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maturity onset diabetes of the young ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุฏูŠ
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initial success in the search for ุฏูŠุงุจุงุช ูˆ genes
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was seen in maturity onset diabetes of the young
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ุฌุงุญ ููŠ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„
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genes ูˆ ุงู„ diabetes ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† rare group of
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disorders characterized by non-ketotic diabetes
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู€ Type 2 diabetes mellitus ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูŠ ูŠู…ูˆุช ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
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ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูŠ ุจูŠุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุนู„ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ุง Type 2
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diabetes mellitusู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Modi ุจุชุตูŠุฑ at a
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younger age ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 25 ุณู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุน ุงู„
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.. ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus ุจุฑุถู‡
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at younger age ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆ ู„ุจุณ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต
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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ youngุŒ non-obese patients with diabetes who
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have a family history of diabetes ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ู„ู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุฏูŠุงุจูŠุชุณุŒ younger
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age ูˆ non-obese A clinical spectrum of Maudi is
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broad ranging from asymptomatic hyperglycemia to
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an acute presentationูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
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ู…ูˆุถูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนูŠุด ุญูŠุงุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ
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ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูู‚ุท ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุจุณูŠุท ููŠ ุงู„ glucoseู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด
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symptoms ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ู… ุตุฏูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฎุต
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ุจูŠุฏุฑูˆุญ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู„ุณุจุจ ุงูˆ ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆูŠุชู…
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ุงู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ hyperglycemia thirteen genes
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are associated with this disorder
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ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฃู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
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ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠ tworesult from mutations
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in the gene that encodes a glucokinase ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
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ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ partial deficiency of insulin
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secretion ุจูŠุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง
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ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠ 2 ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชูุงุน
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ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูŠ caused by
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mutations in the genes that encode transcription
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factors ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ genes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
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ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ transcription factors ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
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ุงู„ู€ regulation ู„ู€ expression of different genes in
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the pancreatic beta cells ูˆู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
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ุงู„ expression ู„ุฌู†ุณ ููŠ ุงู„ pancreatic beta cells
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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ impaired insulin synthesis ุฃูˆ
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secretion ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ reduced beta cell mass
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mode mutations have substitution ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ mutations ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
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ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ substitution, deletion ุฃูˆ insertion of
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nucleotides in the coding region of the genes ุทุจุนุง
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ mutations ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ PCR
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ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Orange Glucose Reliance Test ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Islet
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O2 Antibodies ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C-Peptide ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ differentiation ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Type 1 ุฃูˆ
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ุงู„ู€ Type 2 Diabetes ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ genetic test ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ
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ู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ diagnosis of ู…ูˆุฏูŠุทูŠุจ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„
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criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus ุทุจุนุง
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ุงู„ diagnosis ุจุชุงูŠู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃูˆ
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ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠู†ุง ุงู„
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hemoglobin A1c ุงู„ cut-off point ู„ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
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ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ or greaterูˆ 6.5% ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†
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ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ diabetes mellitus test should be
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performed in a laboratory using a method that is
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NGSP certified ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุทุฑู‚ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ูุญุต ุงู„
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hemoglobin A1C ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูุญุต ุงู„
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hemoglobin A1C ู„ุงู„ diagnosisof diabetes ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฅู†ู‡
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ูŠูƒูˆู† standardized test ูˆ ุงู„ standardized test ู‡ุฐุง
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฎุฏ certificate ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„
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NGSB national glycohemoglobin standardization
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program ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ุฃูŠ kit ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ู…ู…ูƒู†
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ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ certified ู…ู† ุงู„
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NGSB
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a point of care assay should not be used for
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diagnoses ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ point of care assay ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ strips ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
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ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู„ูˆุจ A ูˆ C ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
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ู„ู„ diagnoses ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ fasting plasma glucoseูˆุฅูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
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concentration ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† 126 milligram per deciliter
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ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุฏูˆ ุฏูŠุงุจูŠุชุงุณ
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ู…ุงู„ูŠุชุงุณ fasting is defined as non calorie intake
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for at least eight hours ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุตุงูŠู…
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุณุงุนุชู‡ symptoms
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of hyperglycemia and casual plasma glucoseof two
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hundred milligram per deciliter or greater ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ casual plasma aglucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุญุต
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ aglucose ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุชุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… without
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regard to time since the last meetุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ random
86
00:07:07,530 --> 00:07:11,450
ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ casual ุฃูˆ random blood glucoseุŒ ู„ุฃู† ูƒุงู†
87
00:07:11,450 --> 00:07:17,450
ููŠ symptoms ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู…ู† ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู…ุน
88
00:07:17,450 --> 00:07:22,540
casual plasma glucose ุฃูˆ random plasma glucoseุงู„ู€
89
00:07:22,540 --> 00:07:26,160
Concentration 200 mg per deciliter ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡
90
00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:29,880
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ุชูŠู† ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ type two
91
00:07:29,880 --> 00:07:32,720
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ diabetes mellitus the classic
92
00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:35,220
symptoms of hyperglycemia include polyuria
93
00:07:35,220 --> 00:07:42,740
polydipsia and unexplained weight loss ุฃูŠุถุง ูุญุต
94
00:07:42,740 --> 00:07:46,040
ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
95
00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:52,880
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุชูŠู†ู…ู† ุฅุนุทุงุก
96
00:07:52,880 --> 00:08:00,080
ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ู€ 75 ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช ุฃู†
97
00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:03,380
ุงู„ู€ concentration ู„ู€ plasma glucose ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 200
98
00:08:03,380 --> 00:08:08,320
ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… per deciliter ุฃูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต
99
00:08:08,320 --> 00:08:11,920
can be diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus
100
00:08:15,840 --> 00:08:20,180
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃูˆ ููŠ laps
101
00:08:20,180 --> 00:08:25,840
ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
102
00:08:25,840 --> 00:08:30,520
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ this criteria should be confirmed by
103
00:08:30,520 --> 00:08:34,340
repeating the same test on a different day ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู†
104
00:08:34,340 --> 00:08:39,720
ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
105
00:08:39,720 --> 00:08:47,390
ู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ู†ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ diabetes mellitusุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
106
00:08:47,390 --> 00:08:50,690
ู„ู€ complications ุทุจุนุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ complications
107
00:08:50,690 --> 00:08:54,530
ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุตุงุญุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ diabetes
108
00:08:54,530 --> 00:09:01,190
mellitus ูˆุงู„ู†ุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุงู„ุฏู…
109
00:09:01,190 --> 00:09:04,130
patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are
110
00:09:04,130 --> 00:09:07,230
at high risk for the development of chronic
111
00:09:07,230 --> 00:09:10,930
complications ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ complications ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง
112
00:09:10,930 --> 00:09:15,570
ุงู† ุงู„ microvascular complications ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ
113
00:09:15,570 --> 00:09:20,030
ุงู„ู‰ retinopathyุŒ nephropathy ุฃูˆ neuropathy ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„
114
00:09:20,030 --> 00:09:24,310
microvascular complications ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰
115
00:09:24,310 --> 00:09:28,930
ุงู„ atherosclerosis ูˆ ุงู„ cardiovascular diseases
116
00:09:31,990 --> 00:09:39,710
ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ molecular mechanisms ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
117
00:09:39,710 --> 00:09:44,330
complications ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ
118
00:09:44,330 --> 00:09:50,230
ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ hypothesisูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุชูุถูŠู„ู‡ุง
119
00:09:50,230 --> 00:09:54,050
ู„ุชุดุฑุญ ูƒูŠู ุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง
120
00:09:54,050 --> 00:09:54,290
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ
121
00:09:54,290 --> 00:09:54,970
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ
122
00:09:54,970 --> 00:09:58,650
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ
123
00:09:58,650 --> 00:10:03,510
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ
124
00:10:03,510 --> 00:10:04,510
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ
125
00:10:04,510 --> 00:10:04,550
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ
126
00:10:04,550 --> 00:10:10,690
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑู‚ู„ูŠุณูŠู…ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
127
00:10:10,690 --> 00:10:14,410
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin A1C ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
128
00:10:14,410 --> 00:10:20,730
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู€ Glucated albumin ุงู„ activation ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
129
00:10:20,730 --> 00:10:27,090
ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒ C ูˆ ุงู„ activation ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒ C ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฒูŠุฏ
130
00:10:27,090 --> 00:10:31,210
ู…ู† ุงู„ oxidative stress production of super oxide
131
00:10:31,210 --> 00:10:35,650
and other reactive oxygen species ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
132
00:10:35,650 --> 00:10:39,130
ุงู„ mitochondrial electron transported chainุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃู†
133
00:10:39,130 --> 00:10:43,370
ุงู„ู€ endoplasmic reticulum stress increased
134
00:10:43,370 --> 00:10:48,850
hexosamine pathway flux ูˆ ุงู„ activation of
135
00:10:48,850 --> 00:10:52,270
sarcomergic-II domain containing phosphatase-I ุงู„ูˆ
136
00:10:52,270 --> 00:11:02,890
ุงู„ SHP-I ุงู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mechanisms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุจุท
137
00:11:02,890 --> 00:11:10,240
ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Overproduction of Super Oxide ูŠุจู‚ู‰
138
00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:16,540
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ Reactive
139
00:11:16,540 --> 00:11:22,260
Oxygen Species ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„
140
00:11:22,260 --> 00:11:29,660
ุงู„ู€ Molecular Mechanisms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุงูˆุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
141
00:11:29,660 --> 00:11:34,200
ุงู„ู€ clinical trials are underway using novel
142
00:11:34,200 --> 00:11:37,580
therapies specifically directed at the signaling
143
00:11:37,580 --> 00:11:41,100
molecules ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู†ุงูŠุช C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
144
00:11:41,100 --> 00:11:44,720
ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ oxidative stress ุฃูˆ
145
00:11:44,720 --> 00:11:50,580
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… antioxidants to neutralize the effects of
146
00:11:50,580 --> 00:11:54,470
the oxidants ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
147
00:11:54,470 --> 00:12:00,470
ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ mechanisms ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
148
00:12:00,470 --> 00:12:03,070
oxidants ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ reactive oxygen species
149
00:12:03,070 --> 00:12:07,550
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุชุนุงู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ reactive
150
00:12:07,550 --> 00:12:13,970
oxygen species ูˆู‚ู„ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง
151
00:12:13,970 --> 00:12:16,630
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญู„
152
00:12:19,440 --> 00:12:24,400
ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญู„ ุงู„ complications ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„
153
00:12:24,400 --> 00:12:32,160
diabetes malatus ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
154
00:12:32,160 --> 00:12:36,500
ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ diabetes malatus ูˆ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ