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_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So when you read a must be false paragraph, you should still use your normal inference brain to look for what sort of possible things you could infer by combining two or more ideas. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | And remember that must be false doesn't mean which answer is making a bad unsupported inference. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Illegal reversals and illegal negations are illegal inferences, but they're not contradictions. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | It's not about, hey, we didn't talk about that. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Therefore, it must be false. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Anything out of scope could not possibly be contradicted. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | You can only contradict something that you know about. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | But must be false is saying something we do know is wrong. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Let's take a look at a real example from test 71. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Pause the recording, try this problem on your own for about a minute and a half, and then on pause when you're ready to talk about it. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | This is a very atypical phrasing for a must be false type of question. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | It's talking about violating the principle. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | The word principle almost always means a conditional claim on LSAT. So must be false would have us thinking conditional, and principle would also have us thinking conditional. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Sure enough, the word unless is there. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Unless is a very common conditional trigger word, and one of the easiest ways to always know you're setting it up correctly is to learn that unless is the same as if not. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | The if part of a rule goes on the left. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | And if not is just saying, we'll put the negated version of this on the left. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | The idea that comes after unless is that your purpose is acting in the interest of some other person. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Since we are thinking, OK, if not, we're going to say if your purpose is not acting in the interest of another person, then you should not intentionally misrepresent their beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | All right, so we have a principle, conditional rule. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | We used unless, if not, to make sure we set it up correctly. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Now we have to think, all right, what does it mean to violate a principle? |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | It means to contradict a conditional. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | And the form for that is, I need a counter example where the trigger happens, but the outcome doesn't. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So we can anticipate an answer that would sound like the left side happens. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Somebody was not acting in the interest of somebody else. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | But the outcome is opposite of what it should be. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | This person does intentionally misrepresent the other person's beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | If you want, you can pause the recording one more time to double check your answer to see whether it gives you the blue and the red. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Let's look at choice A. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | If we're wondering whether or not Ann was acting in the interest of Bruce, that last idea says she was definitely not acting in his interest. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | In fact, she just wanted to make him look ridiculous. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | OK, so we've established the trigger. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Now we want to see Ann does intentionally misrepresent Bruce's beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | She tells someone that Bruce thought that the moon landing was a hoax, even though she knows he doesn't think this. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | OK, well, so then yes, she definitely, intentionally misrepresented Bruce's beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | It looks like this is our correct answer, because it triggered the rule, but then gave us the opposite of what the outcome told us we should do. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Let's check the other answers to feel better about picking a. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | B says that Claude told someone, Felma believes in aliens, even though he knew that wasn't the truth. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | But he wanted to keep this other person from bothering her. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So first we wanted to know is Claude acting or not acting in the interest of Felma? |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | He is acting in her interest. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | That last idea is saying he was just trying to keep someone from bothering Felma. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So we don't get off the ground on this one. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | The other part is right. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | I mean, he does intentionally misrepresent her beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | But because he does so for her sake, it isn't covered by this principle. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | This principle only covers cases when you aren't acting in the interest of the other person. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | We can get rid of B. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | When we scan C, trying to figure out whether or not one person was acting in the interest of another, we can see that the motivation was he wanted these people to think highly of Maria. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So it sounds like he's acting in Maria's interest. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | That means that again, we're not going to get anywhere with this, because we didn't establish that blue, the trigger that says he wasn't acting in their interest and he intentionally misrepresented her beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | We also don't really know whether he misrepresented Maria's beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | All we know is that Maria didn't want him to say a certain thing. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | But it may have been a true belief Maria had. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So it doesn't match the trigger, but it also doesn't clearly match the outcome as well. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | When it comes to D, what are the motivations of Harvey? |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | He said what he said, because he thought she would like him as a result. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So Harvey is saying something not in the interest of somebody else, but in his own selfish interest. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | He's not acting in the interest of Josephine. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Does he intentionally misrepresent Josephine's beliefs? |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | No, he intentionally misrepresents his beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | He glies about thinking that she'll one day be famous, but that's not covered by the rule. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | This rule is saying you shouldn't intentionally misrepresent what other people believe. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | It doesn't say whether or not we're allowed to intentionally misrepresent our own beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Get rid of D, because it doesn't match the outcome. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | When we look at E, and we check on Wanda's motivations, she is just trying to embarrass George. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | She wants people to know that George is a geography fool. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | OK, so we've established the blue. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | She's not acting in the interest of George. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Does she intentionally misrepresent George's beliefs? |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | We know from this paragraph that Wanda knows that Egypt isn't really in Asia, but we don't know whether or not George genuinely believes that she might be correctly representing George's silly beliefs that Egypt is in Asia. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Since we don't know whether or not George actually believes Egypt is in Asia, we can't tell whether she's misrepresenting his belief or correctly representing it. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Thus, this answer does establish the blue trigger, but it's not clearly delivering that red outcome. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So is our correct answer? |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | We were trying to violate a principle. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | We knew we'd be getting a conditional role, and we know that violating or contradicting a conditional means that you establish the trigger is happening, but then say the outcome isn't. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So we picked an answer where somebody was not acting in the interest of someone else, and was just trying to make Bruce look silly. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | And she did intentionally misrepresent his beliefs. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | She told people that he thinks the moon landing is a hoax, even though she knows he doesn't actually think that. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Conditional logic is the name of the game and must be false. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | The vast majority of these end up testing conditional logic one way or another. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Let's take a look at one more example. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Pause the recording. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Give this one a try for about a minute and a half, and then unpause when you're ready to talk about it. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Welcome back. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | This question stem gives us the could be true except wording. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | When we go to this paragraph, do we see any conditional logic this time? |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | Yes, we actually see quite a bit, only when, until essential if, yes, those are all conditional logic trigger words. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | It's about 15 or 20 words we should memorize that show up a lot to introduce conditional logic, and we want to memorize for each word whether it introduces a sufficient condition that we would put on the left side of the arrow, whether it introduces a necessary condition that we would put on the right side of the arrow, or whether it's one of those special, if not words like unless, that we saw in the previous problem. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | The most common sufficient triggers are things like if, when, where, whenever, wherever, any universal, like all each, any, every. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | And the only is a sneaky little counter example, because only an only if, and only when, are the most common necessary trigger words. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | You'll also see words that sound like a guarantee, things that ensure imply guarantee, always lead to something else, introduce a right side idea. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | And words that introduce necessity, if we're saying that we require something, we need it, we depend on it, that thing also would go on the right side on the necessary side. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | In fact, it's just really nice to remember that if it's required, it goes on the right. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | And then we have these three words, unless, until and without, where the rule that you want to memorize is that you will put whatever idea comes after that word on the left side of the arrow, but a negated version. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So if not, is saying, you treat it like if, in that you put it on the left side, but you need to put the negated version. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So returning to this paragraph, the first one we saw was only when, which is just like only if, it introduces a right side idea, a necessary condition. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | So helping students become independent learners has to be on the right side of the arrow. |
_9fM5XUMpYg | "2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC" | Must be False | And that means being an effective teacher goes on the left. |