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] |
Given the following passage
"The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What kind of data was too much before 2008 to be streamed? | [
3805,
1
] |
massive
|
[
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8,
826,
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5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
394,
463,
30,
814,
145,
1424,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is better quality on film than TV? | [
3097,
635,
23431,
814,
1
] |
35mm photographic film
|
[
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5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
3,
9033,
26,
21,
3,
9,
182,
710,
1059,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is paused for a very short period? | [
814,
10023,
1
] |
film frames
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
17,
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3097,
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65,
3,
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19,
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8,
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5,
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10,
366,
54,
80,
253,
8,
358,
24,
930,
28,
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21,
3,
5828,
710,
8811,
13,
97,
28,
3,
30859,
2302,
13,
10023,
4626,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When can one find the system that works with pausing for incredibly short periods of time with alternating numbers of frames happening? | [
86,
3,
7359,
4112,
18,
3734,
1440,
1
] |
In NTSC-system countries
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
196,
17,
92,
963,
8,
2433,
968,
2445,
2,
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357,
3726,
16605,
5924,
1910,
5,
41,
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53,
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2,
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21,
3,
9,
620,
13,
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1917,
130,
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57,
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180,
5244,
3463,
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5,
61,
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1525,
8,
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822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
405,
8,
3,
102,
16,
3,
18517,
102,
1518,
21,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.)",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What does the p in 720p stand for? | [
3,
31599,
1
] |
progressively
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
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17,
92,
963,
8,
2433,
968,
2445,
2,
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357,
3726,
16605,
5924,
1910,
5,
41,
26599,
53,
12,
128,
2279,
6,
3,
9,
2288,
32,
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3,
9979,
18,
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41,
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102,
61,
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41,
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61,
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6,
11,
78,
47,
59,
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6,
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13978,
2,
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2079,
23,
11,
586,
2079,
2,
18517,
102,
1002,
21,
3,
9,
620,
13,
2835,
11,
1057,
1917,
130,
4802,
57,
633,
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180,
5244,
3463,
2443,
5,
61,
1686,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
96,
51,
32,
32,
1054,
121,
1910,
47,
3,
4931,
38,
46,
8358,
4390,
1910,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.)",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What "mooted" format was viewed as an enhanced television format? | [
3,
18517,
102,
1
] |
720p
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
196,
17,
92,
963,
8,
2433,
968,
2445,
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357,
3726,
16605,
5924,
1910,
5,
41,
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53,
12,
128,
2279,
6,
3,
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47,
59,
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6,
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2,
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2079,
23,
11,
586,
2079,
2,
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102,
1002,
21,
3,
9,
620,
13,
2835,
11,
1057,
1917,
130,
4802,
57,
633,
837,
180,
5244,
3463,
2443,
5,
61,
1686,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
149,
47,
8,
27,
9968,
31,
7,
903,
24,
3,
18517,
102,
47,
59,
3,
9,
1176,
3726,
4562,
1910,
3883,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.)",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: how was the ITU's view that 720p was not a true HDTV format discovered? | [
128,
2279,
1
] |
some reports
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
2703,
122,
10503,
11,
7784,
5128,
33,
10209,
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7211,
16,
8,
7518,
3,
6015,
23,
9475,
5,
242,
677,
6,
25531,
15428,
6970,
309,
4209,
45,
8,
511,
1856,
16,
1797,
12,
8,
511,
1856,
16,
1332,
6,
28,
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7,
44,
997,
10,
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415,
97,
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97,
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344,
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15428,
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716,
383,
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6,
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716,
383,
8,
5193,
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11,
662,
716,
3,
9,
360,
1274,
399,
215,
250,
13,
1817,
19515,
13,
2839,
5128,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
22997,
3,
1436,
109,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what discern chile? | [
37,
97,
1750,
1
] |
The time difference
|
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10,
3,
1436,
109,
351,
3,
9,
6746,
22997,
21,
8,
14246,
13,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: chile experience a distinct discern for the sake of? | [
1817,
19515,
13,
2839,
5128,
1
] |
mismatch of changing dates
|
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11,
20336,
5128,
33,
315,
16,
907,
14740,
11,
25531,
15428,
788,
12,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Alpha and Omega dates are different in United kingdom and mainland Chile due to? | [
7211,
16,
8,
7518,
3,
6015,
23,
9475,
1
] |
reverse in the southern hemisphere
|
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
3200,
81,
2839,
5128,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what brings about changing dates? | [
97,
1750,
1
] |
time difference
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
8,
7434,
7,
8,
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6863,
41,
3765,
5498,
61,
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63,
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30,
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10,
366,
47,
9674,
5447,
3915,
16,
2386,
6,
309,
5,
254,
5,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In the 1970s the US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.'s violent crime rate during DST. However, the LEAA did not filter out other factors, and it examined only two cities and found crime reductions only in one and only in some crime categories; the DOT decided it was "impossible to conclude with any confidence that comparable benefits would be found nationwide". Outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When was violent crime reduced in Washington, D.C.? | [
309,
4209,
1
] |
DST
|
[
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8,
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6863,
41,
3765,
5498,
61,
435,
3,
9,
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13,
6389,
12,
209,
5170,
16,
2386,
6,
309,
5,
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5,
31,
7,
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16,
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8,
3,
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34,
47,
96,
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2748,
7,
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12,
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28,
136,
3410,
24,
13289,
1393,
133,
36,
435,
12404,
1280,
9876,
3598,
65,
3,
9,
18777,
11,
1664,
237,
21454,
127,
63,
2860,
30,
5447,
11,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
686,
13,
5447,
410,
9132,
5498,
810,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In the 1970s the US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.'s violent crime rate during DST. However, the LEAA did not filter out other factors, and it examined only two cities and found crime reductions only in one and only in some crime categories; the DOT decided it was "impossible to conclude with any confidence that comparable benefits would be found nationwide". Outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What type of crime did LEAA study? | [
9674,
1
] |
violent
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
8,
7434,
7,
8,
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2402,
27075,
21736,
6863,
41,
3765,
5498,
61,
435,
3,
9,
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13,
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12,
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16,
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1280,
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59,
504,
3,
9,
4709,
16,
5447,
16,
9132,
5498,
31,
7,
810,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In the 1970s the US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.'s violent crime rate during DST. However, the LEAA did not filter out other factors, and it examined only two cities and found crime reductions only in one and only in some crime categories; the DOT decided it was "impossible to conclude with any confidence that comparable benefits would be found nationwide". Outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How many cities did not show a reduction in crime in LEAA's study? | [
80,
1
] |
one
|
[
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28,
3599,
161,
2023,
7,
34,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
3,
9,
1656,
13,
652,
1997,
383,
2655,
2510,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is a benefit of getting sun during outdoor exercise? | [
7869,
309,
1
] |
vitamin D
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
308,
4209,
65,
4838,
1951,
30,
533,
5,
86,
18804,
28,
3599,
161,
2023,
7,
34,
795,
72,
3742,
16285,
21,
2655,
2510,
5,
94,
8310,
7,
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4773,
117,
823,
48,
19,
6473,
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7,
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3,
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12,
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6,
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8,
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5,
37,
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77,
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297,
32,
7,
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26,
57,
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6396,
29,
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3,
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4232,
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5,
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24,
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
571,
54,
10947,
1951,
7931,
45,
2655,
8998,
16,
8,
1997,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How can harmful effects arise from outdoor exercises in the sun? | [
147,
19300,
4334,
1
] |
overexposure
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
308,
4209,
65,
4838,
1951,
30,
533,
5,
86,
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28,
3599,
161,
2023,
7,
34,
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72,
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21,
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2510,
5,
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3,
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24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
54,
16285,
103,
12,
8,
809,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What can sunlight do to the mind? | [
164,
199,
16,
7562,
57,
3,
5885,
1742,
12,
3098,
2283,
6,
68,
128,
9409,
8,
7211,
1
] |
may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse
|
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1017,
28518,
6,
16079,
410,
59,
700,
4230,
309,
4209,
117,
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18,
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410,
59,
237,
453,
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7,
5,
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6,
48,
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2130,
38,
6579,
11,
1901,
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764,
12,
1457,
3,
9,
1068,
1707,
13,
97,
7752,
16,
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31,
7,
239,
535,
6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
1615,
410,
151,
857,
24,
16079,
764,
95,
28,
1430,
2242,
19063,
7,
2900,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Why did people believe that Franklin came up with Daylight Savings Time? | [
1003,
4608,
3,
9275,
60,
1
] |
1784 satire
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
2092,
112,
97,
38,
46,
797,
3,
35,
9845,
12,
1410,
6,
15717,
16079,
6,
14859,
13,
8,
625,
1566,
813,
11868,
6,
96,
427,
291,
120,
12,
1953,
6,
11,
778,
12,
3098,
6,
656,
3,
9,
388,
1695,
6,
18407,
11,
7624,
1686,
17896,
120,
1790,
3,
9,
2068,
15495,
24,
1919,
7137,
3,
15,
12036,
1737,
30,
19490,
57,
6937,
2283,
12,
169,
1379,
16285,
5,
100,
1003,
4608,
3,
9275,
60,
4382,
1104,
53,
18094,
7,
6,
3,
2661,
53,
19490,
6,
11,
3,
24419,
8,
452,
57,
3,
1007,
53,
2078,
12815,
7,
11,
19781,
54,
29,
106,
7,
44,
25094,
5,
3,
4868,
1017,
28518,
6,
16079,
410,
59,
700,
4230,
309,
4209,
117,
507,
189,
18,
14006,
1740,
410,
59,
237,
453,
9272,
2023,
7,
5,
611,
6,
48,
1116,
2130,
38,
6579,
11,
1901,
5275,
764,
12,
1457,
3,
9,
1068,
1707,
13,
97,
7752,
16,
16079,
31,
7,
239,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
13559,
16,
18312,
913,
263,
10802,
7,
13,
6937,
778,
11,
125,
225,
36,
612,
12,
2054,
8,
962,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What tongue in cheek writing made jokes of rising early and what should be done to force the issue? | [
1003,
4608,
3,
9275,
60,
1
] |
1784 satire
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
2092,
112,
97,
38,
46,
797,
3,
35,
9845,
12,
1410,
6,
15717,
16079,
6,
14859,
13,
8,
625,
1566,
813,
11868,
6,
96,
427,
291,
120,
12,
1953,
6,
11,
778,
12,
3098,
6,
656,
3,
9,
388,
1695,
6,
18407,
11,
7624,
1686,
17896,
120,
1790,
3,
9,
2068,
15495,
24,
1919,
7137,
3,
15,
12036,
1737,
30,
19490,
57,
6937,
2283,
12,
169,
1379,
16285,
5,
100,
1003,
4608,
3,
9275,
60,
4382,
1104,
53,
18094,
7,
6,
3,
2661,
53,
19490,
6,
11,
3,
24419,
8,
452,
57,
3,
1007,
53,
2078,
12815,
7,
11,
19781,
54,
29,
106,
7,
44,
25094,
5,
3,
4868,
1017,
28518,
6,
16079,
410,
59,
700,
4230,
309,
4209,
117,
507,
189,
18,
14006,
1740,
410,
59,
237,
453,
9272,
2023,
7,
5,
611,
6,
48,
1116,
2130,
38,
6579,
11,
1901,
5275,
764,
12,
1457,
3,
9,
1068,
1707,
13,
97,
7752,
16,
16079,
31,
7,
239,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
133,
3,
24419,
95,
778,
103,
6,
1315,
12,
16079,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What would waking up early do, according to Franklin? | [
1919,
7137,
3,
15,
12036,
1737,
30,
19490,
1
] |
Parisians economize on candles
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
19055,
1564,
1068,
1737,
30,
412,
3838,
12,
1792,
982,
28,
6702,
4108,
7,
11,
97,
2901,
5859,
5,
3,
21322,
6,
167,
941,
2699,
1002,
22533,
2174,
11,
1078,
66,
648,
38,
412,
3838,
11,
163,
5755,
12,
415,
97,
21,
1831,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
103,
1356,
103,
28,
9544,
12,
412,
3838,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What do programs do with regards to UTC? | [
1068,
1737,
1
] |
standardize
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
19055,
1564,
1068,
1737,
30,
412,
3838,
12,
1792,
982,
28,
6702,
4108,
7,
11,
97,
2901,
5859,
5,
3,
21322,
6,
167,
941,
2699,
1002,
22533,
2174,
11,
1078,
66,
648,
38,
412,
3838,
11,
163,
5755,
12,
415,
97,
21,
1831,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
3346,
19,
612,
12,
415,
97,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What specifically is done to local time? | [
5755,
1
] |
convert
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
19055,
1564,
1068,
1737,
30,
412,
3838,
12,
1792,
982,
28,
6702,
4108,
7,
11,
97,
2901,
5859,
5,
3,
21322,
6,
167,
941,
2699,
1002,
22533,
2174,
11,
1078,
66,
648,
38,
412,
3838,
11,
163,
5755,
12,
415,
97,
21,
1831,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
773,
13,
6328,
15,
7,
483,
12,
415,
97,
21,
1831,
3659,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What kind of OSes change to local time for display purposes? | [
941,
1
] |
modern
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
7190,
6,
2003,
15,
17,
17,
31,
7,
957,
4560,
6384,
261,
8,
1657,
24945,
4380,
6,
68,
57,
28623,
8,
1657,
1248,
97,
5821,
24945,
4380,
97,
16,
6488,
6704,
5,
24404,
1740,
2284,
1126,
15101,
6,
224,
38,
9040,
2207,
16,
3434,
6,
3,
172,
32,
935,
17,
23,
354,
26,
16,
10098,
18,
26611,
6266,
6,
3,
7735,
1864,
9,
5561,
16,
16458,
6,
3,
107,
127,
14414,
20,
548,
152,
32,
42,
3,
21783,
20,
548,
152,
32,
16,
6436,
11,
3,
9419,
3,
26,
31,
8436,
16,
1410,
6,
3,
10339,
16,
5308,
8,
1657,
19,
42,
9,
1281,
15,
6,
24,
19,
6,
1281,
97,
41,
13856,
120,
13321,
26,
97,
61,
38,
8560,
12,
96,
127,
9,
3693,
15,
1686,
3693,
97,
6,
16,
2265,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
47,
728,
1702,
3,
9,
774,
1066,
145,
3,
9,
97,
483,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in Spain and heure d'été in France, whereas in Italy the term is ora legale, that is, legal time (legally enforced time) as opposed to "ora solare", solar time, in winter.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was once considered a season rather than a time change? | [
24945,
4380,
1
] |
daylight saving
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
7190,
6,
2003,
15,
17,
17,
31,
7,
957,
4560,
6384,
261,
8,
1657,
24945,
4380,
6,
68,
57,
28623,
8,
1657,
1248,
97,
5821,
24945,
4380,
97,
16,
6488,
6704,
5,
24404,
1740,
2284,
1126,
15101,
6,
224,
38,
9040,
2207,
16,
3434,
6,
3,
172,
32,
935,
17,
23,
354,
26,
16,
10098,
18,
26611,
6266,
6,
3,
7735,
1864,
9,
5561,
16,
16458,
6,
3,
107,
127,
14414,
20,
548,
152,
32,
42,
3,
21783,
20,
548,
152,
32,
16,
6436,
11,
3,
9419,
3,
26,
31,
8436,
16,
1410,
6,
3,
10339,
16,
5308,
8,
1657,
19,
42,
9,
1281,
15,
6,
24,
19,
6,
1281,
97,
41,
13856,
120,
13321,
26,
97,
61,
38,
8560,
12,
96,
127,
9,
3693,
15,
1686,
3693,
97,
6,
16,
2265,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
3613,
19,
261,
16,
5308,
31,
7,
97,
9811,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in Spain and heure d'été in France, whereas in Italy the term is ora legale, that is, legal time (legally enforced time) as opposed to "ora solare", solar time, in winter.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What measure is used in Italy's time references? | [
13595,
13321,
26,
1
] |
legally enforced
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
7190,
6,
2003,
15,
17,
17,
31,
7,
957,
4560,
6384,
261,
8,
1657,
24945,
4380,
6,
68,
57,
28623,
8,
1657,
1248,
97,
5821,
24945,
4380,
97,
16,
6488,
6704,
5,
24404,
1740,
2284,
1126,
15101,
6,
224,
38,
9040,
2207,
16,
3434,
6,
3,
172,
32,
935,
17,
23,
354,
26,
16,
10098,
18,
26611,
6266,
6,
3,
7735,
1864,
9,
5561,
16,
16458,
6,
3,
107,
127,
14414,
20,
548,
152,
32,
42,
3,
21783,
20,
548,
152,
32,
16,
6436,
11,
3,
9419,
3,
26,
31,
8436,
16,
1410,
6,
3,
10339,
16,
5308,
8,
1657,
19,
42,
9,
1281,
15,
6,
24,
19,
6,
1281,
97,
41,
13856,
120,
13321,
26,
97,
61,
38,
8560,
12,
96,
127,
9,
3693,
15,
1686,
3693,
97,
6,
16,
2265,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
59,
261,
38,
598,
12,
16363,
97,
16,
8,
2107,
49,
767,
16,
5308,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in Spain and heure d'été in France, whereas in Italy the term is ora legale, that is, legal time (legally enforced time) as opposed to "ora solare", solar time, in winter.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is not used as means to regulate time in the colder months in Italy? | [
13595,
13321,
26,
97,
1
] |
legally enforced time
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
7190,
6,
2003,
15,
17,
17,
31,
7,
957,
4560,
6384,
261,
8,
1657,
24945,
4380,
6,
68,
57,
28623,
8,
1657,
1248,
97,
5821,
24945,
4380,
97,
16,
6488,
6704,
5,
24404,
1740,
2284,
1126,
15101,
6,
224,
38,
9040,
2207,
16,
3434,
6,
3,
172,
32,
935,
17,
23,
354,
26,
16,
10098,
18,
26611,
6266,
6,
3,
7735,
1864,
9,
5561,
16,
16458,
6,
3,
107,
127,
14414,
20,
548,
152,
32,
42,
3,
21783,
20,
548,
152,
32,
16,
6436,
11,
3,
9419,
3,
26,
31,
8436,
16,
1410,
6,
3,
10339,
16,
5308,
8,
1657,
19,
42,
9,
1281,
15,
6,
24,
19,
6,
1281,
97,
41,
13856,
120,
13321,
26,
97,
61,
38,
8560,
12,
96,
127,
9,
3693,
15,
1686,
3693,
97,
6,
16,
2265,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
486,
125,
500,
47,
8,
1978,
774,
9327,
26,
38,
62,
214,
34,
469,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in Spain and heure d'été in France, whereas in Italy the term is ora legale, that is, legal time (legally enforced time) as opposed to "ora solare", solar time, in winter.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: At what point was the warm season termed as we know it today? | [
57,
28623,
1
] |
by 1911
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7825,
3258,
6,
237,
3,
99,
412,
3838,
19,
261,
22533,
6,
8,
1002,
341,
1457,
251,
30,
97,
10029,
12,
6549,
11837,
415,
97,
213,
34,
19,
906,
5,
1404,
1002,
16,
169,
469,
1247,
70,
833,
87,
715,
19868,
45,
331,
3,
9942,
45,
8,
27,
15610,
97,
2901,
3501,
92,
801,
38,
2901,
9583,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
1129,
8,
412,
3838,
11,
27,
15610,
6,
84,
80,
19,
29,
31,
17,
3,
9,
3501,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Of the UTC and IANA, which one isn't a database? | [
412,
3838,
1
] |
UTC
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7825,
3258,
6,
237,
3,
99,
412,
3838,
19,
261,
22533,
6,
8,
1002,
341,
1457,
251,
30,
97,
10029,
12,
6549,
11837,
415,
97,
213,
34,
19,
906,
5,
1404,
1002,
16,
169,
469,
1247,
70,
833,
87,
715,
19868,
45,
331,
3,
9942,
45,
8,
27,
15610,
97,
2901,
3501,
92,
801,
38,
2901,
9583,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
1129,
5128,
11,
97,
10029,
6,
125,
54,
36,
435,
16,
8,
27,
15610,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Of dates and time zones, what can be found in the IANA? | [
97,
2901,
1
] |
time zone
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7825,
3258,
6,
237,
3,
99,
412,
3838,
19,
261,
22533,
6,
8,
1002,
341,
1457,
251,
30,
97,
10029,
12,
6549,
11837,
415,
97,
213,
34,
19,
906,
5,
1404,
1002,
16,
169,
469,
1247,
70,
833,
87,
715,
19868,
45,
331,
3,
9942,
45,
8,
27,
15610,
97,
2901,
3501,
92,
801,
38,
2901,
9583,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
13095,
2901,
9583,
11,
412,
3838,
6,
84,
19,
8,
27,
15610,
3501,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Between zoneinfo and UTC, which is the IANA database? | [
2901,
9583,
1
] |
zoneinfo
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
20347,
10005,
43,
2953,
982,
5,
242,
677,
6,
274,
3105,
6,
309,
4209,
16,
3352,
10535,
284,
215,
11,
47,
26205,
26,
128,
203,
5,
1758,
11923,
261,
2219,
2024,
21,
7273,
163,
6,
3,
5885,
982,
16,
865,
203,
5,
86,
1758,
3,
3916,
6,
2803,
7027,
3352,
38,
59,
578,
309,
4209,
6,
19060,
9351,
1105,
12,
4108,
70,
1218,
6702,
7,
12616,
4394,
3,
9,
215,
5,
37,
3105,
9351,
1430,
2242,
19063,
2402,
2127,
24839,
2219,
338,
8,
6692,
4793,
68,
1758,
2901,
2073,
228,
59,
4221,
8,
2219,
31,
5128,
16,
3,
9,
215,
18,
77,
17631,
194,
5,
2180,
10646,
161,
15590,
7,
6,
84,
1817,
2894,
1361,
2749,
97,
7334,
7,
6,
1285,
12616,
14569,
2901,
2073,
334,
215,
11,
3,
9,
2803,
1464,
24,
17490,
10029,
3269,
5,
86,
7218,
3352,
3,
23579,
165,
24945,
4380,
97,
1315,
12,
8,
3,
26705,
23,
152,
4793,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
366,
410,
3352,
2031,
456,
338,
8,
309,
4209,
4793,
24,
8,
880,
13,
8,
296,
2284,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manually twice a year. The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law established predictable rules using the Jewish calendar but Windows zone files could not represent the rules' dates in a year-independent way. Partial workarounds, which mishandled older time stamps, included manually switching zone files every year and a Microsoft tool that switches zones automatically. In 2013, Israel standardized its daylight saving time according to the Gregorian calendar.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When did Israel finally start using the DST calendar that the rest of the world uses? | [
2038,
1
] |
2013
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
20347,
10005,
43,
2953,
982,
5,
242,
677,
6,
274,
3105,
6,
309,
4209,
16,
3352,
10535,
284,
215,
11,
47,
26205,
26,
128,
203,
5,
1758,
11923,
261,
2219,
2024,
21,
7273,
163,
6,
3,
5885,
982,
16,
865,
203,
5,
86,
1758,
3,
3916,
6,
2803,
7027,
3352,
38,
59,
578,
309,
4209,
6,
19060,
9351,
1105,
12,
4108,
70,
1218,
6702,
7,
12616,
4394,
3,
9,
215,
5,
37,
3105,
9351,
1430,
2242,
19063,
2402,
2127,
24839,
2219,
338,
8,
6692,
4793,
68,
1758,
2901,
2073,
228,
59,
4221,
8,
2219,
31,
5128,
16,
3,
9,
215,
18,
77,
17631,
194,
5,
2180,
10646,
161,
15590,
7,
6,
84,
1817,
2894,
1361,
2749,
97,
7334,
7,
6,
1285,
12616,
14569,
2901,
2073,
334,
215,
11,
3,
9,
2803,
1464,
24,
17490,
10029,
3269,
5,
86,
7218,
3352,
3,
23579,
165,
24945,
4380,
97,
1315,
12,
8,
3,
26705,
23,
152,
4793,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2645,
4393,
26,
12,
129,
8,
2699,
358,
79,
2832,
12,
161,
6549,
28,
3352,
7,
309,
4209,
3101,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manually twice a year. The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law established predictable rules using the Jewish calendar but Windows zone files could not represent the rules' dates in a year-independent way. Partial workarounds, which mishandled older time stamps, included manually switching zone files every year and a Microsoft tool that switches zones automatically. In 2013, Israel standardized its daylight saving time according to the Gregorian calendar.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who struggled to get the operating system they wrote to work correctly with Israels DST policies? | [
2803,
1
] |
Microsoft
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
20347,
10005,
43,
2953,
982,
5,
242,
677,
6,
274,
3105,
6,
309,
4209,
16,
3352,
10535,
284,
215,
11,
47,
26205,
26,
128,
203,
5,
1758,
11923,
261,
2219,
2024,
21,
7273,
163,
6,
3,
5885,
982,
16,
865,
203,
5,
86,
1758,
3,
3916,
6,
2803,
7027,
3352,
38,
59,
578,
309,
4209,
6,
19060,
9351,
1105,
12,
4108,
70,
1218,
6702,
7,
12616,
4394,
3,
9,
215,
5,
37,
3105,
9351,
1430,
2242,
19063,
2402,
2127,
24839,
2219,
338,
8,
6692,
4793,
68,
1758,
2901,
2073,
228,
59,
4221,
8,
2219,
31,
5128,
16,
3,
9,
215,
18,
77,
17631,
194,
5,
2180,
10646,
161,
15590,
7,
6,
84,
1817,
2894,
1361,
2749,
97,
7334,
7,
6,
1285,
12616,
14569,
2901,
2073,
334,
215,
11,
3,
9,
2803,
1464,
24,
17490,
10029,
3269,
5,
86,
7218,
3352,
3,
23579,
165,
24945,
4380,
97,
1315,
12,
8,
3,
26705,
23,
152,
4793,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
6783,
12,
7218,
125,
215,
410,
309,
4209,
161,
6549,
16,
1758,
21,
9351,
1105,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manually twice a year. The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law established predictable rules using the Jewish calendar but Windows zone files could not represent the rules' dates in a year-independent way. Partial workarounds, which mishandled older time stamps, included manually switching zone files every year and a Microsoft tool that switches zones automatically. In 2013, Israel standardized its daylight saving time according to the Gregorian calendar.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Prior to 2013, what year did DST work correctly in Windows for Israeli users? | [
7273,
1
] |
1995
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
8,
1566,
1612,
6,
8,
930,
13,
18191,
43,
118,
3,
9,
1989,
20859,
15,
1591,
21,
1499,
3471,
12334,
318,
17158,
250,
8,
14877,
6,
38,
19751,
6,
3480,
3,
9,
10710,
866,
13,
12338,
6,
11,
250,
8,
1941,
11,
8225,
13,
5874,
4784,
4182,
7,
13,
112,
930,
43,
373,
118,
5456,
3,
4931,
38,
20167,
5,
37,
5559,
13,
1499,
3471,
12334,
6,
2199,
5330,
1597,
11,
16097,
21,
930,
13,
1181,
10073,
63,
6,
8,
5214,
6,
11,
18191,
6,
43,
118,
2930,
12,
186,
930,
6,
3,
16878,
223,
2239,
7,
45,
8,
915,
12,
8,
3,
16454,
801,
1545,
2691,
6,
16,
10162,
32,
3013,
3690,
9,
11,
10438,
318,
9,
1059,
13,
81,
874,
3293,
35,
29,
23,
9,
5,
611,
6,
8,
917,
13,
1499,
3471,
12334,
12,
529,
18,
60,
2825,
2936,
930,
405,
59,
3,
1841,
5522,
8,
8936,
13,
5361,
5,
818,
19013,
65,
118,
4352,
3,
60,
6873,
757,
12,
1499,
3471,
12334,
6,
917,
13,
34,
12,
8,
6692,
41,
329,
9,
7,
127,
7578,
61,
30492,
11,
8,
2415,
52,
31,
152,
19,
6,
12,
8,
20,
208,
670,
6,
3808,
32,
32,
5,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
1686,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
4761,
1499,
6,
119,
145,
8,
30492,
11,
2415,
52,
31,
152,
6,
19,
2799,
16,
8,
1108,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed]",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which religious text, other than the Torah and Qur'an, is mentioned in the article? | [
8,
5214,
1
] |
the Bible
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
8,
1566,
1612,
6,
8,
930,
13,
18191,
43,
118,
3,
9,
1989,
20859,
15,
1591,
21,
1499,
3471,
12334,
318,
17158,
250,
8,
14877,
6,
38,
19751,
6,
3480,
3,
9,
10710,
866,
13,
12338,
6,
11,
250,
8,
1941,
11,
8225,
13,
5874,
4784,
4182,
7,
13,
112,
930,
43,
373,
118,
5456,
3,
4931,
38,
20167,
5,
37,
5559,
13,
1499,
3471,
12334,
6,
2199,
5330,
1597,
11,
16097,
21,
930,
13,
1181,
10073,
63,
6,
8,
5214,
6,
11,
18191,
6,
43,
118,
2930,
12,
186,
930,
6,
3,
16878,
223,
2239,
7,
45,
8,
915,
12,
8,
3,
16454,
801,
1545,
2691,
6,
16,
10162,
32,
3013,
3690,
9,
11,
10438,
318,
9,
1059,
13,
81,
874,
3293,
35,
29,
23,
9,
5,
611,
6,
8,
917,
13,
1499,
3471,
12334,
12,
529,
18,
60,
2825,
2936,
930,
405,
59,
3,
1841,
5522,
8,
8936,
13,
5361,
5,
818,
19013,
65,
118,
4352,
3,
60,
6873,
757,
12,
1499,
3471,
12334,
6,
917,
13,
34,
12,
8,
6692,
41,
329,
9,
7,
127,
7578,
61,
30492,
11,
8,
2415,
52,
31,
152,
19,
6,
12,
8,
20,
208,
670,
6,
3808,
32,
32,
5,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
1686,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
13,
8,
386,
4761,
2799,
16,
8,
1108,
405,
4486,
43,
3,
9,
682,
28,
1499,
3471,
12334,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed]",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which of the three religious mentioned in the article does NOT have a problem with textual criticism? | [
19013,
1
] |
Christianity
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
8,
1566,
1612,
6,
8,
930,
13,
18191,
43,
118,
3,
9,
1989,
20859,
15,
1591,
21,
1499,
3471,
12334,
318,
17158,
250,
8,
14877,
6,
38,
19751,
6,
3480,
3,
9,
10710,
866,
13,
12338,
6,
11,
250,
8,
1941,
11,
8225,
13,
5874,
4784,
4182,
7,
13,
112,
930,
43,
373,
118,
5456,
3,
4931,
38,
20167,
5,
37,
5559,
13,
1499,
3471,
12334,
6,
2199,
5330,
1597,
11,
16097,
21,
930,
13,
1181,
10073,
63,
6,
8,
5214,
6,
11,
18191,
6,
43,
118,
2930,
12,
186,
930,
6,
3,
16878,
223,
2239,
7,
45,
8,
915,
12,
8,
3,
16454,
801,
1545,
2691,
6,
16,
10162,
32,
3013,
3690,
9,
11,
10438,
318,
9,
1059,
13,
81,
874,
3293,
35,
29,
23,
9,
5,
611,
6,
8,
917,
13,
1499,
3471,
12334,
12,
529,
18,
60,
2825,
2936,
930,
405,
59,
3,
1841,
5522,
8,
8936,
13,
5361,
5,
818,
19013,
65,
118,
4352,
3,
60,
6873,
757,
12,
1499,
3471,
12334,
6,
917,
13,
34,
12,
8,
6692,
41,
329,
9,
7,
127,
7578,
61,
30492,
11,
8,
2415,
52,
31,
152,
19,
6,
12,
8,
20,
208,
670,
6,
3808,
32,
32,
5,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
1686,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
5570,
3,
9,
5562,
16,
8,
1108,
24,
65,
46,
962,
28,
1499,
3471,
12334,
5
] |
Given the following passage
"In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed]",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Name a religion in the article that has an issue with textual criticism. | [
6692,
1
] |
Jewish
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
4913,
930,
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38,
8,
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8,
6781,
20538,
7719,
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3,
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1183,
7,
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2024,
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906,
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3,
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8,
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16,
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84,
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833,
223,
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8,
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927,
189,
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535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
571,
54,
25,
1172,
8,
1499,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed] Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed. Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 7–8th centuries.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How can you improve the text? | [
3,
13903,
1
] |
citation
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
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930,
6,
224,
38,
8,
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8,
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7719,
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7905,
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3986,
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906,
908,
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33,
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6,
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6781,
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6,
3,
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80,
926,
6,
8,
822,
13,
823,
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6,
114,
8,
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7,
6,
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5,
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12334,
12,
8,
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31,
152,
65,
92,
1597,
227,
8,
9087,
13,
8,
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9,
31,
9,
14496,
7,
16,
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6,
84,
3673,
833,
223,
12,
8,
489,
104,
927,
189,
11653,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
2415,
52,
31,
152,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed] Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed. Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 7–8th centuries.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is Qur'an? | [
23438,
1335,
1
] |
biblical books
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
4913,
930,
6,
224,
38,
8,
5214,
11,
8,
6781,
20538,
7719,
6,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
7905,
16,
3986,
13,
8167,
6,
11,
8,
1675,
13,
284,
2405,
12,
8,
926,
164,
36,
19363,
5,
5027,
3471,
15120,
43,
5054,
26,
21,
11653,
84,
2836,
33,
167,
4799,
3,
9942,
45,
8,
926,
6,
10321,
84,
1183,
7,
16,
273,
2836,
33,
2024,
5,
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13903,
906,
908,
1875,
23438,
1335,
24,
33,
5487,
6,
114,
6781,
4805,
6,
3,
24745,
141,
80,
926,
6,
8,
822,
13,
823,
128,
23438,
1335,
6,
114,
8,
15654,
7,
6,
664,
141,
131,
80,
926,
65,
118,
5172,
5,
21230,
16,
6247,
1499,
3471,
12334,
12,
8,
2415,
52,
31,
152,
65,
92,
1597,
227,
8,
9087,
13,
8,
1051,
9,
31,
9,
14496,
7,
16,
16583,
6,
84,
3673,
833,
223,
12,
8,
489,
104,
927,
189,
11653,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
1051,
9,
31,
7,
14496,
7,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed] Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed. Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 7–8th centuries.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is Sana's manuscripts? | [
23438,
1335,
1
] |
biblical books
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
4913,
930,
6,
224,
38,
8,
5214,
11,
8,
6781,
20538,
7719,
6,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
7905,
16,
3986,
13,
8167,
6,
11,
8,
1675,
13,
284,
2405,
12,
8,
926,
164,
36,
19363,
5,
5027,
3471,
15120,
43,
5054,
26,
21,
11653,
84,
2836,
33,
167,
4799,
3,
9942,
45,
8,
926,
6,
10321,
84,
1183,
7,
16,
273,
2836,
33,
2024,
5,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
1875,
23438,
1335,
24,
33,
5487,
6,
114,
6781,
4805,
6,
3,
24745,
141,
80,
926,
6,
8,
822,
13,
823,
128,
23438,
1335,
6,
114,
8,
15654,
7,
6,
664,
141,
131,
80,
926,
65,
118,
5172,
5,
21230,
16,
6247,
1499,
3471,
12334,
12,
8,
2415,
52,
31,
152,
65,
92,
1597,
227,
8,
9087,
13,
8,
1051,
9,
31,
9,
14496,
7,
16,
16583,
6,
84,
3673,
833,
223,
12,
8,
489,
104,
927,
189,
11653,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
15654,
7,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed] Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed. Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 7–8th centuries.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is Gospels? | [
23438,
1335,
1
] |
biblical books
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
4913,
930,
6,
224,
38,
8,
5214,
11,
8,
6781,
20538,
7719,
6,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
7905,
16,
3986,
13,
8167,
6,
11,
8,
1675,
13,
284,
2405,
12,
8,
926,
164,
36,
19363,
5,
5027,
3471,
15120,
43,
5054,
26,
21,
11653,
84,
2836,
33,
167,
4799,
3,
9942,
45,
8,
926,
6,
10321,
84,
1183,
7,
16,
273,
2836,
33,
2024,
5,
6306,
13903,
906,
908,
1875,
23438,
1335,
24,
33,
5487,
6,
114,
6781,
4805,
6,
3,
24745,
141,
80,
926,
6,
8,
822,
13,
823,
128,
23438,
1335,
6,
114,
8,
15654,
7,
6,
664,
141,
131,
80,
926,
65,
118,
5172,
5,
21230,
16,
6247,
1499,
3471,
12334,
12,
8,
2415,
52,
31,
152,
65,
92,
1597,
227,
8,
9087,
13,
8,
1051,
9,
31,
9,
14496,
7,
16,
16583,
6,
84,
3673,
833,
223,
12,
8,
489,
104,
927,
189,
11653,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
103,
1499,
3471,
15120,
810,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed] Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed. Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 7–8th centuries.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What do textual scholars study? | [
4913,
930,
1
] |
ancient works
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
329,
9,
9,
7,
2622,
856,
24,
96,
188,
3,
12194,
257,
15760,
57,
8,
2291,
398,
36,
3,
12327,
38,
7072,
12,
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1280,
37,
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9,
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2992,
8,
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8,
166,
3,
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274,
136,
5679,
16,
8,
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5,
466,
3,
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19,
801,
38,
8,
11508,
15,
6137,
5,
96,
5801,
62,
7229,
16,
3,
12585,
8,
1499,
13,
784,
532,
11508,
15,
6137,
13679,
8,
6439,
17,
23,
32,
41,
60,
26471,
13,
8,
926,
61,
19,
15121,
2496,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
37,
14496,
7,
130,
125,
12,
36,
2930,
12,
186,
119,
9757,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the tradition. That exemplar is known as the archetype. "If we succeed in establishing the text of [the archetype], the constitutio (reconstruction of the original) is considerably advanced.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: The manuscripts were what to be applied to many other cultures? | [
2136,
1
] |
lack
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
329,
9,
9,
7,
2622,
856,
24,
96,
188,
3,
12194,
257,
15760,
57,
8,
2291,
398,
36,
3,
12327,
38,
7072,
12,
46,
29600,
14496,
1280,
37,
2136,
13,
29600,
14496,
7,
8275,
12,
186,
9757,
119,
145,
6781,
11,
3385,
5,
86,
224,
3,
9,
1419,
6,
3,
9,
843,
5997,
2992,
8,
10356,
13,
8,
166,
3,
26710,
274,
136,
5679,
16,
8,
4387,
5,
466,
3,
26710,
19,
801,
38,
8,
11508,
15,
6137,
5,
96,
5801,
62,
7229,
16,
3,
12585,
8,
1499,
13,
784,
532,
11508,
15,
6137,
13679,
8,
6439,
17,
23,
32,
41,
60,
26471,
13,
8,
926,
61,
19,
15121,
2496,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
5770,
2622,
281,
130,
21,
24,
71,
3,
12194,
257,
15760,
57,
8,
2291,
398,
36,
3,
12327,
38,
7072,
12,
46,
29600,
14496,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the tradition. That exemplar is known as the archetype. "If we succeed in establishing the text of [the archetype], the constitutio (reconstruction of the original) is considerably advanced.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Mass comments go were for that A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript? | [
856,
1
] |
further
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
329,
9,
9,
7,
2622,
856,
24,
96,
188,
3,
12194,
257,
15760,
57,
8,
2291,
398,
36,
3,
12327,
38,
7072,
12,
46,
29600,
14496,
1280,
37,
2136,
13,
29600,
14496,
7,
8275,
12,
186,
9757,
119,
145,
6781,
11,
3385,
5,
86,
224,
3,
9,
1419,
6,
3,
9,
843,
5997,
2992,
8,
10356,
13,
8,
166,
3,
26710,
274,
136,
5679,
16,
8,
4387,
5,
466,
3,
26710,
19,
801,
38,
8,
11508,
15,
6137,
5,
96,
5801,
62,
7229,
16,
3,
12585,
8,
1499,
13,
784,
532,
11508,
15,
6137,
13679,
8,
6439,
17,
23,
32,
41,
60,
26471,
13,
8,
926,
61,
19,
15121,
2496,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
86,
125,
1419,
19,
3,
9,
843,
5997,
2852,
8,
10356,
13,
8,
166,
3,
26710,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the tradition. That exemplar is known as the archetype. "If we succeed in establishing the text of [the archetype], the constitutio (reconstruction of the original) is considerably advanced.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: In what situation is a key objective becoming the identification of the first exemplar? | [
37,
2136,
13,
29600,
14496,
7,
1
] |
The lack of autograph manuscripts
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
10555,
3,
14622,
315,
2691,
6,
42,
96,
7820,
655,
15,
7,
1686,
13,
3,
9,
712,
6,
926,
1499,
6,
8,
6970,
5859,
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915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
3,
9,
6826,
1183,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant may have entered the text, either by accident (duplication or omission) or intention (harmonization or censorship), as scribes or supervisors transmitted the original author's text by copying it. The textual critic's task, therefore, is to sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be un-original, hence establishing a "critical text", or critical edition, that is intended to best approximate the original. At the same time, the critical text should document variant readings, so the relation of extant witnesses to the reconstructed original is apparent to a reader of the critical edition. In establishing the critical text, the textual critic considers both "external" evidence (the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness) and "internal" or "physical" considerations (what the author and scribes, or printers, were likely to have done).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is a variant reading? | [
366,
3,
14622,
315,
2691,
6,
42,
96,
7820,
655,
15,
7,
1686,
13,
3,
9,
712,
6,
926,
1499,
6,
8,
6970,
5859,
1
] |
When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences
|
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363,
2084,
19,
261,
38,
3,
9,
9641,
2234,
21,
6800,
7,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant may have entered the text, either by accident (duplication or omission) or intention (harmonization or censorship), as scribes or supervisors transmitted the original author's text by copying it. The textual critic's task, therefore, is to sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be un-original, hence establishing a "critical text", or critical edition, that is intended to best approximate the original. At the same time, the critical text should document variant readings, so the relation of extant witnesses to the reconstructed original is apparent to a reader of the critical edition. In establishing the critical text, the textual critic considers both "external" evidence (the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness) and "internal" or "physical" considerations (what the author and scribes, or printers, were likely to have done).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What evidence is used as a rubric for critics? | [
321,
96,
994,
2947,
138,
121,
2084,
41,
532,
1246,
6,
4162,
663,
6,
11,
24405,
13,
284,
9051,
61,
11,
96,
3870,
29,
138,
121,
42,
96,
21682,
121,
4587,
7,
1
] |
both "external" evidence (the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness) and "internal" or "physical" considerations
|
[
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826,
5454,
96,
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315,
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6,
42,
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655,
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32,
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61,
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5,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
571,
133,
3,
9,
2404,
4182,
36,
4187,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant may have entered the text, either by accident (duplication or omission) or intention (harmonization or censorship), as scribes or supervisors transmitted the original author's text by copying it. The textual critic's task, therefore, is to sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be un-original, hence establishing a "critical text", or critical edition, that is intended to best approximate the original. At the same time, the critical text should document variant readings, so the relation of extant witnesses to the reconstructed original is apparent to a reader of the critical edition. In establishing the critical text, the textual critic considers both "external" evidence (the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness) and "internal" or "physical" considerations (what the author and scribes, or printers, were likely to have done).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How would a critical edition be determined? | [
1843,
190,
8,
6826,
7,
6,
17323,
273,
167,
952,
12,
36,
73,
18,
21878,
1
] |
sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be un-original
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
96,
10555,
3,
14622,
315,
2691,
6,
42,
96,
7820,
655,
15,
7,
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13,
3,
9,
712,
6,
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94,
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31,
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5,
37,
433,
13,
1499,
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12334,
2762,
7,
12,
3209,
149,
284,
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164,
43,
5136,
8,
1499,
6,
893,
57,
3125,
41,
1259,
13555,
42,
3,
32,
5451,
61,
42,
8762,
41,
17178,
106,
1707,
42,
3,
25486,
2009,
201,
38,
3,
19308,
7,
42,
14640,
7,
19751,
8,
926,
2291,
31,
7,
1499,
57,
2405,
53,
34,
5,
37,
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3471,
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24,
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363,
19,
8,
4689,
13,
3,
9,
2404,
4182,
12,
46,
926,
1499,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant may have entered the text, either by accident (duplication or omission) or intention (harmonization or censorship), as scribes or supervisors transmitted the original author's text by copying it. The textual critic's task, therefore, is to sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be un-original, hence establishing a "critical text", or critical edition, that is intended to best approximate the original. At the same time, the critical text should document variant readings, so the relation of extant witnesses to the reconstructed original is apparent to a reader of the critical edition. In establishing the critical text, the textual critic considers both "external" evidence (the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness) and "internal" or "physical" considerations (what the author and scribes, or printers, were likely to have done).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the relation of a critical edition to an original text? | [
19,
3855,
12,
200,
24672,
8,
926,
1
] |
is intended to best approximate the original
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
10555,
3,
14622,
315,
2691,
6,
42,
96,
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655,
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7,
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13,
3,
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42,
3,
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3,
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7,
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2404,
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24,
19,
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12,
200,
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8,
926,
5,
486,
8,
337,
97,
6,
8,
2404,
1499,
225,
1708,
6826,
1183,
7,
6,
78,
8,
4689,
13,
1215,
3672,
20837,
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8,
3,
60,
30816,
926,
19,
10320,
12,
3,
9,
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13,
8,
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5,
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3,
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6,
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41,
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11,
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13,
284,
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61,
11,
96,
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29,
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121,
42,
96,
21682,
121,
4587,
7,
41,
9170,
8,
2291,
11,
3,
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7,
6,
42,
6454,
7,
6,
130,
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43,
612,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
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24,
8,
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
2691,
33,
1316,
16,
6800,
2610,
1499,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant may have entered the text, either by accident (duplication or omission) or intention (harmonization or censorship), as scribes or supervisors transmitted the original author's text by copying it. The textual critic's task, therefore, is to sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be un-original, hence establishing a "critical text", or critical edition, that is intended to best approximate the original. At the same time, the critical text should document variant readings, so the relation of extant witnesses to the reconstructed original is apparent to a reader of the critical edition. In establishing the critical text, the textual critic considers both "external" evidence (the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness) and "internal" or "physical" considerations (what the author and scribes, or printers, were likely to have done).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What documents are necessary in criticizing text? | [
6826,
1183,
7,
1
] |
variant readings
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
3524,
4992,
7,
6,
6269,
51,
1863,
42,
6269,
3357,
1863,
19,
3,
9,
17577,
1295,
12,
1499,
3471,
12334,
5,
12345,
325,
524,
2434,
18360,
4271,
104,
21594,
6982,
6891,
9859,
12,
492,
48,
1573,
2581,
6,
237,
713,
3,
88,
410,
59,
16,
2169,
34,
5,
37,
1573,
1217,
165,
564,
45,
8,
1448,
6269,
51,
9,
5,
37,
22239,
6781,
1448,
3,
2,
11,
165,
2289,
6051,
16,
11702,
6271,
6269,
3357,
9,
164,
2401,
12,
96,
15474,
3124,
1280,
100,
806,
2530,
1267,
8,
3079,
13,
8,
3,
22279,
20837,
41,
532,
166,
801,
677,
13,
224,
3,
9,
6269,
51,
9,
6,
3,
22154,
28,
8,
564,
6,
5128,
45,
507,
2555,
137,
37,
384,
2195,
19,
92,
3,
4822,
12,
38,
3,
9,
3,
4651,
26,
16275,
5,
37,
1573,
930,
45,
8,
8454,
24,
96,
18782,
485,
13,
3505,
18841,
573,
13,
5233,
535,
466,
19,
6,
3,
99,
192,
20837,
43,
3,
9,
381,
13,
6854,
16,
1017,
6,
34,
164,
36,
26451,
26,
24,
79,
130,
3,
9942,
45,
3,
9,
1017,
18957,
1391,
6,
718,
3,
9,
3,
13397,
7064,
15,
6137,
5,
16541,
344,
8,
1513,
18957,
7,
33,
4187,
57,
8,
337,
433,
6,
9308,
66,
1215,
3672,
14496,
7,
16,
3,
9,
384,
2195,
42,
6269,
51,
9,
10763,
23,
6361,
20,
28394,
45,
3,
9,
712,
11508,
15,
6137,
5,
37,
433,
13,
3,
24246,
8,
6269,
51,
9,
19,
718,
29960,
23,
106,
6,
42,
8,
6271,
29960,
23,
32,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
366,
47,
8,
388,
113,
263,
6269,
4992,
7,
1012,
6,
2170,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to "family trees". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that "community of error implies community of origin." That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When was the man who made stemmatics popular, born? | [
1003,
4271,
1
] |
1793
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
3524,
4992,
7,
6,
6269,
51,
1863,
42,
6269,
3357,
1863,
19,
3,
9,
17577,
1295,
12,
1499,
3471,
12334,
5,
12345,
325,
524,
2434,
18360,
4271,
104,
21594,
6982,
6891,
9859,
12,
492,
48,
1573,
2581,
6,
237,
713,
3,
88,
410,
59,
16,
2169,
34,
5,
37,
1573,
1217,
165,
564,
45,
8,
1448,
6269,
51,
9,
5,
37,
22239,
6781,
1448,
3,
2,
11,
165,
2289,
6051,
16,
11702,
6271,
6269,
3357,
9,
164,
2401,
12,
96,
15474,
3124,
1280,
100,
806,
2530,
1267,
8,
3079,
13,
8,
3,
22279,
20837,
41,
532,
166,
801,
677,
13,
224,
3,
9,
6269,
51,
9,
6,
3,
22154,
28,
8,
564,
6,
5128,
45,
507,
2555,
137,
37,
384,
2195,
19,
92,
3,
4822,
12,
38,
3,
9,
3,
4651,
26,
16275,
5,
37,
1573,
930,
45,
8,
8454,
24,
96,
18782,
485,
13,
3505,
18841,
573,
13,
5233,
535,
466,
19,
6,
3,
99,
192,
20837,
43,
3,
9,
381,
13,
6854,
16,
1017,
6,
34,
164,
36,
26451,
26,
24,
79,
130,
3,
9942,
45,
3,
9,
1017,
18957,
1391,
6,
718,
3,
9,
3,
13397,
7064,
15,
6137,
5,
16541,
344,
8,
1513,
18957,
7,
33,
4187,
57,
8,
337,
433,
6,
9308,
66,
1215,
3672,
14496,
7,
16,
3,
9,
384,
2195,
42,
6269,
51,
9,
10763,
23,
6361,
20,
28394,
45,
3,
9,
712,
11508,
15,
6137,
5,
37,
433,
13,
3,
24246,
8,
6269,
51,
9,
19,
718,
29960,
23,
106,
6,
42,
8,
6271,
29960,
23,
32,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
3963,
325,
524,
348,
67,
16,
507,
5553,
42,
1003,
4271,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to "family trees". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that "community of error implies community of origin." That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Did Lachman die in 1851 or 1793? | [
507,
5553,
1
] |
1851
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
134,
3524,
4992,
7,
6,
6269,
51,
1863,
42,
6269,
3357,
1863,
19,
3,
9,
17577,
1295,
12,
1499,
3471,
12334,
5,
12345,
325,
524,
2434,
18360,
4271,
104,
21594,
6982,
6891,
9859,
12,
492,
48,
1573,
2581,
6,
237,
713,
3,
88,
410,
59,
16,
2169,
34,
5,
37,
1573,
1217,
165,
564,
45,
8,
1448,
6269,
51,
9,
5,
37,
22239,
6781,
1448,
3,
2,
11,
165,
2289,
6051,
16,
11702,
6271,
6269,
3357,
9,
164,
2401,
12,
96,
15474,
3124,
1280,
100,
806,
2530,
1267,
8,
3079,
13,
8,
3,
22279,
20837,
41,
532,
166,
801,
677,
13,
224,
3,
9,
6269,
51,
9,
6,
3,
22154,
28,
8,
564,
6,
5128,
45,
507,
2555,
137,
37,
384,
2195,
19,
92,
3,
4822,
12,
38,
3,
9,
3,
4651,
26,
16275,
5,
37,
1573,
930,
45,
8,
8454,
24,
96,
18782,
485,
13,
3505,
18841,
573,
13,
5233,
535,
466,
19,
6,
3,
99,
192,
20837,
43,
3,
9,
381,
13,
6854,
16,
1017,
6,
34,
164,
36,
26451,
26,
24,
79,
130,
3,
9942,
45,
3,
9,
1017,
18957,
1391,
6,
718,
3,
9,
3,
13397,
7064,
15,
6137,
5,
16541,
344,
8,
1513,
18957,
7,
33,
4187,
57,
8,
337,
433,
6,
9308,
66,
1215,
3672,
14496,
7,
16,
3,
9,
384,
2195,
42,
6269,
51,
9,
10763,
23,
6361,
20,
28394,
45,
3,
9,
712,
11508,
15,
6137,
5,
37,
433,
13,
3,
24246,
8,
6269,
51,
9,
19,
718,
29960,
23,
106,
6,
42,
8,
6271,
29960,
23,
32,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
3,
9,
1012,
1464,
21,
3,
663,
7,
8224,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to "family trees". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that "community of error implies community of origin." That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is a popular tool for ancestry? | [
384,
2195,
1
] |
family tree
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
2092,
8,
1059,
45,
8388,
12,
8558,
17579,
4373,
12744,
70,
7749,
30,
204,
3914,
9194,
117,
17579,
3224,
2456,
435,
8,
6562,
24125,
16,
66,
68,
305,
1488,
6,
16,
5839,
13,
8,
305,
1488,
130,
151,
21372,
5,
15718,
13521,
6,
3,
9,
5812,
13,
4336,
4831,
44,
8,
636,
13,
19074,
29518,
243,
8,
381,
13,
6562,
435,
12,
36,
73,
4998,
3676,
47,
96,
7,
302,
6174,
23,
11937,
731,
535,
86,
8,
337,
97,
1059,
6,
8,
17579,
21372,
4261,
151,
6,
2861,
13,
4068,
3977,
117,
8,
17579,
435,
66,
4261,
5262,
7,
12,
36,
24125,
5,
3,
21322,
6,
383,
8,
1059,
45,
2722,
12,
8,
915,
6,
66,
5262,
7,
57,
17579,
4373,
43,
118,
435,
12,
36,
24125,
57,
3224,
4962,
5,
86,
3,
9,
4407,
495,
16,
10271,
6,
46,
16679,
388,
47,
2538,
6,
11,
865,
1866,
1514,
13606,
770,
57,
8,
17579,
227,
4373,
1817,
235,
1825,
376,
21,
3,
9,
2137,
3,
5840,
1152,
117,
8,
3224,
4962,
435,
24,
8,
5262,
47,
24125,
6,
3,
390,
30,
8,
388,
31,
7,
2874,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
410,
8,
17579,
4279,
966,
3147,
648,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unjustified was "suspiciously low." In the same time period, the FBI wounded 150 people, 70 of whom died; the FBI found all 150 shootings to be justified. Likewise, during the period from 2011 to the present, all shootings by FBI agents have been found to be justified by internal investigation. In a 2002 case in Maryland, an innocent man was shot, and later paid $1.3 million by the FBI after agents mistook him for a bank robber; the internal investigation found that the shooting was justified, based on the man's actions.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What did the FBI shoot almost 300 times? | [
70,
7749,
1
] |
their weapons
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
2092,
8,
1059,
45,
8388,
12,
8558,
17579,
4373,
12744,
70,
7749,
30,
204,
3914,
9194,
117,
17579,
3224,
2456,
435,
8,
6562,
24125,
16,
66,
68,
305,
1488,
6,
16,
5839,
13,
8,
305,
1488,
130,
151,
21372,
5,
15718,
13521,
6,
3,
9,
5812,
13,
4336,
4831,
44,
8,
636,
13,
19074,
29518,
243,
8,
381,
13,
6562,
435,
12,
36,
73,
4998,
3676,
47,
96,
7,
302,
6174,
23,
11937,
731,
535,
86,
8,
337,
97,
1059,
6,
8,
17579,
21372,
4261,
151,
6,
2861,
13,
4068,
3977,
117,
8,
17579,
435,
66,
4261,
5262,
7,
12,
36,
24125,
5,
3,
21322,
6,
383,
8,
1059,
45,
2722,
12,
8,
915,
6,
66,
5262,
7,
57,
17579,
4373,
43,
118,
435,
12,
36,
24125,
57,
3224,
4962,
5,
86,
3,
9,
4407,
495,
16,
10271,
6,
46,
16679,
388,
47,
2538,
6,
11,
865,
1866,
1514,
13606,
770,
57,
8,
17579,
227,
4373,
1817,
235,
1825,
376,
21,
3,
9,
2137,
3,
5840,
1152,
117,
8,
3224,
4962,
435,
24,
8,
5262,
47,
24125,
6,
3,
390,
30,
8,
388,
31,
7,
2874,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
571,
410,
8,
17579,
143,
95,
21,
70,
6202,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unjustified was "suspiciously low." In the same time period, the FBI wounded 150 people, 70 of whom died; the FBI found all 150 shootings to be justified. Likewise, during the period from 2011 to the present, all shootings by FBI agents have been found to be justified by internal investigation. In a 2002 case in Maryland, an innocent man was shot, and later paid $1.3 million by the FBI after agents mistook him for a bank robber; the internal investigation found that the shooting was justified, based on the man's actions.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How did the FBI make up for their mistake? | [
1866,
1514,
13606,
770,
1
] |
paid $1.3 million
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
2092,
8,
1059,
45,
8388,
12,
8558,
17579,
4373,
12744,
70,
7749,
30,
204,
3914,
9194,
117,
17579,
3224,
2456,
435,
8,
6562,
24125,
16,
66,
68,
305,
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6,
16,
5839,
13,
8,
305,
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130,
151,
21372,
5,
15718,
13521,
6,
3,
9,
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13,
4336,
4831,
44,
8,
636,
13,
19074,
29518,
243,
8,
381,
13,
6562,
435,
12,
36,
73,
4998,
3676,
47,
96,
7,
302,
6174,
23,
11937,
731,
535,
86,
8,
337,
97,
1059,
6,
8,
17579,
21372,
4261,
151,
6,
2861,
13,
4068,
3977,
117,
8,
17579,
435,
66,
4261,
5262,
7,
12,
36,
24125,
5,
3,
21322,
6,
383,
8,
1059,
45,
2722,
12,
8,
915,
6,
66,
5262,
7,
57,
17579,
4373,
43,
118,
435,
12,
36,
24125,
57,
3224,
4962,
5,
86,
3,
9,
4407,
495,
16,
10271,
6,
46,
16679,
388,
47,
2538,
6,
11,
865,
1866,
1514,
13606,
770,
57,
8,
17579,
227,
4373,
1817,
235,
1825,
376,
21,
3,
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3472,
2458,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unjustified was "suspiciously low." In the same time period, the FBI wounded 150 people, 70 of whom died; the FBI found all 150 shootings to be justified. Likewise, during the period from 2011 to the present, all shootings by FBI agents have been found to be justified by internal investigation. In a 2002 case in Maryland, an innocent man was shot, and later paid $1.3 million by the FBI after agents mistook him for a bank robber; the internal investigation found that the shooting was justified, based on the man's actions.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was Sam's educational background? | [
4336,
4831,
1
] |
criminal justice
|
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37,
5491,
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11,
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8,
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19,
1069,
213,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: The Computer Analysis and Response unit of the FBI is located where? | [
446,
5,
27151,
1546,
1890,
5450,
1
] |
J. Edgar Hoover Building
|
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5,
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10,
363,
33,
8,
711,
1308,
13,
1693,
2012,
57,
8,
17579,
19474,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What are the main types of analysis completed by the FBI Laboratory? | [
6642,
6,
11432,
6,
11,
1722,
161,
1
] |
DNA, biological, and physical work
|
[
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24,
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915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
366,
47,
8,
17579,
19474,
2127,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When was the FBI Laboratory established? | [
2127,
28,
8,
3239,
13,
8,
10842,
196,
1
] |
established with the formation of the BOI
|
[
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19,
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
86,
879,
6,
125,
19,
8,
1108,
81,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: In general, what is the article about? | [
17579,
19474,
1
] |
FBI Laboratory
|
[
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8,
826,
5454,
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6,
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28,
8,
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196,
6,
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59,
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16,
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5,
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7,
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6,
3,
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41,
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5491,
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6,
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10582,
6,
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7,
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363,
773,
13,
2268,
364,
405,
8,
17579,
19474,
462,
12,
973,
7961,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What kind of technical services does the FBI Laboratory offer to law enforcement? | [
21299,
6,
3,
28257,
6642,
11507,
2149,
41,
5911,
15438,
201,
5491,
10582,
11,
16361,
6,
6642,
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6,
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6,
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7,
8763,
6,
3655,
6768,
7,
11,
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6,
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35,
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7,
447,
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447,
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6,
242,
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447,
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4017,
6,
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16158,
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6,
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3268,
11,
24383,
757,
16297,
7,
6,
325,
4669,
6763,
7,
6,
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10582,
6,
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15,
26,
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7,
6,
24688,
15,
17,
15,
49,
53,
11547,
6,
3608,
15278,
447,
10582,
6,
472,
11783,
17,
9709,
1642,
6,
11,
3083,
565,
24122,
1
] |
Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence
|
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6
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Given the following passage
"The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the main, usually foreign crime related to September 11th investigated under the Patriot Act, | [
3,
14389,
1
] |
terrorism
|
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17579,
405,
59,
174,
3,
9,
11741,
12,
103,
125,
30,
12787,
5
] |
Given the following passage
"The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Under the Patriot Act, the FBI does not need a warrant to do what on premises. | [
960,
3,
9,
629,
1
] |
search a house
|
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2523,
31,
7,
4356,
2066,
4962,
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128,
13,
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7,
5
] |
Given the following passage
"The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What provision did the FBI use on Donald Trump's election campaign investigation on some of his advisors. | [
4107,
17,
9,
5341,
1
] |
wiretapping
|
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13,
4798,
16,
8,
837,
12,
1879,
1428,
165,
5962,
47,
718,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: The act of banning the sale and distribution of alcohol in the US to overall reduce its consumption was called? | [
749,
13506,
1575,
1
] |
Prohibition
|
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5,
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10,
37,
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13,
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53,
3,
9,
18701,
42,
1126,
1407,
16,
3,
9,
562,
12,
1368,
3,
9,
3634,
19,
718,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: The act of concealing a microphone or similar device in a room to record a conversation is called? | [
8143,
3896,
1
] |
bugging
|
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18022,
3,
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17,
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13,
5351,
12,
3,
9,
3634,
6,
68,
34,
410,
59,
19551,
125,
1041,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: The federal law described in the text that passed in 1934 prohibited a specific covert act of listening to a conversation, but it did not prohibit what action? | [
8143,
3896,
1
] |
bugging
|
[
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3,
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8,
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24,
141,
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6,
4442,
2804,
8,
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1983,
6,
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7,
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3,
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19,
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441,
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5,
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10,
363,
294,
13,
8,
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281,
624,
297,
358,
2082,
7,
3,
99,
3786,
42,
7200,
33,
18896,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What part of the US goverment system determines if laws or bills are constitutional? | [
8531,
2243,
1
] |
Supreme Court
|
[
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37,
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2822,
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313,
24,
12162,
7,
4422,
807,
38,
8560,
12,
1038,
807,
19,
718,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: The US federal security service that oversees domestic issues as opposed to international issues is called? | [
17579,
1
] |
FBI
|
[
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10,
366,
410,
205,
683,
4555,
4797,
3,
9,
7944,
11,
23812,
1128,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When did CJIS establish a brick and mortar location? | [
7273,
1
] |
1995
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
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2784,
1799,
41,
254,
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61,
6022,
6,
19,
1069,
16,
8265,
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6,
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5,
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53,
41,
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3,
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331,
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3,
9,
1391,
21,
70,
293,
17032,
11,
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12,
8,
3501,
338,
2451,
5030,
5,
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795,
175,
1339,
13,
8732,
10356,
11,
251,
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6,
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8,
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822,
5,
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24,
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19,
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
571,
19,
8,
1561,
2690,
12,
4336,
4831,
4299,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How is the complex helpful to criminal justice agencies? | [
1404,
538,
11,
415,
4299,
169,
175,
331,
1002,
38,
3,
9,
1391,
21,
70,
293,
17032,
11,
4139,
12,
8,
3501,
338,
2451,
5030,
1
] |
Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
20383,
6923,
2784,
1799,
41,
254,
683,
4555,
61,
6022,
6,
19,
1069,
16,
8265,
7289,
6,
1244,
5382,
5,
18190,
1601,
1849,
16,
9957,
6,
8,
828,
2946,
16,
7273,
38,
8,
19147,
3193,
4889,
5,
37,
1561,
19,
8,
2475,
13,
386,
3370,
4120,
5,
94,
795,
3,
9,
711,
22109,
21,
251,
16,
796,
331,
1002,
5,
3526,
8,
2955,
13,
8,
205,
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33,
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4666,
201,
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3750,
53,
41,
6463,
448,
201,
16625,
7260,
31474,
6,
3,
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23672,
15,
26,
16625,
7260,
31474,
2149,
41,
196,
6282,
4555,
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9187,
4666,
2766,
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8,
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12,
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6,
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6,
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973,
7961,
4299,
535,
6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
331,
358,
629,
26,
365,
8,
205,
683,
4555,
1561,
405,
59,
281,
57,
46,
703,
1999,
2099,
257,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which data system housed under the CJIS complex does not go by an abbreviation? | [
16625,
7260,
31474,
1
] |
Fingerprint Identification
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
17579,
2090,
19,
1966,
21,
8,
239,
18,
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18,
1135,
2673,
44,
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12,
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13,
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2825,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
8,
711,
589,
24,
8,
2090,
405,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents. Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who in turn reports to the President.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the main thing that the director does? | [
239,
18,
235,
18,
1135,
2673,
1
] |
day-to-day operations
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
17579,
2090,
19,
1966,
21,
8,
239,
18,
235,
18,
1135,
2673,
44,
8,
17579,
5,
8529,
28,
112,
20,
2562,
725,
6,
8,
2090,
656,
417,
1488,
11,
2673,
33,
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6549,
5,
37,
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92,
19,
16,
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13,
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417,
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13,
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6036,
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3,
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4373,
5,
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159,
51,
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30,
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12,
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13,
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41,
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201,
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6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2645,
405,
8,
17579,
2090,
934,
12,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents. Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who in turn reports to the President.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who does the FBI director report to? | [
8,
1661,
1
] |
the President
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
17579,
2090,
19,
1966,
21,
8,
239,
18,
235,
18,
1135,
2673,
44,
8,
17579,
5,
8529,
28,
112,
20,
2562,
725,
6,
8,
2090,
656,
417,
1488,
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33,
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5,
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92,
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16,
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417,
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16,
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80,
13,
8,
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1057,
6036,
19,
3,
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28,
4717,
4373,
5,
3103,
8,
5869,
2825,
1433,
18490,
11,
332,
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159,
51,
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1983,
47,
2804,
16,
8,
7178,
13,
8,
1600,
850,
6032,
6,
8,
17579,
2090,
133,
1461,
4456,
8,
1661,
13,
8,
907,
1323,
30,
136,
807,
24,
7931,
45,
441,
8,
17579,
5,
1541,
258,
6,
8,
2090,
230,
2279,
12,
8,
2578,
13,
868,
5869,
2825,
1433,
41,
308,
6197,
201,
113,
16,
919,
2279,
12,
8,
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11860,
10,
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9694,
113,
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7,
8,
2753,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents. Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who in turn reports to the President.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: After September 11, who briefs the president? | [
2578,
13,
868,
5869,
2825,
1433,
1
] |
Director of National Intelligence
|
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1615,
429,
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59,
43,
1800,
1346,
300,
4594,
32,
7,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Why might you not have felt safe around Campos? | [
3,
21217,
386,
648,
16,
2135,
28,
18443,
6032,
30,
837,
789,
4298,
1
] |
convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials
|
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429,
25,
59,
43,
1800,
1346,
300,
4594,
32,
7,
16,
806,
2736,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Why might you not have felt safe around Campos in specific detail? | [
41,
4302,
7,
2388,
4710,
12,
147,
189,
3623,
8,
789,
13,
8,
907,
1323,
201,
16,
10247,
41,
144,
22765,
7738,
201,
11,
16,
24970,
41,
10245,
46,
3,
8715,
12710,
30,
8,
837,
1384,
13,
13517,
7,
298,
16,
2363,
1
] |
(Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session
|
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410,
8,
17579,
853,
4921,
8,
2488,
31,
7,
9683,
16,
8,
14461,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: How did the FBI classify the leader's involvement in the crimes? | [
891,
23,
1000,
4594,
32,
7,
47,
1702,
8,
2325,
14481,
1
] |
Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind
|
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
263,
424,
24,
47,
7752,
801,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What made something that was unknown known? | [
14179,
13,
2784,
1983,
1
] |
Freedom of Information Act
|
[
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96,
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441,
8,
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10,
125,
19,
8,
336,
563,
2799,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI. Numerous files were taken and distributed to a range of newspapers, including The Harvard Crimson. The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin. The country was "jolted" by the revelations, which included assassinations of political activists, and the actions were denounced by members of Congress, including House Majority Leader Hale Boggs. The phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what is the last group mentioned? | [
4442,
1
] |
Congress
|
[
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826,
5454,
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6,
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3,
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915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
19,
8,
166,
286,
2799,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI. Numerous files were taken and distributed to a range of newspapers, including The Harvard Crimson. The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin. The country was "jolted" by the revelations, which included assassinations of political activists, and the actions were denounced by members of Congress, including House Majority Leader Hale Boggs. The phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what is the first place mentioned? | [
4326,
828,
1
] |
residential office
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
1332,
17961,
6,
8,
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828,
13,
46,
17579,
3102,
16,
3159,
6,
8913,
47,
26647,
1601,
57,
3,
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1402,
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15,
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84,
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44,
3,
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915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
19,
8,
166,
563,
2799,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI. Numerous files were taken and distributed to a range of newspapers, including The Harvard Crimson. The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin. The country was "jolted" by the revelations, which included assassinations of political activists, and the actions were denounced by members of Congress, including House Majority Leader Hale Boggs. The phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what is the first group mentioned? | [
17579,
1
] |
FBI
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
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7,
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915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
19,
8,
336,
538,
2799,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI. Numerous files were taken and distributed to a range of newspapers, including The Harvard Crimson. The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin. The country was "jolted" by the revelations, which included assassinations of political activists, and the actions were denounced by members of Congress, including House Majority Leader Hale Boggs. The phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what is the last state mentioned? | [
10212,
1
] |
Wisconsin
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
1570,
1332,
17961,
6,
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828,
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3102,
16,
3159,
6,
8913,
47,
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1601,
57,
3,
9,
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478,
6,
84,
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139,
1342,
13,
9495,
5169,
318,
5751,
3,
9,
1001,
1236,
563,
44,
3,
9,
8913,
2716,
1900,
11,
8,
3062,
13,
4442,
348,
7780,
419,
302,
7,
13,
10212,
5,
37,
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47,
96,
1927,
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121,
57,
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6,
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13,
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11,
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26,
57,
724,
13,
4442,
6,
379,
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9236,
485,
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15,
24586,
122,
7,
5,
37,
7219,
13,
128,
724,
13,
4442,
6,
379,
24586,
122,
7,
6,
141,
3,
18280,
118,
3,
27267,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
125,
47,
8,
336,
605,
2799,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI. Numerous files were taken and distributed to a range of newspapers, including The Harvard Crimson. The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin. The country was "jolted" by the revelations, which included assassinations of political activists, and the actions were denounced by members of Congress, including House Majority Leader Hale Boggs. The phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: what was the last event mentioned? | [
7219,
13,
128,
724,
13,
4442,
6,
379,
24586,
122,
7,
6,
141,
3,
18280,
118,
3,
27267,
1
] |
phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped
|
[
9246,
8,
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17,
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11860,
10,
363,
773,
13,
23995,
130,
1026,
147,
57,
8,
12873,
7,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What kind of territories were taken over by the Soviets? | [
11654,
1
] |
Islands
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
188,
17,
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414,
13,
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915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
9102,
3,
12519,
8,
11654,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What army occupied the Islands? | [
12873,
1
] |
Soviet
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
188,
17,
8,
414,
13,
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11860,
10,
363,
410,
8,
78,
5914,
17,
12673,
103,
28,
8,
12098,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What did the soviet troops do with the islands? | [
492,
135,
294,
13,
8,
391,
7016,
6857,
1
] |
making them part of the RSFSR
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
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17,
8,
414,
13,
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8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
19,
8,
684,
16,
11044,
28,
3411,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What is the country in dispute with Japan? | [
391,
7016,
6857,
1
] |
RSFSR
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
188,
17,
8,
414,
13,
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1602,
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8,
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5,
11860,
10,
3,
2092,
84,
294,
13,
8,
615,
410,
8,
12873,
7,
3,
20817,
12098,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: During which part of the war did the Soviets occupy islands? | [
8,
414,
1
] |
the end
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
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1882,
14105,
9957,
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8,
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
2817,
30,
3,
9,
9443,
3591,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What happened on a celebrated birthday? | [
1895,
17668,
1
] |
existing constitution
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7638,
1882,
14105,
9957,
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826,
8,
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13,
8,
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3545,
6,
8,
20237,
47,
3,
60,
4350,
26,
8,
4263,
14828,
6,
84,
34,
3048,
12,
48,
239,
5,
100,
564,
11,
96,
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121,
130,
7173,
38,
8,
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538,
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16,
8,
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12026,
9047,
12123,
12,
8,
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11,
130,
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38,
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16,
8,
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13,
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6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
906,
12,
36,
2130,
16,
455,
21,
8,
564,
12,
36,
1281,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What needed to be changed in order for the name to be legal? | [
12123,
12,
8,
1895,
17668,
1
] |
amendment to the existing constitution
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7638,
1882,
14105,
9957,
6,
826,
8,
11612,
13,
8,
12873,
3545,
6,
8,
20237,
47,
3,
60,
4350,
26,
8,
4263,
14828,
6,
84,
34,
3048,
12,
48,
239,
5,
100,
564,
11,
96,
29613,
121,
130,
7173,
38,
8,
2314,
538,
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16,
8,
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9047,
12123,
12,
8,
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11,
130,
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38,
224,
16,
8,
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13,
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6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
2817,
1084,
8896,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What happened near Easter? | [
100,
564,
11,
96,
29613,
121,
130,
7173,
38,
8,
2314,
538,
3056,
16,
8,
1186,
12026,
9047,
1
] |
This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7638,
1882,
14105,
9957,
6,
826,
8,
11612,
13,
8,
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3545,
6,
8,
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47,
3,
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19,
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441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
47,
2697,
116,
8,
11378,
47,
1545,
16,
8388,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was kept when the Constitution was written in 1993? | [
2314,
538,
3056,
1
] |
official state names
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
2127,
30,
1671,
7973,
25439,
41,
28680,
12197,
61,
38,
3,
9,
26800,
538,
5,
37,
166,
11378,
47,
7546,
16,
21402,
5,
86,
957,
2884,
8,
4263,
3,
7016,
6857,
3814,
8,
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63,
30,
8,
24589,
13,
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535,
6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
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24,
8,
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19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
47,
8,
741,
13,
8,
1797,
9481,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was the result of the October revolution? | [
37,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
2127,
30,
1671,
7973,
25439,
41,
28680,
12197,
61,
38,
3,
9,
26800,
538,
1
] |
The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
2127,
30,
1671,
7973,
25439,
41,
28680,
12197,
61,
38,
3,
9,
26800,
538,
5,
37,
166,
11378,
47,
7546,
16,
21402,
5,
86,
957,
2884,
8,
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3,
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3814,
8,
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63,
30,
8,
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13,
8,
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6857,
535,
6,
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8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
47,
990,
8,
416,
215,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What was created the next year? | [
37,
166,
11378,
1
] |
The first Constitution
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
634,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
2127,
30,
1671,
7973,
25439,
41,
28680,
12197,
61,
38,
3,
9,
26800,
538,
5,
37,
166,
11378,
47,
7546,
16,
21402,
5,
86,
957,
2884,
8,
4263,
3,
7016,
6857,
3814,
8,
16494,
63,
30,
8,
24589,
13,
8,
837,
6857,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
2645,
47,
8,
1426,
13,
8,
957,
2884,
2665,
63,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Who was the subject of the 1922 treaty? | [
8,
837,
6857,
1
] |
the USSR
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
6266,
16,
4623,
130,
4161,
57,
8,
12873,
3,
89,
8721,
13,
957,
2668,
104,
2294,
4201,
10,
4969,
122,
9,
117,
2808,
1589,
264,
173,
6163,
117,
1117,
16371,
6769,
302,
117,
8,
4575,
5405,
117,
8,
16923,
9,
117,
294,
13,
3782,
925,
115,
4476,
117,
11,
8,
26094,
1639,
6157,
6857,
5,
438,
8,
9284,
13,
8,
27598,
12873,
11378,
30,
1882,
7836,
27598,
6,
8,
812,
13,
8,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
4019,
3915,
5,
37,
26094,
18965,
6157,
6857,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
6157,
6857,
130,
13421,
139,
8,
26094,
18965,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
12873,
2730,
343,
5750,
7,
5,
37,
17422,
4766,
16864,
2040,
3114,
1162,
2730,
343,
12873,
5750,
47,
10250,
12,
8,
412,
172,
346,
157,
180,
6857,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
405,
180,
6857,
1518,
21,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What does SSR stand for? | [
12873,
2730,
343,
5750,
7,
1
] |
Soviet Socialist Republics
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
6266,
16,
4623,
130,
4161,
57,
8,
12873,
3,
89,
8721,
13,
957,
2668,
104,
2294,
4201,
10,
4969,
122,
9,
117,
2808,
1589,
264,
173,
6163,
117,
1117,
16371,
6769,
302,
117,
8,
4575,
5405,
117,
8,
16923,
9,
117,
294,
13,
3782,
925,
115,
4476,
117,
11,
8,
26094,
1639,
6157,
6857,
5,
438,
8,
9284,
13,
8,
27598,
12873,
11378,
30,
1882,
7836,
27598,
6,
8,
812,
13,
8,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
4019,
3915,
5,
37,
26094,
18965,
6157,
6857,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
6157,
6857,
130,
13421,
139,
8,
26094,
18965,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
12873,
2730,
343,
5750,
7,
5,
37,
17422,
4766,
16864,
2040,
3114,
1162,
2730,
343,
12873,
5750,
47,
10250,
12,
8,
412,
172,
346,
157,
180,
6857,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
363,
405,
6157,
6857,
1518,
21,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: What does ASSR stand for? | [
2040,
3114,
1162,
2730,
343,
12873,
5750,
1
] |
Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
6266,
16,
4623,
130,
4161,
57,
8,
12873,
3,
89,
8721,
13,
957,
2668,
104,
2294,
4201,
10,
4969,
122,
9,
117,
2808,
1589,
264,
173,
6163,
117,
1117,
16371,
6769,
302,
117,
8,
4575,
5405,
117,
8,
16923,
9,
117,
294,
13,
3782,
925,
115,
4476,
117,
11,
8,
26094,
1639,
6157,
6857,
5,
438,
8,
9284,
13,
8,
27598,
12873,
11378,
30,
1882,
7836,
27598,
6,
8,
812,
13,
8,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
4019,
3915,
5,
37,
26094,
18965,
6157,
6857,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
6157,
6857,
130,
13421,
139,
8,
26094,
18965,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
12873,
2730,
343,
5750,
7,
5,
37,
17422,
4766,
16864,
2040,
3114,
1162,
2730,
343,
12873,
5750,
47,
10250,
12,
8,
412,
172,
346,
157,
180,
6857,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
366,
410,
8,
605,
24,
808,
286,
3,
9,
360,
203,
274,
8,
12873,
11378,
2817,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: When did the event that took place a few years before the Soviet Constitution happened? | [
957,
2668,
104,
2294,
4201,
1
] |
1932–1933
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
6266,
16,
4623,
130,
4161,
57,
8,
12873,
3,
89,
8721,
13,
957,
2668,
104,
2294,
4201,
10,
4969,
122,
9,
117,
2808,
1589,
264,
173,
6163,
117,
1117,
16371,
6769,
302,
117,
8,
4575,
5405,
117,
8,
16923,
9,
117,
294,
13,
3782,
925,
115,
4476,
117,
11,
8,
26094,
1639,
6157,
6857,
5,
438,
8,
9284,
13,
8,
27598,
12873,
11378,
30,
1882,
7836,
27598,
6,
8,
812,
13,
8,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
4019,
3915,
5,
37,
26094,
18965,
6157,
6857,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
6157,
6857,
130,
13421,
139,
8,
26094,
18965,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
12873,
2730,
343,
5750,
7,
5,
37,
17422,
4766,
16864,
2040,
3114,
1162,
2730,
343,
12873,
5750,
47,
10250,
12,
8,
412,
172,
346,
157,
180,
6857,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
20237,
47,
1285,
16,
430,
12873,
2730,
343,
5750,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which republic was included in another Soviet Socialist Republic? | [
17422,
4766,
16864,
2040,
3114,
1162,
2730,
343,
12873,
5750,
1
] |
Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
|
[
9246,
8,
826,
5454,
96,
7296,
63,
6266,
16,
4623,
130,
4161,
57,
8,
12873,
3,
89,
8721,
13,
957,
2668,
104,
2294,
4201,
10,
4969,
122,
9,
117,
2808,
1589,
264,
173,
6163,
117,
1117,
16371,
6769,
302,
117,
8,
4575,
5405,
117,
8,
16923,
9,
117,
294,
13,
3782,
925,
115,
4476,
117,
11,
8,
26094,
1639,
6157,
6857,
5,
438,
8,
9284,
13,
8,
27598,
12873,
11378,
30,
1882,
7836,
27598,
6,
8,
812,
13,
8,
391,
7016,
6857,
47,
4019,
3915,
5,
37,
26094,
18965,
6157,
6857,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
6157,
6857,
130,
13421,
139,
8,
26094,
18965,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
12873,
2730,
343,
5750,
7,
5,
37,
17422,
4766,
16864,
2040,
3114,
1162,
2730,
343,
12873,
5750,
47,
10250,
12,
8,
412,
172,
346,
157,
180,
6857,
535,
6,
1525,
8,
826,
822,
5,
2507,
24,
8,
1525,
19,
915,
441,
8,
1499,
5,
11860,
10,
4073,
20237,
1513,
70,
21286,
2637,
58
] |
Given the following passage
"Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.",
answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.
Question: Which republic lost their autonomous status? | [
37,
26094,
18965,
6157,
6857,
11,
10976,
5649,
172,
6157,
6857,
1
] |
The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR
|