id
int64
5
12.6M
sentences
sequencelengths
2
20
5
[ "Today is June 18th and it is Muiriel's birthday!", "It's 18th June today, and also Muiriel's birthday!", "Today is June 18th, the birthday of Muiriel!", "Today is June 18 and it is Muriel's birthday!" ]
6
[ "Happy birthday, Muiriel!", "Congratulations for your birthday, Muriel!", "Happy birthday, Muriel!" ]
7
[ "Muiriel is 20 now.", "From this moment on, Muiriel is 20 years old.", "Muiriel's twenty.", "Muiriel is 20, now.", "Muiriel is twenty years old.", "Muiriel has turned twenty.", "Muriel just turned twenty.", "Muriel is twenty years old.", "Muiriel is already twenty years old.", "Muriel turned 20." ]
14
[ "That was an evil bunny.", "That was an angry bunny.", "It was an evil bunny.", "It was a bad rabbit.", "That has been an evil rabbit." ]
18
[ "For some reason the microphone didn't work earlier.", "For some reason the microphone wasn't working until now." ]
20
[ "Education in this world disappoints me.", "The world's educational standards disappoint me." ]
21
[ "It is a difficult task, choosing what is \"right\" or \"wrong\", but you have to do it.", "It's difficult choosing between what's right and what's wrong, but you have to choose.", "It's difficult choosing between what's right and what's wrong, but you have to make the choice.", "It's difficult to define what's good and what's bad, but it must be done." ]
23
[ "This will cost €30.", "That will cost thirty euros.", "This will be thirty Euros.", "This is going to cost thirty euros.", "That'll cost thirty euros.", "That costs 30 euros.", "That's thirty euros.", "That would be thirty euros." ]
24
[ "I make €100 a day.", "I earn 100 Euros a day.", "I make 100 euros per day.", "I make 100 euros a day.", "I earn 100 euros a day." ]
25
[ "I may give up soon and just nap instead.", "Maybe I'll just give up soon and take a nap instead.", "I may give up soon and just take a nap.", "I might give up soon and have a kip instead." ]
27
[ "I'll do my best not to disturb your studying.", "I will try not to interrupt you while you are studying.", "I will try not to disturb you while you are studying.", "I'll try not to disturb you while you're studying." ]
30
[ "I'll call them tomorrow when I come back.", "I'll phone them tomorrow when I come home.", "I'll ring them tomorrow when I come home.", "I'll call them tomorrow when I return home.", "I'll call after going home tomorrow.", "I'll call them tomorrow when I get home.", "I'll call you tomorrow when I get back." ]
31
[ "I always liked mysterious characters more.", "I always liked strange personalities." ]
34
[ "I told them to send me another ticket.", "I told her to send me another ticket." ]
35
[ "I can't live that kind of life.", "I don't want to live like this.", "I don't want to live this way.", "I don't want to live my life like this.", "This is no way to live.", "You can't live like this.", "I can't live like this.", "I don't want to live like that.", "That's no way to live.", "I can't live this way.", "I can't lead this lifestyle.", "I don't want to live that way.", "You can't live like that.", "I don't want to spend my life like this." ]
36
[ "I once wanted to be an astrophysicist.", "I wanted to be an astrophysicist once." ]
37
[ "I never liked biology.", "I never liked Biology." ]
39
[ "Most people think I'm crazy.", "Many people think I'm crazy.", "Most people think that I'm crazy." ]
40
[ "No I'm not; you are!", "No, it's not me. It's you!", "No, not me, but you!", "No, not me, you!", "No, it is not me! It is you!", "It's not me, it's you!" ]
42
[ "He's kicking me!", "He is kicking me!", "He's kicking me.", "He kicks me." ]
45
[ "Oh, there's a butterfly!", "Look, a butterfly!", "Oh, a butterfly!", "A butterfly!", "Oh, there is a butterfly!" ]
49
[ "When I grow up, I want to be a king.", "When I grow up, I want to be king." ]
50
[ "I'm so fat.", "I'm very fat.", "I'm extremely fat.", "I'm too fat.", "I am too fat." ]
53
[ "That's because you're a girl.", "It's because you're a girl." ]
54
[ "I'd be unhappy, but I wouldn't kill myself.", "Maybe I am unhappy, but I don't intend to kill myself.", "Although I may be unhappy, I won't commit suicide.", "I would be sad, but I would not commit suicide.", "Maybe I'm unhappy, but I don't intend to kill myself." ]
61
[ "Stop seeing me as a \"normal\" person!", "Stop thinking of me as just an average person.", "Don't treat me as common people." ]
64
[ "But the universe is infinite.", "There's no doubt that the universe is infinite.", "There's no doubt: the universe is infinite." ]
66
[ "And yet, the contrary is always true as well.", "However, the reverse is true." ]
70
[ "Love is never wasted.", "A romantic couple isn't a waste." ]
71
[ "Life is what happens to you while you're busy making other plans.", "Life is that which occurs while you are occupied doing other things.", "Life is what happens when you've got other plans.", "Life is what happens when you're busy with other plans." ]
97
[ "Learning should not be forced. Learning should be encouraged.", "Learning should not be forced, but rather encouraged." ]
103
[ "It's because you don't want to be alone.", "That's because you don't want to be alone.", "This is because you do not want to be alone.", "It's because you don't want to be lonely." ]
105
[ "Sometimes he can be a strange guy.", "He's strange sometimes.", "He's sometimes an interesting fellow.", "Sometimes he acts quite strangely.", "Sometimes, he's very strange.", "He can be a bit strange sometimes." ]
120
[ "The last person I told my idea to thought I was nuts.", "The last person that I told my idea to thought that I was nuts." ]
134
[ "For some reason I feel more alive at night.", "For one reason or another, I'm more active at night." ]
137
[ "That's the stupidest thing I've ever said.", "I've never said such a stupid thing." ]
138
[ "I don't want to be lame; I want to be cool!!", "I don't want to be lame, I want to be cool!!", "I don't want to be pathetic, I want to be cool!!", "I don't wanna be pathetic, I wanna be cool!!" ]
140
[ "America is a lovely place to be, if you are here to earn money.", "If you want to earn money, America is the best." ]
143
[ "I'm gonna shoot him.", "I will shoot him.", "I will shoot her.", "I'll shoot you.", "I'm going to shoot him dead.", "I'm about to shoot him.", "I'll finish you off.", "I will release it." ]
144
[ "I'm not a real fish, I'm just a mere plushy.", "I'm not a real fish; I'm just a cuddle toy.", "I'm not a real fish, I'm just a simple cuddly toy.", "I'm not a real fish, I'm just a plain stuffed toy." ]
145
[ "I'm just saying!", "I'm just saying.", "I'm just telling that.", "I'm just calling it like I see it." ]
147
[ "I've always wondered what it'd be like to have siblings.", "It was always interesting to me, how it is to have brothers and sisters." ]
149
[ "It would take forever for me to explain everything.", "I'd need a whole eternity to explain everything.", "I will need an eternity to explain everything.", "It would take forever to explain everything." ]
151
[ "Sometimes I can't help showing emotions.", "Sometimes I can't hold back my emotions.", "Sometimes I'm unable to hide my emotions." ]
152
[ "It's a word I'd like to find a substitute for.", "It's a word I'd like to find a replacement for.", "This is the word which I would like to replace." ]
154
[ "I don't intend to be selfish.", "I don't mean to be selfish.", "I didn't mean to be selfish.", "I don't want to be selfish." ]
155
[ "Let's consider the worst that could happen.", "Let's think about the worst that could happen.", "Let us think about the worst that could happen.", "Let's think about the worst that can happen." ]
157
[ "I may be antisocial, but it doesn't mean I don't talk to people.", "I may be unsociable, but it doesn't mean I don't talk to people.", "I may be asocial, but that doesn't mean I don't talk to people." ]
159
[ "I think it is best not to be impolite.", "I think that it's best not to be impolite.", "I think that it is best to not be impolite." ]
163
[ "When I woke up, I was sad.", "And when I woke up, I was sad." ]
164
[ "That is somewhat explained at the end.", "It's finally more or less explained." ]
166
[ "Most people write about their daily life.", "Many people write about their daily life." ]
168
[ "In order to do that, you have to take risks.", "In order to get it done, you'll have to take risks.", "In order to achieve that, you'll have to take risks." ]
169
[ "Every person who is alone is alone because they are afraid of others.", "Lonely people perpetuate their own loneliness through their fear of others.", "Lonely people tend to be afraid of meeting others, which ensures they will always be lonely.", "A lonely man is lonely because he is afraid of others.", "All men who are lonely are lonely because they're afraid of others." ]
171
[ "I am not an artist. I never had the knack for it.", "I am no artist, I have never thought that." ]
172
[ "I can't tell her now. It's not that simple anymore.", "I can't tell her now. It's not that simple.", "I can't tell him now. It's not that simple.", "I can't tell her now. It's not that simple any more." ]
173
[ "I am a flawed person, but these are flaws that can easily be fixed.", "I am not without my shortcomings, but these shortcomings can easily be amended.", "I am a person with many flaws, but they are flaws which can be fixed." ]
176
[ "Maybe it will be exactly the same for him.", "Perhaps it will be all the same to him." ]
182
[ "You are saying you intentionally hide your good looks?", "Are you saying you intentionally hide your good looks?", "Do you mean you hide your beauty intentionally?" ]
184
[ "If anyone was to ask what the point of the story is, I really don't know.", "If someone were to ask, what is the point of this story, I really wouldn't know it." ]
186
[ "I think my living with you has influenced your way of living.", "I think that our living together has influenced your habits." ]
189
[ "She's asking how that's possible.", "One wonders how it's possible." ]
190
[ "You're just running away from life's problems.", "You're just sweeping life's problems under the rug." ]
191
[ "If you look at the lyrics, they don't really mean much.", "If you look at the song's lyrics, they really don't mean much.", "If you focus on the lyrics of the song, you realize that they barely make sense, right?", "If you listen to the lyrics, you'll realize that they don't say anything." ]
195
[ "I wish I could go to Japan.", "I would like to go to Japan.", "I wanna go to Japan.", "I want to go to Japan.", "It would be nice if I could travel to Japan.", "I'd like to go to Spain." ]
200
[ "It may freeze next week.", "We might have frost next week.", "It'll be cold next week." ]
201
[ "Even though he apologized, I'm still furious.", "Even though he apologized, I'm still very mad.", "Even if he asked for forgiveness, I would still be mad." ]
203
[ "Thanks for having explained to me at last why people take me for an idiot.", "Thank you for finally explaining to me why people take me for an idiot." ]
209
[ "It almost scared me not to see you online for a whole day.", "It scares me not to see you online the entire day." ]
211
[ "My computer has got to be useful for something.", "For certain tasks, my computer can be very useful." ]
214
[ "If I wanted to scare you, I would tell you what I dreamt about a few weeks ago.", "If I wanted to scare you, I would have told you about what I dreamt about a few weeks ago." ]
217
[ "I don't like it when mathematicians who know much more than I do can't express themselves explicitly.", "I don't like it when mathematicians who know much more than I do can't express themselves clearly." ]
219
[ "I need to ask you a silly question.", "I have a stupid question.", "I have a silly question.", "I have a completely stupid question.", "I need to ask you a dumb question." ]
222
[ "Can it be phrased in another way?", "Can it be phrased another way?", "Can it be put differently?" ]
227
[ "I like candlelight.", "I like the light that candles emit." ]
229
[ "No, he's not my new boyfriend.", "No, that's not my new boyfriend.", "No, that's not my new friend." ]
231
[ "You never have class or what?!", "Don't you ever have class?" ]
235
[ "It's not much of a surprise, is it?", "It isn't much of a surprise, is it?" ]
240
[ "I don't want to wait that long.", "I don't want to wait so long." ]
246
[ "It is inevitable that I go to France someday, I just don't know when.", "Sometime I'll definitely visit France. I just don't know exactly when.", "Of course I will go to France sometime, it's just that I don't know when.", "Of course I will go to France sometime, except that I don't know when.", "It is inevitable that I will go to France someday, I just don't know when." ]
249
[ "You can probably guess what happens though.", "Although you can probably guess what's happening." ]
251
[ "What other options do I have?", "What other options are there?", "What options do I have left?", "What other option do I have?", "Do I have a choice?", "Are there any other choices?", "Are there any other options?", "What choices do I have left?", "Do I have any other choice?", "Are there other options?", "There are other choices?" ]
252
[ "I am not much of a traveller.", "I don't like traveling all that much.", "I'm a poor traveler.", "I don't like travelling all that much." ]
254
[ "I can't explain it either.", "Neither can I explain it.", "I can't explain that either.", "I can't explain it, either." ]
256
[ "Seriously though, episode 21 made me almost cry while laughing.", "Seriously though, episode 21 made me laugh so hard I almost cried." ]
257
[ "It only shows you're not a robot.", "This just demonstrates that you're not a robot." ]
258
[ "How could I be a robot? Robots don't dream.", "How could I be a robot? Robots can't dream." ]
259
[ "\"I have never thought about it,\" said the old man. \"What should we do?\"", "\"I didn't think about that,\" said the old man. \"What should we do?\"" ]
260
[ "It's not something anyone can do.", "This is not something that anyone can do.", "It isn't something that anyone can do.", "It isn't something anyone can do.", "It's not something that anyone can do." ]
262
[ "What do you think I've been doing?", "What do you think I was doing before?", "What do you think I was doing?", "What do you think I did?", "What is it you think I did?", "What do you think I'm doing?" ]
264
[ "My mom doesn't speak English very well.", "My mother doesn't speak English very well.", "My mother doesn't speak much English.", "My mum doesn't speak English very well." ]
265
[ "I don't speak French well enough!", "My French isn't good enough.", "I speak French pretty well.", "I do not speak French fluently enough.", "I don't speak French well enough." ]
269
[ "All you can do is trust one another.", "All you can do is trust in someone.", "You just have to trust each other.", "All you need to do is trust each other.", "All you need to do is trust one another.", "You've got no other choice but to trust each other.", "You have no other choice but to trust each other." ]
270
[ "Everyone wants to meet you. You're famous!", "Everyone wants to know you; you're famous.", "Everyone wants to get to know you. You're famous!" ]
271
[ "Why are you sorry for something you haven't done?", "Why say sorry for something you haven't even done?", "Why do you want to apologise for something you haven't done?", "Why do you want to apologise for something you didn't do?" ]
273
[ "Foreign people intrigue me.", "Foreign people are amusing.", "Foreigners astound me.", "Foreigners are interesting, aren't they?" ]
274
[ "Whatever I do, she says I can do better.", "No matter what I do, she says I can do better." ]
278
[ "You're not fast enough.", "You don't run fast enough." ]
280
[ "Bearing can be unbearable.", "There is a limit to how much one can tolerate.", "Patience has its limits." ]
283
[ "Tomorrow, he will land on the moon.", "Tomorrow he lands on the moon." ]

Paraphrases of Sentences from Tatoeba

Downloaded: 2024-07-08

Description:

  • Large multilingual paraphrase dataset
  • If two sentences translate to the same sentence in a foreign language, then those two sentences could be paraphrases.

Creation Process:

  1. Translation pairs of sentences are first linked in a large undirected graph.
  2. The connected components of the graph contain sentences with similar meanings.
  3. Sentences in the same language in the same component are taken to be paraphrases.
  4. Only clusters of 2-20 sentences are counted. Any larger cluster is likely to come from irrelevant sentences linked by bad translation.
  5. Only languages with at least 10 clusters are included here.

Format:

  • GZipped JSON files
  • Each line contains one cluster of paraphrase sentences in JSON format

Dataset Configs:

Sample entry:

{
  "id": 5,
  "sentences": [
    "Today is June 18th and it is Muiriel's birthday!",
    "It's 18th June today, and also Muiriel's birthday!",
    "Today is June 18th, the birthday of Muiriel!",
    "Today is June 18 and it is Muriel's birthday!"
  ]
}

id: The cluster ID of the sentences. Clusters with the same ID in other languages mutually translate to this set of sentences.

sentences: List of sentences belonging to this cluster. That is, those sentences are paraphrases of each other.

Limitations

Many important things are lost in translation. Even if two sentences translate to the same thing in a foreign language, they might not be good paraphrases.

  • Context and connotations ("What's up, Mike?", "What's wrong, Mike?")
  • Gendered common nouns ("I need to get rid of it.", "I need to get rid of her.", "I need to get rid of him.")
  • Ambiguous cases that could be the same or different.
    • "I'll shoot it down.", "I'll kill it with a gun."
    • "What kind of people do you prefer?", "What's your type?", "What kind of guys do you like?"

Also some languages have important features such as:

  • Familiar vs. formal forms
  • Verb tenses, modality, and moods (so a sentence pair can be paraphrases in one language but not in others)
  • Vocabulary, noun distinctions, and cultural concepts (so foreign translations will lose the original meaning of the sentence)
  • Idioms, dialects, slang, jargon
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