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{ "brx": "मोनसे आबाद जांख्रिथाइनि पाल्स", "eng": "The pulse of a farm revolution" }

{ "brx": "जेब्ला माशेलकरा गाहाय मावखुलियाव थाहैदोंमोन, अब्ला बिथाङा मोनसे न्यू आइडिया फंड बानायदोंमोन आरो कुमारखौ थांखिफोरखौ बासिनो थाखाय कमितिनि आफादगिरि बानायदोंमोन।", "eng": "When Mashelkar moved to the headquarters, he created a New Idea Fund and made Kumar the Chairman of the committee to select the proposals." }

{ "brx": "कुमारा गोबां बोसोर आर्थ्राइटसजों भुगि नांदोंमोन, आरो गंसे लावथिनि हेफाजाबजों थाबायदोंमोन।", "eng": "Kumar had suffered from arthritis for years, and walked with the help of a stick." }

{ "brx": "बुलियान मडेलिंआ गुवारै बाहायजानाय मोनसे सानखान्थियारि फ्रेमवर्क जायखौ जिन दबथायग्रा नेटवर्कफोरनि गोहोफोरखौ बिजिरसंनो बाहायनाय जायो जेराव जिनफोरखौ मोनसे नेटवर्कनि स्विट्सफोरबादि गुबुन जिनफोरखौ अन एबा अफ खालामनो बाहायनाय जायो।", "eng": "Boolean modelling is a widely used mathematical framework used to study the dynamics of gene regulatory networks, where you consider the genes as switches that can turn other genes on or off in the network." }

{ "brx": "जिबख्रिफोरनि बे जिन अफ आरो अन खालामनो हानाय गोहोआ जिउगोनां जिब-जुनार एबा बिफां-लाइफांफोरनि एखे समावनो गोबां फांसनफोर मावफुंनो हानायखौ जाफुंसार खालामो।", "eng": "This ability of cells to switch on and off genes is what makes it possible for living organisms to perform multiple functions at the same time." }

{ "brx": "हैदराबादआव इन्टारनेसनेल क्रप रिसर्च इनस्टीट्युट फर द सेमी-एरिड ट्रपिक्स (इक्रिसेट)नि बै बिजिरसंनाया नैथि आबाद जांख्रिथायनि लामा दिन्थिनायनि मिरुमोन- दालि आरो थाव बेग'रारि दिहुन्थायाव साबसिन गोबां ओंखारग्रा फसलखौ बैबादि एखे रोखोमै जौगाहोदोंमोन जेरै भारतनि सोमखोर गोथां जांख्रिथाया गम आरो माइ दिहुनथाइखौ गावनो-गाव थोजासे खालामदोंमोन।", "eng": "That research, at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Hyderabad, was centred around ushering in a second farm revolution - in pulses and oilseed production - by developing better-yielding crops in the same way that the Green Revolution in India had rendered the country self-sufficient in wheat and rice production." }

{ "brx": "बेटारिनि बेसेना 2013 मायथाइनि बेसेनफोरनिफ्राय बा गुन गाहायाव फैदों, नाथाय गाहायाव फैबावनायनि गोनांथि दं।", "eng": "Battery prices have dropped to a fifth of 2013 prices, but need to fall further" }

{ "brx": "गुदुंथार बिदुंनि बारहावाजों मोगामोगि जायोब्ला, बे ओरैबादि जिनाव महर सोलायो जाय दुंब्रुद आबहावायावबो थांना थानो हायो।", "eng": "When exposed to high temperatures, it switches on genes that help it adapt to a warmer environment." }

{ "brx": "मासे जिबनि सानथ्र'हायै जिबआरि फांसनफोरनि मादाव बे मोनसे फिसाथार बिदिन्थिल'।", "eng": "This is just one tiny example of the way myriads of biological functions occur within a living system." }

{ "brx": "\"10 बोसोराव बेखौ 25% सिम बांनायनि मिजिं थिदों मानोना थाजिम दैनि जगायनाया गोबाङैनो बेसेन गोसा जालांनो हमगासिनो दं,\" पनता बुङो।", "eng": "This is expected to increase to up to 25% in 10 years as fresh water sourcing becomes increasingly more expensive,\" says Panat." }

{ "brx": "इ.भि.नि खेलाखौ देरहानांगौब्ला भारतआ बेटारिनि खेलाखौबो देरहानांगोन।", "eng": "To win the E.V. game, India has to win the battery game too." }

{ "brx": "जन्थ्र' बानायनो हानाय गोहोआ, सायनानि सिमा बारै युरप आरो यु.एस. आव गोसारदों. सायनआव गोबां रां थिसननाया बेटारिनि बेसेनखौ सिगाङावनो गाहायाव लाबो खाबाय, ई.भि.फोरनि गासै बेसेननि बिगोमाथिखौ सोलिबाय थानाय खाममोन मुवाजों खारनाय मथ'र-गारिनि खाथिसिनाव लाबोदों।", "eng": "Beyond China, manufacturing capacity is spreading to Europe and the U.S. Heavy investments made in China have already brought down battery prices, bringing the total cost of ownership of E.Vs closer to vehicles running on conventional fuels." }

{ "brx": "बि बेटारि बाहाय बिगियानफोरखौ मोनथाम बालथिङाव दोनो।", "eng": "It puts battery technologies in three buckets:" }

{ "brx": "सार्ज खालामग्रा बिन्दोफोर: 2030 मायथाइसिम 55 मिलियन सार्ज खालामग्रा थाथावनिफोरनि गोनांथि जाहैगोन।", "eng": "Charging points: 55 million charging stations may be needed by 2030" }

{ "brx": "मैकिन्सेनि बायदिब्ला, \"2020 मायथाइनिफ्राय 2030 मायथाइसिम साननानै नायनाय $110 बिलियननिफ्राय $180 बिलियनसिम रां थिसननो गोनां जागोन, सोरखारि लांदां जायगा आरो न'खरफोर, मोननैनिबो ई.भि. सार्ज खालामग्रा बिथाफोरनि मुलुगनां दाबि खालामनायखौ सुफुनंनो थाखाय।", "eng": "According to McKinsey: \"An estimated $110 billion to $180 billion must be invested from 2020 to 2030 to satisfy global demand for EV charging stations, both in public spaces and within homes." }

{ "brx": "बियो दाबि खालामनायनि गाहाय जोबथा. गोजौ जोबथायाव, दाबि खालामनायखौ 77 मिलियनसिम साननाय जादों।", "eng": "This is the lower end of the demand. At the upper end, the demand is estimated at 77 million." }

{ "brx": "दिहुनफिन्नाय: बेटारि दिहुनफिन्नाय बिखान्थिआ गुबुन गुबुन दिन्थिफुंनाय दं", "eng": "Recycling: Battery recyling processes have varying performance" }

{ "brx": "बिजिरसंगिरिफ्रा गोलाव समनिफ्राय बेनि फारिखान्थिनि आन्दोआव थानाय नेमखान्थि राहाफोरनि बागै नायबिजिरनो नाजादों।", "eng": "Researchers have for long tried to probe the regulatory mechanisms behind this process." }

{ "brx": "मोनसे गोदान बिजिरसंनाया जिब बिगियाननि बाङायल' जेथोनि सायाव जर होदों।", "eng": "A new study underlines biology's preference for minimal complexity." }

{ "brx": "बेक्टेरियाम इ.कलिया बिदुंजों बोरै बाहायलायनांगौ बेखौ मिथिगौ।", "eng": "The bacterium E.Coli knows how to deal with heat." }

{ "brx": "बेखौ बुजि हानायनि मोनसे राहाया जाबाय बिसोरखौ बुलियान फ्रेमवर्क बाहायना मोनसे नक्सायाव महर होनाय, गुबैयै जेला गोबांथार जिनफोरखौ बिजिरसंनाय जायो।", "eng": "One way to understand this, especially when dealing with a large group of genes, is to model them using the Boolean framework." }

{ "brx": "बे बिजिरसंगिरिफोरखौ मोनसे जिन नेटवर्कनि अबस्थाखौ साननायनि गेजेरजों बिजिरनो खाबु होयो - मोनसेल' जिन नङा नाथाय खनसेयैनो गोबां जिननि जथायखौबो।", "eng": "It allows researchers to computationally assess the state of a gene network — not just of one gene but a set of several genes at one go." }

{ "brx": "डि इनस्टिट्युट अफ मेथमेटिकेल साइन्सेस, चेन्नाइनि बिजिरसंगिरिफोरजों दिहुनजानाय जार्नाल पिएनएएस नेक्सासनि मोनसे गोदान बिजिरसंनायाव पिएइचडिनि बिजाथि अजय सुब्बारयान आरो बिनि दैदेनगिरि आरिजित समलआ बुंफोरदोंदि बिथांमोनहा बोरै बुलियान फ्रेमवर्कखौ मोन 88 फोलेरनि जोलै सुंजाबलायनायनि खारथाय राहाखौ मिथिनो हानायाव बाहायदोंमोन।", "eng": "In a new study in the journal PNAS Nexus by researchers from The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, PhD candidate Ajay Subbaroyan and his mentor Areejit Samal explain how they used the Boolean framework to study the regulatory mechanisms in 88 gene networks." }

{ "brx": "मोनफ्रोम नेटवर्क थामोनथिनि अबस्थाया मोनसे बुलियान हाबानि सायाव थिरां जायो, जाय मोनसे सानखान्थियारि हाबा जाय 1/0 एबा नंगौ/नङा मानजों बाइनेरि इनपुटफोरखौ बाइनेरि आउटपुटजों मेप खालामो।", "eng": "The state of each network entity is determined by a Boolean function, which is a mathematical function that maps binary inputs to a binary output with the value 1/0 or true/false." }

{ "brx": "मोनसे जिन नेटवर्कआव रेगुलेटरफोरनि अनजिमाया जेसेबां बुरजा जागोन, एसेबांनो जानो हाथावना बुलियान फांसनफोरनि अनजिमायाबो गोबांसिन जागोन।", "eng": "The more the number of regulators of a gene in a network, the greater is the number of possible Boolean functions." }

{ "brx": "बिसोर कम्पुटार बिगियानआव बुलियान फांसनफोरनि जेथोखौ मोननै सानदांथिनि गेजेरजों अनजिमायारि खालामो: बुलियान जेथो आरो एभारेज सेन्जिटिभिटि।", "eng": "They quantified the complexity of Boolean functions using two notions in computer science: Boolean complexity and Average Sensitivity." }

{ "brx": "आथिखालाव बिथाङा आबाद जौगानायाव एआइनि गोहोखौ हाजासे बाहायदों।", "eng": "Now, he is leveraging AI in the cause of crop improvement." }

{ "brx": "बरल'ग बिबुंथि जाय बिथांनि जिउखौ सोलाहोनायमोन ईटालिनि बल'गना मुलुसोलोंसालियाव बिबुंथि होनाय जादोंमोन।", "eng": "The Borlaug speech that was to alter the course of his life was delivered at the University of Bologna, Italy." }

{ "brx": "सरासनस्रानङै साजायनायजों", "eng": "BY SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT" }

{ "brx": "बेबायदिनो थुलुंगा मोन्ना, वार्ष्णेया आई.सी.आर.आई.एस.ए.टी.याव मोनसे गोजौ थांखिजों गावनि नायसोमसालिनि खामानिखौ जुरिदोंमोन: बाङाय-हा थानाय आबादारिफोरनि जिउआव जौगानाय लाबोनो, गाहाय महरै गेजेर आरो खोला भारताव, जाय गोथां सोमावसारनायजों गोबाङैनो जौगा होजायाखैमोन।", "eng": "Thus inspired, Varshney started his laboratory work at ICRISAT with a lofty mission: to bring prosperity into the lives of small-holder farmers, particularly in central and southern India, who had not quite been enriched by the Green Revolution." }

{ "brx": "नाथाय मिरु आरो खोला भारतनि रानफुदा ओनसोलफोरनि हासार-गैयि हा आरो अखानि दैजों आबाद मावग्रा हाफोराव बैफोर गोबां ओंखारहोग्रा गम आरो माइ आबादफोरा मावजानाय नङामोन।", "eng": "But the nutrient-deficient soil and rainfed lands in the semi-arid regions in central and southern India were unable to support these better-yielding wheat and rice crops." }

{ "brx": "भार्सनेआ सानोमोनदि जेन'म हेफाजाबारि जोलै खालामनाय आदबखौ बाहायनानै साबसिन गोबां ओंखारग्रा दालिफोर आरो थाव बेग'रफोरखौ जौगाहोनानै फिसा आबादारिफोरनि आयआ बांनायनि अनगायैबो रानफुदा हा बाहागोखौ मोजाङै बाहायनानै हादोरनि पुष्टायु रैखाथिया रोखा जागोन।", "eng": "Varshney reckoned that developing better-yielding pulses and oilseeds using genome-assisted breeding techniques would not only enhance the income of small-holder farmers, but ensure the country's nutritional security by putting the semi-arid stretch of land to productive use." }

{ "brx": "गावखौनो गाव सन्देह खालामदोंमोन, जेरै फोथारनि हाग्राफोरबादि।", "eng": "Self-doubt began to creep in, like weeds in the fields." }

{ "brx": "भार्सनेआ सानोमोनदि जुदि बिथाङा बैफोर मावरिया फसलफोरनि सायाव बिजिरसंबाय थानो लुगैयो, अब्ला बिथाङा बैफोर फसलफोरनि थोजासे मोनसे गियाननि बिथा गायस'ननो थाखाय जानोहागौ गोबां बोसोर थांहोनांगोन, जायनि सायाव बिथांनि हान्जाया ट्रेनस्लेसनेल बिजिरसंनायनि हाबा मावनो हागोन।", "eng": "Varshney reckoned that if he wanted to continue researching these ‘orphan crops’, he would perhaps have to spend years to build a strong-enough foundation of knowledge of these crops, on which his team could then carry out translational research." }

{ "brx": "जेरै-जेरै बिथांमोना बैफोर लाइफांफोरनि गियानखौ बुथुमनो हमो, बैफोर फसलफोरखौ साबसिन ब रोखोमफोर सोरजिनायनि लामानि जेंनाया स्रां जायो आरो भार्सनेनि बिजिरसंनाया गोख्रैथि हमो।", "eng": "As they gathered more knowledge on these plants, the roadblocks to creating better varieties in these crops began to clear, and Varshney’s research gathered pace." }

{ "brx": "बैफोर बोसोरफोराव, फसंथाना मुलुगनि बायदि बायदि आबाद-बारहावा हालामफोरनिफ्राय फ्राय नैजि रोजासो बुधनि रोखोमफोर बुथुमदों आरो मोनसे बाय'बेंक सोरजिदों ।", "eng": "Over the years, the institute has collected nearly 20,000 chickpea varieties from various agro-climatic zones around the world, and has created a biobank." }

{ "brx": "गावनि बिजिरसंनायनि रोंग'थिखौ लानानै, भार्सनेनिनि हान्जाया बे बुथुमनायनिफ्राय थाम रोजा बुध सारिफोरनि जेन'म जाथाइफारि खारि आरो फेन'टाइपिक खारि (नोजोर होथावना आखुथाइफोर) सोमजिहोदोंमोन।", "eng": "With its research expertise, Varshney’s team has generated genome sequence data and phenotypic data (that is, observable characteristics) of 3,000 chickpea lines from this collection." }

{ "brx": "आगजु सोलोंथाइ एलग'रिदमनि फोरोंथाइ थिसन महरै बेसोर थाम रोजा सारिनिफ्राय खारिखौ बाहायनायनि सानस्रि दं आरो फिन जोनोमारि खारिनि बिथायाव थालांनाय नैजि रोजा बुधनि रोखोमफोरनि फेन'टाइपनि इयुनखौ नायखांनांगोन।", "eng": "The idea is to use the data from these 3,000 lines as training inputs for machine learning algorithms and then predict the phenotype of the rest of the 20,000 chickpea varieties based on their genomic data." }

{ "brx": "हान्जाया बे मावथांखिनि थाखाय गंथाम गोनां बिजिरसं फसंथानफोरजों ज' हाबा मावदोंमोन, मेक्सिक'आव थानाय इन्टारनेसनेल मेज एन्ड ह्युट इमप्रुबमेन्ट चेन्टार (चिमनित), सोनाब अस्ट्रेलिया मुलुगसोलोंसालि आरो आरो रुस हादरनि स्कलक'भ' सायेनस एन्ड टेक्न'लजि इनस्टिट्युट(स्क्लटेक)।", "eng": "The team has collaborated with three premier research institutes on this project: the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), based in Mexico; The University of Western Australia; and the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), in Russia." }

{ "brx": "दोरोङारि लाइफां आजायहोनाय आनजाद नायनायाव आजायहोग्राया मोन्नै लुबैजाथाव बिमा-बिफाफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे क्रस खालामो, जायनि मोनफ्रोमावबो मोनसे थि आखुथाइ थायो।", "eng": "In traditional plant breeding experiments, the breeder makes a cross between two desirable parents, each carrying a distinct desirable trait." }

{ "brx": "बे दाजाबनायनि गेजेरजों मोननाय माखासे फिसाफोरनाव गावनि बिमा-बिफानि मोननै अखुथाइ थानायनि मिजिंथानाय जायो।", "eng": "Some of the progeny obtained through this combination is expected to carry both the desirable traits from its parents." }

{ "brx": "बिनि थाखाय बिगियानगिरिफोरा गासै फिसा-फिसौफोरखौ मोनसे गुवार फोथाराव दोन्नांगोन आरो अब्लासिम नेनांगोन जेब्लासिम बिसोरो नांगौ आखुथायफोरखौ दिन्थिनो लाजेनगोन।", "eng": "It requires scientists to put all the progenies in a large field and wait until they start to display the required traits." }

{ "brx": "जेराव बिलायनि महर बायदि माखासे आखुथायफोरा बिफांनि जिउआव सिगाङावनो नुजायो, बेगरनि गुन बायदि गोबां आखुथायफोरखौ नायनो थाखाय फिसा आजायगिरिफोरा बिफांनि जिउ गिदिंनायनि जोबजासिम नेनो नांगोन।", "eng": "While some traits such as leaf shape manifest themselves earlier in the plant life, breeders are required to wait until the end of the life cycle of the plant in order to observe traits like seed quality." }

{ "brx": "बेयो मोनसे दान्निफ्राय गोबां बोसोरसिम गुबुन-गुबुन जानो हागौ।", "eng": "This may vary from a month to several years." }

{ "brx": "एंगारथावै बाहागो समनि अनगा बिफां फिसा आजायनाया मोनसे जोबोद गिदिर खामानि।", "eng": "Apart from the element of time, plant breeding is a mammoth exercise." }

{ "brx": "बिफांफोरा हायना नांखांना मोनसे गोबां अनजिमानि बेगरफोर जोनोम होयो।", "eng": "Plants produce a large number of seeds after pollination." }

{ "brx": "बेनि ओंथिया बे दि बिगियानगिरिफोरा गोनां आखुथायफोरखौ खोमानायनिफ्राय बारग'नो गोबां सुबुंफोरनाव आखुथायफोरनि थाखाय आनजाद लानांगोन एबा नायगिर नांगोन।", "eng": "This means that scientists have to screen or look out for traits in many individuals so as to not miss the required traits." }

{ "brx": "बेनिअनगायैबो, हास्थायजानाय आखुथायफोरनि आनजाद नायनाय एबा नायगिरनाय बे खामानिखौ अनसायजानाय आखुथायफोरखौ दिदोम एबा थि खालामनो गोबां जोलैफोरसिम लांनांगौ जायो।", "eng": "Moreover, this exercise of screening/looking out for desired traits needs to be carried over several generations in order to stabilise or fix the favourable traits." }

{ "brx": "बे नाजानायखौ बाहायना, हानजाया मोनसे रानज्रिंनाय-बेरेखा बुदनि रोखोम 'पूसा चिकपी 10216' जौगाहोदोंमोन, जाय गावनि सिगांनिजों रुजुनायाव 16% सोनि बांसिन मोनसे गासै गेजेरारि गिलिरथि गोनां फिथाय होदोंमोन।", "eng": "Using this approach, the group has developed a drought-resistant chickpea variety 'Pusa Chickpea 10216', which has an overall mean weighted yield advantage of about 16% as compared to its predecessor." }

{ "brx": "रोखोमसेयैनो, हानजाया 'सुपर एनीगेरी 1' मुङै फ्यूजेरियम विल्ट बेरामनि बेरेखा मोनसे चनानि रोखोम जौगा होदोंमोन, जाय आबादारिफोरनि थाखाय गावनि जोनोमगिरि 'एनीगेरी 1' जों रुजुनायाव मोनसे 7% बांसिन गेजेरारि फिथाय होनो हायो।", "eng": "Similarly, the team has developed a chickpea variety that is resistant to fusarium wilt disease named 'Super Annigeri 1', which has a 7% mean yield advantage for farmers over its parent 'Annigeri 1'." }

{ "brx": "बेफोर रोखोमफोरा मोजांसिन फिथाय होनायनि समायखिराखौ सुफुङोब्लाबो, बेफोर रोखोमफोरखौ जौगाहोनायसिमनि लामाया गोलावमोन आरो गोब्राबमोन।", "eng": "Although these varieties fulfil the promise of better yield, the road to developing these varieties was long and arduous." }

{ "brx": "बिफांफोरनि बेग'रफोर जायफोर दायो फोथाराव थोंगोरै दं 2006 माइथायाव फोजानायमोन।", "eng": "The seeds of the plants that now stand erect in the field were sown as far back as in 2006!" }

{ "brx": "नाथाय बिनि खान्थिफोरा गोबाङैनो रोंग'थिगोनांसिन जानो हमगासिनो दं, जाय सम आरो दांसा मोन्नैखौबो बासायनो सतबांसा लायो। बिथांनि हानजाया बुदनि रानखावनाय-होबथाग्रा रोखोमफोर दिहुन्नो बिथांमोन्नानि नाजानायाव बिफांनि फिसा आजायनाय आनजादफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनो आर्टिफिशियेल इन्टेलिजेन्सनि गोहोखौ बाहायगासिनो दं।", "eng": "But its methods are increasingly getting more sophisticated, which promises to save both time and labour. His team is harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to aid plant breeding experiments in their endeavour to create drought-resistant varieties of chickpea." }

{ "brx": "बिथांनि सान्नायाव, ए.आइ.आ बिफां बिगियान्नि थाखाय गोबां मिजिं गोनां। रिमत सेनसिं आरो ड्रन आरोंदायारि गोनोखोखौ बाहायना बिगियानगिरिफोरा फीनटिपिक खारिखौबो दिहुन्नो हायो।", "eng": "In his estimation, AI holds enormous promise for plant science. Using remote-sensing and drone technology, scientists can produce phenotypic data as well." }

{ "brx": "2003 माइथायाव बोलोग्ना जथुम्मायाव नॉर्मन बोरलॉगनि मोनसे बिबुंथिखौ खोनासंना वार्ष्णेयनि करियरनि दिगा सोलायदोंमोन: बेयो बिथांखौ\"आबादारिफोरनि थाखाय मोजांसिन आबादफोर\" दिहुन्नो थाखाय भारताव फैफिन्नो थुलुंगा होदोंमोन।", "eng": "Listening to a Norman Borlaug lecture at a Bologna conference in 2003 changed the trajectory of Varshney's career: it inspired him to return to India to \"create better crops for farmers\"." }

{ "brx": "दिनै जेब्ला वार्ष्णेयया गावनि बिजिरसं हानजाजों गायजानाय रानखावनाय होबथाग्रा बुद आरो थाजिम सुफुंसारनायजों बुंफबनाय बादाम जोलैनि मोनसे फोथाराव गसङोब्ला, बियो मोनसे खुसिजानाय मोन्दांथिजों देरहानाय मोनो दि बिथांनि गावनि हादोर फारसे फैफिन्नाय आरो आबादारिफोरखौ सिबिनाया जाफुंनायनि लामायाव।", "eng": "Today, as Varshney stands amidst a field planted with drought-tolerant chickpea and nutrition-rich groundnut bred by his research group, he is overcome by a sense of satisfaction that his mission to return to his homeland and serve the farmer community is closer to being accomplished." }

{ "brx": "जिनम-हेफाजाब होनाय बिफां फिसा आजायनाय नाजानाया माखासे आखाय थारखासे जिनफोराव सोनारना दं, नाथाय ए.आइ आरो गिदिर खारि बिगियाना खेबसेयावनो रोजा-रोजा जिनफोर एबा गासै-बिफांनि जिनमखौ नायबिजिरनो खाबु होगोन।", "eng": "The genome-assisted plant breeding approach rested on a few handfuls of genes, but AI and Big Data sciences will allow the analysis of thousands of genes or whole-plant genomes at one go." }

{ "brx": "बै बोलोग्ना जथुम्मायाव बिगियानगिरिफोरनि थाखाय बोरलॉगा जाय बादिखौ खाना होदोंमोन - जायखौ वार्ष्णेयया जोसोजों लादोंमोन - मोजां रोखोमै आरो नंगुबैयै लोगो जादोंमोन।", "eng": "The challenge that Borlaug set for scientists at that Bologna conference - which Varshney took to heart - has been well and truly joined." }

{ "brx": "राजिंदर कुमार: बिथाङा ब्यूटी इन बबल्स (1934 - 2022) नायदोंमोन।", "eng": "Rajinder Kumar: He saw Beauty in Bubbles (1934 - 2022)" }

{ "brx": "सासे सरासनस्रा नङै बिगियानगिरि, रोंमोनदांथिगोनां बोसोनगिरि आरो खुंगिरि, बिथाङा सानखान्थियारि मदेलिङाव सोनारनाय केमिकल इंजीनियरिंगनि गंसे स्कूल बानायदोंमोन।", "eng": "An extraordinary scientist, mentor and administrator, he built a school of chemical engineering based on mathematical modelling." }

{ "brx": "जेरै बिबुंगोरा राजिंदर कुमारा गावनि बिबुंथिफोराव बुङोमोन, बियो गासै मोनसे फेंफोनानिफ्राय जागायदों।", "eng": "As Professor Rajinder Kumar used to say in his lectures, it all started with a bubble." }

{ "brx": "राजिंदर कुमारा बेयाव मोनसे गुबुन समायना नुदोंमोन। बिथाङा रासायनिक रिएक्टरफोराव फेंफोना बानायनाय, जायगा सोलायहोनाय आरो सिफायनायनि गोहोफोरखौ गोसो मेगनजों नायदोंमोन।", "eng": "Rajinder Kumar saw in them a different beauty. He visualised the forces that form, move and break up bubbles in chemical reactors." }

{ "brx": "बिथांनि गोसोआ बेफोर गोहोखौ माखासे समायना सानखान्थियारि समानथायफोराव महर होदोंमोन जायफोरनिफ्राय इन्जिनियारफ्रा रियेक्टर महर होदोंमोन।", "eng": "His mind translated these forces into elegant mathematical equations that engineers used to design reactors." }

{ "brx": "बै समाव फेंफोनानि सायाव मोजां बुंफुरलु गैयामोन - इन्जिनियारफ्रा बेखौ महर एबा नेरसोनसो बुङोमोन - जदिउबो रियेक्टरफोरखौ जखा सुनो आरो बानायनो थाखाय बेखौ बुजिनाया गोनांथार।", "eng": "There wasn't at that time a good theory of bubbles - engineers called them models - although understanding them was key to building and scaling reactors." }

{ "brx": "पिएइसडि जोबनायनि बोसोरनैसो उनावनो कुमारआ इन्जिनियारफोरनि दैनि ड्रप्स आरो फेंफोनानि सायाव थानाय गियानखौ जौगाखांहोयो।", "eng": "Within a few years of finishing his PhD, Kumar transformed engineers' understanding of drops and bubbles." }

{ "brx": "गोनांथारखौ गुदि खिथनि बेले बेजेनि गेजेराव सिनायनो हानाय गोहोआनो कुमारनि खामानिनि फाराग खालामथाव आखुथाय जायो।", "eng": "An ability to spot the important within a morass of detail became the distinguishing feature of Kumar’s work." }

{ "brx": "बुहुमनाङै, मोब्लिबारि मटर-गारि (ईवी) नि दिहुन्नाय आरो फान्नायाव गोख्रैथि फैदों, आदबफोरनि जौगानाय, गोथां गोहो बिथांखिफोर आरो मोनसे गोबां दामावब्लाबो बायग्रा आब'हावा-लोगो बायगिरिफोरनि बांलांनो हमनायफोरनो बिनि थाखाय मान बावनांगोन।", "eng": "Globally, there's a boom in electric vehicle (E.V.) production and sales, thanks to technological progress, green energy policies and an increase in the number of consumers preferring eco-friendly mobility even at a premium." }

{ "brx": "कुमारआ पंजाबनि ह'शियारपुर जिलानि बाजवारा गामियाव जोनोम मोनदों मोन। 1954 मायथाइयाव पंजाब मुलुगसोलोंसालिनिफ्राय बि.ए दिग्री लाखांनायनि उनाव बिथाङा गावनि गामियाव फोरोंगिरि जादों मोन।", "eng": "Kumar was born in Bajwara village in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab. After his graduation from Panjab University in 1954, he became a teacher in his village." }

{ "brx": "बिथांनि नखरा गोब्राब समजों जुजि नामदों मोन, आरो बिथाङा गावनि सोलोंथाइखौ सोलिबाय थाहोनो हायाखै मोन।", "eng": "His family was facing hard times, and he could not continue his education." }

{ "brx": "1965 मायथाइयाव कुमारा गावनि पीएचडीखौ इलेक्ट्र'लाइटिक गिलिर दै दिहुन्नायाव फोजोबदोंमोन।", "eng": "Kumar finished his PhD in 1965 on electrolytic production of heavy water." }

{ "brx": "आनजाद नायग्रा सुबिदाया बै समाव आईआईएससीआव जोबोद निखावरि मोन।", "eng": "Experimental facilities in IISc were poor at that time." }

{ "brx": "मोजां मावफुं जानायजों, बेयो गोथं ग्र'हआव हान्था-मेलानि थाखाय गोबां मुलाम्फाफोर होनो हागोन।", "eng": "Done right, it could pay rich dividends for mobility in a greener planet." }

{ "brx": "हावइनदियालिवस.कम", "eng": "howindialives.com" }

{ "brx": "रासायनिक जनत्र' बिद्दाया भारताव गावनो मोनसे जोनोम मोनगोदान आइदा मोन, आरो मुलुगसोलोंसालि बिफानफोरा इसे फिसा मोन।", "eng": "Chemical engineering itself was a nascent subject in India, and university departments were quite small." }

{ "brx": "भारतनि रासायनिक दारिमिना उदांस्रीनि उनाव गोख्रै जौगागासिनो दं, नाथाय रासायनिक कंपनिफोरनि फालांगिया गोथौ बिजिरसंनायनि सायाव सोनारनाय नङामोन, आरो फारसेथिं बिसोरो नांगौ बिबांनि बिजिरसंगिरिफोरखौबो थिसनाखैमोन।", "eng": "India's chemical industry had been growing rapidly since independence, but chemical companies' business was not based on deep research, and they did not employ enough researchers either." }

{ "brx": "गावनि थैनायनिफ्राय खुनुमथै माखासे दानफोरनि सिगाङाव लिरनाय मोनसे लिरबिदाङाव, राजिंदर कुमारा बुहुमनां देदेन्नायखौ मोनफुंनो थाखाय भारतारि बिगियान्नि मावनो हायैयाव उनदाहा खालाम लांदोंमोन।", "eng": "In an article he wrote barely months before he died, Rajinder Kumar rued the incapacity of Indian science to attain world leadership." }

{ "brx": "कुमारा 1995 माइथायाव बिफान्निफ्राय आजिरा मोनदोंमोन। अब्लासिम, गुबुन-गुबुन कमितिफोराव बोसोन आरो सोद्रोमा जानायनि गेजेरजों भारतारि बिगियाननि बोहैथि दाहाराव बिथांनि मोनसे गोबां गोहोम दंमोन, जेराव बिथाङा रावखौबो गाहाय खालामालासै जुक्ति गोनां आरो बादायथावै नोजोरखौ गोख्रों खालामनाय गावनि सरासनस्रा नङै महरखौ लाबोदोंमोन।", "eng": "Kumar retired from the department in 1995. By then, he had had a substantial influence on the course of Indian science through mentoring and membership in various committees, where he brought his unique style of forcing a logical and uncontestable point of view without running down anyone." }

{ "brx": "5 बोसोराव बुहुमनां मोब्लिब मथ'र-गारि फाननाया 5-गुन बांगोन होननानै इयुननि बाथ्रा बुंदों।", "eng": "Global sales of electric vehicles are tipped to grow 5-fold in 5 years" }

{ "brx": "एम.एम. शर्मा, इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ केमिकल टेक्नोलॉजी, मुंबईनि बारग' सामलायगिरिया बुङो \"बिथाङा खोनासंनो थाखाय थियारिमोन आरो बिथाङा नांगौनि बारा सोदोब बाहायालासै सोंखारिनाय बिबुंथि होयोमोन\"।", "eng": "\"He was willing to listen and he made critical comments without being verbose,\" says M.M. Sharma, former director of the Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai." }

{ "brx": "बिथाङा आरए माशेलकरखौ 1995 माइथायाव सी.एस.आई.आर.नि डिरेक्टर जेनरल महरै बिबान नाजावनो राजि खालाम होदोंमोन।", "eng": "He persuaded R.A. Mashelkar to accept an offer as CSIR Director-General in 1995." }

{ "brx": "माशेलकरा बुङो, ''कुमारनाव गुबुनखौ गाज्रि मोनहोआलासे साबसिनखौ दाबि खालामनो हानाय सोलो दंमोन।\"", "eng": "\"Kumar had the ability to insist on excellence without making someone feel bad,\" says Mashelkar." }

{ "brx": "माशेलकरा बुङो, ''आरो गिबि खेबनि थाखाय सी.एस.आई.आर. नि बिगियानगिरिफोरा बे सानजेनदोंमोन दि नोंथाङा जाफुंसार जायाबोला जेबो नङा।\"", "eng": "\"And for the first time, CSIR scientists started thinking that it did not matter if you fail,\" says Mashelkar." }

{ "brx": "बेयाव बिथाङा बुहुमनां दैदेन्नायखौ मोन्नो हायैनि थाखाय भारतारि बिगियाननि मावनो हायैयाव दुखु मोन्नाय फोरमायदोंमोन, आरो साबसिनखौ दाबि खालामैनि थाखाय बेखौ बिगियानारि खान्थिनि सायाव दाय होदोंमोन।", "eng": "In it, he rued the incapacity of Indian science to attain world leadership, and blamed it on the scientific system not demanding excellence." }

{ "brx": "जानो हागौ गांगा थ'फाफोराव बिथां नुनाय समायना नुथाया सोलेर फामनो हाथावनामोन।", "eng": "Perhaps the beauty he saw in bubbles was therapeutic enough." }

{ "brx": "जेब्ला रानलायना-गाखोग्रा कम्पानी अ'लाया जुलायाव मोब्लिब साखा-खबनैनि जागायनायखौ फोसावदों मोन, बियो 24 घनथायाव 100,000 थि खालाम खानाय मोनदों मोन।", "eng": "When ride-sharing company Ola announced in July it was launching an electric two-wheeler, it received 100,000 bookings in 24 hours." }

{ "brx": "बेटारिफोर: फैगौ जलैयाव बेटारिफोरा खम बसेन जागोन आरो गोबावसिन जोरगोन।", "eng": "Batteries: Next-generation batteries will cost less and last longer" }

{ "brx": "फारिनि आइदाखौ बिबुंसार होनो थाखाय, बेटारि बाहाय बिगियाना जौगानांगौ: लीथियम-आयन बेटारिफोरखौ साबसिन खालामनाय, आरो गोदान बेसादफोर आरो नोजोरखौ दावगाहोनाय मोनैयावबो।", "eng": "To address the range issue, battery technology has to progress: both in improving Lithium-Ion batteries, and in developing new materials and approaches." }

{ "brx": "र'की माउन्टेन फसंथायआ सानखांथि खालामदोंदि लीथियम-आयन बेटारिफोरनि बेसेना गोदान दिहुनथायजों गोसो होसोजानानै 2025 मायथाइसिम $87/किल'वाट घन्थायाव गोगलैनो हागौ।", "eng": "Rocky Mountain Institute projects that costs of Li-ion batteries could drop to $87/kWh by 2025 driven by innovations." }

{ "brx": "b) इयुन ई.भि. बाहायनायफोराव गोदान खालामफिननो हाथावाव मोब्लिब बोहैथि समानथायनि थाखाय खम बेसेन आरो गोबाव सम जोरनाय बेटारिफोर जेरै जिंक-बिथा खालाम जानाय, बोहैथि, आरो गोजौ दुंथाय बाहाय बिगियानफोर।", "eng": "b) low-cost and long-duration batteries such as zinc-based, flow, and high-temperature technologies for grid balancing in a high-renewable and future E.V. applications." }

{ "brx": "ई.भि.फोरनि आरो बेटारिफोरनि जौगाखांनाया बेटारि सार्ज खालामग्रा बिथाजों गोरोब नांगोन, जाय ओंथिगोनां रां थिसननायनि थाखाय लेंहरो।", "eng": "The growth in E.Vs and batteries should be matched by growth in battery charging infrastructure, which calls for significant investments." }

{ "brx": "गोबां बोसोर, राजीब वार्सनिया जिननि मददजों ब्रिदिं आदब बाहायना बोसोरनां थावरिनो हानाय बेगर जोलै सोरजिदों।", "eng": "For years, Rajeev Varshney has been using genome-assisted breeding techniques to create hardy crops." }

{ "brx": "वार्ष्णेय, जाय दायो आई.सी.आर.आई.एस.एटीनि गोख्रै आबाद जौगाहोनाय मावथांखिनि बिजिरसं मावथांखि सालायगिरि, बिथाङा बुङो, जथुम्माया आंनि जिउहाबानि मोनसे दिंग्राय बिन्दोमोन। \"आं जार्मानीयाव मावबायथानाय गुदि बिजिरसं बिथांखिखौ गारनो थिरांथा लादोंमोन आरो भारताव फैफिनदोंमोन आरो जिन आरोंदायारि गोनोखोनि गोहोखौ बाहायना आबादारिफोरनि थाखाय साबसिन आबादफोर दिहुनदोंमोन।\"", "eng": "The conference was a turning point in my career, says Varshney, who is today ICRISAT's Research Program Director – Accelerated Crop Improvement Programme. \"I decided to give up the basic research project I was pursuing in Germany and return to India and use the power of gene technology to create better crops for farmers in my country.\"" }

{ "brx": "सानस्रिया गोजौमोन नाथाय लामाया गोब्राबमोन।", "eng": "The idea was lofty, but the road was tough." }

{ "brx": "रुंसारि जानायनि माखासे दानफोरनि सिगां बिथाङा \"मोजां बिगियान खालामनाया थोजासे मोजां?\" बिमुङै मोनसे लिरबिदां लिरदोंमोन आरो लोगोफोरनि गेजेराव रान्ना होदोंमोन।", "eng": "A few months before he died, he wrote and circulated among friends an article titled \"Is doing good science good enough?\"" }

{ "brx": "बिथाङा हेफाजाबगिरिफोरखौ नागिरदोंमोन, नाथाय जोबोद एसेल' बिगियानगिरिफोरा बैफोर फसलनि सायाव हाबा मावगासिनोमोन। बिथाङा गावनि मावथांखिनि थांखिनि थाखाय राङारि अनसुंथाइ मोननो हायाखैमोन।", "eng": "He looked around for collaborators, but very few scientists were working on these crops. He could not secure funding for his project proposals." }

{ "brx": "बेनिखायनो, बिथांनि हान्जानि गिबि बोसोरफोरनि बिजिरसंनाया बुध, फारौ मट'र आरो बादामनि सायाव गुदि गियाननि ओंथि दिहुननायाव थाङो।", "eng": "So, the initial years of his team’s research went into deciphering primary knowledge about chickpea, pigeon pea and groundnut." }

{ "brx": "जिखिजादोआ बबे गथ'आ लुबैजाथाव आखुथाइ थायो बेखौ नागिरनाया गोबां सम लायो।", "eng": "However, finding out which offspring carries the desirable traits is time-intensive." }

{ "brx": "मोजांसिन आबादफोर दिहुन्नो वार्ष्णेयनि नायसोमसालिया बाहायनाय जिनम-हेफाजाब होनाय फिसा आजायनाय नाजानायफोरखौ बाहायना, सोरबा सासेया फिसा-फिसौफोरखौ फिसा बिफांनि थाखोआवबो आनजाद नायनो हायो- आरो जायफोरा मोन्नैबो हास्थाय जानाय आखुथायफोरखौ लाफायो सिनायनो हायो।", "eng": "Using the genome-assisted breeding approaches that Varshney's lab has used to create better crops, one can screen the progenies even at the plantlet stage – and identify the ones that carry both the desired traits." }

{ "brx": "वार्ष्णेयजों जौगा होजानाय रानखावनाय होबथाग्रा बुदनि रोखोमाफोरा खालि आनजादल' नायजायाखैमोन आरो भारताव बाहाय जागासिनोबो दं, नाथाय बेफोरखौ इथिय'पियायावबो हगारना होनाय जादोंमोन आरो माखासे गुबुन हादोरफोराव आनजाद नायजागासिनो दं।", "eng": "Not only have the drought-resistant chickpea varieties developed by Varshney been tested and are being used in India, but they have also been released in Ethiopia and are being tested in a few other countries." }

{ "brx": "नायसोमसालियाव बिफां बिगियान्नि थाखाय आर्टिफिशियेल इन्टेलिजेन्स आरो मेसिन लारनिङा जाफुंसारनायनि गिदिर मिजिं गोनां गाहायै जेब्ला जिन'मिक फारि खारि आरो फिन'टिपिक खारिजों सरजाब जायो।", "eng": "In the lab. Artificial intelligence and machine learning hold big promise for plant science, particularly when integrated with genomic sequence data and phenotypic data." }