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Given the following passage
"Several recent movies have been filmed in New Haven, including Mona Lisa Smile (2003), with Julia Roberts, The Life Before Her Eyes (2007), with Uma Thurman, and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Harrison Ford, Cate Blanchett and Shia LaBeouf. The filming of Crystal Skull involved an extensive chase sequence through the streets of New Haven. Several downtown streets were closed to traffic and received a "makeover" to look like streets of 1957, when the film is set. 500 locals were cast as extras for the film. In Everybody's Fine (2009), Robert De Niro has a close encounter in what is supposed to be the Denver train station; the scene was filmed in New Haven's Union Station.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which of the following movies was not produced before 2008: Mona Lisa Smile, The Life Before Her Eyes, or Everybody's Fine? | [
2181,
6965,
31,
7,
11456,
1
] |
Everybody's Fine
|
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border. Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines for travel to any airport serviced by United Airlines, via Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station, (IATA: ZVE).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which line would you take to travel between northern states? | [
16475,
521,
7319,
1
] |
Acela Express
|
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
689,
19,
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border. Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines for travel to any airport serviced by United Airlines, via Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station, (IATA: ZVE).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What line is international? | [
18878,
49,
1
] |
Vermonter
|
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43,
12,
456,
11,
1190,
12,
240,
2337,
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border. Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines for travel to any airport serviced by United Airlines, via Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station, (IATA: ZVE).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Where do you have to start and stop to take advantage of codeshares? | [
368,
6604,
5735,
41,
427,
15472,
61,
3,
31433,
45,
42,
22718,
53,
44,
3545,
5939,
1
] |
Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station
|
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19,
907,
1761,
2193,
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8,
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2356,
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17,
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border. Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines for travel to any airport serviced by United Airlines, via Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station, (IATA: ZVE).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Why is United Air relevant to the train lines for Amtrak? | [
736,
17,
9782,
92,
1081,
12484,
7,
28,
907,
15738,
1
] |
Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines
|
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11860,
10,
363,
3154,
885,
12,
430,
684,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border. Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines for travel to any airport serviced by United Airlines, via Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station, (IATA: ZVE).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What runs close to another country? | [
18878,
49,
1
] |
Vermonter
|
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8,
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1444,
126,
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16,
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5
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Given the following passage
"New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: __ is the largest daily newpaper in Connecticut. | [
26069,
13579,
288,
1
] |
Hartford Courant
|
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6,
8,
5547,
23501,
27279,
11,
3,
9,
13934,
3808,
20253,
6,
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7800,
8336,
5,
549,
11053,
566,
9916,
9478,
8,
14213,
8484,
21,
15505,
6,
549,
6227,
4,
9916,
3,
3390,
6,
8,
499,
9688,
1981,
4562,
8484,
21,
8,
538,
6,
11,
15505,
2575,
21922,
2478,
9664,
19409,
4245,
7123,
6,
3,
9,
276,
4547,
8484,
6,
6878,
45,
368,
19586,
5,
432,
368,
1060,
896,
1506,
11,
2100,
372,
6991,
6878,
12,
368,
19586,
1334,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
3,
834,
834,
19,
1371,
31,
7,
10043,
11721,
1790,
8468,
5
] |
Given the following passage
"New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: __ is America's oldest continuously published newspaper. | [
26069,
13579,
288,
1
] |
Hartford Courant
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
6861,
19586,
19,
2098,
57,
8,
1444,
368,
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12306,
6,
8,
5547,
96,
8818,
29,
1528,
121,
368,
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28040,
41,
3339,
19,
661,
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6,
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293,
53,
8,
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6,
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8,
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3092,
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5,
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57,
46,
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18,
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5,
37,
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92,
223,
7,
17501,
476,
3835,
6,
3,
9,
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5,
37,
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19,
92,
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8,
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6,
3,
9,
276,
4547,
8484,
6,
6878,
45,
368,
19586,
5,
432,
368,
1060,
896,
1506,
11,
2100,
372,
6991,
6878,
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368,
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535,
6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
5954,
9983,
35,
19,
8,
14859,
13,
8,
3,
834,
834
] |
Given the following passage
"New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Andrew Julien is the publisher of the __ | [
26069,
13579,
288,
1
] |
Hartford Courant
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
1186,
2464,
6,
8,
907,
1323,
8531,
2243,
4686,
12,
1616,
3,
9,
3237,
147,
7211,
9192,
257,
1940,
57,
507,
872,
29764,
581,
8,
690,
5,
37,
3237,
1381,
8,
3888,
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794,
21,
8,
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3655,
1775,
5,
621,
8,
3830,
130,
5799,
6,
150,
1001,
29764,
5799,
306,
631,
12,
9448,
21,
4587,
21,
5546,
6,
78,
8,
690,
2162,
24,
150,
80,
133,
36,
14742,
5,
86,
8,
8697,
2403,
9920,
3,
208,
5,
374,
134,
24018,
32,
1357,
8,
1614,
435,
305,
4278,
24,
368,
19586,
31,
7,
1357,
12,
9751,
8,
794,
772,
15108,
26,
11029,
27071,
13,
8,
7707,
10226,
1983,
13,
18969,
5,
282,
3,
9,
741,
6,
3,
9,
3939,
1614,
3,
14064,
5563,
8,
690,
12,
2519,
968,
13,
8,
872,
29764,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
3,
834,
834,
65,
3,
9,
3724,
12484,
478,
5
] |
Given the following passage
"In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 18 white firefighters against the city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no black firefighters scored high enough to qualify for consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one would be promoted. In the subsequent Ricci v. DeStefano decision the court found 5-4 that New Haven's decision to ignore the test results violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a result, a district court subsequently ordered the city to promote 14 of the white firefighters.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: __ has a bikeshare program. | [
368,
19586,
1
] |
New Haven
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
1186,
2464,
6,
8,
907,
1323,
8531,
2243,
4686,
12,
1616,
3,
9,
3237,
147,
7211,
9192,
257,
1940,
57,
507,
872,
29764,
581,
8,
690,
5,
37,
3237,
1381,
8,
3888,
5546,
794,
21,
8,
368,
19586,
3655,
1775,
5,
621,
8,
3830,
130,
5799,
6,
150,
1001,
29764,
5799,
306,
631,
12,
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21,
4587,
21,
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6,
78,
8,
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24,
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80,
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36,
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5,
86,
8,
8697,
2403,
9920,
3,
208,
5,
374,
134,
24018,
32,
1357,
8,
1614,
435,
305,
4278,
24,
368,
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31,
7,
1357,
12,
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8,
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772,
15108,
26,
11029,
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13,
8,
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10226,
1983,
13,
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5,
282,
3,
9,
741,
6,
3,
9,
3939,
1614,
3,
14064,
5563,
8,
690,
12,
2519,
968,
13,
8,
872,
29764,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2963,
9,
11712,
23418,
47,
3,
25403,
16,
3,
834,
834
] |
Given the following passage
"In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 18 white firefighters against the city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no black firefighters scored high enough to qualify for consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one would be promoted. In the subsequent Ricci v. DeStefano decision the court found 5-4 that New Haven's decision to ignore the test results violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a result, a district court subsequently ordered the city to promote 14 of the white firefighters.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Mona Lisa Smile was filmed in __ | [
368,
19586,
1
] |
New Haven
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
1186,
2464,
6,
8,
907,
1323,
8531,
2243,
4686,
12,
1616,
3,
9,
3237,
147,
7211,
9192,
257,
1940,
57,
507,
872,
29764,
581,
8,
690,
5,
37,
3237,
1381,
8,
3888,
5546,
794,
21,
8,
368,
19586,
3655,
1775,
5,
621,
8,
3830,
130,
5799,
6,
150,
1001,
29764,
5799,
306,
631,
12,
9448,
21,
4587,
21,
5546,
6,
78,
8,
690,
2162,
24,
150,
80,
133,
36,
14742,
5,
86,
8,
8697,
2403,
9920,
3,
208,
5,
374,
134,
24018,
32,
1357,
8,
1614,
435,
305,
4278,
24,
368,
19586,
31,
7,
1357,
12,
9751,
8,
794,
772,
15108,
26,
11029,
27071,
13,
8,
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10226,
1983,
13,
18969,
5,
282,
3,
9,
741,
6,
3,
9,
3939,
1614,
3,
14064,
5563,
8,
690,
12,
2519,
968,
13,
8,
872,
29764,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
3,
834,
834,
19,
4806,
3119,
28,
71,
208,
13815,
6,
1410,
5
] |
Given the following passage
"In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 18 white firefighters against the city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no black firefighters scored high enough to qualify for consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one would be promoted. In the subsequent Ricci v. DeStefano decision the court found 5-4 that New Haven's decision to ignore the test results violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a result, a district court subsequently ordered the city to promote 14 of the white firefighters.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: __ is sister cities with Avignon, France. | [
368,
19586,
1
] |
New Haven
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
77,
565,
3241,
2766,
6,
186,
1467,
13,
7092,
368,
19586,
43,
118,
26367,
15,
26,
6,
28,
126,
3661,
6,
706,
4597,
6,
11,
422,
3549,
3253,
5,
86,
1090,
6,
8,
616,
3825,
8,
368,
19586,
1862,
65,
1906,
46,
3,
30906,
13,
10424,
11,
28354,
7,
5,
86,
1100,
203,
6,
7092,
3549,
931,
43,
1936,
28,
8,
2101,
13,
126,
3253,
224,
38,
10127,
10709,
5616,
4849,
6,
446,
16233,
6,
19477,
7,
6,
797,
2276,
355,
40,
6,
350,
288,
29743,
6,
11,
46,
2184,
4493,
6,
6109,
2749,
3253,
224,
38,
24793,
3,
184,
24708,
6,
6868,
1171,
7,
11547,
6,
11,
22939,
122,
7,
29743,
5,
86,
811,
6,
7092,
31,
7,
1710,
4326,
2074,
56,
36,
2098,
57,
192,
126,
14427,
7,
6,
3,
9,
9078,
3,
184,
3687,
131,
1067,
7092,
11,
1289,
51,
896,
3611,
1069,
80,
2463,
45,
8,
1862,
5,
37,
1100,
26547,
13,
7092,
368,
19586,
65,
1204,
1465,
2785,
45,
796,
16855,
5405,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
616,
13,
368,
19586,
65,
118,
256,
3007,
15,
26,
28,
126,
280,
11,
3362,
485,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What area of New Haven has been imbued with new life and vitality? | [
7092,
1
] |
downtown
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
77,
565,
3241,
2766,
6,
186,
1467,
13,
7092,
368,
19586,
43,
118,
26367,
15,
26,
6,
28,
126,
3661,
6,
706,
4597,
6,
11,
422,
3549,
3253,
5,
86,
1090,
6,
8,
616,
3825,
8,
368,
19586,
1862,
65,
1906,
46,
3,
30906,
13,
10424,
11,
28354,
7,
5,
86,
1100,
203,
6,
7092,
3549,
931,
43,
1936,
28,
8,
2101,
13,
126,
3253,
224,
38,
10127,
10709,
5616,
4849,
6,
446,
16233,
6,
19477,
7,
6,
797,
2276,
355,
40,
6,
350,
288,
29743,
6,
11,
46,
2184,
4493,
6,
6109,
2749,
3253,
224,
38,
24793,
3,
184,
24708,
6,
6868,
1171,
7,
11547,
6,
11,
22939,
122,
7,
29743,
5,
86,
811,
6,
7092,
31,
7,
1710,
4326,
2074,
56,
36,
2098,
57,
192,
126,
14427,
7,
6,
3,
9,
9078,
3,
184,
3687,
131,
1067,
7092,
11,
1289,
51,
896,
3611,
1069,
80,
2463,
45,
8,
1862,
5,
37,
1100,
26547,
13,
7092,
368,
19586,
65,
1204,
1465,
2785,
45,
796,
16855,
5405,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2840,
65,
368,
19586,
118,
1545,
18294,
81,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Where has New Haven been written positively about? | [
796,
16855,
5405,
1
] |
various periodicals
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
77,
565,
3241,
2766,
6,
186,
1467,
13,
7092,
368,
19586,
43,
118,
26367,
15,
26,
6,
28,
126,
3661,
6,
706,
4597,
6,
11,
422,
3549,
3253,
5,
86,
1090,
6,
8,
616,
3825,
8,
368,
19586,
1862,
65,
1906,
46,
3,
30906,
13,
10424,
11,
28354,
7,
5,
86,
1100,
203,
6,
7092,
3549,
931,
43,
1936,
28,
8,
2101,
13,
126,
3253,
224,
38,
10127,
10709,
5616,
4849,
6,
446,
16233,
6,
19477,
7,
6,
797,
2276,
355,
40,
6,
350,
288,
29743,
6,
11,
46,
2184,
4493,
6,
6109,
2749,
3253,
224,
38,
24793,
3,
184,
24708,
6,
6868,
1171,
7,
11547,
6,
11,
22939,
122,
7,
29743,
5,
86,
811,
6,
7092,
31,
7,
1710,
4326,
2074,
56,
36,
2098,
57,
192,
126,
14427,
7,
6,
3,
9,
9078,
3,
184,
3687,
131,
1067,
7092,
11,
1289,
51,
896,
3611,
1069,
80,
2463,
45,
8,
1862,
5,
37,
1100,
26547,
13,
7092,
368,
19586,
65,
1204,
1465,
2785,
45,
796,
16855,
5405,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
571,
307,
977,
43,
126,
3549,
3253,
2946,
16,
7092,
368,
19586,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How long ago have new retail stores opened in downtown New Haven? | [
86,
1100,
203,
1
] |
In recent years
|
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What clothing store was originally located before the revitalization in downtown New Haven? | [
22939,
122,
7,
1
] |
Raggs
|
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582,
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3732,
2717,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What establishment of Eli Whitney helped Connecticut become a manufacturing economy? | [
4740,
18,
348,
76,
8717,
7920,
6291,
1
] |
gun-manufacturing factory
|
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47,
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7495,
29993,
3312,
1192,
21,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who was the Eli Whitney Museum built for? | [
502,
1
] |
children
|
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10,
2840,
47,
8,
4740,
18,
348,
76,
8717,
7920,
6291,
1069,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Where was the gun-manufacturing factory located? | [
29993,
1420,
1
] |
Whitneyville
|
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
47,
15505,
2581,
21,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was Connecticut famous for? | [
6702,
18,
5239,
11,
12724,
4214,
1
] |
clock-making and brass hardware
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
690,
10056,
13462,
16,
8,
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507,
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28,
8,
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7,
11,
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538,
1632,
801,
38,
96,
634,
22358,
13,
1371,
1280,
94,
47,
16,
29993,
31,
7,
4740,
18,
348,
76,
8717,
7920,
1475,
24,
15718,
3043,
17,
20897,
8,
6569,
23231,
52,
16,
507,
3420,
5,
37,
4990,
6029,
18565,
6,
990,
16,
8,
778,
957,
189,
2646,
6,
47,
3,
9,
710,
18,
7591,
26,
1855,
49,
13,
4968,
139,
8,
2422,
6266,
13,
15505,
11,
9777,
6,
11,
4037,
45,
368,
19586,
12,
1117,
265,
11632,
6,
9777,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
242,
149,
307,
410,
8,
4990,
6029,
18565,
199,
1855,
53,
4968,
12,
9777,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: For how long did the Farmington Canal help transporting goods to Massachusetts? | [
710,
18,
7591,
26,
1
] |
short-lived
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
6861,
19586,
17590,
19,
234,
12,
8,
3625,
13,
368,
19586,
6,
3,
9,
1659,
18,
3552,
2805,
1493,
28,
386,
3,
1152,
189,
7,
3919,
13,
4434,
12979,
11,
1207,
2897,
38,
168,
38,
8,
2465,
831,
12,
2174,
1733,
7942,
15470,
5,
37,
2147,
65,
8,
2614,
12,
4002,
2382,
11370,
3,
9,
239,
45,
8,
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42,
1009,
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5,
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592,
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9,
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1948,
21,
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9780,
11,
1045,
23678,
21,
12115,
11,
73,
7134,
53,
5,
3,
24597,
3,
31471,
2812,
1922,
41,
20431,
3,
51,
7318,
13,
1096,
1606,
11,
943,
9704,
41,
22779,
3,
51,
7318,
13,
1067,
1606,
33,
347,
44,
8,
353,
5,
9528,
10433,
25126,
7,
28,
3,
9,
5986,
18,
17,
106,
2614,
11,
2208,
21,
157,
9253,
7,
6,
284,
28,
3,
9,
2208,
18,
17,
106,
2614,
6,
33,
92,
347,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
571,
231,
1293,
54,
36,
1213,
441,
80,
10433,
25126,
2238,
13,
3625,
1129,
368,
19586,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available, with a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for loading and unloading. Approximately 400,000 square feet (40,000 m2) of inside storage and 50 acres (200,000 m2) of outside storage are available at the site. Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How much weight can be held within one shore crane alone of Port Of New Haven? | [
2208,
18,
17,
106,
1
] |
26-ton
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
6861,
19586,
17590,
19,
234,
12,
8,
3625,
13,
368,
19586,
6,
3,
9,
1659,
18,
3552,
2805,
1493,
28,
386,
3,
1152,
189,
7,
3919,
13,
4434,
12979,
11,
1207,
2897,
38,
168,
38,
8,
2465,
831,
12,
2174,
1733,
7942,
15470,
5,
37,
2147,
65,
8,
2614,
12,
4002,
2382,
11370,
3,
9,
239,
45,
8,
1591,
42,
1009,
12115,
12908,
7,
5,
17169,
5127,
592,
19,
347,
6,
28,
3,
9,
1045,
3615,
1948,
21,
6178,
9780,
11,
1045,
23678,
21,
12115,
11,
73,
7134,
53,
5,
3,
24597,
3,
31471,
2812,
1922,
41,
20431,
3,
51,
7318,
13,
1096,
1606,
11,
943,
9704,
41,
22779,
3,
51,
7318,
13,
1067,
1606,
33,
347,
44,
8,
353,
5,
9528,
10433,
25126,
7,
28,
3,
9,
5986,
18,
17,
106,
2614,
11,
2208,
21,
157,
9253,
7,
6,
284,
28,
3,
9,
2208,
18,
17,
106,
2614,
6,
33,
92,
347,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
571,
231,
1322,
19,
3,
12519,
57,
8,
3625,
13,
368,
19586,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available, with a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for loading and unloading. Approximately 400,000 square feet (40,000 m2) of inside storage and 50 acres (200,000 m2) of outside storage are available at the site. Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How much land is occupied by the Port of New Haven? | [
943,
9704,
1
] |
50 acres
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
6861,
19586,
17590,
19,
234,
12,
8,
3625,
13,
368,
19586,
6,
3,
9,
1659,
18,
3552,
2805,
1493,
28,
386,
3,
1152,
189,
7,
3919,
13,
4434,
12979,
11,
1207,
2897,
38,
168,
38,
8,
2465,
831,
12,
2174,
1733,
7942,
15470,
5,
37,
2147,
65,
8,
2614,
12,
4002,
2382,
11370,
3,
9,
239,
45,
8,
1591,
42,
1009,
12115,
12908,
7,
5,
17169,
5127,
592,
19,
347,
6,
28,
3,
9,
1045,
3615,
1948,
21,
6178,
9780,
11,
1045,
23678,
21,
12115,
11,
73,
7134,
53,
5,
3,
24597,
3,
31471,
2812,
1922,
41,
20431,
3,
51,
7318,
13,
1096,
1606,
11,
943,
9704,
41,
22779,
3,
51,
7318,
13,
1067,
1606,
33,
347,
44,
8,
353,
5,
9528,
10433,
25126,
7,
28,
3,
9,
5986,
18,
17,
106,
2614,
11,
2208,
21,
157,
9253,
7,
6,
284,
28,
3,
9,
2208,
18,
17,
106,
2614,
6,
33,
92,
347,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
8381,
8,
11814,
13,
8,
6579,
5127,
6,
8,
3615,
1948,
261,
19,
19852,
4157,
5,
363,
19,
34,
261,
21,
44,
8,
3625,
13,
368,
19586,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available, with a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for loading and unloading. Approximately 400,000 square feet (40,000 m2) of inside storage and 50 acres (200,000 m2) of outside storage are available at the site. Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Within the boundaries of the rail transportation, the switch engine used is privately owned. What is it used for at the Port of New Haven? | [
6178,
9780,
1
] |
yard movements
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
3809,
147,
3,
9,
2646,
6,
368,
19586,
5169,
141,
3,
13973,
16,
8,
6718,
23,
138,
31428,
5815,
1646,
2390,
3859,
6,
38,
16,
8,
2379,
11,
2557,
1602,
5,
282,
8,
797,
12197,
15319,
6,
2146,
1955,
3488,
32,
1370,
11,
119,
16569,
2797,
3,
20964,
24,
8,
4129,
28,
8,
789,
16,
7190,
228,
36,
13803,
710,
13,
31430,
5,
461,
1902,
1186,
1003,
3072,
6,
84,
19,
341,
9443,
16,
368,
19586,
38,
21957,
1384,
1430,
6,
8,
5212,
1958,
6,
10510,
31,
7,
15213,
12899,
6,
13,
368,
19586,
5136,
8,
4393,
581,
8,
3,
19585,
2390,
20417,
5,
3526,
12202,
28808,
21958,
6,
79,
8238,
139,
8,
4926,
629,
12,
2939,
1452,
11,
1553,
3,
9,
386,
18,
1135,
10556,
12,
10096,
6,
9777,
5,
2502,
368,
19586,
31428,
724,
130,
30,
609,
12,
3,
1579,
127,
17,
3080,
2386,
45,
112,
8521,
1049,
16,
368,
19586,
30,
112,
194,
12,
10096,
5,
16590,
2279,
6,
45,
321,
4458,
6,
3,
60,
3920,
30,
8,
368,
19586,
6496,
31,
771,
2716,
7694,
6,
379,
7117,
7,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
8,
336,
589,
12,
2652,
34,
341,
271,
3,
9,
286,
13,
5216,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the last thing to mention it still being a place of celebration? | [
10510,
31,
7,
15213,
12899,
6,
13,
368,
19586,
1
] |
Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
3809,
147,
3,
9,
2646,
6,
368,
19586,
5169,
141,
3,
13973,
16,
8,
6718,
23,
138,
31428,
5815,
1646,
2390,
3859,
6,
38,
16,
8,
2379,
11,
2557,
1602,
5,
282,
8,
797,
12197,
15319,
6,
2146,
1955,
3488,
32,
1370,
11,
119,
16569,
2797,
3,
20964,
24,
8,
4129,
28,
8,
789,
16,
7190,
228,
36,
13803,
710,
13,
31430,
5,
461,
1902,
1186,
1003,
3072,
6,
84,
19,
341,
9443,
16,
368,
19586,
38,
21957,
1384,
1430,
6,
8,
5212,
1958,
6,
10510,
31,
7,
15213,
12899,
6,
13,
368,
19586,
5136,
8,
4393,
581,
8,
3,
19585,
2390,
20417,
5,
3526,
12202,
28808,
21958,
6,
79,
8238,
139,
8,
4926,
629,
12,
2939,
1452,
11,
1553,
3,
9,
386,
18,
1135,
10556,
12,
10096,
6,
9777,
5,
2502,
368,
19586,
31428,
724,
130,
30,
609,
12,
3,
1579,
127,
17,
3080,
2386,
45,
112,
8521,
1049,
16,
368,
19586,
30,
112,
194,
12,
10096,
5,
16590,
2279,
6,
45,
321,
4458,
6,
3,
60,
3920,
30,
8,
368,
19586,
6496,
31,
771,
2716,
7694,
6,
379,
7117,
7,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
47,
3080,
2386,
31,
7,
1049,
16,
368,
19586,
30,
112,
194,
12,
10096,
1702,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was George Washington's stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge considered? | [
8521,
1
] |
overnight
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
3809,
147,
3,
9,
2646,
6,
368,
19586,
5169,
141,
3,
13973,
16,
8,
6718,
23,
138,
31428,
5815,
1646,
2390,
3859,
6,
38,
16,
8,
2379,
11,
2557,
1602,
5,
282,
8,
797,
12197,
15319,
6,
2146,
1955,
3488,
32,
1370,
11,
119,
16569,
2797,
3,
20964,
24,
8,
4129,
28,
8,
789,
16,
7190,
228,
36,
13803,
710,
13,
31430,
5,
461,
1902,
1186,
1003,
3072,
6,
84,
19,
341,
9443,
16,
368,
19586,
38,
21957,
1384,
1430,
6,
8,
5212,
1958,
6,
10510,
31,
7,
15213,
12899,
6,
13,
368,
19586,
5136,
8,
4393,
581,
8,
3,
19585,
2390,
20417,
5,
3526,
12202,
28808,
21958,
6,
79,
8238,
139,
8,
4926,
629,
12,
2939,
1452,
11,
1553,
3,
9,
386,
18,
1135,
10556,
12,
10096,
6,
9777,
5,
2502,
368,
19586,
31428,
724,
130,
30,
609,
12,
3,
1579,
127,
17,
3080,
2386,
45,
112,
8521,
1049,
16,
368,
19586,
30,
112,
194,
12,
10096,
5,
16590,
2279,
6,
45,
321,
4458,
6,
3,
60,
3920,
30,
8,
368,
19586,
6496,
31,
771,
2716,
7694,
6,
379,
7117,
7,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2840,
130,
1747,
13,
5216,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Where were places of celebration? | [
368,
19586,
38,
21957,
1384,
1430,
6,
8,
5212,
1958,
6,
10510,
31,
7,
15213,
12899,
6,
13,
368,
19586,
1
] |
New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
690,
65,
186,
6746,
17383,
5,
86,
811,
12,
19434,
6,
3,
12809,
30,
8,
2069,
268,
3939,
11,
8,
1862,
6,
33,
8,
826,
17383,
10,
8,
4653,
2069,
17383,
13,
2043,
226,
2091,
11,
309,
210,
2632,
117,
8,
7518,
17383,
13,
37,
3588,
6,
5441,
387,
18,
6849,
896,
4564,
41,
127,
411,
63,
1370,
4564,
201,
11,
8,
22006,
1583,
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10,
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166,
2799,
5353,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock-Westhills; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the first mentioned neighborhood? | [
19434,
1
] |
Downtown
|
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10,
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19,
8,
511,
2799,
5353,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock-Westhills; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the second mentioned neighborhood? | [
2043,
226,
2091,
1
] |
Dixwell
|
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5,
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10,
363,
19,
8,
1025,
2799,
5353,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock-Westhills; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the third mentioned neighborhood? | [
309,
210,
2632,
1
] |
Dwight
|
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8,
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96,
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6,
3,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
8,
4509,
2799,
5353,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock-Westhills; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the fourth mentioned neighborhood? | [
37,
3588,
1
] |
The Hill
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
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6029,
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3,
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24,
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47,
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8,
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30,
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10725,
507,
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What state listed in the text was admitted to the union on March 15, 1820? | [
13905,
1
] |
Maine
|
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6,
2357,
15458,
57,
443,
19,
4381,
338,
125,
1745,
13,
9753,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: In the USA, distance traveled by car is recorded using what unit of measurement? | [
7728,
1
] |
mile
|
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8,
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30,
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8277,
11,
19,
10028,
57,
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7,
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: A shortened term for a personal vehicle that operates on two wheels and is powered by pedals is? | [
3724,
1
] |
bike
|
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6,
3,
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2083,
8580,
1003,
4060,
47,
116,
125,
538,
47,
10246,
12,
8,
3545,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: The date February 6, 1788 was when what state was admitted to the Union? | [
9777,
1
] |
Massachusetts
|
[
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8,
826,
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24,
56,
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19,
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441,
8,
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5,
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10,
15059,
7,
4368,
30,
125,
1069,
30,
6542,
1192,
30,
8,
1591,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Trains operate on what located on tracks built on the ground? | [
6579,
1
] |
rail
|
[
9246,
8,
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30,
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21,
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19,
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
47,
5330,
5741,
12,
36,
30,
8,
15572,
7706,
30,
7383,
545,
2409,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space, have been constructed on this corridor. A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was originally supposed to be on the median strip on Frontage Road? | [
11198,
6154,
4924,
1
] |
Route 34 extension
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
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96,
188,
511,
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18485,
3939,
19,
271,
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21,
8,
15572,
7706,
30,
7383,
545,
2409,
6,
30,
1322,
13139,
21,
8,
470,
18,
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4924,
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282,
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2464,
6,
3,
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6,
11,
65,
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16,
3,
21600,
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5,
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24,
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19,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
1129,
7690,
628,
11,
3499,
6,
84,
19,
294,
13,
8,
4838,
169,
1809,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space, have been constructed on this corridor. A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Of lab space and housing, which is part of the mixed use structure? | [
3499,
1
] |
housing
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
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271,
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8,
15572,
7706,
30,
7383,
545,
2409,
6,
30,
1322,
13139,
21,
8,
470,
18,
16152,
11198,
6154,
4924,
5,
282,
13,
1480,
2464,
6,
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276,
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3,
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740,
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11,
3,
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48,
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71,
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3080,
1887,
19,
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12069,
139,
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628,
6,
11,
65,
118,
78,
623,
882,
1574,
16,
3,
21600,
2392,
18485,
11,
1035,
5654,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
1129,
7690,
628,
11,
828,
628,
6,
84,
19,
352,
12,
36,
30,
3080,
1887,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space, have been constructed on this corridor. A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Of lab space and office space, which is going to be on George Street? | [
7690,
628,
1
] |
lab space
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
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8,
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30,
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21,
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470,
18,
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43,
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44,
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7690,
628,
6,
11,
65,
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78,
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16,
3,
21600,
2392,
18485,
11,
1035,
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535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
34,
718,
24,
8,
6596,
740,
19,
230,
352,
12,
36,
7690,
628,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space, have been constructed on this corridor. A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is it called that the telephone building is now going to be lab space? | [
12069,
1
] |
converted
|
[
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8,
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5454,
96,
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8,
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7706,
30,
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2409,
6,
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21,
8,
470,
18,
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43,
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30,
48,
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5,
71,
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180,
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44,
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3080,
1887,
19,
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12069,
139,
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6,
11,
65,
118,
78,
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882,
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16,
3,
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6,
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826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
8,
741,
13,
8,
126,
7690,
628,
652,
16801,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space, have been constructed on this corridor. A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the result of the new lab space getting tenants? | [
1574,
1
] |
successful
|
[
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8,
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226,
1306,
141,
8053,
15,
26,
46,
20844,
138,
25758,
344,
3,
9,
855,
7,
11,
6917,
6,
4233,
53,
20412,
31,
7,
903,
24,
6917,
130,
3,
9,
2450,
769,
18,
4057,
5,
2940,
28155,
147,
936,
5233,
7,
764,
12,
8,
21,
15,
44,
8,
2390,
2125,
21,
8,
18377,
297,
13,
2854,
1338,
4767,
8,
13660,
3,
24700,
10274,
9009,
5054,
5,
86,
192,
203,
13,
3,
9,
2685,
2157,
2936,
452,
11044,
24,
5417,
13913,
1306,
3,
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52,
3375,
38,
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96,
24189,
454,
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121,
11,
260,
32,
2498,
26,
16,
37,
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18,
279,
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7,
38,
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107,
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9,
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226,
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24,
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3,
40,
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68,
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228,
59,
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190,
3,
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3,
18760,
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433,
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1790,
112,
293,
7295,
16,
8,
309,
11719,
13,
1140,
9323,
4450,
137,
1686,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
410,
4117,
20412,
103,
21,
3,
9,
840,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The leading naturalist in Britain was the anatomist Richard Owen, an idealist who had shifted to the view in the 1850s that the history of life was the gradual unfolding of a divine plan. Owen's review of the Origin in the April 1860 Edinburgh Review bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous "ordained becoming", with new species appearing by natural birth. Others that rejected natural selection, but supported "creation by birth", included the Duke of Argyll who explained beauty in plumage by design. Since 1858, Huxley had emphasised anatomical similarities between apes and humans, contesting Owen's view that humans were a separate sub-class. Their disagreement over human origins came to the fore at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting featuring the legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate. In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the "Great Hippocampus Question" and parodied in The Water-Babies as the "great hippopotamus test", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains. Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process. Darwin published his own explanation in the Descent of Man (1871).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What did Richard Owen do for a living? | [
46,
10432,
343,
1
] |
anatomist
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
1374,
793,
343,
16,
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47,
8,
46,
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343,
4117,
20412,
6,
46,
1523,
343,
113,
141,
3,
21082,
12,
8,
903,
16,
8,
507,
1752,
7,
24,
8,
892,
13,
280,
47,
8,
26079,
19152,
53,
13,
3,
9,
13429,
515,
5,
20412,
31,
7,
1132,
13,
8,
19477,
16,
8,
1186,
3,
24700,
16504,
4543,
11709,
120,
17263,
3455,
226,
1306,
6,
21896,
49,
11,
26894,
6,
68,
92,
3240,
1361,
11122,
13,
3,
9,
773,
13,
9009,
38,
3,
9,
3,
1931,
4478,
515,
16,
3,
9,
7558,
96,
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88,
410,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The leading naturalist in Britain was the anatomist Richard Owen, an idealist who had shifted to the view in the 1850s that the history of life was the gradual unfolding of a divine plan. Owen's review of the Origin in the April 1860 Edinburgh Review bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous "ordained becoming", with new species appearing by natural birth. Others that rejected natural selection, but supported "creation by birth", included the Duke of Argyll who explained beauty in plumage by design. Since 1858, Huxley had emphasised anatomical similarities between apes and humans, contesting Owen's view that humans were a separate sub-class. Their disagreement over human origins came to the fore at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting featuring the legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate. In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the "Great Hippocampus Question" and parodied in The Water-Babies as the "great hippopotamus test", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains. Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process. Darwin published his own explanation in the Descent of Man (1871).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What rank was Owen at what he did? | [
1374,
1
] |
leading
|
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936,
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11044,
79,
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"The leading naturalist in Britain was the anatomist Richard Owen, an idealist who had shifted to the view in the 1850s that the history of life was the gradual unfolding of a divine plan. Owen's review of the Origin in the April 1860 Edinburgh Review bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous "ordained becoming", with new species appearing by natural birth. Others that rejected natural selection, but supported "creation by birth", included the Duke of Argyll who explained beauty in plumage by design. Since 1858, Huxley had emphasised anatomical similarities between apes and humans, contesting Owen's view that humans were a separate sub-class. Their disagreement over human origins came to the fore at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting featuring the legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate. In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the "Great Hippocampus Question" and parodied in The Water-Babies as the "great hippopotamus test", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains. Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process. Darwin published his own explanation in the Descent of Man (1871).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When was the light shown on the human origin dispute they had been having? | [
2390,
2125,
21,
8,
18377,
297,
13,
2854,
1338,
1
] |
British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting
|
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"The leading naturalist in Britain was the anatomist Richard Owen, an idealist who had shifted to the view in the 1850s that the history of life was the gradual unfolding of a divine plan. Owen's review of the Origin in the April 1860 Edinburgh Review bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous "ordained becoming", with new species appearing by natural birth. Others that rejected natural selection, but supported "creation by birth", included the Duke of Argyll who explained beauty in plumage by design. Since 1858, Huxley had emphasised anatomical similarities between apes and humans, contesting Owen's view that humans were a separate sub-class. Their disagreement over human origins came to the fore at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting featuring the legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate. In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the "Great Hippocampus Question" and parodied in The Water-Babies as the "great hippopotamus test", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains. Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process. Darwin published his own explanation in the Descent of Man (1871).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who said apes don't have structure in their heads that human men would? | [
20412,
1
] |
Owen
|
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
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10,
125,
47,
8,
8156,
13,
8,
717,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The leading naturalist in Britain was the anatomist Richard Owen, an idealist who had shifted to the view in the 1850s that the history of life was the gradual unfolding of a divine plan. Owen's review of the Origin in the April 1860 Edinburgh Review bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous "ordained becoming", with new species appearing by natural birth. Others that rejected natural selection, but supported "creation by birth", included the Duke of Argyll who explained beauty in plumage by design. Since 1858, Huxley had emphasised anatomical similarities between apes and humans, contesting Owen's view that humans were a separate sub-class. Their disagreement over human origins came to the fore at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting featuring the legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate. In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the "Great Hippocampus Question" and parodied in The Water-Babies as the "great hippopotamus test", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains. Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process. Darwin published his own explanation in the Descent of Man (1871).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what was the philosophy of the others? | [
6917,
2471,
3,
9,
1017,
3,
663,
7279,
28,
3,
9,
855,
7,
1
] |
humans shared a common ancestor with apes
|
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826,
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96,
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49,
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5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
3,
9,
2690,
2535,
13,
9009,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Chapter I covers animal husbandry and plant breeding, going back to ancient Egypt. Darwin discusses contemporary opinions on the origins of different breeds under cultivation to argue that many have been produced from common ancestors by selective breeding. As an illustration of artificial selection, he describes fancy pigeon breeding, noting that "[t]he diversity of the breeds is something astonishing", yet all were descended from one species of rock pigeon. Darwin saw two distinct kinds of variation: (1) rare abrupt changes he called "sports" or "monstrosities" (example: ancon sheep with short legs), and (2) ubiquitous small differences (example: slightly shorter or longer bill of pigeons). Both types of hereditary changes can be used by breeders. However, for Darwin the small changes were most important in evolution.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is a helpful driver of evolution? | [
29840,
422,
5859,
1
] |
ubiquitous small differences
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
3541,
6789,
49,
27,
3792,
2586,
2553,
651,
11,
1475,
18995,
6,
352,
223,
12,
4913,
10438,
5,
26894,
17212,
7,
4092,
8479,
30,
8,
5233,
7,
13,
315,
8885,
7,
365,
26188,
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3,
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5,
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6,
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66,
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80,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
3,
9,
843,
2535,
13,
9009,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Chapter I covers animal husbandry and plant breeding, going back to ancient Egypt. Darwin discusses contemporary opinions on the origins of different breeds under cultivation to argue that many have been produced from common ancestors by selective breeding. As an illustration of artificial selection, he describes fancy pigeon breeding, noting that "[t]he diversity of the breeds is something astonishing", yet all were descended from one species of rock pigeon. Darwin saw two distinct kinds of variation: (1) rare abrupt changes he called "sports" or "monstrosities" (example: ancon sheep with short legs), and (2) ubiquitous small differences (example: slightly shorter or longer bill of pigeons). Both types of hereditary changes can be used by breeders. However, for Darwin the small changes were most important in evolution.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is a key driver of evolution? | [
29840,
422,
5859,
1
] |
ubiquitous small differences
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
3541,
6789,
49,
27,
3792,
2586,
2553,
651,
11,
1475,
18995,
6,
352,
223,
12,
4913,
10438,
5,
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17212,
7,
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3,
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5,
282,
46,
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13,
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1801,
6,
3,
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3,
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15,
106,
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6,
59,
53,
24,
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17,
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88,
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13,
8,
8885,
7,
19,
424,
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780,
66,
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20,
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45,
80,
3244,
13,
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3,
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13,
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10,
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88,
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6661,
7,
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42,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
3,
9,
843,
2945,
13,
9009,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Chapter I covers animal husbandry and plant breeding, going back to ancient Egypt. Darwin discusses contemporary opinions on the origins of different breeds under cultivation to argue that many have been produced from common ancestors by selective breeding. As an illustration of artificial selection, he describes fancy pigeon breeding, noting that "[t]he diversity of the breeds is something astonishing", yet all were descended from one species of rock pigeon. Darwin saw two distinct kinds of variation: (1) rare abrupt changes he called "sports" or "monstrosities" (example: ancon sheep with short legs), and (2) ubiquitous small differences (example: slightly shorter or longer bill of pigeons). Both types of hereditary changes can be used by breeders. However, for Darwin the small changes were most important in evolution.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is a key factor of evolution? | [
29840,
422,
5859,
1
] |
ubiquitous small differences
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
427,
24817,
141,
705,
4813,
1564,
12,
27782,
11,
3,
8886,
1863,
6,
11,
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36,
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24,
8,
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
26894,
801,
21,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology, and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and questioned if Darwin's gradualism was sufficient without sudden leaps to cause speciation. Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for "extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated" and coining the term "Darwinism" as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science. Huxley gained influence, and initiated the X Club, which used the journal Nature to promote evolution and naturalism, shaping much of late Victorian science. Later, the German morphologist Ernst Haeckel would convince Huxley that comparative anatomy and palaeontology could be used to reconstruct evolutionary genealogies.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is Darwin known for? | [
21625,
1
] |
Evolution
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
427,
24817,
141,
705,
4813,
1564,
12,
27782,
11,
3,
8886,
1863,
6,
11,
44,
166,
141,
385,
1113,
30,
8,
585,
13,
8,
46,
10432,
343,
3576,
7780,
3455,
226,
1306,
5,
3,
4868,
48,
6,
3455,
226,
1306,
7157,
3510,
26894,
30,
9009,
117,
713,
3,
88,
718,
21,
12341,
12,
504,
823,
793,
1801,
228,
607,
126,
3244,
6,
11,
3,
21360,
3,
99,
26894,
31,
7,
26079,
159,
51,
47,
6684,
406,
12914,
14527,
7,
12,
1137,
20040,
257,
5,
3455,
226,
1306,
1114,
2056,
12,
36,
24381,
6,
406,
4761,
20511,
6,
11,
112,
1108,
16,
8,
1186,
3,
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25804,
4543,
14742,
4290,
793,
159,
51,
147,
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8,
1863,
6,
3,
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65,
6,
38,
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6,
3,
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26,
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11,
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53,
8,
1657,
96,
308,
291,
3757,
159,
51,
121,
38,
294,
13,
112,
2231,
12,
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11,
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6,
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5,
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24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
26894,
167,
2581,
21,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology, and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and questioned if Darwin's gradualism was sufficient without sudden leaps to cause speciation. Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for "extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated" and coining the term "Darwinism" as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science. Huxley gained influence, and initiated the X Club, which used the journal Nature to promote evolution and naturalism, shaping much of late Victorian science. Later, the German morphologist Ernst Haeckel would convince Huxley that comparative anatomy and palaeontology could be used to reconstruct evolutionary genealogies.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is Darwin most famous for? | [
21625,
1
] |
Evolution
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
427,
24817,
141,
705,
4813,
1564,
12,
27782,
11,
3,
8886,
1863,
6,
11,
44,
166,
141,
385,
1113,
30,
8,
585,
13,
8,
46,
10432,
343,
3576,
7780,
3455,
226,
1306,
5,
3,
4868,
48,
6,
3455,
226,
1306,
7157,
3510,
26894,
30,
9009,
117,
713,
3,
88,
718,
21,
12341,
12,
504,
823,
793,
1801,
228,
607,
126,
3244,
6,
11,
3,
21360,
3,
99,
26894,
31,
7,
26079,
159,
51,
47,
6684,
406,
12914,
14527,
7,
12,
1137,
20040,
257,
5,
3455,
226,
1306,
1114,
2056,
12,
36,
24381,
6,
406,
4761,
20511,
6,
11,
112,
1108,
16,
8,
1186,
3,
24700,
25804,
4543,
14742,
4290,
793,
159,
51,
147,
793,
8,
1863,
6,
3,
102,
22662,
26894,
21,
96,
16878,
8,
103,
14484,
13,
2854,
147,
6266,
13,
816,
139,
84,
255,
65,
6,
38,
780,
6,
3,
10942,
24974,
26,
121,
11,
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53,
8,
1657,
96,
308,
291,
3757,
159,
51,
121,
38,
294,
13,
112,
2231,
12,
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15,
11,
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15,
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3,
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822,
5,
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24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
410,
26894,
8,
127,
1737,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology, and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and questioned if Darwin's gradualism was sufficient without sudden leaps to cause speciation. Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for "extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated" and coining the term "Darwinism" as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science. Huxley gained influence, and initiated the X Club, which used the journal Nature to promote evolution and naturalism, shaping much of late Victorian science. Later, the German morphologist Ernst Haeckel would convince Huxley that comparative anatomy and palaeontology could be used to reconstruct evolutionary genealogies.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What did Darwin theorize? | [
21625,
1
] |
Evolution
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
1882,
507,
3341,
6,
3,
88,
3311,
8,
493,
9,
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21807,
38,
3,
9,
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32,
6,
435,
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3820,
31,
7,
7117,
155,
6286,
14378,
3,
9,
843,
12,
8,
873,
4478,
892,
13,
3283,
7,
5,
26894,
3883,
15722,
7,
3,
60,
7,
8312,
53,
1450,
3,
12764,
26,
173,
2298,
6,
11,
4466,
8,
20187,
3438,
13,
941,
3244,
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10,
2645,
410,
26894,
217,
38,
3,
7,
9,
11515,
7,
13289,
12,
3127
] |
Given the following passage
"In December 1831, he joined the Beagle expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist. He read Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology and from the first stop ashore, at St. Jago, found Lyell's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes. Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and noted the geographical distribution of modern species in hope of finding their "centre of creation". The three Fuegian missionaries the expedition returned to Tierra del Fuego were friendly and civilised, yet to Darwin their relatives on the island seemed "miserable, degraded savages", and he no longer saw an unbridgeable gap between humans and animals. As the Beagle neared England in 1836, he noted that species might not be fixed.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who did Darwin see as savages comparable to animals | [
37,
386,
6343,
15,
22898,
2253,
5414,
8,
21807,
3666,
12,
6669,
52,
9,
20,
40,
6343,
6066,
130,
2609,
11,
3095,
3375,
6,
780,
12,
26894,
70,
12867,
1
] |
The three Fuegian missionaries the expedition returned to Tierra del Fuego were friendly and civilised, yet to Darwin their relatives
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
1882,
507,
3341,
6,
3,
88,
3311,
8,
493,
9,
3537,
21807,
38,
3,
9,
26266,
793,
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11,
873,
9290,
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216,
608,
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1863,
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17,
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26894,
129,
3,
9,
394,
1705,
13,
8,
3283,
7,
383,
112,
1111,
7,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In December 1831, he joined the Beagle expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist. He read Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology and from the first stop ashore, at St. Jago, found Lyell's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes. Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and noted the geographical distribution of modern species in hope of finding their "centre of creation". The three Fuegian missionaries the expedition returned to Tierra del Fuego were friendly and civilised, yet to Darwin their relatives on the island seemed "miserable, degraded savages", and he no longer saw an unbridgeable gap between humans and animals. As the Beagle neared England in 1836, he noted that species might not be fixed.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Wht helped Darwin get a better understanding of the landscapes during his travels? | [
5225,
3820,
31,
7,
7117,
155,
6286,
14378,
1
] |
Lyell's uniformitarianism
|
[
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11860,
10,
363,
4689,
12,
3127,
47,
26894,
6055,
12,
2928,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In December 1831, he joined the Beagle expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist. He read Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology and from the first stop ashore, at St. Jago, found Lyell's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes. Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and noted the geographical distribution of modern species in hope of finding their "centre of creation". The three Fuegian missionaries the expedition returned to Tierra del Fuego were friendly and civilised, yet to Darwin their relatives on the island seemed "miserable, degraded savages", and he no longer saw an unbridgeable gap between humans and animals. As the Beagle neared England in 1836, he noted that species might not be fixed.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What relation to animals was Darwin hoping to discover? | [
2050,
13,
3409,
1
] |
centre of creation
|
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5,
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363,
410,
705,
151,
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9009,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress. The minority view of August Weismann, that natural selection was the only mechanism, was called neo-Darwinism. It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What did less people believe about evolution? | [
24,
793,
1801,
47,
8,
163,
8557,
1
] |
that natural selection was the only mechanism
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
279,
63,
8,
2076,
6996,
2518,
7,
6,
167,
7004,
4307,
9009,
6,
68,
3,
60,
8791,
26,
793,
1801,
12,
3,
9,
4012,
1075,
38,
79,
6141,
9009,
47,
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1329,
11,
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37,
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383,
96,
532,
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121,
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2807,
13,
96,
7,
2920,
144,
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16,
84,
126,
3244,
130,
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190,
96,
354,
22028,
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145,
26079,
14340,
6,
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13,
26429,
21715,
3,
14655,
24,
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46,
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17174,
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483,
16,
3,
9,
1090,
2212,
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2406,
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10,
363,
263,
151,
857,
705,
16,
26894,
3040,
2441,
30,
9009,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress. The minority view of August Weismann, that natural selection was the only mechanism, was called neo-Darwinism. It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What made people believe less in Darwinistic views on evolution? | [
28915,
1
] |
inheritance
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
279,
63,
8,
2076,
6996,
2518,
7,
6,
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4307,
9009,
6,
68,
3,
60,
8791,
26,
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126,
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22028,
121,
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145,
26079,
14340,
6,
2807,
13,
26429,
21715,
3,
14655,
24,
3244,
141,
46,
18340,
17174,
12,
483,
16,
3,
9,
1090,
2212,
6,
11,
2807,
13,
3,
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24,
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988,
13,
27168,
1631,
845,
24,
34,
2906,
406,
352,
5665,
147,
97,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress. The minority view of August Weismann, that natural selection was the only mechanism, was called neo-Darwinism. It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What version of evolutionary thinking says that it happens without going slowly over time? | [
26429,
21715,
1
] |
orthogenesis
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
484,
47,
5456,
15459,
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3,
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3,
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31,
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3,
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5823,
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23,
15,
5,
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5,
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31,
7,
9048,
12,
253,
3,
9,
22770,
16,
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4728,
190,
6,
11,
8,
7314,
57,
4779,
154,
51,
1433,
15875,
49,
1790,
16,
507,
4056,
974,
46,
5302,
3,
102,
22662,
26894,
31,
7,
912,
38,
46,
2433,
12,
4761,
20022,
11,
3,
7312,
912,
27538,
53,
569,
26894,
159,
51,
11,
3,
15,
76,
17890,
7,
6,
38,
168,
38,
2724,
1215,
3767,
6546,
3358,
1517,
160,
293,
4269,
12,
3228,
7,
24,
26894,
7103,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
28,
15875,
49,
81,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
1790,
16,
507,
3539,
11,
3,
9,
1025,
16,
507,
2518,
6,
68,
3,
88,
141,
8565,
652,
160,
12,
2036,
160,
3358,
11,
47,
3169,
26,
57,
175,
4182,
7,
5,
216,
3,
7361,
73,
9275,
7,
8549,
26,
552,
3,
9,
7314,
57,
4857,
6764,
27945,
52,
47,
1790,
16,
507,
3959,
5,
71,
10098,
7314,
57,
2262,
346,
18956,
11673,
15,
40,
159,
4871,
157,
1171,
47,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
5,
938,
507,
4389,
6,
1151,
7314,
7,
141,
4283,
16,
4338,
11,
4263,
5,
86,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
19477,
47,
1790,
16,
16531,
16,
507,
4450,
6,
23124,
16,
507,
5865,
6,
16073,
16,
507,
4552,
6,
454,
425,
6855,
16,
507,
4552,
104,
25828,
8525,
5093,
16,
507,
4013,
11,
22831,
29,
16,
507,
3940,
5,
938,
16433,
6,
34,
141,
4283,
16,
46,
1151,
507,
10011,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2751,
19477,
1790,
865,
16,
16531,
42,
23124,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated "favoured races" as "perfected races", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18...",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Was Origin published later in Swedish or Danish? | [
23124,
1
] |
Danish
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
484,
47,
5456,
15459,
16,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
68,
982,
3,
9,
8115,
28,
31328,
6085,
11,
21253,
7,
6,
11,
128,
7314,
7,
130,
30026,
57,
8,
22770,
31,
7,
293,
8101,
5,
26894,
8308,
3831,
8167,
16,
1410,
11,
3434,
6,
6055,
24,
3255,
12505,
133,
369,
1039,
6,
38,
22770,
7,
130,
1644,
12,
143,
70,
293,
8281,
28,
3,
9,
415,
14859,
5,
216,
13001,
8,
18908,
12766,
793,
343,
11,
873,
9290,
30186,
20916,
4027,
29,
29,
6,
68,
8,
2968,
7314,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
3,
16068,
4027,
29,
29,
31,
7,
293,
912,
6,
2651,
15202,
8334,
24,
26894,
141,
24067,
3,
32,
16030,
5,
4027,
29,
29,
15459,
96,
89,
16195,
15,
26,
10879,
121,
38,
96,
22588,
15,
26,
10879,
1686,
11,
974,
11011,
30,
807,
379,
8,
5233,
13,
280,
6,
38,
168,
38,
3,
9,
804,
5800,
30,
4761,
12418,
16509,
3555,
57,
4027,
29,
29,
31,
7,
3,
28909,
12,
5823,
17704,
23,
15,
5,
86,
507,
4056,
6,
4027,
29,
29,
2546,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
3,
390,
30,
8,
1025,
1566,
4182,
11,
26894,
31,
7,
5259,
811,
7,
6,
68,
258,
3977,
13,
3,
9,
842,
3211,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
4799,
28,
9983,
302,
8884,
1184,
302,
6,
113,
1790,
46,
3798,
7314,
16,
507,
3708,
5,
26894,
31,
7,
9048,
12,
253,
3,
9,
22770,
16,
1410,
4728,
190,
6,
11,
8,
7314,
57,
4779,
154,
51,
1433,
15875,
49,
1790,
16,
507,
4056,
974,
46,
5302,
3,
102,
22662,
26894,
31,
7,
912,
38,
46,
2433,
12,
4761,
20022,
11,
3,
7312,
912,
27538,
53,
569,
26894,
159,
51,
11,
3,
15,
76,
17890,
7,
6,
38,
168,
38,
2724,
1215,
3767,
6546,
3358,
1517,
160,
293,
4269,
12,
3228,
7,
24,
26894,
7103,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
28,
15875,
49,
81,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
1790,
16,
507,
3539,
11,
3,
9,
1025,
16,
507,
2518,
6,
68,
3,
88,
141,
8565,
652,
160,
12,
2036,
160,
3358,
11,
47,
3169,
26,
57,
175,
4182,
7,
5,
216,
3,
7361,
73,
9275,
7,
8549,
26,
552,
3,
9,
7314,
57,
4857,
6764,
27945,
52,
47,
1790,
16,
507,
3959,
5,
71,
10098,
7314,
57,
2262,
346,
18956,
11673,
15,
40,
159,
4871,
157,
1171,
47,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
5,
938,
507,
4389,
6,
1151,
7314,
7,
141,
4283,
16,
4338,
11,
4263,
5,
86,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
19477,
47,
1790,
16,
16531,
16,
507,
4450,
6,
23124,
16,
507,
5865,
6,
16073,
16,
507,
4552,
6,
454,
425,
6855,
16,
507,
4552,
104,
25828,
8525,
5093,
16,
507,
4013,
11,
22831,
29,
16,
507,
3940,
5,
938,
16433,
6,
34,
141,
4283,
16,
46,
1151,
507,
10011,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2751,
19477,
1790,
166,
16,
16073,
42,
23124,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated "favoured races" as "perfected races", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18...",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Was Origin published first in Polish or Danish? | [
23124,
1
] |
Danish
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
484,
47,
5456,
15459,
16,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
68,
982,
3,
9,
8115,
28,
31328,
6085,
11,
21253,
7,
6,
11,
128,
7314,
7,
130,
30026,
57,
8,
22770,
31,
7,
293,
8101,
5,
26894,
8308,
3831,
8167,
16,
1410,
11,
3434,
6,
6055,
24,
3255,
12505,
133,
369,
1039,
6,
38,
22770,
7,
130,
1644,
12,
143,
70,
293,
8281,
28,
3,
9,
415,
14859,
5,
216,
13001,
8,
18908,
12766,
793,
343,
11,
873,
9290,
30186,
20916,
4027,
29,
29,
6,
68,
8,
2968,
7314,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
3,
16068,
4027,
29,
29,
31,
7,
293,
912,
6,
2651,
15202,
8334,
24,
26894,
141,
24067,
3,
32,
16030,
5,
4027,
29,
29,
15459,
96,
89,
16195,
15,
26,
10879,
121,
38,
96,
22588,
15,
26,
10879,
1686,
11,
974,
11011,
30,
807,
379,
8,
5233,
13,
280,
6,
38,
168,
38,
3,
9,
804,
5800,
30,
4761,
12418,
16509,
3555,
57,
4027,
29,
29,
31,
7,
3,
28909,
12,
5823,
17704,
23,
15,
5,
86,
507,
4056,
6,
4027,
29,
29,
2546,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
3,
390,
30,
8,
1025,
1566,
4182,
11,
26894,
31,
7,
5259,
811,
7,
6,
68,
258,
3977,
13,
3,
9,
842,
3211,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
4799,
28,
9983,
302,
8884,
1184,
302,
6,
113,
1790,
46,
3798,
7314,
16,
507,
3708,
5,
26894,
31,
7,
9048,
12,
253,
3,
9,
22770,
16,
1410,
4728,
190,
6,
11,
8,
7314,
57,
4779,
154,
51,
1433,
15875,
49,
1790,
16,
507,
4056,
974,
46,
5302,
3,
102,
22662,
26894,
31,
7,
912,
38,
46,
2433,
12,
4761,
20022,
11,
3,
7312,
912,
27538,
53,
569,
26894,
159,
51,
11,
3,
15,
76,
17890,
7,
6,
38,
168,
38,
2724,
1215,
3767,
6546,
3358,
1517,
160,
293,
4269,
12,
3228,
7,
24,
26894,
7103,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
28,
15875,
49,
81,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
1790,
16,
507,
3539,
11,
3,
9,
1025,
16,
507,
2518,
6,
68,
3,
88,
141,
8565,
652,
160,
12,
2036,
160,
3358,
11,
47,
3169,
26,
57,
175,
4182,
7,
5,
216,
3,
7361,
73,
9275,
7,
8549,
26,
552,
3,
9,
7314,
57,
4857,
6764,
27945,
52,
47,
1790,
16,
507,
3959,
5,
71,
10098,
7314,
57,
2262,
346,
18956,
11673,
15,
40,
159,
4871,
157,
1171,
47,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
5,
938,
507,
4389,
6,
1151,
7314,
7,
141,
4283,
16,
4338,
11,
4263,
5,
86,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
19477,
47,
1790,
16,
16531,
16,
507,
4450,
6,
23124,
16,
507,
5865,
6,
16073,
16,
507,
4552,
6,
454,
425,
6855,
16,
507,
4552,
104,
25828,
8525,
5093,
16,
507,
4013,
11,
22831,
29,
16,
507,
3940,
5,
938,
16433,
6,
34,
141,
4283,
16,
46,
1151,
507,
10011,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2751,
19477,
1790,
16,
5093,
42,
16073,
166,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated "favoured races" as "perfected races", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18...",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Was Origin published in Spanish or Polish first? | [
16073,
1
] |
Polish
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
484,
47,
5456,
15459,
16,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
68,
982,
3,
9,
8115,
28,
31328,
6085,
11,
21253,
7,
6,
11,
128,
7314,
7,
130,
30026,
57,
8,
22770,
31,
7,
293,
8101,
5,
26894,
8308,
3831,
8167,
16,
1410,
11,
3434,
6,
6055,
24,
3255,
12505,
133,
369,
1039,
6,
38,
22770,
7,
130,
1644,
12,
143,
70,
293,
8281,
28,
3,
9,
415,
14859,
5,
216,
13001,
8,
18908,
12766,
793,
343,
11,
873,
9290,
30186,
20916,
4027,
29,
29,
6,
68,
8,
2968,
7314,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
3,
16068,
4027,
29,
29,
31,
7,
293,
912,
6,
2651,
15202,
8334,
24,
26894,
141,
24067,
3,
32,
16030,
5,
4027,
29,
29,
15459,
96,
89,
16195,
15,
26,
10879,
121,
38,
96,
22588,
15,
26,
10879,
1686,
11,
974,
11011,
30,
807,
379,
8,
5233,
13,
280,
6,
38,
168,
38,
3,
9,
804,
5800,
30,
4761,
12418,
16509,
3555,
57,
4027,
29,
29,
31,
7,
3,
28909,
12,
5823,
17704,
23,
15,
5,
86,
507,
4056,
6,
4027,
29,
29,
2546,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
3,
390,
30,
8,
1025,
1566,
4182,
11,
26894,
31,
7,
5259,
811,
7,
6,
68,
258,
3977,
13,
3,
9,
842,
3211,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
4799,
28,
9983,
302,
8884,
1184,
302,
6,
113,
1790,
46,
3798,
7314,
16,
507,
3708,
5,
26894,
31,
7,
9048,
12,
253,
3,
9,
22770,
16,
1410,
4728,
190,
6,
11,
8,
7314,
57,
4779,
154,
51,
1433,
15875,
49,
1790,
16,
507,
4056,
974,
46,
5302,
3,
102,
22662,
26894,
31,
7,
912,
38,
46,
2433,
12,
4761,
20022,
11,
3,
7312,
912,
27538,
53,
569,
26894,
159,
51,
11,
3,
15,
76,
17890,
7,
6,
38,
168,
38,
2724,
1215,
3767,
6546,
3358,
1517,
160,
293,
4269,
12,
3228,
7,
24,
26894,
7103,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
28,
15875,
49,
81,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
1790,
16,
507,
3539,
11,
3,
9,
1025,
16,
507,
2518,
6,
68,
3,
88,
141,
8565,
652,
160,
12,
2036,
160,
3358,
11,
47,
3169,
26,
57,
175,
4182,
7,
5,
216,
3,
7361,
73,
9275,
7,
8549,
26,
552,
3,
9,
7314,
57,
4857,
6764,
27945,
52,
47,
1790,
16,
507,
3959,
5,
71,
10098,
7314,
57,
2262,
346,
18956,
11673,
15,
40,
159,
4871,
157,
1171,
47,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
5,
938,
507,
4389,
6,
1151,
7314,
7,
141,
4283,
16,
4338,
11,
4263,
5,
86,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
19477,
47,
1790,
16,
16531,
16,
507,
4450,
6,
23124,
16,
507,
5865,
6,
16073,
16,
507,
4552,
6,
454,
425,
6855,
16,
507,
4552,
104,
25828,
8525,
5093,
16,
507,
4013,
11,
22831,
29,
16,
507,
3940,
5,
938,
16433,
6,
34,
141,
4283,
16,
46,
1151,
507,
10011,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2751,
19477,
1790,
14159,
16,
5093,
42,
22831,
29,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated "favoured races" as "perfected races", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18...",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Was Origin published sooner in Spanish or Serbian? | [
5093,
1
] |
Spanish
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
484,
47,
5456,
15459,
16,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
68,
982,
3,
9,
8115,
28,
31328,
6085,
11,
21253,
7,
6,
11,
128,
7314,
7,
130,
30026,
57,
8,
22770,
31,
7,
293,
8101,
5,
26894,
8308,
3831,
8167,
16,
1410,
11,
3434,
6,
6055,
24,
3255,
12505,
133,
369,
1039,
6,
38,
22770,
7,
130,
1644,
12,
143,
70,
293,
8281,
28,
3,
9,
415,
14859,
5,
216,
13001,
8,
18908,
12766,
793,
343,
11,
873,
9290,
30186,
20916,
4027,
29,
29,
6,
68,
8,
2968,
7314,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
3,
16068,
4027,
29,
29,
31,
7,
293,
912,
6,
2651,
15202,
8334,
24,
26894,
141,
24067,
3,
32,
16030,
5,
4027,
29,
29,
15459,
96,
89,
16195,
15,
26,
10879,
121,
38,
96,
22588,
15,
26,
10879,
1686,
11,
974,
11011,
30,
807,
379,
8,
5233,
13,
280,
6,
38,
168,
38,
3,
9,
804,
5800,
30,
4761,
12418,
16509,
3555,
57,
4027,
29,
29,
31,
7,
3,
28909,
12,
5823,
17704,
23,
15,
5,
86,
507,
4056,
6,
4027,
29,
29,
2546,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
3,
390,
30,
8,
1025,
1566,
4182,
11,
26894,
31,
7,
5259,
811,
7,
6,
68,
258,
3977,
13,
3,
9,
842,
3211,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
4799,
28,
9983,
302,
8884,
1184,
302,
6,
113,
1790,
46,
3798,
7314,
16,
507,
3708,
5,
26894,
31,
7,
9048,
12,
253,
3,
9,
22770,
16,
1410,
4728,
190,
6,
11,
8,
7314,
57,
4779,
154,
51,
1433,
15875,
49,
1790,
16,
507,
4056,
974,
46,
5302,
3,
102,
22662,
26894,
31,
7,
912,
38,
46,
2433,
12,
4761,
20022,
11,
3,
7312,
912,
27538,
53,
569,
26894,
159,
51,
11,
3,
15,
76,
17890,
7,
6,
38,
168,
38,
2724,
1215,
3767,
6546,
3358,
1517,
160,
293,
4269,
12,
3228,
7,
24,
26894,
7103,
5,
26894,
10423,
15,
26,
28,
15875,
49,
81,
3,
9,
511,
4182,
1790,
16,
507,
3539,
11,
3,
9,
1025,
16,
507,
2518,
6,
68,
3,
88,
141,
8565,
652,
160,
12,
2036,
160,
3358,
11,
47,
3169,
26,
57,
175,
4182,
7,
5,
216,
3,
7361,
73,
9275,
7,
8549,
26,
552,
3,
9,
7314,
57,
4857,
6764,
27945,
52,
47,
1790,
16,
507,
3959,
5,
71,
10098,
7314,
57,
2262,
346,
18956,
11673,
15,
40,
159,
4871,
157,
1171,
47,
1790,
16,
3,
24700,
5,
938,
507,
4389,
6,
1151,
7314,
7,
141,
4283,
16,
4338,
11,
4263,
5,
86,
26894,
31,
7,
6556,
6,
19477,
47,
1790,
16,
16531,
16,
507,
4450,
6,
23124,
16,
507,
5865,
6,
16073,
16,
507,
4552,
6,
454,
425,
6855,
16,
507,
4552,
104,
25828,
8525,
5093,
16,
507,
4013,
11,
22831,
29,
16,
507,
3940,
5,
938,
16433,
6,
34,
141,
4283,
16,
46,
1151,
507,
10011,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2751,
19477,
1790,
14159,
16,
16531,
42,
4338,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated "favoured races" as "perfected races", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18...",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Was Origin published sooner in Swedish or Italian? | [
4338,
1
] |
Italian
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
308,
291,
3757,
47,
614,
44,
161,
30,
112,
96,
12911,
484,
121,
30,
6869,
22246,
6,
116,
30,
507,
1515,
507,
3449,
3,
88,
1204,
3,
9,
15969,
45,
25568,
6,
113,
3,
8070,
30,
8,
2148,
1598,
76,
11654,
41,
382,
49,
29,
342,
11,
12798,
32,
40,
32,
137,
94,
21623,
6786,
1688,
3,
16012,
46,
27168,
8557,
6,
3,
9,
1773,
12,
26894,
31,
7,
1100,
17427,
6,
28,
3,
9,
1690,
12,
1299,
34,
30,
12,
5225,
3820,
3,
99,
26894,
816,
34,
20167,
5,
37,
8557,
47,
1126,
12,
26894,
31,
7,
293,
4516,
5,
26894,
2832,
12,
5225,
3820,
24,
96,
13055,
1234,
43,
369,
1176,
28,
3,
9,
3,
1926,
397,
663,
6,
3,
233,
5827,
138,
1361,
121,
11,
3,
88,
133,
96,
858,
503,
6,
44,
728,
1431,
11,
462,
12,
1299,
784,
155,
908,
12,
136,
6378,
121,
24,
25568,
3260,
6,
2651,
24,
96,
1748,
82,
926,
485,
6,
2891,
34,
164,
866,
12,
6,
56,
36,
3,
7,
23991,
1280,
5225,
3820,
11,
21896,
49,
4686,
24,
3,
9,
4494,
5707,
3,
3131,
544,
25568,
31,
7,
1688,
28,
5819,
7,
45,
26894,
31,
7,
507,
3628,
14628,
11,
112,
507,
3436,
2068,
12,
13375,
225,
36,
2569,
44,
8,
301,
14029,
152,
3467,
6,
11,
30,
209,
1718,
507,
3449,
6,
8,
5778,
7201,
461,
8,
4738,
26,
4392,
13,
3,
7727,
725,
12,
607,
12928,
15,
3010,
117,
11,
30,
8,
1915,
4995,
76,
257,
13,
12928,
15,
3010,
11,
3,
7727,
725,
57,
6869,
23045,
7,
13,
22246,
6,
57,
25568,
11,
26894,
6898,
6,
130,
608,
91,
68,
3,
26,
60,
210,
385,
6363,
5,
818,
26894,
1702,
25568,
31,
7,
800,
12,
36,
12022,
12,
112,
2077,
13,
793,
1801,
6,
18637,
7,
43,
8744,
91,
5859,
5,
26894,
3028,
793,
1801,
38,
271,
10552,
1162,
12,
8,
7353,
1801,
25420,
26,
57,
2586,
8885,
277,
6,
11,
8053,
15,
26,
2259,
344,
1742,
117,
25568,
3,
26,
60,
210,
150,
4993,
12,
20459,
18995,
6,
11,
2937,
30,
19517,
1666,
7,
24,
2697,
315,
12236,
3,
13842,
12,
415,
1124,
5,
886,
18637,
7,
43,
5259,
24,
25568,
47,
700,
12104,
563,
1801,
1066,
145,
1801,
6922,
30,
928,
12338,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
410,
5225,
3820,
3130,
12,
26894,
38,
3,
9,
1127,
12,
8,
962,
13,
26894,
11,
25568,
321,
1107,
95,
28,
1126,
912,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin was hard at work on his "big book" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile. The mechanism was similar to Darwin's own theory. Darwin wrote to Lyell that "your words have come true with a vengeance, ... forestalled" and he would "of course, at once write and offer to send [it] to any journal" that Wallace chose, adding that "all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed". Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint publication putting together Wallace's pages with extracts from Darwin's 1844 Essay and his 1857 letter to Gray should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on 1 July 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions. Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What did Lyell suggest to Darwin as a solution to the issue of Darwin and Wallace both coming up with similar ideas? | [
4494,
5707,
1
] |
joint publication
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
308,
291,
3757,
47,
614,
44,
161,
30,
112,
96,
12911,
484,
121,
30,
6869,
22246,
6,
116,
30,
507,
1515,
507,
3449,
3,
88,
1204,
3,
9,
15969,
45,
25568,
6,
113,
3,
8070,
30,
8,
2148,
1598,
76,
11654,
41,
382,
49,
29,
342,
11,
12798,
32,
40,
32,
137,
94,
21623,
6786,
1688,
3,
16012,
46,
27168,
8557,
6,
3,
9,
1773,
12,
26894,
31,
7,
1100,
17427,
6,
28,
3,
9,
1690,
12,
1299,
34,
30,
12,
5225,
3820,
3,
99,
26894,
816,
34,
20167,
5,
37,
8557,
47,
1126,
12,
26894,
31,
7,
293,
4516,
5,
26894,
2832,
12,
5225,
3820,
24,
96,
13055,
1234,
43,
369,
1176,
28,
3,
9,
3,
1926,
397,
663,
6,
3,
233,
5827,
138,
1361,
121,
11,
3,
88,
133,
96,
858,
503,
6,
44,
728,
1431,
11,
462,
12,
1299,
784,
155,
908,
12,
136,
6378,
121,
24,
25568,
3260,
6,
2651,
24,
96,
1748,
82,
926,
485,
6,
2891,
34,
164,
866,
12,
6,
56,
36,
3,
7,
23991,
1280,
5225,
3820,
11,
21896,
49,
4686,
24,
3,
9,
4494,
5707,
3,
3131,
544,
25568,
31,
7,
1688,
28,
5819,
7,
45,
26894,
31,
7,
507,
3628,
14628,
11,
112,
507,
3436,
2068,
12,
13375,
225,
36,
2569,
44,
8,
301,
14029,
152,
3467,
6,
11,
30,
209,
1718,
507,
3449,
6,
8,
5778,
7201,
461,
8,
4738,
26,
4392,
13,
3,
7727,
725,
12,
607,
12928,
15,
3010,
117,
11,
30,
8,
1915,
4995,
76,
257,
13,
12928,
15,
3010,
11,
3,
7727,
725,
57,
6869,
23045,
7,
13,
22246,
6,
57,
25568,
11,
26894,
6898,
6,
130,
608,
91,
68,
3,
26,
60,
210,
385,
6363,
5,
818,
26894,
1702,
25568,
31,
7,
800,
12,
36,
12022,
12,
112,
2077,
13,
793,
1801,
6,
18637,
7,
43,
8744,
91,
5859,
5,
26894,
3028,
793,
1801,
38,
271,
10552,
1162,
12,
8,
7353,
1801,
25420,
26,
57,
2586,
8885,
277,
6,
11,
8053,
15,
26,
2259,
344,
1742,
117,
25568,
3,
26,
60,
210,
150,
4993,
12,
20459,
18995,
6,
11,
2937,
30,
19517,
1666,
7,
24,
2697,
315,
12236,
3,
13842,
12,
415,
1124,
5,
886,
18637,
7,
43,
5259,
24,
25568,
47,
700,
12104,
563,
1801,
1066,
145,
1801,
6922,
30,
928,
12338,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
522,
17,
13,
9009,
57,
793,
1801,
410,
26894,
992,
30,
16,
112,
161,
24,
47,
2569,
12,
8,
301,
14029,
152,
3467,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin was hard at work on his "big book" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile. The mechanism was similar to Darwin's own theory. Darwin wrote to Lyell that "your words have come true with a vengeance, ... forestalled" and he would "of course, at once write and offer to send [it] to any journal" that Wallace chose, adding that "all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed". Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint publication putting together Wallace's pages with extracts from Darwin's 1844 Essay and his 1857 letter to Gray should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on 1 July 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions. Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What facet of evolution by natural selection did Darwin focus on in his work that was presented to the Linnean Society? | [
2259,
344,
1742,
1
] |
competition between individuals
|
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18995,
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2937,
30,
19517,
1666,
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2697,
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31,
7,
3,
8389,
30,
149,
793,
1801,
11,
7353,
1801,
130,
2895,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin was hard at work on his "big book" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile. The mechanism was similar to Darwin's own theory. Darwin wrote to Lyell that "your words have come true with a vengeance, ... forestalled" and he would "of course, at once write and offer to send [it] to any journal" that Wallace chose, adding that "all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed". Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint publication putting together Wallace's pages with extracts from Darwin's 1844 Essay and his 1857 letter to Gray should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on 1 July 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions. Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was Wallace's stance on how natural selection and artificial selection were connected? | [
25568,
3,
26,
60,
210,
150,
4993,
1
] |
Wallace drew no comparison
|
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826,
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57,
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16,
8,
161,
2569,
12,
8,
301,
14029,
152,
3467,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin was hard at work on his "big book" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile. The mechanism was similar to Darwin's own theory. Darwin wrote to Lyell that "your words have come true with a vengeance, ... forestalled" and he would "of course, at once write and offer to send [it] to any journal" that Wallace chose, adding that "all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed". Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint publication putting together Wallace's pages with extracts from Darwin's 1844 Essay and his 1857 letter to Gray should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on 1 July 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions. Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What facet of evolution by natural selection was highlighted by Wallace in the work presented to the Linnean Society? | [
19517,
1666,
7,
1
] |
ecological pressures
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
308,
291,
3757,
47,
614,
44,
161,
30,
112,
96,
12911,
484,
121,
30,
6869,
22246,
6,
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507,
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3,
88,
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3,
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34,
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37,
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1126,
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26894,
31,
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293,
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2832,
12,
5225,
3820,
24,
96,
13055,
1234,
43,
369,
1176,
28,
3,
9,
3,
1926,
397,
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3,
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5827,
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56,
36,
3,
7,
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5225,
3820,
11,
21896,
49,
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24,
3,
9,
4494,
5707,
3,
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544,
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31,
7,
1688,
28,
5819,
7,
45,
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31,
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507,
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14628,
11,
112,
507,
3436,
2068,
12,
13375,
225,
36,
2569,
44,
8,
301,
14029,
152,
3467,
6,
11,
30,
209,
1718,
507,
3449,
6,
8,
5778,
7201,
461,
8,
4738,
26,
4392,
13,
3,
7727,
725,
12,
607,
12928,
15,
3010,
117,
11,
30,
8,
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4995,
76,
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3,
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23045,
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6898,
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91,
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5,
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563,
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8,
1113,
13,
793,
1801,
30,
1742,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin was hard at work on his "big book" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile. The mechanism was similar to Darwin's own theory. Darwin wrote to Lyell that "your words have come true with a vengeance, ... forestalled" and he would "of course, at once write and offer to send [it] to any journal" that Wallace chose, adding that "all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed". Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint publication putting together Wallace's pages with extracts from Darwin's 1844 Essay and his 1857 letter to Gray should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on 1 July 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions. Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What facet of Wallace's theory made historians think Wallace might actually be discussing group selection rather than the impact of natural selection on individuals? | [
2937,
30,
19517,
1666,
7,
24,
2697,
315,
12236,
3,
13842,
12,
415,
1124,
1
] |
focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
308,
291,
3757,
31,
7,
3,
8345,
130,
192,
10533,
10,
12,
504,
24,
3244,
141,
59,
118,
12000,
990,
6,
11,
12,
504,
24,
793,
1801,
141,
118,
8,
5752,
3102,
13,
483,
5,
216,
2124,
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112,
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130,
641,
3324,
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3077,
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21,
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6,
19,
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12,
8,
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13,
10914,
365,
4422,
257,
6,
11,
24,
8,
21727,
13,
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10914,
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3,
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794,
179,
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21,
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24,
8,
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
26894,
31,
7,
2674,
47,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change. He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism. Therefore, the first four chapters lay out his case that selection in nature, caused by the struggle for existence, is analogous to the selection of variations under domestication, and that the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Darwin's aim was? | [
192,
10533,
1
] |
twofold
|
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8,
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5,
11860,
10,
113,
2124,
125,
8,
3962,
130,
3324,
28,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change. He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism. Therefore, the first four chapters lay out his case that selection in nature, caused by the struggle for existence, is analogous to the selection of variations under domestication, and that the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: who knew what the readers were familiar with? | [
26894,
1
] |
Darwin
|
[
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915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
213,
47,
4393,
21,
6831,
5172,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change. He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism. Therefore, the first four chapters lay out his case that selection in nature, caused by the struggle for existence, is analogous to the selection of variations under domestication, and that the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: where was struggle for existence discussed? | [
166,
662,
16175,
1
] |
first four chapters
|
[
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915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
47,
5172,
16,
8,
5454,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change. He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism. Therefore, the first four chapters lay out his case that selection in nature, caused by the struggle for existence, is analogous to the selection of variations under domestication, and that the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what was discussed in the passage? | [
26894,
31,
7,
3,
8345,
1
] |
Darwin's aims
|
[
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363,
19,
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5885,
975,
13072,
257,
16,
8,
573,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"There were serious scientific objections to the process of natural selection as the key mechanism of evolution, including Karl von Nägeli's insistence that a trivial characteristic with no adaptive advantage could not be developed by selection. Darwin conceded that these could be linked to adaptive characteristics. His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson (later awarded the title Lord Kelvin), who calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years. Darwin accepted blending inheritance, but Fleeming Jenkin calculated that as it mixed traits, natural selection could not accumulate useful traits. Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition. Mivart supported directed evolution, and compiled scientific and religious objections to natural selection. In response, Darwin made considerable changes to the sixth edition. The problems of the age of the Earth and heredity were only resolved in the 20th century.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is causing consternation in the community? | [
8,
433,
13,
793,
1801,
38,
8,
843,
8557,
13,
9009,
1
] |
the process of natural selection as the key mechanism of evolution
|
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5,
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10,
2645,
19,
46,
677,
13,
48,
975,
13072,
257,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"There were serious scientific objections to the process of natural selection as the key mechanism of evolution, including Karl von Nägeli's insistence that a trivial characteristic with no adaptive advantage could not be developed by selection. Darwin conceded that these could be linked to adaptive characteristics. His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson (later awarded the title Lord Kelvin), who calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years. Darwin accepted blending inheritance, but Fleeming Jenkin calculated that as it mixed traits, natural selection could not accumulate useful traits. Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition. Mivart supported directed evolution, and compiled scientific and religious objections to natural selection. In response, Darwin made considerable changes to the sixth edition. The problems of the age of the Earth and heredity were only resolved in the 20th century.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who is an example of this consternation? | [
12345,
193,
445,
1864,
1803,
23,
1
] |
Karl von Nägeli
|
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5,
11860,
10,
363,
1307,
2953,
975,
13072,
257,
16,
8,
573,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"There were serious scientific objections to the process of natural selection as the key mechanism of evolution, including Karl von Nägeli's insistence that a trivial characteristic with no adaptive advantage could not be developed by selection. Darwin conceded that these could be linked to adaptive characteristics. His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson (later awarded the title Lord Kelvin), who calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years. Darwin accepted blending inheritance, but Fleeming Jenkin calculated that as it mixed traits, natural selection could not accumulate useful traits. Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition. Mivart supported directed evolution, and compiled scientific and religious objections to natural selection. In response, Darwin made considerable changes to the sixth edition. The problems of the age of the Earth and heredity were only resolved in the 20th century.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What else caused consternation in the community? | [
978,
7037,
24,
8,
1246,
13,
8,
4030,
2225,
26079,
9009,
47,
3,
26986,
57,
4599,
30811,
1
] |
His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
7238,
130,
2261,
4290,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
1615,
47,
48,
59,
4307,
57,
8,
573,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"There were serious scientific objections to the process of natural selection as the key mechanism of evolution, including Karl von Nägeli's insistence that a trivial characteristic with no adaptive advantage could not be developed by selection. Darwin conceded that these could be linked to adaptive characteristics. His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson (later awarded the title Lord Kelvin), who calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years. Darwin accepted blending inheritance, but Fleeming Jenkin calculated that as it mixed traits, natural selection could not accumulate useful traits. Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition. Mivart supported directed evolution, and compiled scientific and religious objections to natural selection. In response, Darwin made considerable changes to the sixth edition. The problems of the age of the Earth and heredity were only resolved in the 20th century.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Why was this not accepted by the community? | [
4599,
30811,
41,
5867,
52,
5539,
8,
2233,
2809,
13329,
2494,
201,
113,
11338,
24,
34,
141,
3,
22964,
16,
705,
145,
910,
770,
203,
1
] |
William Thomson (later awarded the title Lord Kelvin), who calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
7238,
130,
2261,
4290,
20832,
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363,
410,
8,
9931,
13,
8,
800,
103,
12,
3,
7,
20895,
8,
573,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"There were serious scientific objections to the process of natural selection as the key mechanism of evolution, including Karl von Nägeli's insistence that a trivial characteristic with no adaptive advantage could not be developed by selection. Darwin conceded that these could be linked to adaptive characteristics. His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson (later awarded the title Lord Kelvin), who calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years. Darwin accepted blending inheritance, but Fleeming Jenkin calculated that as it mixed traits, natural selection could not accumulate useful traits. Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition. Mivart supported directed evolution, and compiled scientific and religious objections to natural selection. In response, Darwin made considerable changes to the sixth edition. The problems of the age of the Earth and heredity were only resolved in the 20th century.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What did the creator of the idea do to sooth the community? | [
26894,
1971,
12,
942,
175,
20832,
7,
16,
8,
305,
189,
4182,
1
] |
Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition
|
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11860,
10,
4073,
19,
59,
3,
9,
336,
564,
6,
26894,
42,
2826,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In later editions of the book, Darwin traced evolutionary ideas as far back as Aristotle; the text he cites is a summary by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier Greek philosopher Empedocles. Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form. Nature was widely believed to be unstable and capricious, with monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which is not a last name, Darwin or Christian? | [
2826,
1
] |
Christian
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
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4182,
7,
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8320,
26,
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38,
623,
223,
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3,
88,
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19,
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
19,
59,
3,
9,
336,
564,
6,
26894,
42,
3025,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In later editions of the book, Darwin traced evolutionary ideas as far back as Aristotle; the text he cites is a summary by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier Greek philosopher Empedocles. Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form. Nature was widely believed to be unstable and capricious, with monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which is not a last name, Darwin or Form? | [
607,
1
] |
form
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
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6946,
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66,
6066,
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38,
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70,
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302,
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344,
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13,
280,
535,
6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
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24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
19,
59,
3,
9,
336,
564,
6,
71,
17149,
17,
109,
42,
2751,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In later editions of the book, Darwin traced evolutionary ideas as far back as Aristotle; the text he cites is a summary by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier Greek philosopher Empedocles. Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form. Nature was widely believed to be unstable and capricious, with monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which is not a last name, Aristotle or Was? | [
47,
1
] |
was
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
75,
4741,
3286,
3962,
130,
641,
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24,
3244,
2130,
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24,
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24,
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47,
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3072,
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7004,
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24,
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1801,
47,
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31,
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3,
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7,
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53,
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469,
21,
8028,
53,
3,
9,
4516,
13,
28915,
13,
3,
9,
1169,
1271,
6803,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who gives the name and also is credited today for proposing a theory of inheritance of aquired characteristics? | [
325,
1635,
2406,
1
] |
Lamarck
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
75,
4741,
3286,
3962,
130,
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24,
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224,
38,
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5,
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24,
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190,
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47,
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13,
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6,
11,
57,
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3072,
6,
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7004,
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24,
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68,
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1801,
47,
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5,
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31,
7,
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47,
92,
3,
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6,
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112,
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7,
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53,
8,
3,
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51,
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20231,
13,
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31,
7,
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3,
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6,
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12,
8,
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496,
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31,
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16,
84,
4962,
228,
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397,
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3,
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47,
8,
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10091,
152,
343,
24,
1790,
8,
9874,
32,
4817,
10972,
14628,
12,
8,
7542,
9,
28020,
15,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who was the British Botanist that published the Introductory Essay to the Flora Tasmaniae? | [
6187,
878,
7377,
21896,
49,
1
] |
Joseph Dalton Hooker
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
75,
4741,
3286,
3962,
130,
641,
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24,
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1998,
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47,
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6,
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3,
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13,
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31,
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71,
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13,
3,
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6,
298,
16383,
1213,
12,
8,
1523,
343,
496,
13,
4599,
549,
88,
2091,
31,
7,
26597,
13,
8,
86,
28668,
9226,
6,
16,
84,
4962,
228,
1731,
28,
8,
12954,
2827,
24,
3244,
130,
3599,
4820,
990,
57,
408,
5,
8840,
380,
21,
26894,
31,
7,
912,
764,
45,
8,
7469,
13,
1057,
793,
343,
7,
6908,
2392,
397,
5984,
11,
29393,
6,
379,
6187,
878,
7377,
21896,
49,
16,
3,
24700,
6,
11,
282,
9,
13375,
16,
507,
4056,
5,
7780,
13171,
272,
6203,
2569,
585,
16,
507,
4241,
24,
5243,
16304,
22336,
651,
338,
793,
1801,
5,
19850,
2770,
9816,
25568,
5172,
2084,
45,
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9,
63,
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23,
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9,
839,
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6,
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4389,
1040,
28,
46,
27168,
7295,
21,
8,
25568,
689,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
14761,
152,
343,
2832,
26894,
13662,
6,
3,
9,
1232,
13,
11011,
24,
3,
27431,
8,
4516,
13,
9009,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which botanist wrote Darwiniana, a collection of essays that defended the theory of evolution? | [
282,
9,
13375,
1
] |
Asa Gray
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
75,
4741,
3286,
3962,
130,
641,
2718,
13,
12874,
24,
3244,
2130,
190,
2842,
24,
130,
1426,
12,
3786,
13,
1405,
6,
68,
8,
3017,
4246,
257,
138,
912,
13,
325,
1635,
2406,
11,
8,
15986,
96,
4207,
13,
606,
121,
13,
20970,
3077,
7,
141,
59,
435,
4290,
14499,
5,
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1801,
38,
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487,
5,
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1998,
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24,
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190,
793,
3786,
47,
13734,
13,
4290,
810,
6,
11,
57,
507,
3072,
6,
167,
7004,
4307,
24,
9009,
6935,
68,
360,
816,
793,
1801,
47,
1516,
5,
26894,
31,
7,
4290,
1573,
47,
92,
3,
26986,
6,
28,
112,
813,
9977,
7,
14499,
53,
8,
3,
15,
51,
2388,
20231,
13,
1079,
23338,
4185,
31,
7,
71,
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13,
3,
20641,
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298,
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1213,
12,
8,
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343,
496,
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549,
88,
2091,
31,
7,
26597,
13,
8,
86,
28668,
9226,
6,
16,
84,
4962,
228,
1731,
28,
8,
12954,
2827,
24,
3244,
130,
3599,
4820,
990,
57,
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5,
8840,
380,
21,
26894,
31,
7,
912,
764,
45,
8,
7469,
13,
1057,
793,
343,
7,
6908,
2392,
397,
5984,
11,
29393,
6,
379,
6187,
878,
7377,
21896,
49,
16,
3,
24700,
6,
11,
282,
9,
13375,
16,
507,
4056,
5,
7780,
13171,
272,
6203,
2569,
585,
16,
507,
4241,
24,
5243,
16304,
22336,
651,
338,
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1801,
5,
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2770,
9816,
25568,
5172,
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45,
112,
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63,
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23,
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9,
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6,
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1040,
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27168,
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21,
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689,
535,
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822,
5,
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24,
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
555,
13,
8,
167,
16569,
317,
277,
13,
11702,
5486,
6835,
6,
113,
2832,
8,
22466,
2257,
461,
16553,
47,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: One of the most influential thinkers of classical liberalism, who wrote the philosophical essay On Liberty was? | [
1079,
23338,
4185,
1
] |
John Stuart Mill
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
75,
4741,
3286,
3962,
130,
641,
2718,
13,
12874,
24,
3244,
2130,
190,
2842,
24,
130,
1426,
12,
3786,
13,
1405,
6,
68,
8,
3017,
4246,
257,
138,
912,
13,
325,
1635,
2406,
11,
8,
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96,
4207,
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606,
121,
13,
20970,
3077,
7,
141,
59,
435,
4290,
14499,
5,
26894,
2569,
793,
1801,
38,
3,
9,
4290,
1427,
794,
179,
8557,
298,
13643,
24,
119,
12009,
224,
38,
28915,
13,
7347,
2850,
130,
487,
5,
978,
1998,
2127,
24,
9009,
190,
793,
3786,
47,
13734,
13,
4290,
810,
6,
11,
57,
507,
3072,
6,
167,
7004,
4307,
24,
9009,
6935,
68,
360,
816,
793,
1801,
47,
1516,
5,
26894,
31,
7,
4290,
1573,
47,
92,
3,
26986,
6,
28,
112,
813,
9977,
7,
14499,
53,
8,
3,
15,
51,
2388,
20231,
13,
1079,
23338,
4185,
31,
7,
71,
2149,
13,
3,
20641,
6,
298,
16383,
1213,
12,
8,
1523,
343,
496,
13,
4599,
549,
88,
2091,
31,
7,
26597,
13,
8,
86,
28668,
9226,
6,
16,
84,
4962,
228,
1731,
28,
8,
12954,
2827,
24,
3244,
130,
3599,
4820,
990,
57,
408,
5,
8840,
380,
21,
26894,
31,
7,
912,
764,
45,
8,
7469,
13,
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793,
343,
7,
6908,
2392,
397,
5984,
11,
29393,
6,
379,
6187,
878,
7377,
21896,
49,
16,
3,
24700,
6,
11,
282,
9,
13375,
16,
507,
4056,
5,
7780,
13171,
272,
6203,
2569,
585,
16,
507,
4241,
24,
5243,
16304,
22336,
651,
338,
793,
1801,
5,
19850,
2770,
9816,
25568,
5172,
2084,
45,
112,
2148,
9,
63,
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23,
4343,
9,
839,
585,
6,
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46,
507,
4389,
1040,
28,
46,
27168,
7295,
21,
8,
25568,
689,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
71,
563,
13,
12098,
6,
224,
38,
8,
15210,
11057,
32,
7,
33,
2389,
718,
3,
9,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: A group of islands, such as the Galapagos are generally called a? | [
11508,
23,
4343,
9,
839,
1
] |
archipelago
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
23901,
8,
981,
5362,
13,
4101,
104,
4018,
6,
34,
47,
801,
16,
2628,
104,
16660,
24,
192,
21076,
5028,
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152,
509,
3625,
76,
1744,
8202,
7,
20,
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4922,
19029,
41,
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15420,
61,
11,
5185,
509,
8570,
6823,
26,
32,
3625,
76,
1744,
8202,
7,
41,
279,
6158,
61,
61,
141,
118,
3,
22274,
1014,
8467,
21,
203,
788,
12,
1282,
7686,
6,
10960,
15,
15133,
297,
11,
7625,
7712,
5,
37,
495,
13,
272,
15420,
47,
1989,
2261,
250,
13,
165,
812,
6,
512,
698,
6,
11,
8,
1827,
12418,
3,
18,
12627,
31,
7,
258,
750,
1661,
6,
17655,
9,
509,
26551,
6,
11,
128,
13,
112,
1827,
66,
725,
6,
6997,
525,
11,
268,
3079,
28,
8,
2137,
11,
165,
4071,
6,
113,
47,
3725,
4977,
11,
10195,
21,
7712,
11,
119,
14461,
5,
86,
8,
9808,
13,
3,
16217,
3,
9,
6149,
2261,
981,
5362,
16,
8,
21076,
2717,
6,
8,
21076,
789,
1500,
12,
428,
135,
3,
9,
15794,
670,
6,
3725,
44,
3,
9,
647,
1453,
12,
15375,
7,
11,
12,
8,
21076,
151,
16,
879,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
13,
8,
826,
19,
59,
3,
9,
2137,
10,
272,
15420,
6,
272,
6158,
42,
4071,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which of the following is not a bank: BPN, BPP or CEO? | [
4071,
1
] |
CEO
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
23901,
8,
981,
5362,
13,
4101,
104,
4018,
6,
34,
47,
801,
16,
2628,
104,
16660,
24,
192,
21076,
5028,
41,
279,
152,
509,
3625,
76,
1744,
8202,
7,
20,
17141,
4922,
19029,
41,
279,
15420,
61,
11,
5185,
509,
8570,
6823,
26,
32,
3625,
76,
1744,
8202,
7,
41,
279,
6158,
61,
61,
141,
118,
3,
22274,
1014,
8467,
21,
203,
788,
12,
1282,
7686,
6,
10960,
15,
15133,
297,
11,
7625,
7712,
5,
37,
495,
13,
272,
15420,
47,
1989,
2261,
250,
13,
165,
812,
6,
512,
698,
6,
11,
8,
1827,
12418,
3,
18,
12627,
31,
7,
258,
750,
1661,
6,
17655,
9,
509,
26551,
6,
11,
128,
13,
112,
1827,
66,
725,
6,
6997,
525,
11,
268,
3079,
28,
8,
2137,
11,
165,
4071,
6,
113,
47,
3725,
4977,
11,
10195,
21,
7712,
11,
119,
14461,
5,
86,
8,
9808,
13,
3,
16217,
3,
9,
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16,
8,
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2717,
6,
8,
21076,
789,
1500,
12,
428,
135,
3,
9,
15794,
670,
6,
3725,
44,
3,
9,
647,
1453,
12,
15375,
7,
11,
12,
8,
21076,
151,
16,
879,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
13,
8,
826,
19,
8,
564,
13,
3,
9,
568,
10,
26551,
6,
17141,
32,
19029,
42,
8570,
6823,
26,
32,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which of the following is the name of a person: Silva, Negocios or Privado? | [
26551,
1
] |
Silva
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
23901,
8,
981,
5362,
13,
4101,
104,
4018,
6,
34,
47,
801,
16,
2628,
104,
16660,
24,
192,
21076,
5028,
41,
279,
152,
509,
3625,
76,
1744,
8202,
7,
20,
17141,
4922,
19029,
41,
279,
15420,
61,
11,
5185,
509,
8570,
6823,
26,
32,
3625,
76,
1744,
8202,
7,
41,
279,
6158,
61,
61,
141,
118,
3,
22274,
1014,
8467,
21,
203,
788,
12,
1282,
7686,
6,
10960,
15,
15133,
297,
11,
7625,
7712,
5,
37,
495,
13,
272,
15420,
47,
1989,
2261,
250,
13,
165,
812,
6,
512,
698,
6,
11,
8,
1827,
12418,
3,
18,
12627,
31,
7,
258,
750,
1661,
6,
17655,
9,
509,
26551,
6,
11,
128,
13,
112,
1827,
66,
725,
6,
6997,
525,
11,
268,
3079,
28,
8,
2137,
11,
165,
4071,
6,
113,
47,
3725,
4977,
11,
10195,
21,
7712,
11,
119,
14461,
5,
86,
8,
9808,
13,
3,
16217,
3,
9,
6149,
2261,
981,
5362,
16,
8,
21076,
2717,
6,
8,
21076,
789,
1500,
12,
428,
135,
3,
9,
15794,
670,
6,
3725,
44,
3,
9,
647,
1453,
12,
15375,
7,
11,
12,
8,
21076,
151,
16,
879,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
13,
8,
826,
19,
59,
80,
13,
8,
4110,
13,
8,
2137,
3338,
10,
1282,
7686,
6,
3,
9,
15794,
670,
42,
10960,
15,
15133,
297,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which of the following is not one of the causes of the bank failure: bad investments, a bailout or embezzlement? | [
3,
9,
15794,
670,
1
] |
a bailout
|
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
19,
8,
1025,
167,
5251,
3954,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what is the third most visited destination? | [
3625,
32,
11,
5961,
12627,
1
] |
Porto and Northern Portugal
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
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6,
901,
1478,
162,
6,
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6,
3625,
32,
11,
8,
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13,
638,
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1939,
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92,
6,
344,
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7,
719,
377,
2975,
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284,
215,
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213,
3,
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13,
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29992,
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386,
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16,
25439,
5,
37,
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377,
2975,
2998,
9,
19,
80,
13,
8,
2015,
3385,
6502,
30258,
7,
16,
8,
296,
5,
37,
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789,
3256,
12,
2519,
11,
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10944,
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19,
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
19,
8,
1374,
8548,
1719,
16,
12627,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what is the leading tourist region in Portugal? | [
28928,
1
] |
Lisbon
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
382,
1211,
343,
1312,
7,
3013,
7,
16,
12627,
33,
28928,
6,
901,
1478,
162,
6,
5428,
15809,
6,
3625,
32,
11,
8,
690,
13,
638,
603,
1939,
6,
92,
6,
344,
3,
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9,
284,
215,
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213,
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13,
8,
29992,
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3790,
12,
386,
28743,
502,
3,
15733,
808,
286,
16,
25439,
5,
37,
30021,
13,
377,
2975,
2998,
9,
19,
80,
13,
8,
2015,
3385,
6502,
30258,
7,
16,
8,
296,
5,
37,
21076,
789,
3256,
12,
2519,
11,
1344,
126,
8548,
10944,
6,
224,
38,
8,
531,
450,
32,
3460,
6,
8,
3368,
13,
3625,
32,
1051,
235,
6,
11,
901,
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1927,
5,
28928,
19,
8,
898,
189,
1611,
690,
84,
5521,
7,
8,
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41,
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2391,
770,
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3,
20817,
53,
8,
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31,
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6,
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1025,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
5428,
15809,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is Madeira? | [
21375,
1312,
7,
3013,
7,
1
] |
Tourist hotspots
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
382,
1211,
343,
1312,
7,
3013,
7,
16,
12627,
33,
28928,
6,
901,
1478,
162,
6,
5428,
15809,
6,
3625,
32,
11,
8,
690,
13,
638,
603,
1939,
6,
92,
6,
344,
3,
18822,
770,
4761,
24827,
7,
719,
377,
2975,
2998,
9,
284,
215,
6,
213,
3,
26788,
7,
13,
8,
29992,
16823,
3790,
12,
386,
28743,
502,
3,
15733,
808,
286,
16,
25439,
5,
37,
30021,
13,
377,
2975,
2998,
9,
19,
80,
13,
8,
2015,
3385,
6502,
30258,
7,
16,
8,
296,
5,
37,
21076,
789,
3256,
12,
2519,
11,
1344,
126,
8548,
10944,
6,
224,
38,
8,
531,
450,
32,
3460,
6,
8,
3368,
13,
3625,
32,
1051,
235,
6,
11,
901,
4617,
1927,
5,
28928,
19,
8,
898,
189,
1611,
690,
84,
5521,
7,
8,
167,
11618,
41,
4065,
2391,
770,
11618,
3,
20817,
53,
8,
690,
31,
7,
5694,
16,
3581,
6,
3,
9,
381,
24,
3,
4774,
7806,
5953,
3,
2172,
12,
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5,
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908,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
19,
3625,
32,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what is Porto? | [
21375,
1312,
7,
3013,
7,
1
] |
Tourist hotspots
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
77,
565,
8,
1184,
29,
257,
12197,
13,
17184,
6,
84,
27145,
920,
16,
8,
414,
13,
80,
13,
12627,
31,
7,
167,
14538,
17258,
13,
1456,
5919,
41,
6279,
708,
16,
8,
8754,
7,
201,
3,
9,
1516,
483,
65,
6935,
16,
8,
2982,
31,
7,
2041,
1456,
1170,
5,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
621,
8,
31090,
13,
8,
17184,
9481,
11,
8,
276,
20921,
1059,
6,
12627,
1971,
12,
3374,
12,
3,
9,
2839,
941,
1252,
2717,
6,
3,
9,
433,
24,
3256,
16,
6386,
1541,
8,
5541,
7,
6,
12627,
31,
7,
452,
5962,
18,
390,
1456,
606,
825,
65,
118,
5665,
2839,
12,
3,
9,
358,
24,
19,
2937,
30,
4202,
7,
6,
1045,
1729,
11,
8,
606,
13,
8,
306,
18,
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5,
3,
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6,
268,
364,
43,
147,
4914,
29,
72,
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5238,
224,
38,
12667,
7,
6,
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6,
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11,
4301,
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41,
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12204,
40,
19,
8,
296,
31,
7,
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11,
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535,
6,
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8,
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822,
5,
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24,
8,
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
2817,
27137,
203,
227,
12627,
31,
7,
2717,
708,
12,
1172,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What happened fourteen years after Portugal's economy started to improve? | [
1184,
29,
257,
12197,
1
] |
Carnation Revolution
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
77,
565,
8,
1184,
29,
257,
12197,
13,
17184,
6,
84,
27145,
920,
16,
8,
414,
13,
80,
13,
12627,
31,
7,
167,
14538,
17258,
13,
1456,
5919,
41,
6279,
708,
16,
8,
8754,
7,
201,
3,
9,
1516,
483,
65,
6935,
16,
8,
2982,
31,
7,
2041,
1456,
1170,
5,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
621,
8,
31090,
13,
8,
17184,
9481,
11,
8,
276,
20921,
1059,
6,
12627,
1971,
12,
3374,
12,
3,
9,
2839,
941,
1252,
2717,
6,
3,
9,
433,
24,
3256,
16,
6386,
1541,
8,
5541,
7,
6,
12627,
31,
7,
452,
5962,
18,
390,
1456,
606,
825,
65,
118,
5665,
2839,
12,
3,
9,
358,
24,
19,
2937,
30,
4202,
7,
6,
1045,
1729,
11,
8,
606,
13,
8,
306,
18,
3470,
2393,
5,
3,
21900,
6,
268,
364,
43,
147,
4914,
29,
72,
1435,
5238,
224,
38,
12667,
7,
6,
5698,
6,
23141,
11,
4301,
157,
41,
14714,
12204,
40,
19,
8,
296,
31,
7,
1374,
4301,
157,
8211,
201,
1679,
494,
11,
18928,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
686,
13,
2717,
410,
12627,
43,
19662,
203,
977,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What type of economy did Portugal have forty years ago? | [
452,
5962,
18,
390,
1
] |
public consumption-based
|
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363,
1308,
7751,
179,
681,
410,
12627,
43,
16,
8,
6694,
7,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What types consumable industry did Portugal have in the 1980s? | [
18928,
1
] |
beverages
|
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363,
2817,
227,
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24,
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18229,
12627,
31,
7,
2717,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What happened after 1974 that impacted Portugal's economy? | [
276,
20921,
1059,
1
] |
PREC period
|
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6,
84,
27145,
920,
16,
8,
414,
13,
80,
13,
12627,
31,
7,
167,
14538,
17258,
13,
1456,
5919,
41,
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6,
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3,
9,
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941,
1252,
2717,
6,
3,
9,
433,
24,
3256,
16,
6386,
1541,
8,
5541,
7,
6,
12627,
31,
7,
452,
5962,
18,
390,
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606,
825,
65,
118,
5665,
2839,
12,
3,
9,
358,
24,
19,
2937,
30,
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7,
6,
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11,
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3,
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6,
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147,
4914,
29,
72,
1435,
5238,
224,
38,
12667,
7,
6,
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6,
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11,
4301,
157,
41,
14714,
12204,
40,
19,
8,
296,
31,
7,
1374,
4301,
157,
8211,
201,
1679,
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11,
18928,
535,
6,
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8,
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822,
5,
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24,
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441,
8,
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5,
11860,
10,
366,
410,
12627,
1190,
3374,
53,
12,
8,
1252,
2717,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When did Portugal stop adapting to the global economy? | [
3,
9,
433,
24,
3256,
1
] |
a process that continues
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
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52,
11,
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20,
5184,
2,
15,
7,
41,
75,
5,
627,
2266,
104,
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3794,
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58
] |
Given the following passage
"Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: In what period did Torga work? | [
5070,
1
] |
Modern
|
[
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8,
826,
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96,
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35,
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52,
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20,
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2,
15,
7,
41,
75,
5,
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2266,
104,
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31,
7,
71,
35,
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23,
26,
38,
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2860,
5,
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21076,
10773,
19,
3,
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16,
3,
29,
15,
32,
4057,
447,
11,
4092,
4634,
6,
38,
3,
6667,
1167,
40,
3676,
57,
28989,
1276,
7,
7,
32,
9,
9323,
4060,
104,
2294,
2469,
137,
5070,
21076,
6678,
19,
7283,
57,
5921,
224,
38,
901,
526,
23,
26,
9,
27099,
6,
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173,
32,
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32,
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23,
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7,
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5,
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10,
86,
125,
1059,
410,
1276,
7,
7,
32,
9,
161,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: In what period did Pessoa work? | [
5070,
1
] |
Modern
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
21021,
35,
2693,
52,
11,
11603,
2318,
2,
7,
20,
5184,
2,
15,
7,
41,
75,
5,
627,
2266,
104,
1808,
2079,
61,
2832,
8,
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14193,
96,
667,
7,
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7,
2,
9,
7664,
121,
41,
634,
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7,
23,
9,
26,
7,
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28,
3,
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122,
173,
31,
7,
71,
35,
15,
23,
26,
38,
112,
711,
2860,
5,
5070,
21076,
10773,
19,
3,
19471,
16,
3,
29,
15,
32,
4057,
447,
11,
4092,
4634,
6,
38,
3,
6667,
1167,
40,
3676,
57,
28989,
1276,
7,
7,
32,
9,
9323,
4060,
104,
2294,
2469,
137,
5070,
21076,
6678,
19,
7283,
57,
5921,
224,
38,
901,
526,
23,
26,
9,
27099,
6,
5184,
173,
32,
25925,
32,
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509,
6,
262,
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20,
7227,
23,
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6,
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1276,
7,
7,
32,
9,
6,
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60,
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11,
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9,
5,
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11,
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19,
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12969,
7493,
32,
6,
11095,
13,
8,
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22232,
11329,
16,
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15,
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6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
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24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
1276,
7,
7,
32,
9,
13792,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is Pessoa occupation? | [
10773,
1
] |
poetry
|