. V. Gopalaswamy (or Kurma Venu Gopalaswamy) (Telugu: కూర్మా వేణు గోపాలస్వామి) (1903–1983) was an Advocate, Playwright and Administrator in India. He was first Professor of Law in Andhra University and the first Honorary Professor of Theatre Arts and Chairman of the Faculty of Arts. He was born on the 19 December 1903. He was the son of Sir Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu, the former Governor of Madras Presidency. He has one sister. He did Bar-at-Law. He was educated at the Oxford Balliol College where he did his Masters. He was later called to the Bar of", "title": "Kurma Venu Gopalaswamy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santa Maria del Campo, Mortara Santa Maria del Campo is a Gothic architecture, Roman Catholic church located about 2 kilometers west of Mortara, Province of Pavia, region of Lombardy, Italy. This Church stands at the end of a little square of the cluster of buildings on the road to Novara. A church at the site has been documented since 1145: traces of it remain. The facade shows has a layout of Lombard-Gothic churches of the age. The frescoed internal niches serve as chapels. One 15th-century fresco depicts the \"Madonna of the Rosary with Saints Roch and Dominic\". Many of the", "title": "Santa Maria del Campo, Mortara" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the church began in 1990. Santa Maria in Campagna, Torre Pallavicina Santa Maria in Campagna is a renaissance-style, Roman Catholic parish church located in the town of Torre Pallavicina, province of Bergamo, region of Lombardy, Italy. A church at the site was founded in 1478, when a Beatrice d’Este (illegitimate daughter of Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara), moved here after the death of her husband, Tristano Sforza, moved to this town with her daughter Elisabetta Caterina. In the 1500s, the Servite order reconstructed the church, completed in 1590, as recalled by an inscription on the facade, stating: \"QUI", "title": "Santa Maria in Campagna, Torre Pallavicina" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Redi. The monastic order was suppressed by the Napoleonic occupation, and the adjacent monastery became successively an orphanage, an asylum, and finally a lyceum for training policemen. The Renaissance frescoes detached from the refectory depict a \"Last Supper\", \"Annunciation\", and \"Adoration of the Bambino\", formerly attributed to Franciabigio, but which some now attribute to Giovanni Antonio Sogliani. Santa Maria dei Candeli Santa Maria dei Candeli is a former Roman Catholic church situated in the Borgo Pinti in central Florence, Region of Tuscany, Italy. Initially founded in 13–14th centuries as a convent; the present structure was enlarged starting 1558, with a", "title": "Santa Maria dei Candeli" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valentine and Boniface\" both by Francesco Capella. The elaborate side altar (1762) was completed by Bartolomeo Manni the Younger, with stucco work by the brothers Muzio and Eugenio Camuzio. Santa Maria Assunta, Calcinate Santa Maria Assunta, also dedicated to \"San Vittore\", is a baroque-style, Roman Catholic parish church located in the town of Calcinate, province of Bergamo, region of Lombardy, Italy. The church was designed by Filippo Juvarra and with a convex marble facade by Anton Maria Pirovano. The skyline of the facade and bell-tower is populated by an ebullient crowd of statues. Among the artworks in the church is", "title": "Santa Maria Assunta, Calcinate" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "high altar was completed Cortonese artist Bernardino Radi. The altarpiece to the right of the entrance holds an altarpiece by Alessandro Allori, depicting the \"Birth of the Virgin Mary\" (16th century). The Rosette window on the facade was designed by Urbano Urbani (16th century) and depicts an \"Adoration of the Magi\". Santa Maria Nuova, Cortona The church of Santa Maria Nuova is located just outside the walls of the town of Cortona, in Tuscany, Italy. The church was built to house a miraculous image of the Blessed Virgin that previously had been in a private chapel. Construction was begun in", "title": "Santa Maria Nuova, Cortona" } ]

[ "Christ and Mary" ]

[ "The last great period of Roman mosaic art was the 12th–13th century when Rome developed its own distinctive artistic style, free from the strict rules of eastern tradition and with a more realistic portrayal of figures in the space. Well-known works of this period are the floral mosaics of the Basilica di San Clemente, the façade of Santa Maria in Trastevere and San Paolo fuori le Mura. The beautiful apse mosaic of Santa Maria in Trastevere (1140) depicts Christ and Mary sitting next to each other on the heavenly throne, the first example of this iconographic scheme. A similar mosaic, the Coronation of the Virgin, decorates the apse of Santa Maria Maggiore. It is a work of Jacopo Torriti from 1295. The mosaics of Torriti and Jacopo da Camerino in the apse of San Giovanni in Laterano from 1288–94 were thoroughly restored in 1884. The apse mosaic of San Crisogono is attributed to Pietro Cavallini, the greatest Roman painter of the 13th century. Six scenes from the life of Mary in Santa Maria in Trastevere were also executed by Cavallini in 1290. These mosaics are praised for their realistic portrayal and attempts of perspective. There is an interesting mosaic medaillon from 1210 above the gate of the church of San Tommaso in Formis showing Christ enthroned between a white and a black slave. The church belonged to the Order of the Trinitarians which was devoted to ransoming Christian slaves." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "democratically in hunting for all" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they \"hunt the King's deer\". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all. In Medieval Europe, hunting was considered by Johannes Scotus Eriugena to be part of the set of \"seven mechanical arts\". Although various other animals have been used to aid the hunter, such as ferrets, the dog has assumed many very important uses to the hunter. The domestication of", "title": "Hunting" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they \"hunt the King's deer\". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all. In Medieval Europe, hunting was considered by Johannes Scotus Eriugena to be part of the set of \"seven mechanical arts\". Although various other animals have been used to aid the hunter, such as ferrets, the dog has assumed many very important uses to the hunter. The domestication of", "title": "Hunting" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oxford Junction, Iowa Oxford Junction is a city in Jones County, Iowa, United States. The population was 496 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area. Oxford Junction was platted in 1872, at the time the railroad was built. It is named for its location at the junction of two railroad lines. Oxford Junction is located at (41.983203, -90.954480). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 496 people, 223 households, and 141 families residing", "title": "Oxford Junction, Iowa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of just 13,118 men, approximately 4,000 fewer than a standard division. The bulk of the reduction occurred among the administrative, transport and artillery units. The conditions that prevailed in the South West Pacific Area led the Australian Army to initially convert five infantry divisions to Jungle divisions, although this was later increased to six. Divisions converted to the jungle organisation included three Militia divisions: the 3rd, 5th and 11th and the three Australian Imperial Force (AIF) divisions: the 6th, 7th, 9th. Despite some modifications, this re-organisation proved successful during later Australian operations in New Guinea, New Britain, Bougainville, Aitape-Wewak and", "title": "Jungle division" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Unilever plc. Over the past 21 years Farjo has performed over 6500 transplant procedures and given over 25,000 consultations. He is considered to be an expert in the field of hair transplant surgery and hair restoration medicine, and is regularly quoted in the media. Farjo has over 70 different hair and scalp presentations/publications to his name, and has attended more than 70 workshops, meetings and conferences worldwide. Both Bessam and Nilofer Farjo are recognised by their peers as the only British hair transplant surgeons to make regular, educational contributions at international congresses and meetings. In recognition for his involvement", "title": "Bessam Farjo" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Taylor made 105 known first-class appearances from 1775 to 1798. Taylor was another cricketing innkeeper. He had the \"Globe Inn\" at Alresford. Thomas Taylor (cricketer) Thomas (Tom) Taylor (18 October 1753 at Ropley, Hampshire – April 1806 at Alresford, Hampshire) was a famous English cricketer who played for the Hambledon Club. He is generally regarded as one of the most outstanding players of the 18th century. A famous all-rounder, he made his debut in 1775 and played till 1798. He played mainly for Hampshire but also made a number of appearances for Berkshire at a time when the county", "title": "Thomas Taylor (cricketer)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). George Drumm George Drumm (1874 – December 16, 1959) was a German-American composer, musician, and conductor known for composing \"Hail, America\", reportedly a favorite march of Dwight Eisenhower, which has been regularly performed at official United States government ceremonies since the 1950s. Born in Erdesbach, Germany, Drumm learned violin at an early age and, by 14, had become a noted solo virtuoso. In about 1898 he married his wife, Caroline, and later moved to Ireland, working at the Empire Theater in Dublin and taking the role of musical director at Dublin", "title": "George Drumm" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "credits for the album. The label side of the CD features a replica of what the original Island label looked like at the time of issue and even features \"grooves\" as if the black CD is made of vinyl. It was strictly limited to 3,000 copies worldwide. The reissues did not have any additional outtakes or bonus tracks. All songs written and composed by Robert Palmer, except where noted. Pride (Robert Palmer album) Pride is the seventh solo studio album by the British singer Robert Palmer. It was originally released in March 1983. The album peaked at No. 37 in", "title": "Pride (Robert Palmer album)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "settles at 100 points or $10; otherwise, the contract settles at 0 or $0 in value. Profits and losses are calculated by tabulating the differences between where contracts are purchased against where they are either sold (at any price set by the open market between 0 and 100) or what price they finally expire at (0 or 100) when the event itself is concluded. Utilizing this contract structure, the current price of a contract can be imputed as \"the market's\" global opinion of the probability that the specified event will occur. Because events take place over a well-defined time span", "title": "Intrade" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "this passage take on a much more impactful meaning: “But full of great pittie, that so faire a mould Did on so weake a foundation ever sit…” As aptly stated by Blythe, “at this point, Redcross too is only a “fair mould” on “weak foundations” who is, “externally fair to the eye of the world, but inwardly he is becoming increasingly foul…” Overall, we come to see Redcrosse and his embrace of Pride, as a welcoming to un-Christian values, which subsequently cause him to stray from the righteous path, and ultimately result in his estrangement from God. House of Pride", "title": "House of Pride (Faerie Queene)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "while she loves Marc. Marc gets kidnapped and Faythe does everything she can to find him. She discovers that Calvin Malone is acting dishonorably against her Pride and trying to take over the Territorial Council, once run by her father, Greg Sanders. Faythe realizes that in order to restore power in the right places she needs to show the Territorial Council what kind of man Calvin Malone is. Faythe and the rest of her Pride are seeking revenge for the murder of her brother Ethan. Ethan's girlfriend Angela informed Faythe that she is pregnant with Ethan's baby, but Faythe is", "title": "Rachel Vincent" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada's leading expert in child welfare and gloried in the title the \"children's friend.\" Fame found him but it was not of his seeking. During the years preceding his acceptance of that post, and the 41 years he served in it, he did more to change the lot of children, not only in Canada but also in the United States and Britain, than any other person in Canadian history. A persuasive speaker and a convincing writer, J.J.'s perception, ideas and energies worked on behalf of children – from fresh air outings to protection from adult laws. J.J.'s ideas about protecting,", "title": "J. J. Kelso" } ]

[ "democratically in hunting for all" ]

[ "In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they \"hunt the King's deer\". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "West Germany" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a committee until Alf Ramsey took over in 1963. The 1966 FIFA World Cup was hosted in England and Ramsey guided England to victory with a 4–2 win against West Germany after extra time in the final, during which Geoff Hurst famously scored a hat-trick. In UEFA Euro 1968, the team reached the semi-finals for the first time, being eliminated by Yugoslavia. England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany. England had been 2–0 up, but were eventually beaten 3–2 after extra time.", "title": "England national football team" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a committee until Alf Ramsey took over in 1963. The 1966 FIFA World Cup was hosted in England and Ramsey guided England to victory with a 4–2 win against West Germany after extra time in the final, during which Geoff Hurst famously scored a hat-trick. In UEFA Euro 1968, the team reached the semi-finals for the first time, being eliminated by Yugoslavia. England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany. England had been 2–0 up, but were eventually beaten 3–2 after extra time.", "title": "England national football team" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Netherlands at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Netherlands at the FIFA World Cup. Netherlands has appeared in 10 World Cups as of 2014. After appearing in two consecutive World Cup finals in 1974 and 1978, the team had its biggest World Cup streak in the 1990s, with three straight tournaments. In 1990, two years after the European Championship at the UEFA Euro 1988, the Dutch went out at the Round of 16 in a defeat to West Germany. In 1994, Netherlands was eliminated by Brazil in the quarterfinals, and in 1998, lost to Brazil in the", "title": "Netherlands at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to England and the Republic of Ireland. They qualified for the first time in 1986, where they won all three of their Group Stage matches including a 2-0 against title contenders West Germany, but were eliminated by Spain in the next round. Since then, the Danish national team has regularly qualified for FIFA World Cup Finals and have made their fifth appearance in Russia 2018. Their best performance was in 1998, where they reached the quarter finals. Awards Records Denmark at the FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup,", "title": "Denmark at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "many of its best players due to club commitments, lost a decisive qualifier against Italy in Naples for the 1966 tournament. A narrow defeat by West Germany in Hamburg then ended hopes of qualifying for 1970. Willie Ormond was appointed Scotland manager in 1973. Ormond lost his first match in charge 5–0 to England, but recovered to steer Scotland to their first World Cup finals in 16 years in 1974. At the 1974 World Cup finals in West Germany, Scotland achieved their most impressive performance at a World Cup tournament. The team was unbeaten but failed to progress beyond the", "title": "Scotland at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "qualify for the 1978 FIFA World Cup, as Scotland won their group. The country did qualify for Euro 1980, and by coming second in its group behind West Germany faced the hosts Italy in a third-place play-off, which it won on sudden-death penalties at the Stadio San Paolo in Naples. At the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain, Czechoslovakia was eliminated in the group stage after draws with Kuwait and France and losing 2–0 to England. The country's last ever major tournament was the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy, where in the group it opened with a 5–1 win", "title": "Czechoslovakia national football team" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "win gave France their first World Cup title, becoming the sixth national team after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina to win the tournament on their home soil. They also inflicted the second-heaviest World Cup defeat on Brazil, later to be topped by Brazil's 7–1 defeat by Germany in the semi-finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The pre-match build up was dominated by the omission of Brazilian striker Ronaldo from the starting lineup only to be reinstated 45 minutes before kick-off. He managed to create the first open chance for Brazil in the 22nd minute, dribbling past defender", "title": "1998 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "FIFA World Cup, the 1958 FIFA World Cup and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Their best ever performance is winning the Cup in the 1966 tournament held in England, whilst they also finished in fourth place in 1990, in Italy, and in 2018 in Russia. Other than that, the team have reached the quarter-finals on nine occasions, the latest of which were at the 2002 (South Korea/Japan) and the 2006 (Germany). England are the only team not representing a sovereign state to win the World Cup, which they did in 1966 when they hosted the finals. They defeated West Germany", "title": "England at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "generally performed well under Brown, but were drawn with West Germany in 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification. Scotland needed to avoid defeat in Hamburg to keep their qualification hopes alive, but lost 3–2. Tommy Docherty was appointed manager in 1971 and had a brief, but successful, time in charge. Docherty lost only three of his 12 matches as manager, but he left the job in late 1972 to become manager of Manchester United. Despite losing 5–0 to England in his first match in charge, Scotland qualified for the 1974 World Cup under the management of Willie Ormond. Scotland performed creditably", "title": "Scotland national football team manager" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a 4–1 win. The Soviet Union were also eliminated in their quarter-final when a Víctor Espárrago header three minutes from the end of extra-time sent Uruguay through. The Soviets believed that during the Uruguay attack a ball had crossed touchline and stopped playing while their opponents continued playing and scored. The all-South America tie in Guadalajara was the highest-scoring of the four quarter-finals as Brazil recorded a 4–2 triumph over Peru. A rematch of the previous World Cup final between England and West Germany took place in León, in which the reigning champions entered a two-goal lead. Franz Beckenbauer halved", "title": "1970 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "replaces a number with a cell reference. For instance, the formula codice_6 would produce the result of multiplying the value in cell C10 by the number 5. If C10 holds the value codice_7 the result will be codice_5. But C10 might also hold its own formula referring to other cells, and so on. The ability to chain formulas together is what gives a spreadsheet its power. Many problems can be broken down into a series of individual mathematical steps, and these can be assigned to individual formulas in cells. Some of these formulas can apply to ranges as well, like", "title": "Spreadsheet" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Fame's movie \"Beyond the Blackboard\". In December 2013, she got the role of Emma Alonso, the female lead, in the series \"Every Witch Way\", which started airing in January 2014. For this role she was nominated as Best Young Actress at the 29th Imagen Awards. Paola Andino Paola Nicole Andino (born March 22, 1998) is an American actress known for her lead role as Emma Alonso in the Nickelodeon series, \"Every Witch Way\". Andino was born in Bayamón, Puerto Rico, and moved to Dallas, Texas, at the age of three with her parents and brother. As a child, she", "title": "Paola Andino" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As promotion for the show, and, as Newman described, \"[to] expand interest in the show beyond its diehard fans\", Fox organized four \"Family Guy Live!\" performances, which featured cast members reading old episodes aloud. The cast also performed musical numbers from the \"\" comedy album. The stage shows were an extension of a performance by the cast during the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival. The \"Family Guy Live!\" performances, which took place in Los Angeles and New York, sold out and were attended by around 1,200 people each. In 2007, at the 59th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards, MacFarlane performed (as the", "title": "Family Guy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WISC, which is the children's version of the WAIS III. He stated that greater male performance on items such as Picture Arrangement, Object Assembly, Picture Completion and Block Design is because these tests measure visual-spatial abilities in which males typically perform better than females. Aside from traditional IQ tests like Raven's and WAIS, researchers have also used other tests that tap more into the Cattell-Horn-Caroll theory of intelligence in relation to gender. For example, a 2008 study by researcher Timothy Z. Keith on 25 subtests of Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, along with a sample of 6,818 adults and children", "title": "Sex differences in intelligence" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cape May County, New Jersey. Various sources attribute the Kechemeche with being the first to find Cape May diamonds and then using them as gifts or for trading with other tribes and with the newly arriving European colonists. Cape May diamonds Cape May diamonds (sometimes capitalized \"Diamonds\") are quartz pebbles found on the beaches of Cape May Point, New Jersey. The pebbles are sometimes collected, cut and polished to resemble diamonds, then sold locally as souvenirs. Cape May diamonds are usually collected by beach combing and are most abundant at Higbee (sometimes, Higby's) and Sunset beaches in Cape May. Cape", "title": "Cape May diamonds" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Germany. Yorke and Latapy (survivors of the qualifying campaign of 1989) were part of that Trinidadian team, which in that World Cup draw against Sweden 0–0 and lost against England 2–0 and Paraguay 2–0, being eliminated in the first round. Shot heard round the world (soccer) The 'Shot heard round the world' is a term used in reference to one of the most historic goals in American soccer history, which allowed the national team to make it to the 1990 FIFA World Cup after 36 years of failed attempts to qualify. This goal was scored in the qualification game between", "title": "Shot heard round the world (soccer)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the FIFA World Cup but have qualified for the 2013 African Cup of Nations. Its first World Cup qualifying campaign was the 2002 World Cup qualifiers, in which Cape Verde was eliminated in the first round after one draw and one defeat against Algeria. In the qualification campaign for the 2006 World Cup and the 2006 African Nations Cup, Cape Verde advanced to the Final Round after its first victory in a World Cup qualifier, beating Swaziland. In the Final Round, the team made an impression with its first ever away victory against Burkina Faso, but finished fifth in its", "title": "Cape Verde national football team" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "group, Netherlands, advanced to face the Group F runners-up, Slovakia, while Japan, as Group E runners-up, faced Group F winners Paraguay. Cameroon was the first team to be eliminated in the World Cup, following their 2–1 defeat by Denmark on 19 June 2010. \"All times local (UTC+02)\" Cameroon's top goalscorer at FIFA World Cup finals, Roger Milla, also holds the record as oldest player to ever score at a FIFA World Cup. When he scored his goal during the 1-6 defeat against Russia in 1994, he was aged 42 years and 39 days. Roger Milla won the Bronze Boot in", "title": "Cameroon at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "3–1, and eliminated England from the competition. This defeat was manager Walter Winterbottom's last game in charge. Winterbottom had led England to four World Cup Finals. From May 1963, Alf Ramsey became the manager of England. In the 1966 World Cup Finals, England used their home advantage and, under Ramsey, won their first, and only, World Cup title. England played all their games at Wembley Stadium in London, which became the last time that the hosts were granted this privilege. After drawing 0–0 in the opening game against former champions Uruguay, which started a run of four games all ending", "title": "England at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cup Qualifier – Final Round 1978 FIFA World Cup Qualifier – Final Round 1978 FIFA World Cup Qualifier – Final Round 1978 FIFA World Cup Qualifier – Final Round 1978 FIFA World Cup Qualifier – Final Round 1978 FIFA World Cup Qualifier – Final Round Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly 1978 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations 1978 FIFA World Cup – Preliminary Round 1978 FIFA World Cup – Preliminary Round 1978 FIFA World Cup – Preliminary Round Friendly Iran national football team results (1970–79) This is a list of official football games played by Iran national football team between 1970 and 1979.", "title": "Iran national football team results (1970–79)" } ]

[ "West Germany" ]

[ "England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany. England had been 2–0 up, but were eventually beaten 3–2 after extra time. They failed in qualification for the 1974, leading to Ramsey's dismissal, and 1978 FIFA World Cups. Under Ron Greenwood, they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain (the first time competitively since 1962); despite not losing a game, they were eliminated in the second group stage." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "superfund" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water. In response to the contamination, activists protested in various ways. Musician Pete Seeger founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to draw attention to the problem. In 1983, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared a 200-mile (320 km) stretch of the river, from Hudson Falls to New York City, to be a Superfund site requiring cleanup. This Superfund site is considered to be one of the largest in the nation. Other sources of", "title": "General Electric" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "pollution, including mercury contamination and sewage dumping, have also contributed to problems in the Hudson River watershed. From until 1977, GE polluted the Housatonic River with PCB discharges from its plant at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. EPA designated the Pittsfield plant and several miles of the Housatonic to be a Superfund site in 1997, and ordered GE to remediate the site. Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto was the primary contaminant of the pollution. The highest concentrations of PCBs in the Housatonic River are found in Woods Pond in Lenox, Massachusetts, just south of Pittsfield, where they have been measured", "title": "General Electric" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Historically, the Housatonic River, and its Naugatuck River tributary, hosted the southernmost Atlantic salmon (\"Salmo salar\") spawning runs. The Salmon Creek tributary of the Housatonic River may have been named for this salmonid, which can reach up to . From \"circa\" 1932 until 1977, the river received PCB pollution discharges from the General Electric (GE) plant at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designated the Pittsfield plant and several miles of the Housatonic as a Superfund site in 1997, and ordered GE to remediate the site. EPA and GE began a cleanup of the area in 1999. Most", "title": "Housatonic River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the creation of Riverkeeper, a non-profit environmental organization that grew into a global umbrella organization, the Waterkeeper Alliance. Among the initial attempts to clean up the upper Hudson River was the removal in 1977–78 of of contaminated river sediments near Fort Edward. In 1984, EPA declared a stretch of the river, from Hudson Falls to New York City, to be a Superfund site requiring cleanup. This hazardous waste site is considered to be one of the largest in the nation. There have been many programs of remediation work to reduce the PCB pollution. In 1991, further PCB pollution was found", "title": "Pollution of the Hudson River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "including oxbows of the Housatonic River. Fish and waterfowl who live in and around the river contain significant levels of PCBs and are not safe to eat. New Bedford Harbor, which is a listed Superfund site, contains some of the highest sediment concentrations in the marine environment. Pollution of the Hudson River is largely due to dumping of PCBs by General Electric from 1947 to 1977. GE dumped an estimated 1.3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River during these years. This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river", "title": "Polychlorinated biphenyl" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water. In response to the contamination, activists protested in various ways. Musician Pete Seeger founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to draw attention to the problem. In 1983, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared a 200-mile (320 km) stretch of the river, from Hudson Falls to New York City, to be a Superfund site requiring cleanup. This Superfund site is considered to be one of the largest in the nation. Other sources of", "title": "General Electric" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Act in 1972, as well as federal government designation of the river as a Superfund site in 1984. Extensive remediation actions on the river began in the 1970s with the implementation of wastewater discharge permits and consequent reduction of wastewater discharges, and sediment removal operations, which have continued into the 21st century. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) has listed various portions of the Hudson as having impaired water quality due to PCBs, cadmium, and other toxic compounds. Hudson River tributaries with impaired water quality (not necessarily the same pollutants as the Hudson main stem) are Mohawk", "title": "Pollution of the Hudson River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ppm). About 50% of all the PCBs currently in the river are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam. This is estimated to be about 11,000 pounds of PCBs. Birds and fish who live in and around the river contain significant levels of PCBs. Starting in 1991, legal proceedings by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the General Electric/Housatonic River Site. Initial cleanup work began in 1996 when EPA issued a unilateral order to GE that required the removal of highly contaminated sediments and bank soils. EPA added the site to the Superfund list in", "title": "Pittsfield, Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michaud Flats Contamination, its 1500-acre plant site was designated by EPA under CERCLA as a Superfund site because of extensive water and land pollution caused by these operations, including degradation of the Portneuf River. The J.R. Simplot Company also operated on and near the reservation for decades. Their sites have been designated by the EPA as Superfund sites. Although some mitigation has been accomplished, scientists estimate the pollution will be hazardous for a very long time. As a result of this case, EPA has worked with the Tribes to develop the Clean Air Act’s Tribal Authority Rule, to provide tribes", "title": "Fort Hall Indian Reservation" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "site of its old factory in Hudson Falls. The cleanup is part of an EPA Superfund site, and consists of dredging a 40-mile stretch of the river the Troy Dam to Fort Edward in order to remove the probable carcinogen from the ecosystem. Other conservation efforts also occurred, such as when Christopher Swain became the first person to swim all 315 miles of the Hudson River in support of cleaning it up. In conjunction with conservation efforts, the Hudson River region has seen an economic revitalization, especially in favor of green development. In 2009, the High Line was opened in", "title": "Hudson River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eagle Harbor on Bainbridge Island, were documented in a 1996 Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) project. The historic documentation was done before their removal by the EPA for pollution remediation. The Environmental Protection Agency started investigating environmental issues at the Eagle Harbor site in 1971. Studies showed a high concentration of PAH pollution in the harbor and related it to liver lesions in fish. The Eagle Harbor site (called the \"Wyckoff\" site by the EPA) was put on the Superfund list in 1987 for PAH, heavy metals and PCB pollution. The West Seattle site (called the \"Pacific Sound Resources\" site", "title": "Pacific Creosoting Company" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute listed the corporation as the fourth-largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States, with more than 4.4 million pounds per year (2,000 tons) of toxic chemicals released into the air. GE has also been implicated in the creation of toxic waste. According to EPA documents, only the United States Government, Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation are responsible for producing more Superfund toxic waste sites. In 1983, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to compel GE to", "title": "General Electric" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "has been industrialized and abandoned from residents and community members for many years, due in part to pollution in the Passaic River. The river is an EPA Superfund site, with projected in 2014 estimated at $1.7 billion, it will be one of the largest Superfund cleanups ever proposed. While plans for dredging the river to remove contaminants has been planned for many years, it was only more recently that this has been seen as an urban planning opportunity to increase community parks and access to the river itself. Connecting environmental conservation and restoration with intentional park development is a relatively", "title": "Newark Riverfront Park" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a Superfund site in 2000, involving the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in cleanup of the river bottom. The area to be addressed stretches from the Fremont Bridge almost to the Columbia – spanning nearly 11 river miles. Reducing risk from the pollutants in this stretch will involve removing contaminated sediment from the river bottom and efforts to contain contaminated sediment by placing clean sediment on top (known as \"capping\"). Pollution has been exacerbated by combined sewer overflows, which the city has greatly reduced through its Big Pipe Project. Further upstream, the pressing environmental issues have mainly been variations in", "title": "Willamette River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and in nearby Anaconda until 1981. In Butte, mine tailings and smelter waste were dumped directly into Silver Bow Creek, creating the 120 mile (190 km) plume of pollution extending down the valley to Milltown Dam on the Clark Fork (river) just upstream of Missoula. Air and water borne pollution poisoned livestock and agricultural soils throughout the Deer Lodge Valley. Modern environmental clean-up effort began under Superfund in 1983 and continues to this day. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designated Silver Bow Creek as the Streamside Tailings (SST) Superfund site in 1985, with ARCO as the principal party responsible for", "title": "Silver Bow Creek" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "York, in 2009. The Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival have worked to draw attention to the problem of pollution of the Hudson River. Pollution in the river has included mercury contamination and sewage dumping, but the most discussed issue has been General Electric's contamination of the river with Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between 1947 and 1977. This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water. The activism of folk singer Pete Seeger and the Clearwater led to the area being designated as one of the superfund sites. Clearwater", "title": "Hudson River Sloop Clearwater" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "folk, blues, and jazz singer Barbara Dane at a rally in New York for striking coal miners. In 1980, Pete Seeger performed in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The performance was later released by Smithsonian Folkways as the album \"Singalong Sanders Theater, 1980\". Seeger founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to draw attention to the pollution of the Hudson River. The activism led to the site being designated as one of the superfund sites. In 1982, Seeger performed at a benefit concert for Poland's Solidarity resistance movement. His biographer David Dunaway considers this the first public manifestation of Seeger's", "title": "Pete Seeger" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was sold to Troy-Bilt in 1988. FMC Corporation operated a phosphate mine and plant in Idaho on the Fort Hall Reservation of the federally recognized Shoshone-Bannock Tribes. Between 1949 and 2001, it produced an estimated 250 million pounds of elemental phosphorus annually. In 1989, as part of what is termed the Eastern Michaud Flats Contamination, its 1500-acre plant site was designated by EPA under CERCLA as a Superfund site because of extensive water and land pollution caused by these operations. After working to improve operations and air quality, the company abandoned the plant and related mine in 2001 because of", "title": "FMC Corporation" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of 1981, following an initial investigation by the State of Maryland, the property owners were ordered to clean up their respective properties. This order was eventually stayed when the EPA took over the lead at the site in 1982.\" In a press release in 2000 the EPA stated that “will oversee Allegany County’s hookup of the public water supply to 20 residents who live near the Limestone Road Superfund hazardous waste site.” It was discovered that there was pollution in the local wells from the Limestone Road superfund site. The objective of supplying public water is so the people living", "title": "Limestone Road" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "trapped by the mountains surrounding the region . Water pollution has also been found in the Santa Ana River and Cajon wash, and pollutants from the March Air Reserve Base and Stringfellow Acid Pits have contaminated groundwater in parts of Riverside County. In 1997, perchlorate, a chemical used to produce explosives, was discovered to be seeping into the groundwater under Rialto in a plume that continues to grow. In 2007, the Rialto City council petitioned the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Superfund status to clean up the origin site. The sites comprising March Air Reserve Base, Norton Air", "title": "Inland Empire" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "site. The radon and radiation resulting from the 1,600 tons of material on the abandoned factory resulted in the site's designation as a Superfund site by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1983. From 1997 through 2005, the EPA remediated the site in a process that involved the excavation and off-site disposal of radium-contaminated material at the former plant site, and at 250 residential and commercial properties that had been contaminated in the intervening decades. In 2009, the EPA wrapped up their long-running Superfund cleanup effort. United States Radium Corporation The United States Radium Corporation was a company, most", "title": "United States Radium Corporation" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "or drink the water. Love Canal is a neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York that was heavily contaminated with toxic waste including PCBs. Eighteen Mile Creek in Lockport, New York is an EPA Superfund site for PCBs contamination. PCB pollution at the State Office Building in Binghamton was responsible for what is now considered to be the first indoor environmental disaster in the United States. In 1981, a transformer explosion in the basement spewed PCBs throughout the entire 18-story building. The contamination was so severe that cleanup efforts kept the building closed for 13 years. One of the largest deliberate", "title": "Polychlorinated biphenyl" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Superfund site in 1984. Other kinds of pollution, including mercury contamination and sewage dumping, have also caused problems. Extensive remediation actions on the river began in the 1970s with the implementation of wastewater discharge permits and consequent control or reduction of wastewater discharges, and sediment removal operations, which have continued into the 21st century. Zooplankton are abundant throughout the fresh and saltwater portions of the river, and provide a crucial food source for larval and juvenile fish. The benthic zone has species capable of living in soft bottom habitats. Within freshwater regions, there are animal species including larvae of chironomid", "title": "Hudson River" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "military bases, national parks, government office buildings) take all necessary actions to prevent, control and abate environmental pollution. FFEO facilitates compliance through inspections and enforcement under all environmental statutes and cleanup at federal facilities. The Office of Site Remediation Enforcement manages the enforcement of EPA's national hazardous waste cleanup programs. The cleanup enforcement program protects human health and the environment by getting those responsible for a hazardous waste site to either clean up or reimburse EPA for its cleanup. EPA uses a number of cleanup authorities independently and in combination to address specific cleanup situations, including the Superfund law, RCRA", "title": "Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "much too long of a time in the cleanup, and that a Superfund designation would force DuPont to spend the more money and clean up the site faster. New Jersey Senator Robert Menendez also agreed, and sent a letter to federal EPA commissioner Lisa Jackson, asking why a Superfund designation has not even been considered for the site, even though it clearly meets all of the specifications. Also run by the EWA is NewGreenMedia.tv, a website which presents a single clearinghouse for green, sustainable, and environmental news across New Jersey. The site is designed the population of New Jersey informed", "title": "Edison Wetlands Association" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in the fall of 1996, costing $6.5 million. Its exterior is made up of brown brick, anodized aluminum-frame windows and slate roofs. It has long spanning brick arches with vertical piers, limestone columns and banding, steep sloping roofs, and a clock tower marking the entry, establishing a focal point on campus. The library supports 150,000 volumes and includes a print and electronic-based reference center, micro forms, media services, periodicals, general collections, and a special-collections center. It houses the campus computer center and is wired throughout to promote flexibility in computer usage. The Eddie Weber Tennis Complex was dedicated on September", "title": "Bellarmine University" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matthew Whiley Matthew Jeffrey Allen Whiley (born 6 May 1980) is a former English cricketer. Whiley was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He played for Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire during a five-year first-class career. The Nottingham native, who has one Youth Test match, made his County Championship debut in the 1998 season, though he mostly appeared for the second team between then and 2001. Whiley started appearing more commonly for Leicestershire in April 2001, the season after their promotion from Division Two of the County Championship. He stayed with the first team until 2003, when Leicestershire were relegated and", "title": "Matthew Whiley" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Willesden Green tube station Willesden Green is a London Underground station on Walm Lane in Willesden. It is served by the Jubilee line and is between Dollis Hill and Kilburn. Metropolitan line trains also pass through the station, but do not usually stop. The station is on the boundary of Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3. The station opened on 24 November 1879 on the Metropolitan Railway (later the Metropolitan line). From 1894 to 1938 it was known as Willesden Green and Cricklewood station. From 20 November 1939 it also served the Stanmore branch of the Bakerloo line, with Met", "title": "Willesden Green tube station" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "philanthropists and art collectors who, along with her mother, exposed Arielle from a young age to art and theater in New York City. At the age of eight, Arielle saw her first Broadway show, \"Annie,\" which she would later go on to produce. After graduating from high school, she attended Syracuse University, majoring in Design and Technical Theater. In 1998, after graduating from Syracuse University, Madover founded Arielle Tepper Madover Productions, a theatrical production company to develop and produce plays and musicals both on and off Broadway. Her first production was John Leguizamo's \"Freak\", a semi-autobiographical one-person play that ran", "title": "Arielle Tepper Madover" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "television. This was the first series not to adapt any of Cleeves' novels. Ciarán Hinds and Anna Chancellor were among the new cast members for this series. A fourth series was announced by the BBC in July 2016. Again, this series is a single story played out across six episodes and written exclusively for television. Stephen Walters and Neve McIntosh were among the new cast members announced for the series. It was broadcast on BBC One beginning on 13 February 2018. In July 2018, Henshall confirmed that filming for series five would take place over the following four months. During", "title": "Shetland (TV series)" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "H. Kramer and Company H. Kramer and Company is a brass smelting company located in the Pilsen neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States. The company has come under pressure from local neighborhood residents and the Illinois EPA for lead pollution. In the March 2005, Pilsen residents began sampling the soil and found elevated levels of lead around the H. Kramer facility. EPA tests in June 2005 found lead on site at levels from 1,250 to 65,000 parts per million, and from 120 to 2,500 parts per million off site; with the highest levels more than twice the allowable level set", "title": "H. Kramer and Company" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in Manhattan. Whales have become a more common sight in the river recently. This is because of a combination of cleanup of waste in the river as well as conservation of wildlife that creates a hospitable habitat for the whales. Whales have been spotted all the way up to the George Washington Bridge. The whales are especially prominent during feeding season in the fall. State and federal officials are warning kayakers and boaters to slow down and stay at least from any whales in the area in order to not distress or hurt the whales. GE fought a media and", "title": "Pollution of the Hudson River" }, { "idx": 32, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "or disposed of, releasing substances such as arsenic and polychlorinated biphenyl into the groundwater and soil. Waste such as abandoned equipment and empty steel drums was removed from the site by the EPA and NJDEP, the latter of which initially tested the site for contamination in 1987. Like the Welsbach/General Gas Mantle site, the Martin Aaron, Inc. site was placed on the National Priorities list in 1999. Residents of Camden have expressed discontent with the implementation of pollution-causing facilities in their city. Father Michael Doyle, a pastor at Waterfront South's Sacred Heart Church, blamed the city's growing pollution and sewage", "title": "Camden, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 33, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "pollution. In 1981, after Ronald Reagan's election, the EPA, which was headed by Anne M. Gorsuch, adopted a new definition that allowed an existing plant to get permits for new equipment that did not meet standards as long as the total emissions from the plant itself did not increase. The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), an environmental protection group, challenged the EPA regulation in federal court, which ruled in the NRDC's favor. Chevron, an affected party, appealed the lower court's decision. The issue facing the Court was what standard of review should be applied by a court to a government", "title": "Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc." }, { "idx": 34, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on to striped bass and whatever else eats them. This system of passing contamination on to larger organisms is also known as biomagnification. The toxic chemicals also accumulated in sediments that settled to the river bottom. In 1976 NYSDEC banned all fishing in the Upper Hudson because of health concerns with PCBs. It also issued advisories restricting the consumption of fish caught within a long segment of the Hudson River from Hudson Falls to Troy. The New York State Department of Health recommends eating no fish caught from the South Glens Falls Dam to the Federal Dam at Troy. Women", "title": "Pollution of the Hudson River" } ]

[ "superfund" ]

[ "General Electric heavily contaminated the Hudson River with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between 1947-77. This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water. In response to this contamination, activists protested in various ways. Musician Pete Seeger founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to draw attention to the problem. The activism led to the site being designated by the EPA as one of the superfund sites requiring extensive cleanup. Other sources of pollution, including mercury contamination and sewage dumping, have also contributed to problems in the Hudson River watershed." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "2–0" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cup Final, but lost 3–2 after extra time to Liverpool. Everton were founding members of the Premier League in 1992, but struggled to find the right manager. Howard Kendall had returned in 1990, but could not repeat his previous success. His successor, Mike Walker, was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date. When former Everton player Joe Royle took over in 1994, the club's form started to improve; his first game in charge was a 2–0 victory over derby rivals Liverpool. Royle dragged Everton clear of relegation and led the club to the FA Cup for the fifth time", "title": "Everton F.C." }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cup Final, but lost 3–2 after extra time to Liverpool. Everton were founding members of the Premier League in 1992, but struggled to find the right manager. Howard Kendall had returned in 1990, but could not repeat his previous success. His successor, Mike Walker, was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date. When former Everton player Joe Royle took over in 1994, the club's form started to improve; his first game in charge was a 2–0 victory over derby rivals Liverpool. Royle dragged Everton clear of relegation and led the club to the FA Cup for the fifth time", "title": "Everton F.C." }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Park. Walker was sacked and replaced by Joe Royle, who led the club to a 2–0 win over Liverpool in his first match in charge – this game also marked a record 35th Merseyside derby appearance for Southall. It was also the second match of seven consecutive games Everton went without conceding a goal – another club record. Southall then conceded just one goal (a penalty) in five games en route to the 1995 FA Cup Final against Manchester United. Everton won the game 1–0, with Southall making a double save from Paul Scholes; the victory left Southall as the", "title": "Neville Southall" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the venue, no players were selected from the Blackburn Rovers side who had won the FA Cup in the final on 21 March. England took an early lead and were 2–0 up at half time and, although Scotland pulled a goal back through Frank Watt late in the game, England managed to hang on in a close game to clinch victory and the championship. <nowiki>*</nowiki> England score given first Key 1890–91 in English football The 1890–91 season was the 20th season of competitive football in England. Everton started the 1890–91 season in superb form with five straight victories, with Fred", "title": "1890–91 in English football" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the league to form a second tier of the Premier League. 10 November 1994 – Ron Atkinson is sacked as manager of Aston Villa, while Tottenham Hotspur appoint Gerry Francis from Queens Park Rangers. Manchester United crush Manchester City 5–0 in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford, with Andrei Kanchelskis scoring a hat-trick. 11 November 1994 – Joe Royle, the longest-serving manager in England with 12 years at Oldham Athletic, is named as the new manager of Everton. 13 November 1994 – The third round of the FA Cup is highlighted by Division Two promotion chasers Oxford United's 2–0 defeat", "title": "1994–95 in English football" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "at non-league club Marlow. 14 November 1994 – Ray Wilkins, 38, quits as Crystal Palace player-coach to return to Queens Park Rangers as their new player-manager, while Brian Little resigns as manager of Leicester City, sparking rumours that he will take over at Aston Villa. 21 November 1994 – Joe Royle has a dream start to his reign as Everton manager as they triumph 2–0 over Liverpool in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park. 25 November 1994 – Brian Little is named as the new Aston Villa manager on his 41st birthday. 26 November 1994 – Alan Shearer scores a", "title": "1994–95 in English football" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "series in 4 games. The Nationals would finish in 2nd place in a hard-fought 3-way battle for first place in the Eastern Division for the 1952–1953 season, with a record of 47–24. In the playoffs the Nationals would face the Boston Celtics dropping Game 1 at home 87–81. Needing a win in Boston to keep their hopes alive, the Nationals would take the Celtics deep into overtime before losing in quadruple OT 111–105, in what remains the longest playoff game in NBA history. The Nationals acquired Alex Groza, and Ralph Beard as the Indianapolis Olympians folded leaving the NBA with", "title": "History of the Philadelphia 76ers" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "way and being based upon the furthering of intelligence is known as the Intelligence Principle; this was suggested by Dr Steven J Dick. \"The maintenance, improvement and perpetuation of knowledge and intelligence is the central driving force of cultural evolution, and that to the extent intelligence can be improved, it will be improved\" (Dick 1996) If cultural evolution progresses in this direction then due to cultural evolution being much faster than biological, the limiting factor becomes our biology and the capability of our brains. Currently the closest and so most probable solution to this problem is artificial intelligence, (AI). Experts", "title": "Postbiological evolution" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King Peter. The pope advocated for her release. In 1361, after Peter had made peace with the King of Aragon, he returned to Seville and hoped to eliminate the last bastions of resistance to his rule. According to Pero López de Ayala, he then instructed Iñigo Ortiz de Estuñiga, who was charged with keeping his wife imprisoned in Medina Sidonia, to kill her. Ayala, who had later joined with winning faction led by Henry II, states that to Peter's anger, Estuñiga declined because the act was treasonous and likely to cause further disorder in the country. The King demanded that", "title": "Blanche of Bourbon" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "households, and 986 families residing in the town. The population density was 355.4 people per square mile (137.2/km²). There were 1,715 housing units at an average density of 168.6 per square mile (65.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.34% White, 0.03% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.30% of the population. There were 1,588 households out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female", "title": "Oneida, Tennessee" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "et al., & Lu report the chemical method to generate MSC-like cells (iMSCs), from human primary dermal fibroblasts using six chemical inhibitors (SP600125, SB202190, Go6983, Y-27632, PD0325901, and CHIR99021) with or without 3 growth factors (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)). The chemical cocktail directly converts human fibroblasts to iMSCs with a monolayer culture in 6 days, and the conversion rate was approximately 38%. Besides cell therapy in vivo, the culture of human mesenchymal stem cells can be used in vitro for mass-production of exosomes, which are ideal vehicles for drug delivery.", "title": "Induced stem cells" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in its history by defeating Manchester United 1–0 in the final. The cup triumph was also Everton's passport to the Cup Winners' Cup – their first European campaign in the post-Heysel era. Progress under Royle continued in 1995–96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership. A fifteenth-place finish the following season saw Royle resign towards the end of the campaign, and he was temporarily replaced by club captain Dave Watson. Howard Kendall was appointed Everton manager for the third time in 1997, but the appointment proved unsuccessful as Everton finished seventeenth in the Premiership. The club only avoided", "title": "Everton F.C." }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the FA Cup winning team of 1966, scoring the winning goal in the semi-final against Manchester United. Harvey also played in the 1968 team that also reached the FA Cup final who lost the game against underdogs West Bromwich Albion. Harvey was also a key member of the 1970 League Championship winning side. While at Everton he made 384 appearances (4 as substitute) and scored 24 goals. Harvey left Everton shortly after Kendall's departure in December 1993, and in November 1994 became assistant to Oldham Athletic's new player-manager Graeme Sharp following the departure of Joe Royle to Everton. Sharp left", "title": "Colin Harvey" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "he moved to Coventry City for £500,000, a record fee received for a player by Cardiff at the time, but struggled to find form for the club, scoring just once against Everton in the League Cup, and subsequently moved to Wigan Athletic for £600,000, a record signing for the club at the time. He managed to show his ability for Wigan and helped them to win the Football League Trophy in the 1998–99 season. He was also the first Wigan player to score at their new JJB Stadium, doing so in a game against Scunthorpe United. Eventually leaving the club", "title": "Simon Haworth" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1994–95 Everton F.C. season During the 1994–95 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the FA Premier League. After the previous season's \"houdini\" escape act which preserved Everton's top flight status, manager Mike Walker was expected to take the club forward and challenge for honours. But a failure to win any of their first twelve Premier League games saw the board run out of patience with Walker and terminated his contract after less than a year at the helm. Former player Joe Royle was named as Walker's successor, and quickly set about reshaping a squad of broken men. Royle's impact", "title": "1994–95 Everton F.C. season" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the first team squad, resulting in an early first team call-up and then to becoming a regular first team player in the early 1990s. During a difficult decade for the Toffees Ebbrell was part of the Everton squad that reached the 1995 FA Cup Final starting 3 of the 6 matches, but after missing the semi-final (in which Everton comfortably beat an impressive Tottenham Hotspur) through suspension, manager Joe Royle continued with the other two-thirds of the Dogs of War for the final – Barry Horne and Joe Parkinson, and strikers Duncan Ferguson and Daniel Amokachi were chosen to be", "title": "John Ebbrell" } ]

[ "2–0" ]

[ "Everton were founder members of the Premier League in 1992, but struggled to find the right manager. Howard Kendall had returned in 1990 but could not repeat his previous success, while his successor, Mike Walker, was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date. When former Everton player Joe Royle took over in 1994 the club's form started to improve; his first game in charge was a 2–0 victory over derby rivals Liverpool. Royle dragged Everton clear of relegation, leading the club to the FA Cup for the fifth time in its history, defeating Manchester United 1–0 in the final." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "in the left arm above the elbow" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "not have qualified, but former Navy officials who worked in the service's awards branch at the time said such awards were routine.\" On the night in question, Kerry was not on a Swift Boat, but on a 15-foot skimmer. Kerry opened fire on suspected guerrillas on the shore. During this encounter, Kerry suffered a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. Accounts differ over the crew aboard the skimmer, the source of Kerry's injury—Kerry has stated that he does not know where the shrapnel came from—and several other major details. James Wasser, who later became Kerry's radarman on", "title": "John Kerry military service controversy" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mask Jim Carrey, Tim Allen, The Santa Clause Speed Forrest Gump Rookie of the Year The Lion King Sylvester Stallone Brian Grazer Mariah Carey Kenny G The Eagles Eric Clapton Anita Baker Luther Vandross Boys II Men Sheryl Crow Ace of Base Alan Jackson Reba McEntire Beastie Boys Green Day Boys II Men-II The Lion King 1st Blockbuster Entertainment Awards The 1st Blockbuster Entertainment Awards were held on June 3, 1995 at the Pantages Theatre in Los Angeles. The awards originally had categories for both video and theatrical releases. Below is a complete list of winners. Sandra Bullock, Speed Sandra", "title": "1st Blockbuster Entertainment Awards" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and reports, in the 1990s and 2000s, a fast growth and proliferation of private higher education and state-run polytechnical institutions with lower educational standards and ambiguous academic integrity, was responsible for unnecessary and uneconomic allocation of resources with no adequate quality output in terms of both new highly qualified graduates and research. Since the creation of the Portuguese higher education polytechnical system, admission to public university programmes has been often more demanding and selective than to their equivalent in public polytechnics. Many specific university institutions and degrees have also been regarded as more prestigious and reputed than their peers from", "title": "Polytechnic (Portugal)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to change into an ability-driven one after then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong outlined his \"Thinking Schools, Learning Nations\" vision. Under this policy, more emphasis was given to national education, creative thinking, collaborative learning as well as ICT literacy. Schools became more diverse and were given greater autonomy in deciding their own curriculum and developing their own niche areas. Differences between the various academic streams became blurred. The Ministry of Education also officially acknowledged that \"excellence\" will not be measured solely in terms of academics; a mountain range of excellence – with many peaks\". The school year is divided into", "title": "Education in Singapore" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2014-15 A-League Season, Sam Gallaway was released from the club. Sam Gallaway Sam Gallaway (born 16 March 1992 in Coffs Harbour, Australia) is an Australian football (soccer) player. On 22 January 2011, Gallaway made his senior debut for Newcastle against Gold Coast United. 2014-2015 season:: Although he has struggled to cement a spot in the starting 11 Gallaway is still thought of as an important member of the team. As a result of the signing of Sam Gallagher he was pushed back to the bench. Gallaway started his first game of the season in round 7 against the Western Sydney", "title": "Sam Gallaway" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "proposed overland telegraph line through Siberia and across the Bering Strait. Having spent two years in the wilds of Kamchatka, he returned to Ohio via Saint Petersburg and soon became well known by his lectures, articles, and a book about his travels. In his book \"Tent Life in Siberia\", Kennan provided ethnographies, histories and descriptions of many native peoples in Siberia, that are still important for researchers. They include stories about the Koraks (modern spelling: Koryaks), Kamchatdal (Itelmens), Chookchees (Chukchis), Yookaghirs (Yukaghirs), Chooances (Chuvans), Yakoots (Yakuts) and Gakouts. During 1870, he returned to St. Petersburg and travelled to Dagestan, in", "title": "George Kennan (explorer)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "mysterious death has destroyed the world of her best friend Emma, who was supposed to go on the trip with her but canceled at the last minute. A few weeks after her death, Emma starts having nightmares about Kerry. Emma travels to a remote village in Ireland to investigate the mysterious circumstances surrounding her best friend Kerry’s death. Distraught by constant dreams and haunting visions of Kerry, Emma refuses to believe that the death was an accident. After arriving in the small, fishing village where Kerry died, Emma realizes the death was never really investigated and the locals don't want", "title": "Truth about Kerry" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "final where Waterford were the opponents and a rout ensued. A 1–21 to 2–05 trouncing gave Ó Cinnéide a Munster winners' medal in the under-21 grade in a game where he scored 1-09. In the All Ireland semi final Kerry faced Ulster champions Donegal. In a close game and with 0-02 from Ó Cinnéide, Kerry won on a 2-06 to 1-05 scoreline. Kerry qualified to play Mayo in the All-Ireland final. After the highs of the Munster final victory, Kerry were held to a draw and a replay was required after a 2-12 to 3-09, with 1-03 from Ó Cinnéide.", "title": "Dara Ó Cinnéide" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in, draw fire and get out immediately.\" The waiting Swift Boats or air support would attack the enemies thus detected. Schachte stated that he had participated in all previous skimmer missions up to and including the night Kerry was injured, although the latter claim could not be substantiated. In an interview in 2003, Schachte made no mention of being on the skimmer with Kerry that night; in addition, he described the action as a \"firefight\" and said of Kerry, \"He got hit.\" In August 2004, however, Schachte stated that he was the senior officer on Kerry's skimmer that night, with", "title": "John Kerry military service controversy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "making several Atlantic crossings, sailing the New England and Nova Scotia coasts solo, and racing sloops. Kerry met nurse Rosemary Isabel Forbes in 1938 in Saint Briac, France, where he was taking a course in the sculpture of ship models and she was training as a nurse. They married on February 8, 1941, in Montgomery, Alabama, while he was a Cadet in the Army Air Corps. They had four children: Margaret (born 1941); John Kerry (born 1943); Diana (born 1947); and Cameron (born 1950). Kerry died in at Massachusetts General Hospital on July 29, 2000 at age 85 from prostate", "title": "Richard Kerry" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with Cork since 2001. In another close game in Cork it was a goal from Kerry captain Declan O'Sullivan that swing the tie in Kerrys favor as the game ended in a 1-10 to 0-10 win for Kerry and a first 3 in a row of Munster titles since 1996-98. The result also game O'Sullivan a 5th Munster title. In the All Ireland QF seen a repeat of the previous years All Ireland final where Kerry faced Mayo. In a much closer game then 2004 Kerry ran out winners on a 2-15 to 0-18 scoreline in what was to be", "title": "Tom O'Sullivan" } ]

[ "in the left arm above the elbow" ]

[ "During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first Purple Heart Medal." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Britonia" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (\"foedus\") by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (\"foedus\") by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "QMA In computational complexity theory, QMA, which stands for Quantum Merlin Arthur, is the quantum analog of the nonprobabilistic complexity class NP or the probabilistic complexity class MA. It is related to BQP in the same way NP is related to P, or MA is related to BPP. Informally, it is the set of decision problems for which when the answer is YES, there is a polynomial-size quantum proof (a quantum state) which convinces a polynomial-time quantum verifier of the fact with high probability. Moreover, when the answer is NO, every polynomial-size quantum state is rejected by the verifier with", "title": "QMA" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lactobacillus pontis \"Lactobacillus pontis\" is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive facultatively anaerobic bacterium. Along with other \"Lactobacillus\" species, it is capable of converting sugars, such as lactose, into lactic acid. \"Lactobacillus pontis\" is classified under the phylum Firmicutes, class Bacilli, and is a member of the family Lactobacillaceae and is found to be responsible for the fermentation of sourdough, along with many other \"Lactobacillus\" species. This microorganism produces lactic acid during the process of fermentation, which gives sourdough bread its characteristic sour taste. In 1994, \"Lactobacillus pontis\" was discovered during an experiment focusing on the microflora found in sourdough preparations for making", "title": "Lactobacillus pontis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "developed and displayed at the Academy museum on the centenary of the month each boy enlisted for the Great War. From 1924-1965 the Academy Dining Hall was used for Presbyterian church services. Between 1924 and 1968 the land was further subdivided. The Academy closed in 1925 and McManamey used the building as a private residence. He reopened the school for local children in 1930, closing it again in 1936. After the Academy closed to all but private tuition in 1936, the McManamey family lived privately in the house. John Frazier McManamey died in 1946. In February 1949 Miss Gertrude McManamey", "title": "Woodford Academy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "first competition there were six English teams and six Italian teams. These teams were split into three groups consisting of two English and two Italian teams each, with two points being awarded for a win, one point for a draw, and a point for each goal scored. The final was contested between the best team from each country, and Swindon played Napoli at the Stadio San Paolo on 28 May 1970. Swindon were 3–0 up after 63 minutes, when violence started to break out. The match had to be abandoned after 79 minutes, with Swindon being declared as the first", "title": "Anglo-Italian Cup" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "poets in England. He is sometimes, by tradition, given the epithet \"Captain\". Montgomerie was a younger son of the Ayrshire laird Hugh Montgomerie of Hessilhead (d. 1558) and so was related to the Earl of Eglinton, and a distant relation of James VI. Nothing is known for certain about his life before about 1580, but contemporary or near-contemporary accounts suggest that he was brought up as a member of the Church of Scotland, spent some time in Argyll before leaving for the Continent, and was converted to Catholicism in Spain. He probably saw active service as a soldier for the", "title": "Alexander Montgomerie" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charleston. Back in Bristol, Kingsley obtained a new line of credit and in 1784 emigrated to Saint John in the newly created Colony of New Brunswick. There he sought, and obtained, land grants that the Crown gave to Loyalist refugees. He became a prominent businessman in the colony, owning many stores and importing his merchandise from Europe in his own ships. He also acquired townhouses in Saint John and Fredericton. By 1785, Kingsey was reunited with his family in New Brunswick. Kingsley was very active in the social life of early New Brunswick. One of his ships (the \"True Briton\")", "title": "Zephaniah Kingsley Sr." }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "other private enterprises, an example being the North British Distillery Company in Edinburgh, founded in 1885. An example of its use in respect to northern Great Britain rather than Scotland can be found in the title of the North British Academy of Arts which existed from 1908 to 1924 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, a city in northern England. The \"North Briton\" and \"New North Briton\" were newspapers in the 18th and 19th centuries, and in 1844 there was also a \"North British Advertiser\". The \"North British Review\" was founded in 1844 by members of the Free Church of Scotland as a Scottish", "title": "North Britain" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "carries a lot of silt. In the upper reaches the river was named \"Likwa\" (Sindebele), \"Ikwa\" (isiZulu), \"ilikwa\" (siSwati), \"lekwa\" (Sesotho), or \"cuoa\" by the Khoikhoi, all referring to the plain it traverses. Historically, the river formed the northern border of Moshoeshoe I's Basotho kingdom at its height in the mid-19th century, then became the boundary between two Boer republics: The South African Republic (later the Transvaal province) and the Orange Free State. The geographic name \"Transvaal\" comes from the name of this river, meaning \"beyond the Vaal river\". This was in respect to the Cape Colony and Natal, which", "title": "Vaal River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "initiated campaigns (1340–1366) to take Galicia-Volhynia. Meanwhile, the heartland of Rus', including Kiev, became the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, ruled by Gediminas and his successors, after the Battle on the Irpen' River. Following the 1386 Union of Krewo, a dynastic union between Poland and Lithuania, much of what became northern Ukraine was ruled by the increasingly Slavicised local Lithuanian nobles as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. By 1392 the so-called Galicia–Volhynia Wars ended. Polish colonisers of depopulated lands in northern and central Ukraine founded or re-founded many towns. In 1430 Podolia was incorporated under the", "title": "Ukraine" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in CE 987, Wlodimer (or Wolodymyr). Upon the first partition of Poland in 1772, the name Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (probably in reference to the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia) was granted to the Polish territories that were passed to the Habsburg Monarchy, while most of Volhynia with the city of Vladimir stayed with Poland until eventually being acquired by the Russian Empire. Lodomeria together with Galicia formed one of the many titles of the Emperor of Austria, \"the ruler of Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria\". However, Lodomeria existed only on paper, had no territory and could not be found on", "title": "Lodomeria" } ]

[ "Britonia" ]

[ "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Terra Australis" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "census). The total land area of the islands of Tuvalu is . The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians. The pattern of settlement that is believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from Samoa and Tonga into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to migration into the Polynesian Outlier communities in Melanesia and Micronesia. In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. The island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island in 1819; the", "title": "Tuvalu" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Loch Bà, Rannoch Moor Loch Bà is a shallow irregular shaped freshwater loch on Rannoch Moor, Argyll and Bute, in the Scottish West Highlands, within the Highland council area of Scotland. It is about 25 km east-south-east of Glen Coe, and 20 km north of Tyndrum. There is a viewpoint on the east side of the A82 road which runs past the western end of the main loch. Loch Bà is one of two primary lochs that sit in Rannoch Moor, lying southwest of Loch Beinn a' Mheadhoin. Both lochs are served by the River Affric. A number of smaller", "title": "Loch Bà, Rannoch Moor" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of his girlfriend feeds his jealousy and paranoia. The animal desires and loose inner demons of the friends eventually take over what was intended to be a night devoid of consequence. Forgotten Pills was originally a 20-minute short film written, filmed and released in 2005. After its completion, writer/director David Hefner decided to expand the story into a full-length screenplay. In the press kit for full-length's release, David offers some insight on the creation of the story itself: \"The idea for Forgotten Pills came to me one evening while I was lying in bed. I was still in college and", "title": "Forgotten Pills" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marshal of France in 1856, at the same time as Canrobert and Bosquet. He served again as Minister of War from 1859 to 1867. He received no command during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, because of his high age. He was nevertheless accused to have a part of responsibility in French defeat for having neglected to prepare for it during his second ministry and for having dissuaded Napoleon III of acting in favour of Austria at the time of the Battle of Sadova in 1866. Modern research has shown that the latter accusation is unfounded and that, quite contrarily, Randon", "title": "Jacques Louis Randon" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "album to accredit founding guitarist Kirk Hammett for a song, (\"Impaler\"). Although he produced the band's 1997 live album \"Another Lesson in Violence\", this album was the first time Andy Sneap had produced, mixed, engineered or mastered an Exodus studio album; he would provide either role on the band's subsequent albums. \"Tempo of the Damned\" marked their first full-length album of new material since 1992's \"Force of Habit\". This is Exodus' first studio album to feature Jack Gibson on bass. This album is also the result of Steve \"Zetro\" Souza's return to the band, after Exodus reunited with \"Bonded by", "title": "Tempo of the Damned" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "journalists were murdered. The current Indonesian and Australian (government) point of view, that they were killed in crossfire, is quite frankly absurd. We seek out war criminals from World War II, so to dismiss calls for justice for the Balibo Five is crazy.\" In the Parliament of Australia, the two leading advocates have been Senators Nick Xenophon and Scott Ludlam, who have frequently spoken in the Australian Senate and lodged motions, as well as numerous campaigns in the news media. Writing in \"The Sydney Morning Herald\", Xenophon stated: On 5 February 2007, the New South Wales (NSW) Coroner's Court began", "title": "Balibo Five" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "business interests in the United States made it impossible for him to accept. In 1915, Blanca Errázuriz befriended Rudolph Valentino in New York City, where he was working as an exhibition dancer and had gained attention for his rendition of the Argentine tango, which was the craze at the time. Valentino enjoyed befriending many people of high society, and Blanca Errázuriz was unhappily married to De Saulles by whom she already had a son. Whether the two, Valentino and Errázuriz, actually had a romantic relationship is unknown, but Valentino was quite smitten with her so when Blanca was seeking a", "title": "John de Saulles" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "interest once again in the land, seeking out titles in Zacatecas. The land was eventually sold to Captain Juan de Escobedo and Captain Juan Diaz de Infante. Around 1673, European settlement in the region was still limited, with only one agricultural hacienda in the region known as Juanacatic. By 1673, the place was an agricultural and cattle ranch called Juanacatic, owned by the Spanish captain Juan de Escobedo. In 1676, the Spanish military administrator for the region of Colotlán Toribio González de Escalante, began the extraction of saltpeter in the valley. From this activity, the place gained the name of", "title": "Villa Guerrero, Jalisco" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "they exported back to Rome. But the land was successively occupied by barbarians from eastern Europe, including tribes of Alans, Vandals, Suebi and Visigoths. Two centuries later these groups were displaced by Arab invaders from North Africa, who remained until expulsed in the second half of the 9th century, by Ferdinand I of León and Castile. In 960, the first document appeared that identified the region as \"Pene de Dono\", which was actually a transliteration of \"Penha ou Castelo de Dono\" (referring to a 10th-century lord's possession). This reference was actually a letter from a rich lady, the \"devoted\" Flâmula", "title": "Penedono" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "asymptotic de Sitter spacetime, it would actually be possible to smooth out, with energy–momentum that does satisfy the dominant energy condition, the singularity of the corresponding exact solution of negative mass Schwarzschild–de Sitter, which is the singular, exact solution of Einstein's equations with cosmological constant. In a subsequent article, Mbarek and Paranjape showed that it is in fact possible to obtain the required deformation through the introduction of the energy–momentum of a perfect fluid. Although no particles are known to have negative mass, physicists (primarily Hermann Bondi in 1957, William B. Bonnor in 1989, then Robert L. Forward) have been", "title": "Negative mass" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the village and nearby residents are one elementary and one middle public schools. Tap water supplies come from a cooperative, the \"Cooperativa Sierra de Los Padres\". The area became a special destination for those seeking meditation and relax. Sierra de los Padres Sierra de los Padres is a string of rocky hills and ridges about 14 miles west of Mar del Plata. They are part of the Tandilia's mountain range, actually a series of low hills extended from the central Buenos Aires Province to Cabo Corrientes, a cape on the shores of Mar del Plata. These peaks are barely", "title": "Sierra de los Padres" } ]

[ "Terra Australis" ]

[ "In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay. The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century, when each of the Ellice Islands was declared a British Protectorate by Captain Gibson of HMS Curacoa between 9 and 16 October 1892. The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916 as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and then as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1974." ]

[ "" ]

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[ 2.63533616065979, 0.4547630846500397, 0.2793292999267578, 0.30455416440963745, 0.00018191267736256123, 2.6347877979278564 ]

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the Near East" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "from the Middle East.\" According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the \"Ethio-Somali\". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "from the Middle East.\" According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the \"Ethio-Somali\". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn. Ancient DNA analysis indicates that this foundational ancestry in the Horn region is akin to that of the Neolithic farmers of the southern Levant. The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "researchers dub the \"Ethio-Somali\". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afroasiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into", "title": "Afroasiatic Urheimat" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alex van der Eb at Leiden University. In 1984 Bos started research on Ras mutations. In 1986 Bos became a lector at Leiden University. In 1991 he was appointed professor of physiological chemistry at Utrecht University. In 2013 the Dutch Cancer Society presented an international \"Dream Team\" on cancer research, the team was led by Bos and Hans Clevers. In 2015 Dutch newspaper \"de Volkskrant\" announced that Bos was the Dutch researcher who obtained most funds in the Netherlands during the previous ten years, obtaining over 31 million euro. Bos was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization", "title": "Hans Bos" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(four starts) for the Pirates, he was 1–0 with a 4.67 ERA. Brault began 2018 in Pittsburgh's bullpen but was moved into the starting rotation because of an injury to Joe Musgrove. However, after compiling a 5.54 ERA through five starts, he was moved into the bullpen. He ended the season with an ERA of 4.61 in 45 games (5 starts). He struck out 82 in innings. On June 19, 2018, Brault sang the National Anthem at PNC Park before the Pirates' next matchup against the Milwaukee Brewers. He had sung the National Anthem before games in the minor leagues,", "title": "Steven Brault" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "internal migration. These conditions were legally enshrined in the agreement on visa-free trips of citizens of 3 July 1997. The unlimited period was canceled 1 November 2002, and replaced by a 90-day limit. A protocol to the agreement of 2 February 2005 adjusted the list of accepted documents. Entry with internal passports was prohibited. Starting from 1 January 2014, for all foreigners, a limit of 90 days within any 180 day period was introduced. Armenia. Russia and Armenia signed an agreement on visa-free trips of citizens on 25 September 2000. Citizens of Armenia can be located on the territory of", "title": "Visa history of Russia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to improve. The year 1999 led to many innovations, including the first appearance of the UC Band at a professional football game in recent history when the Bengals celebrated their last game in Riverfront Stadium. Dr. Frenz would continue this relationship with the Bengals for many years to come. Also in 1999, the band welcomed assistant director Mr. David Martin, who would serve the band for over a decade. The same year, the Bearcat Bands was incorporated as its own independent Department under the Office of Student Life. In the Spring of 2000, the band was finally presented with a", "title": "University of Cincinnati Bearcat Bands" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with his MFA from Penn State, Lugo received word he had been selected as an Emerging Artist for the National Council on Education in Ceramic Arts 2015 conference, to be held in Providence Rhode Island. Lugo's deeply personal lecture, part spoken word performance, part sermon, electrified the crowd of nearly 5,000 attendees. His speech about how pottery saved his life, including the image of the phrase \"This machine kills hate\" painted onto his pottery wheel earned him an enthusiastic standing ovation. \"I want to take Roberto Lugo out of the equation for a moment, the individual. I am proud to", "title": "Roberto Lugo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalis in Denmark Somalis in Denmark are citizens and residents of Denmark who are of Somali descent. In 2018, analysis showed about 44% of Somalis in Denmark live in a parallel society. Most Somalis in Denmark emigrated from Somalia following the start of the Somali Civil War (1986-), in the period between 1995 and 2000. According to Statistics Denmark, as of 2017, there are a total 21,204 persons of Somali origin living in Denmark. Of those individuals, 11,832 are Somalia-born immigrants and 9,372 are descendants of Somalia-born persons. 8,852 individuals are citizens of Somalia (4,730 men, 4,122 women). As of", "title": "Somalis in Denmark" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in 2016. The 91 cases represented 7.6 per cent of all cases referred to the FMU, where Somalia had the third highest number of cases after Pakistan and Bangladesh. In 2011, the Council of Somali Organisations (CSO) was established to collectively represent Somali community institutions, to coordinate their activities, and improve their operational effectiveness. Prior to the establishment of the CSO, research had shown that the lack of a central organisation of Somalis enabling them to voice opinions had rendered them invisible to many policymakers. Somalis in London tend to exist in small communities that are scattered across the capital.", "title": "Somalis in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "gene pool, despite the large cultural impact of the Austronesian expansion. Approximately 5000 BCE, Haplogroup O-M119 coalesced at Sundaland and migrated northwards to as far as Taiwan, where O-M50 constitutes some 90% of the Aboriginal Y-DNA, being the main haplogroup that can be directly linked to the Austronesian expansion in phase 3 . A study by Li in 2008 concluded that in contrast to the Taiwan homeland hypothesis, Island Southeast Asians do not have a Taiwan origin based on their paternal lineages. According to their results, lineages within Maritime Southeast Asia did not originate from Taiwanese aborigines as linguistic studies", "title": "Haplogroup O-M119" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ethio telecom resumed messaging service in September 2007. Ethio telecom Ethio telecom, previously known as the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC), is an integrated telecommunications services provider in Ethiopia, providing internet and telephone services. Ethio telecom is owned by the Ethiopian government and maintains a monopoly over all telecommunication services in Ethiopia. Based in Addis Ababa, it is one of the \"Big-5\" group of state owned corporations in Ethiopia, along with Ethiopian Airlines, the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Ethio-Insurance, and the Ethiopian Shipping Lines. Ethio telecom was managed, on a management contract arrangement from 2010 to 2013 June, by France Télécom,", "title": "Ethio telecom" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Hodgson (Australian politician) John Hodgson (1799 – 2 August 1860) was an Australian politician, member of the Victorian Legislative Council and Mayor of Melbourne 1853–54. He died at his house in Kew of bronchitis. According to his great, great grand daughter, Hodgson was born at Studley, Wadworth, Yorkshire in 1799 to William and Mary Hodgson. The Re-member database puts his birthplace in the small west Yorkshire village of Wadsworth. Studley in Wadworth, and therefore its use in Melbourne, probably draws on the now World Heritage site of Studley Royal Park Yorkshire, famous for the gardens developed over a hundred", "title": "John Hodgson (Australian politician)" } ]

[ "the Near East" ]

[ "According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the \"Ethio-Somali\". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Ange-Félix Patassé" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "from GIBAFOR to establish a \"Conseil National Politique Provisoire de la République\" (Provisional National Political Council, CNPPR) and to set up a \"Mixed Electoral Commission\", which included representatives from all political parties. When a second round of elections were finally held in 1993, again with the help of the international community coordinated by GIBAFOR, Ange-Félix Patassé won in the second round of voting with 53% of the vote while Goumba won 45.6%. Patassé's party, the \"Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple Centrafricain\" (MLPC) or Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People, gained a simple but not an absolute", "title": "Central African Republic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to the surface to form deposits called Light Toned Deposits (LTD's). Some suggest present or fossilized life forms may be found there because the deposits are relatively young. Chasma In planetary geology, a chasma (\"plural\": chasmata) is a deep, elongated, steep-sided depression. As of January 2013, the IAU has named 118 such features in the Solar System, on Venus (63), Mars (24), Saturn's satellites Mimas (6), Tethys (2), Dione (8) and Rhea (5), and Uranus's satellites Ariel (7), Titania (2) and Oberon (1). An example is Eos Chasma on Mars. Below are images of some of the major chasmata of", "title": "Chasma" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "personal invention. Rather, their origins can be traced back to the southeastern part of the island that the Hova had left behind as they migrated into the central highlands. Astrology, for instance, had been introduced early to the island by way of trade contacts between coastal Malagasy communities and Arab seafarers. Similarly, archaeological evidence proves the existence of iron implements in Madagascar at least four centuries prior to the war between Andriamanelo and the Vazimba, suggesting that while the technology was not discovered during his reign, Andriamanelo may have been among the first sovereigns in Imerina to make wide-scale use", "title": "Andriamanelo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aboriginal Housing Office The NSW Aboriginal Housing Office (AHO) is a statutory authority within NSW Department of Family and Community Services in the Government of New South Wales that is responsible for the planning, development, delivery and evaluation of programs and services to support Aboriginal people in meeting their housing needs in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The authority was established pursuant to the and is led by its Chief Executive, presently Shane Hamilton, who reports to an independent Board that is ultimately responsible to the Minister for Family and Community Services, presently the Hon. Pru Goward MP.", "title": "Aboriginal Housing Office" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "down, creating the basis for the state of Hungary.\" In the following centuries, the Hungarians adopted western European forms of feudal military organization, including the predominant use of heavily armored cavalry. Hungarian invasions of Europe The Hungarian invasions of Europe (, ) took place in the ninth and tenth centuries, the period of transition in the history of Europe in the Early Middle Ages, when the territory of the former Carolingian Empire was threatened by invasion from multiple hostile forces, the Magyars (Hungarians) from the east, the Viking expansion from the north and the Arabs from the south. The Magyars", "title": "Hungarian invasions of Europe" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Gregory (number 248). The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3). The codex is housed at the Russian National Library (Gr.43) in Saint Petersburg. Lectionary 248 Lectionary 248, designated by siglum ℓ \"248\" (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century. The codex contains lessons from the Gospels lectionary (\"Evangelistarium\"). It contains texts of the Gospel of Luke and Matthew. The text is written in Greek large uncial", "title": "Lectionary 248" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the first Asian countries to allow voting rights to women over the age of 21 without any restrictions. Since then, women have enjoyed a significant presence in the Sri Lankan political arena. The zenith of this favourable condition to women has been the 1960 July General Elections, in which Ceylon elected the world's first woman Prime Minister, Sirimavo Bandaranaike. She is the world's first democratically elected female head of government. Her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga also became the Prime Minister later in 1994, and the same year she was elected as the Executive President of Sri Lanka, making her the", "title": "Women's suffrage" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "School. After the defeat of Yugoslavia in 1941, he returned to Skopje (then annexed by Bulgaria), where Gligorov worked as a lawyer until 1943. Afterwards he participated in the National Liberation War of Macedonia as a secretary of the Initiative committee for the organization of the Antifascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) and a finance commissioner in the Presidium of ASNOM. He served as Finance Minister of Yugoslavia from 1962 to 1967. After the promotion of parliamentary democracy in the country in 1990, he became the first democratically elected president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on", "title": "Kiro Gligorov" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the island. It resembled the anti-communist Smith Law passed in the United States. The U.S. Congress passed an act allowing Puerto Ricans to elect their governor, and the first elections under this act were held on November 2, 1948. Luis Muñoz Marín, president of the Puerto Rican Senate, successfully campaigned and became the first democratically elected Governor of the island on January 2, 1949. On July 4, 1950, President Harry S. Truman signed Public Act 600, which allowed Puerto Ricans to draft their own constitution establishing their own internal government structures; it also renamed the body politic as the", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "assembly) convened in Weimar, Ebert was elected as provisional president of the German Republic. He remained in that position after the new constitution came into force and was sworn in as \"Reichspräsident\" on 21 August 1919. He was Germany's first-ever democratically elected head of state, and was also the first commoner, the first socialist, the first civilian and the first person from a proletarian background to hold that position. In the whole time of the unified German Reich's existence from 1871 to 1945, he was also the only head of state who was unequivocally committed to democracy. One of Ebert's", "title": "Friedrich Ebert" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote since 1925. In France, the president was elected by the legislature from 1875 to 1954. The first presidential election of the Fifth Republic which elected Charles de Gaulle was the only presidential election where the winner was determined via an electoral college. The electoral college was replaced after the 1962 referendum, with direct elections by popular vote, using a Two-round system since 1965. In Spain, during the Second Republic period (1931-1936/39) the President was elected by an electoral college comprising the Parliament members and an equal number of democratically elected", "title": "Electoral college" } ]

[ "Ange-Félix Patassé" ]

[ "When a second round of elections were finally held in 1993, again with the help of the international community coordinated by GIBAFOR, Ange-Félix Patassé won in the second round of voting with 53% of the vote while Goumba won 45.6%. Patassé's party, the Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple Centrafricain (MLPC) or Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People, gained a simple but not an absolute majority of seats in parliament, which meant Patassé's party required coalition partners.[citation needed]" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Yang–Mills theories" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "between spin and statistics, have proved invaluable in explaining the quantum particle behavior of the Yang–Mills theories, for example, quantum chromodynamics and the electro-weak theory. He did work on all four of the forces of nature: electromagnetic, the weak force, the strong force and gravity. John and Mary Gribbin state in their book on Feynman that \"Nobody else has made such influential contributions to the investigation of all four of the interactions\". Partly as a way to bring publicity to progress in physics, Feynman offered $1,000 prizes for two of his challenges in nanotechnology; one was claimed by William McLellan", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "between spin and statistics, have proved invaluable in explaining the quantum particle behavior of the Yang–Mills theories, for example, quantum chromodynamics and the electro-weak theory. He did work on all four of the forces of nature: electromagnetic, the weak force, the strong force and gravity. John and Mary Gribbin state in their book on Feynman that \"Nobody else has made such influential contributions to the investigation of all four of the interactions\". Partly as a way to bring publicity to progress in physics, Feynman offered $1,000 prizes for two of his challenges in nanotechnology; one was claimed by William McLellan", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "own family when he was a child. Amaran gives refuge to Raja Varma's daughter Sivagaami (Bhanupriya) and they fall in love with each other. Amaran soon starts sparring with Perumal with deadly consequences to Amaran's adopted family. Sivagaami and a grievously injured Amaran escape to Goa, where they are taken care of by an underworld don Menon (Shammi Kapoor). Amaran continues to work for him for a while and gets married to Sivagaami. After a few years, he returns to Tamil Nadu to take on his sworn enemy and a bloody conflict ensues. During this conflict, Amaran's son gets killed", "title": "Amaran (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the continental championships (scheduled in mid-December), independent Campaccio races were not held in either 2006 or 2007. The men's race often features the top Kenyan and Italian runners, while the women's elite race attracts a greater variety of nationalities, particularly Europeans. Past winners on the men's side include world champions Paul Tergat, Kenenisa Bekele, Haile Gebrselassie and Eliud Kipchoge. The women's race has been won by world champions Jackline Maranga, Ingrid Kristiansen and Grete Waitz, as well as prominent marathoners Uta Pippig and Paula Radcliffe. Some of Italy's best runners have taken victory at the Campaccio, such as steeplechase world", "title": "Campaccio" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Limited\"', a Chinese company, to build Gishoma Thermal Power Station, under the supervision of an Indian firm, \"Punj Lloyd Limited\". The peat to fuel the power station would be extracted from the Gishoma marshes, close to where the power station is located. Peat Energy Company, a private Rwandan peat mining and supply company, contracted with EWSA to supply the raw material. After the construction contract had been awarded, it became clear that mistakes had been made in the design of the power station, the feasibility estimates and the sourcing of water needed for the power station to operate. It has", "title": "Gishoma Thermal Power Station" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sickles, whom he had originally gone to visit, and Sickles came and bailed him out. Post participated in balloon races including the Gordon Bennett races of 1906, 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911. He survived a number of aeronautic disasters including the rupture of the balloon “Conqueror” that he was flying in with A. Holland Forbes in the Gordon Bennett Race in Berlin in 1908. The balloon fell 4,775 feet and crashed through the roof of a house, but the men were unharmed. Post's best known ballooning achievement came when he served as aide to Alan Hawley in the 1910 Gordon", "title": "Augustus Post" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "fully equipped control cabin and two barrel type engine stands on four circular legs. Above the control cabin were the reservoirs of fuel and oil needed to \"run-in\" and test the new engines. Inside the control cabin an operative monitored a series of instruments, keeping a log of temperatures and pressures as each unit was brought gradually up to maximum rpm and run at this \"red-line\" speed for five minutes. The test schedule for each engine involved up to an hour to set up, then several hours to test-run and de-rig. From June 1942 Commonwealth representatives processed the compulsory acquisition", "title": "Allison Engine Testing Stands" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dean Mark Ingraham of the College of Letters and Science requesting his return to the university to teach in the coming academic year. His appointment was not extended when he did not commit to returning. In a talk given there several years later, Feynman quipped, \"It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me.\" As early as October 30, 1943, Bethe had written to the chairman of the physics department of his university, Cornell, to recommend that Feynman be hired. On February 28, 1944, this was endorsed by Robert Bacher, also", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and was assigned to the 10th U.S. Cavalry but served with the 9th U.S. Cavalry for a time before going back to the 10th. While at the Military Academy Bigelow met Henry Ossian Flipper a classmate who had been born a slave. Bigelow faced for the first time the racism then prevailing in America. His upbringing in Europe did not prepare him for such hatred. His efforts to explain what he saw in Europe only inflamed other racists. With subtle help from his peers, Flipper was the first \"negro\" to graduate from West Point. After the Civil War two regiments", "title": "John Bigelow Jr." }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "pioneering the field of quantum computing and introducing the concept of nanotechnology. He held the Richard C. Tolman professorship in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology. Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called \"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom\" and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, \"The Feynman Lectures on Physics\". Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiographical books \"Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!\" and \"What Do You Care What Other People Think?\" and books written about him such as \"Tuva or Bust!\"", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "observatory in northern Sweden. However, the warlike king did not consider this project important enough, but did appoint Swedenborg to be assessor-extraordinary on the Swedish Board of Mines (\"Bergskollegium\") in Stockholm. From 1716 to 1718, Swedenborg published a scientific periodical entitled \"Daedalus Hyperboreus\" (\"\"The Northern Daedalus\"\"), a record of mechanical and mathematical inventions and discoveries. One notable description was that of a flying machine, the same he had been sketching a few years earlier (see Flying Machine (Swedenborg)). In 1718, Swedenborg published an article that attempted to explain spiritual and mental events in terms of minute vibrations, or \"tremulations\". Upon", "title": "Emanuel Swedenborg" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "occasionally a 70's Peavey Classic combo amplifier. He Currently uses a Fender Hot Rod DeVille 410. Cox describes his mode of songwriting as 'automatic or stream-of-consciousness'. \"Usually I go into a sort of trance and I'll have five or six songs afterwards\", he said, speaking to Victoria Segal of \"Q\" in November 2010. \"What is interesting is seeing how the band adapts them and mutates them into the final product. Lots of accidents and primitive irrational things happen. It can be difficult trying to explain the process to a producer or engineer. They generally want to help you polish things", "title": "Bradford Cox" } ]

[ "Yang–Mills theories" ]

[ "After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovered then for gravity, \"ghosts\", which are \"particles\" in the interior of his diagrams that have the \"wrong\" connection between spin and statistics, have proved invaluable in explaining the quantum particle behavior of the Yang–Mills theories, for example, QCD and the electro-weak theory." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "right of return" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "international defense alliances, support for the independence of Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco from French rule, support for the Palestinian right of return, and the implementation of UN resolutions regarding the Arab–Israeli conflict. He succeeded in lobbying the attendees to pass resolutions on each of these issues, notably securing the strong support of China and India. Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the \"positive neutralism\" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo", "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of Palestinian refugees to Israel. In a compromise wording, it states that the League supports any negotiated settlement between Israel and Palestinians and does not mention the term \"right of return\". Although the Initiative was adopted unanimously, there was some debate on certain issues. The summit leaders faced stiff opposition from the government of Syria, which insisted on letting the Palestinians pursue armed resistance. It also objected to the use of the term \"normalization\" and insisted that any such offer was too generous to Israel. The government of Lebanon expressed concerns that some of its Palestinian refugees would try to", "title": "Arab Peace Initiative" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My Way Is My Decision My Way Is My Decision is the first single of Slovenian Alpine skier Tina Maze released in 2012. While in primary school, in addition to skiing, Maze also played piano. During preparations for the 2013 season she recorded her first song \"My Way Is My Decision\". She also blogged about the story on her trip into music. The news of Maze becoming a \"popstar\" or \"rockstar\" was a celebrity news in her country and she got some attention in foreign media too. The song \"My Way Is My Decision\" was produced by Raay, one of", "title": "My Way Is My Decision" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to include short films. Raven Davis's lineage stems from the Saulteaux Ojibwe Nation of Manitoba. The paternal heritage includes Scottish and Irish. Having a mother who is also an Ojibwe artist influenced the young Raven in childhood. Davis was raised in Toronto and attended Ryerson University and George Brown College. The artist is two-spirited and prefers gender-neutral pronouns. Davis speaks at schools and art venues, raising awareness around issues of gender, sexuality, and race. Raven Davis Raven Davis (born 1975) is an Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) Aboriginal artist and activist living in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Davis is a multimedia and mixed media", "title": "Raven Davis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Olympic test event in London, and won all of their group games, but were defeated in the second knockout round by the Brazilian team who went on to win the tournament. During the warm up to the Games, the pair played a demonstration match in Parliament Square, opposite the Houses of Parliament. Dampney and Mullin were awarded the host nation place for the beach volleyball at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where the events took place on Horse Guards Parade. They were the first British pair to compete in the sport at an Olympic Games. As of the", "title": "Zara Dampney" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to the Americas, where the descendents of Africans perpetuated the importance of being \"cool\". Itutu Itutu, which literally translates as \"cool\" from the Yoruba language, has been used by the Yoruba and more recently by Africanist art historians to describe the aesthetic that characterizes much Yoruba and some African-American art. An \"Itutu\" aesthetic includes the appearance of a calm, collected face that is found in much Yoruba sculpture. It has been suggested by Robert Farris Thompson of Yale University that Itutu is the origin of the American idea of the \"cool\". His 1973 article \"An Aesthetic of the Cool\" traces", "title": "Itutu" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and to describe his political views as \"verg[ing] on fascistic .. dressed up in tweed with a knowledge of the classics\". Counter to the Conservatives' U-turn on turning state schools into academies, Rees-Mogg is a proponent of academy-based education, reasoning that it gives schools more freedom from local education authorities to make decisions and cuts down on bureaucracy. While defending the list of Conservative candidates for the 2005 election he said that it would be foolish to disbar candidates who attended Oxford and Cambridge Universities – typically considered the most prestigious universities in the UK – from selection, saying that", "title": "Jacob Rees-Mogg" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "had preached undying loyalty to what he called Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) and promoted Jewish settlement there. But he did not annex the West Bank and Gaza to Israel after he took office, reflecting a recognition that absorbing the Palestinians could turn Israel into a bi-national state instead of a Jewish one. Yitzhak Shamir was a dedicated proponent of Greater Israel and as Israeli Prime Minister gave the settler movement funding and Israeli governmental legitimisation. In a May 1998 interview with ABC's John Miller, Osama bin Laden noted what he saw as \"Zionist plans for expansion of what", "title": "Greater Israel" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Golani Brigade engaged the Palestinians in heavy street combat, forcing many to withdraw to the western part of the Casbah, where they were attacked by the Paratroopers Brigade. The Palestinians in the Casbah were deployed in small squads, consisting of two to four men, with each squad in charge of a sector. Explosive charges were set between the alleys and shooting positions were taken. Nasser Badawi, an Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades commander, said \"We are waiting for the Israelis to get out of their armored vehicles and fight us on the ground\". The Paratroopers advanced by sending several small forces at", "title": "Battle of Nablus" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "reportedly shot in the stomach, while Mohammed Abu Halima (22) was shot dead with a bullet wound to the chest. Two youths, Othman Rami Halas and Muhammad Nasser Sharab were killed by Israeli live fire, the former near eastern Gaza City, the latter near in eastern Khan Younis. During the day's demonstrations, a further 68 to 200 Gazans were reportedly injured. An IDF officer was wounded by a hand grenade that was hurled at him by Palestinian assailants during clashes at the border fence. 2 Palestinians were killed in an Israeli airstrike and 4 Israelis were wounded by mortar fire", "title": "2018 Gaza border protests" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "pursue cooperation on a variety of topics. Joint economic cooperation between Israeli officials in Gilboa and Palestinian officials in Jenin has begun to have major results and benefits. In October 2009, a new project got underway promoting tourism and travel between the two areas. Major new business efforts and tourist attractions have been initiated in Jenin. The two regions are planning a joint industrial zone which would bridge the border. Palestinians would produce locally-made handicrafts and sell them through Gilboa to other regions of the world. Another possible project is a joint language center, where Israelis and Palestinians would teach", "title": "Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "as the politically motivated detentions of their relatives by the Palestinian Authority (PA). They were prevented from reaching the square when PA security forces used tear gas to disperse them. Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque ( \"Masjid Jamal 'Abd an-Nasser\") is the largest mosque in al-Bireh, in the central West Bank. Located in the Downtown district of the city, the mosque is named after the late Egyptian president and Arab leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. On March 14, 2002, the Israeli Army (IDF) took over the mosque and used its minaret for sniping, killing four Palestinians. On September", "title": "Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque" } ]

[ "right of return" ]

[ "Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the \"Final Communique\" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union. At Bandung Nasser sought a proclamation for the avoidance of international defense alliances, support for the independence of Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco from French rule, support for the Palestinian right of return, and the implementation of UN resolutions regarding the Arab–Israeli conflict. He succeeded in lobbying the attendees to pass resolutions on each of these issues, notably securing the strong support of China and India." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Liege" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and individual and which left behind the form that focused on strictness, discipline, the emphasis on defeating records, and focus on strength. Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano, was born on February 19, 1770 in Valencia and died on August 8, 1848 in Paris. He was a Spanish colonel, and the first person to introduce educative gymnastic in France. Jahn promoted the use of parallel bars, rings and high bars in international competition. The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included", "title": "Gymnastics" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to the original premises in Whitfield Street, part of London's Fitzrovia. D. Lewis Ltd and Lewis Leathers garments were always produced in England, initially in Watford or St Albans, and from 1958 to 1982, in Copperfield Rd, East London. In the 1970s, a small factory in Sheffield was also used. In 1982 all production was moved to Northampton, returning to London in 1993 where it remains until the present date. From the late 1950s Lewis Leathers advertised to motorcyclists and also in popular musical publications such as the \"NME\" and \"Melody Maker\". Lewis Leathers were also official suppliers to police", "title": "Lewis Leathers" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Afmadow District Afmadow is the oldest district in Lower Jubba of Somalia. It was first established as a town in 1896. It is occupied by one of the major Sub-clans of the wardey dir. The people in this district use livestock as their major economic activity, though the district has fertile land for farming. In comparison the proportion of people farming are few. It is a strategic district which shares borders with so many other districts in Somalia as well as the neighbouring country, Kenya. It is a centre of business. It is the district that hosts the most livestock", "title": "Afmadow District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "taking meals with the Führer. Hess was interested in music, enjoyed reading and loved to spend time hiking and climbing in the mountains with Ilse. He and his friend Albrecht Haushofer shared an interest in astrology, and Hess also was keen on clairvoyance and the occult. Hess continued to be interested in aviation. He won an air race in 1934, flying a BFW M.35 in a circuit around Zugspitze Mountain and returning to the airfield at Munich with a time of 29 minutes. He placed sixth of 29 participants in a similar race held the following year. With the outbreak", "title": "Rudolf Hess" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the landscape around it and identify waypoints nearby) and reused in other Ubisoft games, including \"Far Cry\", \"\" and \"Watch Dogs\". Other games that use this approach include \"\" and \"\". Games with open worlds typically give players infinite lives or continues, although games like \"Blaster Master\" force the player to start from the beginning should they die too many times. There is also a risk that players may get lost as they explore an open world; thus designers sometimes try to break the open world into manageable sections. Procedural generation refers to content generated algorithmically rather than manually, and", "title": "Open world" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Trenton, \"The Jersey Journal\", the \"South Jersey Times\",\"The Hunterdon County Democrat\", \"The Star-Gazette\", \"The Warren Reporter\", \"The Suburban News, Ledger Local, Ledger Somerset Observer, The Star-Gazette and The Washington Township Times\". It is owned by Advance Local, an organization which operates 10 local news and information sites in the U.S. The site was ranked by Alexa as 2,712th worldwide and 661st in the United States in May 2016. NJ.com's news reports are widely quoted by other news publications such as the \"New York Daily News\", the \"Chicago Tribune\", the \"Washington Post\", and other news organizations around the nation. NJ.com", "title": "NJ.com" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pleistodontes froggatti Pleistodontes froggatti is a species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with the Moreton Bay Fig, \"Ficus macrophylla\", the species it pollinates. Outside of Australia, populations have become established in Hawaii (where it was deliberately introduced) and New Zealand where it was either accidentally introduced or arrived by long-distance dispersal. \"Pleistodontes froggatti\" is a small wasp. Females are long with black, brown and reddish brown bodies. Males are in length, with yellow and orange bodies. The specific epithet, \"froggatti\", is in honour of Australian entomologist W. W. Froggatt. The first account", "title": "Pleistodontes froggatti" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "where art is shown. Fig is represented by Cristin Tierney Gallery in New York. Fig is the author of the books \"Inside the Painter's Studio\" and \"Inside the Artist's Studio,\" published by Princeton Architectural Press in 2009 and 2015, respectively. In complement to his artistic practice, both books document Fig's conversations with the artists he has interviewed, and include photographs of their studios. His sculptures and paintings of the interviewees' studios are also illustrated. Fig's most recent book, \"Inside the Artist's Studio\", provides insights into the lives and studios of several select contemporary artists, including Leonardo Drew, Kate Gilmore, Roxy", "title": "Joe Fig" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Parker about the treatment of visually impaired people which led to the formation of the Blind Integration Group. In the mid-1970s Armstrong pioneered workshops based on traditional styles of singing. She was an initiating member of the NVPN – Natural Voice Practitioners' Network, and \"The key figure behind the development of the network...\". She was a member of the Feminist Improvising Group (FIG), co-founded in 1977 by vocalist Maggie Nicols, bassoonist Lindsay Cooper, keyboardist Cathy Williams, cellist and bassist Georgina Born, and trumpeter Corinne Liensol. Armstrong collaborated within the accomplished FIG after 1978, and also with free jazz pianist", "title": "Frankie Armstrong" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Wade (actor) Michael Wade (October 30, 1944 – May 22, 2004) was a Canadian actor, writer and musician. Born in Avondale, Newfoundland, he founded Newfoundland's first Shakespeare company in 1984. A graduate of Memorial University of Newfoundland, he first published poetry in Harold Horwood's anthology \"Voices Underground\". In the early 1970s he formed the rock band Ash Wednesday with Drew McGillivray. He briefly moved to Los Angeles in the late 1970s, but by 1981 was back in St. John's, where his first play, \"The Fig Tree\", debuted with a cast that included Mary Walsh. His later plays included \"The", "title": "Michael Wade (actor)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lungs to become the intrapulmonary bronchi, which give off a set of parallel branches called ventrobronchi and, a little further on, an equivalent set of dorsobronchi (Fig. 16). The ends of the intrapulmonary bronchi discharge air into the posterior air sacs at the caudal end of the bird. Each pair of dorso-ventrobronchi is connected by a large number of parallel microscopic air capillaries (or parabronchi) where gas exchange occurs (Fig. 16). As the bird inhales, tracheal air flows through the intrapulmonary bronchi into the posterior air sacs, as well as into the \"dorso\"bronchi, but not into the \"ventro\"bronchi (Fig. 18).", "title": "Respiratory system" } ]

[ "Liege" ]

[ "The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first \"modern\" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "1890" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "went nowhere, as Britain preferred to stand in what it called \"splendid isolation.\" Nevertheless, a series of developments steadily improved their relations down to 1890, when Bismarck was pushed out by the aggressive Wilhelm II. Coming to power in 1888, the young Wilhelm dismissed Bismarck in 1890 and sought aggressively to increase Germany's influence in the world. Foreign policy was controlled by the erratic Kaiser, who played an increasingly-reckless hand and by the leadership of Friedrich von Holstein, a powerful civil servant in the Foreign Office. Wilhelm argued that a long-term coalition between France and Russia had to fall apart,", "title": "Germany–United Kingdom relations" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in government, working as a prosecutor in Mosbach und Mannheim. His career as a politician began in 1875, as a representative in the First Chamber of Baden; from 1878 to 1881 he was also a member of the Reichstag for the German Conservative Party and at first supported Bismarck, but then he undertook an oppositional stance towards Bismarck, after the latter turned towards the conservatives in 1879. From 1883 to 1890 Marschall von Bieberstein was the envoy of the Grand Duchy of Baden in Berlin, and participated in the fall of Bismarck in 1890. In 1890 he succeeded Herbert von", "title": "Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "anti-polonism, and warning of the ominous position Silesia was in with over 1 million Poles who could fight Germany \"within twenty four hour notice\". Citing the November Uprising of 1830–31, Bismarck introduced measures to limit freedoms of press and political representation that Poles enjoyed within the Empire. Bismarck forced the deportation of an estimated 30,000–40,000 Poles out of German territory in 1885, with a five-year ban on any Polish immigration back into Germany. Many Poles did return in 1890, when the ban was lifted, but others left for the United States during this time. Bismarck's anti-Catholic \"Kulturkampf\" policies aimed at", "title": "History of the Poles in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "but in the end supported him against the advice of his wife and his heir. While the \"Reichstag\", Germany's parliament, was elected by universal male suffrage, it did not have much control of government policy. Bismarck distrusted democracy and ruled through a strong, well-trained bureaucracy with power in the hands of a traditional Junker elite that consisted of the landed nobility in eastern Prussia. Under Wilhelm I, Bismarck largely controlled domestic and foreign affairs, until he was removed by the young Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890, at the age of seventy-five. Bismarck – a Junker himself – was strong-willed, outspoken", "title": "Otto von Bismarck" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Frankfurt am Main, where he gained a great reputation for the energy with which he dealt with social questions, especially that of the housing of the poor. This office also made him a member of the Prussian House of Lords. Probably owing to his early study of socialism, he was very ready to support the new social reforms of Bismarck. He was the chief agent in the reorganization of the National Liberal Party in 1887, in which year he entered the imperial Reichstag. After Bismarck's fall in 1890, he was chosen Prussian minister of finance, and held this post for", "title": "Johann von Miquel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Act 1993\", as amended in 2004, states that \"...an adoption order shall not be made otherwise than in favour of 2 people \"jointly\" (emphasis added), being a couple...\"married or not\", (emphasis added), have lived together in a domestic partnership for a period of not less than 3 years\", ensuring that same-sex couples can jointly adopt a child in the ACT. Under Part 15.4 of the \"Children and Young People Act 2008\", there is no prohibition to fostering children by a gay or lesbian person or couple. In November 2003, legislation known as the \"Parentage Act 2004\" passed into law by", "title": "LGBT rights in the Australian Capital Territory" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "free, separate TCP/IP stack for MorphOS 1 users. Sputnik is a port of the KHTML rendering engine, on which WebKit is also based. Sputnik is no longer being developed and was removed from later MorphOS 2 releases. MorphOS MorphOS is an AmigaOS-like computer operating system. It is a mixed proprietary and open source OS produced for the Pegasos PowerPC processor based computer, PowerUP accelerator equipped Amiga computers, and a series of Freescale development boards that use the Genesi firmware, including the Efika and mobileGT. Since MorphOS 2.4, Apple's Mac Mini G4 is supported as well, and with the release of", "title": "MorphOS" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with 83/5 before the MCC team rushed to their hotel to see the Rumble in the Jungle between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman. John Edrich led the team again against the 1973-74 Sheffield Shield champions Victoria under Ian Redpath, who won the toss and chose to bat. The MCG pitch proved to be as slow and flat at the Adelaide Oval and Victoria struggled to make 293/8 in 6½ hours. The wickets were shared around the English bowlers who struggled to dismiss the tailenders Ray Bright (53), Max Walker (23 not out) and Alan Thomson (11 not out), so in", "title": "MCC tour of Australia in 1974–75" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "senatorial debates, legislation, elections and war, and was held to be an ancient prerogative of Regal and patrician magistrates. Under the Republic, this right was extended to other magistrates. After 300 BC, plebeians could become augurs. The solicitation of formal auspices required the marking out of ritual space (\"auguraculum\") from within which the augurs observed the \"templum\", including the construction of an augural tent or hut (\"tabernaculum\"). There were three such sites in Rome: on the citadel (\"arx\"), on the Quirinal Hill, and on the Palatine Hill. Festus said that originally the \"auguraculum\" was in fact the \"arx\". It faced", "title": "Glossary of ancient Roman religion" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was obliged to retreat; but Lambert continued to harass the invaders till Cromwell came up from Wales and the Scottish army was destroyed in the three days' fighting at the Battle of Preston fought largely at Walton-le-Dale near Preston in Lancashire. After the battle Lambert's cavalry headed the chase, pursuing the defeated army, and finally surrounded it at Uttoxeter, where Hamilton surrendered to Lambert on 25 August 1648. Lambert then led the advance of Cromwell's army into Scotland, where he was left in charge on Cromwell's return. From December 1648 to March 1649 he was engaged in the successful siege", "title": "John Lambert (general)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "early in her career by Hall of Fame conditioner Bud Delp while racing for her breeder, Milton Polinger. She was bought by Mrs. Bertram Firestone following Polinger's death in the early fall of 1976. That death delayed her the first start of her career until late in the year. Mrs. Firestone turned the mare over to trainer Leroy Jolley. What A Summer did not start racing until near the end of her two-year-old season, when she broke her maiden at Philadelphia Park. Near the end of the year, she won an allowance race. She ended the year with two wins", "title": "What A Summer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "foreign minister, and his need for an utterly loyal man to run the \"Auswärtiges Amt\" when he was not around. Bismarck would not accept opinions contrary to his own, and only those diplomats who were devoted to him rose to high rank. However, Bismarck did greatly value accurate information, and as such diplomats tended to report what they believed to be the truth back to Berlin. Right from the start, the \"Auswärtiges Amt\" was very socially exclusive. To join, one needed a university degree, preferably in jurisprudence and needed to prove that one had a considerable private income. In 1880,", "title": "Federal Foreign Office" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the battle. The Bismarck Tribune The Bismarck Tribune is a daily newspaper with a weekly audience of 82,000 unique readers, printed daily in Bismarck, North Dakota. \"The Bismarck Tribune\" is owned by Lee Enterprises. It is the primary daily newspaper for south-central and southwest North Dakota. Founded in 1873 by Clement A. Lounsberry, the Bismarck Tribune published its first issue on July 11, 1873. The \"Tribune\"'s first claim to fame came in 1876, when the three-year-old paper published the first reports of George Custer's last stand at the Little Bighorn. Reporter Mark H. Kellogg accompanied Custer and his men and", "title": "The Bismarck Tribune" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 2, 1883, Ordway successfully moved the capital of Dakota Territory from Yankton to Bismarck with the assistance of Alexander McKenzie, an agent for the Northern Pacific Railway. In the fall of 1883, representatives of southern counties made further efforts to remove Ordway from office. He was indicted for corruption and President Chester A. Arthur replaced him with Gilbert A. Pierce in 1884. After leaving office, Ordway remained in Bismarck for a number of years because of investments. He lobbied for the Northern Pacific Railway and fought against separate statehood for the southern counties. During the 1890s, Ordway returned", "title": "Nehemiah G. Ordway" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the Bismarck wreckage under the sea. It is a rare and incredible look into a deeply significant piece of history. This is the first chance that people will have to have a glance into what the ship was like for the first time since its sinking over 60 years ago. Produced in partnership with The Discovery Channel, James Cameron and a crew of historians embarked on a trip to visit the wreckage of the German Battleship Bismarck, west of Brest, France. The trip was accompanied by several survivors of the incident who relived their journey along the way. The", "title": "Expedition: Bismarck" } ]

[ "1890" ]

[ "In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's \"Fourteen Points\" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in France's favour since the political parties striving for an autonomous Alsace or a connection to France accounted only for a small proportion of votes in the last Reichstag as well as in the local elections. The Alsatian autonomists who were pro French had won many votes in the more rural parts of the region and other towns since the annexation of the region by Germany in 1871. The movement started with the first election for the Reichstag; those elected were called \"les députés protestataires\", and until the fall of Bismarck in 1890, they were the only deputies elected by the Alsatians to the German parliament demanding the return of those territories to France. At the last Reichstag election in Strasbourg and its periphery, the clear winners were the Social Democrats; the city was the administrative capital of the region, was inhabited by many Germans appointed by the central government in Berlin and its flourishing economy attracted many Germans. This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg. After the war, many Germans left Strasbourg and went back to Germany; some of them were denounced by the locals or expelled by the newly appointed authorities. The Saverne Affair was vivid in the memory among the Alsatians." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "lecture" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "their journey in the \"craft\" by being progressively \"initiated, passed \"and\" raised\" into the three degrees of Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry. During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated. The initiations are part allegory and part lecture, and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon, and the artistry and death of his chief architect, Hiram Abiff. The degrees are those of \"Entered apprentice, Fellowcraft\" and \"Master Mason\". While many different versions of", "title": "Freemasonry" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "their journey in the \"craft\" by being progressively \"initiated, passed \"and\" raised\" into the three degrees of Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry. During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated. The initiations are part allegory and part lecture, and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon, and the artistry and death of his chief architect, Hiram Abiff. The degrees are those of \"Entered apprentice, Fellowcraft\" and \"Master Mason\". While many different versions of", "title": "Freemasonry" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "their founder. Koren played an active part in the Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Koren served as vice president of the Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (1871-1876) and was president of the Synod's Iowa District (1876- 1894). He was president of the synod from 1894 until his death in 1910. During his ministry, Koren wrote numerous publications addressing various issues of concern to the Lutheran religious community. His leadership ensured that Luther College moved to Decorah, Iowa in 1862 after an initial year in Wisconsin. Koren was also instrumental in purchasing the", "title": "U. V. Koren" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "professional examinations, was promoted on 11 January 1937. Kinkaid was then given his second seagoing command, the heavy cruiser . He assumed command from Captain Henry K. Hewitt on 7 June 1937. Kinkaid hoped his next assignment would be that of naval attaché to London, but that job went to Captain Alan G. Kirk. Kinkaid was offered and accepted the post in Rome instead. He took up his posting there in November 1938. In 1939, he was also accredited with the American embassy in Belgrade. Kinkaid reported that Italy was unprepared for war. Only in May 1940 did he warn", "title": "Thomas C. Kinkaid" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "analysis or differential equations, it is common for a function which contains a mathematical singularity to be referred to as a 'singular function'. This is especially true when referring to functions which diverge to infinity at a point or on a boundary. For example one might say, \"\"1/x\" becomes singular at the origin, so \"1/x\" is a singular function.\" Advanced techniques for working with functions that contain singularities have been developed in the subject called distributional or generalized function analysis. A weak derivative is defined that allows singular functions to be used in partial differential equations, etc. (**) This condition", "title": "Singular function" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Typhoon Clipper collided with the workboat Alison, resulting in the sinking of the workboat. No fatalities. A Policy Exchange report advocates significant expansion in river services on the Thames. The aim of the report is to lead to a \"river tube line\" being created which would lead to easing of current congestion on London's transport systems, and better quality of travel, at a significantly cheaper price than other options. Opponents note that the river capacity, especially at low tide could mean a reduction of tourist boats (especially at peak commuter times), and turn the Thames into urban highway which", "title": "Thames Clippers" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "walls were strong enough to withstand an earthquake. TEPCO noted that the building was safe, because these variations were all found in the outer walls, and the spent fuel pool was supported by pillars and other structures. On 16 March, the chairman of United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Gregory Jaczko, said in Congressional testimony that the NRC believed all of the water in the spent fuel pool had boiled dry. Japanese nuclear authorities and TEPCO contradicted this report, but later in the day Jaczko stood by his claim, saying it had been confirmed by sources in Japan. At 1pm", "title": "Fukushima Daiichi units 4, 5 and 6" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dodona's Grove Dodona's Grove (1640) is a historical allegory by James Howell, making extensive use of tree lore. This curiosity purports to be a history of Europe since the accession of James I of England put into an allegorical form in which the roles of the various kings, princes and nobles are taken by various trees. Its effect, however, is not quite what that would imply, as the tree-allegory remains on the level of the emblem, whereas the action demands if not people, then anthropomorphs convincingly capable of some sort of agency. Before the book is properly underway there is", "title": "Dodona's Grove" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "part of the secret organization Illuminati. He explained the song in a promotional video for Samsung, saying, \"No matter what religion you are, accept the other people's idea. Because, have you ever been to heaven? This song is toying with the idea of it being on Heaven or Hell on earth. My idea of being on Heaven is in your daughter's laughter. Hell could be if your child missing's for three minutes; you in three minutes of Hell.\" The song indulges in religious allegory, and is one of the few songs on \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\" that touches upon existential", "title": "Heaven (Jay-Z song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "also the title of the abbot of Datt Akhara in Ujjain. He hosts an international camp at the Kumbh Mela (the most recent being the Ardh Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 2007), as well as retreats, teachings, and initiations in India, and abroad. In 2007 he was part of the documentary \"India Trip\" by film-director Lev Victorov (Moscow). At the 2010 Kumbh Mela in Haridwar Rampuri was honored with a permanent seat in the Juna Akhara Council and given the title Antahrashtriya (trans. 'International') Mandal (trans. 'World Circle') ka Shri Mahant. He was interviewed in the 2013 National Geographic documentary on", "title": "Baba Rampuri" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "techniques. Every part of the forest has its own dance ritual. Many dances used for different things. They are performed by skilled dancers, who usually have gone through specific initiation. They are done for men initiations, healing, funerals, and keeping the community close together. In a dance, the dancers do structured improvisation. They know when and how to add or change a phrase or a beat. The most common voice technique is Jodel. It goes from the chest to the head. Jodel is often performed on syllables or sounds without any meaning. Using these chest and head voices, they are", "title": "Baka music" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A∴A∴ The A∴A∴ is a spiritual organization described in 1907 by occultist Aleister Crowley. Its members are dedicated to the advancement of humanity by perfection of the individual on every plane through a graded series of universal initiations. Its initiations are syncretic, unifying the essence of Theravada Buddhism with Vedantic yoga and ceremonial magic. The A∴A∴ applies what it describes as mystical and magical methods of spiritual attainment under the structure of the Qabalistic Tree of Life, and aims to research, practise, and teach \"scientific illuminism\". The A∴A∴ claims to have been present in all societies and epochs, although not", "title": "A∴A∴" } ]

[ "lecture" ]

[ "All Freemasons begin their journey in the \"craft\" by being progressively initiated, passed and raised into the three degrees of Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry. During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated. The initiations are part allegory and part lecture, and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon, and the artistry and death of his chief architect, Hiram Abiff. The degrees are those of Entered apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason. While many different versions of these rituals exist, with at least two different lodge layouts and versions of the Hiram myth, each version is recognisable to any Freemason from any jurisdiction." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a coat of arms from their distaff side, but this was tolerated and could not be passed on into the next generation. The brisure was rarely used. All children would inherit the coat of arms and title of their father. This partly accounts for the relatively large proportion of Polish families who had claim to a coat of arms by the 18th century. Another factor was the arrival of titled foreign settlers, especially from the German lands and the Habsburg Empire. Illegitimate children could adopt the mother's surname and title by the consent of the mother's father, but would sometimes", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "its director, reached back to the pre-war working-class bohemianism so perfectly captured by Graham Greene and Gerald Kersh\". The film was based on a 1958 television play written and directed by Ken Hughes which also featured Anthony Newley in the lead. Music for the film was composed by Kenny Graham; a soundtrack album did not appear at the time of the film's release, but one was later released by Trunk Records in 2013. The Small World of Sammy Lee The Small World of Sammy Lee is a 1963 British crime film written and directed by Ken Hughes and starring Anthony", "title": "The Small World of Sammy Lee" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Institute for the Study of Academic Racism. The Pioneer Fund was described by the \"Sunday Telegraph\" (March 12, 1989) as a \"neo-Nazi organization closely integrated with the far right in American politics.\" In 2003, the Southern Poverty Law Center listed the Pioneer Fund as a hate group, citing the fund's history, its funding of race and intelligence research, and its connections with racist individuals. The Center for New Community, a human rights advocacy organization, mentioned the Pioneer Fund in an article on their website. They characterize the Pioneer Fund as \"a white supremacist foundation that specializes in funding 'science' dedicated", "title": "Pioneer Fund" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of September 19, 2015, eight volumes have been released. Additionally, a \"yonkoma\" anthology was published by Medi Factory on October 23, 2014. The manga is licensed in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment. At the MF Bunko Summer School Festival 2013 event, Media Factory announced that an anime adaptation of \"Lord Marksman and Vanadis\" was green-lit for production. The 2014 MF Bunko Summer School Festival announced the cast and staff; it is produced by Satelight and directed by Tatsuo Sato with Kaito Ishikawa starring as Tigrevurmud Vorn and Haruka Tomatsu voicing Eleonora Viltaria. The 13-episode series, which covers the", "title": "Lord Marksman and Vanadis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Truckin' Turtles Truckin' Turtles is a supplement for the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness\" role-playing game. It was published by Palladium Books in 1989 and uses the Palladium Megaversal system. \"Truckin' Turtles\" was written by Jape Trostle, with a cover by Kevin Long and illustrations by Tom Baxa, and was published by Palladium Books in 1990 as a 48-page book. \"Truckin' Turtles\" is composed of six linked scenarios set in locations across America featuring ninjas, mutant animals, supervillains, and Neo-Nazis. \"Truckin' Turtles\" is largely a collection of adventure concepts that take the players across the United States, from", "title": "Truckin' Turtles" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "paese delle meraviglie\" (in English \"Dolcenera in Wonderland\") is clearly inspired by Lewis Carroll's novel \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\". Moreover, the cover of the album represents the singer with several body painting tattoos, representing characters from the popular novel, such as the White Rabbit, and related symbols, including the four French playing card suits and a clock. However, the title of the album was also inspired by Jeanette Winterson's book \"Written on the Body\", published in 1992: in an interview, Dolcenera explained that the book contains the sentence \"Love is Wonderland\" and, since the album is mostly about love, she", "title": "Dolcenera nel paese delle meraviglie" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "e.g. \"children dem\". Questions ending in \"is it?\" have the \"is it\" replaced with \"y be\" (\"i bee\"); e.g. Who is it? - \"Who y be?\" What is it? - \"Wha y be?\" Words used to intensify adjectives, such as \"very\" and \"extremely\", are rarely used. Instead, the adjective in question is repeated; for example: \"De gyul look bad bad\" - \"The girl looks very ugly.\" Alternatively, the phrase \"so tail\" is placed after the adjective to indicate a strong emphasis or intensification; for example: \"De gyul look bad so tail\" - \"The girl looks extremely ugly.\" A unique aspect", "title": "Saint Kitts Creole" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "used as an \"after cleaning\" correction factor. Because the first forty official copies are made of the same alloy as the IPK and are stored under similar conditions, periodic verifications using a large number of replicas—especially the national primary standards, which are rarely used—can convincingly demonstrate the stability of the IPK. What has become clear after the third periodic verification performed between 1988 and 1992 is that masses of the entire worldwide ensemble of prototypes have been slowly but inexorably diverging from each other. It is also clear that the mass of the IPK lost perhaps 50μg over the last", "title": "Kilogram" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "numbers of women sentenced into transportation. The upper floor of the first Parramatta Gaol was used from 1804 to provide a place of confinement and work for convict women spinning wool but they were rarely kept working beyond one o'clock and there were no cooking facilities. Because it provided employment for them, it became known as the Female Factory and this term continued to be used for all subsequent prisons for female convicts. Institutional use of the site commenced in 1818 when Governor Macquarie laid the foundation stone for what was called the Female Factory. As the use was established", "title": "Parramatta Female Factory and Institutions Precinct" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "also an important cultigen used for production of alcohol (pulque) and fiber (henequen). Although the Otomi Indians rarely eat what Westerners would consider a balanced diet, they maintain reasonably good health by eating tortillas, drinking pulque, and eating most fruits available around them. In 1943 to 1944, a report about a nutritional study about the Otomi villages located in the Mezquital Valley of Mexico, recorded that despite the arid climate and land unfit for agriculture without irrigation, the Otomi people chiefly depended on the production of maguey. Maguey (century plant) is used to produce weaving fibers and “pulque”, a fermented", "title": "Otomi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"reserve army of labour\". It was already being used by Friedrich Engels in his 1845 book \"The Condition of the Working Class in England\". What Marx did was theorize the reserve army of labour as a necessary part of the capitalist organization of work. Prior to what Marx regarded as the start of the capitalist era in human history (i.e. before the 16th century), structural unemployment on a mass scale rarely existed, other than that caused by natural disasters and wars. In ancient societies, all people who could work necessarily had to work, otherwise they would starve; and a slave", "title": "Reserve army of labour" } ]

[ "brisure" ]

[ "Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mexican holiday Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead), it combines aspects of many different cultural traditions. The first All Souls Procession was organized by local artist Susan Kay Johnson in 1990 and involved 35 participants; by 2013, participation was estimated at 50,000. The Procession, held at sundown, consists of a non-motorized parade through downtown Tucson featuring many floats, sculptures, and memorials, in which the community is encouraged to participate. The parade is followed by performances on an outdoor stage, culminating in the burning of an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators. The", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studio Stommeln with Wagener and Dieter Dierks, \"Breaking the Chains\" was initially released under the name \"Don Dokken\" before it was changed to simply Dokken on subsequent pressings. While in Germany, Don would also demo songs with the Scorpions for their \"Blackout\" album as the band's vocalist Klaus Meine was forced to undergo surgery on his vocal cords and his return was uncertain for a time. Dokken did eventually perform backing vocals on the album. Meanwhile, Lynch, Brown and Croucier ended up working as studio musicians for German singer Udo Lindenberg on his 1982 album \"Keule\", playing on four songs:", "title": "Dokken" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matt Lindland via TKO in the third round. In January 2013, it was revealed that Casey was a cast member of . He won his preliminary bout over Eldon Sproat via rear naked choke. Casey was selected by Sonnen as his sixth pick (eleventh overall). In the next round, Casey was pitted against Jones' fifth pick Collin Hart. He lost the bout via unanimous decision. Casey was then given a second chance when he was chosen as Team Sonnen's wildcard. He fought against Team Jones' Bubba McDaniel. Despite controlling the first round, Casey lost via TKO at the end of", "title": "Kevin Casey (fighter)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "event, was questioned. Geelani was granted bail on 19 March. A complaint was filed by lawyer Sunkari Janardhan Goud against \"Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal[,] Communist Party of India (Marxist) General Secretary Sitaram Yechury [...] Congress leaders Anand Sharma and Ajay Maken, Communist Party of India leader D. Raja, and Janata Dal (United) spokesperson KC Tyagi.\" According to Goud, \"Gandhi and other leaders visited Jawaharlal Nehru University despite knowing that Kumar had been charged with sedition and supported protesting JNU students.\" The branding of JNU students and academics as `anti-national' continued in March 2016. The Central", "title": "JNU sedition row" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "market was thought to exist. This was scaled back to ten after potential backers could not be found. Eventually 22 communities submitted formal bids to host an inaugural MLS franchise. The initial ten teams created were the Columbus Crew, D.C. United, the New England Revolution, the NY/NJ MetroStars (now New York Red Bulls), the Tampa Bay Mutiny, the Colorado Rapids, the Dallas Burn (now FC Dallas), the Kansas City Wiz (now Sporting Kansas City), the Los Angeles Galaxy and the San Jose Clash. While New York City and Los Angeles were awarded franchises, the next four largest American cities—Chicago, Houston,", "title": "Expansion of Major League Soccer" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to make the translation as true as possible without being overly verbose. To help translate the text, they posted the script in segments on internet forums, then later restricted access to the work due to quality concerns. During this time, they found several competent translators who were able to do the final 20% of script translation. It took several months for the entire process of extracting text, translation, then patching in the translated text to be completed. The patch ended up being quite large as the game designers had split the game into hundreds of different data archives and suitable", "title": "Fatal Frame: Mask of the Lunar Eclipse" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in the open air under the direction of Berlioz himself, leading the procession of musicians which ended at the Place de la Bastille. Jean-Pierre Montagny issued commemorative medals on the occasion. In the foundation, a columbarium was arranged to receive the remains of 615 victims of the July Revolution. A further 200 victims of the Revolution of 1848 were later interred in the space; the throne of Louis-Philippe was symbolically burned in the square, in July 1848. The \"Colonne de Juillet\" is composed of twenty-one cast bronze drums, weighing over ; it is high, containing an interior spiral staircase, and", "title": "July Column" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Procession at Seville and bullfighting scenes Procession at Seville and bullfighting Scenes is a non-fiction short film created by Auguste and Louis Lumière between 1898 and 1899. \"Procession at Seville and bullfighting scenes\" depicts the traditional Spanish Holy Week celebration, portraying Spain in the 19th century. This recording includes a traditional parade and bullfights in Spain, representing how this holiday was celebrated at the time. At the beginning, the short film shows the Procession Parade from the Christ of Sorrows. This celebration occurs during Holy Week in Seville which is celebrated one week before Easter. It includes decorated chariots that", "title": "Procession at Seville and bullfighting scenes" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in the 18th century. During the processions, the oarsmen were kept in rhythm by the beating of drums, with accompanying music. This traditional boat song was written by Prince Dhamma Dibes of the late Ayutthaya period. Most of the vessels in the procession doubled as warships, and when war erupted, the barges and boats would be used as instruments of battle. In 1767, Burma invaded Thailand, and, for the second and last time were able to capture the capital, Ayuttaya. Amid the destruction, the entire fleet was burned and destroyed, after the Burmese found them at their hideaway. General Taksin", "title": "Royal Barge Procession" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of emotion, tears and exaltation, in addition to testimonies of anguish from the faithful. Many of the poor followed the procession barefoot (owing to the poverty at the time), while the members of the nobility carried the statue in the direction of the Convent of Saint Andrew. This act was similar what to the Captain-Donatário and his entourage did in the early years of the procession: the high nobility and members of authority, in their finest clothes, followed or participated in the movement of the image throughout the streets. In reality, the procession lead a circuitous route stopping at the", "title": "Cult of Senhor Santo Cristo dos Milagres" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "developing nation. However, today, this irrigation network is no longer present, and peasants only get one rice crop a year. What has not changed is the planting of rice in fields as well as the survival value of rice. It is still the main source of income for peasants and the only currency used to bargain. They use the crops to pay for what they need, such as property rent for land to plant, and the rest is kept for the family to eat. At the end of the rice season, villagers celebrate by marching in a procession to the", "title": "Tonlé Sap" } ]

[ "an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators" ]

[ "The Procession, held at sundown, consists of a non-motorized parade through downtown Tucson featuring many floats, sculptures, and memorials, in which the community is encouraged to participate. The parade is followed by performances on an outdoor stage, culminating in the burning of an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators. The event is organized and funded by the non-profit arts organization Many Mouths One Stomach, with the assistance of many volunteers and donations from the public and local businesses." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Solidaridad Gallega" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to culture. The \"Rexurdimento\" focused on recovery of the Galician language as a vehicle of social and cultural expression. Among the writers associated with this movement are Rosalía de Castro, Manuel Murguía, Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro, and Eduardo Pondal. In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with \"Solidaridad Gallega\" (1907–1912) modeled on \"Solidaritat Catalana\" in Catalonia. Solidaridad Gallega failed, but in 1916 \"Irmandades da Fala\" (Brotherhood of the Language) developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationalist movement. Vicente Risco and Ramón Otero Pedrayo were outstanding cultural figures of this movement, and the", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to culture. The \"Rexurdimento\" focused on recovery of the Galician language as a vehicle of social and cultural expression. Among the writers associated with this movement are Rosalía de Castro, Manuel Murguía, Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro, and Eduardo Pondal. In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with \"Solidaridad Gallega\" (1907–1912) modeled on \"Solidaritat Catalana\" in Catalonia. Solidaridad Gallega failed, but in 1916 \"Irmandades da Fala\" (Brotherhood of the Language) developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationalist movement. Vicente Risco and Ramón Otero Pedrayo were outstanding cultural figures of this movement, and the", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Galicia in the 20th century The period of Solidaridad Gallega (\"Galician Solidarity\"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales, the parliament of Spain. The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala (\"Brothehoods of the Language\") began to appear to promote the Galician language. When they began to expand, the political idea of", "title": "Galicia in the 20th century" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "described by Méndez Ferrín) and the Galician Socialist Party (PSG, with X.M.Beiras and García Bodaño) was formed. Galicia in the 20th century The period of Solidaridad Gallega (\"Galician Solidarity\"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales, the parliament of Spain. The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala (\"Brothehoods of the Language\")", "title": "Galicia in the 20th century" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "instead, and he ordered Wang Yuankui to lead his soldiers through Tumen (土門, in modern Shijiazhuang) over the Taihang Mountains to support a counterattack by Hedong forces under the command of the officer Wang Feng (王逢). However, as Hedong forces under the eunuch monitor Lü Yizhong (呂義忠) quickly recaptured Hedong's capital Taiyuan and killed Yang, it appeared that Wang Yuankui never actually launched his forces over the Taihang Mountains. In fall 844, Pei Wen (裴問) the brother of Liu Congjian's wife Lady Pei, whom Liu Zhen had put in charge of the three Zhaoyi prefectures east of the Taihang Mountains", "title": "Wang Yuankui" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The customized guitars wree auctioned off at a \"Hot Stove Cool Music\" concert fund-raiser at Fenway Park. The two guitars raised a total of $12,000 for Theo Epstein's charity. First Act introduced a Paul Westerberg signature guitar, the PW58, featuring a plaid pickguard and a custom body shape designed in the Studio for Artists facility. First Act partnered with automaker Volkswagen for a 2006 promotional campaign to distribute \"GarageMaster\" guitars with selected vehicle models through the end of the year. The campaign ran from October 3 through December 31. GarageMaster guitars were available in white, red, and blue to those", "title": "First Act" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Voice\" as duo Midas Whale. In their audition, which broadcast on March 26, 2013, they performed the Johnny Cash song \"Folsom Prison Blues.\" All four judges pressed their \"I Want You\" button and turned their chairs. Lewis and Hayes chose to join Adam Levine's team. They were eliminated in the knockout rounds. As Midas Whale, Jon Peter Lewis released their first full-length album titled \"Sugar House\" on February 11, 2014. The album was produced by Stuart Maxfield and funded by fans via Kickstarter where they raised over $30,000. Track list Track list Jon Peter Lewis Jon Peter Lewis (born", "title": "Jon Peter Lewis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blindsight (film) Blindsight is a 2006 documentary film directed by Lucy Walker and produced by Sybil Robson Orr for Robson Entertainment. It premiered at 2006 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) in the category \"Real to Reel\". Set against the breathtaking backdrop of the Himalayas, Blindsight follows six Tibetan teenagers on their journey to climb the 23,000 foot Lhakpa Ri mountain in the shadow of Mount Everest. A dangerous journey soon becomes a seemingly impossible challenge made all the more remarkable by the fact that the teenagers are blind. The children are at times feared by their parents, scorned by villagers", "title": "Blindsight (film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "swampy terrain and enemy heavy artillery fire forced them to retire. The gunboats opened fire again, about 3 p.m. on May 1, causing some damage. Later, the boats' fire slackened and stopped altogether after dark. Sherman had received orders to land his troops at Milliken's Bend, so the gunboats returned to their anchorages at the mouth of the Yazoo. Battle of Snyder's Bluff The Battle of Snyder's Bluff or Snyder's Mill was fought from April 29 to May 1, 1863, during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Union forces under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman conducted a feint", "title": "Battle of Snyder's Bluff" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "its admiration of the Middle Ages, which was often reflected in art, and in Barcelona, the literary contest known as Floral Games (\"Jocs Florals\") was revived. In 1874, a coup by General Martínez Campos in Sagunto led to a restoration of the Bourbon dynasty in the person of Alfonso XII. A period of political stability, of repression of the workers movement, and of a slow growth in Catalan nationalist identity extended to the early years of the 20th century, when once again political opposition broke to the fore, especially republicanism and Catalan nationalism, but also class-based politics reflecting social tensions.", "title": "History of Catalonia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and adhered there to Bernard Shaw's Fabian Society. Musa's father died when Salama Musa was still a young child, leaving the family an inheritance that allowed them to live comfortably. Salama Musa received his elementary education in a Coptic school, but in 1903 he moved to Cairo to receive a secondary education. The Khedivial College where Musa attended was run like a military camp with harsh punishment for misbehavior dished out by the British instructors. In Cairo during the early 20th century there was rising anti-British sentiment rooted in the nationalist movement, and Qasim Amin's movement for the liberation of", "title": "Salama Moussa" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "co-operation. The origins of pan-Arabism are often attributed to Jurji Zaydan (1861–1914) and his Nahda (Revival) movement. He was one of the first intellectuals to espouse pan-Arabism as a cultural nationalist force. Zaydan had critical influence on acceptance of a modernized version of the Quranic Arabic language (Modern Standard Arabic) as the universal written and official language throughout the Arab world, instead of adoption of local dialects in the various countries. Zaydan wrote several articles during the early 20th century which emphasized that Arabic-speaking regions stretching from the Maghreb to Persian Gulf constitute one people with a shared national consciousness", "title": "Pan-Arabism" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bolivian National Congress, 1989–93 The Bolivian National Congress 1989–1993 was elected on 7 May 1989. MNR – Revolutionary Nationalist Movement PDB – Bolivian Democratic Party PCML (d) – Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist) (dissidents) MNRI-Siglo XX – Leftwing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement - 20th Century PS-Aponte – Socialist Party-Guillermo Aponte Burela AND – Nationalist Democratic Action PDC – Christian Democratic Party MIR – Revolutionary Left Movement PCML – Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist) MNR-V – Revolutionary Nationalist Movement-Vanguard IU – United Left MIR-BL – Revolutionary Left Movement- Free Bolivia PCB – Communist Party of Bolivia POR-U – Revolutionary Workers' Party-Unified PS-1-Velasco", "title": "Bolivian National Congress, 1989–93" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "condemnation of other sects as deficient or evil. Christian fundamentalism has been defined by George Marsden as the demand for a strict adherence to certain theological doctrines, in reaction against Modernist theology. The term was originally coined by its supporters to describe what they claimed were five specific classic theological beliefs of Christianity, and that developed into a Christian fundamentalist movement within the Protestant community of the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Fundamentalism as a movement arose in the United States, starting among conservative Presbyterian theologians at Princeton Theological Seminary in the late 19th century.", "title": "Fundamentalism" } ]

[ "Solidaridad Gallega" ]

[ "In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with Solidaridad Gallega (1907–1912) modeled on Solidaritat Catalana in Catalonia. Solidaridad Gallega failed, but in 1916 Irmandades da Fala (Brotherhood of the Language) developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationalist movement. Vicente Risco and Ramón Otero Pedrayo were outstanding cultural figures of this movement, and the magazine Nós ('Us'), founded 1920, its most notable cultural institution, Lois Peña Novo the outstanding political figure." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "academic motivation and performance" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly found in themselves. By utilizing these relationships, adolescents become more accepting of who they are becoming. Group norms and values are incorporated into an adolescent's own self-concept. Through developing new communication skills and reflecting upon those of their peers, as well as self-opinions and values, an adolescent can share and express emotions and other concerns without fear of rejection or judgment. Peer groups can have positive influences on an individual, such as on academic motivation and performance. However, while peers may facilitate social development for one another they may also hinder it.", "title": "Adolescence" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly found in themselves. By utilizing these relationships, adolescents become more accepting of who they are becoming. Group norms and values are incorporated into an adolescent's own self-concept. Through developing new communication skills and reflecting upon those of their peers, as well as self-opinions and values, an adolescent can share and express emotions and other concerns without fear of rejection or judgment. Peer groups can have positive influences on an individual, such as on academic motivation and performance. However, while peers may facilitate social development for one another they may also hinder it.", "title": "Adolescence" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "10 December, she departed Freetown as a member of Convoy ST 77, which arrived at Takoradi, Gold Coast on 15 December. She departed Takoradi on 26 December for Lagos, Nigeria, arriving two days later and departing on 30 December for Port Harcourt, where she arrived on 31 December. \"Empire Darwin\" departed Port Harcourt on 7 January 1944 for Lagos, where she arrived three days later. On 16 January, she sailed for Freetown, arriving on 23 January. She was a member of Convoy SL 148, which departed from Freetown on 1 February and rendezvoused with Convoy MKS 39 at sea on", "title": "SS Empire Darwin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in late Edo period Japan also were known to play the game. In English the sport is known by several names, \"hoop and stick,\" \"bowling hoops,\" or \"gird and cleek\" in Scotland, where the gird is the hoop and the cleek, the stick. In the west, around the end of the 19th century, the game was played by boys up to about twelve years of age. Hoops would at times have pairs of tin squares nailed to the inside of the circle, to jingle as the hoop was rolled. Up to a dozen such pairs of rattles might be placed", "title": "Hoop rolling" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the previous century faded as Baghdad emerged as a strong Jewish and economic center in its own right. The Jewish population has grown so rapidly that by 1884, there were 30,000 Jews in Baghdad and by 1900, 50,000, comprising over a quarter of the city's total population. Large-scale Jewish immigration from Kurdistan to Baghdad continued throughout this period. By the mid-19th century, the religious infrastructure of Baghdad grew to include a large yeshiva which trained up to sixty rabbis at time. Religious scholarship flourished in Baghdad, which produced great rabbis, such as Joseph Hayyim ben Eliahu Mazal-Tov, known as the", "title": "History of the Jews in Iraq" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a column for the \"Butte County Post\" (a South Dakota local weekly newspaper) that contained a joke widely criticized as a bigoted slur. The \"joke\" alleged that President Barack Obama was a Muslim terrorist, and cast 7-11 managers, Motel 6 managers, cab drivers, and customer service representatives as Muslim terrorists. As the controversy stirred and outrage grew, Olson refused to express regret for her words, saying the problem was that \"people don't have a sense of humor.\" She later denied being a racist, noting that \"the guy who sent it to me is married to a black lady...\" Betty Olson", "title": "Betty Olson" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anthony McDonald-Tipungwuti Anthony William Watson McDonald-Tipungwuti (born 22 April 1993) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing with the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted by Essendon with their second selection in the 2015 rookie draft. McDonald-Tipungwuti made his debut in Round 1 of the 2016 season against the Gold Coast Suns. McDonald-Tipungwuti was born and raised on the Tiwi Islands, off the coast of Darwin, into an Indigenous Australian family. He played his junior football for the Tiwi Bombers in the Northern Territory Football League before moving to Victoria at the age of", "title": "Anthony McDonald-Tipungwuti" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peer learning One of the most visible approaches to peer learning comes out of cognitive psychology, and is applied within a \"mainstream\" educational framework: \"Peer learning is an educational practice in which students interact with other students to attain educational goals.\" In this context, it can be compared to the practices that go by the name cooperative learning. However, other contemporary views on peer learning relax the constraints, and position \"peer-to-peer learning\" as a mode of \"learning for everyone, by everyone, about almost anything.\" Whether it takes place in a formal or informal learning context, in small groups or online,", "title": "Peer learning" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "relation to gender and sexuality, and have a different meaning of what is considered as \"normal\" depending on the situational construct. Another factor that contributes to situational gendered sexuality is culture and custom. For some nations, it is customary for men and women to behave in certain ways that are considered unacceptable elsewhere. Men holding hands in India is much more acceptable than in the West, and due to these cultural differences, the perception and reaction to sexuality amongst gender varies. Different sexual interactions will determine how much an individual is concerned with conforming to positive societal influences of gender.", "title": "Gendered sexuality" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "followed by the Phoenicians (between the 10th and 8th centuries BC) and the Greeks. The Greek-language influence remains strongly visible, while the influences from the other groups are less obvious. What can be stated with certainty is that in Sicilian remain pre-Indo-European words of an ancient Mediterranean origin, but one cannot be more precise than that: in fact, of the three main prehistoric groups, only the Sicels were known to be Indo-European with a degree of certainty, and their speech is likely to have been closely related to that of the Romans. The following table, listing words for \"twins\", illustrates", "title": "Sicilian language" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "goals has negative consequences. However, the effect of goals is not exclusive to one realm. Success in one's job can compensate for feelings of failure in one's personal life. The relationship between group goals and individual goals influences group performance; when goals are compatible there is a positive effect, but when goals are incompatible the effects can be detrimental to the group's performance. There is another factor at work in groups, and that is the sharing factor; a positive correlation exists between sharing information within the group and group performance. In the case of group goals, feedback needs to be", "title": "Goal setting" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "religiously and intellectually simplistic. According to Rachel Rosenthal, \"the post-denominational Jew refuses to be labeled or categorized in a religion that thrives on stereotypes. He has seen what the institutional branches of Judaism have to offer and believes that a better Judaism can be created.\" Such Jews might, out of necessity, affiliate with a synagogue associated with a particular movement, but their own personal Jewish ideology is often shaped by a variety of influences from more than one denomination. Jewish religious movements Jewish religious movements, sometimes called \"denominations\" or \"branches\", include different groups which have developed among Jews from ancient", "title": "Jewish religious movements" } ]

[ "academic motivation and performance" ]

[ "Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly found in themselves. By utilizing these relationships, adolescents become more accepting of who they are becoming. Group norms and values are incorporated into an adolescent’s own self-concept. Through developing new communication skills and reflecting upon those of their peers, as well as self-opinions and values, an adolescent can share and express emotions and other concerns without fear of rejection or judgment. Peer groups can have positive influences on an individual, such as on academic motivation and performance. However, while peers may facilitate social development for one another they may also hinder it. Peers can have negative influences, such as encouraging experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing through peer pressure. Susceptibility to peer pressure increases during early adolescence, peaks around age 14, and declines thereafter. Further evidence of peers hindering social development has been found in Spanish teenagers, where emotional (rather than solution-based) reactions to problems and emotional instability have been linked with physical aggression against peers. Both physical and relational aggression are linked to a vast number of enduring psychological difficulties, especially depression, as is social rejection. Because of this, bullied adolescents often develop problems that lead to further victimization. Bullied adolescents are both more likely to continued to be bullied and to bully others in the future. However, this relationship is less stable in cases of cyberbullying, a relatively new issue among adolescents." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "expansive and sang with joy" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh when Enkidu was introduced to the food and beer of Gilgamesh's people: \"Drink the beer, as is the custom of the land... He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!\" The Sumerians practiced similar irrigation techniques as those used in Egypt. American anthropologist Robert McCormick Adams says that irrigation development was associated with urbanization, and that 89% of the population lived in the cities. They grew barley, chickpeas, lentils, wheat, dates, onions, garlic, lettuce, leeks and mustard. Sumerians caught many fish", "title": "Sumer" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh when Enkidu was introduced to the food and beer of Gilgamesh's people: \"Drink the beer, as is the custom of the land... He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!\" The Sumerians practiced similar irrigation techniques as those used in Egypt. American anthropologist Robert McCormick Adams says that irrigation development was associated with urbanization, and that 89% of the population lived in the cities. They grew barley, chickpeas, lentils, wheat, dates, onions, garlic, lettuce, leeks and mustard. Sumerians caught many fish", "title": "Sumer" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Outback (along with the Ford Mondeo) won \"Top Gear\"'s \"Car of the Year\" award. As of the 2008 model year, the Legacy wagon and Outback sedan were discontinued in the United States, leaving only the Legacy sedan and Outback wagon models. The Outback wagon also received styling revisions for the 2008 model year, most notably an enlarged, chrome-ringed grille. Additionally, in July, 2008 Subaru ceased offering a special edition L.L. Bean trim level on the Outback. For 2008, the 2.5i USA model was certified PZEV emissions and a \"PZEV\" badge attached to the rear of the vehicle on the bottom", "title": "Subaru Legacy (fourth generation)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Potomac. Lee's army meets Grant's army in the bloody \"Battle of Frederick\". This book has Lee's army, fresh after defeating the Army of the Potomac at Gunpowder River, dealing with Grant's army of the Susquehanna as it marches through the Cumberland Valley and towards Virginia. Lee's army consists of three corps, two of Veteran Troops under James Longstreet and John Bell Hood. Longstreet's corps numbers around 15,000, with divisions under Allegheny Johnson, 4,000, Lafayette McLaws, 6,000, and Robert Rodes old division (Now under Pierce Doles), 5,000. His largest division under George Pickett is now much reduced since Gunpowder River,", "title": "Never Call Retreat: Lee and Grant: The Final Victory" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kundakka Mandakka Kundakka Mandakka is an Indian Tamil comedy film released in 2005, produced by SG Films. The movie is about Ilangovan aka Ilango (Parthiban), a middle-class youth who dreams to get his sister Kavitha (Mallika) married to a millionaire. He is very keen on becoming rich and falls in love with Roopa (Lakshmi Rai), daughter of a rich industrialist. Now and then, Ilango comes across Chellappa (Vadivelu), a petty thief, and takes him for a fun ride. A sequence of events makes Ilango realize that money is not everything in life. He, with Chellappa's help, finally works to get", "title": "Kundakka Mandakka" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "were later acquired by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (in the 1880s) and subsequently Conrail (1976) and the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT; 1984). SRNJ acquired operating rights to the Winslow-Vineland route, known as the Winslow Branch, from The Shore Fast Line, Inc. (SFLR) in 1991. (SFLR, a freight carrier, is not to be confused with the \"Shore Fast Line,\" an interurban passenger railroad that was operated by the Atlantic City and Shore Railroad from 1907 to 1948.) In the 1991 transaction SRNJ also obtained rights from SFLR to operate freight trains on of the Atlantic City Line", "title": "Southern Railroad of New Jersey" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the election, putting an end to a political crisis that had lasted since April 2009. On 30 May 2013 the Alliance for European Integration was succeeded by the Pro-European Coalition with Iurie Leancă becoming Prime Minister. In the November 2014 elections the pro-European parties maintained their majority in parliament. History of independent Moldova The following is timeline of the History of independent Moldova which started after the independence of Moldova. In the new political conditions created after 1985 by the glasnost policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev, in 1986, to support the perestroika (restructuring), a Democratic Movement of Moldova () was", "title": "History of independent Moldova" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Company in 1999. When Pabst opted to become a \"virtual brewer\" it sold the plant to Diageo just two years later. In 2008 Diageo sold it to the Boston Brewing Company, brewer of Samuel Adams beer. Pabst retained the license to Schaefer and today outsources a reformulated brew it labels \"Schaefer\" and sells in niche markets in the United States. The advertising slogan for Schaefer beer is the jingle \"Schaefer is the one beer to have when you're having more than one.\" An earlier advertising campaign from the 1950s asserted, \"What do you hear in the best of circles? Schaefer,", "title": "Schaefer Beer" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Chicago Fair. From 1909 Noke and fellow designers started to work on the design and production of what was to become the HN Series of figurines. These were first launched in 1913 with Bedtime (HN1), this was later changed to Darling after a comment, \"Isn't he a little Darling?\", from Queen Mary whose patronage helped to establish the series. It was from these beginnings that the vast range of Doulton figures can be found today. Noke is credited with some of Doultons most famous creations: Flambe Ware, Kings Ware, Series Ware and Character Jugs. Doulton's Flambe Ware is very", "title": "Charles Noke" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Ale (CAMRA) have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved. Until the early 19th century, beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in beer gardens and some other drinking establishments in Germany. Beer would be tapped directly from a barrel sat on a table, or kept in a separate taproom and brought out in jugs. Gin houses of this time had developed", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \"Affection\" and on \"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\". They were also featured on \"The Collection", "title": "What Did I Do to You?" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "have been discovered - agricultural implements, weapons, armour, jewelry, and so on. Archaeologists have also discovered stone and ceramic moulds for the casting of metal. The agricultural vessels appear in various types and sizes, with swollen or stretched trunks, and with design patterns such as chariots. Beer vessels with short necks and elongated trunks, clay censers, cheese-making vats, and jugs of various shapes have also been found. The jugs have been decorated with house fronts, geometric patterns, or leaf-shaped folds. Other items include lamps, cups, phials, interment urns, and medical karases with lids. Ceremonial (religious) vessels have been found in", "title": "Argishtikhinili (ancient city)" } ]

[ "expansive and sang with joy" ]

[ "The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh when Enkidu was introduced to the food and beer of Gilgamesh's people: \"Drink the beer, as is the custom of the land... He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!\"" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR's website. Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 AM IST. Sanskrit is one the 15 languages of the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India. The Central Board of Secondary Education of India (CBSE), along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes", "title": "Sanskrit" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR's website. Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 AM IST. Sanskrit is one the 15 languages of the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India. The Central Board of Secondary Education of India (CBSE), along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes", "title": "Sanskrit" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "it was postponed due to snow. Additional games were also postponed due to weather conditions. The team finally started their season on April 10, with a doubleheader against the Baltimore Orioles at Memorial Stadium. Source: Before a scheduled game with the Texas Rangers on May 1, the Red Sox held their first old-timers game at Fenway, marking 50-years of ownership by the Yawkey family. It was notable for the participation of 63-year-old Red Sox legend Ted Williams, who made a shoestring catch while playing the outfield. Other participants included Bobby Doerr, Boo Ferriss, Jackie Jensen, Bob Montgomery, Johnny Pesky, and", "title": "1982 Boston Red Sox season" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "budget request to Congress. Congressman Duncan D. Hunter (R-CA) wrote that the 55 LCS buy was made at the cost of 10 fewer amphibious vessels. Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, General Joseph Dunford said in 2011 that the LCS is one of the platforms under consideration to help close the gap in amphibious shipping. In August 2014, USS \"Coronado\" demonstrated the ability to rapidly stage and deploy Marine Corps ground units, including two Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadrons conducted day and night deck-landing qualifications. The \"Independence\"-class LCS' features of high speed, a large flight deck to support UH-1Y Venom", "title": "Littoral combat ship" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "at Hymir's head. \"Hymiskviða\" also recounts Thor's fishing for Jörmungandr, the Midgard serpent. Thor goes fishing with Hymir, using the head of Hymir's best ox for bait, and catches Jörmungandr, who then either breaks loose or, as told in the \"Gylfaginning\" of the \"Prose Edda\", is cut loose by Hymir. The \"Prose Edda\" provides the additional detail that while Thor was attempting to pull Jörmungandr in, his feet went through the bottom of the boat. This encounter between Thor and Jörmungandr seems to have been one of the most popular motifs in Norse art. Three picture stones have been linked", "title": "Hymir" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donald Cook (actor) Donald Cook (September 26, 1901 – October 1, 1961) was an American stage and film actor who had a prolific career in Pre-Code Hollywood films and on Broadway. Cook is perhaps best known for his film roles in \"The Public Enemy\" (1931), \"Safe in Hell\" (1931), \"Baby Face\" (1933), and \"Viva Villa!\" (1934), as well as for his stage role as David Naughton in \"Claudia\", which ran for a total of 722 performances on Broadway between 1941 and 1943. He was also one of the first actors to play Ellery Queen. Cook was born and raised in", "title": "Donald Cook (actor)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Naeem Hashmi Naeem Hashmi was a famous Pakistani film, television and stage actor, writer, poet, producer, and director in Pakistan. He was known for his roles as a villain in the late 1940s and 1950s, but he later took character roles in over 100 films. Naeem Hashmi was introduced to the film world in British India in film \"Chandani Chowk (1946)\". His first film in Pakistan was \"Ilzam (1953)\". His \"naats\", or lyrics and praises said for the Islamic prophet Muhammad, also earned him much fame. Peak of his professional career came, when he wrote the heart-warming lyrics of a", "title": "Naeem Hashmi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Academic grading in India Academic grading in India is based on a percentage system. In India, grading is different for different boards. The national board Central Board of Secondary Education uses a percentage system coupled with a positional grade that indicates the student's performance with respect to his/her peers. The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education board doesn't and gives only the mark obtained. State boards may give either or both marks and grades; if grades are given, most grade students linearly (eg: A+ for >90, A for 80-90 for Kerala state). Many colleges outside India favour CBSE and ICSE; those", "title": "Academic grading in India" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Higher Secondary Examination and in the same year the first batch of 10 + 2 appeared for the AISS Exam. The school is recognized by the Ministry of Education, State of Kuwait and is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi, India, for All India Secondary School Examination (Std. X) and All India Senior School Certificate Examination (Std. XII) The school changed its name to The Indian Community School Kuwait (ICSK) in June 2001 and is now managed by a Board of Trustees, whose members are Indian. The school has an alumni association known as the 'Association", "title": "Indian Community School (Kuwait)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and also helps in preserving the originals, as well as reprinting classics, such as the great Sanskrit scholar Anandaram Borooah's \"English-Sanskrit Dictionary, Ancient Geography of India, Namalinganushashana, Bhabhabhuti and His Place in Sanskrit Literature\", etc. and other such works, republished nearly a century after their first publication. The board has also worked on an Assamese Encyclopaedia. Among the most notable of the board's publications are the reproductions of Ahom and Shankari manuscripts. Also the Board published an influential magazine called \"Prakash\". It was also instrumental in reissuing several of the \"Jonaki\" magazine copies, along with another influential magazine \"Banhi\". The", "title": "History of Assamese literature" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baba Banda Bahadur Public School, Rohtak Baba Banda Bahadur Public School is a private secondary school in Rohtak, Haryana, India. It is a co-educational day school with around 700 students. The school is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The school has been operating officially under the trust/society Baba Banda Bahadur Sewa Samiti. It was founded in 1997. Baba Banda Bahadur Public School located in Rohtak, was established in the year 1996. The school is English medium Co-Educational school affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). This school provides education to 700+ students by 30+ teachers.", "title": "Baba Banda Bahadur Public School, Rohtak" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bhavan's Vidya Mandir, Poochatty Bhavan's Vidya Mandir, Poochatty is a private co-educational school located in Poochatty, Thrissur, Kerala, India. It is a part of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan trust and is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi. The school offers classes from kindergarten to junior college. In addition to the main campus, it also has a satellite campus in the city. Bhavan's Vidya Mandir, Poochatty was established in the year 1979. The school was approved by the Central Board of Secondary Education on October 7, 1985. During the early days, the school functioned from leased buildings, moving", "title": "Bhavan's Vidya Mandir, Poochatty" } ]

[ "alternative option" ]

[ "The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional gurukulas throughout India." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "were no longer able to appoint their own staff; this duty was assumed by the imperial court. Kings became nominal heads of their fiefs and collected a portion of tax revenues as their personal incomes. The kingdoms were never entirely abolished and existed throughout the remainder of Western and Eastern Han. To the north of China proper, the nomadic Xiongnu chieftain Modu Chanyu (r. 209–174 BC) conquered various tribes inhabiting the eastern portion of the Eurasian Steppe. By the end of his reign, he controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Tarim Basin, subjugating over twenty states east of Samarkand. Emperor Gaozu", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dresden Files short fiction Besides the novels of \"The Dresden Files\", author Jim Butcher has written several shorter works appearing in the same universe. Most are told from the point of view of Harry Dresden, as are the novels, but some take the point of view of other characters. While getting fitted for his role as best man to William Borden as the latter marries his long-time girlfriend Georgia, Harry Dresden discovers that Georgia has gone missing, and goes looking for her. With the help of Karrin Murphy, he manages to bring her back to the wedding, unconscious and", "title": "The Dresden Files short fiction" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "angles to reduce the arm twisting and soft outer bristles for massaging the gums. Toothpaste designed to be used on dogs is usually natural sugar free toothpaste with different flavoring. Foaming or rinsing is not necessary. Finishing touches can be added with finishing supplies, including perfumed sprays, ribbons and many other accessories. Flea control products are also part of grooming supplies. There is a wide variety of flea and tick control products that are applied to dogs while grooming. If ticks or fleas are found on the pet, they must be quickly removed and grooming is the perfect time to", "title": "Dog grooming" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was standard practice at the time. Some final details may have been painted by Whitman herself after the windows were installed. The church's rose window is mainly executed in red cathedral glass of varying hues. Its center includes faceted orange 'jewels' that lend an extra sense of dimension to the window. The floral-motif windows are designed in colored glass against a plain translucent background and represent biblically significant plants. Transparent glass in the church is exemplified by a round window with a floral design in lead tracery. (This simplified, highly linear approach to design is also a hallmark of Whitman's", "title": "Sarah W. Whitman" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "types of skin disease, and some mites infest other organs. Diagnosis of mite infestations can be difficult because of the small size of most mites, but understanding how mites are adapted to feed within to the structure of the skin is useful. The life-cycle of mites begins with eggs are laid on the vertebrate animal host or within the nest or environment of the host. From the egg hatches a larva, characterized by having three pairs of legs. The larva feeds on the host and molts to a nymph. The nymph is closely similar to the larva but has four", "title": "Mites of domestic animals" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "currently plays for Victoria Park Cricket Club in the Toronto and District league, but has not played for Canada since the 2003 World Cup. He did not participate in the 2007 World Cup. He currently works as a duty manager at Walmart Canada. Davis Joseph Davis Joseph (born July 31, 1963 in Grenada) is a Canadian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast medium pace bowler. A surprising tail-end batsman, he can occasionally stick it out at number ten for the team, while keeping up a powerful bowling attack. He was involved in the 2001 ICC Trophy", "title": "Davis Joseph" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Aragon, whom he was about to marry. During Henry's reign, a new class of landowner emerged; instead of estates being held by powerful feudal lords who were often a challenge to the sovereign, estates were now being granted to servants of the crown. Holders of high office were granted freehold land as a reward from the king, and they used their new property as a source of income. John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford, was given custody of the royal park at Kings Langley in 1538, one of many perquisites he accumulated at the court of Henry VIII. The", "title": "Kings Langley Palace" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in their fiefs. However, in 145 BC, after several insurrections by the kings, Emperor Jing removed the kings' rights to appoint officials whose salaries were higher than 400 bushels. The Imperial Counselors and Nine Ministers (excluding the Minister Coachman) of every kingdom were abolished, although the Chancellor was still appointed by the central government. With these reforms, kings were reduced to being nominal heads of their fiefs, gaining a personal income from only a portion of the taxes collected in their kingdom. Similarly, the officials in the administrative staff of a full marquess's fief were appointed by the central government.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The federal government raises revenue from personal income taxes and business taxes. Other taxes include the goods and services tax (General Service Tax), excise and customs duties. The federal government is the main source of income for state governments. As a result of state dependence on federal taxation revenue to meet decentralised expenditure responsibilities, Australia is said to have a vertical fiscal imbalance. Besides receipts of funds from the federal government, states and territories have their own taxes, in many cases as slightly different rates. State taxes commonly include payroll tax levied on businesses, a poker-machine tax on businesses that", "title": "Economy of Australia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "antisemites to lend credence to their allegation that the Jews worshiped an ass's head in the Temple (cf. Apion 2:80, 114, 120; Tacitus, Histories 5:4). Josephus' \"Judean Antiquities\" is a vital source for the history of the Intertestamental period and the Jewish war against Rome. Josephus also adds a short account of his personal life, \"Vita\", as an appendix to the \"Judean Antiquities\". The extant copies of this work, which all derive from Christian sources, contain two disputed passages about Jesus. The long one has come to be known as the \"Testimonium Flavianum\". If genuine, it is an early extrabiblical", "title": "Antiquities of the Jews" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of kings\", the source of the word's meaning may derive from \"meleke\"'s use in all the monumental tombs of Jerusalem. Israeli building stone authority Asher Shadmon cites the word as one of the local or colloquial \"mason's terms\" that have been \"adopted by geologists\" and are applied in the technical literature. Meleke is quarried from the Upper Turonian Stage of the Bina (Baana) Formation of Late Cretaceous age, a layer about 10 meters in thickness and about 90 million years old. When freshly cut, it is a pure white limestone. It may retain its white color for many years or", "title": "Meleke" } ]

[ "tax revenues" ]

[ "At the beginning of the Western Han dynasty, thirteen centrally controlled commanderies—including the capital region—existed in the western third of the empire, while the eastern two-thirds were divided into ten semi-autonomous kingdoms. To placate his prominent commanders from the war with Chu, Emperor Gaozu enfeoffed some of them as kings. By 157 BC, the Han court had replaced all of these kings with royal Liu family members, since the loyalty of non-relatives to the throne was questioned. After several insurrections by Han kings—the largest being the Rebellion of the Seven States in 154 BC—the imperial court enacted a series of reforms beginning in 145 BC limiting the size and power of these kingdoms and dividing their former territories into new centrally controlled commanderies. Kings were no longer able to appoint their own staff; this duty was assumed by the imperial court. Kings became nominal heads of their fiefs and collected a portion of tax revenues as their personal incomes. The kingdoms were never entirely abolished and existed throughout the remainder of Western and Eastern Han." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "his rival" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops. William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heir presumptive. Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. She objected on the grounds", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops. William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heir presumptive. Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. She objected on the grounds", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "first time in 2007–08; she also won the sprint and mass start disciplines. She finished the 2008–09 season fourth, winning the individual discipline that year. In the 2009–10 season, Neuner won the overall World Cup for a second time; by winning the pursuit and mass start scores as well, she has claimed each World Cup title at least once. In 2010–11, she won the sprint discipline for a second time and finished fifth in the season ranking. In her final World Cup season in 2011–12, Neuner won her third Overall World Cup title, as well as the sprint discipline. Over", "title": "Magdalena Neuner" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to take a six-point lead. Georgia did not quit, and with seconds left, had a one-point lead. UConn had the ball and set up a last-ditch play. The play broke down, but Barbara Turner, not known as a three-point shooter, hit a three pointer to put Connecticut up by two points with under two seconds to play. Georgia took a desperation, length of the court shot which bounced off the rim, and Connecticut held on to advance to the regional final. UConn head coach Geno Auriemma was quoted as saying, \"I told the guys in the locker room, there are", "title": "2006 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Royal Australian Air Force and assistant professor at the United States Air Force Academy, she completed her Doctor of Philosophy degree in industrial and organizational psychology from Pennsylvania State University. General Born's staff assignments include Assistant Director for Recruiting Research and Analysis in the Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy, aide to the Secretary of the Air Force and Deputy Chief of the Personnel Issues Team in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel. She commanded the 11th Mission Support Squadron at Bolling AFB, Washington, D.C., providing personnel, education and training, and", "title": "Dana H. Born" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of several travel and ethnographic works. His published works run into more than seven and a half thousand pages of print, and he left a further seven thousand pages of manuscripts. Some books were written under pseudonyms, including the History of Ceylon from 1913 as G. Francis, and under the pseudonym 'Pierre Courtenay' he published several books of adventure for young people. He was also accomplished in poetry. Ladislaus Michael Zaleski Wladyslaw Michal Bonifacy Zaleski (also called \"Vladislovas Mykolas Zaleskis\" in Lithuanian or \"Ladislao Michele Zaleski\" in English, 1852 – 1925) was a Catholic archbishop, pioneer missionary, Apostolic Delegate to", "title": "Ladislaus Michael Zaleski" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "closed in 1970. Many of the buildings in the Battle Monument area were abandoned in the 1960s, and eventually torn down. In the first half of the 20th century, while most of Trenton was segregated or defined by distinct ethnic neighborhoods, North Trenton was one of the few sections of the city where blacks, and whites of all ethnic backgrounds, lived together. North Trenton was regarded as a middle-class 'melting pot' peopled by a vibrant professional class which formed an important economic and cultural foundation for the city. After World War One, North Trenton became a magnet for Polish and", "title": "North Trenton, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "establishments keeping whales and dolphins (collectively known as cetaceans) for public entertainment purposes. They also released a poll, along with The Born Free Foundation, demonstrating that 86% of the public no longer wished to see cetaceans in captivity. On 29th July 2018, UK tour operator, Thomas Cook finally announced that they would stop selling trips to SeaWorld. In July 2013, Responsible Travel temporarily suspended 10 trips that involved volunteering at orphanages around the world for ethical reasons. The company was concerned that well-intentioned volunteers were fuelling a demand for ‘fake orphans’ – and children were being separated from their families", "title": "Responsibletravel.com" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Morang, Victoria South Morang is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 25 km north-east of Melbourne's central business district. Its local government area is the City of Whittlesea. At the 2016 Census, South Morang had a population of 24,060. Originally known as \"Morang South\", South Morang grew from a country area on the outskirts of Melbourne in the late 1990s/early 2000s to a suburban area with new estates being developed. Before the arrival of European explorers and farmers, the area now called South Morang was inhabited by the Wurundjeri balug and Wurundjeri Willam clans. In 1824, William Hovell and", "title": "South Morang, Victoria" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "man who was stabbed to death by another motorist on the M25 in a \"road rage\" incident, in front of his 17-year-old girlfriend. Kenneth Noye is found guilty of the murder. 1. The murder of Victoria Climbié; eight-year-old Victoria Climbie died in February 2000 following a campaign of horrendous abuse at the hands of her aunt and her aunt's partner in North London, where she was being raised by her relative under the wishes of her parents, who felt that she would have a better education in England than in her native Ivory Coast. 2. The Omagh Bombing; in August", "title": "Crimes That Shook Britain" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the reintroduction included hunters concerned that wolves would inhibit their ability to hunt the highest number of game species possible, ranchers concerned for the welfare of their animals, and land developers concerned that a species listed under the Endangered Species Act may restrict what they can do to their land. Plans for the reintroduction of grizzly bears to central Idaho have been proposed since the 1990s, but have not progressed because of concerns similar to those with the wolf reintroduction but also concerns for personal safety. The wilderness contains habitat for wolverines and the endangered Canada lynx, but no recent", "title": "Sawtooth Wilderness" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "six clans along the coast from the Werribee River, across the Mornington Peninsula, Western Port Bay to Wilsons Promontory. The Yalukit-willam referred to the Williamstown area as \"koort-boork-boork\", a term meaning \"clump of she-oaks\", literally \"She-oak, She-oak, many.\" The head of the Yalikut-willam tribe at the time of the arrival of the first white settlers was Benbow, who became one of John Batman's guides. The first European to arrive at the place now known as Williamstown was Acting-Lieutenant Robbins, who explored Point Gellibrand with his survey party in 1803. The mouth of the Yarra River was later inspected in May", "title": "Williamstown, Victoria" } ]

[ "his rival" ]

[ "In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops. William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heiress presumptive. Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. She objected on the grounds of the King's disapproval, but her mother dismissed his complaints as motivated by jealousy, and forced Victoria to continue the tours. At Ramsgate in October 1835, Victoria contracted a severe fever, which Conroy initially dismissed as a childish pretence. While Victoria was ill, Conroy and the Duchess unsuccessfully badgered her to make Conroy her private secretary. As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff. Once queen, she banned him from her presence, but he remained in her mother's household." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"inappropriate\" and \"damaging to the bilateral relations\" by Barış Burcu, the Turkish Cypriot presidential speaker, forcing Bulut to state that his words were manipulated and were to demonstrate the close relationship between the nations. In January 2011, \"The Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the question of Human Rights in Cyprus\" noted that the ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island \"... including freedom of movement, human rights pertaining to the question of missing persons, discrimination, the right to life, freedom of religion, and economic, social and", "title": "Northern Cyprus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to a United States Department of State Country Report of 2001, human rights were generally respected, although problems existed in terms of police activities, and the restriction of movement. In January 2011, \"The Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the question of Human Rights in Cyprus\" noted that the ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island \"... including freedom of movement, human rights pertaining to the question of missing persons, discrimination, the right to life, freedom of religion, and economic, social and cultural rights.\" Freedom House", "title": "Human rights in Northern Cyprus" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "each case only for specific missions. Alex Rider is described as a strikingly attractive 14-year-old boy, with fair hair, and a handsome, slender face, and an appealing expression that \"would attract plenty of girls\". He has serious dark-brown eyes and a slightly hard, narrow mouth. Alex is well-built and slim, and has a tan. He is also mentioned to have a birthmark on his left shoulder. He is very fit, being described as having \"the body of an athlete.\" Alex is 5' 7\" tall and weighs 140 lbs although this conflicts with the data presented in the film. He prefers", "title": "Alex Rider (character)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "AKB48 Group Shuffle, it was announced she would be transferred back to Team E. In AKB48's 2014 general elections, she placed 15th with 39,264 votes. Her future dream is to be a talent. On 26 August 2016, her graduation concert, titled \"\"Shibata Aya Sotsugyō Kanshasai: Demo Aya-chan Kara wa Sotsugyō Shimasen!\"\" was held at Zepp Nagoya. Her last theater performance was held at SKE48 Theater on August 31, 2016. Aya Shibata She started her career as an announcer after graduation from SKE48. Shibata passed SKE48's 4th generation auditions in September 2010. Her audition song was \"Stay with me\" by Kaoru", "title": "Aya Shibata" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "wrote that after his degrees and ordination, Blake had \"some petit employment in the church bestowed on him.\" William Lamont, a recent biographer of Blake makes clear this was in the Tamworth area, on the border between Staffordshire and Warwickshire. The Clergy of the Church of England database has entries showing his progress within the Church. He was ordained a priest well before he finished his university education by Thomas Morton, the Bishop of Lichfield on Christmas Eve, 1620, at Eccleshall, probably at Eccleshall Castle, an episcopal residence in Staffordshire. Although close to James VI and I, Morton was sympathetic", "title": "Thomas Blake (minister)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Starting Over (La Toya Jackson EP) Starting Over, also known by its working title Startin' Over, is a 2011 extended play by American singer La Toya Jackson. The EP contains two top twenty-five U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance Club hits; \"Just Wanna Dance\" and \"Free the World\". The autobiographical EP is described as the soundtrack to her memoir \"Starting Over\". Work on the album began in 2001 when Jackson was moved to write \"Free the World\" in the wake of the September 11 attacks. The song's positive reception spurred on Jackson to write more songs, ending up with a full album. The", "title": "Starting Over (La Toya Jackson EP)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the relationship between \"afferent\" and \"efferent\" : afferent connection arrives\" and an efferent connection exits\". Another mnemonic device used for remembering afferent and efferent (in terms of the spinal cord, with its dorsal/ventral organization) is SAME DAVE. Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent, Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent. Afferent and efferent are connected to affect and effect through their common Latin roots: Afferent nerves affect the subject, whereas efferent nerves allow the subject to effect change. Afferent nerve fiber Afferent nerve fibers refer to axonal projections that arrive at a particular region; as opposed to efferent projections that exit the region. These terms", "title": "Afferent nerve fiber" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "human suffering and to ensure the respect of fundamental human rights. The resolution goes on to request the Secretary-General to submit a report on the situation and that he continue to provide emergency UN humanitarian assistance to all populations on the island. The resolution closes by asking all parties, as a demonstration of good faith, to take steps which may promote comprehensive and successful negotiations and reiterated a call for all parties to cooperate fully with the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. United Nations Security Council Resolution 361 United Nations Security Council Resolution 361, adopted unanimously on 30 August", "title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 361" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "at all; they addressed only the simpler legal question of whether or not a claimant's rights under the ICESCR had been violated, and having found in all such cases that no violation had occurred, they were able to avoid the need to examine the question of incorporation. However, Lam observed (at para. 54): The \"Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor\", in an August 2012 submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in Hong Kong, pointed to Lam's ruling as an example which brought into question the Hong", "title": "Comilang v Commissioner of Registration" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council The United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council is the diplomatic representative of the United States to the United Nations Human Rights Council. The position is located within the United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations located at Geneva, Switzerland. A formal title for the position is United States Representative to the United Nations Human Rights Council, with rank of Ambassador. Up until 2006, the position was commonly known as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, as", "title": "United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British suppressed the riots, abolished the legislative council in Cyprus, and banned all political parties. At the end of the Second World War Britain rejected fresh demands for \"enosis\", offering concessions on home rule, or self-government, instead. In August 1954 Greece, which had previously avoided involvement in Cyprus because of its alliance with the United Kingdom, unsuccessfully sought to have the question of Cyprus’s status brought before the United Nations General Assembly. In the subsequent UN discussions, Turkey announced that it opposed a union of Cyprus with Greece and declared that if Britain withdrew from the island, control of Cyprus", "title": "Cyprus crisis (1955–64)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2006 secured 'A-status' accreditation from the peer review process of the International Coordinating Committee of NHRIs, giving it enhanced access to the United Nations human rights bodies. That status was subjected to special review twice by the ICC in 2007, and reaffirmed; it was again accorded A status under the ordinary review procedure in 2010. In the ICC annual meeting in March 2012, the Jordanian institution was elected as chair of the network of 99 institutions. The Commissioner General of the NCHR is Dr Mousa Burayzat. Jordan is a party to many human rights agreements, including: Jordan was the only", "title": "Human rights in Jordan" } ]

[ "ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island" ]

[ "In \"Freedom in the World 2011\", Freedom House rated Cyprus as \"free\". In January 2011, the Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the question of Human Rights in Cyprus noted that the ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island \"... including freedom of movement, human rights pertaining to the question of missing persons, discrimination, the right to life, freedom of religion, and economic, social and cultural rights.\" The constant focus on the division of the island can sometimes mask other human rights issues.[citation needed]" ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was established in 2010 with the aim to compete for the Google Lunar X Prize, and the following year it registered its team as TeamIndus. One of its co-founders was Rahul Narayan, who said in 2016 that the overall cost of the venture was expected to be US$75 million. In 2013, TeamIndus moved from Delhi to Bangalore due to the strategic location of the city. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is based in Bangalore which has also excellent aerospace companies that could help the team with building the lander and rover. L&T was helping by reviewing designs, and Rajiv", "title": "TeamIndus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "city of Salona just as in any part of Roman empire, until the fifth century when they were finally banned. The building was ellipsoidal in shape, with three floors on the south side and one floor on the north side, which was conveniently laid down on a natural hillside. Despite its relatively small size (125 by 100 meters outer shell and 65 by 40 meters the arena), Salonitan amphitheatre could have been occupied by 15,000 up to 18,000 spectators. The auditorium was divided into three tiers, the lower two with seats and the upper one for standing. In Diocletian's time", "title": "Salona" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "label Big Fish was executed. In March 2016, he was elected Best DJ Performer of 2015 by \"\" before David Guetta & DJ Snake. In June 2016, release of 'The Gifted One' in collaboration with Uhre on the label GL Music was executed. In July 2016, release of 'GOOF' on the label Big & Dirty was executed. In February 2017, release of 'Never Let You Go' on the label Warner/Parlophone was executed. As John Louly (before 2007): As Quentin Mosimann (after 2007): Every month, Quentin Mosimann publishes free podcasts on iTunes : \"House Bless You By Mosimann\", his mixes (Progressive-House", "title": "Quentin Mosimann" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to enter office. Autronius and Sulla were to install themselves as consuls, while Piso was to take possession of the provinces of Hispania. The plot failed when the Senate became suspicious and issued bodyguards to the incoming consuls. However, during Catiline’s trial for corruption when he was governor of Africa in 65 BC, he was supported by Torquatus, and an investigation undertaken by the consul into the circumstances of the aborted plot was inconclusive. In 64 BC, Torquatus obtained Macedonia as his allotted province and while there he was awarded the title of \"Imperator\" from the Senate upon the recommendation", "title": "Lucius Manlius Torquatus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "died suddenly on July 15, 1955, while on vacation in Visby, Gotland, Sweden; and was buried at the Lake View Cemetery in Jamestown. E. Herman Magnuson Earnest Herman Magnuson (October 9, 1894 – July 15, 1955) was an American politician from New York. He was born on October 9, 1894, in Halmstad, Sweden. The family emigrated to the United States in 1901, and settled in Wilcox, Pennsylvania. In 1907, they removed to Jamestown, Chautauqua County, New York. He engaged in the insurance business and entered politics as a Republican. Magnuson was a member of the New York State Assembly from", "title": "E. Herman Magnuson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "bagpipe) and aulos. It is also known The well-known Cretan music of the dominant folk instrument Cretan lyra on the island as the results of immigrant music; a three-stringed bowed instrument similar to the Byzantine Lyra. It is often accompanied by the askomandoura (a type of bagpipe) and the Cretan laouto (λαούτο). The earliest documented music on Crete comes from Ancient Greece. Cretan music like most traditional Greek, began as product of ancient and Byzantine inspirations. The Indian diaspora (and significant portion of other South Asian diaspora) enjoy Indian music, which includes Indian classical music and non-classical Indian music. The", "title": "Music of immigrant communities in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In this way, the Tirocchi family took an active, if quiet, role in supporting immigrant working-class people like themselves. Anna strove to create a close-knit network of care around her workers. While they worked long days, nobody was required to take their work home, which was a common practice in sweatshops and mills. The shop effectively functioned under the apprentice system. Promotions and raises came regularly with acquisition of skills and experience. Several of her longer-term workers started dressmaking businesses of their own. Anna took in her niece for a period of years while she attended a school close by.", "title": "A. & L. Tirocchi Gowns" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "structures of power and control that follow what Franklin sees as male patterns of hierarchy, authoritarianism, competition and exclusion. Female workers are often victims of these patterns. Mechanical sewing machines were introduced in 1851 with the promise that they would liberate women from household drudgery. But when the machines ended up in factory sweatshops to produce cheap clothing, the new technology was used to exploit female workers. \"A strictly prescriptive technology with the classic division of labour arose from the introduction of new, supposedly liberating 'domestic' machines,\" Franklin notes. \"In the subsequent evolution of the garment industry, much of the", "title": "Ursula Franklin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "who were willing to work longer for cheaper wages. They also often forced their children to work as well. This reliance on immigrant workers slowly turned the mills into what they were trying to avoid—a system that exploited the lower classes and made them permanently dependent on the low-paying mill jobs. By the 1850s, the Lowell system was considered a failed experiment and the mills began using more and more immigrant and child labor. In the 1890s, the South emerged as the center of U.S. textile manufacturing; not only was cotton grown locally in the South, it had fewer labor", "title": "Lowell Mills" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the immigrant workers was low and conditions poor in the New York sweatshops. Within a year, the young Zimmerman had helped to form a union local and had led a three-week strike of his fellows for better wages. In 1914, Zimmerman found himself laid off his job. He was taken to work by his uncle, a factory foreman in Astoria, where he was taught carpentry, a job which netted him just $5.80 per week after car fare was paid. After less than a year, Zimmerman again found himself unemployed, and he returned to work in the garment industry, working in", "title": "Charles S. Zimmerman" } ]

[ "undocumented" ]

[ "Though mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of benefits, and lack of worker representation. While most examples of such conditions are found in developing countries, clothes made in industrialized nations may also be manufactured similarly, often staffed by undocumented immigrants.[citation needed]" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Sykes–Picot Agreement" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and German Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement. This agreement was not divulged to the Sharif of Mecca, who the British had been encouraging to launch an Arab revolt against their Ottoman rulers, giving the impression that Britain was", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schaller Memorial Animal Care Facility. The Chris Schaller Trust Fund was created, in 1984, to defray his medical expenses. The \"Fund\" held a cocktail party at the Governor's Mansion and two boxing matches in his honor. Two years after his death, a group of friends and associates wanted to create a permanent memoriam for Schaller. They called their effort “The Campaign to Bust Schaller”, and commissioned sculptor Kristin Lothrop of Manchester. Mass. to create a bronze bust. The bust was unveiled in the old senate chambers of the Nevada State Capitol Building on May 19, 1986. In attendance were the", "title": "Chris Schaller" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black Diamond, Washington Black Diamond is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 4,151 at the 2010 census. Based on per capita income, one of the more reliable measures of affluence, Black Diamond ranks 64th of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked. Black Diamond was officially incorporated on February 19, 1959. Beginning in the 1880s Black Diamond was a rural coal mining area, developed by the Black Diamond Coal Mining Company of California, which owned and operated the mine. The original residents were largely composed of former workers, from the company's previous", "title": "Black Diamond, Washington" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Satyros I Satyros I (died 389 BC) also known as Satyrus (Greek:Σάτυρος A') was the Spartocid ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom from 432 BC to 389 BC. During his rule he built upon the expansive foreign policy of his father, Spartokos I. He conquered Nymphaion, became involved in the political developments of the neighbouring Sindike kingdom and laid siege to the city of Theodosia, which was a serious commercial rival because of its ice-free port and proximity to the grain fields of eastern Crimea. He presided over a strengthening of ties with Athens, and at one point possibly had a", "title": "Satyros I" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sunny Thomas Sunny Thomas is a former Indian national shooting champion in the rifle open sight event from Kerala. He was the coach of Indian shooting team for 19 years from 1993 to 2012. India won 108 gold,74 silver and 53 bronze medals from various tournaments including the World Championships, Olympics and the Asian Games during his stint. He received the Dronacharya Award in 2001. He was a Professor of English language in St. Stephen's College, Uzhavoor,Kottayam district and became a full time shooting coach after his retirement.He is married to Josamma Sunny,a Professor of Botany from the same college", "title": "Sunny Thomas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "as well as from historical sites along the way such as the Morris Canal. The current alignment of Route 57 was designated as a part of pre-1927 Route 12 in 1917. In 1927, Route 24 was designated along this route between the Phillipsburg area and Penwell in Mansfield Township while a spur of Route 24 called Route S24 replaced pre-1927 Route 12 between Penwell and US 46 in Hackettstown. When New Jersey renumbered its state highways in 1953, the portion of Route S24 between Penwell and CR 517 in Hackettstown became a part of Route 24 to complete a gap", "title": "New Jersey Route 57" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samoa–United States relations Samoa – United States relations are bilateral relations between Samoa and the United States. Relations are considered cordial and warm. Since 1967, the United States has supported a substantial Peace Corps program in Samoa. Over 1,700 Peace Corps Volunteers have served in Samoa over that time, with 30 Volunteers currently in-country. The Peace Corps program emphasizes English literacy at the primary school level. Other forms of U.S. assistance to Samoa are limited. The U.S. Embassy, staffed by a single officer, is the smallest Embassy in Samoa and one of the few one-officer U.S. Embassies in the world.", "title": "Samoa–United States relations" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the election. Outgoing Governor Togiola Tulafono endorsed his Lieutenant Governor, Faoa Aitofele Sunia, for Governor in the six-way election. Due to no candidate receiving more than 50% of the vote, a runoff election was held. 2012 American Samoa gubernatorial election The 2012 American Samoa gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2012, for the open gubernatorial seat of American Samoa. The election coincides with the larger United States presidential elections, United States general elections and the American Samoa general election. Since no candidate received a majority of the vote on November 6, a runoff election was held on Tuesday, November", "title": "2012 American Samoa gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred John Tattersall Alfred James Tattersall (1866 – 1951) was a New Zealand photographer who lived in Samoa for most of his life and contributed a significant collection of images of the Pacific Island country and its peoples during the colonial era. Tattersall moved to Samoa in 1886 to work as an assistant in the studio of J. Davis. When Davis died in 1893 Tattersall over his studio and negative collection. He went on to live in Samoa from 1886 to 1951, including the volatile era when Britain, Germany and the United States were vying for control of the Samoa", "title": "Alfred John Tattersall" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to a second term. In November 2014, Radewagen defeated 10-term incumbent Democratic Rep. Eni Faleomavaega in a crowded race for the seat. Five candidates filed to run for election to American Samoa's lone seat in the United States House of Representatives: three women and two men. All elections in American Samoa were officially non-partisan, though candidates have identified with a particular political party. A congressional campaign forum, attended by all five candidates, was held at American Samoa Community College (ASCC) on October 6, 2016. The general election took place on November 8, 2016, and Radewagen won with over 75% of", "title": "2016 United States House of Representatives election in American Samoa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nukai Peniamina Nukai Peniamina was a Niuean who brought Christianity to the island of Niue in 1846. In 1830, the London Missionary Society took two local boys (Uea and Niumaga) away from the island and attempted to convert them. When they returned, they were no longer accepted and Uea was killed. Niumaga soon decided to leave for Samoa with his friend; Nukai Peniamina. There, Peniamina began to work as servant for Dr. George Turner, a Welsh missionary. Nukai learned to read and write and was converted to Christianity, subsequently being trained as a pastor in Malua Theological College in Samoa.", "title": "Nukai Peniamina" } ]

[ "Sykes–Picot Agreement" ]

[ "Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement. This agreement was not divulged to the Sharif of Mecca, who the British had been encouraging to launch an Arab revolt against their Ottoman rulers, giving the impression that Britain was supporting the creation of an independent Arab state." ]

[ "" ]

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[ 1.2872039079666138, 0.5140224099159241, 0.21999932825565338, 0.0003563730278983712, 2.9546282291412354 ]

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "nearly 10,000 people" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary. Between 1926 and 1959 the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan's population grew from less than 1% to 13%. Bobojon Ghafurov, Tajikistan's First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1946–1956 was the only Tajikistani politician of significance outside of the country during the Soviet Era. He was followed in office", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "arrived from stations throughout the Pacific Northwest and more heavy equipment became available, the fire lines were widened and extended all along the perimeter. While the fire threatened some important archaeological sites, the size of the fire did not grow much over the weekend. This was due to a shift in the wind that pushed the fire back into burned out areas, allowing firefighters to get in front of the fire and finish their lines. During this period, the number of firefighter on scene grew to over 400. The Bureau of Land Management estimated the fire was 60 percent contained.", "title": "Cinder Butte Fire" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "feat which has never since been repeated. He set new world records for the 1500 m and the 5000 m with just an hour between the races, and took gold medals in both distances in less than two hours at the 1924 Olympics. Seemingly unaffected by the Paris heat wave, Nurmi won all his races and returned home with five gold medals, although he was frustrated that Finnish officials had refused to enter him for the 10,000 m. Struggling with injuries and motivation issues after his exhaustive U.S. tour in 1925, Nurmi found his long-time rivals Ville Ritola and Edvin", "title": "Paavo Nurmi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Notre Dame to teach in the town. First known as the Convent School of Infant Jesus, it was chartered by the state in 1873 as the Saint Mary Institute. When the Quincy College Academy closed, the boys were given temporary acceptance to Notre Dame with the idea that a new boys' academy would be established. They actually ended up staying from 1940 until 1959, when Christian Brothers High School was formed (which changed names again in 1970 to Catholic Boys High School). In 1976 the schools re-merged and became the current Notre Dame High School. Annually, about 98% of", "title": "Quincy Notre Dame High School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "not wish to become chairman, accepting instead the vice-chairman position, and the Savoy board elected Wontner, the first person to combine the roles of chairman and managing director since the Savoy's founder, Richard D'Oyly Carte. Wontner remained managing director until 1979 and chairman until 1984, and he was president thereafter until 1992. To mark Queen Elizabeth II's coronation on 2 June 1953, the hotel hosted the Savoy Coronation Ball, attended by 1,400 people, including Hollywood stars, royalty and other notables, who paid 12 guineas (equivalent to £ as of ), each. Sixteen Yeomen Warders from the Tower of London lined", "title": "Savoy Hotel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in its collapsed form attached to the outside of a balloon catheter. Outside the US, physicians may perform \"direct stenting\", where the stent is threaded through the lesion and expanded. Common practice in the US is to predilate the blockage before delivering the stent. Predilation is accomplished by threading the lesion with an ordinary balloon catheter and expanding it to the vessel's original diameter. The physician withdraws this catheter and threads the stent on its balloon catheter through the lesion. The physician expands the balloon, which deforms the metal stent to its expanded size. The cardiologist may \"customize\" the fit", "title": "Coronary stent" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clement had no means to enforce his protest and the expulsion took place as planned. In New Spain, the Jesuits had actively evangelized the Indians on the northern frontier. But their main activity involved educating elite \"criollo\" (American-born Spanish) men, many of whom themselves became Jesuits. Of the 678 Jesuits expelled from Mexico, 75% were Mexican-born. In late June 1767, Spanish soldiers removed the Jesuits from their 16 missions and 32 stations in Mexico. No Jesuit, no matter how old or ill, could be excepted from the king's decree. Many died on the trek along the cactus-studded trail to the", "title": "Suppression of the Society of Jesus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "became known as \"the day the clowns cried.\" While many people burned to death, many others died as a result of the ensuing chaos. Sources and investigators differ on how many people were killed and injured. Various people and organizations say it was 167, 168, or 169 persons (the 168 figure is usually based on official tallies that included a collection of body parts that were listed as a \"victim\") with official treated injury estimates running over 700 people. The number of actual injuries is believed to be higher than those figures, since many people were seen that day heading", "title": "Hartford circus fire" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "first to Stavropol, and then to Rostov in southeastern Ukraine, near the Crimea, but then all were sent on to camps and special settlements in Kazakhstan. Given only three or four hours to pack, the deportees were not told where they were going, how long they would stay there, or how much food to take. The result was starvation for many and, due to the confusion, the separation of many families. In all, perhaps as many as 60,000 ethnic Germans were expelled from the Crimean peninsula alone at this time. Other parts of Southern Russian were also affected. Although the", "title": "Black Sea Germans" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "called \"Albanian Mandela\"), who was re-convicted in prison for his literary anticommunist work, as the dissident Bilal Xhaferri who was expelled, exiled in communist gulags and forced to flee to the U.S., as Vilson Blloshmi who was shot and how many others who were persecuted in thousands ways. Some, like the poet Xhevahir Spahiu, Dritëro Agolli or Ismail Kadare, survived. Some members of ALWA, part of communist censorship with their reviews have affected to ban dissident literature and art and have encouraged prosecution and persecution of dissident authors, but there were periods that they have supported and encouraged young talent.", "title": "Albanian League of Writers and Artists" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the years to follow, many men were expelled from Warangesda and possibly an equal number of children were removed to institutions. The population of Warangesda was so reduced by 1924 that the Board was able to close it down and hand it back to the Lands Department as a rural lease. Within ten years of the manager being issued with pistol and handcuffs, the people of Warangesda had been expelled, the contents of their mission auctioned off, and the land offered to new settlers. By this time most of the residents had moved to riverside camps and to the reserve,", "title": "Warangesda Aboriginal Mission" } ]

[ "nearly 10,000 people" ]

[ "Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary. Between 1926 and 1959 the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan's population grew from less than 1% to 13%. Bobojon Ghafurov, Tajikistan's First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1946–1956 was the only Tajikistani politician of significance outside of the country during the Soviet Era. He was followed in office by Tursun Uljabayev (1956–61), Jabbor Rasulov (1961–1982), and Rahmon Nabiyev (1982–1985, 1991–1992)." ]

[ "" ]

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