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The 12th-century English historian Henry of Huntingdon mentions a Roman "town on the river (Nene), in Huntingdonshire, which is entirely destroyed" as one of his interpretations of the 28 cities of Britain. This town is again mentioned by William Lambarde in his Dictionarium Angliae Topographicum & Historicum. Henry names this town as Dormchester a name which he translates from the Celtic Kair-Dorm. The '-Dorm' element may translate as water (Dwr in modern Welsh and a common root for place-names throughout England), if so, there is a possible continuation of the name into English as Chester-on-the-Water. Currently however, no modern study has entirely rejected or accepted this hypothesis.

Controversy surrounds Capitol Lake because it replaced an estuary. Because of a high rate of siltation, the lake was dredged periodically in the past to keep it from filling in, a classic case of eutrophication. Additionally, poor water quality has caused the lake to be closed to swimmers due to unsafe levels of E. coli). In June 2012, the Washington State Department of Ecology released a report titled: Deschutes River, Capitol Lake, and Budd Inlet Temperature, Fecal Coliform Bacteria, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, and Fine Sediment Total Maximum Daily Load Technical Report - Water Quality Study Findings by scientists; Mindy Roberts, Anise Ahmed, Greg Pelletier, and David Osterberg This study provided information in a question and answer format.

A computer glitch is the failure of a system, usually containing a computing device, to complete its functions or to perform them properly. In public declarations, glitch is used to suggest a minor fault which will soon be rectified and is therefore used as a euphemism for a bug, which is a factual statement that a programming fault is to blame for a system failure. It frequently refers to an error which is not detected at the time it occurs but shows up later in data errors or incorrect human decisions. Situations which are frequently called computer glitches are incorrectly written software (software bugs), incorrect instructions given by the operator (operator errors, and a failure to account for this possibility might also be considered a software bug), undetected invalid input data (this might also be considered a software bug), undetected communications errors, computer viruses, Trojan attacks and computer exploiting (sometimes called "hacking"). Such glitches could produce problems such as keyboard malfunction, number key failures, screen abnormalities (turned left, right or upside-down), random program malfunctions, and abnormal program registering. Examples of computer glitches causing disruption include an unexpected shutdown of a water filtration plant in New Canaan, 2010, failures in the Computer Aided Dispatch system used by the police in Austin, resulting in unresponded 911 calls, and an unexpected bit flip causing the Cassini spacecraft to enter "safe mode" in November 2010. Glitches can also be costly: in 2015, a bank was unable to raise interest rates for weeks resulting in losses of more than a million dollars per day.

Drug-eluting stents generally consist of three parts - the stent platform, a polymer coating that binds the drug to the stent and releases drug (although stents have been tested that do without a coating), and the drug. The stent platform itself is an expandable framework, generally with an elaborate mesh-like design to allow expansion, flexibility, and in some cases the ability to make/enlarge side openings for side vessels. The first DES were stainless steel alloys composed of iron, nickel, and chromium and were based on existing bare metal stents. These stents were hard to visualize with medical imaging, posed a risk of causing allergic responses, and were difficult to deliver, and subsequent new alloys were brought to bear, namely cobalt-chrome and platinum chrome, with improved performance. Subsequently, bioresorbable stents have been developed in which the stent itself dissolves over time. As of 2009, materials that had been explored included magnesium, polylactic acid, polycarbonate polymers, and salicylic acid polymers. Resorbable stents have held the promise of providing an acute treatment that would eventually allow the vessel to function normally, without leaving a permanent device behind. One to three or more layers of polymer can be used in the coating, e.g., a base layer for adhesion, a main layer that holds and elutes (releases) the drug into the arterial wall by contact transfer, and sometimes a top coat to slow down the release of the drug and extend its effect. The first few drug-eluting stents to be licensed used durable coatings. The first generation coatings appear to have caused immunological reactions at times and some possibly led to thrombosis, which has driven experimentation and development of new coating approaches. The drug is mainly to inhibit neointimal growth (due to the proliferation of smooth muscle cells) that would cause restenosis. Much of the neointimal hyperplasia seems to be caused by inflammation. Hence, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative drugs are used. Sirolimus, paclitaxel, and everolimus were previously used for other medical applications and have been included in licensed DES.

Unlike Pi Vell, Pi Jove had escaped the attentions of vandals until more recently, due to its lower political profile and greater distance (200 m) from the road. In 2010, it was discovered with a circumferential cut through the bark, in addition to apparent shotgun damage. Vandals attacked it in June 2015, attempting to saw through one of its trunks, though it was not thought that the damage was serious enough to kill the affected trunk. As a precaution, in December 2015 arborists installed a frame to hold the three trunks together and ensure their stability. In January 2016, deeper chainsaw cuts were discovered on the already-damaged trunk which are believed harsh enough to kill the trunk altogether; these vandals also attacked Pi Vell.

In the Bahamas, Dora brought heavy rains and high winds to Nassau. Along the coast of Florida, tides reached up to 10 ft (3.0 m) above mean sea level. The hurricane also produced storm surge and abnormally high tides on the Gulf Coast of Florida, especially from Tampa Bay to St. Marks, where tides between 2 and 6 ft (0.61 and 1.83 m) were observed. Residents were forced to evacuate their homes. Strong winds lashed northeastern Florida, with sustained wind of 125 mph (205 km/h) observed in St. Augustine. Many locations north of Daytona Beach received sustained winds of at least 100 mph (160 km/h). Because of the slow movement of Dora, some places experienced the worst of the storm for as much as 24 hours. Many areas of North Florida received at least 10 in (250 mm) of rainfall, damaging many unharvested crops and inundating numerous roads and bridges, which isolated some communities for several days. Throughout Florida, 74 dwellings were flattened and 9,374 received damage, while 14 mobile homes were destroyed and 218 others suffered severe impact. About 50 farm buildings and 423 small businesses were severely damaged or demolished.

There is not always a clear difference between cult and mainstream media. Series such as James Bond, Doctor Who, Star Trek, Star Wars, Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings, Game of Thrones, Rocky Horror, Clueless, Ethel & Ernest, The Dark Knight, and Mean Girls attract mass audiences but also have core groups of fanatical followers. Professors Xavier Mendik and Ernest Mathijs, authors of 100 Cult Films, argue that the devoted following among these films make them cult classics. In many cases, films that have cult followings may have been financial flops during their theatrical box office run, and even received mixed or mostly negative reviews by mainstream media, but still be considered a major success by small core groups or communities of fans devoted to such films. Some cults are only popular within a certain subculture. The film Woodstock (1969) is especially loved within the hippie subculture, while Hocus Pocus (1993) holds cult status among American women born in the 1980s. Certain mainstream icons can become cult icons in a different context for certain people. Reefer Madness (1936) was originally intended to warn youth against the use of marijuana, but because of its ridiculous plot, overwhelming amount of factual errors and cheap look, it is now often watched by audiences of marijuana-smokers and has gained a cult following. Quentin Tarantino's films borrow stylistically from classic cult films, but are appreciated by a large audience, and therefore lie somewhere between cult and mainstream. Certain cult phenomena can grow to such proportions that they become mainstream.

Sedition laws were initially introduced in Singapore and the other Straits Settlements (S.S.) through the Sedition Ordinance 1938. Similar legislation was introduced in the Federated Malay States (F.M.S.) in 1939, in the form of the Sedition Enactment 1939. While the Sedition Ordinance 1938 (S.S.) remained in force in Singapore after it became a Crown colony in 1946 and a self-governing state in 1959, in the Federation of Malaya the law was replaced by the Sedition Ordinance 1948 which was introduced by the British to silence dissent against colonialism and British rule. Speaking during a Federal Legislative Council debate on 6 July 1948, the Acting Attorney-General of the Federation, E. P. S. Bell, said the Government considered it "convenient to have a Federal law" to replace the various sedition enactments in the Federation which were based on a model ordinance "sent to this country some years ago by the Colonial Office". The Ordinance was largely a re-enactment of the F.M.S. Enactment, though the penalties for the offences under section 4 were increased and two new clauses (now sections 9 and 10) were included. The 1948 Ordinance was extended to Singapore in 1963 following its merger with the Federation together with Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. Singapore retained the legislation after its separation from Malaysia with effect from 9 August 1965. The current version of the legislation in Singapore is the Sedition Act (Chapter 290, 1985 Revised Edition).

University of Oregon archaeologist Luther Cressman's 1938 excavations at Fort Rock Cave placed human habitation in Oregon as early as 13,200 years ago. Cressman's team also recovered numerous examples of sandals woven from sagebrush bark below a layer of Mazama Ash (deposited by the explosion forming Crater Lake about 7600 years ago). Radiocarbon dating of these sandals, now displayed at the University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History in Eugene and in the town of Fort Rock, has shown some to be over 10,000 years old. This sandal style is known as Fort Rock style, since they were first discovered there. This sandal style is distinct from other variants; they are flat, closed toed and have a twined sole. They have been found at other sites, such as Cougar Mountain and Catlow Caves, as well. Several other prehistoric artifacts have been found at Fort Rock Cave, including basketry and stone tools. The artifacts found by Stephen Bedwell in 1970 were found in one of the remaining unvandalized areas of the cave.

In 1893, the Chemin de Fer du Nord became the first French private railway to be represented in the UK, establishing an office at London Victoria station. Almost 20 years later, the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM) opened an office at 179 Piccadilly, London. In 1937 France nationalised its rail network and the Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français (SNCF) was created by the merger of the state railway company with five other principal operators. SNCF created French Railways, incorporating the UK operations of its predecessors. In 1995 French Railways opened a larger public call centre in Leake Street (near Waterloo station) in London, and two years later acquired British Rail International. SNCF subsequently merged French Railways and British Rail International to form Rail Europe Limited. In 2002 Rail Europe merged its head office operations from Piccadilly and the call centre from Leake Street into new premises in Kings Hill, Kent, and in December 2007 the travel centre in Piccadilly moved to new premises shared with VisitBritain at British Columbia House in Regent Street, London. In February 2012, the travel centre moved to 193 Piccadilly. In December 2013 Rail Europe rebranded itself as part of Voyages-sncf.com in the UK. In November 2015 the Voyages-sncf London travel centre closed, since then bookings can be made online, via a mobile app, or through the Voyages-sncf.com call centre. The North American, Australian and World websites however still use the Rail Europe brand.

Karl Büsser made his debut in national and international sidecarcross in 1974 on the side of Ernst Ruegg, whose passenger he would remain until the end of the 1980 season. The two competed in what was originally the FIM-Cup and became the European Championship in 1975, to turn into the World Championship in 1980. The pair saw a continues improvement from season to season, finishing 21st overall in 1974 and coming in as high as fourth in 1977. After that, results declined again and, after two eleventh places in 1978 and 1979 the duo finished 17th in 1980. In between, Büsser raced for one Grand Prix in 1979 with German driver Reinhard Böhler who would become the first-ever World Champion in the sport the following year. In the Swiss national championship between 1974 and 1978 the team generally finished between places three and six. Only in the 1980 season did they finish below that, coming eighth. In 1981 Karl Büsser joined the team of Emil Bollhalder and, with his new driver, had much greater success than before. The two came second in the Swiss championship in 1981, followed by winning the competition in 1982 and 1983. In the World Championship the team came fourth in its first year together, followed by two championships, in 1982 and 1983. On both occasions, they relegated the German team of Josef Brockhausen and Hubert Rebele to second place, by 62 points in 1982 and 11 points in 1983. After their double World Championship Karl Büsser retired from national and international competition at the end of the 1983 season, as did Emil Bollhalder.

Since then they have successfully toured all over Europe, North-America and Australia. In Summer 2007 they were asked by Peaches to join her as her backing band for one show at the Berlin Festival. After this successful collaboration, Sweet Machine became her new full-time backing band. They've performed together at the Exotic Erotic Ball 2007, the Hard New Year's Eve 2007 and also joined her New Zealand / Australia tour in 2008. In 2009 they teamed up again for a World Tour, touring North America, Europe and Asia in support of her new album I Feel Cream. In January / February 2010 Peaches and Sweet Machine once again toured Australia and New Zealand performing at the sold out Big Day Out festival playing alongside notable bands such as; Mastodon, The Mars Volta, Muse, Ladyhawke, Lily Allen, Simian Mobile Disco, Fear Factory, Dizzee Rascal, Eskimo Joe, Powderfinger and several other Australian and international bands. Sweet Machine will release new material in spring 2010.

Lillian Florence Hellman was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, into a Jewish family. Her mother was Julia Newhouse of Demopolis, Alabama, and her father was Max Hellman, a New Orleans shoe salesman. Julia Newhouse's parents were Sophie Marx, from a successful banking family, and Leonard Newhouse, a Demopolis liquor dealer. During most of her childhood she spent half of each year in New Orleans, in a boarding home run by her aunts, and the other half in New York City. She studied for two years at New York University and then took several courses at Columbia University. On December 31, 1925, Hellman married Arthur Kober, a playwright and press agent, although they often lived apart. In 1929, she traveled around Europe for a time and settled in Bonn to continue her education. She felt an initial attraction to a Nazi student group that advocated "a kind of socialism" until their questioning about her Jewish ties made their antisemitism clear, and she returned immediately to the United States. Years later she wrote, "Then for the first time in my life I thought about being a Jew."

The Oregon Country and the Columbia District are precursors to Cascadia. An 1813 letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Jacob Astor congratulated Astor on the establishment of Fort Astoria (the coastal fur trade post of Astor's Pacific Fur Company) and described Fort Astoria as "the germ of a great, free, and independent empire on that side of our continent, and that liberty and self-government spreading from that as well as from this side, will insure their complete establishment over the whole." He went on to criticize the British, who were also establishing fur trade networks in the region: "It would be an afflicting thing, indeed, should the English be able to break up the settlement. Their bigotry to the bastard liberty of their own country, and habitual hostility to every degree of freedom in any other, will induce the attempt." The same year of Jefferson's letter, Fort Astoria was sold to the British North West Company, based in Montreal. John Quincy Adams agreed with Jefferson's views about Fort Astoria, and labeled the entire Northwest as "the empire of Astoria", although he also saw the whole continent as "destined by Divine Providence to be peopled by one nation." As late as the 1820s James Monroe and Thomas Hart Benton thought the region west of the Rockies would be an independent nation. Elements among the region's colonist population starting in the 1840s sought to form their own country, despite their small number. Oregon pioneer John McLoughlin was employed as the "Chief Factor" (regional administrator) by the Hudson's Bay Company for the Columbia District, administered from Fort Vancouver. McLoughlin was a significant force in the early history of the Oregon Country, and argued for its independence. In 1842 McLoughlin (through his lawyer) advocated an independent nation that would be free of the United States during debates at the Oregon Lyceum. This view won support at first and a resolution was adopted. When the first settlers of the Willamette Valley held a series of politically foundational meetings in 1843, called the "Wolf Meetings," a majority voted to establish an independent republic. Action was postponed by George Abernethy of the Methodist Mission to wait on forming an independent country. In May 1843, the settlers in the Oregon Country created their first "western style" government as a Provisional Government. Several months later the Organic Laws of Oregon were drawn up to create a legislature, an executive committee, a judicial system, and a system of subscriptions to defray expenses. Members of the ultra-American party insisted that the final lines of the Organic Act would be "until such time as the USA extend their jurisdiction over us" to try to end the Oregon Territorial independence movement. George Abernethy was elected its first and only Provisional Governor, with an opposing faction led by Osborne Russell favoring independence. Russell proposed that the Oregon Territory not join the United States, but instead become a Pacific Republic that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to the Continental Divide. British claims north of the Columbia River were ceded to the United States by the contentious Oregon Treaty of 1846. In 1860, there were three different statements from separate influential individuals on the creation of a "Pacific Republic".

In a ruling published on 9 January 2017, the 7th Constitutional Court of Lima ordered the RENIEC to recognize and register the marriage of a same-sex couple who had previously wed in Mexico City. RENIEC later appealed the ruling. On 14 February 2017, a bill legalizing same-sex marriage was introduced in the Peruvian Congress. The 2018 Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling regarding the legalisation of same-sex marriage in countries that have ratified the American Convention on Human Rights applies to Peru. On 11 January, the president of the Supreme Court of Peru stated that the Peruvian Government should abide by the IACHR ruling.

Located in Popovo Polje in Ravno municipality, village Zavala with its old architecture and stone masonry, together with Vjetrenica cave, constitute the natural and architectural ensemble which is in the process of being protected as National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it is already placed on UNESCO Tentative List. The cave has a rich variety of fauna, with a high rate of endemism. The cave garnered worldwide fame in geological, biological and environmental communities for its imperiled and uncertain future, caused by unprofessional management lacking any expertise, and uncertain status at state and especially local level. Despite setbacks, the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, although creepingly slowly, nominated Vjeternica (with village Zavala) to UNESCO Tentative List clearly expressing intention to protect the cave and its biodiversity and eventually inscribe it with UNESCO.

The bay's shape and the steep cliffs along its northern shore sometimes create particularly windy conditions especially off Nepisiguit Bay. Under the right wind direction and speed, sea conditions on large areas of the bay can become quite treacherous. Tidal currents are generally weak, except at the mouths of some rivers and certain channels. Its configuration tends to channel the wind for two reasons: the steep cliffs on its North side, and its V shape. This means that in the middle of this section, off Nepisiguit Bay, there is a zone that is particularly windy and subject to high seas if the wind is from the Northwest or the Northeast. Tidal currents in this section rarely reach one knot, except at the mouths of some rivers and some channels.

The Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center (MIRC) of the National Technical University of Athens for the Protection and Development of Mountainous Environment and Local European Cultures was founded in 1993 by decision of the National Technical University of Athens Senate, following the proposal of the then Rector Professor Nikos Markatos. The principal aim of MIRC is to contribute to the protection and development of mountainous environment and local European cultures and the provision of continuing education. As well as, the conduct of research, studies, seminars and conferences, relevant to the broader object of MIRC, the creation of a European network with related organizations under the aegis of the center or the participation in already existing networks. The above will be utilized by universities, cultural, research and productive organizations with the aim of assisting Metsovon in becoming a European center of decentralized interdisciplinary, educational, research, technological and cultural activities of NTUA.

Indigenous people were the first inhabitants of the West Indies. In 1492, Christopher Columbus became the first European to arrive at the islands, where he is believed by historians to have first set foot on land in the Bahamas. After the first of the voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas, Europeans began to use the term West Indies to distinguish the region from the East Indies of South Asia and Southeast Asia. In the late sixteenth century, French, English and Dutch merchants and privateers began their operations in the Caribbean Sea, attacking Spanish and Portuguese shipping and coastal areas. They often took refuge and refitted their ships in the areas the Spanish could not conquer, including the islands of the Lesser Antilles, the northern coast of South America including the mouth of the Orinoco, and the Atlantic Coast of Central America. In the Lesser Antilles they managed to establish a foothold following the colonisation of St Kitts in 1624 and Barbados in 1626, and when the Sugar Revolution took off in the mid-seventeenth century, they brought in thousands of Africans to work the fields and mills as slave labourers. These Africans wrought a demographic revolution, replacing or joining with either the indigenous Caribs or the European settlers who were there as indentured servants. The struggle between the northern Europeans and the Spanish spread southward in the mid to late seventeenth century, as English, Dutch, French and Spanish colonists, and in many cases their slaves from Africa first entered and then occupied the coast of The Guianas (which fell to the French, English and Dutch) and the Orinoco valley, which fell to the Spanish. The Dutch, allied with the Caribs of the Orinoco, would eventually carry the struggles deep into South America, first along the Orinoco and then along the northern reaches of the Amazon. Since no European country had occupied much of Central America, gradually the English of Jamaica established alliances with the Miskito Kingdom of modern-day Nicaragua and Honduras, and then began logging on the coast of modern-day Belize. These interconnected commercial and diplomatic relations made up the Western Caribbean Zone which was in place in the early eighteenth century. In the Miskito Kingdom, the rise to power of the Miskito-Zambos, who originated in the survivors of a rebellion aboard a slave ship in the 1640s and the introduction of African slaves by British settlers within the Miskito area and in Belize, also transformed this area into one with a high percentage of persons of African descent as was found in most of the rest of the Caribbean. From the 17th through the 19th century, the European colonial territories of the West Indies were the French West Indies, British West Indies, the Danish West Indies, the Netherlands Antilles (Dutch West Indies), and the Spanish West Indies. In 1916, Denmark sold the Danish West Indies to the United States for US$25 million in gold, per the Treaty of the Danish West Indies. The Danish West Indies became an insular area of the U.S., called the United States Virgin Islands. Between 1958 and 1962, the United Kingdom re-organised all their West Indies island territories (except the British Virgin Islands and the Bahamas) into the West Indies Federation. They hoped that the Federation would coalesce into a single, independent nation. However, the Federation had limited powers, numerous practical problems, and a lack of popular support; consequently, it was dissolved by the British in 1963, with nine provinces eventually becoming independent sovereign states and four becoming current British Overseas Territories. West Indies or West India was the namesake of several companies of the 17th and 18th centuries, including the Danish West India Company, the Dutch West India Company, the French West India Company, and the Swedish West India Company. West Indian is the official term used by the U.S. government to refer to people of the West Indies.

The foundation is responsible for meeting the basic needs of children, to provide them food, education, health and aid for their families. In addition to providing daily necessities, the foundation also seeks to integrate the children into the wider society with the assistance of psychologists, sociologists, counselors and social workers. At the beginning of the day, social workers accompany the children to school. When school is over, the children are taken to the foundation headquarters where they participate in extra-curricular activities such as sports and the fine arts. Children in the programme are taught hygiene and self-grooming. Lunch and two snacks are provided daily. The organization's president is Andrés de la Fuente and Monica Giacoletto, who specialize in psychopedagogy. They are the father-and mother-in-law of Zanetti. Javier Zanetti has also received financial help from some teammates at Inter, as the Chilean Iván Zamorano. The operating cost of the foundation is in fact quite large, with about three hundred thousand per year in costs; in May 2009, the foundation takes care of over a thousand people, including children and their families.

FÚG armoured scout cars were serving with armies of six Warsaw Pact countries: Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, East Germany and Romania. Poland received small numbers of FÚG armoured scout cars in reconnaissance, command, artillery forward observation post and NBC reconnaissance versions in 1965. Those were probably Czechoslovak OT-65 Otter versions. They were withdrawn from military service in 1980s. After that it was used by internal protection units. No longer in any kind of service. Three were given to museums. Some were given to the proving grounds as targets after they were stripped of all equipment. Hungary also developed the PSzH-IV armored personnel carrier from the D-944 PSzH armoured scout car. The PSzH-IV prototype first appeared in 1966 and only took part in a single maneuver parade in Bratislava, mounting an egg-shaped turret and dummy automatic cannon. The prototype and the PSzH-IV were first thought to be an armoured scout cars by the West due to its small size and 4x4 configuration, and thus called FÚG-66 and FÚG-70 after the FÚG 4x4 scout car. The PSzH-IV is no longer in service with Hungary. However the armoured cars are still in stock. Czechoslovakia sold its OT-65 vehicles to Iraq. Iraq also bought the PSzH-IV APC. The vehicles were probably used during the Persian Gulf War and the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the Iraqi Army.

Barnum did not enter the circus business until he was 60 years old. He established "P. T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan & Hippodrome" in Delavan, Wisconsin in 1870 with William Cameron Coup; it was a traveling circus, menagerie, and museum of "freaks". It went through various names: "P.T. Barnum's Travelling World's Fair, Great Roman Hippodrome and Greatest Show on Earth", and "P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show on Earth, And The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand International Allied Shows United" after an 1881 merger with James Bailey and James L. Hutchinson, soon shortened to "Barnum & Bailey's". This entertainment phenomenon was the first circus to display three rings. The show's first primary attraction was Jumbo, an African elephant that Barnum purchased in 1882 from the London Zoo. The Barnum and Bailey Circus still contained acts similar to his Traveling Menagerie, including acrobats, freak shows, and General Tom Thumb. Barnum persisted in growing the circus in spite of more fires, train disasters, and other setbacks, and he was aided by circus professionals who ran the daily operations. He and Bailey split up in 1885, but they came back together in 1888 with the "Barnum & Bailey Greatest Show On Earth", later "Barnum & Bailey Circus" which toured the world. Barnum became known as the "Shakespeare of Advertising" due to his innovative and impressive ideas.

Kerimov's father was a lawyer at a criminal investigation institution, while his mother was an accountant for the Savings Bank of Russia. He is married and has three children. On 26 November 2006, in Nice, France, Kerimov was seriously injured after losing control of his Ferrari Enzo on the Promenade des Anglais. He suffered severe burns as a result of the accident. Known for spending much of his fortune on parties, the Russian billionaire has paid for celebrities such as Christina Aguilera, Shakira, Amy Winehouse and Jessie J perform at his events. From 2005-2015, Kerimov owned one of the world's largest private yachts, which is known as Ice. Previously known as Air, she was built by German company Lürssen in 2005. Ice measures 295 feet (90 metres) in length, and can reach a speed of 18.6 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). She has won the Superyacht of the Year award at the World Superyacht Awards in 2006, and is currently the 54th largest yacht in the world. He sold Ice to Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue's Equatorial Guinea interests in 2015.

The second half of the groups perform the respective songs and rehearsals for the groups are shown. During rehearsals of the groups performing f(x)'s "La chA TA", MBK Entertainment's Kim Danielle (Dani) and Clear Company's Ma Eun-jin both get sick and are unable to attend practice. Kim Dani quickly recovers from her fever, but Ma Eun-jin is forced to leave the show due to her health. After the last performance, the girls are shown their ranking based purely on their individual votes and the additional 1000 points for the girls of the winning teams, with Jellyfish Entertainment's Kim Se-jeong taking first place.

On March 15, 2015, a fire engulfed the convent's tallest bell tower, which pinnacles at height of 72 meters. The monastery had been undergoing major repair work and was covered in scaffolding. It took firefighters almost three hours to put out the fire. The blaze reportedly affected an area of three hundred square metres, but it was restricted to the scaffolding and didn't do any damage to the historical building itself. The speculated cause of the fire was a short circuit caused by heat guns used for drying the facade. The press service for the Moscow cultural heritage department has blamed the fire on the firm doing the restoration work. However, Russian Deputy Culture Minister Grigory Pirumov said that heat guns were not in use on the territory of the convent and the bell tower had been disconnected from the mains power supply.

PL/I was first implemented by IBM, at its Hursley Laboratories in the United Kingdom, as part of the development of System/360. The first production PL/I compiler was the PL/I F compiler for the OS/360 Operating System, built by John Nash's team at Hursley in the UK: the runtime library team was managed by I.M. (Nobby) Clarke. The PL/I F compiler was written entirely in System/360 assembly language. Release 1 shipped in 1966. OS/360 is a real-memory environment and the compiler was designed for systems with as little as 64 kilobytes of real storage – F being 64 kB in S/360 parlance. To fit a large compiler into the 44 kilobytes of memory available on a 64-kilobyte machine, the compiler consists of a control phase and a large number of compiler phases (approaching 100). The phases are brought into memory from disk, one at a time, to handle particular language features and aspects of compilation. Each phase makes a single pass over the partially-compiled program, usually held in memory. Aspects of the language were still being designed as PL/I F was implemented, so some were omitted until later releases. PL/I RECORD I/O was shipped with PL/I F Release 2. The list processing functions – Based Variables, Pointers, Areas and Offsets and LOCATE-mode I/O – were first shipped in Release 4. In a major attempt to speed up PL/I code to compete with Fortran object code, PL/I F Release 5 does substantial program optimization of DO-loops facilitated by the REORDER option on procedures. A version of PL/I F was released on the TSS/360 timesharing operating system for the System/360 Model 67, adapted at the IBM Mohansic Lab. The IBM La Gaude Lab in France developed "Language Conversion Programs" to convert Fortran, Cobol, and Algol programs to the PL/I F level of PL/I. The PL/I D compiler, using 16 kilobytes of memory, was developed by IBM Germany for the DOS/360 low end operating system. It implements a subset of the PL/I language requiring all strings and arrays to have fixed extents, thus simplifying the run-time environment. Reflecting the underlying operating system, it lacks dynamic storage allocation and the controlled storage class. It was shipped within a year of PL/I F.

The next record, Sparkle in the Rain, was produced by Steve Lillywhite and released in February 1984. It gave rise to successful singles like "Waterfront" (which hit No. 1 in a few European countries) and "Speed Your Love to Me" and "Up on the Catwalk". Sparkle in the Rain topped the charts in the UK and hit the Top 20 in several other countries (including Canada, where it reached No. 13). In 1984, Jim Kerr married Chrissie Hynde from the Pretenders (who renamed herself Christine Kerr). Simple Minds did a North American tour where they played as headliners supported by China Crisis during the Canadian leg and in support of the Pretenders in the US while Hynde was pregnant with Kerr's daughter. The marriage lasted until 1990. Despite the band's new-found popularity in the UK, Europe, Canada and Australia, Simple Minds remained essentially unknown in the US. The band's UK releases on Arista were not picked up by Arista USA who had 'right of first refusal' for their releases. The 1985 film The Breakfast Club broke Simple Minds into the US market, when the band achieved their only No. 1 U.S. pop hit in April 1985 with the film's closing track, "Don't You (Forget About Me)". The song was written by Keith Forsey and Steve Schiff; Forsey offered the song to Billy Idol and Bryan Ferry before Simple Minds agreed to record it. The song soon became a chart-topper in many other countries around the world. At around this point, the camaraderie that had fuelled Simple Minds began to unravel, and over the next ten years the band's line-up underwent frequent changes. Jim Kerr subsequently recalled "We were knackered. We were desensitized. The band started to fracture. We were lads who had grown up together, we were meant to grow together, politically, spiritually and artistically. But we were getting tired with each other. There was an element of the chore creeping in. We were coasting and this whole other thing was a challenge." The first casualty was bassist Derek Forbes, who was beginning to squabble with Kerr. Forbes began failing to turn up for rehearsals, and was dismissed. Forbes remained in touch with the band (and soon reunited with another former Simple Minds bandmate, drummer Brian McGee, in Propaganda). Forbes was replaced by former Brand X bass player John Giblin (who owned the band's rehearsal space and was a session musician who had worked with Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush). Giblin made his debut with Simple Minds at Live Aid in Philadelphia, where the band performed "Don't You (Forget About Me)", a new track called "Ghost Dancing" and "Promised You a Miracle". Simple Minds were the first band to be approached to play the Philadelphia leg of Live Aid.

The pond, first documented by the Teutonic Knights in 1256, was created by damming the Katzbach stream which led to the Pregel. Mills constructed nearby caused the pond to be known as the Mühlenteich (mill pond). The Teutonic Knights' infirmary was constructed along the southwestern edge of the pond, while the Magdalenenkloster (Magdalene monastery) was built on the southern shore. A second pond, the Oberteich or Upper Pond, was created north of the first pond in 1270. By the time of the Duchy of Prussia's creation in 1525, the pond was known as the Schlossteich, named after nearby Königsberg Castle (Schloss). The Schlossteich was surrounded by Burgfreiheit along the southern shore, Tragheim to the west, the Oberteich to the north, and Rossgarten to the east. Regent George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, had a pair of swans relocated to the pond in 1604, but they were considered a nuisance by the burghers. A crossing between Tragheim and the Burgkirche was laid out in 1717, while the Schlossteichbrücke bridge was completed in 1753. During a visit to Königsberg by King William I in 1869, part of the bridge collapsed due to the multitude of people on it, with 32 drowning. The residents of Königsberg gradually came to appreciate the beauty of the pond close to the Königsgarten, with many nobles building palaces near the waterfront. Holstein-Beck constructed his palace, later developed into the Kommandantur Königsberg, in 1693, while the merchant Hevelke built his summer house nearby in 1750. The palace of Count Gebhard Johann von Keyserling was later turned into the Generalkommando. Königsberg's Masonic Lodges were located in Hintertragheim near the Schlossteich and included Zum Todtenkopfe und Phoenix, the Dreikronenloge, and the Johannisloge Immanuel. King Frederick William III of Prussia granted the pond to the city in 1810. Numerous recreational establishments were built along the Schlossteich from 1830–70, including the Borckscher Garten, Jacobsruh, Tivoli, Jardin de Berlin, the Börsengarten, and the Bürgerressource. The 300th anniversary of the founding of the Albertina, the University of Königsberg, was celebrated along the Schlossteich in 1844. The swampy northern corner near Hinterroßgarten was filled in 1881. The Städtische Krankenhaus was a hospital built along the northeastern Schlossteich in 1895. The scenic promenade was a favourite recreational area for the people of Königsberg, especially students. The promenade extended in the southwest from Münzplatz until the Schlossteichbrücke by 1906, while the southeastern stretch reached the Stadthalle in 1911. The northeastern extension of the Promenade with cascading waterfalls was finished by 1930, while the northwestern stretch was completed in 1937 after the expropriation of the Masonic Lodges. The Schlossteich was surrounded by cafés and was central to many important buildings and places, including Königsberg Castle to the southwest, the new campus of the Albertina to the west, and Münzplatz at the southern end of the pond. Concerts were performed at the Börsengarten and the Stadthalle. Along the western side of the Schlossteich was a statue called Der Bogenschütze or Der Bogenspanner (The Archer) by Heinemann, while along the eastern side were the Burgkirche and the Bellevue hotel and restaurant. Gondolas were frequently used in the pond, and on Walpurgis Night members of the German Student Corps would travel in paper lantern-decorated boats. During winter the Schlossteich was used for ice skating. In 1919 the pond contained 22 white swans and two black swans. The pond was transferred from Germany to the Soviet Union following World War II in 1945. Most of the surrounding German-era construction was destroyed during the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg and 1945 Battle of Königsberg.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 23.2 square miles (60.0 km²), of which 22.6 square miles (58.4 km²) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km²) (2.63%) is water. Pepperell is located at the confluence of the Nissitissit River with the Nashua River. According to the Pepperell Reader, the town is situated on a long extinct volcano that helped shape much of New England's geology. Pepperell borders Brookline and Hollis, New Hampshire to the north, Dunstable to the east, Groton to the south, and Townsend to the west. Pepperell is served by state routes 111, 113 and 119.

Born in Kolín, Czech Republic, on 31 December 1936, Randová was a Czech champion in swimming several times. She first worked as a teacher of sports and math. She then studied voice at the Prague Conservatory. She made her debut on the opera stage in 1962 in Ostrava and Prague. She joined the ensemble of the Staatsoper Stuttgart in 1971. She appeared at the Bayreuth Festival first in 1973 as Waltraute in Wagner's Die Walküre and as Gutrune in Götterdämmerung, performing these parts also the following two years. In 1975, she also appeared as Kundry in Parsifal, singing the part also in 1976, 1977 and 1981. She appeared as Fricka in 1977 in the Jahrhundertring, the centenary production of Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen staged by Patrice Chéreau and conducted by Pierre Boulez. She appeared at the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Azucena in Verdi's Il trovatore and as Laura in Ponchielli's La Gioconda. She sang at the Cologne Opera Klytämnestra in Elektra by Richard Strauss and as Ortrud in Wagner's Lohengrin. She was a guest at the Paris Opera and the Metropolitan Opera, among others. She took two parts in Dvořák's Rusalka at the Vienna State Opera in the 1980s, the mezzo part of the witch and the soprano part of the foreign princess. Her portrayal of the Kostelnička Buryjovka in Janáček's Jenůfa at the Royal Opera House was nominated for a 1987 Laurence Olivier Award in the category Outstanding Achievement in Opera. She was the director (Intendantin) of the State Opera in Prague.

Brackwede station has six tracks. The platform for tracks 5 and 6 was completely renovated for Expo 2000 and the reactivation of the Osnabrück–Bielefeld railway to Osnabrück; the height of the platform was raised to 76 cm and given weather protection. The remaining tracks have a platform height of 38 cm. The platforms are accessible via a pedestrian tunnel that goes from Eisenbahnstraße under the railway tracks and the Ostwestfalendamm expressway to the Naturbad Brackwede (natural bathing pool) on the border of district of Quelle. The tunnel is the main pedestrian and cycling route between central Brackwede and Quelle and since the re-opening of the natural pool in 2009 has provided barrier-free access to both sides. However, the platforms are accessible from the tunnel only via stairs and therefore there is no access for disabled people. The rear part of the tunnel that passes under the Ostwestfalendamm was embellished by young people with a continuous piece of graffiti showing the "skyline" of Brackwede. The station has a parking area. In addition, covered bike racks and lockable bike boxes are available. Close-by located next to the Ostwestfalendamm and the natural pool, are a mosque of the Turkish-Azerbaijani Cultural Association, a junkyard, a Turkish/Russian supermarket, Lutter valley including the Lutterkolk (pond) and the sources of the Lutter as well as the Gestamp GMF Umformtechnik (formerly the ThyssenKrupp Umformtechnik) company.

The engine houses in the Crowns section of Botallack Mine are set low down the cliffs north of Botallack. There are two engine houses and the remains of another pair on the cliff slopes above; the mine extends for about 400 metres out under the Atlantic ocean; the deepest shaft is 250 fathoms (about 500 metres) below sea level. The workings of Botallack Mine extend inland as far as the St Just to St Ives road, and at times included Wheal Cock further to the north-east. The mine buildings on Botallack Cliffs are protected by the National Trust. There are two arsenic works opposite the Botallack Mine count house. At the top of the cliffs there are also the remains of one of the mine's arsenic-refining works. The mineral Botallackite has its type locality here.

Execution of Trotha’s battle plan began on August 11, 1904, after a careful buildup of troops and supplies. The German commander intended part of his force to squeeze the Herero south of the Plateau with columns from the east and west while two more columns would seal off the escape route to the south and southeast. The commander of the southeastern blocking column, however, failed to maneuver his troops into position in a timely fashion, and to communicate that fact to Trotha. Meanwhile, the western advancing column did not stop at the appointed line and pressed the Herero through the unclosed gap created by the failure of the southeastern troops. The bulk of the Herero and their cattle escaped eastward into the Omaheke Desert. The Waterberg military station was occupied by Herero mounted infantry and irregular guerrilla forces. These Herero forces were quickly defeated by colonial forces using breech-loading artillery and 14 Maxim belt-fed machine guns at the Battle of Waterberg on August 11, but the survivors escaped into the desert. Trotha and his staff were unprepared for their failure to decisively defeat the Herero. At the end of an attenuated supply line and occupying ground thoroughly foraged by the Herero, the Germans could not immediately pursue. While signaling to Berlin a complete victory and subsequent pursuit, Trotha began to move his force westward toward the railroad. The Germans had won a tactical victory by driving the Herero from Waterberg, but had failed in their intentions to end the Herero Revolt with a decisive battle. Trotha soon thereafter ordered the pursuit of the Herero eastward into the desert, intending to prevent Herero reorganization by depriving them of pastureland and watering holes. This campaign caused most of the deaths of Herero people during the Revolt, and resulted in the notorious extermination order of October 2, 1904.

Nathan Gale (September 11, 1979 – December 8, 2004) was from Marysville, Ohio. He attended Benjamin Logan High School before transferring to Marysville High School during his junior year. He took his classes at the Ohio Hi-Point Joint Vocational School, studying construction and electrical work, and graduated in 1998. Afterwards, he developed a drug addiction and occasionally worked minimum-wage jobs. During this time, he lived with his mother, Mary Clark, and made complaints that he was being watched, which she attributed to his drug use. After a violent altercation, she evicted him and he became homeless. Clark allowed Gale to return after he agreed to undergo drug rehabilitation. In February 2002, Gale enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. Clark was proud of her son's military service, and felt that he had successfully recovered from his drug problems. As a Christmas present in 2002, she bought him the Beretta M9 that he would later use in the shooting. Gale was stationed at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina with the 2nd Marine Division until November 2003, when he was discharged. A spokesperson for the Marines declined to reveal the reasoning for Gale's discharge, citing privacy rules. Clark stated after the shooting that Gale had told her he was discharged due to a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. After his discharge, the Department of Veteran Affairs secured a job for Gale as a mechanic. His employer, Rich Cencula, later reported that Gale had also told him he was schizophrenic. Clark believed that Gale was not taking medication for the illness; an autopsy performed by the Franklin County coroner's office found that no drugs were in Gale's system. At 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) and over 250 pounds (113 kg), Gale was an offensive lineman for the semi-professional Lima Thunder football team; he listened to Pantera before games to prepare himself psychologically. He had been a fan of Pantera since high school, and retained a fixation with the band after its separation in 2003. Dave Johnson, a former friend, stated that Gale once requested to practice songs, which he claimed to have written, with Johnson's band. When one of Johnson's bandmates said the lyrics were copied from Pantera, Gale said Pantera had stolen his lyrics and he was planning to sue the band. Gale also claimed that the members of Pantera were attempting to steal his identity. Another former friend, Mark Break, said that Gale "was obsessed with Pantera". Johnson reported that he distanced himself from Gale several months before the shooting due to Gale's strange behavior, which included talking to himself and interacting with an imaginary dog. Break reported that he observed the same behavior. Gale had a criminal record and was known to local police, though none of his crimes were violent. He was cited for criminal trespassing in 1997, for skateboarding at a Kmart, and in 1999, for repeatedly sleeping in a public park. In 2000, he was charged with receiving stolen property in relation to the theft of a set of scales from a construction company that employed him, and was fired. On November 17, 2004, he was arrested for driving with a suspended license. At the time of the shooting, Gale was a construction worker and lived alone in an apartment in Marysville. Handwritten notes were discovered by police in his apartment after the shooting. One of the notes stated: "You'll see come alive. I'll take your life and make it mine. This is my life I'm gone. Git me."

Erastus Hussey (1800–1889) was a leading abolitionist, a stationmaster on the Underground Railroad, and one of the founders of the Republican Party. Hussey was born in New York State and emigrated to Wayne County, Michigan, in 1824. He and his wife Sarah moved back to New York briefly before moving to Battle Creek, Michigan, setting up a general store and home there in 1839. Strong Quakers, the Husseys were outspoken opponents of slavery and within a year (1840) began hiding escaping slaves in their home. Soon the Hussey home had become one of the main stations on the Underground Railroad. In 1846, Erastus Hussey ran for the U.S. House of Representatives on the abolitionist Michigan Liberty Party ticket. He lost the election, but remained undeterred. In 1848, Hussey began to publish an abolitionist newspaper called the Michigan Liberty Press. He became increasingly involved in politics. In 1850, Hussey won a seat in the Michigan House of Representatives, as the representative from Calhoun County. In 1854, he ran for a seat in the Michigan Senate as the Free Soil Party candidate, winning the seat and serving through 1856. During this time, he distinguished himself by drafting legislation that outlawed the capture of runaway slaves in Michigan. On July 6, 1854, Hussey attended the "Under the Oaks" convention in Jackson, Michigan, where the Republican Party had one of its earliest meetings. An official State of Michigan Historical plaque on the grounds of the Kellogg Foundation Headquarters in Battle Creek quotes Hussey as saying, "I have fed and given protection to over 1,000 fugitives, and assisted them on to Canada". The plaque goes on to say that when Hussey was asked if any stationmaster had been paid, he had answered, "No.... We were working for humanity."

Although normally it is possible to obtain information about the wind direction from the orientation and form of sand dunes, the complexity of shapes of the Hagal dunes makes it difficult to determine the direction of the forming winds. In the case of the Hagal dunes, it is theorised that a local circular crater, probably formed due to meteorite impact and filled with sand, has decreased the quantity of dune-forming sand; this, in turn, impacted the local topography, causing a change in wind patterns. The linear dunes (dashes) were formed through the action of bidirectional winds, acting perpendicular to the line of the sand dune, causing a funneling effect directing the sand to accumulate along the linear axis of the dune. The round-shaped dunes (dots) were formed when the winds that caused the linearly-shaped accumulations were interrupted. The round dunes are classified as "barchanoid dunes". However, the exact mechanism of either formation is still unknown and this is the reason the area was chosen for imaging by the HiRISE mission. Veronica Bray, HiRISE camera targeting specialist, commented that there are similarly shaped dunes in other locations on Mars, but the Hagal field provides better images of these shapes due to the uncommon characteristics of its topography. Bray also decoded the "Morse Code" of a formation as "NEE NED ZB 6TNN DEIBEDH SIEFI EBEEE SSIEI ESEE SEEE !!".

Reverend Jonah Johnson is a phony Louisiana Evangelist preacher, whose wife, Isabelle, uses his sermons to fleece their parishioners of their money. During his first satellite feed on TV, he pretends to "heal" a man in wheelchair as a man from the IRS watches, but he is soon interrupted by the police with a warrant for his arrest and a redneck father declaring he is the father of his daughter's unborn baby. Johnson flees the scene, also chased by the actor who played the phony paraplegic, and is soon caught by a local police officer, who lets him go because it would upset his widowed mother, a loyal Johnson supporter. Johnson and his wife flee to Los Angeles where they discover a derelict boarded-up house and start to rebuild their phony church. As they're buying the house from their realtor Mrs. Wigglesworth, the realtor's son, Bobby, tries to tell them about a cult who murdered a young girl in the house but is shushed up by his mother. Their first night in the house, the Johnsons encounter a possessed toilet with smoke coming out of it and a gang of "punkers" hiding drugs in the house, who are scared away by Steve Seligman, a police officer. Johnson also has dreams of the demonic little girl. The next day they hire Mexicans to clean up and restore the house, one of whom is abducted and killed by a demon living in the house, his screams covered up by a power saw. The lady realtor soon returns to reveal to Jonah that his check bounced since the IRS froze his bank accounts. The IRS agent from Louisiana returns also having tracking down. Broke and needing money, the Johnson's encounter a mysterious woman, Lady Caligari, who gives them a briefcase filled with cash. Rabbi Ben Tov, who lives next door warns them from accepting it, but Isabelle sends him away. Isabelle also gets a book of evil and in time starts getting more beautiful. She decides to use the book to open a Church of Latter Day Sin with the motto, "Sin today without guilt," but Jonah prefers to stay loyal to God. They're rejoined by old cohort, Mort, and Jonah's innocent niece, Eve. Meanwhile, the punkers resolve to get their house back and crash the Johnson's first church gathering which includes the realtor and her son. During the gathering, the demon in the basement appears, urinates on the pulpit and escapes through the window from Jonah. Before it departs, it grants the punkers wish that the police harassing them at the park get killed, Mort the ability to see the future and Isabelle continued money, fortune and power. Jonah meanwhile is getting increasingly disillusioned with Isabelle's direction with his church, unaware that the Devil has asked for his soul from Isabelle. The next day, the punkers encounter the cops at the park that have been harassing them and watch as they die in a crash with a garbage truck that crushes them. After Maggot, their female member, gets the larger bust size she had wished for, they realize they're getting what they want and join Isabelle's church. Eve meanwhile has visions of the demonic girl and the devil in the house. As Jonah keeps having doubts, Isabelle keeps stringing him along to keep him in control. By now, the church has started having ritual sacrifices of chickens and goats, and Isabelle uses Mort's visions of the stock market to further her wealth. She also hears of a display of museum artifacts involving devil worship and Count Dracula and has the punkers steal them for her own collection. They're traced to the church by Officer Seligman, who becomes smitten with Eve. He tries to arrest them, but Mort reports a phony terrorist report and has to let them go. That night, the gathering at the church with the relics culminates with an orgy and the death of one of the punkers who impales himself on one of the artifacts. After the young man's death, Jonah starts fearing the price for all the blasphemy and wants to quit and turn himself to the police. He tries getting guidance from the other local ministry, but none of them are of any help. He turns to Rabbi Ben Tov, who tells him only an act of self-sacrifice will cleanse his spirit. The Devil by now orders Isabelle to sacrifice Eve to break Jonah's spirit. Eve also runs into Officer Seligman, who spots her wearing one of the stolen relics. He turns to Rabbi Ben Tov, his old mentor, for guidance, knowing that without a search warrant, he can't investigate the church. When the Rabbi tries to exorcise the house with his shofar, he gets distracted by Maggot and gets killed by the demon. When it also threatens Eve, Mort doses her with chloroform for her sacrifice. That night, Bobby, the realtor's son, discovers Eve and hides her in the closet to save her life. His mom gets confused before the sacrifice as the punkers look for Eve and take her from Billy. Maggot brings Officer Seligman to the house as Jonah refuses to sacrifice Eve, even with Mort ordering him. He conjures up the Devil himself to force Jonah's hand, but Jonah impales himself and the Devil standing behind him with a sword. A fire erupts as Seligman saves Eve using his mentor's lost shofar and the house burns down after demons drag Isabelle and Mort to Hell. The third of a string of plumbers show up to try fixing the cursed toilet. The next morning, Jonah emerges alive from the house which still has the cursed toilet having survived unscathed. Having found God, Jonah resumes his ministry even as the Southern cop who let him escape Louisiana disputes him. Watching him on TV, the officer's elderly mother (Beverly Polcyn), however, punches her son after Jonah heals her arthritis.

After Linvill and Bliss decided to join forces to work on Linvill's vision of a reading machine, it became apparent that they needed to obtain funding for this objective, rather than the objectives of Department of Defense and NASA which had provided the funding up until that time. As a start, Bliss suggested that they visit Dr. Murphy at the VA, since he was the only then currently active government source of reading machine funding. However, Bliss knew that the research on “Optophone-like” reading machines had created negativity toward this “direct translation” approach because of the slow reading rates obtained. To counter this negativity, Bliss programmed an SRI computer to present text in a moving belt display, similar to that in Times Square New York City, on both his air jet stimulator array and on the Stanford bimorph array. Linvill's blind daughter, Candy, was then the subject who attempted to learn to read the text presented in this fashion. After several hours of training and practice, Candy was reading in excess of 30 words per minute. Bliss and Linvill felt this computer driven test was a valid simulation of the reading machine they proposed to develop. They felt the 30 words per minute reading rate achieved in a short time by Candy proved that if such a reading machine were developed, it would be useful. They didn’t know what the upper limit of reading speed would be, but had hopes that 100 words per minute could be achieved, since this was typical Braille reading rate. Armed with this result, Bliss and Linvill made an appointment to visit Dr. Murphy in Washington, D.C. Initially the meeting was going very well, with Dr. Murphy seeming to be very positive toward the possibility of funding the development. Murphy then mentioned that Linvill would have to assign his patent to the Veterans Administration. Linvill refused and the meeting abruptly ended. As it turned out, this rejection was fortunate. The Office of Education was directed by a colleague of Linvill's from when he worked at Bell Laboratories. Development of a reading aid for the blind was very relevant to their mission since providing instructional material to blind mainstreamed students was an important problem. Linvill presented the Optacon idea to the Office of Education and it was enthusiastically received. This led to funding at a higher level (over $1.8 million of 1970 dollars over 4 years) than would have been likely from the Veterans Administration. This higher level of funding was necessary to develop the custom integrated circuits that enabled the Optacon's small size, which was critical to its success. The Optacon project also assisted Stanford in establishing their Integrated Circuits facilities, leading MIT's Dean of Engineering to remark that Stanford got the lead in integrated circuit research because of the Optacon.

On 29 May 2011, FIFA's ethics committee suspended Bin Hammam temporarily from all football-related activity pending the outcome of a full inquiry into accusations that they offered financial incentives to members of the Caribbean Football Union. Bin Hammam said that he would appeal against the committees decision to provisionally ban him from football related activity, saying that "The way these proceedings have been conducted is not compliant with any principles of justice." He also issued a statement calling for his reinstatement as well as responding to the claims in detail. On 23 July 2011, Bin Hammam was banned for life from all football activities by a five-member panel of the FIFA Ethics committee chaired by Petrus Damaseb. The committee found that his actions violated the organization' ethics rules after studying the reports of investigators and hearing the testimony of witnesses from the May 2011 meeting who were also cross examined by Bin Hammam's legal representatives. Bin Hammam appealed against his ban, his appeal was rejected by the FIFA Appeal Committee. His ban from football resulted in his loss of position as the President of the Asian Football Confederation, having been replaced by Zhang Jilong of China on a temporary basis, although Zhang Jilong has since announced that he'd like to remain as AFC Presidency. In July 2012, the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled in Mohammed Bin Hamman's favour, CAS referred to it as "...a situation of 'case not proven,'" because FIFA didn't have documentation of monies being transferred and thus "the investigation was not complete or comprehensive enough to fill the gaps in the record". The court added that it "is not making any sort of affirmative finding of innocence in relation to Mr. Bin Hammam". Bin Hammam said: "I'm very happy because I've been able to prove that all the allegations against me were false and were intended to tarnish my reputation."

But what Perle means by "helping the peace process" is not resolving the conflict by bringing about a viable, sovereign Palestinian state but rather, as underscored in A Clean Break, "transcending the Arab-Israeli conflict" altogether by forcing the Arabs to accept most, if not all, of Israel's territorial conquests and its nuclear hegemony in the region. John Dizard claimed there is evidence in the Clean Break document of Ahmed Chalabi's involvement. (Chalabi, an Iraqi politician, was an ardent opponent of Saddam Hussein.): In the section on Iraq, and the necessity of removing Saddam Hussein, there was telltale "intelligence" from Chalabi and his old Jordanian Hashemite patron, Prince Hassan: "The predominantly Shi'a population of southern Lebanon has been tied for centuries to the Shi'a leadership in Najaf, Iraq, rather than Iran. Were the Hashemites to control Iraq, they could use their influence over Najaf to help Israel wean the south Lebanese Shi'a away from Hizbollah, Iran, and Syria. Shi'a retain strong ties to the Hashemites." Of course the Shia with "strong ties to the Hashemites" was the family of Ahmed Chalabi. Perle, Feith and other contributors to the "Clean Break" seemed not to recall the 15-year fatwa the clerics of Najaf proclaimed against the Iraqi Hashemites. Or the still more glaring fact, pointed out by Rashid Khalidi in his new book Resurrecting Empire, that Shiites are loyal only to descendants of the prophet Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali, and reject all other lineages, including the Hashemites. As Khalidi caustically notes, "Perle and his colleagues were here proposing the complete restructuring of a region whose history and religion their suggestions reveal they know hardly anything about." In short, the Iraqi component of the neocons "new strategy" was based on an ignorant fantasy of prospective Shia support for ties with Israel. Professors John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt wrote in their controversial and critical "The Israel Lobby" article of March 2006, published in the London Review of Books that the Clean Break paper called for Israel to take steps to reorder the entire Middle East. Netanyahu did not follow their advice, but Feith, Perle and Wurmser were soon urging the Bush administration to pursue those same goals. The Ha’aretz columnist Akiva Eldar warned that Feith and Perle "are walking a fine line between their loyalty to American governments ... and Israeli interests". Sidney Blumenthal criticized the report, writing: Instead of trading land for peace, the neocons advocated tossing aside the Oslo agreements that established negotiations and demanding unconditional Palestinian acceptance of Likud's terms, peace for peace. Rather than negotiations with Syria, they proposed weakening, containing, and even rolling back Syria. They also advanced a wild scenario to redefine Iraq. Then King Hussein of Jordan would somehow become its ruler; and somehow this Sunni monarch would gain control of the Iraqi Shiites, and through them wean the south Lebanese Shia away from Hezbollah, Iran, and Syria.

Medical care is mainly provided by NHS Scotland and is directly administered by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Major hospitals, including those with Accident & Emergency provision, are: the Western Infirmary, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow Royal Infirmary and the Dental Hospital in the city Centre, Stobhill Hospital in the North and the Victoria Infirmary and Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in the South Side. Gartnavel Royal Hospital and The Priory are the two major psychiatric hospitals based in Glasgow. The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (QEUH) Campus is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan in the south-west of Glasgow. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a newly built 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major A&E departments, one for adults and one for children in addition to buildings retained from the former hospital. The QEUH is the Regional Major Trauma Centre for the west of Scotland and is also the largest hospital campus in Europe. There is also an emergency telephone service provided by NHS 24 and 24-hour access to general practitioners through out of hours centres. Paramedic services are provided by the Scottish Ambulance Service and supported by voluntary bodies like the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association. A strong teaching tradition is maintained between the city's main hospitals and the University of Glasgow Medical School. All pharmacies provide a wide range of services including minor ailment advice, emergency hormonal contraception, public health advice, some provide oxygen and needle exchange. There are private clinics and hospitals at the Nuffield in the west end and Ross Hall in the south side of the city.

Gillom played for the USA World University Games team in Kobe, Japan in 1985. The team brought home a silver medal, after falling to the USSR. The team trailed by 18 points at one time, mounted a comeback attempt but fell short, losing 87–81. Gillom was the second leading scorer for the USA team, with 12.8 points per game. The following year, Gillom played for the USA team at the World Championships, in Moscow. This time, the USA team would meet the USSR in the title game and emerge victorious, winning the gold medal with a score of 108–88. Gillom averaged 2.8 points per game. Gillom was named to the team representing the US at the 1987 Pan American Games, held in Indianapolis, Indiana in August. The USA team won all four of their games winning the gold medal for the event. She averaged 9.5 points per game. Gillom continued with the national team at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, held in September. The team won all five games which resulted in the gold medal. Gillom averaged 2.8 points per game.

In 1772 the Nawab of Oudh made a treaty with the Rohillas, to expel the Marathas in return for a money payment. Nawab of Oudh carried out his part of the bargain; but the Rohilla chieftains refused to pay. In 1774 the Nawab concluded with the East India Company government of Calcutta a treaty of alliance, and he then called upon the British, in accordance with its terms, to supply a brigade to assist him in enforcing his claims against the Rohillas.This was done; in the Rohilla War, the Rohillas were driven beyond the Ganges to the east, and Bijnor was incorporated in the territories of the nawab, who in the same year (1774) ceded it to the British East India Company. During the rebellion of 1857 Bijnor was occupied by the nawab of Najibabad, a grandson of Zabita Khan, on 1 June. In spite of fighting between the Hindus and the Muslim Pashtuns, the Nawab succeeded in maintaining his position until 21 April 1858, when he was defeated by the British at Nagina.

Scholars have emphasized how Black-Yellow unity may be found in the shared experience of being subjected to slavery and servitude by European capitalism. Okihiro documents the "coolie" slave trade, in which approximately one-third of Asian enslaved peoples perished en route to the Americas under the forced authority of European and American ship captains, to assert that "the African and Asian coolie were kinsmen and kinswomen in that world created by European masters. For example, over 124,000 Chinese "coolies" were shipped to Cuba to service Cuba's plantation system. Historian Franklin W. Knight writes that the Chinese became "coinheritors with the Negroes of the lowliness of caste, the abuse, the ruthless exploitation.... Chinese labor in Cuba in the nineteenth century was slavery in every social aspect except the name." African and Asian forced laborers "were related insofar as they were both essential for the maintenance of white supremacy, they were both members of an oppressed class of 'colored laborers, and they both were tied historically to the global network of labor migration as slaves and coolies." African American community and political leaders, such as Frederick Douglass and Blanche K. Bruce, recognized this shared oppression openly. Racism against African and Asian Americans was expressed via American law and proposed legislation. In California case The People v. George W. Hall (1854), Justice Charles J. Murray reversed the conviction of Hall, who had been convicted of murder based on the testimony of Chinese witnesses, based on legal precedents which had determined that "no black or mulatto person, or Indian, shall be allowed to give evidence in favor of, or against a white man" applied to Asian persons, since, in the American legal perception, "black meant nonwhite and white excluded all persons of color." The court upheld this decision on the grounds that white men should be shielded from the testimony "of the degraded and demoralized caste" of racially inferior peoples. In 1860, California legally banned African, Asian, and Amerindian children from attending schools designated for whites. In 1880, California enacted an anti-miscegenation law which prohibited marriages between white and nonwhite persons, whether "negro, mulatto, or Mongolian." In 1927, challenged by Gong Lum regarding segregation in Jim Crow schools, the United States Supreme Court upheld segregation and concluded that Chinese were "colored."

Governing system of Jakarta has changed throughout its history. On March 5, 1942, Japanese occupied Batavia from the Dutch control and the city was named Jakarta (Jakarta Special City (ジャカルタ特別市 Jakaruta tokubetsu-shi), in accordance with the special status that was assigned to the city). After the collapse of Japan, Indonesian nationalists who declared independence on August 17, 1945, the government of Jakarta City was changed from the Japanese into the Jakarta National Administration in September,1945. After the war, the Dutch name Batavia was internationally recognized until full Indonesian independence was achieved on December 27, 1949 and Jakarta was officially proclaimed the national capital of Indonesia. Based on the Act No. 5 of 1974 relating to the Fundamentals of Regional Government, Jakarta was confirmed as the capital of Indonesia and one of Indonesia's 26 provinces in 1974 at that time.

The whirlpool is caused by local bathymetry and extreme tidal range where waters exchange between Passamaquoddy Bay and the Bay of Fundy, combined with the unusual topography of the location's sea floor at the confluence of the numerous local currents. The whirlpools form in an area with a diameter of approximately 250 feet (76 m), as determined by the president of the Old Sow Whirlpool Survivors' Association in 1997 by way of an aerial photograph. The photograph was calibrated using the Deer Island Point Light beacon tower of known width that was included in the photograph. Old Sow is one of five significant whirlpools worldwide (Corryvreckan, Scotland; Saltstraumen, Norway; Moskstraumen, Norway; and the Naruto whirlpools, Japan are the others). Although the tidal currents within Western Passage surrounding Old Sow compare with faster whirlpools elsewhere, the speed of Old Sow's vortex is considerably slower than the Moskstraumen, the world's most powerful whirlpool. Tremendous water turbulence occurs locally in the greater Old Sow area, but it does not usually constitute a navigation hazard for motorized vessels with experienced operators at the helm; however, small craft—especially vessels with keels (sailboats) and human-powered vessels—are warned to avoid these waters when the tide is running. Besides Old Sow and its numerous "piglets" (small and medium whirlpools surrounding Old Sow), other area phenomena include standing waves, upwellings (that on rare occasion may even spout several feet into the air), and 10–17 feet (3.0–5.2 m) deep or more, circular and trench-shaped depressions in the water. The failed Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project/"Quoddy Dam" Project saw a series of tidal dikes constructed during the 1930s to connect Moose Island (Eastport, Maine) to Carlow Island (in Eastport), Carlow Island to Pleasant Point and to connect Treat Island (in Eastport) to Dudley Island (in Lubec, Maine). The changes in local water flow from the dikes reportedly reduced predictability of the "funnel" effect of Old Sow.

With very few exceptions, becoming a non-commissioned officer (NCO) or petty officer in the U.S. Armed Forces is accomplished by progression through the lower enlisted ranks. However, unlike promotion through the lower enlisted tier, promotion to NCO is generally competitive. NCO ranks begin at E-4 or E-5, depending upon service and are generally attained between three and six years of service. Junior NCOs function as first-line supervisors and squad leaders, training the junior enlisted in their duties and guiding their career advancement. While considered part of the non-commissioned officer corps by law, senior non-commissioned officers (SNCOs) referred to as chief petty officers in the Navy and Coast Guard, or staff non-commissioned officers in the Marine Corps, perform duties more focused on leadership rather than technical expertise. Promotion to the SNCO ranks, E-7 through E-9 (E-6 through E-9 in the Marine Corps) is highly competitive. Personnel totals at the pay grades of E-8 and E-9 are limited by federal law to 2.5 percent and 1 percent of a service's enlisted force, respectively. SNCOs act as leaders of small units and as staff. Some SNCOs manage programs at headquarters level and a select few wield responsibility at the highest levels of the military structure. Most unit commanders have a SNCO as an enlisted advisor. All SNCOs are expected to mentor junior commissioned officers as well as the enlisted in their duty sections. The typical enlistee can expect to attain SNCO rank after 10 to 16 years of service.

The nickname of Persib Bandung supporters is Bobotoh, this name comes from the Sundanese language. The number of Persib supporters are estimated to be around 5,3 to 5,5 million all around Indonesia. In West Java is the largest population of supporters and sympathizers Persib Bandung, is generally spread in Indonesia. The club's official Facebook page have 9 million likers. Viking Persib Club (VPC) is the biggest fan group of Persib supporters, and the first fan group in Indonesia, this Group has been established since 1993. The Bomber or Bomber Persib is the second largest supporter group Persib Bandung. Fan club was formed by several small groups when in the southern stand, Siliwangi Stadium Other small fan clubs that's considered as a regular in the Gelora Bandung Lautan Api Stadium is the Flower City Casual, La Curva Pasundan, The Bomb's and more. Notable fans include Oto Iskandar di Nata (Indonesian Politician), Ridwan Kamil (Governor of West Java), Try Sutrisno (The sixth vice president of the Republic of Indonesia), Kamidia Radisti (Miss Indonesia 2007), Arina Ephipania (lead vocalist from Mocca), Melody Nurramdhani Laksani (former JKT48 member), Bastian Steel (former Coboy Junior member), Nazril Irham (lead vocalist from Noah), Conchita Caroline (Sportcaster), Ananda Omesh (Indonesian presenter), Kim Kurniawan (Persib player), and Sergio van Dijk (former Persib player).

The first public school in Freedom began in 1863 in the home of early settler Nicholas July, and the first high school was built in 1905. That wooden building burned down in 1927 or 1928, and was replaced by a brick building. With funding from the Works Progress Administration, a gymnasium was added in 1938, and other major additions were built in 1956 and 1972. Since 1972, voters have approved referenda to build more classrooms, a library, and a fieldhouse. In November 2017, voters rejected a US$66.7 million school referendum to build a new high school. In January 2019, the school district proposed a reduced referendum for a US$55.7 million project, to be on the ballot on April 2, 2019.

Thompson started racing in quarter midgets at age five at his local Oaklane Speedway in Trumbauersville, Pennsylvania. In 2008 the young driver won the Quarter Midget Association World Formula championship. After graduating the Skip Barber Racing School in 2009 Thompson raced in the Formula Skip Barber and Bertil Roos Racing Series. In the Bertil Roos Racing Series Thompson won his first race at New Jersey Motorsports Park. For 2010 Thompson was selected as the youngest driver to compete in the Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup. The Pennsylvania native finished 19th in the season standings. After running selected SCCA Formula Ford races in 2010, Thompson entered the 2011 F1600 Championship Series. In a Honda powered Swift DB6 Thompson achieved three podium finished. Three third placed at Watkins Glen and Lime Rock Park secured him a fifth place in the championship standings. In 2011 Thompson was a nominee for Team USA Scholarship. Thompson joined Belardi Auto Racing for the 2012 season. The American started the season in the 2012 U.S. F2000 Winterfest. During the regular season, Thompson achieved eight top-ten finishes placing twelfth in the championship. After his single seater career Thompson moved into the IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge for 2013. In a privately funded team, the driver scored two podium finishes. For 2014 Thompson signed with Kelly-Moss Motorsports. Winning three races (two at Watkins Glen and one at Road Atlanta, Thompson won the championship. Thompson made a guest appearance in the Porsche Supercup. At Circuit of the Americas, supporting the 2014 United States Grand Prix, Thompson failed to finish. For 2015 Thompson remained at Kelly-Moss Motorsports for a Pirelli World Challenge GT Cup campaign. Scoring thirteen class wins out of eighteen races, Thompson dominated the championship. The following year Thompson remained in the series but promoted to the GT class. Racing with the McLaren Automotive supported K-Pax Racing. His best result was a fourth place at Circuit of the Americas in his McLaren 650S.

According to New York Herald correspondent Francis MacCullagh: Krylenko, who began to speak at 6:10 PM, was moderate enough at first, but quickly launched into an attack on religion in general and the Catholic Church in particular. "The Catholic Church", he declared, "has always exploited the working classes." When he demanded the Archbishop's death, he said, "All the Jesuitical duplicity with which you have defended yourself will not save you from the death penalty. No Pope in the Vatican can save you now." As the long oration proceeded, the Red Procurator worked himself into a fury of anti-religious hatred. "Your religion", he yelled, "I spit on it, as I do on all religions, -- on Orthodox, Jewish, Mohammedan, and the rest." "There is no law here but Soviet Law," he yelled at another stage, "and by that law you must die." Archbishop Cieplak and Monsignor Budkiewicz were both sentenced to death. The other fifteen defendants were sentenced to long terms in Solovki prison camp. The sentences touched off a massive uproar throughout the Western world.

In September 1940, Winning travelled to Sydney to enlist in the Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF). After being accepted on 9 September, he was posted initially to the 1st Cavalry Training Squadron. Upon completion of his training, he was promoted to temporary warrant officer, and, in December 1941, was commissioned lieutenant and transferred to the 4th Independent Company. Promoted captain in March 1942, he left for Port Moresby in April with the 2/5th Independent Company, which was later renamed the 2/5th Cavalry (Commando) Squadron. The company flew to Wau, New Guinea that May and, as part of the Kanga Force, began patrolling the tracks leading into the Bulolo Valley, from which they could harass the Japanese. Winning was widely respected among his men, earning the nickname The Red Steer. The Red Steer is also the name given to the wild brush fires that blaze across the outback, a useful tool against squatters and intruders. He led the Salamaua Raid, the first offensive land action against the Japanese in World War II, on 29 June 1942, in which at least 100 Japanese soldiers were killed; the raid also captured Japanese equipment and documents. Described as a copybook action for its diligent scouting, meticulous planning and audacious, Winning, then a captain, led multi-pronged attack against a Japanese force 10 times the attackers' strength. The 2/5th returned to Australia in May 1943 for additional training, and in November Winning transferred to the 2/4th Commando Squadron as second-in-command. The unit deployed near Finschhafen, in New Guinea, for operations against the Japanese on the Huon Peninsula. After a brief trip to Australia in February 1944, he was sent to the Far Eastern Liaison Office in April; on 8 July he was promoted to major and given command of the 2/8th Commando Squadron. They trained at Lae in New Guinea before deploying to Bougainville. The unit engaged the Japanese several times near the Jaba River and in the area north of the Buin Road. Following the war, he left the army on 26 September 1945, and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1947 for his services in Bougainville. He resumed his work as a planter, managing an estate for P&T after the war. On 2 or 3 December 1950, he was shot by terrorists while driving from the plantation he managed to Subang.

The genus name, Paralichthys, is usually interpreted as "parallel fish" in reference to the deeply compressed body shape. However, some interpret it as "close to the sea", from the Greek word, para, meaning beside or near. This can be in reference to the way it buries itself in the sand and lies flat as if it is a part of the sea floor itself. The species name, lethostigma, comes from the Latin word, letho, meaning death, and the Greek word, stigma, meaning spots. The meaning "forgotten spots" or "death of spots" refers to the absences of conspicuous large occellaed spots that is common in other species of flatfish.

The novel centers around the Kikunoi, a popular geisha house in the red light district of an unspecified town, and its most popular geisha, Oriki (お力). During the story Oriki’s previous relationships are learned from the point of view of her wealthy patron: Tamonosuke Yuki (結城朝之助). Although Oriki attends to Tamonosuke whenever he calls, he is more interested in learning of her previous “boyfriend” whom the other Geisha constantly tease Oriki about. Prior to the story, Oriki was engaged in a longstanding patronage with Genshichi (源七), a futon salesman of moderate affluence who was reduced to the hard labor of a construction worker. Despite being married with a child, Genshichi spends all his money and time patronizing Oriki at the Kikunoi. Due to his heavy spending, Genshichi and his family are forced to live in a dilapidated shack at the end of a merchant alley. The story’s end isn’t told from any of the characters’ points of view, instead jumping ahead to several passersby discussing a recent love suicide implied to be Genshichi and Oriki. The gossipers are conflicted, though, as to whether it was a true love suicide or if the woman was attacked. It’s left to the reader to determine the true circumstance of the characters’ deaths.

FM 157 was first designated on June 4, 1945, and traveled from, a junction with US 287 in Mansfield, in Johnson County, northward to the intersection of SH 121 (Ira E. Woods Avenue) and Loop 10 (Dallas Road) in Grapevine, in Tarrant County. Seven days later, on June 11, 1945, the highway was extended from US 287 through Venus and southward to the southern border of Ellis County. The route was extended on October 25, 1955, to a junction with FM 66 in Maypearl, adding approximately 8.8 miles (14.2 km) to the overall length. On April 14, 1980, the northern 0.6 miles (0.97 km) of the route was returned to the city of Grapevine. The next 3.9 miles (6.3 km) south of that was redesignated as part of State Highway 121 (SH 121) in the same order. On June 27, 1995, the stretch of the highway traveling from SH 121 south to US 287 was redesignated as UR 157, approximately 17.3 miles (27.8 km). The remaining 22.7 miles (36.5 km) of the route stayed FM 157. On June 26, 2003, a portion of the route was redesignated from Collins Street to Cooper Street, in Arlington. On April 30, 2015, the section concurrent with BU 287-P from FM 917 to the oldFM 157/BU 287-P junction was removed from the state highway system and given to the city of Mansfield, so FM 157 was rerouted along southbound BU 287-P. The portion from US 287 south to BU 287-P was transferred to BU-287-P, and the section along BU 287-P from FM 917 to FM 157 was transferred to FM 917. On July 27, 2017, FM 157 replaced the section of FM 917 south to US 287, and follows US 287 between these areas. On November 15, 2018, the section from SH 121 south to US 287 was redesignated as FM 157 again.

Rüchel was born in Berlin in 1937 as the son of a violinist (the father was head of a musical quartet before the war) and a teacher. He grew up in West Berlin and attended a humanities-oriented gymnasium with subjects such as Latin, Greek, classical music, literature and theatre. At age 16, he was an exchange student for a year in Minneapolis, Minnesota. After graduating he studied German studies and philosophy. In 1968 he applied to Sender Freies Berlin (SFB). Until 1970, Rüchel worked there on the programme SF Beat. A little later, the young editor was discovered by ZDF. In 1970 they brought him for their first real youth programme direkt. In 1974, at a television awards ceremony for direkt, Peter Rüchel met Hans-Geert Falkenberg, the then-head of the WDR cultural department. A short time later Rüchel took over the position of the new head of the WDR youth programme. In Cologne, Peter Rüchel met with Christian Wagner, then still a student of Filmhochschule München, with whom he worked together in the following years and who made him familiar with the world of rock music. Together, Wagner and Rüchel invented Rockpalast. Already in 1975, the WDR broadcast 13 live sessions. At the beginning of 1976 WDR launched a weekly, half-hour youth programme. Once per month they also presented live music under the title Rockpalast. As part of these programmes Rüchel and Wagner became aware of later world stars early on. For example, U2, who gave their Rockpalast debut in the Berlin Metropol on 4 November 1981 in front of 350 listeners, Tom Petty (14 June 1977), Meat Loaf and Mink DeVille (both in June 1978), Dire Straits (February 1979), or R.E.M., which appeared in front of 280 paying viewers in 1985 in the Zeche Bochum. Rockpalast quickly became an insider tip. For the presentation of the show Rüchel soon brought in Alan Bangs and Albrecht Metzger. On 23 July 1977, the legendary first Rockpalast Nacht with Roger McGuinn's Thunderbyrd, Rory Gallagher, and Little Feat rose in the Essen Grugahalle. Since then, two rock nights took place each year, which in addition to the TV distribution were broadcast over radio in Hi-Fi stereo quality. Up to around 1983 the average number of people reached was around 8000 to 10000 in the Grugahalle and some 25 million remote listeners off site. Despite their cult status, however, the concerts never became a quota wonder. Even spectacular rock nights such as The Who in 1981 or a concert recording of the Rolling Stones in Paris in 1976 brought it to just five percent viewing audience. The disastrous result of the Rockpalast of 19 October 1985, when The Armory Show, Squeeze, Rodgau Monotones and Ruben Blades drew just 3000 viewers into the Grugahalle (Rüchel: My most depressing moment!) sealed the fate of the show - Rockpalast was discontinued in 1986. It took until 1995 before the Rockpalast came back. The broadcasters were looking for ways to bridge the night hours cheaply, so concerts from the Rockpalast archives were broadcast. After overwhelming viewer reactions, Rüchel began to carefully set up his own productions again. Although the first Loreley festival was still a flop in 1995, in the following year the festival was already a major success with David Bowie, Pulp and Iggy Pop. Since then, the annual Loreley festival and Bizarre-Festival have been reliable fixtures in the programme. The same held true for the rock nights in the Philipshalle in Düsseldorf. Rüchel made friends with some of the music scene's performers over the years, including Pete Townshend, whom he first met in London in 1981, as well as Little Steven. In 2003 Peter Rüchel left the active role in the show at the Rock am Ring, but continued to serve the Rockpalast as a consultant and editor of the Rockpalast DVD series. In later years, Rüchel lived with his family in Leverkusen-Wiesdorf. He died following a serious illness at age 81, just 17 days before his 82nd birthday. He was buried on the 12 March 2019 at the cemetery of St. Annen in Berlin-Dahlem.

Morris has worked as a journalist, book publisher, high school teacher, and independent writer. He began his professional career as a radio news broadcaster in New Mexico in 1978. He then spent a decade working for radio networks, newspapers, and magazines in Jefferson City, Missouri; Washington, DC; and Ithaca, New York. In 1987, Morris began a nine-year stint working in publishing, running Seven Locks Press, a publisher of public affairs books in Washington, DC, and Public Interest Publications, a distributor of books and publications produced by Washington think-tanks and interest groups. In 1996, Morris became a high school teacher and spent nine years working for Fairfax County Schools. During this time he wrote and published Jailhouse Journalism: The Fourth Estate Behind Bars and The Rose Man of Sing Sing: A True Tale of Life, Murder and Redemption in the Age of Yellow Journalism. The Rose Man of Sing Sing was selected as one of the best non-fiction books of 2004 by the Washington Post, optioned as a movie, and released as an audio book by Random House. Its critical and commercial success prompted Morris to leave teaching and work full-time as an independent writer. In 2010, Morris published Pulitzer: A Life in Politics, Print, and Power. The Wall Street Journal deemed was one of the five best books on American moguls and one of the five best books on American newspaper publishers while Booklist placed on its 2010 list of the ten best biographies of the year. In 2009, with fellow biographers, Morris co-founded Biographers International Organization (BIO), a non-profit organization founded to promote the art and craft of biography, and to further the professional interests of its practitioners. In 2012, he was elected as its president. In 2014 he published Revolution by Murder: Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, and the Plot to Kill Henry Clay Frick," a Kindle Single. Morris's following book, Eye on the Struggle: Ethel Payne, The First Lady of the Black Press, was published in 2015 and widely reviewed and became a New York Times Bestseller The Ambulance Drivers: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and a Friendship Made and Lost in War was published in 2017 by Da Capo Press. He is currently writing a biography of Tony Hillerman.

Evan's Harlots, Whores & Hookers: A History of Prostitution (1979), was criticized by historian Vern Bullough as an "anecdotal collection of incidents, some true, some not so true, with little analysis of the sources from which they came and even less understanding of the historical forces." Skeptical researcher Philip J. Klass described Evans one of the "best informed and more sensible of the pro-UFOlogists." Klass however, found it "regrettable" that Evans was the editor of the anthology UFOs, 1947–1987 published by the Fortean Times. According to Klass the book is unreliable and filled with pseudoscientific claims. Christopher Scott in the New Scientist criticized Evans for his lack of scientific understanding. Scott noted that Evans was heavily biased and credulous for accepting reports of paranormal phenomena at face value. Evans in Intrusions (1982) had presented a photograph of the medium Eusapia Palladino allegedly levitating a table "without trickery", but her hands or feet were not visible, nor two of the legs of the table. Scott concluded that Evans description of the photograph was "sheer fantasy".

In a relatively short career at the top level, Dong won some of badminton's biggest events, including the prestigious All-England and Denmark Open titles in 1997. He was a silver medalist at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, losing the final in two close games to Denmark's Poul-Erik Hoyer Larsen. Among Dong's badminton achievements were victories at the Thailand Open (1995, 1996), China Open (1995, 1997, 1999), Swiss Open (1997), Badminton World Cup (1996), and quadrennial Asian Games (1998). The successes of Dong and his contemporary and rival Sun Jun marked the start of a revival in men's badminton fortunes for China, which, after dominating in the 1980s, had lost the initiative to Indonesia. Dong retired in 2001 without any job offer or pension from his employer, the Beijing municipal sports bureau. Rekindling his passion for cultivating the badmintonsport, Dong built up a franchise that includes five amateur badminton clubs, and was hired as the head coach of China's Paralympic badminton team. Dong felt lucky he could carry his own legacy in the amateur sport arena. He picked up new knowledge and confidence outside the topsport environment. Coaching players with disabilities since 2009, Dong focused his efforts on them at his clubs. He's spent money each year on improving the facilities while applying for an entry to the 2016 Paralympic Games.

As of the census of 2000, there were 60 people, 31 households, and 18 families residing in the city. The population density was 314.9 people per square mile (121.9/km²). There were 34 housing units at an average density of 178.4 per square mile (69.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. There were 31 households out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, and 41.9% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 22.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.56. In the city, the population was spread out with 20.0% under the age of 18, 1.7% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 31.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 128.6 males. As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $27,500, and the median income for a family was $29,375. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $14,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,642. There were 19.0% of families and 19.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 35.7% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

As of 2013, Woodland Cemetery had just over 60 acres (240,000 m²) of land. Reports of the number of remains at the cemetery have ranged widely over the years: 82,000 in 2010; 84,160 in 1953; 88,000 in 2003; 87,000 in 2013; and 93,000 in 1953 and 1981. The grounds are extremely flat, while the cemetery design is that of a rural cemetery. Portions of the southern half of the grounds are laid out somewhat symmetrically. The cemetery originally contained pedestrian paths between every section, as well as a number of unpaved roads through the sections. Nearly all of these are gone in the 21st century, with some removed to create new burial space. The remainder are now largely grassed over. The cemetery's north-south running Main Drive is 831 feet (253 m) in length and 18 feet (5.5 m) wide, and paved with asphalt. The cemetery once featured a stone pavilion (date of removal not known), a chapel (collapsed and removed in 1951), two fountains (date of removal not known), and a stone gatehouse (burned in the early 1980s, removed in 1996). At least two wooden gatehouses and a superintendent's lodge also stood on the property (dates of removal not known). The burying ground has a "profusion of well-designed monuments", including many notable funerary works in the Egyptian Revival, Neoclassical, Richardsonian Romanesque, and Victorian architectural styles. Individual memorials noted for their beauty over the years include those of William R. Henry (Section 1), Hiram Iddings (Section 6), Hannah Miles (Section 27), and Adolph G. Rettberg (Section 3). Notable family plots and memorials include the Brainard and Burridge vault (Section 3), the Eells family monument (Section 13), and the Sprankle crypt. Other notable memorials include the Mary Keokee Monroe grave (which features a marble angel in a glass enclosure beneath a granite temple; Section 35), and a memorial in Section 26 designed to look like a giant open book. Five major memorials remain in the cemetery. These are dedicated to the 7th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 23rd Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the Grand Army of the Republic, United States Colored Troops, and veterans of the War of 1812. Woodland Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It was designated a Cleveland Landmark by the city of Cleveland in 2008, and cited as an Ohio Historic Landmark by the state of Ohio in 2009.

She was commissioned at Chatham on 16 February 1900 by Captain Henry Baynes, to take out reliefs for HMS Ringarooma, HMS Boomerang and HMS Torch serving on the Australia Station, and left Plymouth two weeks later on 27 February 1900. Stopping in Gibraltar and Malta on her way out, she arrived in Australia in April, when Baynes took command of HMS Mildura, stationed there, and Captain Henry Leah of the latter ship took command of Diana for the return journey. The following year, she was commissioned with the complement of 450 officers and men at Chatham on 15 January 1901 to serve at the Mediterranean Station under the command of Captain Arthur Murray Farquhar. In March 1901 she was one of two cruisers to escort HMS Ophir, commissioned as royal yacht for the world tour of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later King George and Queen Mary), from Gibraltar to Malta, and then to Port Said. Captain Edmond Slade was appointed in command in April 1902, but Farquhar did not leave the ship until early June. In May 1902 she visited Palermo to attend festivities in connection with the opening of an Agricultural Exhibition by King Victor Emmanuel, and in August 1902 she toured the Aegean Sea, visiting Salonica and Lemnos. She was at Argostoli in early October before returning to Malta.

In 1940, American businessmen Martin Bromley, Irving Bromberg, and James Humpert formed Standard Games in Honolulu, Hawaii. Their aim was to provide coin-operated amusement machines, including slot machines, to military bases as the increase in personnel with the onset of World War II would create demand for entertainment. After the war, the founders sold Standard Games and established Service Games, named for the military focus. After the United States government outlawed slot machines in its territories in 1951, Bromley sent employees Richard Stewart and Ray LeMaire to Tokyo to establish Service Games of Japan to provide coin-operated slot machines to U.S. bases in Japan. A year later, all five men established Service Games Panama to control the various entities of Service Games worldwide. The company expanded over the next seven years to include distribution in South Korea, the Philippines, and South Vietnam. The name Sega, an abbreviation of Service Games, was first used in 1954 on a slot machine, the Diamond Star. Due to notoriety received from investigations into criminal business practices, Service Games of Japan was dissolved on May 31, 1960. On June 3, Bromley established two companies to take over its business activities, Nihon Goraku Bussan and Nihon Kikai Seizō. The two new companies purchased all of Service Games of Japan's assets. Kikai Seizō, doing business as Sega, Inc., focused on manufacturing slot machines. Goraku Bussan, doing business under Stewart as Utamatic, Inc., served as a distributor and operator of coin-operated machines, particularly jukeboxes. The companies merged in 1964, retaining the Nihon Goraku Bussan name. David Rosen, an American officer in the United States Air Force stationed in Japan, launched a photo booth business in Tokyo in 1954. This company became Rosen Enterprises, and in 1957 began importing coin-operated games into Japan. In 1965, Nihon Goraku Bussan acquired Rosen Enterprises to form Sega Enterprises, Ltd. Rosen was installed as the CEO and managing director, while Stewart was named president and LeMaire was the director of planning. Shortly afterward, Sega stopped leasing to military bases and moved its focus from slot machines to coin-operated amusement machines. Its imports included Rock-Ola jukeboxes, pinball games by Williams, and gun games by Midway Manufacturing. Because Sega imported second-hand machines that required frequent maintenance, it began constructing replacement guns and flippers for its imported games. This began the company's transition from importer to manufacturer. According to former Sega director Akira Nagai, this led to the company developing their own games. The first electromechanical game Sega manufactured was the submarine simulator Periscope, released worldwide in the late 1960s. It featured light and sound effects considered innovative, and was successful in Japan. It was exported to malls and department stores in Europe and the United States, and helped standardize the 25-cent-per-play cost for arcade games in the U.S. Sega was surprised by the success, and for the next two years the company produced and exported between eight and ten games per year. Despite this, rampant piracy in the industry would lead to Sega stepping away from exporting its games around 1970. In 1969, Sega was sold to American conglomerate Gulf and Western Industries, although Rosen remained CEO. In 1974, Gulf and Western made Sega Enterprises, Ltd. a subsidiary of an American company renamed Sega Enterprises, Inc. Sega released Pong-Tron, its first video-based game, in 1973. Despite late competition from Taito's hit arcade game Space Invaders in 1978, Sega prospered from the arcade game boom of the late 1970s, with revenues climbing to over US$100 million by 1979. During this period, Sega acquired Gremlin Industries, which manufactured microprocessor-based arcade games, and Esco Boueki, a coin-op distributor founded and owned by Hayao Nakayama. Nakayama was placed in charge of Sega's Japanese operations. In the early 1980s, Sega was one of the top five arcade game manufacturers active in the United States, as company revenues rose to $214 million. 1979 saw the release of Head On, which introduced the "eat the dots" gameplay Namco later used in Pac-Man. In 1981, Sega licensed and released Frogger, its most successful game until then. In 1982, Sega introduced the first game with isometric graphics, Zaxxon.

On February 3, 2000, the company announced that it was acquiring Andover.net for $800 million, a month after it became a public company. This acquisition gave VA Linux popular online media properties such as Slashdot, Andover News Network, Freshmeat, NewsForge (became a mirror of linux.com in 2007, mirrors geeknet.com since 2010), linux.com, ThinkGeek, and a variety of online software development resources. With this acquisition came a stable of writers such as Rob Malda, Robin Miller (Roblimo), Jack Bryar, Rod Amis, Jon Katz, and "CowboyNeal". The acquisition eventually allowed the company to shift its business model from Linux-based product sales to specialty media and software development support.

The American Contract Bridge League made a brief announcement about a conduct matter during the recent Spring Nationals in Kansas City, Mo. It said that John Blubaugh, a bridge teacher and professional player from Bowling Green, Ind., had been suspended for 18 months and placed on probation for five years after that. — Excerpt from NY Times article by Alan Truscott - April 2, 2001 The league said it had evidence that Blubaugh had given his partner a specific card when he was the dealer at several tournaments. League officials had taken videotapes that were used by the Ethical Oversight Committee and the league's board in deciding the matter. He denied the charges and said that his shuffling appeared clumsy because of an accident years ago that damaged the nerves in the hand. He sued the league for $3 million in damages, claiming that the suspension was wrongful and had effectively ended a career in which he hired himself to weaker players for tournament play. The Court granted summary judgment against him; this was upheld by the Circuit Court of Appeals, and Blubaugh was not granted certiorari by the US Supreme Court.

Demarest has been involved in several lawsuits filed by graduate student Brigitte Kovacevich regarding his actions while conducting scientific research in Guatemala. The first of these lawsuits was filed in 2007, and alleged that Demarest "engaged in repeated unprofessional and outrageous conduct that included burning down the field camp, destruction of artifacts, fabrication of a crime scene, the misappropriation and misuse of Vanderbilt University and government funds, threats against students and assaults of students." That suit was settled in 2008 . Demarest was again sued in the following year for violating the terms of the previous settlement. Kovacevich alleged that Demarest contacted the University Press of Colorado and claimed that Kovacevich did not have permission from an artist to use certain illustrations in her book, and Demarest also attempted to coerce the artist into withdrawing his consent. That suit was also settled .

Maceration is a form of controlled putrefaction, a stage of decomposition in which the proteins of the body's cells are broken down and consumed by bacteria in anaerobic conditions. The temperature is usually maintained at a constant optimal temperature in an incubator. Maceration generates very strong and distasteful odors, and is therefore usually done in a closed container in a ventilated area. Maceration is an alternative to the Dermestes method in which skin beetles are used to clean the flesh off of the corpse, a method which is used with corpses of small mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, because these animals' bones tend to fall apart in many tiny parts. Maceration is an unsuitable method to clean the bones of a fish, as they have a poorly articulated, pliable skeleton.

In 1905, a medal was created for those holding a Certificate of Merit and called the Certificate of Merit Medal. This medal was authorized for wear on a United States military uniform. It was always worn following the Medal of Honor, before all campaign medals. The first recipient of the Certificate of Merit Medal was First Lieutenant William B. Baker, who was presented medal No. 1 on 30 December 1907. Baker had received an original Certificate of Merit as a Corporal during the Spanish–American War on 13 August 1898. The last act recognized by a Certificate of Merit was May 1918, when Corporal Paul Scaletta made a water rescue of soldiers in dangerous surf condition at Ocean Beach, California. The last soldier to be awarded the Certificate of Merit Medal was George Arrington for his service while a Private with the 24th Infantry Regiment in 1889. He was awarded medal No. 361, and subsequently converted it to a Distinguished Service Cross.

Throughout the troubles, the 27 Infantry Battalion's largest commitment was providing checkpoints on border crossings in support to the Garda Síochána. Support to the Gardaí was known as Aid To Civil Powers (ATCP). Other ATCP tasks include escorting large sums of cash, industrial explosives and high-security prisoners as well as guarding Portlaoise Prison, Ireland's only high-security prison. In 1979 the battalion provided security at Killineer near Drogheda during Pope John Paul II visit to Ireland. In 2011 the battalion secured Islandbridge area in Dublin during the Queen of Britain's state visit and the secured Dublin airport for US president Barack Obamas visit a few days later. In 2015 soldiers from the battalion assisted Gardaí searching for missing Dundalk teenager Ciara Breen who went missing from her home in 1997.

Izzo signed with Miami's divisional rival New England in 2001, and played on three of the six Patriots' Super Bowl championship teams (2001, 2003 and 2004), defeating the St. Louis Rams, Carolina Panthers, and Philadelphia Eagles, respectively. Izzo was also part of the 2007 Patriots that were the only undefeated team since the NFL expanded to a 16-game schedule but had lost Super Bowl XLII to the New York Giants 17-14. He also had two more trips to Hawaii as the AFC special team representative in 2002, and 2004. Izzo gained notoriety in 2002 in the Patriots Super Bowl parade by leading the crowd in a "Yankees suck!" chant, in reference to the Yankees-Red Sox rivalry. In 2008, Izzo hosted an interview segment on the NESN dating show Sox Appeal.

Eric Samuelsen was born in Provo, Utah, but spent most of his early life in Bloomington, Indiana. His father Roy was an opera singer, which introduced young Samuelsen to a love for theater productions. As a young man he served in Norway as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He received a bachelor's degree in theatre from BYU in 1983 and returned to Bloomington and earned a Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1991. He taught at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio before joining the faculty at BYU in 1992. From 1999-2011 Samuelsen ran BYU's playwrighting program. Throughout his career, at least 24 of Samuelsen's plays were produced professionally throughout the United States, including California, Indiana, Louisiana, New York, and Utah. Most of Samuelsen's early plays were produced at BYU, but around 2003 he began a relationship with Plan-B Theatre Company. Since 2006, Plan-B premiered a Samuelsen play every year. He became its playwright in residence in 2012, and many of his newer plays were produced there. This may be due to a more controversial bent in later plays; Borderlands has a character who is an openly gay Mormon youth. Following illness and a diagnosis of polymyositis, a degenerative muscular disease, Samuelsen retired from BYU in 2012, where he had taught for 20 years. The next year, Plan-B Theatre Company dedicated 2013 as the "Season of Eric", presenting four of Samuelsen's plays.

Since the 1980s, the theory has become a mandatory university class. Having served as the Communist Party of China's (CPC) major policy guide since the Third Plenum of the 11th CPC National Congress in 1978, the theory was entrenched into the Communist Party's Constitution as a guiding ideology in 1997, and was also subsequently written into the Constitution of the People's Republic of China: Since the Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the Chinese Communists, represented mainly by Comrade Deng Xiaoping, have summed up both the positive and negative experiences gained since the founding of New China, implemented the principle of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, shifted the focus of the Party's work to economic development, introduced reform and opening, ushered in a new period for the development of the socialist cause, gradually formed the line, principles and policies on building socialism with Chinese characteristics, expounded the basic issues concerning building, consolidating and developing socialism in China, and created Deng Xiaoping Theory. Deng Xiaoping Theory is a product of the integration of the basic theory of Marxism-Leninism with the practice of modern China and the characteristics of the present era, the inheritance and development of Mao Zedong Thought under new historical conditions, a new stage of the development of Marxism in China, Marxism of modern China, and the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the CPC, guiding the cause of China's socialist modernization steadily forward.

In October 1949 the German Democratic Republic was formally launched out of what had previously been better known as the Soviet occupation zone, although the basis for a return to one-party government had already been set in place with the creation of a ruling party back in 1946: in reality building the new country was an iterative process lasting many years, and involving a necessarily massive building boom. Between 1949 and 1952 Graffunder studied architecture at the city's Building Academy (Vereinigten Bauschulen von Groß-Berlin) After that, between 1952 and 1967, he worked as an architect and city planner. He was employed as department head with Berlin's "VEB Development Project Support" organisation ("Bauprojektbetreuung Groß-Berlin") and with its various successor entities.

Four main periods in the evolution of the work of Ramis can be observed through his books: First period This first period, which took place during the second British domination (1763-1781), was the most prolific of them all. He wrote dramatic neoclassical plays in which he skilfully used the Catalan language to compose the French Alexandrine rhyming couplet: Lucrècia (1769), Arminda (1775) and Constància (1779). Moreover, as a founding member of Societat Maonesa de Cultura, he carried out an intense intellectual task until its dissolution in 1785. An analysis of the works found in his library sheds light on his literary preferences: Greco-roman classical works including those written by Homer, Horace, Virgil, Ovid, Seneca the Younger, Terence; 17th and 18th centuries writers such as Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, Jean Racine and Voltaire; English classical and contemporary authors such as Shakespeare, Thomson and Young; as well as Italians such as Petrarch, Torquato Tasso and Pietro Metastasio; and some German writers such as Gessner. Second period In this period, which took place between 1783 and 1793, historiography became the central focus, whereas literature turned secondary. Some of the most important works written in this period are: Resumen topográfico e histórico de Menorca (1784), commissioned by the Royal Academy of History; Ensayo Latino-Menorquín de los tres reynos vegetal, animal y mineral (1788); and Pesos y Medidas de Menorca y su correspondencia con los de Castilla. Notwithstanding, he also produced some literary books such as those edited in 1783: Ègloga de Tirsis i Filis, using a neoclassical style, and the tragicomedy Rosaura, following Baroque standards. Third period In 1791 he wrote several elegies for his wife, Joana Montanyès, who died in that year and marked the beginning of the third period in Ramis’ work with whom he had had two daughters. The year 1793, after his mother's (Caterina Ramis) death, marked the beginning of the third period in his work, when he focused on working to maintain the social status of his family. This is the reason why he took public positions including that of advisor of the Royal Heritage in 1802, judge of printers and bookstores in Menorca in 1805 and advisor in the commission of the Royal Tax Office in 1812. Even though his intellectual activity became secondary in this period, he continued writing several pieces of work, including burlesque and love poems as well as the work Els temps i paratges de Menorca en què és més gustós i saludable el Peix (1811). Fourth period This last period, which started in 1814, was a productive one, since he edited numerous history-related books: Alquerías de Menorca (1815), Situación de la Isla de Menorca (1816), Varones Ilustres de Menorca (1817), Antigüedades célticas de la isla de Menorca (1818, Celtic antiques on the island of Menorca) (which was the first archaeological treatise about the island and all the Spanish state), Alonsíada (1818, epic poem about the conquest of Menorca by the Catalan troops), and Historia civil y política de Menorca (1819).

Lechler's Instructions, was written for his son Moritz in 1516, at a time when the Late Gothic was being displaced by the Renaissance. He writes that "[a]n honourable work glorifies its master, if it stands up," and goes on to show how elevation measurements are taken from a ground plan specifically in the construction of a late medieval German hall church. Lechler describes how the width of a church choir becomes the modular unit for producing other construction measurements. For example, the outside wall of the church is one-tenth the width of the choir, and is used further to generate smaller measurements for buttresses, windows, etc. The treatise is described as "unsystematic" in its treatment of the different structural components, including "canopies, [the] orientation of the choir by means of a compass, tower (strength of the wall and of the foundation), pile-work, tracery, ... pinnacles of various heights, and gables." In addition, because it describes a simple church hall rather than an elaborate 13th-century Rayonnant-style French cathedral, its content should not be generalized to all period masons or construction methodologies. In some academic writing, the name "Lacher" is used to describe Lechler's work. The same academic notes that Lechler used an absolute measurement unit of Schuh, or "shoe", which is approximately thirty centimetres. Known as the Unterweisung in German, Lechler's Instructions comes to us via a 16th-century notebook belonging to Jacob Feucht von Andernach, which also included a copy of Matthäus Roritzer's Booklet Concerning Pinnacle Correctitude. Dates in the Andernach notebook suggest that Lechler's text was copied between 1593-96. Lechler is known to have been the master mason for the tabernacle in the Church of St. Dionysius in Esslingen (1486–89). Its ground plan, which would today be called an architectural sketch, is found in the booklet.

For thousands of years indigenous peoples had lived along the rivers in this area, with varying cultures. By the time of European encounter, the Osage was a major tribe in the area. Their territory started at the Missouri River and extended west, including to parts of present-day Arkansas. In 1541 the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and expedition passed through the area, as did the 1721 expedition of Bernard de la Harpe. They gave Spanish names to many of the local streams, which the Osage had already named. In 1796 Jean Pierre Chouteau, a French trader from St. Louis, established the first trading post in 1796 at the junction of the Grand/Neosho River and Saline Creek for business with the Osage. Remembered today as one of the first permanent "white" (European-American) settlements in present-day Oklahoma, at that time the area was part of the Spanish Louisiana. The United States took possession of the land that included Salina with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. By 1817, keelboats were landing goods at Salina from Ft. Smith, Arkansas, and the area was considered part of what was known as "Indian Territory" of the United States. That year, Chouteau's son Auguste Pierre and his partner Joseph Revoir received an exclusive license from Spanish authorities to trade with the Osage. In 1820, the Spanish government of the time took the monopoly away. Chouteau convinced the Osage tribe, under the leadership of Cashesgra ("Big Trek"), to migrate into Indian Territory near the trading post, and ensured the survival of the business. In 1820, the United States Department of War authorized Epaphras Chapman to establish the Union Mission near the mouth of Chouteau Creek to educate and convert the Osage. The mission had the first printing press in present-day Oklahoma. Under its policy of Indian Removal, the US government began to remove Native American tribes from the Southeast, giving them land in the Territory in exchange. The Indians boiled salt from the water rising from limestone rock about a mile south of the trading post. Springs included one hot water geyser that shot boiling water 8 to 10 feet (3.0 m) into the air. Chouteau obtained the springs in a treaty in 1825 and sold them to Sam Houston in 1830. A Cherokee, Captain John Rogers, began making salt from the springs and named them Grand Saline. He built his home nearby. Washington Irving visited on October 6, 1832, accompanied by Sam Houston. In 1838 the government began moving Cherokee to the area in implementation of the Indian Removal Act. By 1839, Rogers was operating 115 salt kettles. He lost the salt works in 1844 to the Cherokee Nation under a new law defining their territory. The Cherokee leased the works to Lewis Ross (brother of Chief John Ross). Ross built a house there and operated the salt business using African American slave labor. Drilling for salt water, in 1859 Ross accidentally hit the first vein of oil in Indian Territory (Oklahoma). It flowed at the rate of 10 barrels a day for a year. He operated two stores in Salina. In 1862 during the American Civil War, Union soldiers came down unopposed on the Grand River to Salina and set all slaves free. The soldiers ransacked the Ross home, had the slaves load everything on wagons, and hauled the goods across the border to the free state of Kansas. In 1872 the Cherokee Nation purchased the Ross home for $26,000 and used it for years as the Cherokee Orphan Asylum. It was destroyed by fire in 1899. Reconstructed, the structure is now used as a gym. The Cherokee chief Samuel Houston Mayes established a ferry and mercantile business on the Grand River in 1906. The establishment of the Old Chouteau Trading Post at Salina was commemorated on October 10–11, 1938 and has become an annual celebration. Among those speaking at the inaugural event were Governor-Elect Leon C. Phillips, Dr. M. L. Wardell of the University of Oklahoma, Mr. Thomas J. Harrison of Pryor, and Yvonne Chouteau, a descendant of Jean Pierre Chouteau. In June 1952, the county attorney Jack Burris was assassinated at his home near Salina in one of the most famous unsolved murders in Oklahoma history.

The fort, as built and existing, is an eight-pointed star. The external walls of the fort have been built with granite stones and lime mortar while the interior buildings, which accommodate army barracks, armoury, stores and others, have been built with fired bricks. Apart from these, two cellars were built next to a deep well which were underground structures used to store gunpowder, and these rooms remained cool even during summer months. The fort has sloping walls. It is said that the fort is "the most complete Vaubanesque star-shaped fort in India". Tourism is not well developed in the area. The Tourism Department of Karnataka, pressed by demands from local people of Sakaleshpura, have plans to create basic amenities around the fort and also develop a park.

Inédito received uniformly positive reviews when it was released to the general public. The Daily Telegraph hailed the album as "a lost gem by Brazil's finest songwriter," and critic Mark Hudson wrote in his review that "the re-release of an extraordinary, yet little-known album from Jobim's twilight years sheds new light on this fascinating figure and on the whole bossa phenomenon." Hudson lauded Inéidto's "fabulous sweep" showing the range of musical genres and artists that influenced Jobim’s work, such as West Coast jazz, European modernism, Debussy, and Brazilian composer Pixinguinha. "You get a sense of this rich blend of influences on Inedito. The siren sweep of the female voices brings a sense of exaltation with echoes of African religious chants, the Catholic liturgy and the fugitive textures that have all fed into Brazilian music. And yet an element of kitsch never leaves the picture. . . . For all the sophistication of his musical vision, Jobim is a popular composer, who never loses sight of his music's origins in the bars and beach parties of Rio. Like his contemporary Burt Bacharach, he does extraordinary things with melody, while making sure to give the man in the street an easily digested emotional pay-off. It is this complex mingling of the high and the low, of the refined and the faintly naff, that makes Jobim and bossa nova itself such a compelling phenomenon." John Lannert at Billboard called the album "a critical masterpiece", while The Wall Street Journal referred to Inédito as a "fully realized gem. . . . The up-tempo songs are lovingly redefined . . . and the explorations of Jobim's more brooding, somber works are startlingly effective. 'The Unknown' captures the breadth and depth of Jobim's remarkable body of work, which remains the wellspring of a thriving musical movement." Jobim’s music "shines in the hands of its eternal master," claimed Philadelphia Weekly. "For those familiar with this engaging, jazz-friendly genre, Jobim's well-known compositions are included here: the coastal-breezed 'Wave,' the bouncy 'Desafinado' and of course the ubiquitous 'Garota de Ipanema' which Jobim refashions into a new acoustic 'remixed' version. Also included are several lesser-known compositions, from the brooding waltzy piano solo 'Imagina' to the ebullient 'Derradeira Primavera.'" In his AllMusic review of Inédito, Richard S. Ginell said, "The feeling of saudade is very much front and center on Jobim's birthday present to himself -- he later said that this was his favorite album -- and all of his connoisseurs should try to hunt it down."

Herman R. Staudt was born in Yonkers, New York on June 29, 1926. At age 19, he enrolled in the United States Army in 1945, in the midst of World War II. He served in the Army until 1947, leaving with the rank of Staff Sergeant. He was educated at New York University, receiving his B.S. in Electrical Engineering in 1947, and then at Rutgers University, receiving an M.S. in Electrical Engineering in 1949. After graduating, Staudt joined the Signal Corps Laboratories, a part of the U.S. Army Signal Corps, at Fort Monmouth, first as a field test engineer then as chief project engineer, and then as chief of the Tactical Systems Section.

Although Holland's first prominent editorial art work appeared in Avant Garde Magazine in 1968 under the art direction of Herb Lubalin, the two significant milestones in Holland's early career were becoming a regular contributor to Playboy starting in 1967 and in 1970 establishing himself as a frequent contributor to The New York Times Op-Ed Page. At Playboy, his talent was first recognized by art director Art Paul, who after seeing the artists work invited him to become a monthly contributor. Hollands' monthly contributions to Playboy accompanied the Ribald Classics series. At The New York Times, Holland was brought in by Jean-Claude Suares, the first art director of the Op-Ed page and who is credited with bringing the first works of illustration to the editorial page of the New York Times. Holland's contributions to the Times Op-Ed page were seen as a fundamental shift in how illustration could be used in print, as more often than not Holland treated the art and text as two separate elements. In 1969 Holland and Steven Heller founded the short-lived Asylum Press, created to represent and promote the work of artists and designers to underground and alternative press resources. After the failure of New York Review Of Sex, Heller became the art director of Screw: The Sex Review, for which Holland did some covers. Holland's drawings, in particular those about the Nixon administration's Watergate scandal, became the single largest body of work to be published in the first book of Op-Ed art: The Art of the Times, edited by Jean-Claude Suares and published in 1973 by Darien House. In the same year, Holland would accompany Suares when the art director arranged an exhibition of Op-Ed art from The Times at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris. By 1986, the artist was so firmly established as a prominent presence in the graphics community that The Washington Post said Holland was "the undisputed star of American Illustration". Writing for Print Magazine, Author Steven Heller wrote, "As Pollock redefined plastic art, Holland has radically changed the perception of illustration".

Although essentially a Prussian authoritarian, Schleicher also believed that the Army had a social function as an institution unifying the diverse elements in society. He was also opposed to policies such as Eastern Aid (Osthilfe) for the bankrupt East Elbian estates of his fellow Junkers. To bypass Part V of the Treaty of Versailles, which had forbidden conscription, Schleicher engaged the services of the SA and other paramilitaries as the best substitute for conscription. From December 1930 onwards, Schleicher was in regular secret contact with Ernst Röhm, the leader of the SA, who soon become one of his best friends. On 2 January 1931 Schleicher changed the Defense Ministry's rules to allow National Socialists to serve in military depots and arsenals, though not as officers, combat troops or sailors. Before 1931, members of the military had been strictly forbidden to join any political parties, because the Reichswehr was supposed to be non-political. It was only National Socialists who were allowed to join the Reichswehr in Schleicher's changing of the rules; if a member of the Reichswehr joined any other political party, he would be dishonourably discharged. In March 1931, without the knowledge of either Groener or Adolf Hitler, Schleicher and Röhm reached a secret arrangement that in the event of a war with Poland or a Communist putsch, or both, the SA would mobilise and come under the command of Reichswehr officers in order to deal with the national emergency. The close friendship between Schleicher and Röhm was later in 1934 to provide a seemingly factual basis to Hitler's claim that Schleicher and Röhm had been plotting to overthrow him, thus justifying the assassination of both. Like the rest of the Reichswehr leadership, Schleicher saw democracy as an impediment to military power, and was convinced that only a dictatorship could make Germany a great military power again. It was Schleicher's dream to create a Wehrstaat (Military State), in which the military would reorganize German society as part of the preparations for the total war that the Reichswehr wished to wage. From the second half of 1931 onwards Schleicher was the leading advocate within the German government of the Zähmungskonzept (taming concept) where the Nazis were to be "tamed" by being brought into the government. Schleicher, a militarist to the core, greatly admired the militarism of the Nazis; and the fact that Grenzschutz was working well, especially in East Prussia where the SA was serving as an unofficial militia backing up the Reichswehr was seen as a model for future Army-Nazi co-operation. Schleicher became a major figure behind the scenes in the presidential cabinet government of Heinrich Brüning between 1930 and 1932, serving as an aide to General Groener, the Minister of Defense. Eventually, Schleicher, who established a close relationship with Reichspräsident (Reich President) Paul von Hindenburg, came into conflict with Brüning and Groener and his intrigues were largely responsible for their fall in May 1932.

At Stoke, halls of residence are primarily situated on the Leek Road campus. The shared-bathroom accommodation was sponsored by various local potteries, and halls are therefore named after them, for example Royal Doulton, Coalport, Mintons, Spode, Aynsley and Wedgwood halls. The on campus en-suite accommodation is contained within Clarice Cliff Court, comprising seven halls of about 30 students over three floors, each named after female ceramicists: Rachel Bishop, Eve Midwinter, Jessie van Hallen, Charlotte Rhead, Jessie Tait, Millicent Taplin and Star Wedgwood. Along with the halls and en-suite, the university also offers 32 houses known as the Leek Road Houses which inhabit up to 6 people each. Carlton House, Etruscan House, Caledonia Road, Queen Anne Street Flats, Cromwell Court, Church Street and Sovereign House are situated off campus. They are all within 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) of the Stoke Campus, and are reserved for postgraduate and returning (second and third year) students. The Shelton area of Stoke is where many students choose to live after their first year. The proximity of Shelton to the university and the large quantity of student accommodation has effectively turned it into a mini-student village. Alternatively, there are also the popular College Court Halls, which are privately run and operate in a similar way to halls. The Halls are situated opposite to Hanley Park and are within close range to the university.

The idea of making an adventure game with Pete and Vasily Chapayev as main characters arose in early 1996, as the editors of SBG Magazine e-zine were speculating on the idea of "perfect adventure game" and its possible publisher. Discussions resulted in the decision of making their own game in that genre, with the heroes of popular jokes – namely, Vasily Ivanovich Chapayev, Pete and Anka – as protagonists. After a while, in mid-1996, the development process was well under way. Vyacheslav Pismenny became the project's lead script writer. Oleg Zakharov took the place of the lead artist. Generally speaking, the whole editorial staff of the e-zine was involved in the development. In SBG Magazine #7’97, issued in December, 1997, editors officially announced Red Comrades Save the Galaxy. The feature story included synopsis of the game and a dozen of screenshots. Also, it partially covered the development process (the article itself was entitled "The Birth of a Blockbuster or How to Make an Adventure Game in 9 Months..."). In addition to that, game's script writer, Vyacheslav Pismenny, gave interviews to several video game magazines, including Game World Navigator. It was much about that time, that the contract with the publisher, Buka, was signed. In June, 1998, a non-interactive demo of the game was released. Alongside with descriptive information, it included about 10 animated scenes from Red Comrades. The game's release was scheduled for Q3, 1998. A demo of Red Comrades was presented prior to the retail release. Virtually, it was just a video showing some characters and locations from the game. Finally, Red Comrades Save the Galaxy hit the shelves in early November, 1998. Its development took SBG studio (which changed its name to S.K.I.F.) two years and a half – one year more than it was initially planned. Upon release, Red Comrades became a real breakthrough in many ways. Firstly, it was the first 3-CD game ever released in Russia. Secondly, the game was among the first so-called "jewel-box" releases – such model allowed cutting the production cost of every copy and increasing the total print (although the collector's edition was released as well). Thirdly, Red Comrades Save the Galaxy was one of the progenitors of the so-called “Russian adventure game” genre which is also represented by such earlier published titles as Pilot Brothers: Chasing the Striped Elephant (Bratya Piloty: Po Sledam Polosatogo Slona, Russian: Братья Пилоты: По следам полосатого слона), GAG (Russian: ГЭГ) and others. On September 11, 2014 Red Comrades Save the Galaxy was released for Android OS devices. It was published again by “Buka”, while the porting was done by Eltechs team. The game is distributed as shareware product.

In 2012 proposals were submitted to Cheshire West & Chester council, the owners of the southern section of the Wirral Country Park, for the re-establishment of rail services on the Wirral Way as a heritage steam railway. The proposals initially envisaged the running of steam trains from Hadlow Road railway station, which has already been fully restored, to Hooton railway station where the disused platforms are still extant. It was then envisaged that the line would be extended northwards to a new station on the outskirts of Neston, giving a total running length of four miles. The diverted cycle and walking track would run alongside the railway line, in a similar way to that seen at the Avon Valley Railway. The proposal would see a direct main line connection to Merseyrail services at Hooton as well as a walking-distance connection with the Borderlands Line at Neston railway station. As of 2017 there has been no news or progress reported on this proposal; however, a new Friends of Hadlow Road Station group have proposed laying a longer length of track, with a long-term view to placing carriages and a steam engine at the station.

On December 27, 2018, the Green Bay Press-Gazette interviewed veteran Mark Bentley, who had trained for the Special Atomic Demolition Munition program to manually place and detonate a modified version of the W54 nuclear bomb. The report stated that he and other soldiers training for the program knew this was a suicide mission because either it would be unrealistic to outrun the timer on the bomb, or that soldiers would be obligated to secure the site before the timer went off. However, in theory the timer could be set long enough to give the team a chance to escape. Specifically, he stated, "We all knew it was a one-way mission, a suicide mission." "You set your timer, and it would click when it went off, or it went ding or I forget what, but you knew you were toast," he said. "Ding! Your toast is ready, and it's you." He also commented, "The Army is not going to set a bomb like that and run away and leave it, because they don't know if someone else would get ahold of it," he said. "They have to leave troops there to make sure it's not stolen or compromised, and that would just be collateral damage. You didn't go out with the thought that it was anything other than a one-way mission. If you're Bruce Willis, you get away, but I ain't Bruce Willis."

The objective of the Communist force under the command of Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan was to deploy its force more rapidly by taking advantage of the winter when the river surfaces had frozen, and destroy another 7 – 8 Nationalist divisions by concentrating its troops belonging to the field army, with the help of units of local garrison. The Communists hoped to eliminate Nationalist force in southern Liaoning. In order to achieve this objective, the 8th column and the 9th column of the field army were ordered to strike eastward from Chaoyang, while other columns were ordered to the north and west of Shenyang.

VVAF's newest programs, War Kids Relief and Returnee Integration Support Program were launched in November 2005. War Kids Relief, led by former Iraq veteran and captain Jon Powers, helps of Iraqi children recover from the disruptive effects of war. The program works to improve the physical conditions of existing housing facilities and provide training to orphanage directors and caregivers, integrate children back into safe family environments, and with Construct a Baghdad Career and Life Skills Center works to provide a safe haven for older children (age 12–18) and give them a place to learn job and life-training skills.

In the 2003 provincial election, Meilleur was elected in the riding of Ottawa—Vanier as the Liberal Party candidate. The Liberal party won the election, and Meilleur was appointed Minister of Culture with responsibility for Francophone Affairs on October 23, 2003. In November 2003, Meilleur announced that provincial grants would be made available to libraries in rural communities. In April 2004, she announced the extension of demolition controls on heritage buildings. In 2008, she became the province's first cabinet minister ever to attend an international summit of La Francophonie. On April 5, 2006, Meilleur was appointed Minister of Community and Social Services. She was reelected to her Ottawa—Vanier riding in the 2007 provincial election. After she was re-elected in the 2011 provincial election, she was appointed Minister of Community Safety and Correctional Services.

On 24 November, Turkish F-16's downed a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 near the Syrian-Turkish border. A Russian pilot was killed, while another Russian soldier died in the rescue operation that took place in the northern Latakia mountain area. A Russian rescue helicopter was also destroyed by a TOW crew. The crew remained unharmed. Later that day, the second pilot reached the military airport of Latakia after he was rescued by special forces. Jabal Turkman was subjected to intense bombardment by the Russians after the shootdown of its bomber jet by the Turkish Air Force. On 27 November, the al-Qaeda-linked al-Nusra Front and the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria fought against Syrian government and Hezbollah forces around Jabal Nuba, as the Syrian army bombarded them with artillery and Russian warplanes bombed Jabal al-Akrad. The Syrian Army's intense artillery bombardment with hundreds of rockets killed 15 fighters of the Turkistan Islamic Party along with its military leader in Jabal Turkman. Turkistan Islamic Party reported over 30 killed in clashes with government forces during the week. On the same day, government forces captured two more hills and secured Jabal Al-Nuba mountain.

On April 20, 1992, the station first signed on as WYZM, owned by Janice and Ronald Felder. The station was known throughout most of the 1990s as country music station "The Big Y-105." It became WBZU ("105-1 The Buzz") in November 2000, launching a 1980s music format with a 5,000-song marathon without interruption. Over time, the station started to sprinkle hits from the 70s and 90s into its format, with an eventual emphasis on classic hits from all three decades. In May 2005, the station became WCHY and rebranded as "105.1 Charlie FM" ("We Play Everything"), adopting an adult hits format very similar to the Jack FM-branded stations, with a wide-ranging list of popular music from the 70s, 80s, and 90s, along with occasional music from the 1960s and 2000s. In later years, "Charlie FM" would feature commercial-free weekday morning music blocks (8-11AM) as well as "No-Repeat Work Weeks", in which no song was repeated for the entire 9AM-5PM Monday-thru-Friday work week. Aside from airing the syndicated Kidd Kraddick in the Morning show between March 2009 and May 2010, "Charlie FM" used no regular roster of live disc jockeys, with prerecorded voiceovers serving as the continuity element. On September 4, 2012, at 2 p.m., after playing a half-hour of "goodbye"-themed songs (ending with *Nsync's "Bye Bye Bye" and R.E.M.'s "It's The End of the World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"), WCHY flipped to a hot adult contemporary format as "Mix 105.1", launching with Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe". (The station would change its call sign to WMHX on September 20, 2012.) In announcing the change, Entercom-Madison VP/Market Manager Michael Keck stated that "There is a hole in the [Madison] market for a station like Mix;" indeed, Madison had lacked a Hot AC-formatted station since WXXM ("Mix 92.1") dropped the format for progressive talk in 2004. "Mix 105.1" aimed to position itself musically between popular competitors WZEE (Top 40) and WMGN (AC) with a playlist emphasizing current musicians including Adele, Pink, Rihanna, and Maroon 5.

On 16 June 1976, school children protested the implementation of Afrikaans and English as dual medium of instruction in secondary schools in a 50:50 basis. This was implemented throughout South Africa regardless of the locally-spoken language and some exams were also written in Afrikaans. Students gathered to peacefully demonstrate, but the crowd soon became intimidated when the police arrived, and started to throw stones. The police arrived and fired tear gas into the crowd in order to disperse them. There are conflicting accounts of who gave the first command to shoot, but soon children were turning and running in all directions, leaving some children lying wounded on the road. Although the media often named Pieterson as the first child to die that day, another boy, Hastings Ndlovu, was actually the first child to be shot. But in the case of Hastings, there were no photographers on the scene, and his name was not immediately known. When Pieterson was shot, he fell on the corner of Moema and Vilakazi Streets. He was picked up by Mbuyisa Makhubo who, together with Pieterson's sister Antoinette (then 17 years old), ran towards Sam Nzima's car. They bundled him in, and journalist Sophie Tema drove him to a nearby clinic where he was pronounced dead. Mbuyisa and Nzima were harassed by the police after the incident and both went into hiding. Mbuyisa's mother told the Truth and Reconciliation Commission that she received a letter from Mbuyisa in 1978 from Nigeria but she has not heard from him since. Pieterson and Hastings Ndlovu are buried at the Avalon Cemetery, Soweto. Also on that day 10 people died and 250 people were injured

Trump's right-wing populist positions—nativist, protectionist, and semi-isolationist—differ in many ways from traditional conservatism. He opposes many free trade deals and military interventionist policies that conservatives generally support, and opposes cuts in Medicare and Social Security benefits. While insisting that Washington is "broken" and can only be fixed by an outsider, Washington-based conservatives were surprised by the popular support for his positions. Trump polled well with Tea Party voters, and politicians with strong tea party ties, such as Sarah Palin and Michele Bachmann, similarly endorsed Trump. Some prominent conservatives praised Trump. Newt Gingrich described him as the latest incarnation of the Reagan Revolution, and had said that his election would be "very healthy for America". In the aftermath of Trump's statements regarding the Khan's, Gingrich later said that Trump was making himself a less acceptable candidate for the presidency than Hillary Clinton, but that "Trump is vastly better than Hillary as President". Rush Limbaugh, while clearly favoring Ted Cruz, relished the degree to which Trump exposed the conservative establishment as an elitist self-interested clique. Sean Hannity was an unapologetic advocate for Trump and endorsed him. In July and August 2015, U.S. Senator John McCain (former presidential candidate, Vietnam War naval veteran, and prisoner of war) and Trump criticized each other on several occasions, primarily over their differing positions on immigration. At a July 18, 2015, event Trump described McCain as a "loser" and added, "He's not a war hero. He was a war hero because he was captured. I like people who weren't captured." His comments were heavily criticized; some of his primary rivals said he should withdraw from the race because of them. At a later press availability Trump denied having said McCain is not a war hero, saying "If somebody's a prisoner, I consider them a war hero." At the same time, he criticized McCain for not having done enough for veterans. McCain said Trump should apologize, not to him personally, but to former American prisoners of war and "the families of those who have sacrificed in conflict". Trump declined to issue any apology. Eventually, McCain endorsed Trump because he was the nominee of the Republican party. On August 2, Trump stated that he was not endorsing McCain in his campaign for the Republican nomination for his existing Senate seat. Three days later, however, he did endorse him, saying in prepared remarks, "I hold in the highest esteem Sen. John McCain for his service to our country in uniform and in public office and I fully support and endorse his reelection." McCain later withdrew his endorsement following the Access Hollywood controversy in October 2016. Republican Senator Lindsey Graham, a primary rival, was "one of Trump's fiercest critics". He called Trump a "race-baiting, xenophobic, religious bigot" and asserted that Trump doesn't have the temperament or judgment to be president. After Trump attacked a federal judge for his Mexican heritage, Graham urged people who had endorsed Trump to rescind their endorsements, saying "This is the most un-American thing from a politician since Joe McCarthy." Graham stated that he would vote for neither Trump nor Clinton. The Jeb Bush–Trump dynamic was one of the more contentious relationships among the Republican contenders. Bush's campaign spent tens of millions of dollars on anti-Trump ads, while in response Trump mocked Jeb Bush with the epithet that he was "low energy". During an exchange with Jeb Bush in the ninth Republican primary debate, the audience (most favoring Bush) repeatedly booed Trump. Trump scoffed that the audience was made up of "Jeb's special interests and lobbyists". According to The Washington Post, the most telling aspect of the Bush–Trump duel may have been the fact that, "No candidate in the race was prepared for GOP voters' opposition to immigration, with the exception of Trump", and the anti-illegal immigration sentiment that Trump tapped into throughout the campaign, and with the Act of Love advertisement. Texas Senator Ted Cruz was a primary rival for the Republican nomination. In the early days of the primary Cruz showered praise on Trump. But as the primary season went on, Cruz went on the attack, calling Trump a "bully" and a "pathological liar", and Trump took to referring to Cruz as "Lyin' Ted". Trump repeatedly claimed Cruz was not eligible to be president because he was born in Canada. On September 23, 2016, Cruz publicly endorsed Trump for president.

The orbiter had design elements and capabilities of both a rocket and aircraft to allow it to launch vertically and then land as a glider. Its three-part fuselage provided support for the crew compartment, cargo bay, flight surfaces, and engines. The rear of the orbiter contained the Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME), which provided thrust during launch, as well as the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS), which allowed the orbiter to achieve, alter, and exit its orbit once in space. Its double-delta wings were 60 feet long, and were swept 81° at the inner leading edge and 45° at the outer leading edge. Each wing had an inboard and outboard elevon to provide flight control during reentry, along with a flap located between the wings, below the engines to control pitch. The orbiter's vertical stabilizer was swept backwards at 45°, and contained a rudder that could split to act as a speed brake. The vertical stabilizer also contained a two-part drag parachute system to slow the orbiter after landing. The orbiter used a retractable landing gear with a nose landing gear and two main landing gears, each containing two tires. The main landing gears contained two brake assemblies each, and the nose landing gear contained an electro-hydraulic steering mechanism. Four operational OVs were originally built. Following the construction of Columbia (OV-102) and the conversion of Challenger (OV-099) to a flyable spacecraft, Discovery (OV-103) and Atlantis (OV-104) were ordered in January 1979. After the Challenger disaster in January 1986, NASA ordered a fifth OV, Endeavour (OV-105) in July 1987. Endeavour was primarily built from structural spares that were created during the construction of Discovery and Atlantis.

Mathews was born in New York to Vincent Mathews and Catalina Abeel, the daughter of Johannes Abeel, the second Mayor of Albany and Catherine Schuyler. He earned a Master of Arts degree from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1754. He married Sarah Seymour on November 6, 1758, in New York. He was admitted to practice law in Orange County, New York in 1760, and was the County Clerk of Orange County from 1762 through 1778. Mathews was in 1770 one of the founders of the Moot Club, a forum for legal discussion, whose members consisted of William Livingston, James Duane, Gouverneur Morris, Stephen DeLancey, John Jay, Egbert Benson, and Robert R. Livingston. John Jay would later be one of the signatories of Mathews' arrest warrant in 1776. He was appointed Mayor in February 1776 by William Tryon, Governor of the Province of New York, replacing Whitehead Hicks. Mathews lived in Manhattan but maintained a summer residence in Flatbush, located approximately at the intersection of Flatbush Avenue and Parkside Avenue, and where he conducted much of his business while Mayor.

Herman Davis was born in 1941, and grew up in the Trench Town area of Kingston. He began playing in the late 1950s, and in the 1960s performed on the Vere Johns Opportunity Hour, and in Kingston's live music scene. In 1966 he performed at the visit to Jamaica of Haile Selassie. Herman's recording career began in 1969. He recorded as a duo with Eric "Bingy Bunny" Lamont in the early 1970s for producer Derrick Harriott, having hits in Jamaica including "Know For I" in 1971. He moved on to record for Harry Mudie in the mid-1970s. In the 1970s and 1980s he was much in demand as a studio musician, recording with The Abyssinians (including kété drums on "Satta Masa Gana"), Jimmy Cliff, Prince Far I, the Congos, Culture, the Revolutionaries, Roots Radics, and Mikey Dread. He acted as percussionist for The Itals for several years. He made an acting appearance in the 1978 film Rockers, of which he commented "Me was the first man in Jamaica to break-dance in a movie". He also features in the 2009 documentary Rock Steady the Roots of Reggae. During the 1990s he continued to work with many of Jamaica's top stars including Beenie Man, Capleton (with whom he toured Europe in 2003/4), Sizzla, Lady Saw, and U-Roy, and in the 2000s recorded with Mutabaruka and Gyptian. The digital era proved no barrier, with Herman stating "Once yuh is a professional musician yuh will fit inna anything, even a steel band; yuh have various type a percussion fi play, yuh jus' have fi know how to mix it inna di rhythm." His live performances often include the playing of a chamber pot and an enamel chimney.

Zanzibar is one of the Indian Ocean islands. It is situated on the Swahili Coast, adjacent to Tanganyika (mainland Tanzania). The northern tip of Unguja island is located at 5.72 degrees south, 39.30 degrees east, with the southernmost point at 6.48 degrees south, 39.51 degrees east. The island is separated from the Tanzanian mainland by a channel, which at its narrowest point is 36.5 kilometres (22.7 mi) across. The island is about 85 kilometres (53 mi) long and 39 kilometres (24 mi) wide, with an area of 1,464 km² (565 sq mi). Unguja is mainly low lying, with its highest point being 120 metres (390 ft). Unguja is characterised by beautiful sandy beaches with fringing coral reefs. The reefs are rich in marine biodiversity. The northern tip of Pemba island is located at 4.87 degrees south, 39.68 degrees east, and the southernmost point is located at 5.47 degrees south, 39.72 degrees east. The island is separated from the Tanzanian mainland by a channel some 56 kilometres (35 mi) wide. The island is about 67 kilometres (42 mi) long and 23 kilometres (14 mi) wide, with an area of 985 km² (380 sq mi). Pemba is also mainly low lying, with its highest point being 95 metres (312 ft).

On May 22, 2003, he was signed by the New York Rangers, after playing two seasons as the most feared fighter in the UHL. He would spend the next two years within the Rangers' minor league affiliates, the Hartford Wolf Pack and the Charlotte Checkers, before having brief stints playing for the Quad City Mallards and the Providence Bruins, in 2006–07 and 2007–08, respectively. On July 3, 2008, he signed as a free agent with the Florida Panthers, having never played an NHL game in a Rangers uniform. This would turn out to be MacIntyre's first stint in Florida (before returning in 2009). He was assigned to their minor league affiliates, the Rochester Americans on waivers, on September 28, 2008. He was picked up on waivers by the Edmonton Oilers two days later, on September 30. MacIntyre had an immediate impact in Edmonton, playing his first NHL game on October 3, against the Oilers' arch-rivals, the Calgary Flames - earning himself 7 minutes in the penalty box; 2 minutes for roughing and a further 5 minutes for a fight with Jim Vandermeer. On November 11, 2008, the Oilers placed MacIntyre on their Injured Reserve (IR) list, with a fractured orbital bone, an injury he sustained from a fight five nights earlier, against the Pittsburgh Penguins with fellow NHL "heavyweight" Eric Godard. He subsequently would miss the next 26 games. He would make his return on January 11, 2009, in a 2-1 win over the St. Louis Blues. Two nights later, January 13, MacIntyre would score his first NHL goal, in a 5-2 victory over the Washington Capitals. MacIntyre would add another goal later in the 2008–09 season and would finish with a total of 2 points from 22 games, collecting 40 penalty minutes. On November 9, 2009, he was assigned to the Oilers' minor league affiliate, the Springfield Falcons on waivers, after playing bit parts in 4 games. However, he would be picked up a day later, on November 10, by his former team, the Florida Panthers. He would spend the rest of the 2009–10 season between the Panthers and their AHL affiliates, the Rochester Americans, helping the Americans reach the 2010 Calder Cup Playoffs. On July 2, 2010, Steve MacIntyre signed a 1-year contract with the Edmonton Oilers, returning to the team he started his NHL career with. In an interview on The Team 1260 MacIntyre said "he was excited to be back" and was "very thankful" at the chance for another opportunity to play for the Oilers. On July 1, 2011, MacIntyre became a free agent. He later signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins on July 12. On January 11, 2012, the Pittsburgh Penguins placed Steve MacIntyre on waivers, and he was sent down to the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins after he cleared waivers the following day. On September 23, 2013, prior to the 2013–14 season, the Edmonton Oilers claimed MacIntyre off waivers, marking it the third tenure within the organization. He was assigned to their AHL affiliate, the Oklahoma City Barons. He did not re-sign with the Barons at the end of the season and on September 11, 2014, the Norfolk Admirals announced they had signed MacIntyre. On January 19, 2018, the Carolina Thunderbirds of the Federal Hockey League announced they had signed MacIntyre.

The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church had its beginnings in the 17th century, whereas the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Pakistan was founded in 1911. The Church of Pakistan and the Presbyterian Church of Pakistan are among the other Christian denominations. The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Pakistan has as membership of around 150,000. The centennial celebration of the church was held in Karachi where more than 5,000 ARP members were present. The beginning of the church was in 1906. Under British rule doctor Minnie Alexander came to Montgomery to extend medical assistance to the poor. Dr Minnie started mission work by working at a small clinic in Sialkot. Alexanders tenacity draw many more missionaries to Pakistan and now the denomination has more than 110,000 members. Dr. Ranson come to Pakistan with his family in 1920. Dr Minnie's small clinic became a 160-bed hospital. The church established the School of Nursingin Sahiwal in 1948. The denomination has several Christian schools in Pakistan. The ARP mission has planted 100 churches in Pakistan, 28 of which have planted in Karachi.

Schindler grew up in Germany, where she also did her undergraduate work. As an undergraduate, Schindler attended the Technical University of Munich (TUM). She completed her diploma thesis (equivalent of a master of science) under the direction of K. C. Nicolaou at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla. Schindler earned her doctorate degree at the ETH Zurich under the direction of Erick M. Carreira. Her Ph.D. thesis focused on the development of new synthetic strategies of natural products centered on the opening of oxabicyclic ring systems.  After completing her doctorate degree, Dr. Schindler joined Eric N. Jacobsen’s research group at Harvard University as a Feodor Lynen Postdoctoral Fellow.

Jiaozi (Chinese: 交子; pinyin: jiāozǐ) was a form of promissory note which appeared around the 11th century in the Sichuan capital of Chengdu, China. Numismatists regard it as the first paper money in history, a development of the Chinese Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE). Early Jiaozi notes did not have standard denominations but were denominated according to the needs of the purchaser and ranged from 500 wén to 5 guàn. The government office that issued these notes or the Jiaozi wu (Chinese: 交子務) demanded a payment or exchange fee (Chinese: 紙墨費) of 30 wén per guàn exchanged from coins to banknote. The Jiaozi were usually issued biannually. In the region of Liang-Huai (Chinese: 兩淮) these banknotes were referred to as Huaijiao (淮交) and were introduced in 1136 but their circulation stopped quickly after their introduction. Generally the lower the denominations of the Jiaozi the more popular they became, and as the government did not regulate their production their existence eventually lead to inflation. To combat counterfeiting, jiaozi were stamped with multiple banknote seals.