Datasets:

charris

/

wikipedia_police_mention1

like 0

69799086

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20Giuffre%20v.%20Prince%20Andrew

Virginia Giuffre v. Prince Andrew

Virginia Giuffre v. Prince Andrew is a civil legal action in which Virginia Giuffre (), a woman living in Australia as of January 2022, has sued Prince Andrew, Duke of York, son of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms alleging that she was forced to have several sexual encounters with the prince in the early 2000s at the age of 17, after being trafficked by Jeffrey Epstein. Andrew has denied Giuffre's claims. The two parties reached an out-of-court settlement in February 2022, and the case is set to be closed without going to trial. Case Filing and serving In August 2021, Giuffre sued Andrew in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, accusing him of "sexual assault and intentional infliction of emotional distress". Giuffre's lawyers alleged Andrew caused her "emotional distress" which was "severe and lasting". The lawsuit seeks unspecified damages, and was filed under New York's Child Victims Act, which provided a new opportunity for victims and claimants to pursue claims in cases that were either time-barred or had passed the statute of limitations. An affidavit filed by Giuffre's lawyers with the US court stated that paperwork for Giuffre's lawsuit had been left with an office of the Metropolitan Police at Andrew's home at Royal Lodge, Windsor, on August 27, 2021. Andrew's legal team denied documents were legally served. The High Court of England and Wales agreed to act, if needed, to serve court documents on Andrew. The Hague Service Convention, a treaty that governs requests between countries for evidence in civil or commercial matters, allows Giuffre's legal team to ask the High Court to formally notify the prince about her civil action. Lewis A. Kaplan, a New York judge, ruled that legal documents over the sexual assault case that Giuffre filed may be served to Prince Andrew through his Los Angeles-based lawyers. The ruling came after Andrew was accused by Giuffre's lawyers of actively trying to evade service of legal documents. On September 21, 2021, lawyers for Giuffre stated in a filing that the papers had been served to and received by Andrew's attorney Andrew Brettler in Los Angeles via email and FedEx the day before, giving the Duke an extended time to file a response to a New York court by October 29, 2021 or face a default judgment. In late September 2021, it was reported that a clubber – who had claimed she had seen the Duke with Giuffre at Tramp nightclub in central London – had given a written statement to the FBI and would testify against him, though she stated she could "remember the year" but not "the exact date". Also in September 2021, it was reported that the Queen would use her income from the Duchy of Lancaster private estate to pay for her son's defence case, however, it was reported in the following months that she would not do so and the Duke was planning to use money from the sale of his Swiss chalet. On October 10, 2021, the Metropolitan Police announced that they had completed their review into documents related to the allegations and, after questioning Giuffre, had decided to drop their investigation. Despite this, US authorities may still prosecute Andrew and he may still be liable for extradition. Attempts to have the case dismissed On October 29, 2021, Andrew's lawyers filed a response, stating that their client "unequivocally denies Giuffre's false allegations". They accused Giuffre of profiting from her claims "at [Andrew's] expense and at the expense of those closest to him", and asked a US judge to dismiss the lawsuit according to a sealed settlement reached between Epstein and Giuffre in 2009 which could absolve Epstein, Andrew and numerous other people "from any and all liability". In October 2021, lawyers representing Andrew petitioned a New York judge to keep the 2009 legal arrangement between Giuffre and Epstein sealed. In December 2021, US district judge Loretta Preska said unless Epstein's estate made valid objection, the document should be published. In late December 2021, Andrew's lawyer tried to get the case thrown out, arguing that Giuffre was resident in Australia rather than the United States. Giuffre's lawyers insisted she lives in Colorado, where her mother also lives, and pointed out she is registered to vote there. In a court filing, Giuffre's lawyers accused Prince Andrew's lawyers of trying to halt her lawsuit in a "transparent attempt to delay discovery into his own documents and testimony". Judge Kaplan rejected the claim that Giuffre no longer lives in the United States. Judge Kaplan noted Andrew's lawyers asked for vast numbers of documents from Giuffre's team including evidence where she has lived. In the same month, Andrew's lawyers filed another motion to dismiss the case, arguing that Giuffre was the age of consent at the time—which is 17 for New York—and describing her account on consenting as "highly subjective". On December 29, 2021, Ghislaine Maxwell's conviction enabled Giuffre's lawyers to maintain, in her case against Prince Andrew, that it is beyond reasonable doubt Maxwell helped Epstein's abuse. The 2009 settlement between Giuffre and Epstein was published on January 3, 2022 and shows that Giuffre had received $500,000 (£371,000) in her lawsuit against Epstein; the settlement states that upon receipt of the sum, Giuffre agreed to The legal term in the 2009 settlement is "with prejudice." Giuffre's legal team argued that the terms of the settlement were irrelevant to her case against Andrew. On January 4, 2022 lawyers for both sides argued in court whether the case should go ahead. During the hearing, Judge Kaplan said "The use of the word 'potential' is the use of a word to which neither you nor I can find any meaning at all", adding that only Epstein himself would have been able to explain his view on the meaning of "potential defendants" mentioned in his settlement with Giuffre. On January 12 Judge Kaplan rejected Andrew's attempts to dismiss the case, allowing the sexual abuse lawsuit to proceed. Discovery phase Each side was expected to take between 8 and 12 depositions during the discovery phase. Judge Kaplan had previously announced that depositions – out-of-court testimony – for the case needed to be submitted by July 14, 2022. Andrew and Giuffre were both expected to make statements and face cross-examination under oath. The Duke was set to give evidence under oath in a two-day deposition conducted by Giuffre's lawyers, David Boies and Sigrid McCawley, beginning on March 10, 2022 in London. Other members of the royal family and police protection could have been asked to give legal evidence. Giuffre's lawyers had asked Andrew to give medical evidence that he cannot sweat and of his trip to a PizzaExpress in Woking, following his statements to that effect in his 2019 Newsnight interview. Her lawyers reportedly claimed up to six witnesses who linked Andrew to Giuffre. David Boies, Giuffre's lawyer, maintained there was a good chance of the case going to trial. On January 14 Giuffre's lawyer David Boies requested to interview two people in the UK, and submitted a petition asking Judge Lewis Kaplan to request assistance from British authorities. Boies had already suggested he might question Sarah, Duchess of York and their daughters Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie. He sought witness testimony from the Duke's former assistant Robert Olney, and Shukri Walker who had claimed she had seen the Duke with Giuffre at Tramp nightclub in central London. On January 15 Sky News reported that Andrew's lawyers wanted to interview Giuffre's husband and her psychologist Dr. Judith Lightfoot after Andrew said that she "may suffer from false memories". Prince Andrew was accused by legal academics of "victim blaming" and "gaslighting" after his lawyers requested Virginia Giuffre's mental health records. On January 26 Prince Andrew's lawyers submitted a lengthy response to the allegations, in which they set out 12 defences and demanded a trial by jury. On February 1 Judge Kaplan asked for help from British and Australian authorities to get witness statements from residents in their nations. Later that month, Andrew's lawyers requested access to the original photograph from March 2001, which showed Andrew and Giuffre together with his arm round her waist. It was reported that the photograph was no longer in Giuffre's possession and at one stage she reportedly had given the original to the FBI in 2011. Settlement On February 15, 2022, it was announced in a joint statement that both parties had reached an out-of-court settlement, which includes the Duke making a substantial donation to Giuffre's charity. Giuffre's lawyer, David Boies said the settlement, "does not in any way insulate him from any criminal liability that would otherwise exist," and that Giuffre did not sign a non-disclosure agreement. A number of reports suggested that there must be an NDA, though it could only be in place until after the Queen's Platinum Jubilee. Even though the amount of money set to be given by the Duke to Giuffre has not been officially disclosed, The Daily Telegraph estimated that it could be as high as £12 million, with the Queen partly funding it. In response to the statement, Graham Smith, of the anti-monarchy group Republic, said "taxpayers deserve to know where the money for the settlement is coming from." Labour MP Andy McDonald announced plans to raise in parliament the issue of how the settlement will be funded, asking for reassurance that public money would not be used to pay for the settlement. Boris Johnson would not say if public money will be used to pay the settlement. References 2021 in American law 2021 scandals Child sexual abuse in the United States Jeffrey Epstein Prince Andrew, Duke of York Royal scandals Sex scandals in the United States United States District Court for the Southern District of New York cases

69799356

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserwerfer%2010000

Wasserwerfer 10000

The Wasserwerfer 10000 (WaWe 10, literally "Water Launcher 10000") is a water cannon used for riot control developed by Rosenbauer on the Mercedes-Benz Actros chassis for the Federal Police (Bundespolizei) and Bereitschaftspolizei in Germany. Named for its water capacity, it is the successor to the Wasserwerfer 9000. History The need for new water cannons for the federal and state police of Germany was first discussed at the 2005 Innenministerkonferenz; some older Wasserwerfer 9000s, previously criticised for safety concerns, were due to be retired following the 2006 FIFA World Cup that would take place across Germany. Following a tendering process by the Federal Ministry of the Interior's , the contract to build these new water cannons was won by Austrian fire engine manufacturer Rosenbauer in 2008, and development of the Wasserwerfer 10000 commenced. The first prototype Wasserwerfer 10000 was handed over to the Federal Ministry of the Interior in 2009, and the first production examples were delivered to state police forces in Hamburg, Berlin, Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Baden-Württemberg between 2010 and 2011. The Wasserwerfer 10000 is built on the Mercedes-Benz Actros 3341 tri-axle truck chassis with an armored angular body, preventing rioters from climbing onto the roof and projectiles from damaging it, and is equipped with a polycarbonate shatter-proof windshield. Three spray nozzles aimed with integrated closed-circuit television cameras and controlled by joysticks are positioned on the roof; two on the front and one on the rear of the truck. Loudspeakers are also equipped. The vehicle is operated by a crew of five police officers. A total of 78 Wasserwerfer 10000s were ordered by police forces across Germany throughout its production run, replacing 117 Wasserwerfer 9000s in a replacement scheme lasting until 2019. As of 2020, following a total of 15 operated by the Bundespolizei, the largest operators of Wasserwerfer 10000s include the states of Hamburg and North Rhine-Westphalia, both operating six of the type, and Berlin and Bavaria, who operate five. Wasserwerfer 10000s have been used in a number of protests and riot control scenarios, including a large deployment against protests during the 2017 G20 Hamburg summit. The effectiveness of the Wasserwerfer 10000's polycarbonate windshield was questioned in 2014 following an incident in a Thuringia state police training exercise, in which mock rioters damaged the windshield by throwing plastic bottles, eggs and tennis balls at it. References Non-lethal weapons Police weapons Riot control weapons Water

69799518

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized%20crime%20in%20London%2C%20Ontario

Organized crime in London, Ontario

Organized crime is an issue in the city of London, Ontario, Canada. The city was established in 1826, and since has grown into Canada's 11th largest municipality. The city itself has had a long history of organized crime with several high-profile incidents occurring there over the years. Early history Note:Work in progress Overview In the modern era, three major Motorcycle Organizations have chapters and operate businesses in London, Ontario. The Hells Angels the largest outlaw motorcycle club in Canada, have an estimated 13 full-patch members and 100+ affiliates in the city. The Gate Keepers Motorcycle Club, a Hells Angels support club with chapters in Nova Scotia and Ontario, also have a charter in London. The Outlaws Motorcycle Club the longtime rivals of the Hells Angels, which had called the city home for years was forced to shut down their London chapter. In recent years the Outlaws have been successful in reestablishing a presence in London, reopening the chapter in 2017, a support club the Filthy 15 MC was created to support the Outlaws in London. The city has also seen several notable incidents such as Ontario Biker War and the London Conflict. They along with other organizations, supply a stream of illegal contraband and narcotics to multiple localized street gangs operating throughout the city. Often involved in the drug trade, gang members and affiliates are often suspects in break-ins, vehicle thefts, street rip robberies, stabbings and assaults. Gang members were linked to several shootings over the past 2 decades. Despite a lack of news coverage in the 1990s and early 2000s, the street gangs began to gain notoriety in the 2010s with high-profile killings, a turf war broke out in 2012 between the London chapter of the Hells Angels MC and a local Street gang the "FU Crew", who were backed by the London chapter of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club, this resulted in the deaths of several individuals, the arson of several biker and gang owned businesses and vehicle's. When looking at the city's street gangs, Biker and organized crime analyst Yves Lavigne stated, "These gangs are very dangerous, there are different levels of gangs, If the police are giving you the names of "the seven", they must be the high rollers. These are the guys with guns and contacts with guys from outside London with access to the drugs," Lavigne said. Most gangs in the city had managed to remain "under the radar" up until this point Lavigne would add "No one had any idea about these gangs until this week, except for the people in the neighbourhoods they terrorize". "The Seven" refers to the 7 largest street gangs monitored by the London Police. EOA (East of Adelaide) is a conglomerate of street gangs and individual's involved in the narcotics trade based in the east end of London, Ontario. These neighborhood gangs are linked together by London Police Service into a single entity known as EOA due to the fact that they are mostly all connected to the same supplier, it is the city's largest organized crime group as a whole. The "Seven" also include the Kipps Lane Crew(KLC), White Oaks Crew(WOC), H-Block, The Black Shirts(BSG), First Division and Ontario Wide Crew(OWC). A lead investigator for the LPS had this to state. "London’s 11 note worthy street gangs aren’t necessarily divided along geographic or ethnic lines. Most are multi-ethnic and multicultural. One might have roots in a neighbourhood but members tend to join from all over". On October 7, 2011. A London resident David Arbuckle, was shot and killed on the corner of Wellington and Hill streets, it was not known if the victim had any gang associations but the shooter was linked to the notorious EOA gang. The event's in 2011 and conflict in 2012 resulted in the creation of the London Police Services "Gang unit". From the years of 2013-mid 2015 they made over 400 arrests, laid 270 charges relating to narcotics, seized over 40 weapon's and made 375 other criminal charges on members of the city's organized crime. The city has also had previous association with Hamilton-based Musitano crime family, there is also several Neo-Nazi and Nationalist groups in the city such as the Black Shirts and the Canadian Brotherhood. With the city's overall hate crime rate being higher in London (6.4 incidents per 100,000 population) than in Ontario (5.3) and Canada (4.9) in 2018. Between 2014 and 2018, the rate of police-reported hate crime in London increased by 78%, a notably larger increase compared with Ontario (+10%) and Canada (+33%). Major events 1998 On 7 April 1998, Jeffrey LaBrash and Jody Hart, two leaders of the Outlaws biker gang, were gunned down leaving a strip club, the Beef Baron, by two men known to be associated with the Hells Angels in London, Ontario. LaBrash was the president of the London chapter of the Outlaws. His killers were brothers Paul and Duane Lewis. On 15 December 1998, a London millionaire businessman, Salvatore Vecchio, who was widely believed to be linked with the Hells Angels, was murdered. His body was found buried in a swamp outside the Forest City as London is often called. Vecchio lived in a luxury condominium and was one of the few people in London, Ontario who owned a Ferrari. Besides real estate, Vecchio's fortune rested on the fact he was a loan shark and co-owner of a hardcore pornographic website with ties to both outlaw bikers and the Mafia. Vecchio had known the Lewis brothers and may have employed them as enforcers in his loan shark business. Ontario Biker War From the years of 1999 to 2002, an event known in Canada as the Ontario Biker War occurred in the province of Ontario. A large majority of the conflicts events happened in London, Ontario. Tensions between the two clubs arose in 1998 when the Hells Angels were attempting to gain a foothold in the province, in 1998 two members of the London Outlaws chapter were victims of a drive-by shooting in the parking lot of the Beef Baron, a strip club on York Street in London, Ontario. Also in April 1998, on the same day as the funerals for the two men, T. J. Baxter's Tap & Grill, a popular restaurant in London, was bombed, injuring five and causing an estimated $1,000,000 in damages. the conflict would reach a fever pitch in 2002 at the London Motorcycle Show, which was normally hosted at the Western Fair. The event had been sponsored by the Hells Angels for the last 2 years and there were a 110 members present including members of their support clubs. A group of 120 members of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club, along with long-term Hells Angels rival the Bandidos who had traveled up the 401 Highway from Detroit, traveled to London to support the Outlaws London chapter, immediate intervention by the London Police Service avoided a major incident. Subsequent police crackdowns would lead to the end of the conflict. London conflict In early 2012, tensions between the Hells Angels and the FU Crew a local Street gang began and before long the groups would clash in London, Ontario. After years of remaining out of the headlines for the most part, the FU Crew began to gain notoriety in the 2010s when the war broke out between them and the London chapter of the Hells Angels. The FU Crew was backed by the London chapter of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club, this was in many ways was a continuation in hostilities between the two clubs. This resulted in the deaths of several individuals, and the arson of several biker and gang-owned businesses and vehicles, with some of the bikers fleeing town temporarily. The dispute first flared up when a tattoo parlor associated with the Outlaws motorcycle club was set ablaze on the morning of January 7. During this period, the Hells Angels had begun to lean on the FU Crew to operate for them in London. When this was refused, a vehicle belonging to the leader of the street gang (who had connections with the Outlaws) was burned. Tensions continued with two separate fires at a massage parlour and a strip club, and then the shooting on January 11 of two people associated with the Hells Angels. On the same day, a massage parlor in St. Thomas, Ontario was burned down. Two more tattoo parlors were also threatened, and some Hells Angels pulled back to regain their footing. The conflict would eventually deescalate with a presumed peace being declared. Groups, street gangs and crime syndicates Note:Work in progress Annihilators Motorcycle Club Although the Annihilators clubhouse was for period of time located in Chatham, but they we're involved in several crimes including murders in the city of London. Their clubhouse would eventually be relocated to St. Thomas and later the nearby Iona Station in the 1990s. The club began to frequently do business in London during this period and we're even referred to as the London Annihilators, this move also saw the number of incidents increase. Bandidos Motorcycle Club In 2001, the Iona Station-based Loners Motorcycle Club(commonly referred to as the London, St. Thomas and Chatham Loners, as they operated in all three areas) patched over the Canadian branch of the Bandidos. They were involved at the altercation at the 2002 London Motorcycle Show hosted at the Western Fair Complex(part of the Ontario Biker War) they were also involved in the infamous Shedden Massacre in 2006, the trial for which happened in a London court. Boullee Boys Longtime London street gang that has operated on Boulle Street and the surrounding area, they have been involved in several high-profile incidents since the groups creation Bono Hood A now defunct street gang that operated in the surrounding area of Bonaventure and Admiral Drive in East London. Black Shirts Gang (BSG) A London, Ontario-based neo-Nazi gang (presumably named after the nickname given to the Schutzstaffel) that became active in the early 2010s and has been responsible for several high-profile crimes over the years including three murders. London also has some of the highest hate crime rates in Canada. EOA (East Of Adelaide) A conglomerate of street gangs and individual's involved in the narcotics trade based in the east end of London, Ontario. These neighborhood gangs are linked together by London Police Service into a single entity known as EOA due to the fact that they are mostly all connected to the same supplier. The city's largest organized crime group as a whole. Filthy 15 Motorcycle Club Created in 2017 to act as a support club for the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. First Division Created in 2014, the gang quickly rose to prominence in London earning spot on "The Seven". FU Crew A London, Ontario-based street gang that started a war with the London charter of the Hells Angels in 2012, affiliates of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club, it has constantly been involved in the city's narcotics trade for the last two decades and was formerly listed as one of "The Seven". Gate Keepers Motorcycle Club The Gate Keepers Motorcycle Club are one of the official support club of the Hells Angels in Canada. The Gate Keeper established their "Middlesex County" Chapter in London in late 2013, and remains active as of 2022. It has been involved in several charity events as well as several incidents. Hells Angels Motorcycle Club The Hells Angels are the largest outlaw motorcycle club in the world and in Canada, with 44 active chapters across the nation as of 2022, Canada possesses the highest number of Hells Angels per capita. The Hells Angels established a probationary chapter in London in early 2001 which, as of 2022, remains active. It has been involved in several charity events and protests against improper treatment of prison inmates as well as several incidents. H-Block Longtime London street gang that has operates in a significant area south of Victoria Drive on the North-east side of the city, they have been involved in several high-profile incidents since the groups creation. Outlaws Motorcycle Club The Outlaws are the second largest outlaw motorcycle club in Canada, with 21 active chapters as of 2022, The Outlaws arrived in Canada in 1977 and gained a chapter in London, Ontario after the Satan's Choice "Patched-over" a number of their chapters. It has been involved in several charity events as well as several incidents. Jackels Motorcycle Club A now defunct support Club of the Hells Angels that had chapters in London, Ontario and Montreal. Was active in the late 1990s and early 2000s and was a participant in the Ontario Biker War. Kipps Lane Crew The Kipps Lane Crew (KLC) is a street gang founded in London, Ontario, Canada, in 2000. The gang's name originates from the area in which the group operates, Kipps Lane and the surrounding area in Northeast London. The colors of the Kipps Lane Crew are red, although the gang is not associated with the Bloods. History The Kipps Lane Crew was founded in the 2000s in London, Ontario's Northeast end and was able to keep a low profile during the early years of its existence, although the group began to gain notoriety in the late 2000s. Known by the graffiti tag KLC, the gang grew into one of London's largest and most reckless street gangs during the 2010s. The KLC is one of the eleven street gangs currently being monitored by the London Police Service. The actions of the KLC, and other organized crime groups in the city, led to the creation of the London Gang Unit in 2012. Up until this point, the closest thing to a SGU had been the police force's youth and hate crime unit. Due to its size, activities and notoriety, the gang is among what London authorities call the "Big Seven" referring to the seven largest street gangs in the city. The group is mostly involved in the trade and trafficking of narcotics, but its crimes range from burglary, robbery to assault and murder. incidents On February 14, 2009, the alleged leader of the KLC, Matthew Owen was stabbed and killed during altercation at an East London residence, another member and two others were injured. It is not known what started the incident, but a fight erupted and spread into the backyard of the residence, as someone smashed through the patio door. Authorities say several people were involved in the brawl. In 2011 a member of the Kipps Lane Crew was sentenced to five years in prison for "possession of a loaded and prohibited firearm, and for the killing of Thi Tran". Also in 2011, a member of the Kipps Lane Crew saw members of an opposing group in Jack's Bar on Richmond St. He fired multiple shots from a handgun into the business, no one was killed but an innocent bystander was shot and injured. The KLC member was sentenced to 12 years in prison for the incident. In August 2012, a member of the Kipps Lane Crew, shot a man near Queens and Adelaide Street. The man survived the attack but these events led to a 5-hour standoff on a Kipps Lane property, London Police brought in their tactical response unit(SWAT equivalent), a Police modified APC(armoured personal carrier) and created a perimeter around the residence. The result was the arrest of four members or affiliates and the confiscation of a "shotgun and almost 1,900 rounds of various types of ammunition, a taser, pepper spray, stolen IDs and a small amount of methamphetamine". Over 16 charges were handed out to the four individuals. In May 2014, a man walking on Kipps Lane is stabbed and robbed, he is sent to hospital with non-lethal injuries, suspects were ever confirmed. In October 2014, London Police raided home on Kipps Lane. They are arrested two members and seized almost $50,000 in narcotics including, 409.9 grams of cocaine, 488 grams of psilocybin, 26 grams of marijuana, 3 grams of crystal meth, 3 15 milligrams of Adderall pills, 2 grams of hash and 1 gram of hash oil. They also found close to $7,000 in cash London police conducted a raid on a member of the Kipps Lane Crew in February 2015. The raid uncovered an illegal firearm(9mm pistol), a bag of marijuana, over $2,000 cash, and some KLC swag. "A t-shirt with a picture of a stick figure pointing a gun at another stick figure bleeding from the head", and a sweatshirt that protests for the release of members who were jailed recently. In June 2016, a stabbing occurred at an apartment complex on Kipps Lane, one man was sent to the hospital with serious injuries. The KLC was initially believed to be involved by authorities until the actual suspect, a 61-year-old man was detained and charged. On April 7, 2019, London Police heard reports of shots being fired in the Kipps Lane area at 2:55 am. Authorities found no evidence of a shooting at the time, hours later there was reports of a second series of shots just north of Kipps Lane. Police that arrived on scene noted that they did find evidence of a firearm being discharged as well as evidence of someone being injured. No suspects or weapons were found in connection with the shootings. In April 2020, London Police conducted raids on multiple properties in the city, including Kipps Lane. Four People were arrested and charged, 634 grams of cocaine valued at $63,000 was seized, along with one firearm and close to $12,000. Around $500 in other narcotics was found along with a cocaine press and three burner phones, two individuals faced a combined 13 drug and weapons-related charges, one received 5 weapons charges and the remaining one was charged with "possession of a schedule I substance for the purpose of trafficking." On May 2, 2020. A London residence on a Talbot street was a target of a drive by shooting, no one was injured. On May 4, 2020. An Alleged leader of the Kipps Lane Crew and two other members were arrested in connection with the shooting two days prior, the 3 members faced 14 charges including "discharging a firearm in a reckless manner, occupying a vehicle with a firearm, failing to stop for police and possession of a restricted or prohibited firearm without a licence", along with 5 other firearms related charges. In November 2020, a member of the Kipps Lane Crew was arrested. Police seized a Pistol, flip knife and more than $50,000 in bills, the member faced 10 counts, including "carrying a concealed weapon, unauthorized possession of a restricted firearm, possessing a firearm knowing the serial number has been tampered with, resisting a police officer, mischief and possessing cocaine". Loners Motorcycle Club The Loners Motorcycle Club operated a chapter in London(their clubhouse was located in the nearby Hamlet of Iona Station) during the 1990s until merging with the Bandidos in 2001, several members would also join the Hells Angels in split that occurred in 1999. Most of the first Hells Angels London chapter members were former Loners. Ontario Wide Crew Created in 2013, the gang quickly rose to prominence in London earning spot on "The Seven". Pond Mills Crew A long time street gang that operates in the neighborhood of Pond Mills and the surrounding area located in London's Southside. Queensman Motorcycle Club The Queensman Motorcycle Club was formally active in London during the 1980s, it has several chapters in the surrounding area including Windsor, St. Thomas and Amherstburg Westmount Crew A now defunct street gang that operated in the neighborhood of Westmount and the surrounding area located in South-west London. White Oaks Crew The White Oaks Crew operates in the neighborhood of White Oaks located in London's Southwest end. A member of "The Seven" since 2012, this group earned its self a spot on the list of the cities seven largest gangs and it has operated since the early 2000s. The gang has been involved in several high-profile incidents over the years See also Gangs in Canada List of gangs in Canada References Culture of London, Ontario Organized crime in Canada

69799927

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20in%20the%20Hopfields

Death in the Hopfields

Death in the Hopfields is a 1937 detective novel by John Rhode, the pen name of the British writer Cecil Street. It is the twenty fifth in his long-running series of novels featuring Lancelot Priestley, a Golden Age armchair detective. It was published in America by Dodd Mead under the alternative title The Harvest Murder. Caldwell Harpur gave the novel a broadly positive review in the Times Literary Supplement but felt that the murder mystery was so simple that there had really been no need for the local police to need assistance to crack the case. Synopsis The novel takes place in rural Kent during the hop-picking season. A burglary takes place and the complex circumstances surrounding it lead to Sergeant Wragge of the local force calling in Scotland Yard. It is only through the deductions of Priestley, however, that it is realised that his is a case of murder. References Bibliography Evans, Curtis. Masters of the "Humdrum" Mystery: Cecil John Charles Street, Freeman Wills Crofts, Alfred Walter Stewart and the British Detective Novel, 1920-1961. McFarland, 2014. Herbert, Rosemary. Whodunit?: A Who's Who in Crime & Mystery Writing. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reilly, John M. Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers. Springer, 2015. 1937 British novels Novels by Cecil Street British crime novels British mystery novels British thriller novels British detective novels Collins Crime Club books Novels set in Kent

69800203

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Ernest%20Atkins

Joseph Ernest Atkins

Joseph Ernest Atkins (1947 – January 23, 1999) was an American serial killer and Vietnam War veteran who murdered three people in South Carolina. He murdered his half-brother in 1969 and received a life sentence. After Atkin's adoptive father pleaded with officials for his release, he was released on parole in 1980. In 1985, Atkins murdered a 13-year-old neighbor girl and his adoptive father. Atkins was convicted of these two murders, sentenced to death, and executed in 1999. Early life Joseph was born in 1947. The unwanted child of a sex worker, he was adopted by Benjamin Frank Atkins and Gladys Atkins and lived in North Charleston, South Carolina. Joseph was reportedly frequently beaten and berated by his adoptive father, and attacked by his older half-brother, Charles Edward Atkins. On one occasion, he had to get surgery after Charles repeatedly stabbed him in the stomach. In addition, Joseph said he witnessed his adoptive father abuse his adoptive mother. He believed Gladys hitting her head hit during the abuse resulted in the brain tumor which killed her when he was 15. Military service In the late 1960s, Atkins was sent to fight in Vietnam. He fought on the border of Cambodia and Laos. There, Atkins reportedly saw people being killed and mutilated, and heard fellow captured soldiers being tortured to death. Atkins was returned to the U.S. in October 1969. He was later awarded a Vietnam Campaign Medal, a Vietnam Service Medal, and a National Defense Service Medal. Murders, trial, and execution On December 31, 1969, Joseph and Charles Atkins, 23, were visiting a friend's house when the two got into a fight. Angry, he left the house and went back to his adoptive father's house, which was several miles away. There, Joseph got a shotgun, returned to his friend's house, and fatally shot Charles. As he left his friend's house, Joseph then shot out the windows. Joseph was indicted for murder in March 1970. Attorneys for both sides agreed to a guilty plea for manslaughter. On May 28, 1970, Joseph appeared before a judge, who asked him to tell the court his version of what happened. Joseph replied "he [Charles] reached back like this in his back pocket where he had his gun, and I was scared he was going to shoot." The judge said he could not accept Joseph's guilty plea if he was claiming to have acted in self-defense. The plea deal fell through and the case went to trial. The jury rejected Joseph's claim of self-defense and he was found guilty of murder. After they recommended mercy, he was sentenced to life in prison. After Benjamin Atkins pleaded for his adoptive son's release, Joseph was paroled on March 14, 1980. He returned to North Charleston to live in half of a duplex owned by his father. He worked several jobs, had alcoholism problems, and lived with his girlfriend, Linda Walters. In the spring of 1985, Aaron Polite, his wife, Fatha Patterson, and their 13-year-old daughter, Karen Patterson, moved into the duplex. Despite being neighbors, Joseph barely interacted with them. On October 27, 1985, after a night of drinking, Joseph returned to the duplex armed with a machete, revolver, and a sawed-off shotgun. After waking up and seeing Joseph, Aaron woke up his wife, who tried to call Joseph's father, 75-year-old Benjamin Atkins. However, the phone lines had been cut by Joseph. Aaron stayed inside as Fatha left to tell Benjamin. During this time, Joseph went to the bedroom of the couple's daughter and killed Karen by shooting her once in the head with his shotgun. After hearing the gunshot, Aaron went to his daughter's bedroom and saw Joseph, who proceeded to chase and fire multiple shotgun rounds at him. Eventually, Joseph returned to the duplex. After hearing the gunshots, Benjamin and Fatha called the police. When Fatha opened the door, she saw Joseph pointing his shotgun at her. As Fatha panicked and backed away, Joseph walked out onto the porch. Joseph then shot his adoptive father in the shoulder. Benjamin stumbled back inside, where he collapsed and died. As Fatha shut the door and ran to the telephone, Joseph started firing through the walls into the duplex. He then got onto his motorcycle and fled the scene. Afterwards, Aaron and Fatha ran to their daughter's bedroom, where they found her in a pool of blood. Karen was taken to a hospital, where she later died. Detective Schuster, a neighboring off-duty police officer who was returning home saw the flash of the gunshots and Joseph fleeing the scene. He called for backup and chased Joseph for several miles. Joseph was arrested after crashing and falling off of his motorcycle. Arthur Henderson, the neighbor who Joseph had been drinking with the night before, would testify that Joseph told him "well, when I go home anything I see in sight I'm going to kill." In January 1986, Joseph Atkins was indicted for two counts of murder, two counts of assault with intent to kill, one count of first degree burglary, and two counts of unlawful possession of a weapon. Joseph's prior murder conviction made the murders of his father and Karen Patterson capital offenses. Prosecutors sought death sentences against him for both of the murders. In June 1986, Joseph was convicted of all of the charges. His defense team argued for leniency on the grounds of his alcoholism and intoxication at the time the murders. However, the prosecution pointed to the cutting of the phone lines as evidence he was well aware of his actions. After deliberating for just over an hour, the jury recommended a death sentence on both counts. One of Joseph's appeals concerned the issue of parole eligibility. South Carolina did not have life without parole at the time of the murders. During the trial, the jury asked the judge whether they could impose consecutive life sentences, having been previously told that Joseph would be eligible for parole after 20 years if he was given a life sentence. After the judge replied that the question of concurrent or consecutive sentences was his decision, the prosecution said the jury's actual question was if they could give Joseph a life sentence with no chance of parole for 40 years. The judge said Joseph would become eligible for parole after 20 years regardless of whether his life sentences were consecutive or concurrent. In 1990, the South Carolina Supreme Court agreed in a 4-1 decision that multiple life terms with parole eligibility could not be aggregated. After a failed appeal for clemency, Joseph Atkins was executed by lethal injection at Broad River Correctional Institution in Columbia, South Carolina on January 23, 1999. His last meal consisted of steak, fries, tossed salad, corn on the cob, and chocolate pudding. Atkins declined to make a final statement. See also Capital punishment in South Carolina List of people executed in South Carolina List of serial killers in the United States References 1947 births 1999 deaths 20th-century American criminals 20th-century executions by South Carolina 20th-century executions of American people American people convicted of murder American serial killers American murderers of children Executed serial killers People convicted of murder by South Carolina People executed by South Carolina by lethal injection People executed for murder

69800491

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe%20%C4%90%C3%B2%20Ho%C3%A0ng

Xe Đò Hoàng

Xe Đò Hoàng () or Hoang Express is an intercity bus service based in Orange County, California. The service began in 1999 with a route connecting Little Saigon in Orange County with the community in San Jose. The service has grown to become a crucial link between Vietnamese-American communities in the West Coast. History Xe Đò Hoàng was started by Linh Hoang Nguyen (Nguyễn Hoàng Linh) in 1999, with a few small vans. He got the idea of starting a bus line connecting Little Saigon in Orange County with San Jose, the two communities with the largest concentration of Vietnamese people in the United States, while waiting for a flight at John Wayne Airport. He was working as a driving instructor in Orange County at the time, and on his frequent flights to visit relatives in San Jose he often helped elderly Vietnamese Americans with limited English abilities to find their gates or the baggage carousel. In the beginning, there was only one line from Little Saigon to San Jose, using an old Chevrolet minivan; he later bought an old bus. After the September 11 attacks, increased security at airports and increased fear of flying created opportunities for the service to expand. In 2001, the service had turned into a 57-seat bus and became well known in the Vietnamese American community in California. In 2005, Linh Hoang Nguyen was seriously injured after being shot; according to the police, his assailants were hired by a business competitor to assassinate him. Before that, employees of the service were attacked while picking up customers. By 2014, the service had grown to include 11 buses with 15 drivers and expanded to various destinations such as Sacramento, Oakland, San Francisco, and Phoenix. The Orange County-San Jose route alone had about 1000 riders per week. Xe Đò Hoàng was severely impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The service suffered low ridership after the stay-at-home order was lifted in California and had to reduce the frequency of its routes. Services Xe Đò Hoàng has a relatively low cost and arrives at its destinations quicker compared to mainstream intercity bus lines such as Greyhound. Its riders are comprised primarily of Vietnamese Americans, although people of other ethnicities also ride the bus, prompted by word of mouth from friends due to its inexpensive cost. It targets primarily riders living in Northern or Southern California who want to visit family or friends in the other region, especially the elderly and college students, or those who don't want to drive the long distance or can not afford plane tickets. When riding the bus, each passenger would be given a bánh mì or xôi, a water bottle, napkins, and a trash bag. The TV screens on the bus usually show Vietnamese-language variety shows produced in the United States such as Paris by Night or those produced by , or . There is free Wi-Fi on board for those needing Internet access. Besides transporting people, Xe Đò Hoàng also transports goods between its destinations. Currently, Xe Đò Hoàng serves routes connecting Southern California with San Jose, Oakland, San Francisco, Sacramento, and Arizona; Northern California with Los Angeles, El Monte, Westminster, San Diego; and in Arizona connecting Chandler, Tempe, and Phoenix. Role Xe Đò Hoàng is considered a connecting bridge between the two largest Vietnamese communities in the United States, even though they are separated by almost 400 miles. Riders use the service to visit family and friends, attend ceremonies, or keep in touch with their loved ones even though they live far away from each other. The service plays a role similar to that of Chinatown bus lines for Chinese Americans in the East Coast. Xe Đò Hoàng is also active in the Vietnamese-American community, having provided free or reduced-cost transportation to protesters protesting against the Vietnamese government or against the Chinese government in the Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff. See also Chinatown bus lines References External links Vietnamese-American culture Orange County, California Intercity bus companies of the United States Bus transportation in California 1999 establishments in California Transport companies established in 1999

69800601

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Sawyer%20%28mobster%29

Harry Sawyer (mobster)

Harry Sandlovich (1890 - June 1955) was a Jewish-American organized crime boss based in Saint Paul, Minnesota during Prohibition and the Great Depression. He was born in Vilna Governorate-General, Lithuania, Russian Empire He is infamous for the 1928 car bombing murder of St. Paul Irish mob boss Danny Hogan, and for collusion with mobbed up St. Paul police chief Thomas Archibald Brown and the Barker-Karpis Gang in both the Hamm and Bremer kidnappings, and with the Chicago Outfit in the murder of Fred Goetz. He died in Chicago, Illinois in June 1955. References Further reading Paul Maccabee (1993), John Dillinger Slept Here: A Crook's Tour of Crime and Corruption in St. Paul, 1920-1936, Minnesota Historical Society Press. Tim Mahoney (2013), Secret Partners: Big Tom Brown and the Barker Gang, Minnesota Historical Society Press. 1890 births 1955 deaths American bootleggers American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent Depression-era gangsters Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States Jewish American gangsters Organized crime in Minnesota

69801003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights%20of%20Entry%20%28Gas%20and%20Electricity%20Boards%29%20Act%201954

Rights of Entry (Gas and Electricity Boards) Act 1954

The Rights of Entry (Gas and Electricity Boards) Act 1954 (2 & 3 Eliz. 2 c. 21) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulated the Rights of Entry into premises by utility boards. Background Various Gas Acts and Electricity Acts had given gas and electricity inspectors the right of entry into premises. These powers exceeded those of police constables. In a civil law case in 1952 an individual brought an action against an electricity board for damages, complaining that the entry rights had been exercised against himself. Although the action failed, the constitutional position to which the case gave rise led to some disquiet during a debate in the House of Lords. To seek clarification the North Thames Gas Board made recommendations to the Minister which resulted in this Act. The aim of the Act was to ensure that where it is necessary for an official to enter premises, a Justice of the Peace should be satisfied that entry was reasonably required. However, in cases of emergency they are permitted to act without such a warrant. Rights of Entry (Gas and Electricity Boards) Act 1954 The Rights of Entry (Gas and Electricity Boards) Act 1954 received Royal Assent on 18 March 1954. Its long title is ‘An Act to regulate the exercise of statutory rights of entry by or on behalf of Gas Boards and Electricity Boards, and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid’. Provisions The Act comprised four Sections: Section 1 Restrictions on exercise of rights of entry. Consent of occupier or under the authorisation of a warrant, applies rights to gas and electricity boards, liabilities to penalties. Section 2 Warrant to authorise entry. Conditions required to satisfy a Justice of the Peace, limitations on issue of a warrant, repair and make good damage, make premises secure. Section 3 Interpretation. Definitions of Gas Board, Right of Entry, etc., endanger life and property, justice includes sheriff in Scotland. Section 4 Short title, extent and commencement. Does not extend to Northern Ireland, into force one month after enactment. Effects of the Act The powers defined by this Act were retained in an amended form through the privatisation of the gas and electricity industries in 1986 and 1990 respectively. In 2014 the then Department of Energy and Climate Change published a review of Powers of Entry which included the provisions of the Rights of Entry (Gas and Electricity Boards) Act 1954. Amendments The Act was amended by the Gas Act 1965, the Gas Act 1986, and the Electricity Act 1989. See also Timeline of the UK electricity supply industry References United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1954 Electric power in the United Kingdom

69801333

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20Daniel%20Mu%C3%B1oz

Luis Daniel Muñoz

Luis Daniel Muñoz is an American physician and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he is running for Governor of Rhode Island in 2022. He also helped lead the production of the documentary film "Catalysts" which premiered in December 2021 and followed the work of local politicians and activists from across the state of Rhode Island. Early life and education Luis Daniel Muñoz was born in Bronx, New York and moved to Central Falls, Rhode Island as a child. He completed his secondary education from Central Falls High School before going on to attend and graduate from Rhode Island College. He received a Medical Doctorate from the University of Connecticut School of Medicine in Farmington, Connecticut. Community work and advocacy Muñoz serves on the Rhode Island Equity Council, which is an extension of the Executive Office of Health and Human Services. As a member of the Equity Council, Muñoz has advocated for the equitable distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine and for the proper disbursement of federal funds allocated to Rhode Island. Muñoz has frequently spoken out on social justice issues including police misconduct and repealing LEOBOR (Law Enforcement Bill of Rights). Muñoz assisted in facilitating eviction clinics in order to help combat homelessness in Rhode Island along with Rhode Island State Representative Leonela Felix. Gubernatorial candidacy On April 8, 2021, Muñoz declared his candidacy for Governor of Rhode Island. He was the first candidate to enter the race and to release a set of policy proposals. Issues that he discusses frequently include climate change and environmental justice, affordable housing, social justice, and community based healthcare. Muñoz is a member of the Democratic Party, however ran as an independent in the 2018 Rhode Island gubernatorial election. Personal life Muñoz resides in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, with his wife and daughter. References External links 1985 births 21st-century American politicians Hispanic and Latino American politicians Rhode Island College alumni Living people People from Central Falls, Rhode Island Politicians from Pawtucket, Rhode Island Rhode Island Democrats

69801719

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance%20of%20Pamela%20Holopainen

Disappearance of Pamela Holopainen

Pamela Jayne Holopainen (born 1 August 1981) was a young Inuk woman who disappeared in Timmins, Ontario in 2003. As of 2022, her whereabouts and the circumstances of her disappearance remain unknown. Background Pamela Jayne Holopainen was born in Hamilton on 1 August 1981. Her mother, Holly Kowtook, was an Inuk woman who had been sent to a boarding school in Timmins, Ontario. Holly was born and raised in Moose Factory, Ontario however her family is originally from Sanikiluaq. Her father, Patrick Holopainen, was also raised and spent most of his life in the Timmins area. Holopainen was Kowtook's second daughter and the younger sister to Vanessa Brousseau, about three years her senior. In 1982, the family moved to South Porcupine, a neighbourhood of Timmins where Holopainen's father lived. Kowtook was very active in the local Indigenous community, and served for a time as President of the Timmins Native Friendship Centre, often leaving Holopainen in the care of her older sister. At the age of 18, Holopainen met Chris Manchester, a young Indigenous man who eventually became her common-law spouse. In 1999, Holopainen and Manchester moved to Kapuskasing to be closer to her mother, who was working as Executive Director of the Kapuskasing Indian Friendship Centre at the time. Holopainen's first son was born in Kapuskasing in 2001, and about nine months later she was hospitalized when Manchester physically abused her and attempted to flee the area with their son before being arrested by police. Once she recovered from her injuries, Holopainen persuaded the crown attorney in charge of Manchester's case to release him from jail and drop the charges on the condition they attend counselling together. According to her sister, a rift developed between Holopainen and her father as a result of her continuing the relationship. Holopainen moved back to Timmins with Manchester and their son in 2002, around the same time her sister also moved back from Attawapiskat. She gave birth to another son in mid-2003, about five months before her disappearance. In a visit to her daughter's home in November 2003, Holly Kowtook observed that Holopainen had a black eye which she blamed on a run-in with a hydro pole, deflecting accusations that Manchester was again abusing her. Around this time, Vanessa Brousseau spoke to her sister about hiring a lawyer to arrange a divorce from Manchester but was nervous as he had threatened to not relinquish custody of their children. At the time of her disappearance Holopainen was 22 years old, stood 5'2" (158 cm) tall, weighed 126 lbs (57 kgs), and had brown hair and blue eyes. She has been described as having a medium build. Holopainen had two tattoos on her left hand, one of a web pattern between her thumb and index finger; and another of the initials "DI". Disappearance On Saturday, 13 December 2003, Pamela Holopainen asked her sister, Vanessa Brousseau, to babysit her two young sons so that she and her common-law spouse, Chris Manchester, could attend a friend's house party. As Brousseau already had plans for the evening, she then asked Manchester's sister to watch the children. At around 2:00 am the next morning, Holopainen and Manchester had a public argument witnessed by other guests at the party. Holopainen was last seen leaving the house party followed closely by Manchester in the early morning hours of Sunday, 14 December 2003. According to witnesses, she had intended to walk home to her residence at 77 Fourth Avenue in the Schumacher neighbourhood. At this time she was wearing a purple Columbia winter jacket, a silver necklace with a silver eagle pendant, and as many as four rings. Investigation Initial search In what her family has described as uncharacteristic behaviour, Pamela Holopainen was not in touch with her family after the night of the house party. Holopainen's sister, Vanessa Brousseau, attempted to contact her the day after the party but was only able to leave a voicemail, but never received a response. Brousseau also tried to drop off Christmas presents for Holopainen's sons on 16 December, but nobody answered the door. In interviews, Brousseau has suggested that they were usually in contact three to four times per day, and had a very close relationship which made the sudden lack of communication concerning. After they received no call from her on Christmas, Brousseau called her sister's landlord on Boxing Day to ask if he knew where she was, but he also was unaware and offered to keep an eye out in case anybody came by the apartment. As more days went by without contact, her family assumed Holopainen, Manchester, and their children were visiting Manchester's family out of town. Holopainen was first reported as missing on 31 December. Her sister and mother had been approached by Manchester's sister at the local bingo hall, who claimed Holopainen had ended their relationship and left their children in his care. Out of concern the family attempted to report her missing but were told to wait a few more days as officers believed she could be out drinking. Without support from police, family members began reaching out to friends and other possible contacts in the area. Manchester alleged that both of them had returned to her apartment on the night she disappeared but she had left by the time he woke up and had not been in touch since. According to Brousseau, Holopainen's family stopped speaking with him around this time as they suspected he was not being forthcoming with details about her disappearance and did not want to participate in putting up missing person posters or going on local news to raise awareness about the case. Timmins Police issued a missing person notice on 4 January 2004, claiming that Holopainen was believed to have gone to Hamilton but foul play was not suspected. After months with no further communication from investigators, police got in touch with the family (including her sister and mother) and arranged a meeting where they suggested Holopainen was working in Hamilton as a sex worker. During this meeting they presented the family with a nude photograph of Holopainen found by investigators on her home computer. The Timmins Police requested support from the Ontario Provincial Police in May 2004, and the OPP took over the investigation several months later with OPP Detective Inspector Dave Truax of the Criminal Investigation Branch as the lead on the case. Detectives were unable to locate Holopainen, but during a search of the Timmins area in autumn of that year they found evidence of blood on the walls, floor, and door of her apartment. They also searched a local garbage dump, the Deloro Landfill Site, using excavators and two cadaver dogs on 26-29 October. In the year following the disappearance, police conducted over 100 witness interviews. Later years In the months after Pamela Holopainen's disappearance, her common-law spouse, Chris Manchester, was sued in family court by her mother, Holly Kowtook. Kowtook was granted joint custody of her grandsons, who spent every second weekend at her home until her death on 31 December 2007, aged 45. Holopainen's children were also alternately housed by their father or their aunt Vanessa Brousseau, and at times were taken into foster care provided by the Children's Aid Society. A memorial organized by the Sisters in Spirit campaign was held at the Timmins Native Friendship Centre on the one-year anniversary of Holopainen's disappearance. On 10 May 2005, police offered a $50,000 reward for information which would lead to the arrest and conviction of the person or people responsible for Holopainen's disappearance. Later that year, Holly Kowtook, Holopainen's mother, told the Timmins Daily Press that police had not investigated her daughter's case as thoroughly as other missing women in the area because of her race. Following the 2015 federal election which saw a Liberal government form under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, interest was renewed in setting up a nationwide inquiry into the phenomenon of missing and murdered Indigenous women. Vanessa Brousseau, Holopainen's older sister, publicly criticized police handling of the original investigation and suggested the federal government should contact her and other relatives of the missing before launching the formal inquiry. When the inquiry went ahead in 2017, organizers declined to host Brousseau while they were meeting with families in Toronto, suggesting they could not afford to accommodate her travel or arrange a meeting closer to Timmins. Brousseau also refused to travel to Thunder Bay to attend the hearing there, noting that the area has a high incidence of missing Indigenous women and she did not feel safe traveling in an area where she believed she would be vulnerable to racist violence. Brousseau has attempted to use medicine people and psychics to locate her sister, including medium Theresa Caputo; and joined the social media platform TikTok in July 2020 to advocate for missing and murdered Indigenous women, where her videos have been viewed more than 1.1 million times. Responsibility for the investigation was eventually transferred to the Timmins branch of the Ontario Provincial Police. Holopainen's sister has claimed that communication from the police has improved in recent years but suggest that investigators have been reluctant to take accountability for mistakes made by their officers because Holopainen was Indigenous. In a statement submitted to the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, Brousseau claimed that the most recent OPP detective assigned to investigate the disappearance was taken off the case after the officer was arrested on arson charges, and since then the OPP had not contacted the family in any official capacity for over seven years. Holopainen was one of eleven Indigenous people in Northeastern Ontario whose disappearances were still listed as 'unsolved' according to an OPP report published in December 2015. In an October 2017 statement, Timmins Police spokesperson Kate Cantin claimed that police review the case on a regular basis but the OPP did not respond to further inquiries made about the case by the CBC. Photos paying tribute to Holopainen and 1,180 other missing and murdered Indigenous women were used as part of "Mind", an art exhibit by Simcoe-based artist Tracey-Mae Chambers unveiled in 2015. Holopainen's case was one of several missing and murdered Indigenous women featured on a series called "Unresolved", a limited-time segment on the CBC-affiliated radio program Morning North in 2017. On the evening of 14 November 2021 in Timmins, a "tree of hope" was lit with over 2,000 red lights to honour missing and murdered Indigenous women including Holopainen, whose family attended the first of what is intended to become an annual ceremony. On the CBC true crime podcast The Next Call, host David Ridgen speculated that Denis Léveillé, a suspect in the unsolved 1996 disappearance of Melanie Ethier with a history of sexually abusing teenage girls, may have been responsible for other missing person cases in Ontario. Ridgen included Holopainen in a list of girls and young women who disappeared in Ontario at the time Léveillé was active. Current status As of 2022, Pamela Holopainen's case is still being investigated by the South Porcupine division of the Ontario Provincial Police. The Timmins Police also continue to feature her on their online directory of outstanding missing persons. The OPP is offering a $50,000 reward for leads which result in the arrest and conviction of the person or people responsible for her disappearance. Investigators and Holopainen's family believe she is deceased and continue to suspect foul play. See also List of people who disappeared References 1981 births 2000s missing person cases 2003 in Ontario Missing person cases in Canada History of Timmins Unsolved crimes in Canada Possibly living people

69801801

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostafa%20Kamel%20Museum

Mostafa Kamel Museum

The Mostafa Kamel Museum is a museum in Cairo. It was officially opened in April 1956. Before that, it was a mausoleum containing the remains of the two leaders, Mustafa Kamel and Muhammad Farid. It also houses the remains of the intellectuals and activists, Abd al-Rahman al-Rafei and Fathi Radwan. The museum is built in the style of the Islamic mausoleum dome and includes two halls containing some of the belongings of the leader Mustafa Kamel represented in his books and letters in his handwriting, and some pictures of his friends and relatives, as well as some of his personal belongings of clothes, dining utensils, and his office room. The museum also includes oil paintings depicting the Denshway incident. On February 8, 2001, the museum reopened after being restored. The museum was vandalized and its contents were stolen on January 28, 2011, during the 2011 Egyptian revolution, and it was recovered by the tourism police and was restored. The museum was further restored with internal and external renovation and the restoration of the garden, fences, and office furniture. The exhibit display also was updated with the addition of rare photographs that show historical moments of Kamel and his closest companions' lives. The museum opened again in April 2016. It is free for all visitors. References Museums in Cairo

69802650

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Ousman%20Sey

Death of Ousman Sey

Ousman Sey was a 45 year old man from Gambia living in the Nordstadt district of Dortmund in Germany. On 7 July 2012, Ousman Sey began to feel pains in his chest at his house in Dortmund, Germany. He called the emergency services and they told him he did not need to go to hospital. Becoming agitated, he broke a window in his apartment, causing a neighbour to call the police. When the police arrived, he complained about his chest pains; paramedics again said he did not need to go to hospital. He was then arrested and detained. He later died in police custody. Sey's death caused controversy since questions were immediately raised about why a man complaining of chest pain was not taken more seriously. A demonstration was organised in Dortmund and his family suggested there were racist motives for not helping Sey. The police denied racism was part of their decision-making but links were drawn by protestors to other deaths in police custody suspected to be racially motivated such as those of Laya-Alama Condé, Oury Jalloh and Achidi John. Nine months after the incident, the public prosecutor announced the files on the case were closed and no action would be taken against anyone involved. References 2012 deaths History of Dortmund Deaths by person in Germany Deaths in police custody in Germany

69803315

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Affair%20%281967%20film%29

The Affair (1967 film)

is a 1967 Japanese drama film directed by Yoshishige Yoshida. It is based on Masaaki Tachihara's novel Shiroi keshi. Plot One year after her mother died in an accident, Oriko returns to writing poetry which she had given up when she married her husband Takashi. At a gathering of fellow writers, she meets Mitsuharu, a sculptor and former lover of her late mother. Oriko had despised her mother's changing affairs, although she had been a widow by then, and is herself blamed by her husband for her coldness. Mitsuharu informs her that he wasn't her mother's last lover, but that she had left him for a labourer, with whom she was seen drunk on the day when she was fatally hit by a truck. One night, Oriko witnesses her husband's sister Yuko having sex with a construction worker in a hut, which she considers rape and reports to the police. Later, she returns to the worker's hut, where he tells her outright that she speculated on sleeping with him as well. He makes a forceful advance, to which Oriko, first reluctant, finally gives in. Oriko meets with Mitsuharu again, confessing that when she was younger, she was not only jealous of him as a daughter, but also as a woman. When she tells him of her encounter with the worker, Mitsuharu is outraged and hurt. Takashi learns of Oriko's meetings with Mitsuharu, but it is not before a confrontation between him, Oriko and Mitsuharu that Oriko and Mitsuharu start an affair. When Mitsuharu's spine is broken after being buried under one of his stone sculptures, Oriko, still married, vows to stay with him, although it is unclear if he will gain back his ability to walk and his virility. In one of her recurring fantasies about her mother's accident, Oriko now sees herself as the victim and the construction worker at the truck's wheel. Some time later, she sees the worker at a train station, watching unmoved as he enters a train. Cast Mariko Okada as Oriko Isao Kimura as Mitsuharu Noto Yoshie Minami as Shigeko, Oriko's mother Tadahiko Kanno as Takashi Furuhuta Shigako Shimegi as Yuko, Furuhata's sister Etsushi Takahashi as construction worker Reception In his book A Hundred Years of Japanese Film, film historian Donald Richie saw The Affair as a film of social concern about a woman's fight against her own sensual nature, "formally shot and edited with much economy". References External links 1967 films 1967 drama films Japanese films Japanese drama films Films based on Japanese novels Films directed by Yoshishige Yoshida

69804134

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%20Serber

Frances Serber

Frances Serber (1895-1978) was a Russian-American ceramicist and muralist. She, along with William Soini, developed a glaze technique that led to the production of brilliantly colored functional and decorative "Stonelain" wares at low cost. Early life and teaching Serber was born Frances Leof on Sept. 3, 1895, to a Jewish family in Ekaterinoslav, Russia, the oldest of four children. As a child, she and her siblings watched from their basement window as a Cossack speared a mother and her baby, according to her nephew Eugene Bernard Schwartz Leof. The family emigrated to the United States in 1906 to escape pogroms. She was 11 years old when the family arrived in the country under the sponsorship of an uncle, Dr. Morris V. Leof, a doctor who had emigrated some years earlier. She attended the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art (now the University of the Arts), where in 1930 she won second prize in pottery by the bequest of Mrs. Charles F. Judson. In 1957, she was hired by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts to teach ceramic sculpture and clay modeling. In that year's annual report, the academy noted that it was fortunate to have hired the “exemplary” Serber. She taught evening classes at the school at least until 1961. Serber taught at Alfred University and as an adjunct art teacher at the Moore College of Art. She was also a lecturer at the Festival House School in Lenox, Massachusetts in 1959 where she discussed the sculptures she had done in churches and synagogues. Stonelain In 1950, Serber and Finnish ceramicist William Soini created a glaze technique that combined the durability of stoneware with the texture of porcelain. It was developed in the laboratories of the Associated American Artists in New York. Serber and Soini produced glazes in such colors of peacock blue and oxblood (sang de boeuf) that were used in pieces designed by artists. The process fitted neatly into Associated's mission of providing affordable art – the group started with prints - for the middle class. Serber, Soini, and other well-known painters, sculptors and ceramists designed pieces sold by Associated under the label "Stonelain." High fired, the pieces were touted for their brilliant colors. Sold in department stores, they included vases, bowls, ashtrays, cigarette boxes, pitchers, tiles and American folklore figurines. They were signed by the artists, and bore an engraved outline of artist Gwen Lux's "Ubangi" pitcher with the word "Stonelain" and an intertwined “SS” for Serber and Soini. The various artists worked in teams: ceramicists made the pottery in kilns, sculptors supplied the form and painters created the decorations. As a Ceramicist Serber considered her best work a mural titled “The History of Shelter” in the lobby of the 2601 Parkway apartment building in Philadelphia. With New York painter Nicholas Marsicano in 1940, she built a tile mural measuring 144 feet long and 4 ½ feet wide that ran along the top of the walls of the lobby. At the time, the elegant apartment building was the third largest in the country and the largest in Philadelphia. In ads, the owners touted the ceramic murals among the enticements for renters. A photo of the mural is included in Eleanor Bittermann's 1952 book "Art in Modern Architecture." She wrote that the 12 panels of tiles produced a silhouette effect reminiscent of Gothic stained glass, notable for their technical rather than aesthetic quality.“I wanted a feeling of stained glass,” Serber wrote in a letter to the Fairmount Park Commission in 1973. It was seeking her advice on which of her works to use in a new book. “The tiles were not cut in random. We wanted some sort of design. After working twenty hours a day for six months the mural was finished on the promised date. The mural was born!” Serber and Marsicano designed and fired the tiles in her studio. “It was the first of its kind and it began to lift ceramics from Craft into Art form. It was the first time a woman undertook such a commission, and it was the first mural of its kind. Picasso, years later as you know, began to do ceramics and of course that definitely put ceramics in its Art form.”In several articles starting as far back as 1938, she was described as a “craftsman,” not an artist. Serber was one of three professional women prominently shown in a photo display titled “Women Whose Jobs Make News Headlines” in the Philadelphia Inquirer in 1939. Her photo bore the title “World-Famous Hands.” She was described as an internationally famous ceramics artist whose pottery was exhibited worldwide. She chose clay as a medium, the newspaper stated, as a means of expressing herself artistically. She had studios in Philadelphia and Newark, NJ, where she worked on fabricating a mural for Cuba and whose opening in 1946 was noted in the New York Times. She was identified as a New York and Philadelphia artist. She opened the studio with artist Hugh Mesibov. Serber supported herself through commissions, mostly from architectural firms, and financial help from her brothers. Commissions and exhibitions Serber produced ceramic-tile designs for buildings in several cities. They include: Philadelphia Health Center, “A Mythological interpretation of Outer Space.” Serber entered a photo of this installation in a Philadelphia Art Alliance exhibit in 1965 that featured 39 artists and about 50 architects from the Philadelphia area. A reviewer noted that the mural melded Chinese, baroque and Mayan styles. Congregation Rodeph Shalom synagogue, “Jacob’s Dream,” 1965. Another of her entries in the Art Alliance exhibit was a photo of a mural at the synagogue. The reviewer noted that it resembled a drawing. St. Mary's Church, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. She created the floor tiles. The project was entered in the 1960 National Gold Medal Exhibition of the Building Arts sponsored by the Architectural League of New York. The exhibit traveled for two years in the United States and Canada. Deborah Hospital, Rogosin Heart Pavilion, Brownsville, NJ, 1966. She produced a mural in the Tree of Life room. It was a ceramic tile image measuring 14 feet long and 10 feet high and depicting the creation of life.   Auriesville Shrine of the North American Martyrs (now Our Lady of Martyrs Shrine), Auriesville, NY, Shrine Dining Hall, 1963. Serber created two murals depicting the saints coming to Auriesville and the vision of Saint Isaac Joques during his captivity by the Mohawks. She produced 74 tiles of Native American symbols, along with eight shields of the martyr saints and the Indian woman Kateri Tekakwitha. Lewis Tower Building lobby, Philadelphia, 1959. Serber was hired to decorate the enlarged lobby with tile and marble. The renovated building has been renamed the Aria Condos. 19th-century firefighting scene at a fire station, Northeast Philadelphia. Ceramic tile of eagle, American Legion Playground, Northeast Philadelphia. Pair of ceramic lamps for Elsie de Wolfe, considered the first interior designer in the United States, known for outfitting the homes of the country's elite starting in the early 1900s. For several years, Serber participated in the prestigious National Ceramics Exhibition organized by the Syracuse Museum of Art in New York. In 1936, she was represented in the juried show with a gray bowl. In the 1939 show, she submitted a plate and a hand-thrown bowl with majolica decoration. In the 1957 show, her entry was an oval stoneware bowl. At the exhibition's 1946 competition, she submitted a stoneware panel called “Hoeing” as well as a stoneware plate. The image for the panel came from a painting by her longtime friend Robert Gwathmey, a social realist artist who was well known for painting non-stereotypical images of Southern Blacks. Serber produced several ceramic plates with Gwathmey's images, including “End of Day.” In his one-man show in 1946 at the ACA Gallery in New York, Gwathmey presented reproductions of two of her ceramic pieces. Advocate for Philadelphia artists Serber was active with the Philadelphia chapter of Artists Equity Association, a group of professional artists founded in 1949, two years after the national group. The group was instrumental in developing a policy requiring that one percent of all new construction costs for city buildings and redevelopment projects be set aside for fine art. She was on the board and served two terms as president of Artists Equity. She and several other former presidents were noticeably absent from a 1999 exhibit held by a re-formed Artists Equity group, as one reviewer noted. Serber often complained that local artists were not properly recognized, forcing many to head to New York where they received a warmer reception from museums and galleries. In 1963, she accused the Philadelphia Museum of Art of disrespecting Philadelphia artists by excluding them from its “Collectors Exhibit” of 20th Century art. In 1967, she was embroiled in a controversy surrounding an art festival that, she said, disallowed professional artists from participating in the planning and submitting works. As Equity president, she was among the members who boycotted the festival. On the 17th anniversary of founding of the local Equity, she was among 38 members who opened their studios in the city and the suburbs to the public in 1966. In a newspaper article, she was shown in her studio working on a ceramic plaque. She had recently completed a mural at John Welsh public school. Her studio was a barn with a kiln on the second floor and sleeping quarters on the first. Serber was a member of the United American Artists (UAA) labor union, as was Marsicano. Both were mentioned as creators of the 2601 mural in a news story about UAA's national exhibit in 1940 in New York. Political participation In 1937, Serber donated pottery to the UAA forerunner, the Artists Union, to raise funds for medical aid to Spanish Loyalists. During the 1940s, she was active in protests involving local and federal officials and Communist organizations. In 1940, she signed a petition to protest a federal raid on the headquarters of the Communist Party and the International Workers Office in Philadelphia. The signers, including Marsicano, called the raid a threat to the Bill of Rights, contending that people were not allowed to call their attorneys and documents were seized that were not in the search warrant. The petition was read into the Congressional Record. In 1941, she headed a committee in charge of an auction to raise money for the Philadelphia Committee for People's Rights Campaign to Defend the Bill of Rights. Also that year, she was among the members of the same group who met with the Philadelphia police chief to protest the arrests of petitioners soliciting signatures to place Communist Party candidates on the Pennsylvania ballot. Serber, treasurer of the group, and the three women accompanying her said they were not interested in the Communist Party but in civil liberties. She was president of the Philadelphia Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder in 1942. The committee sent a telegram to President Roosevelt congratulating him for commuting Browder's sentence on passport violations. While Artists Equity president in 1966, she was the contact person for a project to sell donated artwork to raise money for artists in Florence, Italy, which had been devastated by flooding. In 1968, she organized a fundraiser for the campaign of Sen. Eugene McCarthy (no relation to Joseph McCarthy) whereby artists donated paintings, prints and sculptures for sale. Personal In 1928, Serber married attorney David Serber, a widower with three children. His oldest, Robert Serber, became an assistant to J. Robert Oppenheimer on the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb at the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico in the early 1940s. Robert's wife Charlotte Serber, Frances’ cousin, was librarian at the facility.   By 1973, Serber had moved to Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, where she died in 1978 at age 84. Her works are in many private collections. Collections San Diego Museum of Art St. Joseph's University, Philadelphia Exhibitions Syracuse Museum of Art, 1936, 1939, 1946, 1957 Philadelphia Art Alliance, 1938,  1939, 1942, 1965 Y. M. & Y. W. H. A., Philadelphia, 1938 ACA Gallery (in Robert Gwathmey's exhibit), 1946 Museum of Contemporary Arts, 1960 Stanford University Museum of Art, 1984 References 1895 births 1978 deaths Muralists American ceramists

69804271

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%20Killinger

Frans Killinger

Frans Pavel Vaclav Killinger (14 November 1875 – 1936) was a military officer and police inspector in Suriname who planned to commit the first coup d'état in Suriname on the night of 25 to 26 May 1910. The coup was betrayed, and he was sentenced to death which was later commuted to five years imprisonment. In December 1913, he was released from jail. Later, he enlisted in the cavalry of the Ottoman Army as Muhammed Tewfig Killinger. Biography Killinger was born on 14 November 1875, in Hodony, Austria-Hungary. His father wanted him to become a priest, however Killinger volunteered for the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1894. He accidentally shot and wounded a fellow soldier and was sentenced to two months for carelessness. In 1899, he was discharged from the army. Killinger tried to go the Transvaal to participate in the Second Boer War, however he was arrested in Hamburg. After paying a fine, he received permission to enlist in the Dutch Army. Initially he wanted to join the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army but was rejected for poor eyesight. He was allowed to sign up for the Netherlands Armed Forces in Suriname. On 8 December 1899, Killinger arrived in Suriname. On 17 June 1900, he deserted with eight other soldiers, and was jailed for several days. On 9 July, he received a temporarily appointment to the police department. In 1904, he was promoted police inspector. In May 1906, he married Louise Neumann from Paramaribo. Coup d'état In 1908, while on an educational leave to Europe, Killinger procured a loan of DM 50,000 with Marlitt, a German banker, for his planned coup d'état. He also left his wife behind in Germany, and married Clara Doppelt in London on 6 November 1909. When he returned to Suriname, the initial plan failed, because the promised loan was never delivered, and Neumann, his ex-wife, managed to return to Suriname on 4 April 1910, and filed for divorce. The divorce was granted on 17 June, and after selling the house, Neumann left for New York City. On 1 October, his son Fereinz Napoleon Doppelt was born. Killinger started to discuss his plans to overthrow the government and install a dictatorship with his fellow policemen. He managed to recruit six accomplishes. Killinger would lead the new republic as President-Dictator. Suriname would have a bicameral legislature, but without ministers. He would compensate the Netherlands for its losses and assumed that the United States and South American countries would back him. He would end corruption, assure better treatment for the immigrants, diversify the economy, and strengthen the police force. The gasworks in Paramaribo would be closed down and replaced by an hydro-electric plant. The plan was to attack the telegraph and telephone station, Governor's Palace, the Central Bank and Fort Zeelandia where 150 soldiers were stationed. They would arm themselves using guns from the police station, and batons which had been purchased by Willem Arduin. Police officer Jatan was tasked to recruit a militia of Indo-Surinamese lathi warriors from sugar estate Mariënburg where a 1902 strike had turned into a massacre. He had talked with 17 people, but not managed to convince a single one. Jatan told Killinger at a conspiracy meeting that he had recruited 45 warriors. The attack was scheduled for the night of 25 to 26 May 1910. Former police officer Jacob Schoonhoven was asked to form a posse of strong and tough men, however he had second thoughts, discussed the matter with his priest, and reported Killinger to the Prosecutor General. On 19 May, Killinger was summoned to report to the Prosecutor General, and was immediately suspended pending investigation. On 23 May 1910, Killinger and six accomplishes were arrested. On 13 March 1911, the trial started. During the trial, Killinger affirmed that he considered it his duty to correct injustices in Suriname even it meant breaking the law. Captain Hirschmann, in charge of security of Fort Zeelandia, considered the plan impossible, because 40 armed soldiers were held in reserve who would have been alarmed by the noise. Nevertheless, the sentries near the gate could have been overwhelmed. Hirschmann was of the opinion that the plan would have required dynamite. On 3 April 1911, the judge considered that even though the coup was unlikely to succeed, it would have endangered the lives of the guards of Fort Zeelandia. Even though questions were raised about the mental health of Killinger, he was considered sane. Therefore, Killinger and accomplishes were guilty of conspiracy to overthrow the government, and sentenced to death. On 18 April, Governor Fock commuted Killinger's sentence to five-year imprisonment to be served in the Netherlands. Jatan, and the other accomplishes received 2 to 2½ years to be served in Suriname. Fock wrote in his report to the Minister of Colonies that there was no reason for concern, because he considered the plan a fantasy. He was more concerned, that Killinger had been allowed to join the army and police despite prior convictions. Aftermath On 20 April 1911, Killinger was sent to Amsterdam, where he arrived on 11 May 1911. In February 1912, Clara Doppelt, his second wife, moved from Paramaribo to Amsterdam. The co-conspirators were pardoned on 31 August 1912. Killinger was pardoned effective 1 December 1913. On 20 January 1914, Algemeen Handelsblad published an interview with Killinger who expressed no regrets, and was convinced that his coup would have been a success, if he had not been betrayed. He thanked the Dutch government for their humane treatment of the incident. Killinger and Doppelt left for Hannover on 23 April 1914. In 1917, it was reported that he had converted to Islam, and had enlisted in the cavalry of the Ottoman Army as Muhammed Tewfig Killinger. He remarried Carla Doppelt in Constantinople. As an Ottoman officer, he had fought in Mesopotamia and the Caucasus during World War I. After World War I, Killinger moved to Prague, and joined the police. In 1919, he visited the Netherlands to promote the fledgling Czechoslovak Republic. Notions that there was animosity between the Germans, Czechs and Slovaks were brushed aside by Killinger who painted an image of a prosperous, peaceful and democratic republic. Most sources state that Killinger died in 1936 in Turkey, however Wolfgang Killinger claims that he died in 1962 in Ansbach, Bohemia, Germany. A later year of death is likely, because when Suriname became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1954, a letter from Killinger was received by the Surinamese government in which he congratulated Suriname on their autonomy, and stated that it was similar to what he had tried to accomplish for the colony. Other conspirators Jatan also Jathan ( 1862–9 November 1931) was born in British India and came to Suriname as an indentured labourer on 11 June 1878. He was sentenced to six months imprisonment for a fight on 9 July 1881. Jatan left for Calcutta on 13 August 1886 and returned as a free citizen on 20 May 1898. He was appointed police officer in October 1898. Jatan and Killinger were best friends, and the first person with whom the conspiracy was discussed. He tried to convince Killinger to abandon his plans. Louis Arduin ( 1880–6 April 1921) became a police officer in October 1901. He was a good friend of Killinger, and recruited the other conspirators including his two brothers. James Hughes (born 1877) was born in Demarara, British Guiana. He arrived in Suriname in 1892, and became police officer in March 1901. Hughes recruited his former colleague and friend Jacob Schoonhoven on 4 May. He expressed regret during the trial. Emile Sporkslede (born 1877) became a police officer in November 1898. On 20 April 1909, he saved and resuscitated a drowning child, and was awarded a medal. Johannes Arduin ( 1869–22 February 1950) was the older brother of Louis who worked on a sawmill. Willem Arduin (1870– 1941) was another brother of Louis who was a carpenter. See also Simon Sanches Notes References Bibliography 1875 births 1936 deaths Surinamese police officers People from Timiș County Ottoman Army officers Surinamese military personnel Austro-Hungarian military personnel Prisoners sentenced to death by Suriname Bigamists Year of death uncertain

69804548

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina%20Rush-Kittle

Regina Rush-Kittle

Regina Rush-Kittle (born January 2, 1961) is an American law enforcement officer, soldier, and public administrator. She has held trailblazing leadership roles in the Connecticut State Police, the US Army Reserve, and the Connecticut State Division of Emergency Management and Homeland Security. She was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 2017. Early life and education Rush-Kittle was born in Baltimore on January 2, 1961, and moved with her family to Middletown, Connecticut, in 1968. She graduated Middletown High School in 1979 and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of Connecticut in 1983. As a junior in college, she enlisted in the US Marine Corps Reserve, serving for three years. Law enforcement career Post-college, Rush-Kittle worked as a corrections officer at the York Correctional Institution for two years and joined the Middletown Police Department as its first African American female patrol officer in 1985. She attended the state police academy in 1987 and joined the state police. She rose through the ranks to become the first African American woman to serve as sergeant (1996), lieutenant (2004), or major (2011) in the Connecticut State Police. She was also first woman to command a Connecticut State Police barracks (2004) and the first woman to serve as commandant of the Connecticut State Police Training Academy (2011). She commanded the Bureau of Professional Standards and Compliance and in April 2015 was named commandant of the central district headquarters, one of three statewide. She retired in August 2015 after 30 years of state service. She went on to serve as deputy chief of the police department in Millbury, Massachusetts, until February 2017. She earned a master's degree in criminal justice administration from Western New England College in 1997 and graduated from the FBI National Academy in 2011. In 2019, she received an honorary doctorate in criminal justice from the University of New Haven, where she delivered the keynote address at commencement. She is a past president of the National Association of Black Law Enforcement Officers. Military career After serving three years in the Marine Corps Reserve, Rush-Kittle transferred to the US Army Reserves in 1985 and became a drill sergeant. Given her law enforcement career, she sought to enlist in the Military Police Corps but was rejected because at 5'2, she failed the height requirement by two inches. She deployed to Kuwait for one year in 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Her unit handled logistics, distributing medical supplies and equipment. In 2009, she served a yearlong deployment to Afghanistan as a part of an all-female command team and received the Bronze Star Medal. From May 2009 to August 2010, Rush-Kittle served as Command Sergeant Major (the US Army's highest enlisted rank) of the 321st Military Intelligence Battalion, currently based in Arizona. She retired from the military in March 2012 after completing 30 years of military service. Public administration From January 2019 to December 2021, Rush-Kittle served as deputy commissioner of the Connecticut Division of Emergency Management and Homeland Security, part of the Connecticut Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection. She was appointed to the office by Governor Ned Lamont. In November 2021, Mayor Justin Elicker appointed Rush-Kittle to be chief administrative officer of New Haven, Connecticut, overseeing two-thirds of the city's public employees. Personal life She married William Kittle in 1997. They met while both were serving in the Army Reserves. Kittle began his first day of state police academy training on the day of their weeding. He is a state police master sergeant and retired Connecticut Army National Guard first sergeant. The couple has two adult children, Jorrell and Gianna. References 1961 births Living people People from Baltimore University of Connecticut alumni Western New England University alumni American women police officers African-American police officers American state police officers United States Army reservists

69804617

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Yitzchok%20Eisenman

Ron Yitzchok Eisenman

Ron Yitzchok Eisenman (Hebrew: רון יצחק אייזנמן; born 1959) is an American Orthodox rabbi, teacher and author. The long-time rabbi of Congregation Ahavas Israel in Passaic, New Jersey, Eisenman is a professor at Lander College For Women (a division of Touro College), and a contributor to Mishpacha, a Jewish magazine. Eisenman has been outspoken in his support and defense of Orthodox sex abuse victims. Early life Ron Yitzchok Eisenman was born to an Orthodox Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, where he was also raised. After attending the Yeshivah of Flatbush high school, he studied at Yeshiva University (YU). In 1979, following his second year there, Eisenman traveled to Israel in order to study at Yeshivat Har Etzion, coming under the wing of its leader, Aharon Lichtenstein. Eisenman, who used to carry the rabbi's sefarim (books) for him to the shiur (class), later said that Lichtenstein was one of the unique individuals who left a profound impact on him. Eisenman returned to the United States, where he received semikhah (rabbinic ordination — "Yoreh Yoreh") from Joseph B. Soloveitchik of YU, and "Yadin Yadin" from the Kollel L'dayanus of the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. He later went on to study at other yeshivas and kollelim in the United States and Israel. Career In 1997, Eisenman was appointed as the rabbi of Congregation Ahavas Israel in Passaic, New Jersey. Under his leadership, the synagogue had grown to the point where it hosted forty minyanim (prayer groups) a day, catering to the needs of 250 families in 2009. With a following of approximately one quarter of Passaic's Jewish population, he was one of the most prominent rabbis in the city. Eisenman has taught at Bruriah High School and at Bais Yaakov. He teaches as a professor at Lander College For Women, a division of Touro College. Eisenman is a popular columnist for Mishpacha, a Jewish magazine, and has authored several books. A prolific speaker, he acts as a scholar-in-residence. In May 2021, Eisenman falsely characterized an Orthodox charity campaign as a scam that was connected to an interfaith organization. The error occurred because the name of the Jewish charity, the International Jewish Chesed Foundation (IJCF) pointed to the International Fellowship of Christians and Jews (IFCJ) when entered into a search engine. Eisenman also stated that his suspicion was aroused due to the location of the Jewish charity being in Delaware, apparently not aware of how that state's tax laws were attractive to non-profits. While he later issued an apology letter, he nevertheless abstained from endorsing the charity. Advocacy for sexual abuse victims Soon after taking the pulpit in the late 1990s, Eisenman has been outspoken in his support and defense of Orthodox sex abuse victims. A self-proclaimed "anti-establishment" figure, and a "Maverick" to others, he organized a special panel in 2009 to address the issue, receiving pushback from some corners of the community. He has insisted that sexual abuse should be promptly reported to the police. In the wake of sexual assault allegations surrounding Haredi children's' author Chaim Walder, Eisenman published a strong letter condemning Walder, even encouraging people to throw his books out of the house. Eisenman's intention was to stave off any further emotional damage to Walder's victims. Personal life Eisenman lives with his family in Passaic. His married children live in New York and Israel. Works The Elephant in the Room: Torah, Wisdom, & Inspiration for Life (2012) For Everything a Time: A Journey Through the Year (2013) Shul with a View: A Rabbi's Personal Journal (2018) References Living people 1959 births American Orthodox rabbis Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary semikhah recipients Yeshivat Har Etzion Orthodox rabbis

69806957

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Williams%20%28serial%20killer%29

Kenneth Williams (serial killer)

Kenneth Dewayne Williams (February 23, 1979 – April 27, 2017) was an American serial killer who killed four people in Arkansas and Missouri. Originally sentenced to life without parole in Arkansas for killing a cheerleader in 1998, Williams escaped from prison in a 500-gallon barrel of pig slop in 1999. He then shot and killed another man and stole his truck several miles away from the prison, before unintentionally killing another man in a police chase in Missouri. Williams was convicted of the murder he committed shortly after escaping prison and was sentenced to death. In 2005, he confessed to committing another murder in 1998. Williams became the last of four inmates executed in Arkansas in April 2017. Early life Williams' parents both had learning difficulties, and his mother was a drug addict who smoked while she was pregnant. Williams' father abused his wife and his children. According to Williams, he would frequently beat him, his mother, and his brothers. At one point, his father kidnapped his mother, holding her at gunpoint for several days. Rarely supervised, Williams started smoking marijuana at the age of 6, and joined the Gangster Disciples and started drinking beer at the age of 9. He moved in and out of several foster homes and juvenile reform schools. After being molested when he was 8, Williams said he started raping other children. "I grew bitter and angry; I was guilt-ridden, too ashamed to speak out, and so I suffered in silence and in loneliness, out of which came forth a vengeance and a vow: never again to be a victimized prey—to be the one on the offense, not the defense; to be the predator, not the prey. In order to survive, in my adolescent mind, I thought it better this way." Williams stopped in his pre-teen years, saying "I reached the conclusion that being the offender doesn’t give you any more advantage than being a victim." In 1996, Williams was sentenced to five years in prison for first degree escape and second degree battery. He was released from prison on April 2, 1998. Initial murders and incarceration On December 13, 1998, Williams, then 19, abducted University of Arkansas pre-med student Dominique “Nikki” Hurd, 19, and her boyfriend, Peter Robertson, from a parking lot in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Robertson later said he and Hurd had been taking photos with each other when Williams showed up and offered to take a photo of them together. Williams pulled out a revolver and ordered the couple into their car, before robbing them of their money, jewelry, and credit cards. He then forced Robertson to drive him to an ATM and withdraw additional cash. Williams had Robertson drive through several dead-end streets around time. As they drove, Williams repeatedly told the couple he would not hurt them. At one of the dead-ends, Williams had the two get out. He then had Robertson take a picture of Hurd with her dress lifted up and her underwear pulled down. Afterwards, Williams had the couple get back in the car and drive to another dead-end. After they got out, Williams had them climb a fence and kneel down behind a nearby shed, and then got back into the car. After taking Hurd's purse, he asked the two where they were from. Hurd said she was from Dallas and Robertson said he was from New Jersey. Williams then replied “I don't like the niggers from Dallas anyway,” and started shooting the couple, emptying his revolver before driving off. He later abandoned and burned the car. Hurd died from a gunshot wound to the head, while Robertson survived, got picked up by a passing car, and went home to call the police. On December 18, 1998, Williams was charged with one count of capital murder, one count of attempted capital murder, two counts of kidnapping, two counts of aggravated robbery, two counts of theft of property, and one count of arson. He was convicted of all of the charges. Prosecutors sought a death sentence for Williams, but the jury spared him execution and instead gave him a life sentence without parole. After learning his life would be spared, Williams taunted Hurd's family, saying "You thought I was going to die, didn’t you?" Williams was sent to the Cummins Unit to serve out his life sentence. Prison escape, additional killings, and execution On October 3, 1999, less than a month after he was sentenced to life in prison, Williams escaped by going into the kitchen and hiding inside a 500-gallon barrel of pig slop that was taken out by a truck. After the truck drove out of the prison, Williams jumped out and hid in a ditch. After hiding there for some time, he got out and ran to the highway, heading northwest. He eventually came across the home of 57-year-old Cecil Boren, a farmer and retired prison warden. Cecil was in his yard while his wife, Genie Boren, was at church. Williams stole one of Cecil's guns, a .22 caliber Ruger pistol. As Cecil walked inside, Williams shot him in the chest, then shot him six more times as he tried to flee, including once in the head. Williams then dragged his body inside, stole his wallet, some of his jewelry, several more of his guns, and other valuables. He then dressed himself in some of Cecil's clothes before taking his truck and driving north to Missouri. The next day, Williams was spotted by an officer in Lebanon, Missouri. After initially pulling over, he suddenly drove off. This led to a high-speed chase that spanned roughly 60 miles. At one point, Williams was driving at 120 miles per hour. The crash was suddenly halted when Williams struck a vehicle in front of him. The driver, 24-year-old Culligan water delivery truck driver Michael Greenwood, was ejected and killed. After his truck was disabled by the crash, Williams fled on foot and was apprehended shortly afterwards. He reportedly spat on Greenwood's body after the crash. Williams was not prosecuted for killing Greenwood, but faced charges for killing Boren. On August 29, 2000, Williams was convicted of theft of property and capital murder, with the underlying felonies of aggravated robbery and first degree escape. He was sentenced to death the following day. In May 2005, Williams wrote a letter to the Pine Bluff Commercial, apologizing for his crimes and saying he had found God. "I hit rock bottom, and most people would say that’s where I belong", Williams said. "People have always asked me, ‘Why did you kill those innocent people?’ I really didn't know how to answer that question, until now. When you live a sinful life away from God, anything is possible. That includes mass murder. Learn from my mistakes." Williams also confessed to another murder committed on the same day he killed Hurd. He had robbed 36-year-old Jerrell Jenkins and shot him twice in the chest with a .357 caliber handgun. His body was discovered in a ditch by a child going to school. In December 2005, Williams pleaded guilty to capital murder, aggravated robbery, and theft of property for killing Jenkins and received another life sentence. Williams said finding God got him to confess, writing "I take full responsibility for my actions and whatever consequences my peers see fit. Without God being in my life, I never would have confessed to these crimes. I would have denied them until I went to my grave. I know that the embarrassment and shame that I brought upon my community is unacceptable and intolerable. As a community, we are supposed to love one another and work together as one. What we do as individuals reflects upon our communities." While on death row, Williams became an ordained minister. Twenty days before his execution, he wrote an article for The Marshall Project. In it, Williams expressed remorse for his crimes. He initially expressed frustration over his death sentence, saying "I thought: Have they forgotten I am human, or do they just not care?" However, Williams then blamed himself for being on death row in the first place, saying "Then I thought: Wasn’t it my disregard for human life that got me in this situation to begin with?" On April 27, 2017, Williams was executed by lethal injection at the Cummins Unit. He was the last of four men executed in Arkansas that year. The others were Ledell Lee, Jack Harold Jones, and Marcel Williams. Kenneth Williams' last meal consisted of two pieces of fried chicken with a side of sweet rice, BBQ pinto beans, a slice of bread, a peanut butter cookie, and a cinnamon roll. Williams read his last words from a written statement held by a prison official: "I humbly extend my sincerest of apologies to the families I senselessly wronged and deprived of their loved ones. The families of: Dominique Hurd, Jerrell Jenkins, Cecil Boren, Michael Greenwood. I was more than wrong. The crimes I perpetrated against you all was senseless, extremely hurtful and inexcusable. I humbly beg you your forgiveness, and pray you find the peace, healing, and closure, you all deserve. … I’m not the person I was, I’ve been transformed. Some things can't be undone, I seek forgiveness." The execution drew attention after Kayla Greenwood, the daughter of Michael Greenwood, bought plane tickets for Williams' daughter, Jasmine Johnson, who he had not seen in 17 years, and his 3-year-old granddaughter, who he had never met, so they could fly from Washington State to Arkansas to meet with him for the last time. Kayla said she had forgiven Williams and did not want him to die. Williams' execution was the subject of a BBC Three episode of Life and Death Row. See also Capital punishment in Arkansas List of most recent executions by jurisdiction List of people executed in Arkansas List of people executed in the United States in 2017 List of serial killers in the United States References 1979 births 2017 deaths American male criminals Male serial killers American people convicted of murder People convicted of murder by Arkansas 21st-century executions of American people 21st-century executions by Arkansas Executed American serial killers People executed by Arkansas by lethal injection

69807288

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland%20shooting

Cleveland shooting

Cleveland shooting may refer to: Case Western Reserve University shooting, a school shooting in 2003 SuccessTech Academy shooting, a school shooting in 2007 Killing of Tamir Rice, the fatal shooting of an African American boy by Cleveland police in 2014 Shooting of Robert Godwin, a murder committed at random in 2017

69807333

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%2C%20Ohio%20shooting

Columbus, Ohio shooting

Columbus, Ohio shooting may refer to: Columbus nightclub shooting, a mass shooting at a nightclub that killed five, including musician Dimebag Darrell and the gunman Killing of Andre Hill, the fatal shooting of an African American man by Columbus police in 2020 Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant, the fatal shooting of an African American girl by Columbus police in 2021

69807451

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022%20Myanmar%20insurgency

2021–2022 Myanmar insurgency

Armed revolution by the People's Defence Force of the National Unity Government (also known as People's Defensive War) have erupted throughout Myanmar in response to the military government's crackdown on anti-coup protests. The conflict has been described as a civil war by the UN Human Rights chief rather than an insurgency. The fatalities during 2021 have been estimated to between 1,300 and 2,440 people. Background On the morning of 1 February 2021, the Tatmadaw successfully deposed the elected Myanmar government, forming a military junta. Former president Win Myint was arrested for allegedly violating COVID-19 restrictions and Min Aung Hlaing was placed as the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services and de facto ruler of the nation. The exact motives behind the coup are unclear, the Tatmadaw claim the 2020 general elections had 8.6 million voter irregularities in the days prior to the coup, but presented no evidence. It's believed the coup might have been a way to reestablish the military's long-reigning power over of the country which ended ten years prior. The bloody repression of anti-coup demonstrations led to the creation of armed groups to fight the State Administration Council, the military junta birmanese. Gathered under the name of the People's Defence Force (PDF) and under the orders of the National Unity Government (NUG), formed by former parliamentarians in office before the coup d'état, the PDF and the NUG officially declare a "defensive war" against the military regime in September 2021. Timeline 2021 March In late March, it was reported that dozens of protesters had travelled to Myanmar's border areas to enlist in and train under one of the country's many insurgent groups, elevating the risk of a countrywide civil war. The CRPH also proposed the formation of a "federal armed force" to combat the military. The Kachin Independence Army (KIA) has already been on the offensive against the military since February, and in late March the Arakan Army (AA) threatened to end its ceasefire with the military should the latter "persist in massacring civilians". Also since late March, protesters in Myanmar have increasingly begun arming themselves with homemade weapons such as guns in an attempt to defend themselves against attacks by the military. Clashes with soldiers and IED attacks against administrative buildings and police stations have become more common as armed resistance to the Tatmadaw by protesters has become a rising trend. On 25 March, the KIA seized the military base of Alaw Bum near Laiza. On 11 April, the junta military launched an attack to recapture the base using airstrikes and ground troops but had to retreat amidst heavy casualties. On 26 March, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) attacked a military base, killing 10 soldiers and taking others hostages in the first attack on the military since the protests began. The first day of openly armed resistance against the coup came on 28 March when protesters in the town of Kalay when armed protesters fought back against soldiers and security forces attacking a protest camp, with clashes also taking place in villages in Kale township. April The town of Taze became another frequent site of clashes, such as on 8 April when protesters fought back against soldiers with hunting rifles and firebombs in a battle that resulted in 11 protesters' deaths. The same day, the country surpassed 600 deaths related to anti-coup protests since 1 February. On 4 April, seven insurgent groups who were signatories to the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement aligned themselves with the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, including the All Burma Student Democratic Front and the Karen National Union. On 10 April, when the Northern Alliance, comprising the Arakan Army, the Ta’ang National Liberation Army and the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, attacked a police station in Naungmon, Shan State, killing at least 10 police officers. On 16 April, pro-democracy politician Min Ko Naing announced the formation of the National Unity Government, with people of ethnic minority groups among senior roles and said that ousted leaders Aung San Suu Kyi and Win Myint would retain their positions and that members of the Kachin and Karen minorities would have top priority in the new parallel government. In the same announcement, Min Ko Naing asked the international community for recognition over the junta. On 26 April, the Chinland Defense Force began an armed resistance in Mindat, Chin State. On 12 May, the military stormed the town to end the resistance. May Six Tatmadaw soldiers were killed in an ambush by the Chinland Defense Force in Hakha, Chin State, on 16 May. On the same day, the Tatmadaw launched airstrikes in Kayin State in response to the Karen National Liberation Army's capture and scorching of a Tatmadaw military base. On 5 May, the National Unity Government declared the formation of an armed wing, the People's Defence Force (PDF) to protect its supporters from military junta attacks and as a first step towards a Federal Union Army. The People's Defence Force clashed with the Tatmadaw in the town of Muse on 23 May, killing at least 13 members of Myanmar's security forces. Members of the Karenni People's Defence Force (KPDF) in Kayah State also captured and destroyed several Tatmadaw outposts near the state capital of Loikaw. On 29 and 30 May 2021, the Tatmadaw used artillery and helicopters to strike PDF and KPDF positions in Loikaw and Demoso. On 30 May, the Kachin Independence Army joined the anti-coup People's Defence Force battling junta troops in Katha Township, killing eight regime soldiers. Fighting was also continuing in Putao, Hpakant and Momauk Township. June From 1 to 3 June, fighting erupted in Myawaddy District in which the military and Karen Border Guard Force (BGF) battling against a combined force of Karen ethnic armed groups and PDF had left dozens of junta troops killed. On 22 June, junta forces using armoured vehicles raided a safehouse of the PDF in Mandalay, detaining a number of fighters. July On 2 July, media reported that Myanmar security forces have killed at least 25 people in a confrontation with opponents of the military junta in the central town of Tabayin. August On 20 August 50 junta soldiers were reportedly killed in a series of landmine attacks by resistance fighters in Gangaw Township. September On 7 September, the NUG declared a state emergency across the nation and launched a people's defensive war against the military junta. On 10 September, at least 17 people have been killed during clashes between the military and resistance militia in Myin Thar village, Magway region. On 14 September, the National Unity Government claimed that over 1700 junta soldiers had been killed and 630 wounded in fighting during the previous three months. On 21 September, over 40 junta soldiers were reported killed during firefights in Kayah State and the Sagaing Region on 19 September. At least 6 civilian fighters were also killed in the clashes. On 22 September, nearly 8,000 residents of Thantlang town, Chin state, have fled to Mizoram, India after houses were set ablaze by the junta army. On 27 September, over 30 junta soldiers and at least 14 civilian resistance fighters were reported killed in clashes over the previous weekend in several townships in Sagaing Region and Chin and Kayah States. On 28 September, at least 20 junta soldiers were reported killed in ambushes in Shan state. At least 4 resistance fighters died in the clashes, as well as an unarmed 70 year old civilian. October On 6 October, over 40 junta soldiers were killed in ambushes in Gangaw Township, Magwe Region. On 7 October, junta controlled media reported at least 406 junta informants had been killed and 285 wounded since 1 February in targeted attacks by resistance forces. On the same day, Brigadier-General Phyo Thant, a senior commander of the North-western junta forces was reportely detained after allegedly contacting resistance forces with the intention to defect, making him the highest-ranking official to have attempted to defect so far. On 11 October, around 90 junta soldiers were reported killed in clashes in the Sagaing and Magwe regions, and Kayah State in fighting over the previous weekend. November On 16 November, junta forces overran and captured the base camp of Kalay PDF in a southwestern district of the Sagaing Region town of Kalay. A total of 9 Kalay PDF medics were captured and 2 PDF fighters were killed, in which the PDF personnels were from the Kalay PDF's Battalion 3. On 17 November, dozens of junta forces ambushed and captured an outpost of the Moebye People's Defence Force (PDF) in southern Shan State's Pekhon Township. The PDF fighters guarding the outpost were asleep when a military unit from Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) 422 carried out an ambush. The junta forces had the resistance fighters surrounded resulting in the resistance fighters having to retreat from the outpost. On 23 November, some 30 junta soldiers in 10 military vehicles along with a bulldozer, ambushed and destroyed a base belonging to Monywa PDF's Squadron 205 near Palin village in Monywa, Sagaing Region, forcing resistance fighters to flee. The base was also the site of a workshop where the PDF had made explosive devices. During the raid, junta troops set fire to two such buildings where weapons had been stockpiled. This also resulted in the junta forces successfully reoccurring the Palin village. On 25 November, junta forces ambushed and killed 4 resistance fighters from Karenni National Defence Force (KNDF) near the village of Hohpeik in Kayah State's Demoso Township. The 4 resistance fighters were part of a scouting team of 6 men that was ambushed by troops from Light Infantry Battalion 427 at around 5:30am. Furthermore, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) clashed with around 100 junta soldiers near Kachinthay, a village about 16km east of the town of Shwegu. KIA refused to address rumours of them working with People's Defence Force and did not provide casualty figures of KIA from the clash. The clash occurred after an aerial bombardment allegedly carried out by 2 of the recently acquired Su-30 fighter jets that the Myanmar military have been testing. On the same day, Matupi CDF teamed up with the Chin National Army to attack an outpost of Light Infantry Battalion 304 on the road linking Matupi to the town of Paletwa. However, the resistance forces only managed to kill 2 junta soldiers on guard duty before having to retreat. On 26 November, resistance fighters from the Chinland Defence Force (CDF) attacked a government office where 10 soldiers were stationed near the Chin State town of Matupi, killing just 2 junta soldiers. On 28 November, the body of a dead PDF fighter who was previously captured by junta forces was found outside of a destroyed PDF base in the forested hills of the southeastern area of Madaya Township. The PDF fighter, Ye Thu Naing, was captured on 19 November and then forced to lead soldiers to the PDF base in which the soldiers then torched the base. December On 1 December, a little under a week after the junta launched airstrikes against the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) in Mohnyin, about 50 soldiers from Tatmadaw's Infantry Battalion 42 attacked KIA territory near Nyaung Htauk village in Mohnyin at around 8am and ended at about 6pm. KIA's information officer did not want to disclose the details of casualties on their side. There was also another clash on the same day near Wailon village, which sits along the road linking Hpakant with Mohnyin, about 17 miles from Hpakant's urban center in which the junta's artillery unit fired around 30 shells at the site of the clash between 3pm and 8pm in order to support the advance of the infantry unit. The junta forces also carried out a night operation in which they captured and burned a camp of the Thein Min PDF (TM-PDF) after a heavy firefight. The resistance fighters were then forced to retreat, resulting in 2 TM-PDF fighters killed and several others injured. On 7 December 10 December Salingyi G-Z Local People's Defence Force (PDF) fighters were captured and burned by junta soldiers in Done Taw in Salingyi Township, shortly before locals found the smoldering remains of their burnt bodies. This was after the PDF fighters detonated explosives in an attack against a military convoy travelling nearby, triggering an assault on the village by some 100 junta soldiers. An additional person burned was a civilian and the reason is unknown as to why he was burned. On 8 December, a 90-minute clash broke out between the CDF and Tatmadaw forces in military-occupied town of Thantlang. This was after Tatmadaw launched a major offensive again CDF that lead to the Tatmadaw forces being able to reoccupy the town from the CDF. 3 CDF fighters were reported to have died during the clash. More houses burned in military-occupied Thantlang this week, with well over a quarter of the Chin State town's buildings now destroyed in 12 incidents, which makes it difficult for CDF rebels to hide in the buildings. On 9 December, resistance fighters from the Myaing People's Defence Force (PDF) in Magway Region attacked two military vehicles with 3 handmade explosives in an ambush in the early morning. PDF claimed the ambush injured at least 3 soldiers. Later at noon, PDF attacked soldiers again who were leaving the village in Mintharkya on foot, sparking a shootout between the two sides. However, there are no casualty reports on this particular clash. On 12 December, after 4 days of fierce fighting between combined force of KNDF and Karenni Army (KA) fighters, and troops from the military's Light Infantry Battalion 428 and police, it was claimed by KNDF that 4 Tatmadaw soldiers were killed however, it was a pure guess as the KNDF spokesperson said, "We’re not sure if they died, but it’s safe to assume that at least three or four of their soldiers were severely injured". The Tatmadaw forces also killed 4 PDF-appointed community guards and 3 PDF fighters as well as injuring 3 PDF fighters in the village of Guang Kwe in the Sagaing region during two days of fighting. The resistance fighters then had to retreat from the village after military employed heavy weapons and snipers. On the same day, Tatmadaw troops killed 8 Mandalay civilian guerrilla groups when two resistance hideouts were raided. This came after the confession by a suspect involved in an attack against Tatmadaw troops, in which the Tatmadaw troops then raided the People's Defense Forces (PDF) in Maha Aung Myay and Pyigyitagon townships. Fighting occurred at the Maha Aung Myay base and seven PDF members were killed and a junta soldier suffered a minor bullet wound in his belly while another PDF fighter was killed in Pyigyitagon base after throwing a homemade bomb at junta forces and running away. On 13 December, Tatmadaw troops launched an offensive against PDF fighters as well as another another local resistance group calling itself Zayar 7 in Ke Bar village in Sagaing Region's Ayadaw Township which is assisted by artillery bombardment. The resistance fighters had to retreat due to the superior firepower of the assaulting Tatmadaw troops. In addition, Tatmadaw soldiers captured 12 suspected resistance fighters including 3 injured fighters due to after several bombs exploded by accident in Yangon's Hlaing Tharyar Township. 2 additional resistance fighters who escaped were also captured later on by plain clothed and armed Tatmadaw troops who were wearing bulletproof vests. There have been several other cases of guerrilla fighters across Myanmar dying in accidents caused by handmade explosives. Depayin PDF leader reported that Tatmadaw forces have surrounded the Sagaing's Depayin Township where PDF fighters are positioned. Depayin PDF leader also told Myanmar NOW, "Things are really bad here. They’re not even stopping anymore. They keep sending column after column to the region. Right after a column has passed the village, another column will come". Since last month the military has sent around 150 soldiers of the Airborne Division in six helicopters to the west of Depayin to carry out Air Assault missions. 14 December, around 200 Tatmadaw soldiers conducted a search in the town of Lay Kay Kaw Myothit, located near the Thai border which is under the control of KNU Brigade 6. Tatmadaw troops then arrested several people believed to be linked to anti-junta movements including a NLD lawmaker, Wai Lin Aung. The Tatmadaw troops, who arrived in four convoys from Light Infantry Battalion 560, also searched Lay Kay Kaw's residential Nyein Chan Yay ward looking for activists and members of the People's Defence Force. KNU Brigade 6 spokesperson did not answer to calls which are to ask if the group had authorised the raid. On 17 December 20 resistance fighters from Yaw Defence Force were killed after the Tatmadaw launched a surprise air assault on the village of Hnan Khar in Magway Region's Gangaw Township where YDF was holding a meeting. Three helicopters were involved in the air assault on the village. Hnan Khar is currently occupied by around 150 junta soldiers and members of the military-backed Pyu Saw Htee militia, said one resident of the village. Furthermore, a member of a local armed resistance group was shot dead and three others were captured during a military raid in Yangon Region's Thanlyin Township. The raid, which targeted a house located near the village of Laharyet, was carried out at around 9am. A 30-year-old member of the group died after being shot in the chest and thigh and two men and one woman were captured. The body of the dead resistance fighter, who was identified on a Thanlyin-based Facebook page as Phyo Maung Maung Oo, was taken away by the soldiers. On 20 December, Tatmadaw forces left the village of Kunnar in Kayah (Karenni) State's Loikaw Township after capturing it from Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) late last week. According to the KNDF member, there were around 130 troops stationed in Kunnar over the weekend. He added that there had been no new clashes since fighting broke out twice last week, on Monday and Thursday. Christmas Eve massacre On 24 December, more than 35 people were massacred when their convoy were ambushed by junta troops near Mo So village of Hpruso town, Kayah State. Two workers for non-profit group Save the Children remained missing after the attack. The United Nations have called for a 'thorough and transparent investigation' into the incident. 2022 January On 31 January, at least three dozen junta soldiers were reported killed in ambushes over three days in Magwe, Sagaing and Tanintharyi regions and Chin, Shan and Kayah states. February On 1 February, it was reported at least 30 junta soldiers and allied militiamen from the Pyu Saw Htee militia had been killed by joint PDF attacks in Kani Township, Sagaing Region. Flotillas transporting supplies and soldiers by the junta were ambushed, with at least one flotilla set on fire during the attacks. On 2 February, 2 people were killed and 38 injured in a grenade attack following a pro junta rally. According to Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, 367 junta-appointed officials have been assassinated in targeted attacks since 2021's 1 February coup. On 7 February, it was reported that 38 junta soldiers had been killed in surprise attacks by local PDFs in the Sagaing Region. These attacks also included the use of drones. The Kachin Independence Army also claimed that around 200 junta soldiers, including a battalion commander, had been killed in three days of clashes in the Hpakant Township, Kachin State. On 8 February, it was reported that the Arakan Army and junta forces had clashed on at least two occasions in Maungdaw in Rakhine State. Fighting broke out on 4 February when junta troops carried out a sneak attack on an AA outpost near the Letpan Mountains northeast of Mee Taik Village, killing an AA sentry, according to AA spokesman Khaing Thukha. Three hours of clashes were also reported on 6 February. The clashes have raised fears of a breakdown of the informal ceasefire between the AA and the military which has been in place since November 2020. Two civilians were also reported killed in further clashes in northern Maungdaw on the night of 7 February. On 9 February, it was reported that 35 junta soldiers had been killed in attacks by local PDFs in the Sagaing and Bago regions the previous day. Resistance forces also began targeting the homes of junta pilots in Yangon in response to airstrikes on civilians. On 10 February, around 50 Myanmar junta personnel were reportedly killed during raids and ambushes by people’s defense forces in three townships in Sagaing Region on 9 February. On 11 February, several junta troops, including a Major, were reported killed in an attack by the Arakan Army in Maungdaw, Rakhine State, on 8 February. 38 junta soldiers and 5 resistance fighters were also reported killed in clashes in Sagaing Region and Kayah State on 10 and 11 February. On 14 February, it was reported 40 junta troops had been killed in attacks by PDF forces on 12 and 13 February. The clashes occurred in the Naypyitaw, Magwe, Sagaing, Mandalay and Yangon regions. On 18 February, around 20 junta soldiers and 20 resistance fighters were reportedly killed in clashes in Mobye town, southern Shan State. 12 resistance fighters were also reported killed in clashes in the Khin-U Township, Sagaing Region, on 17 February, while military casualties from those clashes were not reported. See also Internal conflict in Myanmar 2021 Myanmar coup d'état 2021–2022 Myanmar protests References 2021 in Myanmar 2022 in Myanmar Conflicts in 2021 Conflicts in 2022 Insurgencies in Asia Internal conflict in Myanmar Ongoing conflicts in Asia 21st-century revolutions

69807694

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murderville

Murderville

Murderville is an American comedic murder-mystery streaming television series with improvised elements developed by Krister Johnson for Netflix. The series is based on the BBC Three television series Murder in Successville. Murderville premiered on February 3, 2022 with the release of all six episodes of the first season. In each episode, a guest star plays the role of a rookie detective. However, the guest is not given a script beforehand and must improvise their way through the episode as they try to solve who the true killer is. Cast and characters Main Will Arnett as Terry Seattle, a clumsy senior detective who is going through divorce proceeding with Rhonda. He has a hard time getting over the death of his former partner Lori Griffin who dies 15 years prior to the beginning of the series, he also has a tough time getting over his divorce with Rhonda Haneefah Wood as Rhonda Jenkins-Seattle, the chief of police who is in divorce proceedings with Terry Lilan Bowden as Amber Kang, a coroner who assists Terry and the respective guest on the murder Phillip Smithey as Darren "Daz" Phillips, a detective who starts dating Rhonda Guest stars Detectives Conan O'Brien as himself Marshawn Lynch as himself Kumail Nanjiani as himself Annie Murphy as herself Sharon Stone as herself Ken Jeong as himself Murder Suspects Alison Becker as Deb Melton Mary Hollis Inboden as Kathy David Wain as Magic Melvin Rob Huebel as Chadd, Charles and Chester Worthington Ian Gomez as Kevin Rivera Erinn Hayes as Lisa Capabianco Jay Larson as Brad Torker John Ennis as Vinnie Palmieri Erica Hernandez as Ms. Anya Cortez Nina Pedrad as Nanette Dubois Josh Banday as Dr. Will Gonzalez Samantha Cutaran as Dr. Maddison Chen Irene White as Dr. Alexander Peter Giles as Seamus Doyle Phil LaMarr as Commissioner Barton Nicole Sullivan as Rebecca Hendricks Special guest Jennifer Aniston as Lori Griffin, Terry’s former partner who was murdered 15 years ago, appears in a photograph hanging in Terry’s office Episodes Production Krister Johnson serves as showrunner. Anna Drezen, Chadd Gindin, Craig Rowin, Jack Kukoda, Marina Cockenberg, Kerry O'Neill, Hannah Levy, and Adriana Robles also serve as writers. Iain K. Morris and Brennan Shroff shared director duties for each episode. The series was filmed in mid-2021. Murderville was released on February 3, 2022 on Netflix. Reception The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 75% approval rating with an average rating of 6.2/10, based on 28 critic reviews. The website's critics consensus reads, "Murdervilles improvisational premise can lead to stretches of dead air, but the moments of spontaneous inspiration are worthwhile—and it helps to have Will Arnett on the case." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 69 out of 100 based on 8 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Kathryn VanArendonk of Vulture praised the show's concept, writing, "Arnett’s flexibility and playfulness are key to making Murderville work, but strong celebrity casting is what keeps its fairly predictable shtick from getting boring." The Guardian's Jack Seale felt that the original BBC series "was a startling flash of bottled chaos that deserves to be cherished. It doesn’t deserve the new US remake, Murderville (Netflix), which hacks off the concept’s eccentric rough edges, then makes a mess of the less interesting show that’s left." See also Thank God You're Here - American TV series with a similar concept. References External links 2022 American television series debuts 2020s American crime television series 2020s American police comedy television series 2020s American mystery television series English-language television shows English-language Netflix original programming American television series based on British television series Television series by Tiger Aspect Productions Murder in television Improvisational television series

69808986

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9%20Zehner

Café Zehner

Café Zehner was an informal café and meeting-spot for gay men in Gollierstraße, Munich, during the early twentieth-century. Its raid and closure by the Munich police led , a sexologist, to found a local Munich organisation of the German Friendship Association (), a leading gay rights organisation. See also First homosexual movement Stonewall Inn and the Stonewall riots External links References LGBT drinking establishments 20th-century establishments in Germany First homosexual movement Defunct LGBT drinking establishments

69809146

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard%20Driving%3A%20The%20Wendell%20Scott%20Story

Hard Driving: The Wendell Scott Story

Hard Driving: The Wendell Scott Story is a 2008 biography written by Brian Donovan about the life of NASCAR driver Wendell Scott, one of the first ever black drivers in NASCAR Cup Series history and the first ever black driver to win a race. Scott, the subject of the book, is shown facing numerous challenges of racial segregation, racism, possible match fixing, being banned from tracks, to have the lifestyle he wanted: to race out on the track. A second edition of the book was released on August 3, 2021. Plot The book consists of stories detailing the timeline of Scott's life, NASCAR career, and the struggles he had growing up as a black man. Scott was born in Danville, Virginia on August 29, 1921. His early childhood consisted of many struggles, including his parents divorcing due to clashing personalities and experiencing segregation. Throughout his life, he had promised himself to always "be his own boss", wanting to avoid an average job at a textile mill. After buying a Ford Model T, he would become a mechanic and land a job at the local taxi company. During his span at the Danville Taxi Company, he would meet his wife, Mary Belle Coles at the age of 19, after Coles needed a ride. Scott would have a short stint in the United States Army in 1943 due to him being drafted for World War II. After a failed stint as a car shop business owner, Scott would turn to bootlegging moonshine, and would become recognized for evading the police and having seemingly ludicrous stories on how he would evade the police. During his free time, he would watch races at the local Danville Fairgrounds Speedway, wishing that one day, he could race there.With help from fellow bootlegger, Bob McGinnis, Scott would catch a stroke of luck. The Dixie Circuit, a local Southern racing series, was looking for a black man to drive as a marketing gimmick, and would choose Scott to drive. While he had a rough start, within days, Scott would start to beat many regulars, and even win the series. To Scott's surprise, he did not see much discrimination among fans and drivers, and many would respect and defend him as a racer. However, Scott would still have to remain "tough-skinned" all his life, as still, many would still call him the n-word and heckle at Scott, with one notable example being Lynchburg Speedway's announcer calling Scott "the world's only n*gger driver." After gaining recognition in more local Virginia racing series, Scott decided that joining NASCAR would help Scott rise the ranks. In 1954, Scott would get approved by NASCAR official Maurice Poston to race in NASCAR, breaking the color barrier in the league, to no public attention. In Scott's early NASCAR years, he would race in regional-level races, facing racism from promoters, drivers, and fans. However, as in the local racing series, Scott would gain the respect of his fellow drivers and fans due to his work ethic and talent on the track. In the same year, then NASCAR CEO Bill France Sr. promised in a handshake deal that Scott would be treated fairly as any white racing driver in NASCAR, a promise that stuck with Scott. After seven years of Scott honing his skills in NASCAR's local and modified divisions, Scott would buy a car from fellow driver Buck Baker, and announced to his family that Scott would be racing in NASCAR's top series, the NASCAR Grand National Series. He would make his first start on March 4, 1961, at Piedmont Interstate Fairgrounds, to little fanfare, becoming the first black driver to race in NASCAR's top series. He would receive more discrimination, even being banned from Darlington Raceway and its races by its president Bob Colvin, the Rebel 400 and the Southern 500, which were at the time both races held as a celebration for the Confederacy. Scott would still however do well during his rookie season, finishing 32nd in the standings with 4,726 points, the most points received by a rookie. Wendell's second season started with more discrimination, as while many liked Scott as a person, "it was the idea of a black outdoing them that got them disturbed", according to NASCAR official Art Mitchell. From near fights with driver Bob Welborn for him calling Scott the n-word to only being called by his first name in driver's meetings compared to others being called by their last names, Scott would have to endure racial discrimination from many within the NASCAR community. As Wendell started his third season in 1963, hopes were optimistic, but quickly diminished after being snubbed of his winnings at Riverside International Raceway and a blown engine while qualifying for the 1963 Daytona 500. At the same time, racial tensions were at an all-time high throughout the United States with the civil rights movement in full-swing, causing even more to discriminate against Scott. Scott would take drastic measures to avoid discrimination, including faking being white and being racist to his own sons to get service at truck stops. In the third race of the 1964 season, Scott would race at the 1964 Jacksonville 200. After Richard Petty had steering issues late in the race, Scott would take the lead with 25 to go in a car previously owned by renowned driver Ned Jarrett. The scoreboard had gone blank, and on the final lap, no white flag was waved. As Scott completed his final lap, no checkered flag was waved. Buck Baker, who was in second two laps down, took the checkered flag and was initially declared the winner. While Baker had his victory celebrations, drivers and fans were confused, as they thought that Scott had won. After NASCAR held a closed meeting for two hours, with spectators, the beauty queen, and Baker gone, NASCAR declared Scott the winner of the race. While NASCAR had insisted they had made an honest mistake, others thought that NASCAR was trying to prevent a race riot. Heading deeper into the 1964 season, Scott would still face usual discrimination, including being disqualified from races under dubious circumstances and once again being banned from Darlington. Even worse, his sons were now facing discrimination too, but Wendell would defend his sons from hecklers and attackers. However, Wendell would also receive much more support from fans and drivers alike, with many cheering Wendell on as an underdog. Journalist Morris Stephenson had even compared Wendell to achieving as much as Martin Luther King Jr. for the civil rights movement. He would become a local hero in his town of Danville. At the end of the season, it was Wendell's best season yet- finishing 12th in points and getting some small manufacturer support from Ford. In 1966, while Bill France Sr. became friends with controversial Alabama governor George Wallace, Wendell would buy a new car from Holman-Moody, only to find out the car was essentially broken. The car was rebuilt in 12 days and Scott would still drive the car to impressive finishes with help from Ford boycotting NASCAR, including a 13th-place finish at the 1966 Daytona 500 and podium finishes at local short tracks in North Carolina. At the end of it all, he would finish sixth in points and winning $23,051, more than he had ever earned before. However, many were now starting to question Wendell's age, as at the age of 45, he was one of the oldest drivers in NASCAR. In addition, his son and crucial pit crew member, Wendell Scott Jr., was drafted for the Vietnam War. In the 1967 season, Wendell faced a downward spiral in performance, with 16 DNFs due to mechanical issues. Scott would have to drive more conservatively, to earn enough money to pay bills. In turn of this, he found himself back in the pack more. He would finish 10th in points, with no top 5s and fewer top 10s then last season. In 1968, while Alabama International Motor Speedway was being built, Wendell Jr., would come back, only for him to be significantly different from what he used to be. He was reported to be more angry and bitter, and arguments occurred often. To make matters worse, Wendell had expected his sons to work as hard as he did, and if they didn't, Wendell would chew them out publicly, angering Wendell Jr. more. Wendell struggled with DNQs and poor results in both the 1968 and 1969 seasons. After a controversial boycott at the 1969 Talladega 500, Scott became cautious of NASCAR officials. In the 1970 season, he was once again banned from numerous tracks and races, once again struggled with mechanical issues, and was forced to still keep trying to make races, otherwise he would be let off of NASCAR's money-deal for racers. In addition, NASCAR was transferring to the modern era, with NASCAR races on dirt, Scott's specialty, eliminated from the schedule. In 1971, he would once again face extreme difficulties with a slew of mechanical problems and DNQs. The Scott family had to remortgage their house due to a lack of money. In 1972, NASCAR would make a series of major changes, with a notable example being NASCAR landing a new corporate sponsor, the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, with its brand name Winston sponsoring the series. As Scott failed to qualify for more and more races, he would eventually go down a series to the NASCAR Grand National East Series. While Scott would still race in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series, he would be plagued by lack of funding and equipment. However, with some help from millionaire Richard Howard, he would be able to qualify for prestigious races that year. However, with his reputation now being put as a has-been who was majorly uncompetitive, the Scott family were embarrassed at the lack of dignity. The season would show Scott's worst season yet, with the family suffering even more financial troubles. However, Scott would still want to race, and in 1973, an opportunity came up for Scott was too good to pass. At the 1973 Winston 500, with help from Holman-Moody, loans to friends, taking out mortgages, Scott saw a golden opportunity to give Scott a big break in racing for him to continue. On lap 10, Scott was involved in a big crash that involved over 20 cars, with Scott being majorly injured in the process. Many thought that Scott was dead, but he was able to get out, with major injuries. He was reported to be covered in blood, have a fractured left leg, fractured pelvis in numerous places, broke three ribs, to have ripped most of the skin from his left forearm, and had seriously injured his right kidney. His arm bone was also visible and poking out, according to Frank Scott, Wendell's son. Along with that, the car that Scott had was essentially destroyed. After a couple one off races in the Winston Cup Series and Grand National East Series, Scott would eventually announce his retirement. To make matters worse, his son, Wendell Jr., was facing 61 years in prison for burglary and grand larceny. Scott was praised after his retirement. He would have a loosely-based movie that showed his life in 1977, called Greased Lightning, with Scott being played by Richard Pryor. Within later years, he would become an active member in his local church. He was praised by civil rights activists and was invited to parties, praised for breaking the color barrier in a Southern sport in the Jim Crow era. However, Scott wondered how different his life and career could have been if he had come later, and if he had factory support. Still in debt from the wreck in 1973, he would see Willy T. Ribbs with multi-million dollar sponsorship, qualify for the 1989 Indianapolis 500, becoming the first black driver to qualify for the Indianapolis 500. He said to himself, "I came along too soon." Scott died on December 23, 1990. Scott's legacy remained vital to many black drivers in NASCAR in the years to come, including Bill Lester, Chase Austin, and (not mentioned in the book) Bubba Wallace. Scott had only been remembered by many as the first black driver to compete and win in NASCAR's top series, but he wasn't remembered for the struggles and hardships Scott had to face. Humpy Wheeler suggested that NASCAR hold a "Wendell Scott Day" or that Wendell Scott be inducted into the then-new NASCAR Hall of Fame in 2010 (he was eventually inducted in 2015). However, many do remember that Scott had broken a barrier that was unthinkable- he had become the first black driver in a sport that was stereotyped for being a "white, Southern" sport within fire of both the Jim Crow era and civil rights movement, no funding, less publicity from other black athletes like Jackie Robinson, and the challenges of being discriminated by many of NASCAR's higher-ups and no factory support. He is remembered for determination and work ethic, as while he had faced many challenges, he would keep on going, no matter what. Reception Reception for the book is relatively positive from both NASCAR fans and motorsports fans in general. Elizabeth Blackstock, a reporter for Jalopnik, a car news site, reported that the book was a good reminder that NASCAR had to recognize and acknowledge its racist past, citing Scott's snubbed win at the 1964 Jacksonville 200 and other examples of where Scott was intentionally targeted by both NASCAR and its white drivers. Publishers Weekly, in a 2008 review wrote that "Donovan's writing is well-paced and measured, clearly depicting the complex atmosphere of race relations in the segregated South. His extensive reporting, including interviews with Scott before he died in 1990, combined with his descriptive and enjoyable prose about racing, make this book a deeply compelling story." References 2008 books 2008 non-fiction books Racism in sport Racism in the United States Sports biographies

69809321

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der%20Pass

Der Pass

Der Pass (English: The Pass) or Pagan Peak is an Austrian-German television crime drama series, which premiered on Sky Deutschland on 25 January 2019. It is inspired by the first season of the Danish-Swedish series, Broen Bron (English:The Bridge). Der Pass was co-created by and , both also direct and write scripts. Police procedures were highlighted by using a criminal profiler, . The action is largely set in the Austria-Germany border area from Traunstein to Salzburg. In the first season of eight episodes, the two detectives, Germany's Ellie (Julia Jentsch) and Austria's Gedeon (), hunt a serial killer, Gregor (Franz Hartwig), who is disguised by Krampus masks. Ahead of the full series broadcast, Der Pass pilot episode, "Finsternis" (English: "Darkness"), had its world premiere on 21 September 2018 at the Tribeca TV Festival. Its Austrian debut was at the Urania Cinema, Vienna on 15 January 2019, and its German premiere at Gloria-Palast, Munich on the following day. The second season of Der Pass, also of eight episodes, commenced broadcasting on 21 January 2022. In this season Ellie and Gedeon investigate female corpses in the border area. Premise Season 1 Gedeon and Ellie attend a corpse at the border. It is the first victim of a serial killer, Gregor, who wears Krampus masks. Gregor warns "The Red Season Is Coming." Gedeon alerts authorities of Gregor's imminent bombing of a shopping mall; a child is killed. Tech-savvy Gregor hacks into Ellie's computer to stay ahead of the investigation. A copycat suspect is killed by police and authorities close the case. A year later, Gedeon is unconvinced and persuades Ellie to search for another victim. Gregor has moved next door to Ellie. He poisons both her and himself before being arrested. Gedeon saves Ellie's life. Season 2 A year later, Ellie mentors junior detective, Yela (), who is joined by Gedeon, as a police advisor. They investigate another serial killer, Xandi (), who tortures female victims. Both Ellie and Gedeon are recovering from traumas. Cast Julia Jentsch as Ellie Stocker: Traunstein senior detective inspector, enthusiastic and thorough, has an affair with Claas, her boss as Gedeon Winter or "Falcon": Salzburg detective inspector, cynical, dissolute and corrupt, nevertheless becomes fixated on catching the "Krampus killer" Franz Hartwig as Gregor Ansbach/"David Zeller": self-sufficient survivalist, tech-savvy, uses Krampus legends for his own ends, poses as David to become Ellie's neighbour Hanno Koffler as Claas Wallinger: Traunstein police commissioner, Ellie's superior, has an affair with Ellie as Sebastian Brunner: doomsdayer/survivalist, Six Brothers cult leader, styles himself as "Cernunnos" Nataša Petrović as Milica Andov: illegal Macedonian refugee, mountain inn employee exploited by her boss, Sara Lucas Gregorowicz as Charles Turek: Munich newspaper sensationalist reporter, writes a book on the Krampus killer as Christian Ressler: Austrian criminal profiler and case analyst as Adam Litkowski: Salzburg detective on Gedeon's squad, promoted to inspector as Louisa Baumgartner: woman missing for three months, found imprisoned and beaten at Six Brothers cult, remains loyal to Sebastian Victoria Trauttmansdorff as Johanna Stadlober: Salzburg police commander, Gedeon's boss as Jörg Hässmann: political candidate for governor as Sven Rieger: police task force's IT investigator as Dalia Blani: police task force investigator, organises Dat.Sec's interviews as Joy: popular blogger on fashion and make-up, dates Rafael as Rafael Conrad: heir to the Conrad family financial empire, dates Joy as Thomas Braun: Ellie's deputy as Widmann: Police Commissioner, replaces Claas, becomes Ellie's new boss as Martina Bartl: Munich newspaper editor, Charles' boss as Joseph Klein: Bavarian Interior Minister, restructures task force as Sara Körner: innkeeper, exploits Milica as Fred: mountain inn employee as Karim: Califati's henchman as Felix Riffeser/"Manus": Sebastian's right-hand man at Six Brothers cult as Johannes Tischler: cyber-security company Dat.Sec's owner, employs Gregor Reinhold G. Moritz as Hahn: ex-inspector, worked on Tischler's murder case Ernst Stötzner as Wolfgang Stocker: retired Traunstein city official, part-time hunter, Ellie's father Norbert E. Lex as Dominik Gross: head of Ortus Foundation, unscrupulous businessman, has an affair with his employee, Nuria Anna Sophie Krenn as Nuria Garido: Munich-based Spanish interpreter at Ortus Foundation, mistress of Dominik as Staatsanwalt Svoboda: Vienna public prosecutor, investigating Gedeon and Califati as Chingiz Tajmanov or "Califati": Viennese crime lord, bribed Gedeon for information as Vincenz Lang: Krampus mask maker, witness Jelena Jovanova as Ivana Andov: Milica's sister, who confirms Milica's identity as Miriam Tander: bomb victim's mother Season 2 cast Credits: as Yela Antic: Traunstein police investigator, mentored by Ellie as Alexander "Xandi" Gössen: wannabe piano virtuoso, younger brother of Wolfgang as Wolfgang Gössen: economic manager of Gössen family company, older brother of Xandi as Manni Krois: hunter, taxidermist, works for the Gössens as Alina Reichelt Ben Felipe as Tom Neuner Agnieszka Salamon as Jenny as Daniela Berger as Laura Berge Episode guide Season 1 Season 2 Production Co-creator acknowledged that Der Pass was inspired by the 2011 Danish-Swedish series, Broen Bron (English:The Bridge) and oboserved, "Apart from the premise of two countries working together and finding a body on the border, everything else is pretty much a completely new story." The creators researched serial killers, including their online interviews, in developing the character of Gregor Ansbach (Franz Hartwig). The process was assisted by criminal profiler, . Unusually for a crime drama the antagonist, Gregor is revealled early in the series and has a more visible presence. Another deliberate effort is the evolution of both protagonists, Gedeon starts as a jaded, cynical and corrupt officer who becomes dedicated to catching Gregor and protective of Ellie. Meanwhile, Ellie was a committed, enthusiastic and by-the-book officer who becomes a rule breaker, slightly burned-out and traumatised. Stennart described Ellie's character as difficult to write, "[one] who is truly good but also interesting,” Filming of Der Pass occurred from November 2017 to April 2018 in both Austria and Germany, at Bad Gastein, Berchtesgaden, Graz, Söcking, Vienna, Grundlsee and Sportgastein. It was co-produced by the Austrian Epo-Film and the German Wiedemann & Berg Film Production, which was supported by the FilmFernsehFonds Bayern, the Fernsehfonds Austria, the film funding of the Landes Salzburg, the CINESTYRIA Filmcommission and Fonds and the Film Commission Graz. Additional crew members were and for film editing, on costume design, Heike Lange on set design, Herbert Verdino, Walter Fiklocki and Quirin Böhm for original sound, Nico Krebsfor on final sound design and mixing, and Tatjana Luckdorf and Evgenia Popova on make-up Design. The second season filming began in January 2020, however, it was delayed by restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed in April and continued intermittently to December 2020. For this season, Stennert described how, "It's so interesting to see how someone becomes a perpetrator in the first place. So this time we wanted to start following this guy before the first corpse." Broadcasting started on 21 January 2022 on Sky Deutschland and ZDF. Reception Ray Flook of Bleeding Cool reviewed the pilot episode of Pagan Peak, which depicts "crime scenes with symbolically posed victims, reminiscent of pagan rituals." Die Presses Anna-Marie Wallner observed the series title, Der Pass, has multiple meanings, both the geographical location between Austria and Germany and the annual festival group of St Nicholas, Krampus and the Angel. Wallner praised the "courageous and rather unusual" storyline, where the villain is revealed to the audience in episode 3 while "tension nevertheless persists." Der Spiegels Oliver Kaever felt, "It is about isolation, the power of the Internet and digital surveillance fantasies... [and] the enormously spreading grief here that man is a wolf to man. And the world is not a place that forgives." References External links Der Pass via Sky Deutschland (in German) 2019 German television series debuts German-language television shows Television shows filmed in Austria Television shows filmed in Germany

69809438

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorne%20Edgar%20Campbell

Lorne Edgar Campbell

Lorne Edgar Campbell (born 2 September 1948) is a Canadian outlaw biker and gangster. One of the earliest members of the Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club, which he joined in 1965, Campbell remained a life-long member of the club, staying on until Satan's Choice joined the Hells Angels in 2000. Campbell served as the president of Satan's Choice Oshawa chapter from 1985 to 1997, and of the Hells Angels' Sudbury chapter from 2001 to 2006, amassing a number of convictions. Campbell is one of the leading figures associated with the highly controversial "Port Hope 8" case, where he testified that he killed William "Heavy" Matiyek on the night of 18 October 1978 in Port Hope, a crime that six other men were convicted of. The conviction of six of the eight accused of Matiyek's murder despite Campbell's testimony on the witness stand that he had killed him was highly controversial in 1979 and remains so. Campbell's role in the Port 8 Hope and his life in general has been chronicled in a number of books, most notably the bestsellers A Conspiracy of Brothers by Mick Lowe and Unrepentant by Peter Edwards, and more briefly in the 1990 protest song "Justice in Ontario" by Steve Earle. Early life Campbell was born in Whitby, Ontario, the son of Lorne Campbell Sr. and Eileen Chaten. His family was of Scottish descent on his paternal side and English and German descent on his maternal side. Campbell's father was a World War II veteran, who was frequently in trouble with the military police during his service, being convicted four times of going AWOL as he took to leaving his military base without permission. Lorne Campbell Senior enlisted in the Canadian Army on 11 November 1941 at the age of 19, having married a woman named Rose Prest, also aged 19, just before his enlistment. Campbell Sr. was assigned to the Lorne Scots regiment. While stationed in England, he fathered a daughter by an Englishwoman named Doris in 1944 and promised her that he would marry her after the war ended. Upon his return to Canada, he married Campbell's mother in 1945. Campbell Sr. worked as a house painter and lived a nomadic lifestyle, constantly moving from address to address, so much so that Lorne Jr. has lost track of all the places that he lived while living up. The Campbell family was poor and very abusive, with Campbell's father beating his children on a regular basis. Campbell recalled in a 2011 interview: "Every time I turned around, I got hit by my dad. He said, 'When you grow up, you're going to learn to be a fighter'... Everybody loves their father when they are growing up. So did I. I was his only son. He wanted me to grow up being a fighter. His heart was in the right place. I think that I'm a lot like him". Campbell's childhood heroes were John Wayne and Lee Marvin as he liked the taciturn, tough, macho characters played by the two actors. Campbell saw the 1953 film The Wild One in his late teens and while he despised the Johnny Strabler character played by Marlon Brando as a "faggot" and a "sissy", he greatly admired the Chino character played by Marvin. Much of Campbell's ideals of masculinity were based upon the sort of characters played by Wayne and Marvin. When he was eight years old, his parents divorced, and the young Campbell was for a time assigned to the custody of an uncle who ignored him as much as possible. Campbell's father had continued to write love letters to Doris in England, and finally left his wife for Doris. As a student, Campbell had a 84 average with his grades. As a child, Campbell was angry and violent as he recalled: "I fought everyday at school". At the age of 14, Campbell was classified as "unmanageable" and was sent to an youth camp at Bowmanville and then another in Cobourg as a ward of the Ontario government. At the camps, Campbell was frequently and savagely beaten by the supervisors, leaving him with a lifetime of physical and emotional scars. One of the supervisors would clench his fist and use the rings on his fingers to rip apart Campbell's skin and flesh. After surviving the youth camps, Campbell was returned to his mother's custody in Oshawa. Her apartment was so shabby that Campbell recalled: "I was embarrassed to bring a girl – or anyone else – to our apartment. I would never take anyone there, except close friends". Satan's Choice As a teenager, Campbell became fascinated with the Phantom Riders Motorcycle Club and their president Bernie Guindon, who would always lead his club in riding down the streets of Oshawa in formation every Saturday night. Guindon eventually became a surrogate father for Campbell. In 1965, Guindon merged the Phantom Riders into a new club called Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club. Later in that year, Campbell joined Satan's Choice at the age of 17. Campbell, a martial arts fan, had the phrase "the gentle art of karate" in Japanese characters, together with "Elinor", tattooed on his arms. In 1967, his girlfriend Elinor gave birth to their daughter Janice. Campbell expressed much contempt for the hippies who looked up to outlaw bikers, saying: "They were professing peace and love and everything and I didn't advocate that at all". Campbell had a reputation as one of the more violent members of Satan's Choice in the 1960s as he recalled: "There weren't machine guns or knives back then, but there were pretty serious fights". In 1972, Campbell completed a drafting course at Durham College and started a mechanical technician's course, which he never completed. Shortly afterwards, Campbell was appointed the sergeant-at-arms of Satan's Choice Oshawa chapter in charge of enforcing discipline. In 1974, he broke up with Elinor and lost custody of his daughter Janice. Campbell stated: "I wasn't cruel to my daughter, but I was abusive to her mom. I was too nuts, too radical. She was just a beautiful mother and everything. I was too wild to settle down. I was abusive to her mentally and physically. It's not an excuse, but it's a learned behavior from seeing how my dad treated my mother". In 1974, he began to work as an ironworker. Campbell, together with fellow Satan's Choice member, John Foote, began to work as debt collectors for the Mafia, beating up people behind in their debts to loansharks and drug dealers in exchange for being allowed to keep 50% of the debts when the debtors paid up. Campbell stated of his work: "I collected money for people. I just look at it like they were playing a game. They're not innocent people. They were aware of the consequences. I was totally without remorse. They chose to be in this world". Campbell and Foote usually started with breaking the fingers of their victims as an initiative to pay up. After Guindon was convicted of drug charges in May 1976, Campbell took a strong dislike to the new Satan's Choice national president Garnet McEwen. Campbell said of him: "He was just a fat, stinky guy. That's all he was. He was just a dirty guy who looked like a 1950s biker. He was filthy". At a party at the clubhouse of the Montreal chapter, Campbell was shocked to hear David Séguin of the Windsor chapter declare: "If I broke down on the 401, I wouldn't phone anyone from Oshawa. That's how much I hate Oshawa". Campbell, insulted at the remarks directed at his chapter, responded by assaulting Séguin, who screamed in pain under the blows of Campbell's fists and begged him to stop, leading Campbell to mockingly say "Not till I'm finished with you, Dave. This ain't hurting me". McEwen and several members of the Montreal chapter in turn rescued Séguin by beating up Campbell, who was nearly expelled because of the incident. At a kangaroo court held at a cottage near Coboconk, McEwen presided over a "trial", where he pressed for Campbell to be expelled. However, Campbell was a popular member and as the opinion of the "jury" was against his expulsion, he was instead demoted down to from a "full patch" member to a "prospect". On 4 November 1976, Foote was murdered by another Satan's Choice member, John Harvey. After a disagreement, Foote smashed Harvey over his head with his pool cue, causing the latter to return with a gun, which he then used to shoot Foote. After Foote's murder, Campbell continued to work as a debt collector alone while becoming more mistrustful of those around him and always being on his guard. Campbell recalled about one man: "I beat him so badly I put him in the hospital". A fight with a drug dealer named Jimmy Brockman at the Royal Hotel in Whitby ended with Brockman pulling out a gun and shooting Campbell in the arm. As a member of the Oshawa chapter, Campbell sometimes associated with the Golden Hawk Riders club based in Port Hope. He was involved in several brawls with them under the influence of alcohol. At a party in 1976, one of the Golden Hawk Riders he punched out was their sergeant-at-arms, William "Heavy" Matiyek, a humiliation that Matiyek neither forgot nor forgave On 1 July 1977, McEwen arranged for several Satan's Choice chapters to join the Outlaws Motorcycle Club, an act that Campbell sees as a loathsome betrayal. In common with the other bikers that remained loyal to Satan's Choice, Campbell expressed much hatred of McEwen and the Outlaws for fracturing and weakening Satan's Choice. The American journalist Mick Lowe described Campbell as: "Dark, dangerous and deceptively soft-spoken". Through Campbell's official job was as an ironworker, it was known that his primary source of income was his work as a debt collector. Besides for his fists, Campbell was well known for using a baseball bat in his debt collection work. The Port Hope 8 case On the night of 18 October 1978, Campbell was consuming alcohol while watching a hockey game at Satan's Choice Toronto clubhouse when a telephone call from Richard Sauvé of the Peterborough chapter was received. Sauvé stated that he heard that William "Heavy" Matiyek, the sergeant-at-arms of the Golden Hawk Riders, wanted to talk to him at the Queen's Hotel (now the Walton Hotel) in Port Hope. As Matiyek had a reputation as a violent man, Sauvé wanted some other members of Satan's Choice to be present at the meeting at the Queen's Hotel. Campbell, together with Garry "Nutty" Comeau, Jeff McLeod, Larry Hurren, and Armand Sanguigni of the Toronto chapter, drove out to Port Hope. Campbell armed himself with a .38 handgun. Campbell was felt to the most mature and toughest member of the group that went to Port Hope and was the one with the most experience with handling guns. Matiyek who was very drunk kept talking very loudly about shooting the Satan's Choice members present in the barroom of the Queen's Hotel to impress the two Outlaws he was drinking with. Matiyek kept flashing his handgun and saying he had "nine friends" with him, which was interpreted by those present to mean that he had nine bullets in his gun. Campbell arrived at the Queen's Hotel shortly after 10 pm. As Campbell approached Matiyek-whom he knew-the latter tried at first to hide his gun and then pulled his gun out. Campbell shot Matiyek three times. The first bullet went through Matiyek's neck, the second through his skull and the third likewise. Campbell states that he shot Matiyek in self-defense, saying: "As soon as I said: 'How are you doing?" he went for it...I totally wish he hadn't gone for it. I've had to live with it. It hasn't been easy. But he went for it and I happened to be faster...It happened so fast that I just reacted. When you see somebody going for a gun and you've got one, with the upbringing I've had, you'll be fast. I'm glad I had a gun...I never questioned my decision. Not once. Not for a second". Campbell denied that the shooting was a case of first-degree murder as alleged by the Crown, saying that Matiyek was drinking with two Outlaws, Fred Jones and Sonny Broson, whom he could had easily killed as his gun still had three bullets left. Campbell uses the fact that he spared Jones and Bronson instead of killing them as evidence that he killed in self-defense. After fleeing from the Queen's Hotel, Campbell went to the Cadillac Hotel, his favorite bar in Oshawa, to start drinking. During the police investigation, photographs of various Satan's Choice members were shown to the witnesses at the Queen's Hotel by the police, but none of Campbell. The witnesses to the shooting all stated that the gunman was a "big, blonde, bearded man". The police took no fingerprints from the crime scene and interviewed the witnesses as a group instead of individually, both of which are violations of the accepted methods of investigating a crime. Shortly after the Queen's Hotel shooting, Campbell was arrested for assaulting two police officers during a brawl in a Chinese restaurant in Scarborough, which he was convicted of, causing him to spend Christmas 1978 behind bars. On 23 February 1979, eight members of Satan's Choice were charged with Matiyek's murder with Campbell being conspicuously absent. To spare his biker "brothers" from going to prison for a crime he had committed, Campbell confessed to killing Matiyek. In August 1979, the Crown offered a plea bargain under which Campbell would plead guilty to second-degree murder and spent the next 10 years in prison while the rest of the "Port Hope 8" would plead guilty to being accessories to murder and spend the next 4 years in prison. Campbell was willing to accept the Crown's deal, but several of the "Port Hope 8" such as David "Tee Hee" Hoffman and Gordon "Dog Map" Van Haarlem objected under the grounds that they were not at the Queen's Hotel on the night of 18 October 1978, and should not have to do any prison time. The trial began on 4 September 1979 in London, Ontario. The Crown Attorney (prosecutor), Chris J. Meinhardt, presented the case as a first-degree murder, calling it "a foul, horrible, planned execution" of Matiyek. The journalist Jerry Langton wrote that the trial was "comical" as some of the witnesses for the Crown "changed their testimony three or even four times... Much of the Crown's evidence contradicted itself". At the trial, Campbell testified for the defense, stating he had killed Matiyek and the "Port Hope 8" were innocent. Under the Canada Evidence Act, Campbell had a limited immunity as Campbell could not charged for the murder on the basis of his testimony, but could be charged if the police discovered other evidence incriminating him. Campbell felt intensely nervous before taking the stand as he felt there was a serious possibility of him being charged with Matiyek's murder. On the stand, Campbell was asked by one of the defense lawyers, Jack Grossman, "did you agree with anyone to kill Mr. Matiyek?", Campbell answered "no". Gross then asked "And did you intend to kill Mr. Matiyek when you arrived at the hotel?", leading Campbell to reply "I had no such intention". However, the fact that Campbell had once been convicted of perjury led the Crown to accuse him of again perjuring himself. Meinhardt during his cross-examination of Campbell made much of the perjury conviction as he accused Campbell of lying to cover up for the accused. Campbell detested Meinhardt, saying: "He was pompous. Every time he'd ask me a question, he'd turn around and smile at the jury. That would make me mad". The judge at the trial, Coulter Osborne, told the jury to disregard Campbell's testimony. Osborne practically accused Campbell of perjury, saying: "I kept waiting for the cue cards to appear." However, several of the witnesses testified that the gunman was left-handed; all of the "Port Hope 8" were right-handed while Campbell was left-handed. Meinhardt named Gary "Nutty" Comeau as the gunman, who had been struck by a bullet. The same bullet that went through Matiyek's neck was found lodged inside of Comeau's body, which supported the defense. It was noted at the time that for Comeau to be the gunman would have required the bullet to do the physically impossible, namely go through Matiyek's neck and then boomerang in mid-air to come back to strike Comeau. In response to the ballistic test showing that the "boomerang bullet" that had struck Comeau had gone through Matiyek first, Meinhardt changed his thesis midway through the trial to now claim that there had been two gunmen instead of one as he been claiming until then, despite the fact that all of the witnesses stated there was only one gunman. The trial ended in December 1979, with six of the eight accused being convicted. The "Port Hope 8" case became a cause célèbre in the 1980s–1990s, attracting even international attention. The Port Hope 8 case is often regarded as one of the worse miscarriages of justice in Canadian history. Between 1983 and 2000, the six convicted men were all freed as their sentences came to an end or they were acquitted on appeal. The first one to be acquitted was David "Tee Hee" Hoffmann, whose lawyers were able to prove on the basis of police intercepts of Hoffmann's telephone calls that he was in Kitchener on the night of 18 October 1978 and thus was not in Port Hope as the prosecution had claimed at the trial. The last of the six men to be acquitted was Comeau, who was freed on 8 September 2000. In and out of prison In 1979, Campbell was convicted of assaulting a bar owner, whom he had beaten bloody, causing him to spend Christmas 1979 in prison, which was his fourth Christmas in a row that he spent in either prison or jail. In 1980, Campbell moved to Toronto. He worked as security guard for a stripper agency, stating: "It's the lifestyle. Bikers are outside of normal civilization and so are strippers. That the actual bond between bikers and strippers". In 1982, a disgruntled Satan's Choice member, Patrick "Tulip" Roberts burned down the Toronto clubhouse as a revenge for perceived slights. On 21 October 1982, Campbell beat Roberts quite severely as a punishment. On 14 February 1983, Campbell married his long-time girlfriend, Charmaine. In late 1982, Campbell's friend and fellow Satan's Choice member, Richard "Smutley" Smith was arrested and agreed to turn Crown's evidence in exchange for the charges being dropped. As part of the deal, Smith introduced Campbell to an undercover policeman who was posing as a drug dealer. In April 1983, Campbell was arrested and charged with selling cocaine worth some $3,200 to an undercover policeman on 27 January 1983; with buying explosives with the intent to do harm (i.e. blow up a house in Kitchener); and with three counts of forcible confinement relating to his debt collection work. Campbell has admitted in interviews that he was guilty on all counts. Subsequently, he was charged with attempted murder for the Roberts beating, an allegation that he disputes. Campbell agreed to a plea bargain with the Crown where pledged guilty to the drug, explosive and forcible confinement charges in exchange for the attempted murder being dropped. Starting in May 1983, Campbell was imprisoned at Millhaven Institution. At Millhaven, Campbell came to know the three Commisso brothers, namely Rocco Remo, Michele and Cosimo, who had been convicted on the basis of the testimony of a Satan's Choice hitman turned informer, Cecil Kirby. Campbell was friendly with Cosimo Commisso, whom he worked for as a personal trainer, but found that Rocco Remo Commissio was angry with him because of Kirby had once belonged to Satan's Choice. Campbell nearly had a fight with Rocco Remo after he told him "Don't be fucking staring at me! Don't tell me you guys don't have problems with your members too." After serving 14 months at Millhaven maximum security prison, Campbell was transferred to Collins Bay Institution medium security prison. At Collins Bay, Campbell met up with one of the "Port Hope 8", Richard Sauvé, who had renounced his former lifestyle as he had converted to Buddhism during his time in prison, making him into an advocate of non-violence. Through Campbell held Sauvé's pacifism in contempt, he also agreed to convert to Buddhism as he discovered that Sauvé's faith required him to be a vegetarian which in turn required the prison to supply him with fresh fruits and vegetables, rarities at Collins Bay. Campbell's motives in converting to Buddhism were self-interested, but Sauvé did persuade him to take up yoga to help him deal with his rage issues. Campbell also met up with another Satan's Choice member, Howard "Pigpen" Berry, a member infamous for his disgusting antics such as his obsessive coprophagia who had been deported from the United States, where he had fled in 1975 to escape attempted murder charges in Canada. Berry, during his time at Collins Bay, became involved in a feud with several West Indian prisoners, which became tinged with racial animosity and a belief that Berry had magical powers to curse other prisoners. Campbell found himself trying to play the peacekeeper to prevent the feud from causing a murder. Life at Collins Bay improved for Campbell when Bernie "the Frog" Guindon was transferred there as the Satan's Choice national president had the necessary connections with the guards to import his super-sized "Frog Log" marijuana cigarettes, which eased the tedium of prison life. In June 1985, Campbell applied for parole on the basis of good behavior. Much to his surprise, he learned that he was going to be denied parole under the grounds that he was the leading suspect in 12 murders. Campbell felt that there was much irony in fact that despite his best efforts that he could not get the Crown to charge him with the murder of Matiyek – which had confessed on the stand in 1979 – but was being denied parole for murders that he vehemently denied committing. However, the parole hearing ended with him being granted parole In 1988, Campbell, who had become Oshawa chapter president upon his release, served as a guest lecturer at the University of Ottawa law school class, where he spoke about the Port Hope case as a miscarriage of justice, becoming the first and only Satan's Choice chapter president to ever give a university lecture. In the summer of 1989, Guindon and Campbell led a delegation of Satan's Choice members on a lengthy trip to the Prairie provinces, meeting with the leaders of Los Bravos gang of Winnipeg and the Grim Reapers in Calgary and Lethbridge to form alliances. By the end of 1989, both Guindon and Campbell were dissatisfied with the low quality of incoming recruits into Satan's Choice, feeling that the new members were of abysmally low intelligence and were too far "soft". Campbell stated that in 1989-1990: "There were some violent things that happened. Nothing was done to retaliate...I'm a person who retaliates". In the winter of 1990, a group of senior Satan's Choice members led by Guindon and Campbell visited the Hells Angels' clubhouse in Sorel to seek an alliance with the Angels against the Outlaws. The way that the Hells Angels had driven the Outlaws out of Quebec impressed Campbell. Campbell recalled about the visit: "They listened to us. Even thought they had a reputation for being dangerous, there was no confrontation. There was no pulling heavies. They were perfect gentlemen". Through no promises were given about joining the Angels, it was made clear that the Angels wanted an alliance. In December 1989, he was charged with conspiracy to sell cocaine. One of Campbell's associates, Stephen "Close-Up" Readhead, was using car names as codewords for his drug deals. On 29 November 1989, Campbell talked on the telephone with his wife, Charmaine, about buying an "used Chevrolet" as a Christmas present. The police had tapped his phone and concluded that the reference to buying an "used Chevrolet" was a codename for buying cocaine, leading for him to be charged with conspiracy to buy cocaine. In 1990, the American country singer Steve Earle released the protest song "Justice in Ontario" about the Port Hope 8 case, which features a reference to Campbell, albeit not by name as the lyrics go "And they brought 'em in every single one/Save the man who actually fired the gun". Earle expressed a wish to meet Campbell, whom he met while on tour. In 1991 after a show in Ottawa, Earle went with Campbell to the Outlaws' Ottawa clubhouse, where Campbell met with Outlaws' national president, Andrew "Teach" Simmons, to discuss a truce in the prisons where Satan's Choice and Outlaw inmates kept attacking each other. The presence of Earle was there to ensure Campbell's safety as the possibility of injuring or killing a famous country singer would have brought the Outlaws too much media and police attention. At Campbell's trial in 1991 for the cocaine charges, he was convicted and sent back to prison. Campbell insists that he was really was going to buy an "used Chevrolet" and has said of his 1991 conviction: "That's the only one [conviction] that I was truly innocent in". He found Millhaven more depressing and dismal than during his first time there in 1983–1985 as most of the prison luxuries had been removed to make life harsher. He also found that Millhaven more or less racially segregated as tensions between white, black, Asian and First Nations prisoners ensured that they had to be kept apart to prevent fights, an aspect of life at Millihaven that was not present during his first period of incarceration there. Cigarette smuggler After his parole from prison in March 1993, Campbell remembered that Satan's Choice was "making money hand over fist". On 14 April 1993, his wife Charmaine died of cancer. Campbell, together with three others members of the Oshawa chapter, were hired as the guards for cigarette smugglers on the Mohawk St. Regis/Akwesasne reservation that spanned across the international border in upstate New York and eastern Ontario. For his work, Campbell received an average of some $3,000–$4,000 per day in cash as his salary. The high taxes applied to cigarettes in Canada led to a flourishing black market. Campbell kept guard over boxes of contraband cigarettes that arrived on trucks on the American side of the border and were loaded onto speedboats to take across the St. Lawrence River. Each boat carried an average of some 80 boxes, each of one which contained 50 cartons of cigarettes. The wholesale value of one boatload of cigarettes was about $56,000 Canadian dollars, with the retail value being about $320,000 Canadian dollars. The work was dangerous as rival gangs were known to hijack the speedboats with the intention of seizing the contraband cigarettes for themselves, causing Campbell to keep a machine gun on his person at all times when crossing the St. Lawrence. Campbell recalled about the night crossings of the St. Lawrence: "There was only smugglers and lakers [ships that sail the Great Lakes] on the water at night. They were just looking at each other". As the police constantly searched trucks in eastern Ontario for contraband cigarettes, the American cigarettes were loaded onto cars that went to either Toronto or Montreal. Unknown to Campbell, the suppliers of the American end of the smuggling network were the Northern Brands International unit of the RJR Nabisco Holdings Corporation. The atmosphere on the reserve became increasingly violent and chaotic as the spring of 1993 turned into the summer. Certain of the Mohawk smugglers took to beating up constables of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) under the grounds that the reservation was Mohawk land where Canadian law did not apply. Other Mohawk smugglers used their assault rifles in an unsuccessful attempt to shoot down a Canadian Army helicopter that was overflying the reservation. Campbell felt that such behavior was counter-productive and was bound to lead to a police crackdown. Campbell was surprised to see the leader of the Mohawk smugglers, a man he knew only as Dwayne, snort a line of cocaine in public at a local restaurant as part of his breakfast while everyone else in the restaurant accepted this as normal. The cigarettes that went to Toronto were to sold to Chinese and Vietnamese gangs who were most punctilious about the timing, always expecting the cars carrying the cigarettes to arrive exactly at the time specified and would not accept shipments that arrived either early or late. For two weeks in October 1993, Campbell stayed in Toronto to serve as the security when money exchanged hands for the contraband cigarettes. One Vietnamese gangster, who had once served as a soldier in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, explained to Campbell that the best way of dealing with one of his men who arrived a few hundred dollars short was to start cutting off his fingers one by one until he confessed to where he placed the stolen money, saying he had a great deal of personal experience in doing this and offered to demonstrate the efficiency of his methods to Campbell, who declined. Campbell left the cigarette smuggling business in 1994 because of the "Wild West" atmosphere on the Mohawk reserve, saying: "I was on parole and my instincts told me it was time to move on. They hated to see me go, but understood and are still friends. I just wish I could have been there a year earlier". Campbell cited as his concerns that the mayor of Cornwall was receiving death threats from the smugglers, someone shot up the city hall of Cornwall at night with an assault rifle while a smuggler from Quebec who refused to work with the Mohawk smugglers was shot in the stomach and left for dead. The last days of Satan's Choice Campbell visited Sudbury several times to meet Michel Dubé, the president of the Sudbury chapter. Dubé was especially close to the professional wrestler Ion Croitoru, who served as the president of the Hamilton chapter. Campbell met Croitoru at party in Sudbury hosted by Dubé. Campbell described Croitoru as a man of very low intelligence, but with a very fierce competitive streak as he would not accept being defeated at anything. Campbell found this side of Croitoru highly ironic given Croitoru's work in the pseudo-sport of professional wrestling, where his role was that of a "jobber" (a wrestler always scripted to lose). At the party, Campbell defeated Croitoru numerous times in Indian leg-wrestling. Croitoru spent the rest of the party relentlessly pestering Campbell to explain how he won, leading him to recall: "He wouldn't leave me alone. That night, he was like a dog following me around". Campbell finally explained: "As soon as you hook, you roll". At point, a rematch was held and Croitoru won, leading Campbell to state: "When I showed him, he almost broke my back". In 1995, Satan's Choice became involved in a biker war with the Loners Motorcycle Club. Campbell arranged to have all of York Region north of Highway 7 declared a "no-war" zone to prevent the struggle from getting out of hand. In what he considered a personal triumph, Campbell had the entire Keswick county chapter of the Loners "patch over" to Satan's Choice in his garage. In the summer of 1997, Campbell retired as the Oshawa chapter president, feeling that as a middle-aged man he was no longer up to the challenge of leading his chapter. By 1999, he was associating on a regular basis with the Hells Angels national president Walter Stadnick. On 27 May 2000, Campbell married his common-law wife, Evelyn Hughes. In the fall of 2000, Campbell's successor as Oshawa chapter president, Mark Stephenson, telephoned him to say that Stadnick had offered to allow all Satan's Choice members to join the Hells Angels on a "patch-for-patch" basis, meaning that they could enter the Hells Angels with patches equivalent to their current patches without taking a demotion in rank. Campbell told Stephenson: "Go for it. It's the biggest and best club in all the world". Hells Angels Chapter president On 29 December 2000, in a much publicized ceremony, most of the Ontario outlaw biker gangs such as Satan's Choice, the Vagabonds, the Lobos, the Last Chance, the Para-Dice Riders and some of the Loners travelled to Hells Angels' "mother chapter" clubhouse in Sorel, just south of Montreal to join the Hells Angels, making them at one stroke the dominant outlaw biker club in Ontario. As a result of the mass "patch-over" in Sorel, with 168 outlaw bikers becoming Hells Angels, the greater Toronto area went from having no Hells Angels chapters to having the highest concentration of Hells Angels' chapters in the world. Campbell attended the ceremony to exchange his vest with the Satan's Choice patch for a vest with the Hells Angels patch. During the ceremony, Campbell accidentally stepped into a police van that was recording the event, leading the policemen to say "hello" before Campbell realized his mistake. In May 2001, Campbell visited the Netherlands and France to meet European Hells Angels, whom considered him to be a legendary character. During his visit to Paris, the wife of a German Hells Angels chapter president muttered to her husband about the giant swastika tattoo on Campbell's right arm. When Campbell asked what she was saying, he was told: "If you come to Germany with that tattoo or a lightning bolts, your ass goes to jail". Campbell insists that he is not a Nazi and only had the swastika tattoo for its shock value, insisting he just wishes to offend respectable Canadians. He later had the swastika tattoo covered up. Campbell was at first put in charge of a puppet club, the Road Warriors, that operated in eastern Ontario. Campbell then served as the president of the Hells Angels Sudbury chapter from 2001 to 2006. Campbell worked closely with Sylvain "20/20" Vachon, a member of the Angels' Sherbrooke chapter who relocated to Sudbury. As about 40% of the people of Sudbury speak French as their first language, Vachon faced no linguistic handicaps in moving to northern Ontario. As the president of the Sudbury chapter, Campbell recruited the boxer Phillip Boudreault into the Hells Angels. Campbell serves as a surrogate father for Boudreault, whom calls him "Dad". Boudreault said of Campbell: "He's got a really, really hard shot. He throws it like it's the last punch he'll ever throw". Much to his annoyance, Campbell received a telephone call from an young man whom he had never met who told him he wanted to be a drug dealer. Campbell at first thought the caller was an undercover policeman, but then decided the caller was too much of an "idiot" to be a policeman. When the young man arrived at his home, Campbell asked how did he find his phone number and address, leading him to reply "I Googled you". Campbell did not know what Google was and, upon finding out, expelled the man from his home at gunpoint. In 2006, he almost joined the Nanaimo chapter of the Hells Angels, but declined when he discovered there was much tension between the British Columbia chapters and the Ontario chapters, with the feeling on the West Coast being that the members from Ontario were entitled and spoiled. On 31 May 2006, it was decided to include Campbell into the Angels downtown Toronto chapter. Unknown to Campbell, the sergeant-at-arms of the downtown Toronto chapter, David Atwell, was a police informer. The wire that Atwell was wearing recorded the vice-president of the downtown Toronto chapter, Douglas Myles, as saying: "Lorne is a great guy, just don't do any business with him. He's no good with money, but he'll stand besides ya in a bar [fight] and everything, and uh he's a great guy". The police handlers for Atwell directed him to target Campbell, whom the police especially wanted to see imprisoned. Through a Satan's Choice member-turned-Hells Angel, Shaun Robinson, Atwell got to know Campbell well. In July 2006 Atwell spent a weekend at Campbell's cottage at Baysville in the Muskoka region where the two tried fruitlessly to fish for trout. On 6 February 2007, while wearing a wire, Atwell recorded a discussion with Campbell about a plan to set up a meeting for him to buy cocaine with the intention of selling it. On 20 February 2007, Atwell recorded having a discussion with Campbell about their plan to sell the cocaine he had purchased in Kitchener. On 23 February, Atwell recorded Campbell as saying that he had gone to Kitchener and sold all of the cocaine. In early 2007, a member of the Angels' downtown Toronto chapter, Mehrdad "Juicy" Bahman, had purchased several liters of GHB, the so-called "date rape" drug from Omid "Mo" Bayani of the Vancouver-based United Nations gang with Vincenzo Sansalone of the Angels' Haney chapter acting as the broker. Bayani via Sansalone had supplied the GHB to Bahman to sell in the Toronto area with the understanding that he would pay him $80, 000 dollars once the GHB was sold; instead the police seized the GHB from Bahman's garage in February 2007 before any sales had taken place while Bahman lacked the necessary funds to pay back Bayani. The debt totaled some $100, 000 dollars as Sansalone had charged some $20, 000 dollars for his work as a broker in connecting Bayani to Bahman. Atwell described Bahman as a disreputable man who because he had fought in the Iran-Iraq war as an young man before coming to Canada was felt to have certain combat skills that made him useful to the Angels, to such an extent that the Angels' waived their usual whites only policy to allow the Iranian immigrant Bahman to join. As Bahman was a member of the Angels' downtown Toronto chapter, his inability to pay Bayani and Sansalone were felt to reflect badly on the chapter who had a "no-rip offs" policy on drug deals. Campbell together with the chapter president John "Winner" Neal, vice-president Douglas Myles and Larry Pooler all paid off Bahman's $100, 000 drug debt to Sansalone and Bayani. On 3 April 2007, on the basis of testimony and wire-recordings made by Atwell, Campbell was charged with conspiracy to sell cocaine. Last trial Campbell was denied bail and held at the Don Valley Jail. Campbell's cellmate was an African-American man, Gary Freeman, who had fled to Canada in 1969 after shooting and wounding a white Chicago police officer, whom he claims to have shot in self-defense. Freeman had lived in Toronto under an assumed name for decades where he had worked as a librarian's assistant, married and had three children. Freeman had been arrested in 2004 after his identity had been exposed, leading to his arrest following an extradition request for the United States for him to face charges of attempted murder in Chicago. Freeman chose to contest his extradition, and he had been sent to the Don Jail pending his hearing as he was considered to be a flight risk. Most of the other prisoners in the wing of the Don jail that Campbell was held in were black, and Freeman assisted Campbell with winning the respect of the other inmates. Campbell described Freeman as much more self-disciplined than the other inmates who respected him for his honesty and toughness. Campbell felt that the decision to hold him with the "gangstas" as the black accused called themselves was meant to be a punishment as originally the "gangstas" did not welcome him, saying that they disliked the Hells Angels for its whites only policy. While waiting trial, Campbell was upset to learn his friend, Gerry "Gentleman Gerry" Tobin of the Angels' Calgary chapter who had relocated to England had been murdered on 12 August 2007 by the Outlaws while riding on the M40 highway. Campbell used the murder of Tobin as an example of why he hates the Outlaws, saying that only the Outlaws would shoot a man in the back. Campbell's trial began on 13 September 2010 and was to prove to be one of the longest trials in Canadian history. The centerpiece of the Crown's case rested on charges of gangterism relating to allegations of criminal conspiracy. The Crown alleged that because the other members of the downtown Toronto chapter such as Campbell had paid off Bahman's drug debts to Bayani and Sansalone, which totaled $100, 000 dollars, that his action was part of a criminal conspiracy and made the Toronto chapter a criminal organization. Campbell insists that: "Nobody knew about this, but Juicy. It was no club conspiracy to deal GHB. They don't even know what it was". Campbell stated that he felt Bahman was a repulsive man as he recalled: "He was farting from the prisoner's box during the preliminary. He thinks it's funny. I said, 'That the judge that's judging you, you stupid fuck. That's the judge that judging me too. We're facing years. I'm getting double digits if we're convicted, you stupid fuck'. It was funny when he called her Judge Dodge Omni, but the loud farting had to stop". Campbell described Bahman as a boorish man with disgusting table manners whom he greatly hated. By contrast, Campbell expressed much admiration for Bayani who was attending the trial as an observer from the public benches, saying "I liked his style". Bahman planned to plead guilty to the criminal conspiracy charges in exchange for a lesser sentence, which Campbell warned would worsen the situation of himself and the other accused, stating that he said: "Juicy, don't do that. Don't tell me you can make a deal for conspiracy and not involve anyone else". The crux of the Crown's case was whatever the Campbell and other accused had paid off Bahman's drug debt to Bayani in 2007 as part of a criminal conspiracy on behalf of the Angels to sell GHB as alleged by the Crown or were merely trying to protect their colleague Bahman from being murdered by Bayani as alleged by the defense. In November 2010, Atwell took the stand as a witness for the Crown. Atwell was nervous on the stand, saying "I'm a...rat. I've got to be hiding for the rest of my life". Campbell hates Atwell as the man who had betrayed him, and made a point of ignoring him at the trial to show his contempt. Campbell's lawyer, Tony Bryant, had wanted him to take the stand, but chose not, feeling that it would be better not to answer the Crown's questions. In May 2011, Bryant, argued in his summary to the jury: "That idea that someone can only be convicted of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt is a hallmark of the Anglo-Canadian criminal justice system-a bulwark that separates our system from those of other societies considerably less free and democratic". On 22 May 2011, Campbell was convicted of the cocaine conspiracy charge, but acquitted of the gangsterism charges. For Campbell, the acquittal on the gangterism charges as the jury accepted the defense's thesis that he and the other members had paid off Bahman's drug debt to protect him was a triumph, as he insists that it validates his thesis that the downtown Toronto chapter was not a crimianl organization. In sentencing Campbell, the judge added in the four years he spent in jail awaiting trial, so he served no prison time. Retirement In June 2011, he retired from the Hells Angels as a member in "good standing". Campbell admits that he put his biker lifestyle ahead of his family, and after the last trial felt he wanted to spend more time with his daughter and granddaughters, saying: "Before there was always something. Now there's time". In 2013, Lowe described Campbell as suffering from spinal stenosis, which causes him to walk with a cane. In September 2017, Campbell expressed much disapproval of a new club using the name and patch of Satan's Choice, saying it was an "insult". Bibliography References Living people 1948 births 20th-century Canadian criminals 21st-century Canadian criminals Canadian male criminals Canadian gangsters Hells Angels Canadian people convicted of drug offences Canadian prisoners and detainees Prisoners and detainees of Canada Canadian people of English descent Canadian people of German descent Canadian people of Scottish descent People from Whitby, Ontario

69809505

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Surat%20gas%20leak

2022 Surat gas leak

On 6 January 2022, at least six people died and 22 people became sick following gas leak from a tanker in an industrial area in Sachin, Surat, Gujarat, India. Incident and rescue Around 4:25 am IST on 6 January 2022, the gas leaked from a tanker parked in Sachin GIDC, an industrial area. It was reported that the driver of the tanker was illegally dumping the chemical waste in the drain which resulted in gas leak. The driver fled. The labourers sleeping in nearby dyeing and printing factory and outside were affected. They fell unconscious following inhaling the leaked gas and were admitted in the New Civil Hospital in Surat. At least six people died and 22 people were hopsitalised. Two stray dogs also died. The fire brigade sealed the tanker. The leaked chemical was identified as sodium hydrosulphite. The people from the area were evacuated as a precaution. Investigation The initial investigation revealed that the chemical was purchased from Hikal Ltd, a pharma-chemical factory from Taloja in Maharashtra on pretext of selling it to another company and then was illegally dump in Surat by the accused. An FIR was also register against the managing director of the Hikal Ltd and other officials. Eleven people were arrested by state police. The National Green Tribunal issued notice to the Gujarat Pollution Control Board. See also Visakhapatnam gas leak List of industrial disasters References 2022 disasters in India 2022 industrial disasters Disasters in Gujarat 2020s in Gujarat January 2022 events in India

69810132

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Major%20Sinha%20Mohammed%20Rashed%20Khan

Murder of Major Sinha Mohammed Rashed Khan

The Murder of Major Sinha Mohammed Rashed Khan refers to the extrajudicial killing of a retired Bangladesh Army Major in Cox's Bazar by members of Bangladesh Police on 31 July 2020. Background Khan had served in Bangladesh Army and on deputation in the Special Security Forces. He voluntarily retired from the army in 2018. Khan had travelled to Cox's Bazar to make a documentary and was staying at Nilima Resort. He was accompanied by Shahedul Islam Sifat, Shipra Debnath, and Tahsin Rifat Nur; all of whom are film and media students at Stamford University Bangladesh. He was driving with an associate, Shehedul Islam Shifat, on Marine Drive road on 31 July 2020 when they were stopped at Shamlapur police check post by Inspector Liaqat Ali at around 9 pm. He was shot eight times by Inspector Ali. He was bought to Cox's Bazar Sadar Hospital where he was declared dead. According to the police they shot Khan after he pointed a gun at them, however according to the witness present Khan had raised his hands in the air when he was shot. Inspector Pradeep called Superintendent of Police ABM Masud Hossain and informed him a army major had been killed in an "encounter"; the recording of the conversation was leaked on social media. After Khan's death Shahedul Islam Sifat and Shipra Debnath were detained by Bangladesh Police while Rifat was handed over to his family. Ramu Police filed a case against Shipra on 1 August saying that they recovered alcohol from her room. Sifat was charged with the murder of Major Sinha and for possession of narcotics, a separate charge in which they claimed to have recovered 250 grams of marijuana and 50 Ya ba tablets. Ain o Salish Kendra represented the students. On 2 August 2020, the Public Security Division of the Ministry of Home Affairs created a four man investigation team to look into the death of Khan. The team was led by Chittagong Additional Divisional Commissioner Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, and included Lieutenant Colonel Md Sajjad Hossain representing the Armed Forces Division, Chittagong Range Additional Deputy Inspector General Zakir Hossain Khan, and Cox's Bazar Additional District Magistrate Shahjahan Ali. On 12 August 2020, the team took statements from witnesses at Shamlapur Rohingya camp. The probe committee announced they would give a final report on 6 September 2020. It summitted the report a day later and it got leaked to the media. Sharmin Shahriar Ferdous, sister of Khan, filed a murder case with the court on 5 August 2020. On 6 August 2020, six of the accused were taken into custody. On 16 September 2020, Superintendent of Police ABM Masud Hossain was transferred to Rajshahi District. His withdrawal was demanded by the Retired Armed Forces Officer's Welfare Association to ensure a fair and neutral investigation. Later 1500, almost the entire police force in Cox's Bazar District, were transferred out of the district. On 13 December 2020, charges were pressed against 15 individuals by the investigating officer, Senior Assistant Superintendent of Police Mohammad Khairul Islam of Rapid Action Battalion. The 15 accused included two top officers of Tekhnaf Police Station, Inspector Pradeep Kumar Das who was the officer in charge of the station and Inspector Liaqat Ali the head of investigations at the Baharchhara police outpost under Tekhnaf Police Station. Among the accused included Tekhnaf Police Station Sub-inspector Nandadulal Rakshit and three constables of the station, Abdullah Al Mamun, Mohammad Mostafa, Rubel Sharma, Sagar Deb, and Safanur Karim. The other accused came from the local unit of Armed Police Battalion including Sub-inspector Mohammad Shahjahan and two constables Mohammad Abdullah and Muhammad Rajib. Three locals were also charged in the case, they were Mohammad Ayaz, Nejamuddin, and Nurul Amin. The charge sheet was submitted before Senior Judicial Magistrate of Cox's Bazar District Tamanna Farah. constable Sagar Deb went on the run after the incident while the 14 other accused were in police custody. The investigation officer of Rapid Action Battalion also recommended department measures be taken against Superintendent of Police ABM Masud Hossain and described his actions as "unprofessional" and negligent. Investigation According the investigation officer of Rapid Action Battalion, Khan had discovered evidence of Inspector Das' involvement in the Ya ba trade in Cox's Bazar District while making a documentary. He met inspector Das who then warned the major to leave Cox's Bazar. During the two years Inspector Das was in charge of Tekhnaf Police Station 87 people were killed in gunfights with the police. Sagar Deb surrendered before the court on 24 June 2021 after being on the run for 10 months. On 27 June 2021, Cox's Bazar District and Sessions Judge's Court placed charges against 15 accused including 12 police officers. On 24 August 2021, Sharmin Shahriar Ferdous gave her testimony at the Cox's Bazar District and Sessions Judge's Court. She alleged Khan was killed by Inspector Liaqat Ali at the instructions of Officer in Charge of Tekhnaf Police Station, Pradeep Kumar Das. During the trial a local journalist testified that Inspector Das assaulted him and filed false cases against him after he wrote about the inspector's involvement in the local drug trade. During the trial a witness identified inspector Ali as the one who shot the major and inspector Das confirmed the kill. On 2 December 2021, the court concluded the hearing the statements of the prosecution witnesses and set 6 to 8 December as the dates to hear the testimonies of the defense witnesses. Verdict The court announced its verdict on 31 January 2022 with the 15 accused in the court. The two top officers, Inspectors Pradeep Kumar Das and Liaqat Ali, were sentenced to death. Six other accused were sentenced to life imprisonment and seven others were acquitted. References 2020 murders in Asia 2020s murders in Bangladesh Deaths by person in Bangladesh July 2020 crimes in Asia

69810904

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Raima%20Islam%20Shimu

Murder of Raima Islam Shimu

Raima Islam Shimu ( – after 16 January 2022) was a Bangladeshi actress, film producer and director. She who has starred in 24 films and numerous TV dramas since 1998. Shimu disappeared on 16 January 2022, and she was later murdered. Early life and career Shimu was born in Barisal in . Her first film was Bartaman (1998), directed by Kazi Hayat. Her final film appearance was in Jamai Shashur (2002). Murder Shimu went missing on January 16, 2022. Shimu's husband Sakhawat Ali Nobel was depressed due to various reasons including closure of business. He gradually became suspicious of his wife being unfaithful. This led to marital quarrels, which eventually led to her death by her husband. Shimu reported her husband being abusive to the police sometimes earlier her death. Her husband and his friend planned and executed the murder, and later confessed to the police on January 19. Her dismembered dead body was found by police in Keraniganj Upazila in Dhaka District on 17 January 2022. The body was kept in the morgue of Sir Salimullah Medical College. Notes References 1977 births 2022 deaths Bangladeshi actresses Bangladeshi directors Bangladeshi film producers 2022 murders in Asia

69811366

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamdhoon%20Farooq

Hamdhoon Farooq

Hamdhoon Farooq (born 7 April 1988) is a Maldivian film actor and dancer. Early life and career Farooq was born on 7 April 1988 in Male'. His parents, Ali Farooq and Mariyam Haleem are actors working in the film industry since 1997. He is the brother of actor and director Ravee Farooq and comedy actor and dancer Hamdhan Farooq. In 2008, he appeared along with Ravee Farooq and Niuma Mohamed in Ravee's short film Erey by playing the role of a thug who get trapped at a construction site. He then starred alongside Mohamed Manik, Ahmed Asim and Ibrahim Jihad in Ali Shifau's horror suspense thriller short film Ummeedh as one of the four friends who get lost at sea. In 2014, Farooq collaborated with Ahmed Nimal for his drama film Aniyaa, alongside Niuma Mohamed, Ismail Rasheed and Mohamed Jumayyil. Due to some technical difficulties while screening the film, it failed to garner enough hype and did average business with mixed reviews critics. 2018 was a dull year for Maldivian film industry with regard to 2018 Maldivian presidential election, though he had two releases, where his first film was the suspense thriller film Dhevansoora written and directed by Yoosuf Shafeeu. The film marks Shafeeu's thirtieth direction and features an ensemble cast of twenty-one actors. Revolving around a murder investigating, the film received positive reviews from critics and was considered a "norm-breaker" for the Maldivian cinema. He then starred in the first Maldivian web-series, a romantic drama by Fathimath Nahula, Huvaa where he played a brief role as a police officer. Filmography Feature film Television Short film References Living people People from Malé 21st-century Maldivian actors Maldivian film actors 1988 births

69811707

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%3A%20Eat%2C%20Love%2C%20Kill

Link: Eat, Love, Kill

Link: Eat, Love, Kill () is an upcoming South Korean television series starring Yeo Jin-goo and Moon Ga-young. It is scheduled to premiere on tvN in first half of 2022. Synopsis Link: Eat, Love, Kill tells a story about a man (Yeo Jin-goo) who suddenly shares a woman's (Moon Ga-young) feelings and feels all her joys, sorrows, and pains. Cast Main Yeo Jin-goo as Eun Gye-hoon A sous chef at a high-end restaurant with beautiful visuals and sexy voice. Moon Ga-young as Noh Da-hyun A job seeker that believes smiling will bring good fortune, however in reality, the result is opposite. Supporting Lee Bom Sori as Hwang Min-jo A sergeant rank police officer whom has a great desire for work and dreams to expand her limitation as a woman officer by taking on more practical investigations. Song Deok-ho as Ji Won-tak A police officer with dark memories. Lee Suk-hyeong as Cha Jin-ho A junior chef of Eun Gye-hoon. Kim Ji-young as Hong Bok-hee Mother of Noh Da-hyun and owner of Chun-ok Hot Pot Restaurant. Yoo Jung-ho Yoo Dong-hoon as Bong Soon-kyung Lee Bom as Lee Eun-jeong A chef who works with Eun Gye-hoon, who has various food certifications and professional cooking skills. Production Casting The male lead role Eun Gye-hoon was first offered to actor Kim Seon-ho. On December 16, 2021 Yeo Jin-goo and Moon Ga-young confirmed their appearance in the series. References External links Upcoming television series Korean Broadcasting System television dramas Korean-language television shows Television series by Studio Dragon Television series by C-JeS Entertainment South Korean fantasy television series South Korean melodrama television series 2022 South Korean television series debuts

69812106

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieting%20Opera%20House

Wieting Opera House

The Wieting Opera House was a performance hall in Syracuse, New York, that hosted operas, films, and other performances from 1852 to 1930. Initially built by John Wieting in 1852 as Wieting Hall, the building burnt down in 1856. He rebuilt it that year, and in 1870 renovated the hall into an opera house. Towards the end of the 19th century, the opera house was a major theater in the Eastern United States, and held test performances of shows that were bound for performance on Broadway in New York City. The opera house burnt down in 1881 and 1896, and was rebuilt both times, the second time by Wieting's wife, Mary Elizabeth Wieting. The opera house began showing movies in the early 20th century, and closed in 1930, when it was replaced with a parking garage. History The block in Syracuse on which the Wieting Opera House was located, near Clinton Square, was initially a hardware store, shoe store, and "granite hall", a performance hall. The block burnt in 1849 or 1851, and was rebuilt shortly afterwards, as a large building with a hall on top by Charles A. Wheaton and Horace Wheaton. Their hall was the city's first to have a gallery. Wieting Hall The building was purchased by John Wieting in 1850. Wieting, who had made a fortune in lecturing, felt that Syracuse did not have a public hall that was proportionally large enough for the city. He either funded improvements or the building of a new hall in 1852. The hall was opened on December 16, 1852. Wieting had plans to develop his building further, but before he could, it burnt down on January 5, 1856. The fire almost razed the whole building; just the left wall was left standing. Firefighters who responded were unable to contain the fire at first as the water they were attempting to use froze. The damages were estimated at $200,000. No notable performances had been held in the hall at that point. Wieting oversaw the building of the second Wieting Hall in its place. Construction was completed in around 100 days and the hall opened on December 9, 1856. The hall was one story above the street and had an entrance on Salina Street, while the stage was to the west. A gallery went from the stage around the hall. Seating was first interlocked wooden chairs, but these were later replaced with "opera chairs". This hall became known for hosting various speakers. It held lectures from figures including Charles Dickens, Thurlow Weed, Dean Richmond, John Kelly, Charles Sumner, Henry Ward Beecher, Roscoe Conkling, Horace Greeley, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Buffalo Bill, Peter Cagger, Wendell Phillips, Samuel J. Tilden, Henry Jarvis Raymond, Stephen A. Douglas, John Albion Andrew, John Brough, Edwin D. Morgan, Roscoe Conkling, John Sherman, Gerrit Smith, William Lloyd Garrison, Hannibal Hamlin, Samuel Joseph May, Chester A. Arthur, John Van Buren, Horatio Seymour, and Anna Elizabeth Dickinson. The hall also held performances, with singers such as Adelina Patti, Christina Nilsson, and Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa. Others who performed include Edwin Booth, Edwin Forrest, Joseph K. Emmett, Charlotte Cushman, Harrigan and Hart, Ellen Terry, Lillian Russell, Sarah Bernhardt, Fanny Janauschek, John McCullough, Lawrence Barrett, Joseph Jefferson, and Henry Irving. During the 1860s, Wieting Hall hosted many minstrel shows by performers including Lew Benedict, Primrose and West, and Charles, Daniel and Gus Frohman. The hall was regularly the site of state conventions for political parties; the historian Franklin H. Chase stated that it held more conventions than any other American hall. Wieting Hall held the New York State convention of the Democratic Party in 1858; after beginning at noon the party could not resolve existing divisions and a disagreement arose over who should chair the meeting. Tensions rose high, and one chair was forcibly removed from his role. It was the site of pledges to the Union during the American Civil War, and a two-lecture series on November 14 and 15, 1861, by Frederick Douglass, titled "The Rebellion, its Cause and Remedy". In anticipation of Douglass's arrival, some Syracuse residents protested his visit; a handbill was circulated advocating for citizens to "drive him from our city!" Syracuse's mayor, Charles Andrews, fearing a mob might attack Douglass, deployed the police and drafted 50 additional men. He was joined in his efforts by the county sheriff and soldiers training at a nearby camp. Wieting refused to cancel Douglass's performance, and he arrived to a hall that was protected with soldiers and greeted by Andrews himself. The 1861 convention of the New York State Teachers Association was held at the hall, with speeches from figures including Susan B. Anthony. Dickens visited Syracuse in 1868 and read from A Christmas Carol and The Pickwick Papers for a reported two hours. In September 1871 Roscoe Conkling took leadership of the New York State Republican party at a convention at the Wieting. One of the last conventions held there was of the Liberal party in 1872. Wieting Opera House Twenty-four years after it opened, in 1870, Wieting had the building renamed the Wieting Opera House as part of a series of renovations. The building opened under its new name on September 19, 1870. It had a seating capacity of 1,017, and, despite its name, did not have a true opera performance until an 1886 performance by the American Opera Company. Foster Hirsch notes that opera was "not intended to be the theatre's staple" and the name merely offered a "respectable cover". In 1878 the hall hosted a convention of the National Liberal League. One of the last performances was Sarah Bernhardt, who appeared in March 1881 in Camille. The opera house caught fire on July 19, 1881, and was again burnt to the ground. Losses from the fire were estimated at $400,000, and it was again rebuilt, with the purchase of additional land. The new opera house was the first building in Syracuse to have incandescent lighting. It opened on September 18, 1883. Upon Wieting's death in 1888, his wife, Mary Elizabeth Wieting, inherited his estate and began managing the opera house. This hall burnt down on September 3, 1896, and Mary Wieting funded a rebuilding, which opened on September 16, 1897. She had been involved in the reconstruction, attempting to make the opera house "absolutely fire-proof" and offering suggestions to Oscar Cobb as he designed the new building. It was sometimes referred to as the "New Wieting Opera House". The building was heavily decorated, colored gold and rose, with chandeliers, floors made from Italian mosaic, silk and velvet drapes, and doors made from bronze. The Shubert brothers managed the opera house for almost 25 years beginning in the early 1900s. In September 1918, Lee and J. J. Shubert, attempted to file a legal suit in order to force the name of the building to be changed to the "Shubert–Wieting Opera House", which Wieting had her agent respond to by saying that such a change would be in "violation of the theatre lease and will not be countenanced". Notable performances and reputation At its peak, the Wieting was considered "one of the premiere theaters in the East". Its construction and the presence of several similar theaters developed the city into a place to try-out plays that would later go to be performed on Broadway. The theater was a member of The Theatrical Syndicate, which gave it "first claim" on a number of Broadway shows and revivals in the area. In 1889 Mary Wieting hired Sam S. Shubert as a treasurer, and two years later made him house manager. He in turn hired his brother, Levi. Sam progressed his career here for a time, producing his first show circa 1896 with a production of A Texas Steer. However, he left to manage the Bastable Theatre, a local competitor to the Wieting, in December 1897. Shubert led the Bastable in competition with the Wieting and the greater Theatrical Syndicate. According to the 2008 book Our Movie Houses, "all the big stars of the Broadway stage performed at the Wieting during the later decades of the nineteenth century." A 1930 article in the Syracuse Herald claimed that "[e]very theatrical star of any consequence in America since 1850 has appeared at the Wieting." Notable actors and lecturers that performed at the Wieting Opera House during this era include Lillian Russell, Victor Herbert, Helena Modjeska, Ellen Terry, and Mark Twain. The hall hosted a popular series of Gilbert and Sullivan shows. The first performance in the Wieting Opera House in 1870 was The Lancers. The first performance in the Wieting after it was reconstructed in 1882 was Romeo and Juliet starring Hortense Rhéa. In 1883 the Wieting held a performance The Maid of Arran, musical by Syracuse native L. Frank Baum. The stop was very successful; a local paper described a "very large and fashionable audience." Baum had the Wieting give out free copies of the musical's sheet music to attendees. The following year an October 4 performance of Prince Methusalem by the New York Opera Company began late after the company was unable to pay for transport to Syracuse due to a poor reception in Elmira, New York. The audience, described in The New York Times as a large one, had become impatient and "noisy demonstrations" broke out before the opera company emerged and the show began, belatedly. In December 1895 The School Girl starring Minnie Palmer came to the United States for a tour. It began on December 23 at the Wieting; shortly before the performance Richard Golden, a co-star, fell ill and the show's director William B. Gill was forced to take his place. The Wedding Day, starring Lillian Russell, opened its touring season on September 15, 1896, in what was also the newly rebuilt Wieting's first performance. The stop kicked off a tour that was described as having "exceptional success". In January 1899 the theater showed chronomatograph videos in an event kicked off by Burton Holmes. During Theodore Roosevelt's 1900 campaign for the presidency he spoke at the Wieting and nearby Clinton Square. An estimated crowd of slightly under 15,000 people heard him speak. On September 7, 1900, the Wieiting hosted a performance of Anthony Hope Hawkins to raise funds in the aftermath of that year's Galveston hurricane that ran from 11 am to 11 pm. On November 29, 1902, smoke from a nearby fire filled the opera house, but the company finished their performance. In 1905 the theatre advertised that Ida Tarbell would be performing there for twenty weeks, but this did not happen. The operetta Naughty Marietta was first run for a week at the Wieting beginning October 24, 1910, and it premiered on Broadway the following month. The New York Philharmonic Orchestra performed several times at the Wieting, first in 1896. A 1910 rendition of The Bohemian Girl put on by the orchestra was well received critically, but somewhat poorly attended. Later history The New Wieting Opera House added movies to its offerings in the early 1900s. The Wieting showed a premiere of the 1921 film The Right Way, which advocated for prison reform. The estate of Mary Wieting, who had died in 1927, held the opera house until they sold it to the Hemacon Realty Corporation for $1 million in July 1929. In May 1930 the Syracuse Herald described the building as probably "the outstanding relic of the past still existent in modern Syracuse". That year, the Shuberts's lease on the theater was set to expire on August 1, and the owners were unwilling to undertake reconstruction and expansion projects. The company's head said "There will be no theater on the Wieting site after Aug. 1. That much can be said with assurance." It was reported that the theater would likely be replaced by a garage, although a local theater owner, Nathan Robbins, was working to finance a reconstruction project. It was announced on June 21 that the Opera House had been purchased to be made into a parking garage that connected to the Lincoln Bank. The cost of purchase was later disclosed to be $200,000. By the time it was sold, the theater was in very poor condition, with water damage and unstable walls. The seats were removed, and the walls were reinforced, with one being completely reconstructed. At one point the land was occupied by Syracuse's E. W. Edwards department store. The current plot is occupied by the Atrium at Clinton Square, redeveloped in 1972. Footnotes References Historical buildings in Syracuse, New York Demolished theatres in New York (state) Theatres that have burned down

69812196

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20horror%20films

History of horror films

The history of horror films is one that was described by author Siegbert Solomon Prawer as difficult to read as a linear historical path, with the genre changing throughout the decades, based on the state of cinema, audience tastes and contemporary world events. Films prior to the 1930s have been retrospectively described as horror films as the genre did not become a codified genre until the release of Dracula (1931), where the style and themes of the film have been specifically re-adapted into similar works. Context In his book Caligari's Children: The Film as Tale of Terror (1980), author Siegbert Solomon Prawer stated that horror films cannot be interpreted as following a linear historical path. Historians and critics like Carlos Clarens noted that while some film audiences at the time took films made by Tod Browning that starred Bela Lugosi with utmost seriousness, other productions from other countries saw the material set for parody, as children's entertainment or nostalgic recollection. John Kenneth Muir in his books covering the history of horror films through the later decades of the 20th century echoed this statement, stating that horror films mirror the anxieties of "their age and their audience" concluding that "if horror isn't relevant to everyday life... it isn't horrifying". Prior to the release of Dracula (1931), historian Gary Don Rhodes explained that the idea of the horror film did not exist yet as a codified genre and although critics have used the term "horror" to describe films in reviews prior to Draculas release, the term has not truly developed by this time as the genre's name. The mystery film genre was in vogue and early information on Dracula being promoted as mystery film was common, despite the novel, play and film's story relying on the supernatural. Early influences Pre-film Forms of filmmaking that would become film genres were mostly defined in other media before Thomas Edison devised the Kinetograph in the late 1890s. Genres, such as adventure, detective stories, and Westerns were developed as written fiction while musical was a staple to theatre. Author and critic Kim Newman stated that if something was referred to as a horror film in 1890, no one would have understood what it meant as a specific genre, while following up that these types of films were being made but were not categorized as such at the time. Early sources of material that would influence horror films included gruesome or fantastical elements in the Epic of Gilgamesh, where heroes fight monsters, and the Bible, where plagues and apocalypses are discussed. Beliefs in ghosts, demons and the supernatural have long existed in folklore of many cultures and religions, that would go on to be integral elements of horror films. Zombies, for example, originated from Haitian folklore. In Asian Horror, Andy Richards suggests that there is a "widespread and engrained acceptance of supernatural forces" in many Asian cultures, and suggests this is related to animist, pantheist and karmic religious traditions, as in Buddhism and Shintoism; these would go on to strongly influence horror cinema from the region. Classical dramas also include elements later expanded upon by horror films, such as Hamlet, which includes vengeful spectres, exhumed skulls, multiple stabbings and characters succumbing to madness. Early Gothic fiction such as The Castle of Otranto (1764) and works of Ann Radcliffe dealt with the stories involving seemingly supernatural doings and magnetic yet repulsive villains set in castles, but with their supernatural pretenses often explained in the end. The most famous of these gothic novels was Frankenstein (1818) which would be adapted into several film adaptations. American writer Edgar Allan Poe wrote several stories in the 1830s and 1840s that would be translated to the film screen in the future. These included "The Black Cat", "The Murders in the Rue Morgue", "The Pit and the Pendulum", "The Fall of the House of Usher", and "The Masque of the Red Death". Poe's tales often presented women who were dead, dying or spectral and focus on the obsessions of their male protagonists. More key horror texts would be produced in the late 1800s and early 1900s than in all centuries proceeding it, including: Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886), The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890), Trilby (1894), The King in Yellow (1895), The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), Dracula (1897), The Invisible Man (1897), The Turn of the Screw (1898), The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902), Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (1904), and The Phantom of the Opera (1911). As these an many similar novels and short stories were being made, early cinema began 1890s. Many of these stories were not specifically focused on the horrific, but lingered in popular culture for their horrific elements and set pieces that would become cinema staples. Early film Newman described Georges Méliès Le Manoir du diable as the first horror film, with its imagery coming from centuries of books, legend and stage plays, featuring imagery of demons, ghosts, witches and a skeleton and a haunted castle which transforms into the devil. The film has no story, but a series of trick shots and vaudeville acts filmed. Méliès made over five hundred films between 1986 and 1914 ranging from historical recreation, religious films, drams, literary adaptations and false newsreels. In the early 20th century as films became popular around the world films were production was so hectic that often told tales were made and then remade within months of each other. Adaptations of the work with Poe were often adopted in France such as Le Puits dett le Pendule (1909) and America with The Sealed Room (1909) The Raven (1912) and The Pit and the Pendulum (1913). Other famous horror characters made their film debut in the era including Frankenstein's monster with Edison's Frankenstein (1910), Life Without Soul (1915), and the Italian production Il mostro di Frankenstein (1920). Several adaptations of other novels like The Picture of Dorian Gray were adapted around the world, including Denmark (Dorian Gray's Portaet (1910)), Russia (Portret Doryana Greya (1915)), Germany (Das Bildnis des Dorian Gray) and Hungary (Az Élet királya (1917)). The most adapted horror story was Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, which included early adaptations like William Selig's Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1908). This was followed by several versions, including a British version of the story (The Duality of Man (1910)), a Danish production (Den skæbnesvangre Opfindelse (1910)), and another American film in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1912. In 1920, three versions were made: J. Charles Haydon's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, John S. Robertson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and F. W. Murnau's Der Januskopf. Only a few actors and directors began specializing specifically in the genre. These included the German actor and director Paul Wegener, who would portray Balduin in The Student of Prague (1913), a Poe-like story about a deal with the Devil and a deadly doppelganger. Wegener would often work on stories involving a Jewish folktale character Golem, with Der Golem (1915), a sequel that also was a parody with The Golem and the Dancing Girl (1917), and a prequel The Golem: How He Came into the World (1920). The German film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) was described by Newman as having "breakout performances" by actors Werner Krauss and Conrad Veidt. Veidt also work in Der Graf von Cagliostro (1920), The Hands of Orlac (1924) and both Veidt and Krauss would work together in The Student of Prague (1926) and Waxworks (1924) where Krauss would portray the Devil and Jack the Ripper respectively. Murnau, who had previously adapted Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, made an adaptation of Dracula with Nosferatu (1922). Newman declared that this adaptation "stands as the only screen adaptation of Dracula to be primarily interested in horror, from the character's rat-like features and thin body, the film was, even more so than Caligari, "a template for the horror film." Hollywood would not fully develop horror film stars, but actor and make-up artist Lon Chaney would often portray the monsters in film, such as the ape-man in A Blind Bargain (1922), Quasimodo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and Erik in The Phantom of the Opera (1925) and a false vampire in London After Midnight (1927). Chaney was not a true horror film star and was mostly known for the melodramas he made with director Tod Browning such as The Unknown (1927) where he plays a murderer. 1930s In 1924, British producer Hamilton Deane premiered a stage version of Dracula at the Grand Theatre in Derby, England. An American version had premiered on Broadway in 1927 and featuring actor Bela Lugosi as Count Dracula. Rhodes described the play as "taking America storm". In June 1930, Universal Studios officially purchased the rights to both the play and the novel Dracula. Dracula premiered on February 12, 1931, at the Roxy Theatre in New York again with Lugosi in the title role. Contemporary critical response to Dracula was described by Tom Weaver, Michael Brunas and John Brunas, the authors of the book Universal Horrors, as "uniformly positive, some even laudatory" and as "one of the best received critically of any of the Universal horror pictures." Universal was reportedly surprised at the strong box office and critical praise for the film, and forged ahead to make similar productions of Frankenstein (1931) and Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932) which would also star Lugosi for their 1931–1932 season. British filmmaker James Whale directed Frankenstein starring Boris Karloff as the Monster also proved to be a hit for Universal which led to both Dracula and Frankenstein making film stars of Lugosi and Karloff respectively. While Karloff did not have any dialogue in Frankenstein, he was allowed to speak in Universal's The Mummy (1932), a film Newman described as the studio knowing "what they were getting" patterning the film close to the plot of Dracula while historian Gregory W. Mank called the "one-two punch Boris Karloff needed after Frankenstein to boost his stardom. Lugosi and Karloff would star together in several Poe-adaptations in the 1930s, including The Black Cat (1934) and The Raven (1935) and other horror features like The Invisible Ray (1936). Following the release of Dracula, the Washington Post declared the films box office success led to a cycle of similar films while the New York Times stated in a 1936 overview that Dracula and the arrival of sound film began the "real triumph of these spectral thrillers". Other studios began developing their own horror projects with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer making Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) and Mad Love (1935) and Paramount Pictures with Island of Lost Souls (1932) and Murders in the Zoo (1933), and Warner Bros. with Doctor X (1932) and Mystery of the Wax Museum (1933). Universal would also follow-up with Whale's The Old Dark House (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933), and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). RKO Pictures had also developed their own monster movie with King Kong (1933) which Newman felt owned more to Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World than the Dracula-Frankenstein cycle. Other productions included independents in the United States, such as the Halperin Organization making White Zombie (1933) with Lugosi, whose success led to a series of voo doo related film such as Drums O' Voodoo (1934), Black Moon (1934) and Ouanga. A few productions outside of America were also made such as the British film The Ghoul (1933) starring Karloff and the films of Tod Slaughter. Many horror films of this era provoked public outcry and censors cut many of the more violent and gruesome scenes from such films as Frankenstein, Island of Lost Souls and The Black Cat. In 1933, the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) introduced an "H" rating for films labeled "Horrific" for "any films likely to frighten or horrify children under the age of 16 years" In 1935, the President of the BBFC Edward Shortt, wrote "although a separate category has been established for these [horrific] films, I am sorry to learn they are on the increase...I hope that the producers and renters will accept this word of warning, and discourage this type of subject as far as possible." As the United Kingdom was a significant market for Hollywood, American producers listened to Shortt's warning, and the number of Hollywood produced horror films decreased in 1936. A trade paper Variety reported that Universal Studios abandonment of horror films after the release of Dracula's Daughter (1936) was that "European countries, especially England are prejudiced against this type product ." The latter half of the decade had Karloff making low budget films for Monogram Pictures and Lugosi being on welfare. At the end of the decade, a profitable re-release of Dracula and Frankenstein would encourage Universal to produce Son of Frankenstein (1939) featuring both Lugosi and Karloff, starting off a resurgence of the horror film that would continue into the mid-1940s. 1940s After the success of Son of Frankenstein (1939), Universal's horror films received what author Rick Worland of The Horror Film called "a second wind" and horror films continued to be produced at a feverish pace into the mid-1940s. Universal looked into their 1930s horror properties to develop new follow-ups such as The Invisible Man Returns (1940) and The Mummy's Hand (1941). Man Made Monster was a pivotal release for Universal's horror output, introducing actor Lon Chaney, Jr. Chaney, Jr. had received attention for his performance as Lennie Small in Of Mice and Men (1939). Universal saw potential in making Chaney a new star to replace Karloff as he had not distinguished himself in either A or B pictures. Chaney, Jr. would become a horror star for the decade showing in the films in The Wolf Man series, portraying the Mummy three times in The Mummy series, Frankenstein's Monster in Ghost of Frankenstein (1942) and as Count Dracula in Son of Dracula (1943). Universal also created new horror series such as the three-picture feature about Paula the Ape-woman, starting with Captive Wild Woman (1943). Universal began crossing their horror franchises in what was colloquially called "monster rally" films. Beginning with Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943) which had Frankenstein's Monster meet The Wolf Man, further crossovers that included Count Dracula continued in the 1940s with House of Frankenstein (1944) and House of Dracula (1945). B-Picture studios also developed films that imitated the style of Universal's horror output. Karloff worked with Columbia Pictures acting in various films as a "Mad doctor"-type characters starting with The Man They Could Not Hang (1939) while Lugosi worked between Universal and poverty row studios such as Producers Releasing Corporation (PRC) for The Devil Bat (1941) and Monogram for nine features films. In March 1942, producer Val Lewton ended his working relationship with independent producer David O. Selznick to work for RKO Radio Pictures' Charles Koerner, becoming the head of a new unit created to develop B-movie horror feature films. According to DeWitt Bodeen, the screenwriter of the Lewton's first horror production Cat People (1942), Bodeen watched British and American horror and suspense films that he felt were "typical of what we did not want to do" while director Jacques Tourneur recalled Lewton deciding to not make a "cheap horror movie that the studio expected but something intelligent and in good taste". Newman later described Cat People and the other horror productions by Lewton such as I Walked with a Zombie (1943) and The Seventh Victim (1943) as "polished, doom-haunted, poetic" while film critic Roger Ebert the films Lewton produced in the 1940s were "landmark[s] in American movie history". Several horror films of the 1940s borrowed from Cat People, specifically feature a female character who fears that she has inherited the tendency to turn into a monster or attempt to replicate the shadowy visual style of the film with Jungle Woman (1944), The Soul of a Monster (1944), The Woman Who Came Back (1945), She-Wolf of London (1946), The Cat Creeps (1946), and The Creeper (1948). Between 1947 and 1951, Hollywood made almost no new horror films. Between this period, American studios were re-releasing their back catalog of horror film productions by studios such as Universal and Monogram. Box-office receipts had fallen sharply due to decling theatre attendance leading to the Motion Picture Herald reporting that seven of the eleven major producer-distributors companies including MGM, Paramount, RKO, 20th Century Fox, Universal, Warner Bros. and PRC would re-release their previous seasons films. In the period between 1947 and 1951 at least 25 Bela Lugosi horror films were re-released theatrically. 1950s While studies suggest that gothic horror had fallen out of fashion between the release of House of Dracula (1945) and The Curse of Frankenstein (1957), small glimpses of the genre appeared in films such as The Son of Dr. Jekyll (1951), The Strange Door (1951), The Black Castle (1952) and House of Wax (1953). Prior to the release of Hammer Film Productions's gothic films, the last gothic horror films of the 1950s often featured aged stars like Bela Lugosi, Lon Chaney Jr., and Boris Karloff in films made by low budget indie film directors like Ed Wood or Reginald LeBorg or producers like Howard W. Koch. Hammer originally began developing American-styled science fiction films in the early 1950s but later branched into horror with their colour films The Curse of Frankenstein and Dracula (1958). These films would birth two horror film stars: Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing. Along with Hammer's more science fiction oriented series Quatermass, both the gothic and science fiction films of Hammer would develop many similar films within the years. Among the most influential horror films of the 1950s was The Thing From Another World (1951), with Newman stating that countless science fiction horror films of the 1950s would follow in its style, while the film, The Man from Planet X (1951) was still in debt to Universal horror style of filming with a bearded scientist and foggy sets. For five years following the release of The Thing From Another World, nearly every film involving aliens, dinosaurs or radioactive mutants would be dealt with matter-of-fact characters as seen in The Thing From Another World. Even films that adapted for older characters had science fiction leanings such as The Vampire (1957), The Werewolf (1956) and Frankenstein 1970 (1958) being influenced by the atomic inspired monsters of the era. Films with a Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde theme also appeared with The Neanderthal Man (1953), The Fly (1958), Monster on the Campus (1958) and The Hideous Sun Demon (1958). Smaller trends also included the Universal-International produced the film Cult of the Cobra (1955) which created a brief wave of horror films featuring Pin-up model like mutants such as The Leech Woman (1960) and The Wasp Woman (1959). Films from the 1950s reflected the filmmaking styles of the era. These included some horror films being shot in 3D, such as The Mad Magician (1954), Phantom of the Rue Morgue (1954), and The Maze (1953). Director William Castle also attracted horror audiences with his gimmick-themed horror films such as The Tingler (1959) and House on Haunted Hill (1959) that involved props and effects happening within the cinema. Horror films aimed a young audience featuring teenage monsters grew popular in the 1950s with several productions from American International Pictures (AIP) and productions of Herman Cohen with I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957) and I Was a Teenage Frankenstein (1957). This led to later productions like Daughter of Dr. Jekyll (1957) and Frankenstein's Daughter (1958). Horror films also expanded further into international productions in the 1950s such as Mexican production El vampiro (1957). In Italy, Riccardo Freda and Mario Bava developed early Italian horror films with I Vampiri (1957) and Caltiki – The Immortal Monster (1959). Productions also extended into the Philippines (Terror Is a Man (1959)), Germany (The Head (1959) and Horrors of Spider Island (1960)) and France (Eyes Without a Face (1960)). 1960s Newman that the horror film changed dramatically in 1960. Specifically, with Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho (1960) based on the novel by Robert Bloch. Newman declared that the film elevated the idea of a multiple-personality serial killer that set the tone future film that was only touched upon in earlier melodramas and film noirs such as Hangover Square (1945) and While the City Sleeps (1956). The release of Psycho led to similar pictures about the psychosis of characters, including What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962) and the Bloch-scripted Strait-Jacket (1964) by William Castle. The influence of Psycho continued into the 1970s with films ranging from Taste of Fear (1961), Paranoiac (1962), and Pretty Poison (1968). Following Psycho, there was a brief reappearance of what Newman described as "stately, tasteful" horror films such as Jack Clayton's The Innocents (1961) and Robert Wise's The Haunting (1963). Outside America, Japan released films to critical acclaim such as Masaki Kobayashi's Kwaidan (1965) which won international awards including Special Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the Academy Awards. Newman described Roman Polanski's Rosemary's Baby (1968) the other "event" horror film of the 1960s after Psycho. The influence of Rosemary's Baby story involving satanic themes would not be felt until the 1970s with films like The Exorcist (1973) and The Omen (1976). Roger Corman convinced AIP to develop two cheap black-and-white horror films, and used the budget of these two films to make the colour film House of Usher (1960). The film created its own cycle of Poe-adaptations by Corman, including The Pit and the Pendulum (1961), Tales of Terror (1962), and The Raven (1963) which provided roles for aging horror stars such as Karloff and Chaney, Jr. These films were made to compete with the British colour horror films from Hammer in the United Kingdom featuring their horror stars Cushing and Fisher. Hammer made several films in their Frankenstein series between 1958 and 1973, while still producing one-offs such as The Reptile (1966) and Plague of the Zombies (1966). Competition for Hammer appeared in the mid-1960s in the United Kingdom with Amicus Productions such as Dr. Terror's House of Horrors (1964) and also featured actors Cushing and Lee. Unlike Hammer, Amicus drew from contemporary sources such as Bloch (The Skull (1965) and Torture Garden (1967)) which led to Hammer adapting works by Dennis Wheatley (The Devil Rides Out (1968)). Mario Bava's Black Sunday (1960) marked an increase in onscreen violence in film. Prior to Bava's film, Fisher's early Hammer films had attempted to push the envelope; The Curse of Frankenstein relied on make-up to depict the horror of the monster, Dracula had its gorier scenes cut by the British Board of Film Censors, and the violence in the backstory of The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959) was conveyed mostly through narration. The violence in Psycho (1960), which was released a week earlier than Black Sunday, was portrayed through suggestion, as its famous "shower scene" made use of fast cutting. Black Sunday, by contrast, depicted violence without suggestion. This level of violence would later be seen in other Italian genre films, such as the Spaghetti Western and the giallo, including Bava's own Blood and Black Lace (1964) and the gialli of Dario Argento and Lucio Fulci. Other independent productions of the 1960s expanded on the gore shown in the films in a genre later described as the splatter film, with films by Herschell Gordon Lewis such as Blood Feast which led to similar minded independent directors making similar works like Andy Milligan and Ted V. Mikels. Newman found that the true breakthrough of these indepdent films was George A. Romero's Night of the Living Dead (1968) which set a new attitudes for the horror film, one that was suspicious of authority figures, broke taboos of society and was satirical between its more suspenseful set pieces. Black Sundays focus on combining eroticism and horror, specifically the eroticism of a tortured body — a trend that other European horror filmmakers like the French Jean Rollin and Spanish Jesús Franco would follow. Franco would make several horror films from the 1960s on, borrowing the plot of Eyes Without a Face (1960) for The Awful Dr. Orloff (1962) while screenwriter and actor Jacinto Molina under the name Paul Naschy began developing Spanish horror films by borrowing characters from Universal properties such as La Marca del Hombre Lobo (1968). 1970s Historian John Kenneth Muir described the 1970s as a "truly eclectic time" for horror cinema, noting a mixture of fresh and more personal efforts on film while other were a resurrection of older characters that have appeared since the 1930s and 1940s. Night of the Living Dead had what Newman described as a "slow burning influence" on horror films of the era, some just adapted the zombie framework such as The Living Dead at the Manchester Morgue (1974) while others became what Newman "the first of the genre auteurs", finding previous great genre directors such as Whale, Lewton and Terence Fisher had worked within studio settings. These included American directors such as John Carpenter, Tobe Hooper, Wes Craven and Brian De Palma as well as directors working outside America such as Bob Clark, David Cronenberg and Dario Argento. Prior to Night of the Living Dead, the monsters of horror films could easily be banished or defeated by the end of the film, while Romero's film and the films of other filmmakers would often suggest other horror still lingered after the credits. Horror films continued to be made around the world in the 1970s. In the United Kingdom, Amicus focused their production on humorous horror anthologies, such as Tales from the Crypt (1972). The studio stopped producing horror films by the mid-1970s and closed in 1977. By the 1970s, Hammer Films pushed their films in different directions, such as their new series where vampires are implied to be lesbians in The Vampire Lovers (1970), Lust for a Vampire (1970) and Twins of Evil (1971). Hammer's Dracula series was updated to contemporary settings with Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972) and its sequel The Satanic Rites of Dracula (1973), after which, Lee retired from the Dracula role. Hammer ceased feature film production in the 1970s. Other small booms in the Italian film industry included Argento's The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (1970) which created a trend in Italy for the giallo film. Other smaller trends permutated in Italy such as films involving cannibals, zombies, nazis which Newman described as "disreputable crazes". Some films of the 1970s pushed the eroticism to the point of horror and Pornographic film hybrids. The rise of zombie films towards the end of the decade was triggered by Romero's follow-up to Night, with Dawn of the Dead (1978). Remakes of proved to be popular choices for horror films in the 1970s, with films like Invasion of the Bodysnatchers (1978) and tales based on Dracula which continued into the late 1970s with John Badham's Dracula (1979) and Werner Herzog's Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979). Other American production also placed vampires in a contemporary settings with Count Yorga, Vampire (1970) and Blacula (1972). Blacula set off a cycle combining the blaxploitation and horror films with titles like Scream Blacula Scream (1973), Blackenstein (1973), and Ganja and Hess (1973). European production also continued to feature Dracula and Frankenstein such as Paul Morrissey's Blood for Dracula (1974) and Flesh for Frankenstein (1973) which both delved into the eroticism of their stories. Although not an official remake, the last high-grossing horror film of decade, Alien (1979) took b-movie elements from films like It! The Terror from Beyond Space (1958). The Exorcist (1973) was a film that Newman described as getting Hollywood back into horror film production. Along with Rosemary's Baby, Newman described the film as having the "grit and realism" that was part of the New Hollywood movement of the period with "nuanced performances" and non-star actors. Several films with the religious motifs of The Exorcist followed in the seventies in America with films like Abby (1974) and The Omen (1976) as well as Italy with films like A Black Ribbon for Deborah (1974). In 1988, Newman later described the cycle as being "burned out instantly" with films mostly borrowing from Rosemary's Baby and the last of the cycle to borrow from The Exorcist being Amityville II: The Possession (1982). In 1963, Hitchcock defined a new genre nature taking revenge on humanity with The Birds (1963) that was expanded into a trend into 1970s. Following the success of Willard (1971), a film about killer rats, 1972 had similar films with Stanley (1972) and an official sequel Ben (1972). Other films followed in suit such as Night of the Lepus (1972), Frogs (1972), Bug (1975), Squirm (1976) and what Muir described as the "turning point" in the genre with Jaws (1975), which became the highest-grossing film at that point and moved the animal attacks genres "towards a less-fantastic route" with less giant animals and more real-life creatures such as Grizzly (1976) and Night Creature (1977), Orca (1977), and Jaws 2 (1978). Newman's described Jaws as a "concerto of shock" noting its memorable music theme and its monster not being product of society like Norman Bates in Psycho or family like in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974). These elements were carried over into Carpenter's Halloween (1978) Newman described that along that high grossing films like Alien,Jaws and Halloween were hits based on "relentless suspense machines with high visual sophistication." Along with the other mainstream hit film De Palma's Carrie (1976), Halloween began the trend of teenagers becoming ever-present lead characters in horror films while Carrie itself was a film Newman described as having a "dream-logic" to its supernatural plot, which was extended to the plot of Argento's films like Suspiria (1977) and Inferno (1980), whose narrative logic was pushed to the point that Newman described their plots as "making no narrative sense". 1980s The 1980s marked the first time since the early 1960s of horror film fandom with far more loose organized community of fans rose with the increased publication of fanzines and magazines such as Cinefantastique, Fangoria and Starburst as horror film festivals like Shock Around the Clock and Dead by Dawn developing. In the appearance of home video, horror films came under attack in the United Kingdom as "video nasties" leading to people having their collection being seized by police and some people being jailed for selling or owning some horror films. Newman described the response to the video nasty issue led to horror films becoming "dumber than the previous decade" and although films were not less gory, they were "more lightweight [...] becoming more disposable , less personal works." Newman noted that these directors who created original material in the 1970s such as Carpenter, Cronenberg, and Hooper would all at least briefly "play it safe" with Stephen King adaptations or remakes of the 1950s horror material. In Italy, the Italian film industry would gradually move towards making films for television. The decade started with a high-budgeted production of Argento's Inferno (1980) and with the death of Mario Bava, Fulci became what historian Roberto Curti called "Italy's most prominent horror film director in the early 1980s". Several zombie films were made in the country in the early 80s from Fulci and others while Argento would continue directing and producing films for others such as Lamberto Bava. As Fulci's health deteriorated towards the end of the decade, many directors turned to making horror films for Joe D'Amato's Filmirage company, independent films or works for television and home video. In the 1980s, the older horror characters of Dracula and Frankenstein's monster rarely appeared in film outside nostalgic films like The Monster Squad (1987) and Waxwork (1988). Vampire themed films continued often in the tradition of authors like Anne Rice where vampirism becomes a lifestyle choice rather than plague or curse. This was reflected in such films as The Hunger (1983), The Lost Boys (1986), and Near Dark (1986). The 1980s highlighted several films about body transformation and men becoming wolves. Special effects and make-up artists like Rob Bottin and Rick Baker allowed for more detailed and graphic transformation scenes for creatures such as werewolves in films like An American Werewolf in London and The Howling while films like Altered States (1980) and The Thing (1982), Videodrome (1983) and The Fly (1986) would show the human body in various forms transformation. Several other sequels took to the revival of 3D film in the 1980s following the surprise hit film Comin' at Ya! (1981). These included Friday the 13th Part III (1982), Parasite (1982), and Jaws 3-D (1983). Replacing Frankenstein's monster and Dracula were new popular characters with more general names like Jason Voorhees (Friday the 13th), Michael Myers (Halloween), and Freddy Kruger (A Nightmare on Elm Street). Unlike the characters of the past who were vampires or created by mad scientists, these characters were seemingly people with common sounding names who developed the slasher film genre of the era. In his book on the genre, author Adam Rockoff that these villains represented a "rogue genre" of films with "tough, problematic, and fiercely individualistic." Following the financial success of Friday the 13th (1980), at least 20 other slasher films appeared in 1980 alone. These films usually revolved around five properties: unique social settings(campgrounds, schools, holidays) and a crime from the past committed (an accidental drowning, infidelity, a scorned lover) and a ready made group of victims (camp counselors, students, wedding parties). The genre was derided by several contemporary film critics of the era such as Ebert, and often were highly profitable in the box office. Other more traditional styles continued into the 1980s, such as supernatural themed films involving haunted houses, ghosts, and demonic possession. Among the most popular films of the style included Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980), Hooper's high-grossing Poltergeist (1982) and films in the Amityville Horror film franchise. After the release of films based on Stephen King's books like The Shining and Carrie led to further film adaptations of his novels such as Cujo (1983), Christine (1983), The Dead Zone (1983) and Firestarter (1984), and Children of the Corn (1984). King would even direct his own film with Maximum Overdrive in 1986. 1990s Horror films of the 1990s also failed to develop as many major new directors of the genre as it had in the 1960s or 1970s. Young intendent filmmakers such as Kevin Smith, Richard Linklater, Michael Moore and Quentin Tarantino broke into cinema outside the genre at non-genre festivals like the Sundance Film Festival. Newman noted that the early 1990s was "not a good time for horror", noting excessive sequels such as The Exorcist III (1990), Amityville 1992: It's About Time (1992) and returns of sequels to The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, Friday the 13th and A Nightmare on Elm Street. Muir commented that in the 1990s after the end of the Cold War, the United States did not really have a "serious enemy" internationally, leading to horror films adapting to fictional enemies predominantly within America, with the American government, large businesses, organized religion and the upper class as well as supernatural and occult items such as vampires or Satanists filling in the horror villains of the 1990s. Muir described the 1990s, more than any decade before it blurred genres and transcended existing ones. This led to post-modern horror films such as Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994) which examined horror films in an American society, In the Mouth of Madness (1995) which turns reality into a horror film, and Scream (1996) which made several references to horror films of the past. The release of Scream, scripted by Kevin Williamson led to a brief revival of the slasher films including the Williamson-scripted I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997). Other styles of teen-oriented horror that were popular in the 1990s, but with less visibility than the post-Scream films were films about supernatural youth such as Mirror, MIrror (1990) and Shrunken Heads (1994) with the most popular of these films being The Craft (1996). Cultural conflicts of the 1990s became the backdrop for several horror films of the era. Ranging from issues involving abortion seen in films like The Unborn (1991) and Alien 3 (1992), political correctness (Body Snatchers (1993)), to affirmative action, welfare and race related issues seen in The People Under the Stairs (1991), Tales from the Hood (1995), and Village of the Damned (1995). The rise of other television shows such as Inside Edition, America's Most Wanted and The Jerry Springer Show, Geraldo and Donahue , horror films often featured anchorwomen and TV tabloid hosts as protagonists or supporting characters in films like Man's Best Friend (1993), Scream (1996) and The Night Flier (1997). The rapid growth of technology in the 1990s with the internet and the fears of the Year 2000 problem causing the end of the world were reflected in plots of films like The Lawnmower Man (1992), Brainscan (1994) and End of Days (1999). Following the release of Francis Ford Coppola's Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), a small wave of high-budgeted gothic horror romance films were released in the 1990s.These included Interview with the Vampire (1994), Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994), Wolf (1994) and Mary Reilly (1996). By the end of the 1990s, three films were released that Newman described as "cultural phenomenons." These included Hideo Nakata's Ring (1998), which along with the South Korean film Whispering Corridors (1998), was the major hit across Asia leading to sequels and similar ghost stories from Asian countries. The film only crossed over into the Western world after the 1990s.The second major hit was The Sixth Sense, another ghost story which Newman described as making "an instant cliche" of twist endings. The final hit was the low-budget independent film The Blair Witch Project (1999) 2000s Newman described the first trend of horror films in the 2000s followed the success of The Blair Witch Project, but predominantly in a parody format: The Bogus Witch Project (2000), The Blair Underwood Project (2000) and the pornographic The Erotic Witch Project (2000). Other films included similar low-budget imitators like The St. Francisville Experiment (2000) with a similar plot to The Blair Witch Project. Alexandra Heller-Nicholas, noted that the popularity of sites like YouTube in 2006 sparked a taste for amateur media, leading to the production of further films in the found footage horror genre later in the decade with Rec (2007), Diary of the Dead (2007), and Cloverfield (2008) and the particularly financially successful Paranormal Activity (2007). Following Paranormal Activity, the style was not known for the footages possible authenticity as it was with Blair Witch, but more of a specific film style. Post-modern horror films continued into the 2000s as well with Cherry Falls (2000) and Psycho Beach Party (2000) but soon drifted purely into comedy and parody territory with the Scary Movie film series and Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the 13th (2000). Other teen oriented series began in the era with Final Destination while the success of the 1999 remake of William Castle's House on Haunted Hill led to a series of remakes in the decade: Thi13en Ghosts (2001), Willard (2003), Dawn of the Dead (2004), The Fog (2005), Prom Night (2008) and The Last House on the Left (2009). Several film series long left dormant were resurrected in the 2000s as well with Jason X (2001), Beyond Re-Animator (2003), Exorcist: The Beginning (2004), and Land of the Dead (2005).The popularity of Dawn of the Dead (2004) led to a return of zombie films in the late 2000s with I Am Legend (2007), Zombieland (2009), Dead Snow (2009) and Pontypool (2008). Several films came from Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, and Japan in the wake of the success of Ring (1998). These films mostly involved female detectives using various forms of detective work to learn mystery about malevolent female ghosts. These included The Eye (2002), Dark Water (2002), and Into the Mirror (2003). This trend was echoed in the West with films like FeardotCom (2002), They (2002) and Gothika (2003). Hollywood also began remaking these Japanese films with The Ring (2002), Dark Water (2005). Outside the Japanese ghost stories, Asian film industries also began developing what Newman described as "bizarre" horror films with Uzumaki (2000), Stacy (2001) and several films by Takashi Miike. There was a what Newman declared to be a "modest revival" of British horror films in the 2000s, with tiny trend of War film related horror films with The Bunker (2001), Dog Soldiers (2002) and the Hollywood produced Below (2002). Outside several independent films and films attempting a style of horror that Dimension Films was making in the 1990s, Newman felt the breakouts of the new British horror were My Little Eye (2002), 28 Days Later (2002), Shaun of the Dead (2004), and The Descent (2005). At the turn of the millennium, a movement in French cinema known as New French Extremity was named by film by film programmer James Quandt, initially describing arthouse films that "determined to break every taboo, to wade in rivers of viscera and spumes of sperm, to fill each frame with flesh, nubile, or gnarled, and subject it to all manner of penetration mutilation and defilement" In her book Films of the New French Extremity, Alexandra West found that some of directors started making horror films that would still fit their art house standards such as Claire Denis's Trouble Every Day (2001) and Marina de Van's In My Skin (2002), which led to other directors to make more what West described as "outright horror films" such as Alexandre Aja's High Tension (2003) and Xavier Gens' Frontier(s) (2007). Some of these horror films of the New French Extremity movement would regularly place on "Best Of" genres lists, such as Martyrs (2008) , Inside (2007) and High Tension. West described journalists and fans as seeing the more horror-oriented films of the movement as "an intellectual sibling" to the emerging trend of "Torture porn". David Edelstein of the New York Times coined a term for a genre he described as "Torture porn" in a 2006 article, as a label for films described, often retroactively, to over 40 films since 2003. Edelstein lumped in films such as Saw (2004), The Devil's Rejects (2005), and Wolf Creek (2005) under this banner suggesting audience a "titillating and shocking" push audiences to the margins of depravity in order to "feel something". The label was described as "intense bodily acts and visible bodily representations" to produce uneasy reactions. Kevin Wetmore, using the Saw film series suggested these film suggested reflected a post Post-9/11 attitude towards increasing pessimism, specifically one of "no redemption, no hope, no expectations that 'we're going to be OK'" Newman also noted a post-9/11 trend of stories that tend to re-work or re-do a reality that was to difficult to handle, similar to films like The Sixth Sense or The Matrix. Horror films that followed this trend included ghost stories with films like The Others (2001) and The Orphanage (2007). 2010s-present After the film studio Blumhouse had success with Paranormal Activity (2007), the studio continued to films that grew to become hits in the 2010s with film series Insidious. This led to what Newman described as the companies policy on "commercial savvy with thematic risk that has often paid off", included Get Out (2017), The Invisible Man (2020), Happy Death Day (2017) and series like The Purge. Laura Bradley in her article for Vanity Fair noted that both large and small film studios began noticing Blumhouse's success, including A24 who did not specialize in horror or genre films, made their names grow popular with films like The Witch (2015), Hereditary (2018) and Midsommar (2019). Bradley commented how some of these films were classified as "elevated horror", declaring "horror aficionados and some critics pushed back against the notion that these films are doing something entirely new." noting their roots in films like Night of the Living Dead (1968) and Rosemary's Baby (1968). In the early 2010s, there became a wave of horror films that showed what Virginie Sélavy noted described as having psychedelic tendency that was inspired by experimentation of 1970s and its subgenres, specifically folk horror. The trend began with two films: Enter the Void (2009) and Beyond the Black Rainbow (2010). Since these films, a series of films that Sélavy described as being like "a calamitous trip or creepy dreams" were released such as Berberian Sound Studio (2011), Under the Skin (2013) and We Are the Flesh (2016), and Climax (2018). These films do not always share the consciousness-expanding spirit of 1960s and 1970s. The reasons for these trends tended to be from filmmakers who grew up in the 1970s as well as home video distributors such as Arrow Video, Shameless and Nucleus Films releasing restorations of the more outlandish and forgotten films of the original psychedelic era. The expansion of international streaming media services is thought to have boosted the popularity of horror. Several horror television series on Netflix such as The Haunting of Hill House became successes for the platform, Blumhouse partnered with Amazon Prime Video for distribution, and Shudder, a streaming service dedicated primarily for horror titles, was launched in 2015 and grew in popularity in subsequent years. Streaming was cited as bringing increased international attention to Southeast Asian horror films, particularly Indonesian titles such as Joko Anwar's Satan's Slaves and Impetigore, and Roh from Malaysia. Adapted from the Stephen King novel, It (2017) set a box office record for horror films by grossing $123.1 million on opening weekend in the United States and nearly $185 million globally. The success of It led to further King novels being adapted, including It Chapter Two (2019), Pet Sematary (2019), and Doctor Sleep (2019). Following the turn of the millennium rise of Asian horror films, South Korean horror films resurrected itself with zombie films including Train to Busan (2016), The Odd Family: Zombie on Sale (2019) Peninsula (2020) as well as non-zombie related films such as The Wailing (2016). The COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020 disrupted the film industry, leading to the release of several horror films being postponed, such as A Quiet Place Part II (2020) and Candyman (2021), while other films like Censor (2021) had production halted. During lockdowns, streaming for films featuring fictional apocalypse increased. Found footage horror found itself imposed into films set on desktops in Zoom meetings with Host (2020), a film shot and set during the quarantine period of 2020, to what Newman described as further enhancing the "this really happened" aspect of the genre. Blumhouse furthered its relationship with Universal Pictures by scheduling similarly budgeted films like The Invisible Man (2020) following the halted launch of their Dark Universe series with the release of The Mummy (2017). See also History of horror fiction History of science fiction films A History of Horror References Sources Horror History

69812411

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Rodriguez%20%28serial%20killer%29

Antonio Rodriguez (serial killer)

Antonio Rodriguez (born October 28, 1988), known as The Kensington Strangler, is an American serial killer who was convicted of raping and killing three women from November to December 2010, all of which occurred within a 10-block radius of Philadelphia's Kensington neighborhood. For his crimes, Rodriguez would be sentenced to three life terms, which he is currently serving at State Correctional Institution – Rockview in Benner Township, Pennsylvania. Murders On November 3, 2010, the half-naked body of 21-year-old Elaine Goldberg, a nursing student at the Gwynedd Mercy University who had recently recovered from a drug addiction, was found in a parking lot on Ruth Street. Ten days later, the body of 35-year-old prostitute Nicole Piacenti, of Port Richmond, was found in similar circumstances less than a mile away from where Goldberg's body was located. While police initially claimed that there was no indication that the two murders were connected, test conducted on DNA collected from both crime scenes was later matched to the same unknown perpetrator. Upon announcing this, several other local women came forward and claimed that they had been assaulted by a stranger. On December 15, the half-naked body of a third victim, 27-year-old Casey Mahoney of Asheville, North Carolina, was found in a patch of woods near some railroad tracks of the Kensington area. Like the previous victims, she struggled with a drug addiction from which she trying to recover, was dumped in isolated areas and was sexually assaulted. The similarities in the three murders started rumors that a serial killer was roaming the streets, putting pressure on the police in order to catch the assailant. Investigation and arrest Two days after Mahoney's murder, Philadelphia police released CCTV footage of a man suspected of assaulting a woman in Kensington on December 6, saying that the suspect could be connected to the recent murders in the area. The video showed what appeared to be a black male in his early 20s with long sideburns, who walked with a characteristic gait and supposedly said to his assault victim that his name was "Anthony". An anonymous tip led to the arrest of a homeless vagrant, 22-year-old Antonio Rodriguez, who had been released from the Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility on August 29, 2010, after serving a 3-month term for a felony drug charge. As a felon, he was obligated to submit his DNA into CODIS on October 25, but as the Philadelphia police had a backlog of more than 5,000 cases, they were unable to link him to the murders until January 10. Rodriguez was arrested in the kitchen of an abandoned house on January 17 by a joint team of detectives and marshals. In his subsequent confessions, Rodriguez claimed that he initially met the victims to use their services, but during the acts, he would start to choke and beat them until they eventually died. He also acknowledged that, even though he knew they were already dead, he nonetheless continued to have sex with their corpses. The delay in his arrest caused controversy due to the time DNA processing took place, with estimates suggesting that if it had been processed fast enough, Rodriguez could have been arrested before he could have been able to claim his third victim. The backlash led to calls for some funds to be allocated to the Philadelphia Police Department, who had trouble with properly testing kits connected to violent crimes. Trial, sentence and imprisonment Rodriguez was soon charged with three counts of murder, and was held in prison without bond. Early, prosecutors announced that they would not seek the death penalty, citing the accused's history of mental illness and the fact that he waived his right to a jury trial. At his subsequent trial, Rodriguez's attorney attempted to bar the prosecution from presenting his client's graphic written confessions from being used in court, in addition to questioning the legitimacy of how they were obtaine in the first place. In the end, Rodriguez was found guilty on all counts and handed three consecutive life terms. One of the prosecutors, Assistant District Attorney Carlos Vega, later noted that his actions were simply "evil", citing the fact the sexual abuse Rodriguez inflicted post-mortem and him posing his victims' bodies. After his sentencing, Rodriguez was transferred to serve his sentence at State Correctional Institution – Rockview, where he remains to this day. See also List of serial killers in the United States External links "An all-out hunt for a killer" (Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3) - a three-part article on the investigation and eventual arrest of Rodriguez Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Antonio Rodriguez (2012) Inmate Locator References 1988 births Living people 21st-century American criminals American male criminals Male serial killers American serial killers Necrophiles American people convicted of murder People convicted of murder by Pennsylvania American prisoners and detainees Prisoners and detainees of Pennsylvania American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Pennsylvania Violence against women in the United States History of Philadelphia Criminals from Philadelphia

69812527

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur%20Shumsher%20Jung%20Bahadur%20Rana

Bahadur Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana

Lieutenant-General Sir Bahadur Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana () C.B.E GCSI was a Nepalese diplomat. He was the first Nepalese Ambassador to the United Kingdom. He was born in 1892 to Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana and Padma Kumari. In 1934, Rana was appointed as the first Nepalese Ambassador to the United Kingdom by his father. In 1936, He was succeeded by Krishna Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana. He died in 1977 in Bahadur Bhawan, Kathmandu. His son Nara Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana served as the second police chief of Nepal Police. He was gifted the Charburja Durbar which he later sold to Prince Basundhara of Nepal. Honours Order of the British Empire Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India British War Medal Legion of Honour Order of the Bath Order of the Crown of Italy Order of the Star of Nepal Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu References External links TKV: First Ambassador of Nepal to UK Bahadur Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana on YouTube 1892 births 1977 deaths 19th-century Nepalese nobility 20th-century Nepalese nobility Ambassadors of Nepal to the United Kingdom Children of prime ministers of Nepal Nepalese Hindus Nepalese military personnel Rana dynasty Honorary Members of the Order of the British Empire Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India Recipients of the Legion of Honour Recipients of the Order of the Star of Nepal Members of the Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu

69812806

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bund%20f%C3%BCr%20Menschenrecht

Bund für Menschenrecht

The League for Human Rights (, BfM) was an early twentieth-century association of gay and bisexual individuals campaigning for their rights. It was the first mass organization for homosexuals. Foundation Beginning in Berlin in 1919, "friendship associations" () were formed in several large towns in Germany to work with like-minded organisations to promote civil rights reforms for sexual minorities (i.e. gay and bisexual people) in Germany at that time. This was during a widespread movement to promote the rights of sexual minorities within Germany at this time (see: First homosexual movement). On 30 August 1920, these associations were re-organised under the German Friendship League (, DFV), encompassing the regional associations of Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt and Stuttgart. A Munich organisation later was founded following a police raid on Café Zehner, a popular hangout for gay men in the city. By 1922, the group had 2,500 members. Under the leadership of Friedrich Radszuweit, and amid internal schismatic turmoil, the group was re-organised as the League for Human Rights (, BfM) in 1923. The group had 12,000 members by 1924 and had 48,000 members (including 1,500 women) at its height in 1929. It had number of periodicals and magazines linked to Radszuweit, including Die Insel and the Blätter für Menschenrecht (the latter of which became the official newsletter of the group). The BfM was more politically active than its predecessor. Members of the group demonstrated against the dismissal of gay men from the German armed forces and civil service and campaigned for the repeal of Paragraph 175, which criminalised sex between men, or to lessen the penalties within the law. The group also petitioned the Ministry of Justice for a change in the law, and also petitioned anti-gay politicians to change their stance on gay issues. In 1924, the BfM published Die Freundin ("The Girlfriend"), the first magazine for lesbian and bisexual women in Germany. In 1928, the magazine was blacklisted under the but returned in 1929, before being officially banned in 1933 upon the Nazi seizure of power. Relationship to other groups Although the group shared many goals with Magnus Hirschfeld and his Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (, WhK), the BfM favoured respectability politics. As such, they disagreed with Hirschfeld and the WhK's view of gay men as sexual intermediaries or a third sex, as they did not see most gay men as effeminate. However, they also disagreed with the ancient Greek pederastic form of male love, popular among gay masculinists at the time. The BfM rejected effeminate gay men, male sex workers, and those who sought sex from adolescent boys from their movement. Additionally, the acceptance of a compromise on Paragraph 175 (which included a higher age of consent for sex between men and a crackdown on male sex workers) hindered co-operation between the BfM and the WhK. However, Radszuweit was sympathetic to trans people, and published Das 3. Geschlecht, a magazine which included advice on how to pass as one's gender. See also Die Freundschaft Gemeinschaft der Eigenen Society for Human Rights Notes References Citations Sources 1919 establishments in Germany 19th century in LGBT history 20th century in LGBT history First homosexual movement LGBT political advocacy groups in Germany Organizations established in 1919

69813309

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%20K%20Vij

R K Vij

R K Vij is a 1988 batch (41 RR) retired IPS Officer of the Chhattisgarh Cadre. He has just retired from the post of Director General of Police on December 31, 2021. See also Gyanendra Pratap Singh References External links >Prakash, O. (2014). THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY BY THE MAOISTS IN THE CONFLICT AGAINST THE STATE IN INDIA. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 75, 1277–1284. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44158519 Indian Police Service officers Indian police chiefs 1961 births Living people

69813443

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danville%20race%20riot

Danville race riot

The Danville race riot occurred on July 25, 1903, in Danville, Illinois, when a mob sought to lynch a black man who had been arrested. On their way to county jail, an altercation occurred that led to the death of a rioter and the subsequent lynching of another black man. At least two other black residents were also assaulted. The rioters failed to overtake the police stationed at the jail and the Illinois National Guard restored order the next day. History A black man, James Wilson, had been arrested for the assault of a white woman in Alvin, Illinois, north of Danville. A mob of about 600 formed to storm the county jail in Danville to kill Wilson. En route, they encountered another black man, a native of Evansville, Indiana, who has been variously identified as J. D. Mayfield, John D. Metcalf, or Bud Fruit. In the ensuing altercation, he shot and killed a member of the mob. Mayfield was intercepted by police and was taken to the nearby police station. Officers barricaded the doors, but they were unable to hold back the mob. Mayfield was captured and taken to the spot where the altercation occurred. There, he was lynched by hanging on the nearest telephone pole. After Mayfield died, the mob took down is body and brought it to the Danville public square in front of the county jail. The mob burned Mayfield's body, shot at it, and hacked it into pieces. The mob, which had grown to about 1,000 people, was able to batter the door of the jail down, but the sheriff and the deputies managed to shoot several of the rioters. The mob retreated and reorganized. Two miners in Westfield brought dynamite to destroy the walls of the jail, but they were intercepted by police in Himrod. The mob largely dispersed overnight, but two other unidentified black residents were beaten with clubs and left in the street. Order was restored after the state deployed the 7th regiment of the Illinois National Guard. Danville Mayor John Beard declined to press any charges against the rioters. See also Lynching of David Wyatt References 1903 in Illinois 1903 murders in the United States 1903 riots Danville, Illinois Lynching deaths in Illinois Racially motivated violence against African Americans Riots and civil disorder in Illinois

69815164

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald%20Glenn

Gerald Glenn

Gerald O. Glenn (August 18, 1953 – April 11, 2020) was an American pastor of the New Deliverance Evangelistic Church in Richmond, Virginia and auxiliary bishop of the Church of God in Christ. Early life Glenn was born in Kingsville, Texas. He was raised by his grandparents, as his mother was 16-years-old when she was pregnant. Formerly a "street gangster" in Portsmouth, Virginia, he later became a police officer in the same city. Career In 1995, Glenn founded the New Deliverance Evangelistic Church and was the bishop of his church until his death. He was also a chaplain to the Chesterfield County Police Department and numerous sports teams. In the late 1990s, he succeeded in liasoning between the local groups of the NAACP, the United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans, who issued a joint statement commemorating the Confederate States of America, acknowledging the pain and pride many in the Southern United States feel about that period. However, in 2000, he was a lot more critical about the Confederacy, arguing that African Americans could not honor the Confederacy due to its support for the brutalization and enslavement of those of African ancestry. In 2001, he was a prominent leader in the protest against state governor Jim Gilmore's proposed commemoration of Confederate History Month. In 2006 he was elevated to the rank of bishop of the Church of God in Christ. During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Glenn gave a sermon on March 22, 2020, against proposed social distancing measures. He said that God was bigger than the coronavirus, that he did not fear death, and that he would continue to preach until he was in prison or the hospital. Death On March 27, 2020, he showed symptoms of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19. These symptoms were initially attributed to diverticulitis, a previous illness that Glenn had. He and his wife were both treated in hospital for the viral disease. At a church service for Easter held on April 12, 2020, it was announced that Glenn had died the previous Saturday from COVID-19. References 1953 births 2020 deaths African-American men Church of God in Christ pastors People from Kingsville, Texas Christians from Virginia Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia

69815195

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd%20NAACP%20Image%20Awards

53rd NAACP Image Awards

The 53rd NAACP Image Awards, presented by the NAACP, honored outstanding representations and achievements of people of color in motion pictures, television, music, and literature during the 2021 calendar year. The ceremony aired on February 26, 2022, on BET and simulcast on several of its sister Paramount Global Networks. The ceremony is hosting for the ninth time by actor Anthony Anderson. Presentations of untelevised categories were livestreamed on January 18, 2022, on the ceremony's website. The nominations were announced on January 18, 2022, with the film The Harder They Fall and the comedy series Insecure leading the nominations with twelve each. In the recording categories, H.E.R. received the most nominations with six, followed by Chlöe, Drake, Silk Sonic and Jazmine Sullivan with four each. For the first time in the history of the awards ceremony, it have been included five categories to reward podcasts and social media influencer. American journalist Nikole Hannah-Jones will be honored with the Social Justice Impact Award at the ceremony for her "social efforts in reporting for The New York Times Magazine about the police injustices and crimes against black people in the United States". American actor and producer Samuel L. Jackson will also be honored with the Chairman's Award, for his "social activism in the 1960s, even serving as an usher at Martin Martin Luther King Jr.’s funeral. His continued public service and advocacy for social change". For the first time since 1993 ceremony, members of the Mexican American Legislative Caucus, Texas House Democratic Caucus and Texas Legislative Black Caucus will be honored with the Roy Wilkins Civil Rights Award to "exemplify the spirit of the NAACP". The ceremony will award the President of the Connecticut State Conference of NAACP Branches, Scot X. Esdaile, with the first ever Activist of the Year Award. NAACP Youth-Council founder Chinning Hill will be recognized with the first ever Youth Activist of the Year Award. All nominees are listed below, and the winners are listed in bold. Special Awards Motion Picture Television and Streaming Drama Comedy Television Movie, Limited-Series or Dramatic Special Overall Acting Reality and Variety Other categories Recording Podcast and social media Literary References External links NAACP Image Awards official site NAACP Image Awards NAACP NAACP NAACP NAACP NAACP

69815786

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega%20Filmes%20HD

Mega Filmes HD

Mega Filmes HD was a Brazilian portal that distributed films, documentaries, television series, miniseries, telenovelas, shows, anime, and cartoons without paying royalties or taxes. The site was on the air for five years and came to offer about 160 thousand files of international and national products. Mega Filmes HD was considered one of the biggest pirate sites in Latin America. Operation Blackbeard On the morning of November 18, 2015, the Federal Police Department of Sorocaba (SP) launched Operation Barba Negra, which dismantled suspects who were broadcasting programs even before the official premieres.  A couple was hastily arrested and another five people were taken to Federal Police units to be heard and later released. 14 court orders were executed – issued by the 1st Federal Court of Sorocaba – in the cities of Cerquilho (SP), Campinas (SP), and Ipatinga (MG). The bank accounts of the seven suspected of managing the site were blocked by the Court at the request of the Federal Police. Those investigated were indicted for committing crimes of constituting a criminal organization, with a penalty of three to eight years and a fine, in addition to copyright infringement with a penalty of two to four years and a fine. A police estimate points out that the site received 60 million visits per month in the first half of 2015, of which 85% were from Brazilians and 15% from countries such as Portugal and Japan. On Facebook, the site had over 4.5 million followers. The income came from charging for advertising displayed on the site. Mega Films Couple The couple's lawyer who ran the site said they admitted they had the service and that they did not know the case was so serious. The website owner said he had the same business in Japan, where he lived for about nine years, and brought the service to Brazil. "My client arrived from Japan and there this practice is common. He did not imagine that he would be arrested", said the lawyer. The couple was released a few days later, responding in freedom since November 28, 2015. Repercussion The announcement of the end of Mega Filmes HD took many netizens by surprise. On Twitter, the name of the site remained throughout the day among the most talked about topics on the social network. Some internet users even created a Facebook campaign to change their profile pictures in favor of the site. There was no shortage of people complaining about the site going offline or making memes and jokes about it. A petition has also been created on behalf of Mega Filmes HD administrators through Avaaz.org. References Brazilian websites

69815915

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022%20Peruvian%20mining%20protests

2021–2022 Peruvian mining protests

On July 23, 2021, following Pedro Castillo's electoral victory, mining communities near Las Bambas copper mine blocked the road used to transport the copper. The protesters claimed that local communities saw little benefit from the wealth generated by the mining. The Las Bambas Mine is one of the largest mines in Peru and produces 2% of the world's copper. Additionally, the protests tests Castillo's campaign promise to strike to redistribute mining wealth to local communities. In 2015, the Las Bambas copper mine experienced large-scale protests which led to the deaths of 3 people and 17 injured. Another wave of strikes arrived in 2020, which forced MMG Limited, the Chinese firm which owns the Las Bambas copper mine, to declare force majeure on some contracts. To resolve the renewed waves of protests, a delegation led by then Prime Minister Guido Bellido arrived to Tambobamba on September 17, 2021. The Prime Minister pledged to negotiate a solution between the mining communities and MMG Limited within two months. However, two weeks later the miners grew upset over a perceived lack of progress, and thus resumed their strike. Another truce was reached in September 30. Later, Mining Minister Iván Merino claimed that the unrest at the Las Bambas copper mine was partly caused by the mining company's decision to rely on a dirt road for transportation. Merino claimed that the dirt road fuels tension as it reveals the stark disparity of the wealth extracted from the mine and the living condition of the workers and called for a train line to be built. Merino also noted that tensions were not limited to the Las Bambas copper mine, but that there was tension all over the country. Later, the protesters warned that if an agreement was not reached by October 5, they would resume the blockade of the road. The leader of Chumbivilcas province accused the Castillo Administration of continuing the same system as previous governments, while the mayor of Haquira denounced the ongoing dialogue as a "joke." Chumbivilca's leaders have demanded a better road, compensation for land use, tax transfers, and jobs for locals. Meanwhile, Cotabambas's leaders called for a new meeting to discuss how to better redistribute copper taxes. Protestors have also criticized the trucks that ply the dirt road every day and spread dust, which ruins their crops. Either community could block the road again, the leaders said. MMG Limited stated that they respected the right to protest, but that protests should not affect others, such as free movement on roads, or the violation of rule of law. They also claimed that they offered numerous proposals to the protestors, such as "including local businesses in the value chain, activities for the development and agricultural equipment, productive chains, improvement of pastures, zoosanitary campaigns, international exchange programs for young people, implementation of entrepreneurship in community women's organizations, among others." MMG Limited accused the protestors of breaking off dialogue and warned that they soon might have to paralyze their operations "completely" due to the protests. On October 5, 2021, Peru's government said that it had reached a deal between the protestors and MMG Limited. The company will hire Chumbivilcas residents to provide services to the mine, such as transporting minerals and maintaining key transit roads. Meanwhile, negotiations with Cotabambas are still underway. Incidentally, also on October 5, 200 indigenous protestors took over a pipeline station owned by Petroperú, Peru's state-owned oil company. Also on the same day, protestors from Espinar Province blocked a key highway of Glencore's Antapaccay copper mine. The Espinar protestors stated that they were protesting against both the company and the government, saying that they demanded the resignation of then Prime Minister Guido Bellido. Coincidentally, then PM Bellido resigned the day afterward. On October 8, the Espinar protestors announced that they reached an agreement to begin negotiations with the Antapaccay mine, thus bringing the protests to a halt. On October 18, 2021, the Cotabambas protestors announced a 24-hour "preventive strike." On October 19, the Cotabambas protestors announced an indefinite strike, once again blocking the road which Las Bambas copper mine uses. The protestors called for Castillo to commit to continuing the dialogue and for PM Mirtha Vásquez to arrive in the area. The protests quickly spread across Áncash, Loreto and the south of Ayacucho. On October 27, 2021, Vásquez arrived to Cotabambas. She said she would "reestablish dialogue and peace." On October 28, 2021, the protests ceased once more. The government announced it had reached six agreements, which would see the Las Bambas mine commit to paying mining royalties to local communities starting 2022. While Las Bambas' contract calls for it to pay mining royalties on its profits, the mine hadn't reported any profits, and thus didn't pay mining royalties. However, later that day, violent protests broke out in Áncash and southern Ayacucho against the Antamina mine. Several offices, including the mining headquarters were set on fire after a confrontation with the police. The Council of Ministers announced that it would send representatives to Ayacucho to negotiate with the protestors. The protests were subsequently halted. On November 9, 2021, protestors blocked the Las Bambas mine's transport road once again. Victor Limaypuma, the President of the Cotabambas Defense Front, claimed that that the government and the mining company failed to send senior representatives for scheduled talks. Limaypuma stated that the blockade of the Las Bambas mine would last 48 hours. He also claimed that the Las Bambas mine had brought pollution to the area and little economic development. On November 17, 2021, the state-owned oil company Petroperú announced that it had evacuated one of its oil stations in the Amazon rainforest after the Saramuro indigenous community gave the company a 72-hour ultimatum to leave the facility. Additionally, it was announced that the oil station, which transported oil to the coast, had ceased operations since early October because of the protests. The protestors, who were armed with spears, were backed by the Awajún Río Apaga Native Federation (FENARA) and the Peoples Affected by Oil Activity (PAAP). On November 20, 2021, Prime Minister Mirtha Vásquez stated that 4 mines in the Ayacucho region would not be allowed any extensions in their operational timelines, and that the mines will be closed as soon as possible under environmental grounds. Business and mining interest groups heavily criticized this decision. Additionally, Chumbivilcas residents once again blocked the key road used by the Las Bambas copper mine on the basis that the mining company had not fulfilled its commitments and asked for renewed dialogue with the government and the mining company. On November 22, 2021, the Ayacucho Central Struggle Committee (CLCA) backed PM Vásquez, saying that the "environmental mining conflict that we have been dragging on for more than 10 years. In that sense, we believe that the current government, through the premier, has done nothing abnormal, but listened to and attended to the populations affected by mining pollution." The CLCA accused mining pollution of wiping out biodiversity in the Huanca Huanca basin and the Sangonera River basin, and negatively affecting over 50,000 peasants and agricultural producers. The announcement came after criticism of Vásquez for her decision to close down 4 mines in the Ayacucho region. On November 23, 2021, Chumbivilcas protestors demanded that the Las Bambas copper mine employ local residents for the transportation of mineral concentrate, vans, and maintenance of micro pavement. The protest representative, Víctor Villaack, acknowledged that said demand wasn't part of the October 5 agreement negotiated by the Bellido cabinet, but claimed that the "derisory amounts" offered as payments has bothered local communities. He said that locals are offered $300 per month for van driving and $2,000 per month for the transport of concentrate. Villaack's also brought his lawyer claim that current suppliers receive $3,500,000 per concentrate transport trip and accusing the mining company of trying to discourage local residents from becoming suppliers. On November 25, 2021, communities in Ayacucho region said they would resume protests if the Castillo Administration reneged on their agreement to close the mines. Previously, Prime Minister Mirtha Vásquez said that no extensions would be given to mines that are approaching their closure date, and that they would be closed as soon as possible. However, Vásquez later softened her tone, saying that mines would be able to seek extension to their operation dates, and that there would be no "unilateral" closures. On December 3, 2021, MMG Limited's Las Bambas copper mine announced that it would shut down copper production starting mid-December due to the road blockades. Eduardo González Toro, the Minister of Energy and Mines, said that the government had not been informed about the potential shutdown and that it hoped the company and "would continue working for the benefit of (surrounding) communities." MMG executives urged the government to pave the road in the medium term, and to build a railway in the long term. While Castillo has endorsed the train, it's expected to cost $9.2 billion, and would only begin operations in 2028 at the earliest. Prior to MMG Limited's acquisition of the Las Bambas copper mine, there was a plan to build a mineral pipeline. However, Las Bambas head of corporate affairs said "What local families tell us is that a mineral pipeline would negatively affect the area, because all the businesses associated with (copper) transport would cease to exist." References Mining in Peru Protests in Peru 2021 protests

69815950

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20of%20Charlise%20Mutten

Killing of Charlise Mutten

Charlise Mutten, a nine-year-old Australian girl, allegedly disappeared from the Wildenstein Estate wedding venue at Mount Wilson in the Blue Mountains area of New South Wales, Australia on 13 January 2022. Mutten, who lived with her grandmother in Coolangatta, Queensland was visiting her mother, Kallista Mutten, and her mother's fiance, Justin Stein, at the property, which is owned by Stein's family. The child's body was discovered on 18 January, about 65 km from Mount Wilson. Stein has been charged with her murder. Family background Charlise Mutten had lived with her maternal grandmother at Coolangatta since she was five years old. Her parents had split up soon after she was born and she did not have ongoing contact with her father. Her mother Kallista had been jailed for three years after being convicted of dangerous driving occasioning death and driving with an illicit substance in her system. Her mother's fiancé, Justin Stein, was released on parole in November 2020 from a six-and-a-half year sentence for drug possession in 2016. His family owns the Wildenstein Estate. The couple corresponded for the last two years of Kallista's prison sentence, and were engaged soon after her release. They had been engaged for 13 months at the time of Charlise's disappearance. Disappearance Mutten was allegedly last seen on the afternoon of 13 January, however, her disappearance was not reported to police until the next day. A wide search by emergency services over five days failed to find her. Neighbours told police they saw a car leaving the resort without headlights at about 4.30 am on 14 January. Body discovered and murder charge On 18 January, police discovered the child's body in a barrel near the Colo River, about one hour from Mount Wilson. Stein was arrested at his home in Surry Hills and charged with murder. On 13 January he had tried unsuccessfully to launch a boat at several locations after buying five 20 kg bags of sand. His vehicle was subsequently tracked to Colo River using GPS and CCTV records. The vehicle, a red Holden Colorado ute towing a boat, was sighted at Marsden Park, Drummoyne, Windsor and Colo River. A large object in the tray of the ute was no longer present after the ute left Colo River. Police allege that Mutten was killed on either 11 or 12 January when she was left alone with Stein while her mother stayed overnight at a caravan park, also owned by Stein's family. Police confirmed that Charlise died from a gunshot wound from a small-calibre firearm. Stein is being held on remand at Silverwater prison. His next court appearance is due on 18 March 2022. Media identification The Mutten case has highlighted a New South Wales law which is harsher than every other state. From the time that the accused is charged with a crime involving a child, the child’s name, and any information identifying them, can no longer be reported. This is despite the child's name being widely circulated during the earlier search for her. In Mutten's case, a senior family member had to give the media permission to identify her. See also List of solved missing person cases References 2020s missing person cases Crime in Australia Deaths by firearm Formerly missing people Incidents of violence against girls January 2022 crimes Missing person cases in Australia

69816047

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatting%20in%20Hamburg

Squatting in Hamburg

The modern political squatting movement began in Hamburg, Germany, when Neue Große Bergstraße 226 was occupied in 1970. Squatters wanted to provide housing for themselves amongst other demands such as preventing buildings being demolished and finding space for cultural activities. The Hafenstraße buildings were first occupied in 1981 and were finally legalized after a long political struggle in 1995. The still extant Rote Flora self-managed social centre was occupied in 1989. Squatting actions continue into the present; most recent attempts are quickly evicted, although the Gängeviertel buildings were squatted and legalized in the 2010s. 1970s On 6 October 1970, thirty hippies squatted a derelict hotel on Neue Große Bergstraße 226 in Hamburg. They were immediately evicted by police and then the owner decided to rent out rooms to them for 60 Deutsche Marks each until the building was demolished. The hippies were again evicted by the police one month later on the grounds that petty crime in the area had increased and then occupied a house at Funkstrasse 18 in Altona. Students squatted two houses in the Karolinenviertel in December and were evicted a day later. The Siechenhauses in St. Georg was occupied for four days and then evicted. The University of Hamburg owned buildings at Schlump in the borough of Eimsbüttel. It demolished some but was prevented from knocking down the Schröderstift building by a student occupation in 1971. A tenants group was formed and made a deal with the city council, which also wanted to preserve the monumental building. In 1973, Der Spiegel reported that around 60 squatters had barricaded themselves inside Ekhofstrasse 39, in the Hohenfelde district. Participants had come from Berlin, Bremen and Frankfurt; the police and the owner decided not to react, hoping that the protest would dwindle. The squatters were students, workers and members of the Proletarian Front (Proletarischen Front) who wanted to provide themselves with housing. Karl-Heinz Dellwo took part in the Ekhof occupation and later joined the Red Army Faction. The occupation of Haynstraße 1-3 in 1975 was carried out by existing tenants and therefore was not strictly squatting, but the building was linked to the squatters movement and has resisted speculators for over forty years. 1980s During the 1980s, a squatters movement existed in Hamburg and had links to Berlin and also Amsterdam. In order to prevent its growth, the state minister Alfons Pawelczyk decided that no squat in Hamburg would be permitted to last longer than 24 hours and thus many attempts at occupation were quickly evicted. In 1983, the Hamburger Abendblatt recorded that 57 squatters had been arrested and were on trial for occupying a former police station at Billstedt in Hamburg-Mitte, the previous year. The squatters were fined. Amongst the arrestees was a Grün-Alternative Liste Hamburg (GAL) politician. Schanzenstraße 41a was occupied in 1987, the first of many squats in the then run-down area of Sternschanze. The squat was legalized and a housing co-operative was set up to run the 50 apartments. In 2007, the police attempted to storm the co-operative during the Asia–Europe Meeting after riots in the local district. Whilst doing so, 170 police officers tear gassed themselves by accident. In 1989, Kleiner Schäferkamp 46a was squatted and evicted the same day. The building was later reoccupied and became legalized as a housing project, with an infoshop on the ground floor called Schwarzmarkt. In 2019, the project complained that the police had illegally set up a hidden camera to monitor the house from across the street. Hafenstraße The Hafenstraße occupation began in 1981, when twelve buildings were squatted. They were to become extremely important symbols for the German squatters movement and for urban activists more generally. The squatters then signed a three year temporary use contract and argued they should be permitted to restore the buildings themselves. This led to conflict with the city council which repeatedly attempted to evict them. In the 1980s, Hafenstraße became a centre for autonomist and anti-imperialist politics. In November 1987, a contract was signed at the last minute and the barricades were dismantled. Dohnanyi later received the Theodor Heuss medal for avoiding conflict. He had previously described Hafenstraße as a "wound in the city" ("eine Wunde in der Stadt"). In February 1995, the Hamburg Senate finally decided to sell the remaining houses to the inhabitants for around 2 million Deutsche Marks. The co-operative Alternativen am Elbufer (Alternatives beside the Elbe) took on the ownership. In 1998, The Independent newspaper referred to Hafenstraße as "the most famous squat in the world". Rote Flora The Rote Flora was squatted on 1 November 1989 and has remained squatted ever since. At the beginning the occupiers were very much focused on local struggles and as time went by, the Rote Flora has developed into a self-managed social centre connected to left-wing, anarchist activism, with links to similar projects in Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen. The building provides a music venue, an infoshop, a social movement archive, a bar, a cafe, rehearsal rooms and a bicycle repair workshop. Following riots in the Schanzeviertel during the 2017 G20 Hamburg summit, rightwing commentators demanded that the Rote Flora was closed down. The Rote Flora distanced itself from the rioters, with a spokesperson saying that "that a form of militancy was brought onto the streets which was intoxicated with itself, and we find that both politically and in terms of content wrong" ("dass hier eine Form von Militanz auf die Straße getragen wurde, die sich selbst berauscht hat und das finden wir politisch und inhaltlich falsch"). 2000s Gängeviertel In 2003, a Dutch investor bought some dilapidated buildings in the city centre, planning to redevelop them. Six years later, a group of 200 squatters (mainly artists) occupied twelve buildings in the Gängeviertel and argued that the city should develop the buildings itself and preserve the area's character. The city bought back the area in 2010 and the following year acceded to the squatters' demands. The parties resolved to share the costs of restoration, which were estimated to be 20 million euros. Recent After events in the European migrant crisis such as the 2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck, squats and social centres have mobilised to support migrants in Hamburg. People from the Lampedusa in Hamburg group cook at the Hafenstraße Volxküche. New occupations tend to be quickly evicted. Squatters at the former Erotic Art Museum on Bernhard-Nocht-Straße were evicted on the same night the place was occupied in 2010. As part of the Squatting Days festival in 2014, a house on Breiten Straße was briefly squatted. See also 2013–2014 Hamburg demonstrations References Further reading Katsiaficas, G. (1999) The Subversion of Politics: European Autonomous Social Movements and the Decolonization of Everyday Life Humanity Books Also available online Squatting in Germany History of Hamburg Anarchism in Germany

69816180

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Shanks

Fred Shanks

Fred D. Shanks (born December 26, 1977) is an American politician serving as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 60th district. He assumed office on March 19, 2018. Early life and education Shanks was born in Flowood, Mississippi and graduated from University Christian School (now Hartfield Academy). He also attended Hinds Community College and Mississippi State University. Career Shanks previously worked at Brandon Discount Drugs. He later served as a reserve police officer for Brandon, Mississippi and as a member of the Brandon Board of Aldermen. He was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives in March 2018. He serves as chair of the House Constitution Committee. References Living people 1977 births People from Flowood, Mississippi Mississippi Republicans Members of the Mississippi House of Representatives People from Brandon, Mississippi

69816522

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimal%20Dasgupta

Bimal Dasgupta

Bimal Dasgupta (29 April 1910 – 3 April 2000), nicknamed "Makhan", was an Indian revolutionary and member of the Bengal Volunteers who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence. He is a close associate of revolutionary Dinesh Gupta. Family Bimal Dasgupta was born in Jhalokati District, Barishal in 1910. His father was Akhyay Kumar Dasgupta, an aurvedic doctor his mothers name was Sushila Devi. His father came to Midnapore permanently when he was only 4 years old. They were four brothers and five sisters. He joined the Bengal Volunteers, a revolutionary organisation of British India. Education He started his education at Mahendra babur Pathsala, Mir Bazar. Then he admitted at the Vidyasagar Vidyapith as a class 5 student and Hindu school from class 7 to 10. Hindu school was a private school at that time. At that time he was came to the influence of Dinesh Gupta, who was a student of Midnapore College at that time. Dinesh Gupta came to Midnapore after the instruction of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and stayed with his brother Jyotish Gupta who was a lawer in Midnapore judges court. This way Dasgupta joined Bengal Volunteers, a revolutionary organisation of British India. His paternal uncle was Hiralal Dasgupta, headmaster of Midnapore Collegiate School. He forced his uncle to patronize a handicraft fair at Colligete school premises and continued it till 7 April. Revolutionary activities Dinesh Gupta himself fought in the Battle of the Writers Buildings Verandah but somehow survived. After discussion it was decided by the Bengal Volunteers group that the first target would be James Peddy, Peddy had already earned notoriety on his own. He would beat the salt satyagrahis to unconsciousness and even killed some of them by kicking them badky. Further, he would take the unarmed women to the open streets, strip them and leave them there. A list of four names was sent to Calcutta Headquarters of Bengal volunteers for approval. They were Shashanka Dasgupta, Phani Kundu, Jyoti Jiban Ghosh and Bimal Dasgupta. On 7 April at around 5:00 p.m peddi came to the fair with two officers 16 trained police dogs, 16 body guards for prize distribution. He was busy in the exhibition when Jyoti Jiban Ghosh and Bimal Dasgupta suddenly shot at him. After the shotout they snaiched a cycle and fled to the Salbani Jungle, there they broaded from two different Railway station i.e. Godapiasal railway station, Salboni railway station and reached Purulia by Gomo Passenger. After that they spend some days in Asansol and Kolkata. His uncle refused to give any information about the killer of Pedi and lost his job. He works in Jharia coalfieldfor some time in this period. Some days later Bimal Dasgupta was again given the responsibility of killing of Mr. Villiers chief editor of the newspaper The Statesman of Clive Street. On July 29, 1931, he shot Villiers in his office. Get caught before he take the cyanide out of his pocket. Police eventually found him as a defendant in the Pedi Murder case as the revolutionary Kanailal Bhattacharjee killed Garlic and was martyred under the name of Bimal Dasgupta (or Bimal Gupta) so that the police would stop searching for the real Bimal Dasgupta. The sacrifice of Shaheed Kanailal Bhattacharya to remain anonymous and save another revolutionary from the hands of the police is rare in history. At the initiative of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, three barristers stood for the revolutionaries in the special tribunal. Jyotijivan Ghosh was acquitted and during cross-examination, key witness Sushil Das said, "Paddy's killer is not Bimal Dasgupta." To save Bimal Dasgupta, Raja Narendra Lal Khan of Medinipur instructed Sushil Das to say so. Although Bimal Dasgupta was acquitted of the murderof Paddy, he was sentenced to ten years in prison in the Villiers murder case. Prison Life In the middle of 1932, he was sent to the Andaman Cellular Jail. In 1936 he went on a hunger strike to demand the status of a political prisoner. The fast was called off with the mediation of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and Muzaffar Ahmed. He was repatriated in 1938 but was not released. Bimal Dasgupta spent four years in various prisons in main land of Bengal. Last life After being freed in 1942 he was looking after the land in his home in Medinipur. He worked as a sales inspector of Anandabazar newspaper after independence. Death He died on March 3, 2000. References 1910 births 2000 deaths Bengali people Revolutionary movement for Indian independence Indian nationalism Indian people convicted of murder Indian revolutionaries People from Paschim Medinipur district

69817147

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecatomnus%27%20Tomb

Hecatomnus' Tomb

The tomb of Hecatomnus or Hekatomnos (Greek: Ἑκατόμνος, Carian: 𐊴𐊭𐊪𐊵𐊫 k̂tmno “under-son, descendant(?). ”) is in the Hisarbaşı District of Milas, one of the most important cities of the Caria region, located in the southwest of Anatolia. The Tomb was added to the World Heritage Tentative List by UNESCO in 2012. Biography of Hecatomnus Hecatomnus was the local ruler of the Ancient City of Mylasa, which is called Milas in modern days, in region of Caria. Persian King Artaxerxes raised Hecatomnus around 392 BC for becoming the Satrap (provincial governor) over part of the Persian empire. Together with Autophradates, who is the Satrap of Lydia, he was then to go against the rebel leader Euagoras, who would like to spread his control in all Island of Cyprus, but they lost the naval battle. Hekatomnos became by Artaxerxes( king of Persian) the rule over Miletos, which is the one of the largest settlement characterised by Greek culture, in Asia Minor. He was very impressed by Greek culture and he send his youngest son to Athens. But he always kept the Carian culture in his region, furthermore he used on coins images of the Carian chief Zeus Labraundos, whose sanctuary was in Labraunda in region of Caria. Mousolus, who was the eldest son of Hecatomnus, became the new satrap of Caria, after Hecatomnus died. Features of the Tomb Hecatomnus' Tomb consists of temenos Wall, honor Column, Podium and Tomb. The Tomb is unique because it has the same concept as the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, which is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world but earlier period than it. Hecatomnus' Tomb is the one of the most important monument of antique culture and representative the cult of the dead. It stands at a high level of architectural design, sculpture, and mural painting of the Tomb have a special place in art. Especially the "Friese of Hecatomnus' Tomb" with its size, quality is the only example in classic and hellenistic Anatolia. Looting of the Tomb In 2010, Turkish authorities had witnessed a police operation in which several treasure hunters were arrested while trying to steal the historical treasures from the tomb. After the arrests, it turned out that the illegal treasure hunters used high-tech drilling machines to drill a hole at least 40-50 cm thick into the marble wall of the tomb. They also used 245 tons of water during the process to cool the machine and let the waste water fill the monumental burial chamber. After the robbery, an important study was launched to stop this destruction. Italian, Turkish and Japanese scientists continue to work on the restoration, climate control and documentation of the funerary monument. These works are crucial for the preservation of the remaining cultural assets and for the identification of the kidnapped artifacts. Intelligence units have discovered that the crown of Hekatomnos is in Scotland. In 2018, a golden crown stolen from the tomb was identified and agreed to be returned to Turkey References Carian people Achaemenid Anatolia Hecatomnid dynasty Satraps of the Achaemenid Empire

69817238

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20Hong%20Kong%20cabinet%20reshuffle

2020 Hong Kong cabinet reshuffle

Hong Kong Executive Council was reshuffled from 21 to 22 April 2020. The reshuffle is the largest since the handover of Hong Kong in 1997, and the first after unprecedented large-scale anti-government protest erupted. Background Since Carrie Lam assumed office as Chief Executive of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on 1 July 2017, her approval rating has been dropping and broke the record low. The extradition bill announced in March 2019 prompted massive anger in the city, and triggered the largest protest in the city, demanding to withdraw the bill. Local reports said the pro-government leftists suggested the sacking of officials, including Teresa Cheng, the Secretary for Justice, to calm the protestors. Financial Times, cited sources, claimed Carrie Lam offered to resign for various times but were rejected by the Chinese Government. In a secret recording obtained by Reuters, Carrie Lam said she would quit if she could. All these reports were denied by Lam. Before the significant reshuffle, Carrie Lam's administration saw three departures, including retirement of Director of Audit David Sun and Commissioner of Police Stephen Lo, while Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen resigned for personal reasons in 2018. Following the outbreak of protests, Carrie Lam was rumoured to consider reshuffling the government, which she did not rule out. Law Chi-kwong, Secretary for Labour and Welfare, said he once mulled resignation. But without any sacking or removal of officials, the accountability system is criticised to have vanished, which Lam called on the society for "giving them opportunities" as a response. On 21 April 2020, several local media outlets, citing unnamed sources, reported the cabinet would soon be shuffled. Erick Tsang, Director of Immigration, was first named to reportedly succeed Patrick Nip as the new Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs. Sources initially suggested Nip could be sacked to "bear political responsibility", but reports later said he would remain in cabinet. Other ministerial changes were reported by the press later that day. The reshuffle was officially announced by the Hong Kong Government on the next day after the State Council of China confirmed the new appointments. New cabinet ministers and Carrie Lam met the press in the afternoon. Cabinet-level changes Non-principal officials are italicised. Other changes Deputy Director of Electrical and Mechanical Services Pang Yiu-hung was promoted to Director following the predecessor's promotion to cabinet on 4 November 2020, along with two more senior appointments announced on the same day. The Financial Services Development Council announced Au King-lun, CEO of Value Partners Group Limited, succeeded Christopher Hui as the new executive director on 4 August 2020. Reasons for reshuffle Constitutional Secretary Electoral Affairs Commission, under the administration of Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, was criticised by the pro-Beijing camp after the commission decided not to postpone the 2018 Legislative Council by-election despite time-clashing with the "Two Sessions", the annual plenary sessions of Chinese Parliament and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference which many Beijing loyalists were expected to attend. They were said to be furious with Patrick Nip. After the 2019 local elections, which the democrats won in landslide due to the protest movement, pro-Beijing camp was angered by Patrick Nip for his inaction against the "unfair" situations during the voting claimed by the camp. Nip was rumoured to be snitched since then. In April 2020, Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office and Hong Kong Liaison Office of the Chinese Government condemned the filibuster tactics by the pro-democracy camp to delay the passing of controversial National Anthem Bill. The threats against the MPs were deemed overseeing local legislative affairs, and were questioned for violating Article 22 of the Basic Law, which stipulated "[no] department of the Central People's Government [...] may interfere in the affairs which the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region administers on its own in accordance with this Law." Nip, in 2018, had also confirmed the Liaison Office will abide by the law. Following the controversy, the spokesman of the Government initially said in a statement that the Liaison Office is established in accordance with the Article 22, but the statement was amended for twice and eventually said the Office was not established under Article 22. The constitutional saga emerged was said to have given a "damaging reputation", and Nip, who apologised for the chaos, had to take the blame for making the "grave mistake". Despite all these scandals, Nip was not sacked in the reshuffle, likely because being favoured by Carrie Lam, but was still practically demoted to the less-important Civil Service Secretary. Carrie Lam insisted the reshuffle was not related to the Article 22 chaos. Civil Service Secretary Tens of thousand civil servants turned out in the historic first anti-government rally on 2 August 2019, which was rejected by the Government, saying "civil servants shall serve the Chief Executive and the Government of the day with total loyalty". Reports claimed the Chinese Government questioned the stance of Joshua Law, the Secretary for the Civil Service, and believed he is no longer suitable to stay, after he failed to express strong opposition and stop the rally, even Michael Ngan, organiser of the protest, was promoted. Home Secretary The dramatic lost by the pro-Beijing candidates in the local election was said to be one of the reasons Lau Kong-wah, the Secretary for Home Affairs, was removed, as his commanding bureau controlled local resources critical for election campaigning. Reactions and aftermath Carrie Lam thanked the contribution by the departing officials, describing the reshuffle as "to look forward", adding that the main concerns were to lead Hong Kong out from the struggling economy, instead of exerting more control on the civil service or the Hong Kong–China relations. Lam expressed her admiration to the new ministers for joining the cabinet in a very uneasy period. The leaving ministers released statements on the same day. Joshua Law thanked the civil servants for safeguarding the core values of the service, without any mentions on the Chief Executive. Lau Kong-wah said it is the appropriate time to say goodbye after five years in office, and was confident that his successor, also a party member of the DAB, will be competent for the post. Nicholas Yeung said he respected the decision by the Chief Executive and is willing to leave his post, having no regret for joining the cabinet. James Lau described his departure at the age of 70 is a memorable milestone. According to the opinion poll conducted by Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute in April, the four secretaries with the lowest approval rating were Justice Secretary Teresa Cheng, Security Secretary John Lee, Education Secretary Kevin Yeung, and Chief Secretary Matthew Cheung. None of those were sacked, implying the reshuffle was unrelated to the popularity of the government, which is expected not to bounce following the reshuffle. The first opinion poll after the reshuffle also showed the new secretaries were having negative net approval rate. Analysts said the best opportunity for changing the ministers had already passed, and the whole cabinet was shadowed by the negative impression towards the political system. New Home Secretary Caspar Tsui is the first promoted from political assistant to secretary after the new administrative system was implemented. DAB remained the largest ruling party in the Executive Council after two entered cabinet and one sacked. Some media labelled the reshuffle as "de-Leungisation", as most of those sacked first assumed office in the cabinet of former Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying. Patrick Nip became the first non-civil servant leading the service, which some argued breaching the accountability system. Despite Nip stressed the new appointment is in line with the intent of the system, critics worried of the hidden political agenda. Erick Tsang was also the first retired member of the force to head the Constitutional Bureau, instead of appointing administrative officer as in usual practice. Tsang even showed the portrait of Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, in his office, and was therefore treated as the "follower" of Xi, and one of the potential candidates to become new Chief Secretary. Bloomberg reported the two bureaux are at the center of Beijing's demands for greater political loyalty. Wu Chi-wai, chairman of Democratic Party, said the new officials are with disciplinary force background, gradually replacing those from the civil service. Wu predicted the authorities would suppress dissidents harsher, and the National Security Law could be implemented at anytime. A month after the reshuffle, Chinese Government announced the Hong Kong National Security Law would be enacted. Meanwhile, Nip announced new requirements for civil servants to pledge allegiance to the Basic Law, and Tsang warned pro-democracy camp for breaching the National Security Law. The Government was reshuffled in 2021 again, with John Lee, a former police, succeeded Matthew Cheung as the new Chief Secretary. References 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 2020 in Hong Kong Cabinet reshuffles

69818249

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Hong%20Kong%20cabinet%20reshuffle

2021 Hong Kong cabinet reshuffle

Hong Kong Executive Council was reshuffled from 24 to 25 June 2021, the second in the Chief Executive term of Carrie Lam, and the first after National Security Law was imposed. John Lee, the Secretary for Security and a former police, was promoted to Chief Secretary. Background Following the anti-government protests started in 2019, Chief Executive Carrie Lam reshuffled her cabinet in the first time in 2020 but the popularity of the government remained low. National Security Law was imposed some months after the reshuffle, which effectively silenced dissidents in the city. The suppression against pro-democracy camp, mainly led by hawks in the cabinet, grew in 2021, including the arrest and trial of leading activists, along with the forced closure of Apple Daily. In the morning on 24 June 2021, local online media HK01 claimed the Chief Secretary for Administration Matthew Cheung could soon be replaced. Later that day, multiple local media outlets, cited sources, reported the cabinet will be reshuffled after a cabinet meeting in the morning. Secretary for Security John Lee will be promoted to Chief Secretary and Commissioner of Police Chris Tang will take on the post of Security. Then Chief Secretary Matthew Cheung, aged 70, will therefore retire. Hong Kong Government announced the reshuffle on 25 June after Chinese State Council approved the new appointments and removal. Cabinet-level changes Non-principal officials are italicised. Reactions Matthew Cheung, after more than four years as Chief Secretary, said in a statement that it has been true honour and privilege to serve Hong Kong for nearly 50 years. He wished that Hong Kong would maintain its long-term stability and prosperity, and all citizens of Hong Kong good health and happiness. John Lee, a former police, was promoted from Security Secretary to Chief Secretary, becoming the first after handover of Hong Kong in 1997 and the second in the history of Hong Kong, that a former security personnel became the second-in-command (William Caine, first head of Police Force was appointed as Colonial Secretary, equivalent to now Chief Secretary, in 1846), as nearly all of his predecessors were administrative officials. The appointment was relatively surprising as rumours believed Carrie Lam-favoured Patrick Nip, then Civil Service Secretary and former Constitutional Secretary, would be raised to succeed Cheung. The two new cabinet ministers were the leading figures in cracking down the protests, and had been sanctioned by the United States in August 2020 for undermining Hong Kong's autonomy. The new cabinet signaled the dominance of the "hawks" and that the government will continue the hardline attitude. Some concerned the reshuffle could transform Hong Kong into a "police state". On 27 June 2021, Lee became the acting Chief Executive after Carrie Lam departed Hong Kong to attend celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party in Beijing, only four days after Lee's promotion. John Lee would later become the chairman of Candidate Eligibility Review Committee, responsible for vetting election candidates. References Hong Kong national security law 2021 in Hong Kong Cabinet reshuffles

69819643

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market%20Arcade%2C%20Newport

Market Arcade, Newport

Market Arcade () is a city centre Victorian shopping arcade in Newport, Wales. It also serves as a pedestrian route between High Street and Newport Market. It is the second oldest Victorian arcade still in operation in Wales, the oldest in Newport, and one of the oldest in the UK. History The Arcade opened in 1869 when it opened as Fennell's Arcade. It became known as Flowers Arcade in the early 20th century, reflecting the businesses that were present. In the 2000s, prior to renovation, the arcade was unlit, in structural decline, and it was the site of regular anti-social behaviour and damage. In November 2020 a public space protection order was put in place to enable police to restrict access at certain times, and issue fines of up to £1,000. Renovation Newport City Council obtained National Lottery Heritage funding in 2018 for a £1.1 million renovation of the Arcade. The project was awarded to contractors Anthony A Davies and heritage architects Davies Sutton. The renovation was affected by the COVID-19 outbreak which pushed back work by contractors Anthony A. Davies until June 2020. It began a phased reopening throughout 2021, first with weekday openings and European Heritage Days tours taking place for local schools and community groups. Exterior scaffolding was removed in December 2021 and a completion date was set for January 2022. Occupants The Arcade consists of a number of freeholds with separate owners. A number of buildings are leased to occupiers. It is currently set to open as a mix of offices, co-working spaces, and traditional retail units. Current occupants include: Ffoto Newport (photo gallery) Jamaire Gifts (retailer) Kriminal Records (music store) Reseiclo Wood Recycling Store Gallery References See also Newport city centre Newport Market Newport, Wales Culture in Newport, Wales Food markets in the United Kingdom Shopping in Newport, Wales Grade II listed buildings in Newport, Wales Retail markets in Wales Commercial buildings completed in 1889 Tourist attractions in Newport, Wales Landmarks in Newport, Wales History of Newport, Wales 1860s establishments in Wales

69820022

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene%20Barrientos%20%28boxer%29

Rene Barrientos (boxer)

Ireneo "Rene" Barrientos (born July 25, 1943) is a Filipino former professional boxer. He competed from 1962 to 1978 and held the WBC super-featherweight title in 1969. Early life Ireneo "Rene" Barrientos was born on July 25, 1943, in Balete, Aklan, the fourth of 10 children whose father was a policeman. Their father died when Barrientos was 12 years old. At a tender age of 15, he joined his brothers working in the farm in Cotabato. Like most boxers, Barrientos dropped out of school at age 17 due to poverty and worked as a mechanic's helper in a logging firm. He was promoted to the position of foreman when the company transferred its concession to Samar. Professional career Upon his return to Cotabato, Barrientos saw upon Gabriel “Flash” Elorde’s world title fight against Harold Gomes at a movie house and was fascinated by the sport of prizefighting especially that Elorde became world champion that time. He turned pro on October 2, 1962, knocking out Charlie Kid in the second round. He transferred to Cagayan de Oro and on February 27, 1965, he faced his idol Flash Elorde in a 12-round match for the Orient Pacific Boxing Federation lightweight title at the Cebu Coliseum. Elorde was already the world super featherweight champion that time but his world title belt was not at stake. Barrientos fought Elorde with a tough fight for 12 rounds, but he lost a unanimous decision. But after the match Elorde commented that Barrientos will become a future champion. Barrientos went on to win over Carl Peñalosa, the father of world champions Gerry and Dodie Boy Peñalosa, twice. In the first encounter, Barrientos won by 4th-round TKO. During the rematch, he won by unanimous decision. Both fights were held at the Cebu Coliseum. After 11 straight victories following the match with Elorde, he lost a decision then draw the rematch in succession with future junior welterweight champion Pedro Adigue Jr. on January 21 then on February 17 of 1967. On April 29, 1967, he won the Philippine super featherweight title via points decision over Raymond Rivera in a fight held in Davao City. He battled WBC/WBA super featherweight/junior lightweight champion Hiroshi Kobayashi on March 30, 1968, in Tokyo, Japan. The fight ended in a controversial majority draw with the judge and referee from Japan scoring it a draw, while the Filipino judge saw it in favor of Barrientos. The WBC ordered an immediate rematch, which Kobayashi refused, prompting the WBC to strip the Japanese of his title and ordered the number one contender Barrientos to face the number two contender Ruben Navarro of Los Angeles, California. Barrientos defeated Navarro by unanimous decision at the Araneta Coliseum on February 15, 1969. It was reported that Barrientos vomited an hour before the fight time, but pummeled his opponent badly to win convincingly. Barrientos’ reign as world champion lasted only more than a year as he lost a controversial split-decision to Japan's Yoshiaki Numata in Tokyo, Japan on January 3, 1971. He retired after his majority decision win over Javier Ayala in Hawaii on July 25, 1972, after injuring his left hand. But he returned to the ring in 1978 for two more victories in fights against Filipino Joe Faune by 2nd-round KO and Thai Jong Satherigym by decision. At present, Barrientos trains boxers in Cagayan de Oro City under the patronage of Mayor Oscar Moreno. Professional boxing record (incomplete) See also List of world super-featherweight boxing champions List of Filipino Boxing World Champions References Living people 1943 births Filipino male boxers Super-featherweight boxers Lightweight boxers

69820119

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20investigations%20of%20The%20Trump%20Organization

New York investigations of The Trump Organization

Two related investigations by New York State and City officials are currently being carried out to determine whether The Trump Organization has committed financial fraud. One of these is a criminal case being conducted by the Manhattan district attorney (DA) and the other is a civil case being conducted by the New York Attorney General (AG). By mid-2021, the New York AG had joined the Manhattan DA's criminal probe, with the latter convening a grand jury. Prosecutors filed 10 charges against the organization, alleging that it had conducted a "15 year 'scheme to defraud' the government", and 15 felony counts against longtime chief financial officer Allen Weisselberg. A second grand jury was convened in October 2021. In February 2022, the organization and Weisselberg filed motions asking that the criminal case be dismissed, alleging that it was based on political bias. A trial is tentatively scheduled for August or September. In November 2021, The Washington Post reported that between 2011 and 2015, the organization presented several properties as being worth far more to potential lenders than to tax officials; in 2012, it cited the 40 Wall Street building as being worth over $500 million more to the former than to the latter. As of January 2022, the organization remains under investigation in both criminal and civil capacities. In response to New York AG Letitia James's subpoenas of Donald Trump and his two oldest children in the civil matter, Trump's legal team sued the AG, filed a motion seeking a stay of proceedings against her, and asked for the subpoenas to be "quashed", alleging political bias. On February 17, 2022, a New York judge ruled in favor of James's subpoenas and set deadlines of 2–3 weeks, but an appeal is expected to delay the depositions for months. Background The financial statements of the Trump Organization's holdings are private, as are Donald Trump's personal tax returns, and there exist a wide range of estimates of the organization's true value. Donald Trump has been accused on several occasions of deliberately inflating the valuation of Trump Organization properties through the aggressive lobbying of the media, in particular the authors of the annual Forbes 400 list, in order to bolster his perceived net worth among the public over several decades. He has released little definitive financial documentation to the public confirm his valuation claims. It is difficult to determine a net value for the Trump Organization's real-estate holdings independently since each individual property may be encumbered by debt. In October 2015, Forbes published an article detailing its decades-long struggle to estimate the true net worth of Trump and the Trump Organization. In 2018, a former Forbes journalist who had worked on the Forbes list claimed in an op-ed to The Washington Post that Trump had lied about his wealth to Forbes to get on the list repeatedly and suggested that Forbess previous low-end estimates of Trump's net worth were still well above his true net worth. In November 2021, The Washington Post reported that between 2011 and 2015, the Trump Organization presented several properties as being worth millions of dollars—in one case over $500 million—more to potential lenders than to tax officials. This was being scrutinized by New York prosecutors in their investigation of the organization's possible fraud and tax evasion. The next month, The New York Times reported that prosecutors were examining whether the organization provided its outside accountants, Mazars, with cherry-picked information with which to prepare favorable financial statements to present to prospective lenders. History In August 2018, Manhattan District Attorney (DA) Cyrus Vance Jr. was reported to be considering a criminal investigation of the organization and two of its senior executives for their reimbursement of then-Trump personal attorney Michael Cohen for his hush money payment to Stormy Daniels; the organization recorded the reimbursement as a legal expense although Cohen did no legal work in the matter. In August 2019, Vance subpoenaed Mazars for Trump's tax returns. In July 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Trump's tax records could be released to prosecutors, producing millions of pages of documents, reportedly including Trump's tax returns from January 2011 to August 2019. In October 2018, The New York Times published a lengthy exposé concerning Donald Trump's inheritance from his parents, Fred and Mary Anne MacLeod Trump. It includes detailed analyses of Trump family financial records. The article describes an alleged tax fraud scheme conducted by Trump and his siblings related to their joint inheritance of their parents's real estate holdings, effectively evading over $500 million in gift and estate taxes. The alleged schemes involved siphoning money from the companies to the children throughout their lives and understating the value of transferred properties. The New York State Department of Taxation and Finance announced on the day of the exposé's publication that it would review the allegations. In mid-2021, Mary L. Trump (a primary source for the exposé) elaborated on how the organization used a shell corporation to siphon money, devaluing Fred Trump's "core business" to $30 million at the time of his death. Michael Cohen testified to Congress in February 2019 that Trump "inflated [the organization's] total assets when it served his purposes, such as trying to be listed amongst the wealthiest people in Forbes, and deflated his assets to reduce his real estate taxes." Following Cohen's testimony, in March, the New York State Department of Financial Services issued a subpoena to Aon, the organization's longtime insurance broker, and the office of New York Attorney General (AG) Letitia James began investigating the organization. By September of that year, the organization was under federal investigation by the Southern District of New York regarding inflated insurance claims allegations. By December 2019, James's office had subpoenaed the organization for some records which it subsequently failed to provide for at least 21 months. In August 2020, the New York AG disclosed in a court filing that it was conducting a civil investigation of the organization for the asset inflation allegation (which could lead to a lawsuit), asking a court to compel the organization to provide information it had been withholding, including testimony from Eric Trump. The filing noted that Eric Trump had resisted a subpoena and abruptly canceled an interview scheduled for the previous month. The Manhattan DA, which had been seeking Donald Trump's tax returns, suggested in an August 2020 federal court filing that the organization was under investigation for bank and insurance fraud. In September, New York judge Arthur Engoron ordered Eric Trump to sit for a deposition by October 7; he was deposed on October 5 and reportedly invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination over 500 times. That November, The New York Times reported that both investigators had recently issued subpoenas to the organization regarding tax deductions on millions of dollars in consulting fees, some of which were apparently paid to Ivanka Trump. By December 2020, the Manhattan DA had interviewed employees of Aon and Deutsche Bank, and hired FTI Consulting to provide forensic analysis to determine whether the organization had altered asset values for financial gain. First grand jury and criminal charges On May 18, 2021, the New York AG's office announced that it was joining the Manhattan DA's office in probing the organization "in a criminal capacity." The Manhattan DA convened a special grand jury to consider indicting Trump, his company and/or executives, and to investigate other matters. Jeffrey McConney, a senior vice president and controller who had worked for almost 35 years at the company, testified before the grand jury after he was subpoenaed. By June 2021, longtime chief financial officer Allen Weisselberg and chief operating officer Michael Calamari were under scrutiny of the Manhattan DA investigation. On June 25, the ex-wife of Allen Weisselberg's son Barry (who worked for the organization), Jennifer Weisselberg, reportedly told investigators that in January 2012 she witnessed Donald Trump discuss fringe benefits with her then-husband and father-in-law. Trump allegedly indicated that he would provide tuition for Barry and Jennifer's children at a top-rated private school (ultimately costing over $50,000 a year per child) instead of giving the two employees a raise, and directly told Jennifer that he would cover this cost. On June 28, she stated that she was planning to provide testimony in the case. On July 1, New York prosecutors charged the Trump Organization with a "15 year 'scheme to defraud' the government", conspiracy, and falsifying business records. Prosecutors filed 10 charges against the organization and its Trump Payroll Corporation entity, and 15 felony counts against Weisselberg, including grand larceny and offering a false instrument for filing. Prosecutors allege that Weisselberg received about $1.76 million in undeclared indirect compensation in the form of free rent and utilities, car leases for himself and his wife, and school tuition for his grandchildren (the checks for which Trump allegedly signed). They further allege that the organization kept track of the fringe benefits on internal spreadsheets and did not report them as taxable income. Both the organization and Weisselberg pleaded not guilty. On July 8, the Trump Organization removed Weisselberg as director of the company running Trump International Golf Links, Scotland; on July 9, the company removed him as director of 40 subsidiaries registered in Florida. The organization and Weisselberg next appeared in court on September 20. Weisselberg's lawyer revealed that over 3 million documents had been discovered in the basement of an unidentified co-conspirator, including tax documents related to the organization, and announced that "We have strong reason to believe there could be other indictments coming." Weisselberg's defense team asked for more time to review the documents. The judge agreed to this request and tentatively set a trial date for about a year in the future. Prosecutors reportedly hoped that Weisselberg would provide testimony against Donald Trump in exchange for a reduced or rescinded sentence. The New York AG later reported that, like Eric Trump, Weisselberg had invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination over 500 times. On August 31, Michael Calamari's son, who heads security for the organization, was subpoenaed to testify before the grand jury; both he and Jeffrey McConney were expected to testify on September 2. Prosecutors reportedly negotiated with a lawyer for Calamari to discuss his cooperation. As of November 2021, Calamari's lawyer expected no charges to be brought against his client. The original grand jury was expected to remain convened until November. On September 2, New York judge Arthur Engoron ordered the organization to submit a report explaining what it was doing to comply with subpoenas from the New York AG's office, one of which dated back to December 2019. If this request was not met by October 15, an electronic discovery firm was to be commissioned to review the company's records. Second grand jury The Manhattan DA convened a second grand jury the last week of October; it began to hear evidence on November 4, reportedly to consider charges related to the company's valuation of assets. By November 22, prosecutors were scrutinizing several of the organization's properties for which, between 2011 and 2015, far higher values were presented to potential lenders than were reported to tax officials. In the most extreme case, in 2012, the 40 Wall Street building was cited as being worth $527 million to the former, but only $16.7 million to the latter. Michael Cohen subsequently stated that prosecutors could "indict Donald Trump tomorrow if they really wanted, and be successful". On December 1, the New York AG subpoenaed Trump in the civil case, with the intent of deposing him on January 7, 2022. Ivanka and Donald Trump Jr. were issued subpoenas in the matter on the same day. By mid-December 2021, an accountant for Trump had testified before the grand jury. Prosecutors were reportedly examining whether the organization provided its outside accountants, Mazars USA, with cherry-picked information with which to prepare favorable financial statements to present to prospective lenders. Mazars provided disclaimers with its financial statements for the organization, indicating that the firm had not audited, reviewed, or given any assurances about them, and noting that "Donald J. Trump is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statement in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America." The Republican National Committee (RNC) agreed to pay up to $1.6 million of Trump's legal expenses for his defense in both the civil and criminal cases, which an RNC spokesperson referred to as "politically motivated legal proceedings". On December 20, Trump's lawyer Alina Habba filed a lawsuit against New York AG Letitia James, alleging that her case against the former president was "guided solely by political animus and a desire to harass, intimidate, and retaliate against a private citizen who she views as a political opponent" and that his civil rights were being violated. The next month, James filed a motion requesting that Trump's suit be dismissed, arguing that he was only trying to block his deposition. On January 3, 2022, James and a lawyer for the organization filed a court document naming Ivanka and Donald Trump Jr. as respondents in the civil case. Additionally, the filing noted that the two Trumps and their father had moved to block their subpoenas on the premise that the AG was attempting to sidestep due process to gather evidence against them in the related criminal case (led by Alvin Bragg since January 1). According to a legal expert cited by The New York Times, this is the responsibility of the defendants' lawyers to prove, but the Trumps can invoke their right against self-incrimination during their testimony. Refusal to testify could be cited in the civil case. James argued that the Trumps were using a continued pattern of "delay tactics" to keep her from interviewing them under oath. On January 10, Habba filed a motion seeking a stay of proceedings to allow an injunction against James on the same essential basis as Trump's lawsuit against the AG. At a political rally on January 15, Trump showed a video compilation of James referring to him as an "illegitimate president" and calling attention to his finances; this ended with the text "unhinged liberal" placed over James' face. At another rally two weeks later, Trump said of James and Fani Willis (both of whom are African Americans and scrutinizing the legality of actions by Trump): "If these radical, vicious, racist prosecutors do anything wrong or illegal, I hope we are going to have in this country the biggest protest we have ever had." On January 31, James filed a motion arguing that her case "presents no emergency requiring the extraordinary relief of a preliminary injunction". She also clarified that her remarks against Trump had been made while campaigning in the 2018 New York Attorney General election, stating, "I pursue cases based on evidence ... the politics stop at my door." On January 18, James filed a motion to compel Trump and his two oldest children to appear in court and provide documents, stating that "Thus far in our investigation, we have uncovered significant evidence that suggests Donald J. Trump and the Trump Organization falsely and fraudulently valued multiple assets and misrepresented those values to financial institutions for economic benefit." Investigators stated that the "focus of the subpoena, and the investigation, is Mr. Trump's statement of financial condition," alleging that Trump's financial statements were used to secure more than $300 million in loans, and that these "were generally inflated as part of a pattern to suggest that Mr. Trump's net worth was higher than it otherwise would have appeared". According to the AG's motion, over 930,000 documents had been provided by the organization in response to subpoenas and about a dozen employees and former employees had provided testimony. However, of over five million documents provided by the company overall, only three were provided by Trump himself; two of these were cited in the AG's motion, in addition to Trump's federal income tax information, which he approved the release of to the AG. Trump's handwriting and signature are present on some of the hard-copy documents. The New York AG's filing cites financial inaccuracies including the organization's golf course near Aberdeen, Scotland, which the AG said was valued at $435.56 million by Trump in 2014, over twice its previous year estimate. This was apparently based on the potential building of 2,500 luxury homes, despite less than 1,500 of such units being approved by Scottish officials. Weisselberg had been unable to explain the discrepancy. Additionally, James cited Donald Trump's own three-story apartment in Trump Tower, which he reported as being 30,000 square feet; according to the New York AG it is actually about 11,000 square feet. A 2017 Forbes article supports the smaller figure and estimates the apartment's value to be less than a third of Trump's valuation of over $200 million. On February 1, lawyers for the Trumps filed a request for the subpoenas to be "quashed", again alleging James's "political animus" and that she had thereby violated the Equal Protection Clause of both the Constitution of the United States and New York as well as a state criminal procedural law, the latter two of which the filing states "created protections for subpoenaed witnesses that federal law does not provide". The filing cites the two state laws as dictating that "an agency conducting a criminal investigation through an active grand jury is required, if the witness is subpoenaed, to examine the subject or target of the investigation [in front of] the grand jury." On February 9, Mazars informed the Trump Organization that it would no longer support the financial statements it had prepared for the organization from mid-2010 to mid-2020, owing to findings from the New York AG's January 18 filing and other sources. A Trump Organization spokesperson claimed that the development "effectively renders the investigations by the DA and AG moot". On February 14, separate court filings were made on behalf of the AG and Trump; James cited the Mazars correspondence in requesting that her subpoenas be upheld, and lawyers for Trump said he lacked knowledge of potentially misleading financial statements. In a five-page statement issued the next day, Trump claimed that Mazars had cut ties with him because of "vicious intimidation tactics" by investigators and that his brand value made up for any alleged financial discrepancies. James argued that this contradicted the defensive pleading from a day earlier. On February 17, Judge Arthur Engoron ruled in favor of James's subpoenas. In response to Trump's lawyer Alina Habba's request for the civil investigation to be paused until the criminal inquiry is concluded, Engoron cited the fact that neither the AG nor DA had subpoenaed the Trumps to appear before a jury. However, the New York judge affirmed that refusals by the Trumps to answer potentially incriminating questions in the civil case should not be cited in the criminal matter. The lawyer for the two Trump children, Alan Futerfas, admitted that there was no evidence that the Trump children were targets of the criminal probe. Habba accused James of bias and "prosecutorial misconduct", to which Engoron maintained that "a prosecutor [disliking] someone does not prevent a prosecution," stating, "If Ms. James has a thing against [Trump], that's not ... unlawful discrimination. He's just a bad guy she should go after as the chief law enforcement officer of the state." Habba also claimed that Trump belongs to a protected class, which the judge pointed out is reserved for categorizations such as race, religion, and sex—not political persuasion. In his ruling, Engoron derided the organization's portrayal of the AG case as "moot" and set deadlines of 14 days for Donald Trump to produce requested documents and 21 days for depositions from all three Trumps. Habba characterized the ruling as unfair. A notice of appeal was filed on February 28. A request to stay or delay the deadlines could postpone the depositions for months. On February 22, lawyers for the organization and Weisselberg filed motions requesting that the Manhattan DA's criminal investigation be dismissed, also alleging "political animus". Weisselberg's lawyers argued that the charges against him were related to federal taxes and that he had been granted federal immunity due to his cooperation in the case against Cohen (who allegedly recommended prosecutors try to flip Weisselberg against Trump); his lawyers further claimed that prosecutors had threatened to charge Weisselberg's son Barry (a former Trump Organization employee who was allegedly provided unreported fringe benefits) and requested that evidence from two prosecutors be suppressed because it was improperly divulged while Weisselberg was in custody. The next day, the two lead prosecutors in the criminal case resigned; The New York Times reported that this followed a monthlong pause of evidence being presented to the jury, which is expected to remain seated until April. The most recent evidence heard was reportedly from Trump's Mazars accountant and an expert in real-estate property valuation from FTI Consulting. Bragg recruited his investigations chief to the lead prosecutor role, with the DA's office expected to debate the strength of the case over the following weeks. A trial is tentatively scheduled for August or September. Reactions In December 2020, Trump told Sean Hannity that "The president out the door needs to pardon his whole family and himself because they want this witch hunt to go on in perpetuity, they're so full of rage and insanity against [me]." In response, some news outlets speculated that the president might preemptively pardon his children in connection with the criminal case, although the power only applies to federal crimes. Some commenters have pointed out the irony of Trump being faced with pleading the Fifth Amendment, which he has expressed disdain for doing, saying it implies a party's guilt. On January 20, 2022, Axios reported that some of Trump's associates have expressed concern with his choice of lawyer in his dispute with the New York AG. Alina Habba of New Jersey has represented Trump in his lawsuit against his niece and in alleged sexual misconduct cases involving E. Jean Carroll and Summer Zervos. According to some of his associates, Trump has a pattern of hiring lawyers to take on cases that are not designed to be won so much as draw publicity. One source close to Trump stated that he had "fallen prey to inexperienced lawyers who are just telling him what he wants to hear", while Eric Trump defended Habba as "incredibly competent". A top D.C. lawyer called Habba's legal motions against James "a huge stretch", but acknowledged that "Prosecutors are supposed to be above politics and just about the facts. When they sound more like politicians, they can get in real trouble with judges." A criminal defense lawyer employed by NBC News as a legal analyst observes that "Generally, lying to a bank to obtain a loan can be a crime." A former president has never been criminally indicted (with Richard Nixon being pardoned in 1974 for any crimes he may have committed in office). A New York defense lawyer who worked for Cyrus Vance Jr. calls a potential trial against Trump a "logistical nightmare", saying it "would be unprecedented in a courthouse that has seen many, many high-profile cases over the decades." These include Harvey Weinstein's sexual abuse case, which drew protesters. The director of public information for New York's state courts points out that 4,000 court officers (with training similar to police) are employed to uphold public safety if necessary. In the wake of the two lead prosecutors resigning from the criminal case, media outlets and a lawyer for Trump opined that the investigation seemed to be unwinding; some noted that while Vance had confidence in the criminal case, his successor, Bragg, has exhibited less interest. See also List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack Notes References Donald Trump controversies Donald Trump litigation The Trump Organization

69820623

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dankade%20massacre

Dankade massacre

In mid-January 2022, a bandit gang killed over 50 people in Dankade, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Background The Nigerian bandit conflict began in 2011, and has mostly taken place in northwestern Nigeria. Armed gangs have carried out many attacks, including mass kidnappings, robbery, arson and mass shootings. Hundreds of people have been killed and thousands displaced. The conflict escalated in the early 2020s; the largest and most deadly event being the massacres in Zamfara State in early January 2022. The Nigerian authorities, who are also opposing the Boko Haram insurgency and the insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria, have difficulty tackling the bandit gangs. Incident On the evening of 14 January 2022, a group of bandits attacked Dankade, a village in Kebbi State, Northwest Nigeria. After a shootout with soldiers and police in which two soldiers and a police officer were killed, security forces retreated. The gang continued their assault into the early hours of the following day, killing numerous villagers, burning down shops and grain silos, as well as stealing cattle. The gang kidnapped villagers, including its community leader. By the time the bandits left dead bodies lay all over the streets of Dankade. A survivor recalled:“Many were killed and their corpses burnt. We can’t tell the number of fatalities right now. We are left wondering why terror killings seem to be on the rise, particularly in the North-West region.”State authorities put the casualty number at 18, while some locals said the bandits had killed over 50 civilians. Notes References 2022 fires 2022 mass shootings in Africa 2022 murders in Africa 2020s fires in Africa 2020s massacres in Nigeria 21st century in Kebbi State Arson in Nigeria Arson in the 2020s Attacks on buildings and structures in 2022 Attacks on buildings and structures in Nigeria Attacks on shops Crime in Kebbi State January 2022 crimes in Africa January 2022 events in Nigeria Mass shootings in Nigeria Massacres in 2022 Nigerian bandit conflict Terrorist incidents in 2022 Terrorist incidents in Nigeria in the 2020s

69821048

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building%20blocks%20%28toy%29

Building blocks (toy)

Building blocks (also construction blocks) are modular construction parts, usually made of plastic, which can be assembled in a form-fit manner. The basic components are usually cuboid-shaped, cylindrically studded at the top in a grid pattern, hollow-bodied at the bottom and smooth at the sides. The structured upper surface interacts by friction and positive locking with the correspondingly negative lower surface of other clamping components, so that complex designs can be assembled. The design allows the parts to be connected with compressive force and the blocks to be clamped with plastic pins. Characteristics According to the systematics of science of play, most clamping building block systems belong to the game classification of educational toys or more specific construction toys. Characteristic features of building blocks are: modularity: According to the construction set principle, the whole can be divided into parts and reassembled along defined locations. Variability: as few as seven 4×2 bricks of the same color can be combined in over 85 billion ways. Recombinability: bricks can be arranged differently to each other again and again. Desirable characteristics are: Fit: Tolerances of a few micrometers prevent jamming, stepping, or detectable gaps between bricks. Elasticity: By slightly deforming the stones during clamping, a permanent clamping or mechanical adhesive effect is achieved. The tiny difference in size between the nub and the stud receptacle must be compensated for elastically. Shape, color and thermostability: Despite the mechanical stress of the bricks, no plastic deformation or fracture should occur due to deformation or shock, neither function nor appearance should be diminished. Chemical stability: high resistance to weathering, natural ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. Wear resistance despite reversibility: clamp connections should be mechanically separable residue-free, with as little abrasion as possible. The studs of clamping components initially hold in the other component by static friction, so called stiction, which is supported by plasticity of the selected material - it prevents them from simply slipping out of the other component again. In terms of clamping components, the force required to pull a stud out of its holder is also known colloquially as the "clamping force". Blocks from different manufacturers sometimes differ in this respect. The main force acting transversely to the studs is the form fit. Delimitation Compared to most ceramic or wooden kits, constructions can be created that can also withstand (to a limited extent) tensile forces. Compared to metal building sets or :de:Metallbaukasten, however, building block sets have only weak cohesiveness, since they usually do not require special connectors; however, cohesiveness can be increased by form-fitting cross-connections. Metal construction sets are usually more room-forming and about linkage constructions. Pedagogical Merit The handling of building block toys requires and trains the visuomotor, the coordination of visual and haptic perception and the movement apparatus (eye-hand coordination, force dosage buildup), fine motor skills, color perception, spatial visualization ability and spatial cognition therein, and mental anticipation of action steps. It promotes creativity, imagination as well as the play instinct and serves as a self-efficacy experience. Material Building blocks are almost always made from thermoplastic thermoplastic using the injection molding process. (For other materials, see chapter Sustainability.) The material of the building blocks must be elastic to compensate for the difference in size between the studs and the recess and to create a permanent clamping effect, while remaining dimensionally stable and unbreakable even with multiple disassembly and reassembly and mechanical stress like tensile or compressing loads. Surfaces should be smooth but grippy and have tolerances of only a few micrometers, as the top and bottom of the clamping components serve as plug-in socket for each other. Lego Lego initially used the material cellulose acetate, an acetate ester of cellulose. Since 1963, Lego bricks have been made of the plastic acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). Transparent building elements are made of polycarbonate („Makrolon") and axles because of its higher rotational stiffness made of polyamide (PA). ABS has a low specific gravity with a density of 1.03 to 1.07 g-cm-3. Thanks to its good resistance to impact, it is breaking strength, and a surface hardness of 50-60 hardness test by Shore makes it scratch-resistant to fingernails. The material is resistant to aqueous chemicals, but is unresistant to solvents such as acetone. The plastic component tolerates heating up to a temperature of 80 °C and has good mechanical and acoustic damping properties. The amorphous thermoplastics are matt glossy, different colors are producible. Sustainability The polymer degradation of building blocks made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene]] copolymer (ABS) can take between 100 and 1300 years in the ocean, depending on conditions, according to a University of Plymouth research finding, which is why some manufacturers are looking to switch to sustainable raw materials; some manufacturers make Lego-compatible bricks from wood, for example, from bioethanol or use resins from natural materials as a base, likewise, packaging is sometimes intended to become more environmentally friendly. There are also building blocks made of cardboard. Red and yellow building blocks from Lego, which were manufactured between 1963 and 1981, can release carcinogenic cadmium when exposed to stomach acid in amounts exceeding today's limits about 10-fold. History In 1934, the Rubber Specialties Company in the United States started production of its Bild-O-Brik rubber system. From 1935 to 1976, the Premo Rubber Company manufactured the Minibrix. The system consisted of brown rubber blocks with a basic grid size of 1×½×⅜ inches. Beginning in 1939, the company Halsam Products manufactured its American Bricks from pressed wood. The ELGO Plastic Company produced building blocks under the name Elgo American Plastic Bricks from 1946. In 1949, the Danish company Lego began industrial production of its Automatic Binding Brick, which, however, like its predecessors, was hollow inside and therefore produced very little adhesion. The bricks are an almost identical copy of the 1947 Self-locking Building Bricks of the English brand Kiddicraft by toy developer Hilary Page. In the 1997 publication Developing a Product, Lego explicitly refers to the origin of the building blocks: Possible combinations Building blocks can be combined with each other in many ways. Two same-colored 4×2 bricks can be arranged in 24 ways, with three this is already 1560. The number of combinations increases to over 85 billion with only seven same-colored 4×2 bricks, as a paper from the Mathematics Department of Aarhus University states. Models and manufacturers The building blocks are usually sold in building block sets with building instructions, less often as single-variety or mixed bulk. In addition to the main model of a set, building instructions for an alternative model ("B-model") are occasionally included, often advertised as such ("2-in-1", "3-in-1"). Building blocks are produced in different shapes, sizes and systems worldwide by various manufacturers, with the majority of manufacturers following Lego's construction dimensions, a grid size of 8 × 8 mm (and other shape specifications), to keep their plug-in systems compatible. In addition to the standard shapes, most manufacturers produce special bricks onto which, in turn, bricks of the type described at the beginning can be placed or clamped. Some manufacturers concentrate on so-called MOCs ("My Own Creation"), which have been developed by brick fans and released or licensed for reproduction. Litigation for trademark protection Lego system The Lego company repeatedly sued competing building block manufacturers in court. The lawsuits were mostly unsuccessful, as the courts evaluated the functional design of the base brick as an issue of patent rather than trademark law, and all relevant Lego patents have expired. Lego itself largely adopted the dimensions of the bricks in the late 1940s from an invention by British toy developer Hilary Page. Lego and Tyco Toys fought in U.S. courts over Tyco's interlocking bricks in the 1980s, with both manufacturers claiming victory. On 31. August 1987, the U.S. District Court ruled that Tyco could continue to manufacture Lego system-compatible bricks with the product name Super Blocks, but ordered Tyco to cease and desist from using the Lego trademark and from advertising with "Lego, but only cheaper". Lego's Hong Kong lawsuit against Tyco Super Blocks obtained an injunction forcing Tyco to stop making Lego-compatible bricks from after 1973. Tyco was also sued by Lego in Austria, Italy and Canada. The Canadian manufacturer Mega Bloks was sued because its use of the composite brick system of "studs and tubes" was an infringement of the trademarks held by Lego. On November 17, 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the right of Mega Bloks to continue selling the product in Canada. On November 12, 2008, the General Court (European Union) made a similar decision. On September 14, 2010, the European Court of Justice ruled that the eight-stud design of the original Lego brick "only fulfills a technical function [and] cannot be registered as a trademark" (regarding brick replica; however, it is still protected as a 3D trademark regarding advertising purposes/company logos and suchlike). The English company Best-Lock Construction Toys sued Lego in German courts in 2004 and 2009. In the latter case, the German Federal Supreme Court rejected Lego trademark protection for the shape of its bricks. In 2002, Lego's Swiss subsidiary Interlego AG successfully sued the company Tianjin CoCo Toy Co. Ltd. for copyright infringement. An appeals court found that many CoCo sets violated existing law. CoCo was ordered to stop manufacturing the infringing sets, publish a formal apology in the Beijing Daily, and pay a small compensation to Interlego. On appeal, the Supreme People's Court in Beijing upheld the court's ruling. In 2000, Lego applied for a three-dimensional trademark for its minifigures, which Best Lock had already duplicated in 1998. Thus, Best Lock sued in 2012 to revoke the trademark. On June 16, 2015, the European Court of Justice upheld Lego's figure trademark. Lego had filed its copyright claims in a U.S. customs database in 2009, which led to the confiscation of Best Lock shipments from Asia. In October 2011, Lego filed a lawsuit in United States District Court in Hartford against Best-Lock over the minifigure trademark. Mega Bloks won a case in the EU Supreme Court in 2010 against Lego's trademark registration of a red toy brick. Jon Capriola came up with the idea of a light-up brick called Laser Pegs in 2002, which was patented in 2006 and finally granted in 2009. Lawrence Rosen of LaRose Industries was approached by Capriola to invest in the company at the North American International Toy Fair in February 2011. Instead, Rosen applied for and received an accelerated patent in 2012, and LaRose Industries' Cra-Z-Art division then began producing Lite Brix light-up blocks. In 2013, Capriola's company sued Rosen for patent infringement, while Rosen filed for cancellation of his patent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. In 2014, Light Stax was introduced as another LED light-compatible brick. In 2011, Lego sued Guangdong Jumbo Grand Plastic Moulding Industrial for counterfeit packaging of BanBao. The two companies settled out of court, with Guangdong agreeing to issue standalone packaging and produce a new figure called ToBees. In 2016, Lego announced that it would take legal action against Chinese manufacturer Guangdong Loongon, which produces the Lepin brand and is known for plagiarisms of Lego sets. In 2019, counterfeit Lego sets worth 26 million euros were seized in raids by Chinese police. In 2021, Lego has obtained a cease-and-desist declaration in the German-speaking countries, according to which only original Lego bricks may also be called Lego. The cease-and-desist declaration argues that Lego is a wordmark. For many, however, Lego is a so-called deonym (word from a proper name or generalized brand name), i.e. (also) a generic name, which is to be prevented. The root cause can be found in the trademark act. Thus, for example, complex words have arisen in the German language that attempt to dignify the cease-and-desist declaration, which, however, is also understandable considering the history of the building block. Thus, it must be internalized that Lego is only a manufacturer of building blocks. Literature (PDF; 3,3 MB) External video links (video in English; 8:02 min) (video in German; 21:05 min). (video in German; 33:58 min). (video in German; 8:14 min). External links Wolfgang Lenders: Konkurrenz auf dem Noppenmarkt (Competition on the stud market). in journal: Brand eins, vol. 3/2008. . Michael Schäfer: 60 Jahre Lego-Brick: Ein Baustein trotzt der Digitalisierung (60 Years of Lego Brick: A Building Block Defies Digitization). in journal: ComputerBase. 2018-01-28 References Building Blocks Construction toys Plastic toys Copyright infringement

69823721

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polidano%20Group

Polidano Group

The Polidano Group is the largest private construction business in Malta. History Charles Polidano (Iċ-Ċaqnu, born 1960) and his brother Paul founded in 1982 a small construction company, which was incorporated as Polidano Brothers Ltd in July 1987. The company invested in the mechanisation of the construction industry (until then very labour-intensive), growing through three decades into Malta's biggest construction company. The Polidano groups has operations in various sectors: manufacturing and construction, the group's core activity; property development; and hospitality and leisure (The Westin Dragonara, Le Meridien, St Julian's, and Montekristo Estates). Polidano has been working on almost all major infrastructural projects in Malta in the past decades from the Malta Freeport terminal 1 estension, the Lufthansa Technik hangar, the WasteServ Sant Antnin Solid Waste Treatment Plant, the North Sewage Treatment Plant, as well The Westin Dragonara, Intercontinental Hotel and Hilton hotels and the high-end housing developments of Portomaso and Tigné Point. Legal issues In 2006 Charles Polidano was charged with assaulting a lawyer; he apologised, and charges were dropped. In 2009 Polidano started the development of a 40-apartment residential block within Balzan's village core, despite its application having being rejected by the Malta Environment and Planning Authority (MEPA) as leading to overdevelopment. Polidano, who had already cleared the back garden by uprooting trees (including 50 years old protected bay laurel trees), then left the area in a dilapidated state for years. In July 2011, MEPA issued an emergency conservation order over the site, but Polidano took no action. In July 2013 a Court fined Polidano Group for €100,000, close to the maximum by law, and ordered Polidano to abide by the conservation order. However, in November 2017 the court of criminal appeal reduced the fine to €10,000, noting that in the meantime, in 2014, another Polidano company had been granted permission to develop the area while preserving a green enclave with a large number of trees. Polidano was still ordered to comply with the emergency conservation order or pay a daily fine of €130. Also, in February 2017 the Planning Authorities sanctioned further changes to the project, including the building of a swimming pool. The development of Polidano's headquarters in Ħal Farruġ, 64,000 square metres of land on the limits of the Malta Airport, took place without any permit. Polidano built a 19-metre high office block (double the 10.5 metre limit for industrial areas) and multilevel underground parking, as well as a brick factory and a dormitory for up to 64 foreign workers. In July 2010 Polidano applied for legalisation. These developments were subject to an enforcement notice by the Planning Authority in 2011, which was however suspended for over a decade pending applications for sanctioning. In May 2021 the Planning Authority legalised Polidano's illegal developments against a fine of €32,754. Polidano also owns the Montekristo Estates holding outside Siġġiewi, including event venues, entertainment facilities, a zoo, a restaurant, a winery, and an olive oil mill operation, which Malta's Planning Authority once described as “one of the largest illegally-built construction sites on the island”. In November 2013 the Planning Authority descended on the site together with soldiers and police to demolish illegalities, including a replica of a Knights of Malta tower, a classical-style building and a four-storey edifice with a pool being used as a cafeteria. However, any demolition was prevented by a court injunction elicited by Polidano. In June 2020 the Planning Authority stopped illegal works at the site (two towers on either side of the main gate), after Polidano had gathered over €700,000 in daily fines. In November 2020 Times of Malta reported that Polidano Brothers Limited had gathered some €30.4 million in unpaid taxes over two decades. Other companies owned by Charles Polidano (including the Montekristo Estates) also owned the Maltese state some €6.3 million and €1.2 million. Polidano had been ordered to settle the outstanding debt or face legal action. It is unclear how Polidano could apply for public tenders (which require a compliance certificate) given the outstanding unpaid taxes. Following the news of unpaid tax arrears, Polidano Group was reportedly blacklisted from public tenders. However, Charles Polidano continued to bid for public works through other controlled companies, and to conduct works in partnership with other major developers such as Joseph Portelli. In April 2021 Charles Polidano was interrogated by the Police for bodily harm and revenge porn. References Companies of Malta Construction and civil engineering companies

69824248

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha%20Whedbee

Bertha Whedbee

Bertha Par Simmons Whedbee (1876 - 1960) was an activist, suffragist, and first African American woman to become a police officer in Louisville, Kentucky. Biography Whedbee was born as Bertha Par Simmons in West Virginia in 1879. She later became a kindergarten teacher, graduating from the first class of the Colored Kindergarten Association in 1901. She married a physician, Ellis D. Whedbee, in 1898. They moved to Louisville, Kentucky and had four children together. Whedbee became involved in the women's suffrage movement in Louisville. In 1919 Bertha Whedbee was inspired to become a police officer herself after local police officers arrested her 17 year old son, Ellis, Jr, as a robbery suspect. Later, the officers charged Ellis with disorderly conduct and a $10 fine. Whedbee didn't believe the charges and confronted the police about the charges, where she was then arrested and charged with a $10 fine as well. Bertha's fine was later suspended, but the fine for her son was upheld. The Whedbees filed a suit against the police station master. On March 3, 1922 she presented a petition that she be appointed a police officer. Whedbee went on to became the first African American woman to work for the Louisville Metro Police Department when she started on March 22, 1922. Her mandate was to work only among other African Americans in the community. She worked on the police force until 1927 when she resigned in protest when the other African American officers were dismissed by a new city administration. Bertha Whedbee died in 1960. She was buried in Louisville Cemetery. There were no headstones for either Bertha or Ellis, Sr. Whedbee until they were installed in 2018. References 1876 births 1960 deaths People from Louisville, Kentucky African-American police officers African-American educators American suffragists Schoolteachers from West Virginia

69824889

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornbury%20Town%20Hall

Thornbury Town Hall

Thornbury Town Hall, is a municipal building in the High Street, Thornbury, Gloucestershire, England. The building, which is the meeting place of Thornbury Town Council, is a Grade II listed building. History The first building on the site on the east side of the High Street between Silver Street and Soapers Lane was a public house known as the "Wine Tavern" which dated back at least to 1590. It was acquired by an apothecary, John Gayner, who converted it for his own use in 1737. The site was then acquired by an attorney, George Rolph, who decided to demolish the original building and commission the current structure. The new building was designed in the neoclassical style, built in brick with a stucco finish and was completed in 1785. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with three bays facing onto the High Street; the central bay featured a portico with Ionic order columns supporting an entablature. The outer bays were fenestrated by tri-partite sash windows and, at roof level, there was a modillioned cornice and a parapet. Internally, the principal room was a large drawing room at the front of the building on the first floor. Following George Rolph's death in 1815, the house passed to his son, William, who enlarged the property by incorporating two other properties at the rear. Following William Rolph's death in 1848, the building was auctioned and acquired by the local justices of the peace. They commissioned a local contractor, Daniel Burchell, to convert the building into a police station and courthouse. Accommodation for the police sergeant and constables was created at the rear of the building. The drawing room was converted into a courtroom, which opened in time for the quarter sessions in March 1860. A large circular plaster cast recording the new use of the building and the date of the conversion was installed on the front of the building at first floor level. Thornbury Rural District Council, which was established in 1894, was not involved in the operation of the courthouse and instead established itself in council offices in Castle Street. The building in the High Street continued to operate as a police station until 1973, when a new police station opened in Rock Street, and continued to host magistrates court hearings until 1986, when the magistrates moved to a modern courthouse in Yate. The building then remained empty and deteriorating until it was acquired by Thornbury Town Council in April 1992. Restoration works, which involved the conversion of the courtroom into a council chamber, were completed in 1994. The old custody cells in the police station were restored for use as a visitor attraction and a tourist information centre was established on the ground floor of the building. References Government buildings completed in 1785 City and town halls in Gloucestershire Grade II listed buildings in Gloucestershire Thornbury, Gloucestershire

69825465

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Michelle%20Go

Death of Michelle Go

Michelle Alyssa Go (December 29, 1981 – January 15, 2022) was a 40-year-old Asian-American woman who was pushed into the path of an oncoming subway train, which caused her death. The alleged assailant is Martial Simon, who was subsequently arrested and charged with second-degree murder. The incident occurred at the New York City Subway's Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal station. Biography Go was born to Justin and Marjorie Go on December 29, 1981, in Berkeley, California. She grew up in Fremont, California, with her parents and her brother Jefferey. Circa 1994, she attended American High School in Fremont, where she was a member of the Honor Society as well as a cheerleader. She graduated in 1998. She would go on to study economics at University of California, Los Angeles, graduating with a degree in economics in 2002. She then worked at Ferguson Plumbing Supply in Pasadena, California, as a customer service and sales representative. In 2010, she obtained a Master of Business Administration from the New York University Stern School of Business where she worked at Barclays Capital, before joining financial firm Deloitte, where she worked in mergers and acquisitions. Go was known for her volunteer work. She had worked with the New York Junior League (NYJL) for over a decade, helping many low-income New Yorkers. The NYJL released a statement after her death. Death On January 15, 2022, Go left her apartment on the Upper West Side of New York City and was waiting for the R train at Times Square-42nd Street station. At around 9:40 AM, a 61-year-old homeless man named Martial Simon allegedly pushed her onto the tracks from behind into the path of the oncoming R train. Go was pronounced dead at the scene. Legal proceedings Simon has a criminal background and a history of mental illness. Shortly before pushing Go from the platform, he had allegedly been harassing other commuters. Another woman later told investigators that she had also been approached by Simon and that she felt like she was going to be pushed, too, so she walked away from him. Simon turned himself in to police shortly after the incident, and has been charged with second-degree murder. Reception and concern Go's death received attention due to its unprovoked malice, and speculation by media and investigators about whether she was targeted because she was Asian American. Vigils, organized in the San Francisco Bay Area and New York City, were attended by hundreds of mourners. The case has inflamed concerns over the homelessness and mental illness crises and elevated fears of soaring rates of violent crime, with residents calling for better security and social policies. Following Go's death, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) announced in February 2022 that it would install platform screen doors at three stations as part of a pilot program. The stations included the platform at Times Square, as well as the platform at and at . Even before Go's death, there had been calls for the MTA to install platform screen doors at several stations, but the MTA had not done so. Additionally, the pilot program at Times Square excluded the platform where Go had died. See also Killing of Vicha Ratanapakdee—Thai-American man pushed to his death in San Francisco in 2021 Killing of Yao Pan Ma—Chinese-American man pushed and kicked to death in East Harlem in 2021 References 2022 controversies in the United States 2022 crimes in the United States 2020s in Manhattan Asian-American issues Asian-American-related controversies Deaths by person in the United States January 2022 events in the United States Murder in New York City Violence against women in the United States

69825624

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%20Holloway

Che Holloway

Chequan Tyreek Holloway (born August 5, 1990) is an actor known for his three-season stint as Officer Amir Johnson in the comedy web series Dark Justice. Early life and education Holloway was born August 5, 1990, in the city of Rochester, New York. In his teen years, Holloway majored in acting at Rochester's School of The Arts and attended the Geva Theatre Center's Summer acting academy for two sessions in 2007 and 2009. As a college student, he attended New York City's American Musical and Dramatic Academy from 2010-2011. Acting career Holloways break role happened in 2012 when he co-starred in an episode of the Oprah Winfrey Network show Unfaithful: Stories of Betrayal, where he played Kacey, half of a married couple struggling to save their relationship after it's jeopardized by infidelity. Afterward, Holloway appeared on stage in roles such as that of Tom Robinson in a stage adaptation of Harper Lee's classic To Kill A Mockingbird at the Bristol Valley Theatre in Naples, New York. Holloway has starred in multiple web series including his role as a reformed criminal forced to keep his family afloat by taking on a potentially fatal last job in the 2014 crime drama short PRESSURE, directed by Reginald Altidor. In 2016, Holloway started the first of a three-season run on the social issues-focused satire Dark Justice, written and created by Mike Gerbino where he appeared as Amir Johnson, who as the only Black cop on an all-white local police force deals with its inherent racial discrimination while trying to serve and protect his community. Holloway's performance in the series earned him a nomination for Best Actor at the ROC Awards. References External links Che Holloway at Facebook Che Holloway at IMDB Interviews with Holloway, , , 1990 births Living people Male actors from Rochester, New York 21st-century American male actors American male television actors

69826108

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra%20Costa%20County%20Office%20of%20the%20Sheriff

Contra Costa County Office of the Sheriff

The Contra Costa County Office of the Sheriff is a law enforcement agency serving Contra Costa County, California. The Contra Costa County Office of the Sheriff is the largest law enforcement agency in Contra Costa County with over 1,100 sworn and professional employees. The Office of the Sheriff provides law enforcement and public safety services to over 1.1 million residents in the 715-square mile county. The Contra Costa County Office of the Sheriff's responsibilities include unincorporated area policing, contract cities and special districts policing, air support by helicopters, marine patrol, dispatch, investigations, coroners service, administration and staffing of county detention facilities, providing a custody alternative program, court security, forensic services, a police academy, and the Office of Emergency Services. Organization The Contra Costa County Office of the Sheriff is divided into four bureaus: Administrative, Custody Services, Field Operations, and Support Services. Each bureau is further divided into divisions: Administrative Bureau Capital & Special Projects Personnel & Finance Division Professional Standard Division Training Division Custody Services Bureau Court Security Custody Alternative Marsh Creek Detention Facility Martinez Detention Facility West County Detention Facility Field Operations Bureau Investigations Division Patrol Division Special Operations Division Support Services Bureau Coroners Division Emergency Services Division Forensic Services Division Technical Services Division Sheriffs See also List of law enforcement agencies in California References External links Contra Costa Sheriff's Office Official Website Sheriffs' departments of California Government of Contra Costa County, California

69826380

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20on%20the%20Way

Death on the Way

Death on the Way is a 1932 detective novel by the Irish writer Freeman Wills Crofts. It is the ninth in his series of novels featuring Inspector French, a prominent figure of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. It was published in the United States the same year by Harper under the alternative title Double Death. The author drew on his own experience as a former railway engineer in creating the fictional project. In his next novel The Hog's Back Mystery he was to based the plot around a real-life road project. Synopsis Contractors employed by the Southern Railway are working on a track widening scheme along the coast of Dorset. One evening one of the employees, a young engineer named Ronnie Ackerley is run over by a train on the route. The inquest initially considers it an accident, but subsequent information leads the local police to call in the assistance of Scotland Yard. Inspector French's investigations establish quickly that it was indeed murder. A major scheme to defraud the railway company is also exposed, leading one of the employees to inflate the amount of work being done and pocket the difference. Then Carey, one of the other engineers is found hanging in his office, it is deemed a suicide and he is held responsible for both the fraud and for murdering Ackerley who was on the trail of uncovering it. This solution then unravels when French proves that Carey did not kill himself, but was also murdered. References Bibliography Evans, Curtis. Masters of the "Humdrum" Mystery: Cecil John Charles Street, Freeman Wills Crofts, Alfred Walter Stewart and the British Detective Novel, 1920-1961. McFarland, 2014. Herbert, Rosemary. Whodunit?: A Who's Who in Crime & Mystery Writing. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reilly, John M. Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers. Springer, 2015. 1932 British novels Novels by Freeman Wills Crofts British crime novels British mystery novels British thriller novels British detective novels Irish mystery novels Irish crime novels Collins Crime Club books Novels set in London Novels set in Dorset

69826871

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20We%20Were%20Young%20%28festival%29

When We Were Young (festival)

When We Were Young is an upcoming music festival scheduled to be held in Las Vegas at the Las Vegas Festival Grounds on October 22nd, 23rd, and 29th of the year 2022. History The Event was first announced on January 18, 2022 as a one day event to occur on October 22, 2022. Tickets would sell out very quickly leading the addition of the second and third dates in late January 2022. Concerns The event has generated safety and logistical concerns not only because the 67 artists that will perform are planned to play on three stages for the event in the span of 12 hours over the festival's three day run, but also because Live Nation Entertainment is currently under investigation for its role in the Astroworld Festival crowd crush. Live Nation has responded to safety concerns over the event stating that they will make it their top priority and that they are working with the Las Vegas fire, police and Clark County Buildings Department to try to ensure it. Lineup The official festival lineup in alphabetical order: 3OH!3 A Day to Remember Acceptance AFI Alkaline Trio The All-American Rejects Anberlin Armor for Sleep Atreyu Avril Lavigne Bayside Black Veil Brides Bright Eyes Bring Me the Horizon Boys Like Girls Car Seat Headrest Dance Gavin Dance Dashboard Confessional Four Year Strong The Garden Glassjaw Hawthorne Heights HorrorPops I Prevail Ice Nine Kills Jimmy Eat World Jxdn Kittie Knocked Loose La Dispute Lil Huddy The Linda Lindas The Maine Manchester Orchestra Mayday Parade Meet Me at the Altar Mom Jeans Motionless in White My Chemical Romance Neck Deep Nessa Barrett Paramore Palaye Royale Prentiss Pierce the Veil Poppy Pvris The Ready Set The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus Royal & the Serpent Saosin Senses Fail Silverstein Sleeping With Sirens The Starting Line State Champs Story of the Year The Story So Far Taking Back Sunday Thursday TV Girl We the Kings Wolf Alice The Wonder Years The Used See also Slam Dunk Festival Taste of Chaos Vans Warped Tour References External links 2022 in music 2022 in Nevada Events in Las Vegas Music festivals Scheduled events

69826873

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A4nslots

Gränslots

Gränslots (Border Guide) is a Swedish drama film from 1990 directed by Lars-Göran Pettersson. The film was Pettersson's debut as a director, and he also write the screenplay. The film was edited into a TV series and broadcast on SVT2 in 1993. In addition to Swedish actors, the cast includes many Norwegian actors. Plot The Swede Henry Eriksson helps his friends and relatives on the other side of the Norwegian border during World War II. He also helps refugees. Cast Line Storesund as Tove Anton Hjärtmyr as Sigge Göran Engman as Henry, Sigge's father Sigrid Huun as Torunn, Sigge's mother Bo Lindström as Sigges grandfather Bjørn Sundquist as Ragnar, Tove's father Helge Jordal as a Norwegian policeman Bo Montelius as Åkerberg, the district police superintendent Gerhard Hoberstrofer as the forest ranger's assistant Kicki Rundgren as the maid Unni Kristin Skagestad as the dark-haired woman References External links Gränslots at the Swedish Film Database 1990 films Swedish drama films Swedish-language films Norwegian-language films

69829457

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Security%20Response%20Team

Special Security Response Team

The is a tactical response unit placed under the Japanese Ministry of Justice's Correction Bureau. It is based at the Tokyo Detention House. According to Norio Saeki, Director of the Correction Bureau, SeRT is tasked to handle anti-riot and disaster operations at CB-manned facilities without diverting manpower from various police or fire departments. Captain Hiromichi Ouchi is the SeRT's current commanding officer. Captain Shinjiro Nagase is the SeRT Deputy Captain. History The SeRT was established on April 1, 2019, at the grounds of the Tokyo Detention House. On June 3, 2019, the unit was awarded the commander's flag by Ministry of Justice Takashi Yamashita. The SeRT allowed the Correction Bureau to have a full-time anti-riot response unit as the CB formerly used temporary anti-riot teams consisting of CB guards and to ensure security of CB-manned correctional facilities. In the aftermath of the 2021 Atami landslide, a rescue operation went underway in Atami, Shizuoka. 19 officers were dispatched to work with Atami City officials and the Atami Police Station on July 18 to provide support in traffic duties and protection of restricted areas. After Typhoon Hagibis made landfall at Izu Peninsula in Shizuoka Prefecture, 13 SeRT officers were deployed to Suzaka, Nagano to provide assistance for waste disposal and provide facility security from October 19 to 23. From October 23, 14 SeRT officers were deployed to the city up to October 27. On December 2, 2021, SeRT has publicly shown a Mazda CX-8 that would serve as a commander vehicle, equipped with red emergency lights, front sensor, radio and loudspeaker microphone. It was previously delivered to the Ministry of Justice in November 2021. Organization SeRT is composed of 56 officers, including the captain in charge. Tasks SeRT is tasked with the following responsibilities: Riots and other serious incidents such as prison breaks and attacks inside prisons, detention centers and juvenile training schools. Anti-terrorist operations against prisons, detention centers and juvenile training schools. Dispatch to disaster areas for humanitarian operations, including operation of emergency shelters. Conduct disaster relief operations in correctional facilities after a tsunami or an earthquake under scale intensity of six or higher. Notes References Prisons in Japan 2019 establishments in Japan Non-military counter-terrorist organizations

69829933

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdynand%20Gr%C3%BCning

Ferdynand Grüning

Ferdynand Grüning (1886 – after August 16, 1939), known as The Łódź Vampire (Polish: Wampir Łodzi), was a Polish serial killer and child rapist who killed three children across Poland from 1926 to 1938 during the Interwar period. He was sentenced to death for his crimes, but due to the outbreak of the Second World War shortly after, it is unknown if this sentence was carried out. Early life Ferdynand Grüning was born in 1886 in Łódź, one of six children born in an ethnic German family who lived on Włodzimierska Street (now Jan Pietrusiński Street). In his youth, he was described as a quiet, calm and orderly child, who had no friends and was considered a loner. While he was taught German at home, he attended a Russian-language school. As he grew older, Grüning started to become violent and throw tantrums at his family, threatening to beat them or gnashing his teeth at them. His behavior worsened after his short stint in the Imperial Russian Army, from which he was expelled, probably due to his sexual tendencies. After returning home, he became even more nervous and refused to work at all. Despite his problems, Grüning married a woman, but the marriage proved to be troubling due to the death of the couple's daughter at birth, as well his alcoholism. Because of this, Grüning eventually abandoned his wife and decided to became an itinerant tinsmith. Over time, it came to be believed that he was forced to marry by his family, while his sisters suspected that he did it in an attempt to find an outlet for his sexual proclivities. According to August Grüning, Ferdynand was imprisoned for raping a 5-year-old named Władysława Jezierska in 1914, but released after the outbreak of the First World War. His freedom did not last long, as he was sentenced to a year of imprisonment for theft. According to prison guards, Grüning a model inmate who behaved in an exemplary manner during his incarceration. Murders In 1926, Grüning was convicted of raping and killing 7-year-old Irena Erentzówna (or Francówna) in the village of Turek, for which he was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Rawicz Prison. In 1932, his sentence was reduced to 12 years following a general amnesty, and two years later, Grüning, who was suffering from an ocular disease he had acquired in prison, was released on medical grounds. On May 30, 1934, Grüning approached a group of boys playing football on the square of Aleksandrowska Street in Zgierz, offering one of them, Tadeusz Kuczyński, to accompany him to a tram where he would offer him some sweets. Kuczyński refused, and so, Grüning instead extended his offer to 11-year-old Józef Chudobiński (or Kłudowiński), offering 50 groszy to buy him some candy. Chudobiński agreed and went with Grüning, but failed to return in the evening, prompting his father to start searching for him. The boy's skeleton was found in a field by a farmer in the village of Piaskowice Pieńki six weeks later. He was identified by a cap with his name and surname etched onto it, bearing the signature "Józef Chudobiński, cl. IV". Despite interacting with the children at the time of the crime, Grüning was not suspected, but was instead imprisoned for an unrelated crime not long after. After spending two years in prison, he was released in 1938. On July 8, 1938, Grüning raped and attempted kill 8-year-old Lucyna Góra in Piotrków Trybunalski, but she managed to escape. When questioned about her injuries, Góra initially claimed that she had hurt herself while riding a bicycle with her "uncle", but later admitted that she was attacked after learning about her assailant's other crimes. On October 17, Grüning arrived in the village of Kościuszko, near Kutno, and visited the mayor, asking for accommodation. While the mayor was referring him to a local villager named Bembnista, two 9-year-old girls came to visit, attracting Grüning's attention. He started a conversation with the pair, suggesting that he could solder pots in their homes. One of the girls, Władysława Bagrowska, agreed to the idea and later led him to her house. Around 7 PM, Grüning visited Bembnista for his overnight stay and washed himself thoroughly. Despite the fact that the host noticed that he was covered in blood, it did not arouse suspicion, as Bembnista believed that he might have cut himself while working. Arrest, trial and fate After his daughter failed to return home, Bagrowska's father went to the mayor to ask for help. Around 10 PM, the two visited Bembnista and asked for the newcomer's whereabouts, with the former replying that he was sleeping in the barn. Upon waking him up, the father demanded to know where his daughter was, but Grüning simply replied that he was "not a guardian of other people's children." After they left, Grüning got up and attempted to clean the bloodied scissors, but was caught by an arriving officer, who also noticed that he had blood on his clothing. After being brought to the police station, Grüning admitted that he had killed Bagrowska and that he had buried her body in a field, whose location he indicated to the investigators. Upon arriving there, the policemen saw that the child's hand was sticking out of the ground and that her clothes were right next to it, with further inspections of the barn revealing dismembered pieces of her corpse in it, right next to where Grüning had slept. When pressed for an explanation, he claimed that he was overcome with a lust for murder. Soon after, he was also linked to the murder and attempted murder from years prior, with which he was all charged. Before his trial began, Grüning was sent for a mental evaluation at two hospital, one in Kochanówka and another in Tworki. In both institutions, he admitted guilt and described his crimes in detail, leading the doctors to conclude that he was sane. His trial took place at the Regional Court of Łódź on February 28, 1939, where crowds of onlookers gathered outside the building during the trial. Throughout the proceedings, Grüning sat on the bench with his head lowered and his eyes staring at the floor, and when he was asked questions, he claimed that he did not know the answers. He also pretended that he did not know his name or whether he was married, and flat out refused to admit responsibility or give explanations for his crimes. Despite his denials, Chudobiński's friends testified before the court and identified him as the mysterious man who had talked to their friend shortly before his abduction; similar testimonies were also given by Lucyna Góra, the family members of other victims and Grüning's own siblings. Due to the nature of his crimes, part of the trial was held in secret. Eventually, he was convicted on all counts, receiving three death sentences for two counts of murder and rape, and the single count of attempted murder. In addition, he was deprived of his rights for life. At the sentencing phase, the court emphasized on Grüning's "lack of human instincts, animalism and cruelty", and upon hearing the sentence, he accepted it calmly and without no apparent emotion. After he was sent to prison, it is unclear whether Grüning's sentence was carried out. The last confirmed fact known about him is that on August 16, 1939, when his brother was being tried for theft, he was registered as still being in prison. Two weeks after that, the Second World War began, and all trace of him after this point is lost. See also List of serial killers by country References 1886 births Year of death unknown 20th-century Polish criminals Polish male criminals Male serial killers Polish serial killers Polish murderers of children Polish people convicted of murder People convicted of murder by Poland People convicted of attempted murder Polish people convicted of rape Polish people convicted of child sexual abuse Polish prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Polish prisoners sentenced to death Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Poland Prisoners sentenced to death by Poland Violence against children Polish people of German descent People from Łódź

69831547

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Bogoso%20explosion

2022 Bogoso explosion

On 20 January 2022, a large explosion occurred along the Tarkwa-Bogoso-Ayamfuri road in Western Region, Ghana, after a truck transporting mining explosives collided with a motorcycle. The explosion levelled the nearby Apiate village, killing 13 people and injuring 200. Explosion The explosion occurred on the Tarkwa-Bogoso-Ayamfuri road on 20 January 2022 after a truck operated by Maxam transporting 10 tons of mining explosives between Tarkwa and Chirano collided head-on with a motorcycle. The motorcycle was then driven over by the truck which was en route to the Kinross Gold-owned Chirano Gold Mine. The collision occurred at around 1:25 pm with the explosion coming about 45 minutes later. Emergency services had not reached the scene before the vehicle exploded. A police spokesman said that the truck was escorted by a Maxam security car in front of it and a police vehicle behind it. The police also stated that the driver of the truck had noticed a fire after the collision and, with the escorting police officer, rushed to alert people nearby to run to safety including a nearby school and petrol station. This account of events was disputed by some locals, who stated that they had not seen any escort vehicles. Many people were nearby taking photographs and videos of the accident when the truck exploded. The blast created a wide crater in the road. The explosion affected the nearby Apiate village. The blast destroyed several buildings and left a large crater in the road. At least 13 people were killed and 200 injured, of whom 45 received in-patient treatment. The National Disaster Management Organization stated that 500 buildings have been damaged in the explosion and some people were trapped by the collapse of structures. Others were damaged by fire in the aftermath of the explosion. At least 380 residents were left without shelter. Around 100 road vehicles were also damaged by the blast. A Power Distribution Services Ghana (PDSG) electricity transformer was located close to the site of the incident and was badly damaged. This and other electricity infrastructure damage cut power to around 30,000 people and would cost more than 1 million Ghanaian cedi to repair. Despite initial reports that he died, the motorcyclist survived the crash and was taken to hospital. The truck driver sustained a deep cut to the head in the accident and was also taken to hospital. The explosive truck's police escort driver was unhurt, though his vehicle was thrown a significant distance by the explosion. Response Ghanaian police and army explosives experts were sent to the scene to avoid the risk of a second explosion. Police requested that local residents "move out of the area to nearby towns for their safety while recovery efforts are under way" and requested that nearby communities "open up their classrooms, churches etc to accommodate surviving victims". Casualties were taken to the nearby Aseda Hospital, as well as a health centre in Bogoso, hospitals in Tarkwa and to the Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital in Takoradi. The Ghana National Fire and Rescue Service brought an excavator to the scene to assist with recovery efforts. PDSG restored power to all affected residents, outside of Apiatse, within 48 hours of the explosion. To prevent fraudulent activities, NADMO set up a 17-member committee, including six people who survived the explosion and are residents of Apeatse, to help in the distribution of relief items. Government The Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources launched the Appiatse Endowment Fund to support people affected by the explosion. Samuel Abu Jinapor claimed its establishment would help in the rebuilding of the community. A five-member committee was launched to check and coordinate materials for rebuilding the community. Fine In February 2022, Africanews reported that Maxam Ghana had agreed to pay a $6 million fine for "breaches regarding the manufacture, storage, and transportation of explosives". Conditions were also set by the Lands minister, Samuel Abu Jinapor that Maxam must meet before their operating permit was restored. See also 2015 Accra explosion Atomic Junction Gas Explosion References 2022 disasters in Africa 2022 in Ghana 2022 road incidents 2020s road incidents in Africa Explosions in 2022 Explosions in Africa January 2022 events in Africa Western Region (Ghana) Road incidents in Ghana

69833142

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Kovacs

Stephen Kovacs

Stephen Matias Kovacs (January 4, 1972 – January 15, 2022) was an American saber fencer and fencing coach. He was a three-time NCAA All American for Columbia University, four-time All-Ivy League, and the first fencer to win four consecutive Intercollegiate Fencing Association championships. As a fencing coach, he then coached at the Pingry School, Princeton Junior School, Stevens Institute of Technology, Duke University, Ridge High School, and private fencing clubs including one that he founded. In October 2021 he was arrested and charged with multiple counts of sexual assault, endangering the welfare of a child, and false swearing, and imprisoned in the Somerset County Jail in Somerville, New Jersey. On October 29, 2021, the United States Center for SafeSport temporarily suspended Kovacs, pending an investigation by it of allegations against him. On January 15, 2022, Kovacs died (aged 50) in Somerset County Jail. His death is being investigated. Early life Kovacs' hometown was Hampton, in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, and he later lived in Clifton, in Passaic County, New Jersey, and in Watchung, in Somerset County, New Jersey. He attended North Hunterdon High School. In 1989, Kovacs won the United States Fencing Association (USFA) Under-17 saber championship, and in 1990 he won the USFA Under-20 (Junior) saber championship. He was coached at the New York Athletic Club by Vasil Etropolski, the 1983 saber world champion from Bulgaria. College career Kovacs then attended Columbia University ('95) in New York City, where he majored in Eastern European History and Economics. There, he fenced for the Columbia Lions fencing team from 1990 to 1994, and was team captain. He overcame a serious fencing injury, after in 1992 suffering a rupture of his Achilles tendon while lunging during a college tournament. In 1994 he became the first fencer to win four consecutive Intercollegiate Fencing Association championships, and came in fourth in the NCAA Saber Championship; Kovacs was also an NCAA First Team All American in 1991, 1993, and 1994, and was four-time First Team All-Ivy League (in 1991–94). In 1994, when he was 22 years old, The New York Times reported that he was thought to have a good shot at making the 1996 US Olympic fencing team. Columbia presented him with its Outstanding Senior Athlete Award and the George Cointe Award for Sportsmanship and Excellence. Kovacs was also part of the New York Athletic Club saber team led by Olympians Paul Friedberg and John Friedberg that won the 1993 USFA saber team championship. Professional career Early in his career Kovacs was a securities trader for Datek Securities/Heartland Securities from 1996 to 1997, Assent LLC from 2008 to 2009, WTS Proprietary Trading Group from 2010 to 2013, and Tradescape/E*TRADE Professional. From 2007 to 2008 Kovacs taught 6th grade Humanities and began his coaching career by coaching fencing at the Pingry School in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township, in Somerset County, New Jersey. He left to work in business on Wall Street. In August 2009 Kovacs was named the head men's fencing coach at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey. The team had a 13–7 record for the season. At the same time, Kovacs served as an assistant saber coach at the New York Athletic Club. In August 2010 Kovacs became an Assistant Fencing Coach at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, a position he held through 2013. There he mentored three-time NCAA women's saber champion Becca Ward. In 2013 he joined the staff of Medeo Fencing Club in Bridgewater, in Somerset County, New Jersey. In 2013–18, Kovacs was also a fifth grade teacher and taught fencing to girls and boys at the Princeton Junior School, in Princeton, in Mercer County, New Jersey. In 2018, Kovacs founded and thereafter owned Kaprica United Fencing Academy in Bound Brook, in Somerset County, New Jersey, where he was head coach. Kovacs was appointed the Ridge High School head boys’ fencing coach by the Bernards Township School District on November 11, 2019, for a salary of $8,542. The school is in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township, in Somerset County, New Jersey. The boys and girls fencing teams practice together and go to meets together. In January 2020 the boys team won the overall title in the Cetrullo Tournament, New Jersey's most important regular-season tournament. He was head coach through February 2021. A number of fencers on the school team attended the nearby Kaprica Fencing Academy, which Kovacs owned and where he was head coach. Arrests and SafeSport suspension Arrests On October 13, 2021, Kovacs was arrested at the Somerset County (New Jersey) Prosecutor’s Office by detectives from the Bridgewater Township Sex Crimes/Child Abuse Unit for allegedly sexually assaulting two teenagers. His encounters with both teenagers took place in his capacity as a fencing coach, within Bridgewater Township in Somerset County. A 16-year-old girl reported being sexually assaulted by Kovacs in Bridgewater multiple times in August and September 2021. An affidavit of probable cause filed by police in support of charges against Kovacs said that he first preyed on teens while on long-distance trips with them for competitions. The affidavit said that Kovacs assaulted the 16-year-old in May 2019, at a competition in Salt Lake City, Utah that due to its distance from New Jersey required an overnight stay. It said that she reported that on three occasions in August 2021, Kovacs picked her up at her home and then drove her to a parking lot in Bridgewater to sexually assault her. In September 2021, Kovacs was "provided temporary shelter" at the girl’s Somerset County home for five nights. On at least three of those nights, Kovacs allegedly sexually assaulted her. He also allegedly sexually assaulted her in Bound Brook days later. Soon after, Kovacs informed SafeSport that he had an inappropriate relationship with a minor. Kovacs also emailed the girl’s parents, telling them he planned to "sell his business and leave," so that they "would not have to worry about him anymore." In addition, a 19-year-old female teenager reported being sexually assaulted by Kovacs in Bridgewater multiple times from January to December 2020, when she was 18 years old. The affidavit said that Kovacs assaulted her first in April 2019, at a competition in Europe that required an overnight stay. She also said Kovacs sent her a sexually explicit video in January 2020, that showed him viewing her SnapChat account. The teen also said Kovacs sexually assaulted her multiple times during the year in Bound Brook. Kovacs was charged with two counts of 2nd degree sexual assault and two counts of 3rd degree endangering the welfare of a child, and imprisoned in the Somerset County Jail in Somerville, New Jersey, pending a bail detention hearing. On October 19, Kovacs was released from jail as a result of his detention hearing. However, three days after he was released, on October 22, a follow-up investigation determined that Kovacs had given false statements under oath during his detention hearing. Consequently, at his home Kovacs was arrested again. He was charged with felony 4th degree false swearing, and incarcerated once again in the Somerset County Jail, pending a detention hearing. SafeSport suspension As early as September 2021, Kovacs had reported himself to the United States Center for SafeSport, informing them that he had an inappropriate relationship with a minor. SafeSport had been set up under the auspices of the Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017, and is charged with addressing the problem of sexual abuse of minors and amateur athletes in sport. Its primary responsibility is to review allegations of sexual misconduct, and to impose sanctions--up to banning a person for their lifetime from involvement in all Olympic sports. On October 29, 2021, SafeSport temporarily suspended Kovacs, pending an investigation by it of allegations against Kovacs. Death in jail On January 15, 2022, Kovacs died (aged 50) in Somerset County Jail. An investigation has been initiated. His death is being investigated by the Morris County (New Jersey) Prosecutor's Office, to avoid any potential appearance of a conflict of interest. The New Jersey Office of Public Integrity and Accountability, which reports to the New Jersey Attorney General, will support and review the results of the investigation. Personal life As of 2013, Kovacs was married and had two children. See also Jeffrey Epstein, died in prison as he awaited trial for alleged sexual abuse of young females Larry Nassar, sexually abused young female athletes Ivan Pravilov, coach died in prison as he awaited trial for alleged sexual abuse of young teenager he coached References 1972 births 2022 deaths American fencing coaches American male sabre fencers Columbia University alumni Columbia Lions fencers North Hunterdon High School alumni People from Hampton, New Jersey Sportspeople from Hunterdon County, New Jersey Sportspeople from Clifton, New Jersey People from Watchung, New Jersey Sportspeople from Somerset County, New Jersey Stevens Tech Ducks coaches Duke Blue Devils coaches People charged with perjury People charged with sex crimes Child sexual abuse in the United States Child abuse incidents and cases Prisoners who died in New Jersey detention Crime in New Jersey Sexual assaults in the United States Sexual misconduct allegations Sports controversies Sports scandals in the United States Violence against children

69833806

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20South%20Wales%20Police%20Force%20strip%20search%20scandal

New South Wales Police Force strip search scandal

The New South Wales Police Force strip search scandal refers to an ongoing policing scandal surrounding the routine and arbitrary use of strip searches by members of the New South Wales Police Force. Particular concern has centred around the use of strip searches "in the field", the term used by NSW Police to refer to the practice of conducting strip searches outside of a police station. Following the introduction of a controversial law in 2001, police in New South Wales were given the power to deploy specially trained drug detection dogs at large scale public events, licensed venues and on selected routes across Sydney's public transport network. A comprehensive review published by the New South Wales Ombudsman in 2006 identified a number of issues relating to their use, including civil liberties concerns, false positives and low rates of accuracy. The report noted that during a two-year period between February 2002 and February 2004, NSW Police had conducted 10,211 personal searches resulting from positive drug detection dog indications. Most of those searches had either been a pat down or a search of a person's belongings, however in several cases, officers had made the decision to proceed to a strip search. The Ombudsman stressed that such incidents were rare at the time. As early as 2010, initial reports began appearing online alleging that NSW Police were routinely using indications from drug detection dogs as a justification for conducting strip searches. Since that time, the practice has been documented through various news reports and firsthand accounts published on social media. Particular controversy has surrounded the use of strip searches at large scale public events such as music festivals in New South Wales, where in the aftermath of a drug detection dog indication, patrons will typically be escorted to a fenced off compound inside the venue. Inside these compounds, NSW Police have employed the use of structures such as ticket booths, tents, makeshift partitions and police vans to conduct both strip searches and less invasive general searches. In cases where a strip search has been conducted, patrons have recalled being asked to lift their breasts or genitals, bend over, spread their buttocks, squat and in some cases cough while either partially or completely naked. Many have described these incidents as humiliating, embarrassing and degrading, with some alleging that they were crying while a search was being performed or began to do so shortly after a search had been conducted. Separate reports have documented similar incidents taking place at train stations and licensed venues across New South Wales, where police have reportedly employed the use of public toilets or other private spaces to perform strip searches during drug detection dog operations. Statistical data obtained from NSW Police shows that in the six-year period between July 1 of 2014 and June 30 of 2020, officers had conducted 27835 strip searches 'in the field'. Of that number, 5659 were recorded as having taken place in the aftermath of positive drug detection dog indications, with the same figures revealing that an additional 63302 general searches resulting from the use of the dogs had also been carried out during this period. At the Splendour in the Grass music festival in July 2018, it was revealed that over the course of two days, officers had carried out 512 personal searches, with 143 of those searches being strip searches. More than 90% of strip searches conducted at the event had resulted in no illicit substances being found. In October 2018, the state's newly established police watchdogthe Law Enforcement Conduct Commissionannounced plans to launch a formal investigation into the use of strip searches by NSW Police, citing complaints from members of the public and wider community concerns surrounding the practice. A final report handed down in December 2020 noted that "a recurrent issue throughout the Inquiry was the failure of officers to comply with, or at least to properly account for their compliance with, the legal thresholds for conducting a strip search". The Commission also noted that there had been a "significant increase" in the "number and proportion" of strip searches carried out following drug detection dog indications in the five years between 2014 and 2019. Figures published in the report showed a marked reduction in the number of strip searches conducted in the field during the first half of 2020, a change that was largely attributed to the cancellation of music festivals in New South Wales due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Background Drug policy in New South Wales was a contentious political issue throughout the 1990s. Findings handed down by the Wood Royal Commission into Police Corruption in 1997 noted that a significant amount of the corruption uncovered throughout the inquiry had been "connected to drug law enforcement". The Commission had exposed "systematic and entrenched" corruption within the New South Wales Police Service (later changed to New South Wales Police in 2002 before being renamed the New South Wales Police Force in 2006) across a number of areas, uncovering cases of bribery, assault, evidence tampering and other misconduct, including instances where officers were found to have participated in the supply of drugs or had been involved with drug dealers. At the conclusion of the inquiry, adverse findings were made against 284 officers, seven of whom were later jailed. In his final report, Justice Wood expressed the opinion that a criminal approach to drug use in New South Wales had enabled police corruption, suggesting the formation of a national commission or summit to discuss alternative approaches, citing the need for a "meaningful strategy" to "address the problems of drug supply, use, and rehabilitation". In 1999, a week-long drug summit was convened at Parliament House by newly re-elected Premier Bob Carr. In July 2000, an upper house inquiry was launched in response to the ongoing issue of drugs and organised crime in the Southwestern Sydney suburb of Cabramatta. In March 2001, the Premier announced a suite of new measures aimed at addressing the situation, including the deployment of additional police resources and a team of drug detection dogs to the area. As part of the security operation in place for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, the NSW Police Dog Unit had taken delivery of an additional 30 sniffer dogs, with many being repurposed as drug detection dogs at the conclusion of the event. By the time of the Premier's announcement in March, a group of 14 specially trained drug detection dogs had entered service with NSW Police for general duties policing, with aim of targeting "street-level drug dealing across Sydney entertainment areas and at music festivals". Despite the absence of legislation governing their use, by early 2001, NSW Police had routinely begun deploying the dogs at a variety of locations across the state, including clubs, licensed venues and public transport precincts. In one operation carried out in October, "more than 1000" nightclub patrons were searched during coordinated raids involving an estimated 300 officers and nine drug detection dogs. These operations drew criticism from a number of community organisations and civil liberties groups, including the NSW Council for Civil Liberties, the AIDS Council of New South Wales and Redfern Legal Centre. In opposing their use, Redfern Legal Centre assisted in the preparation of several test cases aimed at challenging the legality of drug detection dog operations in the state's courts. In one such case (Police v Darby), a man had been charged with possession of cannabis and methamphetamine after being stopped by a drug detection dog in February earlier that year. At a hearing in November, a Local Court Magistrate dismissed the charges, ruling that the act of the dog "nuzzling" and "sniffing" the man constituted an unlawful search. Responding to the Court's decision in Darby, on November 27, Opposition Leader Kerry Chikarovski introduced a bill aimed at clarifying the powers available to police in relation to drug detection dogs. The proposed legislation was not supported by the government. On December 6, newly appointed Police Minister Michael Costa introduced his own bill, similar to the one which had been put forward by the Opposition Leader. "The bill is aimed primarily at detecting and prosecuting persons committing offences relating to the supply of prohibited drugs and plants. ... It is clear that the activity envisaged is drug dealing" he said in relation to the proposed legislation. On his first day as Police Minister on November 21, Costa had declared his support for the use of drug detection dogs in New South Wales, promising "to make lawful the use of drug sniffer dogs in random street searches if current legislation proved to be flawed". Despite opposition from some crossbench MPs, the bill passed with bipartisan support. The new legislation, the Police Powers (Drug Detection Dogs) Act 2001, gave NSW Police the power to deploy drug detection dogs at major public events, licensed venues and on selected routes across Sydney's public transport network. 2006 Ombudsman's Report (drug detection dogs) Conditional to the passage of the Police Powers (Drug Detection Dogs) Act 2001, New South Wales Ombudsman Bruce Barbour was given the task of overseeing initial drug detection dog operations carried out under the legislation, with a report to be tabled to the Attorney General and Commissioner of Police at the conclusion of a two-year review period. In a final 400-page report handed down in June 2006, the Ombudsman criticised the use of drug detection dogs in New South Wales, describing them as an "ineffective tool" for catching drug dealers and questioning whether the legislation governing their use should be "retained at all". A key issue identified in the report were the low number of instances where illicit substances had been found in the aftermath of positive drug detection dog indications. Between February 2002 and February 2004, NSW Police had conducted 10,211 personal searches resulting from the use of the dogs. Of that number, 74% (7547) had resulted in no drugs being found, while in the 26% (2664) of cases where illicit substances were recovered, only 141 incidents (1.38%) had been recorded as involving a traffickable or "deemed supply" quantity of drugs (the amount required to necessitate a drug supply charge in New South Wales). On the basis of these findings, the Ombudsman recommended that police guidelines be amended to remove suggestions that officers have a "reasonable suspicion to search a person based solely on a drug detection dog indication". In addition to low detection rates, the report had also identified a number of other concerns relating to the use of drug detection dogs in New South Wales, including civil liberties infringements, negative public perception and complaints of humiliation and embarrassment from members of the public who had been wrongly searched by police In December 2005, the standalone Police Powers (Drug Detection Dogs) Act 2001 was repealed, with the powers given to police under the legislation instead being incorporated into sections 145 through 150 of the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002. In 2012, NSW Police were given expanded powers allowing for the deployment of drug detection dogs at tattoo parlours, all public areas within the Kings Cross precinct and across the entirety of the Sydney Trains network. 2009 Ombudsman's report (Law Enforcement Powers and Responsibilities Act) Acting on recommendations made by the Wood Royal Commission in 1997, the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 - commonly referred to as LEPRA, was passed by New South Wales Parliament as a means of consolidating police powers into a single piece of legislation. As part of this process, the New South Wales Ombudsman was tasked with monitoring the use of certain functions under the act when it came into effect in December 2005. Following a two-year review, a provisional report was released by Ombudsman Bruce Barbour in 2007, with a final report being handed down in February 2009. In accordance with legislative provisions set out under LEPRA, the report focused primarily on three key areas of policing – the establishment of crime scenes, notices to produce documents and safeguards relating to personal searches. In relation to personal searches, the report made a total of 33 recommendations aimed at improving current police practices, including several pertaining to the use of strip searches by NSW Police. The report called on Parliament to review the practice of officers asking a person to squat, while also requesting that Section 32 of LEPRA be amended to better define the term "genital area" as it applied to the legislation. In making his recommendations, the Ombudsman made reference to the findings of a 2007 survey of Local and Children's Court attendees, some of whom had been strip searched by police in custody, as well as several case studies relating to complaints from members of the public and police operations which had been observed by the Ombudsman's office. 2013 statutory review and changes to LEPRA In accordance with provisions set out under LEPRA, both the Attorney General and Minister for Police were required to complete a statutory review of the legislation. Four years after the release of the Ombudsman's 2009 report, the findings of a joint review undertaken by the Attorney General's Department and Ministry for Police and Emergency Services were tabled to Parliament. The review served as the government's official response to the Ombudsman's 2009 recommendations and drew heavily on the findings of a second review undertaken by former shadow Attorney General Andrew Tink and former Police Minister Andrew Whelan. This second review had been commissioned by then Premier Barry O'Farrell in October 2013. Recommendations that Parliament should consider defining the term 'genital area' for the purposes of a search and review the practice of officers asking persons to squat were "considered" by the government but ultimately "not supported". The review did however support the removal of the existing categories of "frisk" and "ordinary" searches under LEPRA in favour of a simplified two-tiered system consisting of strip searches and what were later referred to as "general searches". An amended version of LEPRA was passed in June 2014. Early incidents and first media reports Statistics published by the New South Wales Ombudsman in 2009 revealed that in 2006 and 2007, NSW Police had carried out a combined total of 613 strip searches 'in the field', with the earliest available data pertaining to strip searches resulting from drug detection dog indications revealing that in 2009, 556 searches were conducted, with an additional 2945 searches being carried over the next four years. Despite the figures, few of these incidents were publicly reported and media coverage of the issue was limited at the time. The first recorded mention of the practice appeared in a post uploaded to Reddit in January 2010. In that instance, a commuter recalled being strip searched at Redfern Train Station after an indication from a drug detection dog, alleging that he was taken into a public toilet with three officers and made to remove his clothes, lift his penis and spread his buttocks apart. No illicit substances were reportedly found by police. In January 2012, the Hack program on Triple J broadcast a half-hour special discussing the presence of drug detection dogs at music festivals in New South Wales and other Australian states. The program heard from a number of callers who had been strip searched in the aftermath of positive drug detection dog indications, though many admitted to having small quantities of drugs in their possession at the time. The use of the dogs was also a contentious issue at the at the 2013 Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras, which was overshadowed by allegations of police brutality. Dozens of complaints had been lodged with organisers in the weeks following the event, including some from revelers who had allegedly been subjected to unlawful strip searches. Speaking to news.com.au, a 53-year-old man said he was left feeling "humiliated" after being made to remove his pants and underwear at a Mardi Gras afterparty celebration at Sydney's Royal Botanic Garden. A civil suit launched by the 53-year-old was later settled for an undisclosed amount. A number of incidents from this period have also been discussed in later media reports. An article uploaded to music industry website HowlandEchoes in 2015 featured an account from a performer who had allegedly been strip searched by police at the Parklife Music Festival in Sydney in 2011. A drug detection dog had reportedly taken an interest in the woman's bag, at which point she recalled, "a cop took me into a prison wagon and made me strip naked, squat... the whole nine-yards. I'd started crying in my show make-up, angry and humiliated that somehow I had no consent in this process. She tried to make small talk with me while my clothes were in a pile against the bars and I'm barefoot on the well-trodden muddy floor". No drugs were reportedly found and the woman said she was left feeling "shaken" after the experience. 2014 Rising numbers and increased media coverage In late 2014, several media outlets began publishing firsthand accounts from members of the public who had allegedly been strip searched by NSW Police. Many of those searches had reportedly taken place in the aftermath of positive drug detection dog indications at music festivals across the state. Speaking to Vice in September, one 23-year-old man said:"It happens at festivals all the time. They've got booths set up to strip search you. It's basically a known thing that where there's sniffer dogs, they'll be strip searches as well".Recalling an incident he had witnessed at a music festival, drug educator Paul Dillon, Director of Drug and Alcohol Training and Research Australia (DARTA) said:"I can remember one girl who was totally traumatised by the experience" ... "She'd been strip searched and was mortified. The girl had no drugs on her, was not a drug user, but had been through a very traumatic experience". Police figures published by The Sydney Morning Herald in December revealed that the number of strip searches resulting from positive drug detection dog indications had increased 32% in New South Wales since 2009, rising from 556 to 735. Speaking to The Project that month, a 24-year-old man recalled being strip searched at Redfern Train Station after an indication from a drug detection dog. "Well basically they just take all of your clothes off, they strip you down" ... "it's quite a degrading process", he said. "You actually get told to squat and you actually get told to cough". The following year in September, a caller to the Hack Program on Triple J claimed he had been subjected to a similar search at the same event. "I was searched at Stereosonic 2014. I had to do some very embarrassing things like take all my clothes off, then I was asked to bend over and squat, then I was actually asked to lift my testicles and my shaft and separate them in case I was hiding anything there and pull back my foreskin". In September 2014, a festivalgoer from the United States alleged that a friend had been made to undergo a strip search while attending the Defqon music festival in Sydney's West that month. Writing on Reddit, the man said that he and his friends were preparing to enter the event when a member of the group was singled out and led away by officers. The man had reportedly been stopped by a drug detection dog. When he returned, it's alleged that the man was visibly upset, telling the group that that he had been asked to strip naked and bend over while the search was carried out. A 23-year-old medical student who was attending the same event that year recalled being subjected to a similar search in an interview with Buzzfeed News in June 2015. The man claimed that he had been stopped at the entrance of the festival when a drug detection dog began "sniffing around his feet". After being taken to a police search area, which he described as a "tent with makeshift cubicles made out of security fencing", the 23-year-old recalled being initially instructed to remove his shoes and empty his bag and pockets before being asked to take off his clothes, alleging that officers then told him to "drop your daks" and "pick up your balls and move them to one side". The 23-year-old was later released when no drugs were found, telling Buzzfeed that the experience was "embarrassing and humiliating". Launch of Sniff Off Facebook page In 2011, a campaign opposing the use of drug detection dogs was launched by New South Wales Greens MP David Shoebridge in collaboration with the NSW Young Greens. As part of the campaign, a Facebook page was created in October 2014 allowing members of the public to report drug detection dog sightings in the community. The information is then shared with followers of the page. Speaking about the use of drug detection dogs in 2014, Shoebridge said, "Where have we got to in this state when police are routinely stripping people down, getting them to squat naked over a mirror and then staring up their backsides, on the basis of a drug dog indication that is wrong two thirds of the time?" 2015 Police data for the 2015-16 financial year showed that officers had performed 5082 strip searches in the field during this period, with separate figures revealing that 629 strip searches resulting from positive drug detection dog indications had been carried out during the 2015 calendar year. 2016 Figures for the 2016–17 financial year showed that NSW Police had conducted 4429 strip searches in the field during this period, with separate data revealing that officers had performed 590 strip searches resulting from drug detection dog indications during the 2016 calendar year. 2017 Appointment of new police commissioner In February 2017, it was announced that NSW Police Commissioner Andrew Scipione would be stepping down after close to 10 years in the role. Following a brief selection process, Assistant Commissioner Mick Fuller was chosen as his replacement. Fuller had previously occupied a number of senior roles within NSW Police and was serving as Commander of the Central Metropolitan Region before his appointment to the role. He was sworn in as Commissioner on March 31, 2017. Changes to police oversight In November 2015, then Police Minister Troy Grant announced proposed changes to the existing police oversight framework in New South Wales. The announcement came in response to the findings of a commissioned review carried out by former Shadow Attorney General Andrew Tink. Under the new arrangement, the state's three existing police oversight bodies - the Police Integrity Commission, the Police and Compliance Branch of the New South Wales Ombudsman's Office and the Inspector of the NSW Crime Commission - would be dissolved, instead being replaced by a single agency, which would be referred to as the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission (LECC). In September 2016, acting New South Wales Ombudsman John McMillan warned that the new police watchdog would have "inferior" powers, eluding to the fact that the LECC would be limited to investigating incidents involving "serious misconduct and serious maladministration" and would be operating with a reduced budget. Despite these concerns, legislation approving the formation of the LECC was passed by Parliament in November 2016, with the organisation formally commencing operations on July 1 of 2017. In November 2019, LECC Chief Commissioner Michael Adams raised concerns about the Commission's ability to investigate complaints of police misconduct. Writing in the organisation's annual report, Adams revealed that only 2% of the 2,547 complaints assessed by the LECC in 2018-19 had been fully investigated, likening the situation to "drinking from a firehose". Earlier in 2018, Adams warned that the Commission had been forced to ignore complaints due to an "insufficient budget" and a "continued increasing workload". Doubling in the number of strip searches resulting from drug detection dog indications Data obtained from NSW Police under Freedom of Information laws showed that the number of strip searches carried out following drug detection dog indications had more than doubled between 2016 and 2017, rising from 590 to 1,124. Responding to questions from NSW Greens MP David Shoebridge at a Parliamentary Budget Estimates hearing in 2018, Police Commissioner Mick Fuller denied suggestions that there had been any change in policy leading to the increased figures. The trend reflected a broader increase in the use of strip searches by NSW Police, with figures obtained in December 2018 revealing that the number of strip searches conducted by officers in the field had risen almost 47 percent in the four years between 2014–15 and 2017–18, rising from 3,735 to 5,483. 2018 Venue ban policy In the days leading up to a live performance by British electronic dance trio Above and Beyond at Sydney Showground in June 2018, NSW Police announced a controversial new policy which would see ticketholders denied entry to the event following a drug detection dog indication, even in cases where a person was not found to be in possession of any illicit substances. The move was met with criticism online, with some legal experts questioning whether the proposed decision to deny entry to patrons was unlawful. Writing on Twitter, former Australian Border Force Commissioner Roman Quaedvlieg labelled the move "extraordinary". "Festival drugs are risky granted but a person can have minute drug traces from handling cash, infused into garment fabric etc," he said. "Using an 'indication', as they call it, to ban entry into a social event is too much". A similar policy had reportedly been enforced at two hardstyle dance events earlier in the year. Both events had also been held at Sydney Showground. Speaking to The Sydney Morning Herald in 2019, one woman said she was left feeling "scared" and "completely helpless" after being made to strip naked in front of two female police officers inside a booth at the event. The woman had allegedly been the victim of a sexual assault and said being strip searched was a "refresher" of the incident. It was also reported that NSW Police had denied entry to ticketholders at the "A State of Trance" music festival in April. Speaking to the ABC in June, promoter Richie McNeill estimated that "about 40 people" were turned away from the event after being stopped by a drug detection dog. McNeill's company, Hardware Corp, was also responsible for organising the upcoming Above and Beyond performance at Sydney Showground that weekend. When asked about the proposed decision to deny entry to patrons, McNeill acknowledged that his company had given police approval for the plan. "We have to or there's no event basically" he said. Shortly after the announcement was made, a crowdfunded attempt to secure an injunction was launched by the NSW Greens in the state's Supreme Court. The move was unsuccessful, with presiding Justice Michael Pembroke ruling that the court was unable to make decisions based on hypotheticals. Despite opposition, the police operation at the Above and Beyond performance went ahead as planned on June 9. Reporters covering the event at Sydney Showground spoke to a number of patrons who had been strip searched by officers before being ejected from the venue. One woman told SBS News she was made to "strip and squat" after a positive indication from a drug detection dog, while another woman recalled having to squat naked inside a booth after police witnessed her handing a fifty-dollar note to her boyfriend. Neither woman was reportedly carrying any illicit drugs. In an unusual move, NSW Police declined to issue a media release after the event, with Greens MP David Shoebridge suggesting that an earlier backlash surrounding the decision to deny entry to patrons may have prompted the decision. Shoebridge told news.com.au that his office had been contacted by six attendees who were denied entry to Sydney Showground after being searched by police. It's alleged that each person had been stopped by a drug detection dog and none were found in possession of any illicit drugs. It remains unclear how many people ejected from the venue during the operation. Shortly after the event, photos were circulated on social media from an Above and Beyond attendee who claimed to have been issued with a ban notice prohibiting entry to the Sydney Olympic Park precinct for 6 months. Speaking to the Hack Program on Triple J, the man said he had been stopped by a drug detection dog before being strip searched by officers. Responding to questions from news.com.au, a spokesperson for NSW Police rejected suggestions that the man had been banned from Sydney Olympic Park on the basis of the drug detection dog indication, instead citing "offensive behaviour" while also claiming that the man had tried to enter the event without a ticket. A Sniff Off volunteer who was present at the Above and Beyond performance contested those claims, instead suggesting that the notice had been issued after the man and his four friends began arguing with the officers who had conducted the search. Despite controversy surrounding the practice, NSW Police continued to issue ban notices to patrons at subsequent music festivals. In a viral post uploaded to Facebook in March 2019, a 19-year-old woman recalled being made to strip naked inside a booth at the Hidden music festival at Sydney Olympic Park after being stopped by a drug detection dog. The woman was reportedly banned from the venue for 6 months despite no drugs being found The issue of ban notices being issued to music festival patrons was discussed by the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission in its final report on the use of strip searches by NSW Police handed down in December 2020. The Commission had been made aware of several cases where festivalgoers had been banned from Sydney Olympic Park after being strip searched by officers, despite no drugs being found during those searches. The bans had been issued under the Sydney Olympic Park Regulation, state legislation governing the powers given to the Sydney Olympic Park Authority. Under the act, the Authority "may ban a person from entering any part of Sydney Olympic Park for any period (not exceeding 6 months) determined by the Authority if the person contravenes any provision of this Regulation". While the act entitles police to exercise the powers of the Authority, the Commission expressed concerns about the use of the legislation to issue bans to music festival patrons, suggesting it was unlikely that every person banned by police had breached provisions under the act. In June 2020, the Commission was advised that by NSW Police that officers would discontinue the practice of issuing ban notices to festival patrons attending events at Sydney Olympic Park, citing legal advice which had received in relation to the practice. Attalla v State of NSW and release of internal police report In May 2018, a civil court judgement was handed down in the case of a 53-year man who had been strip searched by police after being arrested in 2015. Steven Attalla had been sitting in front of a church in Darlinghurst in the early hours of March 24 when he was approached by three police officers. After claiming she suspected he was in possession of illicit drugs, one of the officers informed the man that he was going to be searched. When the 53-year-old refused, he was arrested and transported to Kings Cross police station, where he was made to "strip to a naked state, lift his genitals and squat" in front of two male officers. The 53-year-old described the experience as "humiliating" and "outrageous". No drugs were found and he was subsequently issued a court attendance for hindering police. The charge was later dropped. In handing down his ruling, presiding Justice Phillip Taylor found that the officers involved had acted with "an almost reckless indifference", describing the strip search as an "invasive power without the slightest justification" before awarding the man just over $112,000 in damages plus legal costs. The incident was later the subject of an investigation by the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission, who in May 2020 found that the officer who had ordered that the 53-year-old be strip searched had engaged in "serious misconduct". The Court's ruling was mentioned in a leaked internal report published by NSW Police in November 2018. The report, which had been prepared by the Force's Lessons Learned Unit, acknowledged that officers had routinely been failing to adhere to legal requirements when conducting strip searches, stating that "there is both a lack of compliance and a lack of consistent application when it comes to the exercise of police powers for the purposes of a strip-search". In a bid to remind officers of their legal obligations in relation to the practice, a number of training materials including video packages, "step-by-step instructional stickers" and "educational screen savers" had been prepared by the Lessons Learned Unit. The report also noted an increase in civil litigation which had been brought against NSW Police in relation to strip searches since 2013, describing it as an "organisational risk". Safe and Sound campaign Prompted by a rise in the number of strip searches being performed by NSW Police, it was announced in December 2018 that Redfern Legal Centre would be launching a public campaign aimed at raising awareness of the issue and pushing for a change in the law. "The law in NSW governing the use of strip searches is vague and legalistic, making it susceptible to wide interpretation. This campaign aims to improve the law and procedures to ensure better safeguards for the public and improve guidance for police" said Samantha Lee, Police Powers Solicitor at Redfern Legal Centre. "Our service has been contacted by many people subjected to strip searches, who were left feeling humiliated, scared and traumatised. Worst of all, nothing was found on them and police failed to follow correct legal procedure". 2019 Hidden Festival incident In a viral post uploaded to Facebook, a 19-year-old woman recalled being left "humiliated and embarrassed" after allegedly being strip searched by police at the Hidden music festival at Sydney Olympic Park on March 2. The 19-year-old had reportedly been re-entering the event with a friend when she was approached by two police officers with drug detection dogs. "They just stopped me without any reason really I hadn't seen the dogs react or sit and they just told me that I had been detected and that I had follow them". After being taken to a police search area inside the venue, the 19-year-old said she was taken into a booth with a female officer, who then instructed her to remove her clothing. "She stood in front of me, asked to check my things, asked to check my shoes and then told me to take off my top and then take off my skirt and my underwear and then to squat and cough" she recalled while speaking to the Hack program on Triple J in August. No drugs were reportedly found and it's alleged that the door of the booth was left open while the search was being conducted. "Not only did I see other people being searched, during my search the door was left half open and only blocked by the small female cop. I could easily see outside, which means that attendees and the male cops outside could have easily seen in as well". It's alleged that police continued to question the 19-year-old after the search had taken place. After being detained for "over an hour", the woman was reportedly ejected from the event and issued a ban notice prohibiting entry to Sydney Olympic Park for 6 months, with officers allegedly citing intoxication as the reason for issuing the ban. A complaint made to NSW Police by the woman's mother was later the subject of a wider internal investigation undertaken by officers from the Force's Professional Standards Command, which was overseen by the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission. In findings handed down in July 2020, police investigators found that there was "insufficient lawful basis" for the strip search conducted on the 19-year-old or the 6 month ban notice that was issued at the event. The report recommended that "sustained" findings be made against two officers in relation to the ban notice. An article published by The Guardian in June earlier that year revealed that one of those officers had since resigned, while another had been "counselled by a senior officer and referred for additional training". It was unclear if any disciplinary action had  been taken in relation to the strip search, however the Commission did recommend that NSW Police consider issuing an apology to the woman. University of New South Wales report In August 2019, a comprehensive report examining the use of strip searches by NSW Police was released by University of New South Wales Law Academics Dr. Vicki Sentas and Dr. Michael Grewcock. The report had been commissioned by Redfern Legal Centre as part of its ongoing "Safe and Sound" Campaign. Key findings highlighted by the authors included a significant increase in the use of strip searches by NSW Police, with the report noting "an almost twentyfold increase in less than 12 years", referring to police figures which showed that "strip searches were used 277 times in the 12 months to 30 November 2006 compared to 5483 in the 12 months to 30 June 2018". The use of drug detection dogs, particularly at major events such as music festivals, was identified as a driving factor behind the increase. The authors also drew attention to the low number of criminal charges resulting from strip searches carried out by NSW Police. Figures for the 2017-18 financial year showed that during this period, 30% of strip searches conducted in the field had resulted in charges being laid. Of those charges, 82% related to drug possession, 16.5% related to drug supply and the remaining 1.5% related to weapons offences. The report made 12 recommendations aimed at improving current strip search practices employed by NSW Police, including changes to LEPRA to better define what constitutes a search, as well as calling for an end to what the authors described as "deeply humiliating" practices such as asking a person to bend over or squat. Festival deaths inquest In July 2019, the Coroners Court of New South Wales opened a joint inquest into the deaths of six music festival patrons who had died after consuming fatal quantities of MDMA at separate events between December 2017 and January 2019. The inquest would seek to examine the circumstances surrounding the deaths of 18-year-old Nathan Tran, 19-year-old Alex Ross-King, 22-year-old Joshua Tam, 19-year-old Callum Brosnan, 21-year-old Diana Nguyen and 23-year-old Joseph Pham. Overseeing the inquest was NSW Deputy State Coroner Harriet Grahame. Initial public evidence hearings began on July 8, with an additional set of hearings taking place in September later that year. Over the course of 16 days, the Court heard evidence from multiple witnesses, including police and medical professionals, as well as event staff and festival attendees. Key areas of focus throughout the inquest were drug education, policing strategies and the adequacy of resources and onsite medical services at each of the events. One particular area of concern for the Court were the circumstances surrounding the death of 18-year-old Nathan Tran, who died in hospital after consuming after a fatal dose of MDMA at the Knockout Circuz music festival in 2017. Tran was seen behaving erratically before falling and hitting his head inside the venue, reportedly becoming distressed and combative when event medical staff attempted to treat him. Multiple police and security personnel were required to restrain the 18-year-old before transporting him to a medical tent inside the venue. These events had been captured on CCTV. One witness called to give evidence in the matter was a 28-year-old woman who was also attending the Knockout Circuz music festival that day. The woman, whose name was suppressed by the Court, had reportedly witnessed police and security personnel attempting to restrain Tran while he was on the ground. As she was being questioned, the woman was asked by Counsel Assisting the Coroner Dr. Peggy Dwyer if she still attended music festivals in New South Wales. When asked why she didn't, the woman cried as she recalled having to strip naked in front of a female policer officer at the Knockout Circuz music festival earlier that day. The 28-year-old had reportedly been stopped by a drug detection dog at the entrance of the event, at which point she was allegedly taken to a booth, which she described as a "metal room", where a female officer had instructed her to remove her clothes. The officer had reportedly threatened to make the search "nice and slow" if the woman failed to produce any drugs. It was also alleged that the door of the booth had been opened while the woman was still naked. Speaking about the incident, the 28-year-old said that the experience made her feel "like a criminal", telling the Court that, "you're naked ... the way I was spoken to, [it was] like I'd done something wrong". The woman had also reportedly been strip searched by police at a separate event, with no drugs being found on either occasion. Responding to the 28 year old's comments, the coroner said that the police prescense at a music festival she attended earlier in the year had also made her feel "nervous". Ms. Grahame had been attending the Show Your True Colours music festival at Sydney Olympic Park in June at the invitation of event organisers. "There was just lines and lines of police and dogs ... I was surprised how intense it was" she recalled. At a Parliamentary Budget Estimates hearing in August, NSW Police Commissioner Mick Fuller was asked about the allegations put forward by the 28-year-old. Responding to questions from NSW Greens MP David Shoebridge, Fuller criticised woman's comments, suggesting it was a "disgrace" that he was being held to account on the testimony of a "secret witness". "By a lady who turns up, the counsel assisting police were given no warning, turns up, no name, no address, nothing to us? A secret witness. Why did they keep that person secret?" Fuller said. "I think it's poor practice if this is going to be the way forward in coronials, that mystery witnesses turn up and sit behind a veil of anonymity and they're not held to account. It's a disgrace in a democracy". When the inquest resumed in September, Dr. Dwyer drew attention to the Commissioner's comments, stating that the woman's full name had been made available to all parties who were present at the hearing, including NSW Police. She pointed out that the Commissioner's barrister had personally questioned the woman and had also been provided with her "non-existent" criminal history, as well as an opportunity to conduct background checks. "She was giving evidence about the death of Nathan Tran and in giving her answers, she rather spontaneously revealed she didn't go to festivals anymore because of the strip search incident" Dr. Dwyer told the Court. "Unfortunately, the police commissioner misunderstood the circumstances of that evidence". It was later reported that the Commissioner had withdrawn his remarks. Coroner's final report and recommendations A final report from the inquest was handed down by Deputy State Coroner Harriet Grahame on November 8, 2019. In addition to specific findings pertaining to the deaths of the deceased, the report also put forward a broader series of recommendations aimed at improving safety at future music festivals held in New South Wales. In a controversial move, Ms. Grahame called on the state government to establish a pill testing (also referred to as "drug checking") trial at upcoming music festivals, describing the practice as "an evidence-based harm reduction strategy that should be trialed as soon as possible in NSW". A leaked draft of the coroner's recommendations had been published by The Daily Telegraph in October, with the proposal to introduce pill testing generating significant public discussion around the issue. Responding to the leaked recommendations, then Premier Gladys Berejiklian said that the government had no plans to introduce pill testing, suggesting that it would send the "wrong message" and give people a "false sense of security". In handing down her findings, Ms. Grahame was highly critical of the policing strategies employed at music festivals in New South Wales, singling out the use of drug detection dogs and strip searches by NSW Police. The coroner said she was "extremely concerned" about the use of drug detection dogs at music festivals, suggesting their presence may exacerbate the potential for drug related harm and encourage risky behaviours such as "panic ingestion" or "preloading". The report noted that this may have been a factor in the deaths of 19-year-old Alex Ross-King and 22-year-old Joshua Tam, with the coroner recommending that "the model of policing at music festivals be changed to remove drug detection dogs". Speaking about the use of strip searches, Ms. Grahame said that "the practice of searching young people for the possible offence of possession is of grave concern", suggesting that "given the number of times that searches occur when there is no emergency or risk of serious harm, one can only assume that many searches are conducted unlawfully". She referred to the testimony of a 28-year-old witness who had allegedly been strip searched while attending the Knockout Circuz music festival in 2017, describing the woman's evidence as "palpable and disturbing". Speaking at the inquest in September, a barrister appearing for NSW Police Commissioner Mick Fuller had unsuccessfully sought to prevent the coroner from examining the issue of strip searches, arguing that it was an "impermissible area of exploration" and that there was "simply no foundation" to do so. "It's not a roving royal commission. Your Honour has to look at manner and cause and what is connected to each of the tragic deaths," he said. In handing down her findings, Ms. Grahame called on NSW Police to limit the use of strip searches at music festivals to case of suspected drug supply, recommending that they only be used in cases where "there are reasonable grounds to believe that the strip search is necessary to prevent an immediate risk to personal safety" and "no less invasive alternative is appropriate". 2020 Class action investigation In a landmark move, it was announced in May 2020 that law firm Slater and Gordon would be partnering with Redfern Legal Centre to investigate the possibility of bringing a class action against the New South Wales Police Force. The proposed class action would seek to deliver compensation to members of the public who had been unlawfully strip searched by NSW Police, with a specific focus on incidents which had taken place during or after 2014. Speaking at a launch event in Sydney, Senior Associate at Slater and Gordon Ebony Birchell said there were "systemic problems" with the way strip searches were conducted in New South Wales. "Legally an unlawful police search is classified as an assault. People who have been assaulted have been wronged and have legal rights to redress. This class action aims to help those people" she said. Also speaking at the event was a 25-year-old British woman who had attended the Lost Paradise music festival on the Central Coast in 2017. It's alleged that the woman was queueing with friends to enter the event when a drug detection dog sat down beside her, at which point officers told her they suspected she was in possession of illicit drugs before asking her to consent to a search. "I felt I had no choice but to comply, otherwise I'd be left stranded in the middle of nowhere, with no way of getting home" she told reporters. The 25-year-old said she was then taken to a police search area inside the venue by a male officer, who before handing her over to a female officer had reportedly said, "go easy on her, I don't think she's got anything on her". After handing over her ID and having her belongings searched, the woman said she was taken into a "large police transit van". It's alleged that the windshield of the van had been left uncovered and that three male officers could be seen standing outside. "I was just so aware that people could look in. My main concern was the male police officers being so close at the time. There was no real privacy... It just felt very perverted, to be honest." She says that the female officer conducting the search initially asked her to lift up her top. When she informed the woman that she wasn't wearing a bra, the officer reportedly told her to "just do it quickly". She says that the officer then asked if she was on her period. When she said yes, the officer reportedly told her that "we still need to do this anyway" before instructing her to remove her pants and her underwear. The 25-year-old says she was told to "drop, squat and cough", at which point the officer looked underneath her and peered at her genital area. The woman said she had a tampon inserted at the time. "I felt numb all over," she recalled. After the search had been completed, the 25-year-old said her belongings were returned and she allowed to leave, telling reporters that she began "sobbing uncontrollably" when she returned to her friends. "I had done nothing wrong. I felt violated like I was just another body and not a human being". In November 2021, it was announced that the proposed class action would focus exclusively on strip searches which had taken place at the Splendour in the Grass music festival between 2016 and 2019. "The [NSW Police Watchdog] the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission has investigated strip searches at Splendour in the Grass already and they've made findings that show that police lack training and didn't understand the legal safeguards around strip searches," said Slater and Gordon's Ebonie Birchell. "This indicates to us that there have been widespread unlawful strip searches at Splendour in the Grass over the last few years". In a separate statement, Redfern Legal Centre's Alexis Goodstone suggested that incidents at Splendour in the Grass would serve as a "test case" for future legal cases "focusing on other locations or music festivals". Responding to questions about the update, a spokesperson for NSW Police issued the following statement to the Hack Program on Tiple J. "The test on whether a search was conducted lawfully is ultimately a matter for the courts. Police are required to suspect on reasonable grounds that the circumstances are serious and urgent when determining whether a strip search Is necessary. When making that determination police will consider all of the available information, including the risk of someone overdosing or dying". Statistical data Questions regarding the accuracy of figures provided by NSW Police Drug detection dog statistics In October 2019, Police Minister David Elliot tabled figures to Parliament detailing the number of personal searches carried out by New South Wales Police following positive drug detection dog indications. The figures were tabled in response to questions from NSW Greens MP David Shoebridge. The data showed that during the eight-year period between July 1 of 2011 and June 30 of 2019, NSW Police had conducted a total of 96,425 personal searches resulting from the use of drug detection dogs, with illicit substances being found in 24.3% of those searches. The following month in November, Police Commissioner Mick Fuller was being asked about coronial inquest recommendations calling for an end to the use drug detection dogs at music festivals. Speaking on ABC radio, Fuller denied suggestions that the dogs were inaccurate. "The stats are clear that nearly in 40 per cent of cases, when the dog sits down we find drugs'' he said. The Commissioner's comments were later the subject of a joint fact checking investigation conducted by ABC Fact Check in partnership with RMIT University, who later that year in December concluded that the claim was "overstated", citing the figures tabled to Parliament by Police Minister David Elliot in October. In January 2020, the ABC was provided with a new set of figures which showed that between July 1 of 2011 and June 30 of 2019, officers had instead conducted 100,047 personal searches resulting from positive drug detection dog indications, with prohibited drugs being found in 32.7% of those searches. "The drug dog statistics provided to the Minister's office in October last year were developed differently from the standard production of official NSWPF statistics and had not been peer reviewed. They are incorrect" said a police spokesperson in a statement provided to the ABC. The new figures were tabled to Parliament by the Police Minister in February. In an "unprecedented" move, ABC Fact Check announced that it was suspending its verdict on the Commissioner's claims, stating that it had "lost confidence" in the figures put forward by NSW Police. "We have asked the police for an explanation as to the difference between the two sets of figures and have not received a satisfactory or transparent response" they said. "In light of this, we have decided to suspend the verdict from the fact check". Strip search statistics In a final report handed down in December 2020, the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission expressed concerns about the way strip search data was recorded by NSW Police. The Commission referred to police figures which showed that approximately one third of all strip searches conducted in the field between 2016–17 and 2019-20 had resulted in prohibited items being found. In a small number of cases, NSW Police had claimed that items such as bicycles, books, luggage and electrical appliances had been recovered during those searches. The Commission noted that these items had most likely been recovered before a strip search was conducted. In a submission to the LECC, NSW Police maintained that this was a "recording error" which accounted for "less than 1%" of incidents. Despite this, the Commission continued to express doubt about the police figures, concluding that they were "unreliable", with the report stating that "these anomalies raise a question about whether other items recorded as a 'find' resulting from a strip search were indeed found as a result of the strip search, or may have been found at some other point in the interaction between police and the individual". Official responses from New South Wales Police In a detailed statement provided to the Sydney Morning Herald in August 2019, a spokesperson for NSW Police defended the use of strip searches by the organisation. "The NSW Police Force is responsible for enforcing legislation on drug and weapon possession and supply. Police officers do not enjoy carrying out strip searches, but it is a power that has been entrusted to us and searches reveal drugs and weapons", they said. "People who are trying to hide such items frequently secrete them in private places, and the only way to locate them is by a strip search, which may involve asking the person to squat". The statement also went on to defend the use of drug detection dogs as a means of justifying strip searches, arguing that they act as a "vital tool for detection of drugs, particularly at large scale events". Excerpts from the same statement have also been provided to other media outlets in response to separate inquiries. Speaking to Richard Glover on ABC Radio that month, Police Commissioner Mick Fuller rejected suggestions that strip searches were being overused in New South Wales. "We live in a society with eight million people Richard and it's hardly an epidemic" he said in response to statistics which showed that officers were performing more than 5000 strip searches a year. At a Parliamentary Budget Estimates hearing the following week, the Commissioner reiterated his position. "[Strip search] is not a police power that's being overused; the only thing that's being overused are statistics that are wrong" he said, addressing data published by the University of New South Wales which showed that police strip searches had increased twentyfold since 2006. Earlier in June, a spokesperson for NSW Police had told The Sydney Morning Herald that "members of the public with nothing to hide from police should not be concerned about police searches". The statement was one of several issued in response to questions about protocols regarding the use of strip searches in situations where a person may be affected by previous trauma. It followed an incident in which a 20-year-old woman had allegedly been made to strip naked in front of two female police officers while attending the Midnight Mafia music festival in 2018. The woman had reportedly been the victim of a sexual assault and had told the Herald that the experience was a "refresher" of the incident, with police allegedly confiscating her ticket and ejecting her from the event despite no drugs being found. 2019 Daily Telegraph interview In the wake of recommendations made by Deputy State Coroner Harriet Grahame to limit the use of strip searches at music festivals, NSW Police Commissioner Mick Fuller launched a high profile defence of the practice in an interview with Sydney's Daily Telegraph. Appearing in a front page exclusive published on November 18, Fuller warned that any attempt to curtail police search strip powers would lead to an increase in knife crime, citing Melbourne and London as examples. "You look at London. They decrease their person searches by 20,000 because of a government policy position and knife crime went through the roof," he said. The Commissioner went on to suggest that questioning "the legitimacy of policing" had "a negative impact on public safety" before insisting that young people "on the verge of criminality" should have "a little bit of fear" of police. "There will be a generation of kids that have no respect for authority and no respect for the community" he warned. "They need to have respect and a little bit of fear for law enforcement". Responding to the comments, UNSW Legal Academic Dr. Michael Grewcock suggested that the Commissioner's attempts to link strip searches and knife crime were "shrill and misleading". A report published by Grewcock in August in collaboration with fellow UNSW Academic Dr. Vicki Sentas had revealed that "less than 1%" of strip searches carried out in the four-year period between 2015-2016 and 2018-19 had been related to weapons possession offences, with the majority being carried out on suspicion that a person was in possession if illicit drugs. Speaking to Ray Hadley on 2GB later that day, the Commissioner reiterated his position. "The reality is I want there to be a small factor of fear so that young people aren't coming into town with bladed weapons". During an interview on ABC Radio the following morning, Fuller attempted to clarify his remarks, insisting that his comments to the Daily Telegraph were not made in relation to strip searches but were instead aimed at addressing the use of police powers more broadly. "Knife crime is a huge problem, not just in Australia, but I'm not talking about strip searching people for drugs when I talk about fear," he said. Writing in an opinion piece for The Sydney Morning Herald later that week, former Australian Federal Police Commissioner Mick Palmer labelled the comments "frightening". "As a long-time colleague of NSW police and a friend of several past commissioners, it is the first time I have ever heard the use of the word 'fear' as a basis for gaining respect and I am saddened by it" he said. "Police are given without-warrant powers to stop, search and detain sparingly and with good reason. Such powers, particularly those involving strip searching, are intrusive and intimidatory. They need to be used prudently and with clear evidence of reasonable cause". Law Enforcement Conduct Commission investigations In October 2018, the state's newly established police watchdog – the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission – announced plans to launch a formal investigation into the use of strip searches by NSW Police, citing complaints from members of the public and wider community concerns surrounding the practice. As part of a two-year inquiry, the Commission conducted a number of closed-door investigations relating to specific complaints, as well as two public hearings in relation to strip searches of minors at separate music festivals in 2018 and 2019. In a final report handed down in December 2020, the Commission made a total of 25 recommendations aimed at improving existing protocols governing the use of strip searches by NSW Police. See also Freedom of Information releases relating to the use of strip searches by NSW Police Issues relating to the use of drug detection dogs in New South Wales List of report incidents involving strip searches conducted by NSW Police Notes References Strip search Law enforcement in New South Wales Police misconduct in Australia History of New South Wales

69834440

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20in%20Italy

2022 in Italy

Events during the year 2022 in Italy Incumbents President: Sergio Mattarella Prime Minister: Mario Draghi Events Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Italy Ongoing – Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy January 1 January: despite the public ban on not using New Year's barrels throughout Italy there are 14 seriously injured after the use of unauthorized fires. 3 January: in Torre del Greco a 40-year-old woman drowns her son in the sea. 8 January: in Agrigento (Realmonte) the Scala dei Turchi natural monument is vandalized. Serie A decides to close for a round the football stadiums that can accommodate a maximum of 5000 spectators due to the spread of the omicron variant. 13 January: 10 years after the sinking of the Costa Concordia in which 32 people died. 15 January: in Turin a man kills a little girl by knocking her off a balcony during a game. 16 January: in Naples there is a boom in electric bike sales in a single day 15 thousand models are sold. 17 January: following the spread of the omicron variant, the Val d'Aosta passes into the orange zone. an egalitarian marriage committee is created to speed up the approval process for same sex marriage in Italy. Naples appears to be the city that pays more attention to animals, 10 out of 9 stray dogs find a home. 19 January: a man from Viareggio suffering from psychological disorders barricades himself at home with his elderly father, will be arrested for attempted murder of a firefighter. interior minister Luciana Lamorgese signs a security pact against crime and gomorrah in Naples. 20 January: a family from Syria and with serious physical problems will be taken to Italy where they will live in Siena and will be cared for by caritas. the royal palace of Caserta celebrates 270 years of construction. 21 January: Work begins on the construction of the new Salerno airport which will be completed by 2024. the historic Japanese cartoon The Tiger Man turns 40 years after his arrival in Italy. the European court of human rights condemns Italy for having separated a mother from her daughter in the city of Brescia. 22 January: Silvio Berlusconi withdraws his candidacy a few days before the elections for the president of the republic. in Taranto a man injures 2 officers who were chasing his car. in Italy there is yet another death at work, it is an 18-year-old boy who worked as an internship in Udine. 23 people are arrested between Apulia and Calabria for participating in an international drug dealing from Turkey and the Netherlands. Starbucks closes its stores in Milan, however the US chain announces that it has great news for Italy. a few dozen people protest in Milan against vaccines and green passes. 23 January: in Brescia (Rezzato) there is a terrible accident between a car and a bus 5 young people die. according to a survey, Milan is the most expensive city in Italy, spending 47% more than Naples. to follow Naples, Palermo and Pescara are the cheapest cities. 24 January: 2022 Italian presidential election following the spread of COVID-19 (omicron variant) the health minister Roberto Speranza has decided to sign an ordinance that puts Piedmont, Sicily and Friuli in the orange zone, while Apulia and Sardinia go yellow. 26 January: in Livorno a twelve-year-old is beaten and laughed at by a group of boys for being Jews, a fact that has upset even the white Patrizio Bianchi minister of education. IPTV broadcasters were searched in the regions of Calabria, Campania, Emilia Romagna and Tuscany, allowing free viewing of Sky channels, DAZN and films. 28 January: in Ostia, a girl denounces her parents to the carabinieri following Islamic extremism against her by her family. 29 January: the president of the republic in office Sergio Mattarella is elected to the office of president of the republic. 30 January: a fire in an apartment in Reggio Emilia kills 2 children. February 1–5 February: Sanremo Music Festival 2022 1 February: Russian President Vladimir Putin telephones Prime Minister Mario Draghi for reassurance on gas supplies for Italy. In the city of Agrigento a policeman kills his son with a service pistol. in Cagliari a newborn is hit by a hijacker in front of his mother, the man shows up at the barracks and is sentenced. 2 February: Rome a group of activists vandalized the headquarters of the ministry of ecological transition. in Grumo Nevano (Napoli) a man strangles a 23-year-old woman by killing her, the man is arrested. 3 February: Sergio Mattarella swears in as president of the Italian republic starting his second term. 5 February: Milan becomes a big European city, with 20 skyscrapers. the US broadcaster CBS broadcasts for the first time a football event to promote football in the United States, it is the Milan inter-Milan derby the show will be broadcast live from outside San Siro. 8 February: Carabinieri control a Rom camp in Giugliano (Naples), finding ultra-light aircraft engines stolen the night before. To Como an elderly woman who died 2 years earlier is found sitting on a chair in a complete state of decomposition, the woman is found by the police who had been called for investigations. 9 February: following an investigation into corruption in Salerno 5 people are arrested including the PM Roberto Penna. 11 February: new eruption of Mount Etna in the night. 15 February: A man from Rome finds a ticket in a mask for covid-19, a ticket from alleged African slaves in China, however, there is no evidence of the ticket's accuracy. 18 February: In Turin during a demonstration on the safety of young people on internships, a group of students attacks the confindustria using eggs against the police, 7 injured are recorded. a ship between Italy and Greece suffers a fire. 19 February: for the first time few individuals participate in the protests against the green pass in Milan, they are university students and activists scattered around the parade is blocked without problems. 24 February: Prime Minister Mario Draghi and Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio condemn Russia after the invasion of Ukraine. 27 February: following the Russia-Ukraine crisis, Prime Minister Mario Draghi announces that Italy aligns itself with the very harsh sanctions of the European Union against Russia. the Italian government closes the airspace to Russian planes. 28 February: The first Ukrainian refugees arrive in Italy mainly direct by bus to Trieste, Milan, Rome and Naples. the Italian government sends weapons and equipment to Ukraine while Italian soldiers are positioned in Romania alongside other NATO forces. March 1 March: To face the gas crisis in Italy, Prime Minister Draghi announces the reopening of the coal factories. 40 years since Lady Oscar was broadcast in Italy for security reasons, the Italian embassy in Ukraine is moved from kivy to lviv. 17 March: 161 years from the Italian unification. April 25 April: Liberation Day References Italy Italy 2020s in Italy Years of the 21st century in Italy

69834489

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rock%20and%20the%20River

The Rock and the River

The Rock and the River is a young adult historical fiction novel by Kekla Magoon, published January 6th 2009 by Aladdin. Reception The Rock and the River is a Junior Library Guild book. The book received starred reviews from Booklist, as well as a positive review from Bulletin of the Center for Children’s Books and Kirkus. In their review, Kirkus wrote, "Magoon is unflinching in her depictions of police brutality and racism" and "offers readers a perspective that is rarely explored, showing that racial prejudices were not confined to the South and that the Civil Rights Movement was a truly national struggle." The audiobook, narrated by Dion Graham, received a positive review from Booklist. References Novels set in the 1960s Novels set in Chicago 2009 children's books

69834681

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetbury%20Market%20House

Tetbury Market House

Tetbury Market House, also known as Tetbury Town Hall, is a municipal building in the Market Place, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England. The building, which was used both as a market house and as a town hall until the late 19th century, is a Grade I listed building. History The current building was commissioned by the local feoffees to replace a medieval market house: the new building was designed in the neoclassical style, built with a timber frame and a stucco finish and was completed in 1655. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with seven bays facing onto the Market Place; it was arcaded on the ground floor, so that wool and yarn markets could be held, with an assembly room on the first floor. On the ground floor, there were three rows of seven Tuscan order columns which supported the first floor, which was fenestrated by two-light mullioned windows and surmounted by a central pediment with a clock in the tympanum. The building was extended by an extra bay to the south sometime in the 18th century. The south elevation featured a stone staircase leading up to a first-floor doorway with a keystone and a hood mould. The staircase was flanked by small doorways on the ground floor and by two-light mullioned windows on the first floor, and there was a central pediment with a clock in the tympanum on this side as well. Internally, the principal room was the assembly room on the first floor which featured a central row of wooden Ionic order columns. In the 18th century, the assembly hall on the first floor was used by the feoffees as a town hall and as a courtroom for the manorial court hearings. In 1817, alterations were carried out to the building: these included the infilling of the south bay to create accommodation for a horse-drawn fire engine and the removal of an extra floor on the east side of the building. The assembly room continued to be used as a courthouse, and part of the ground floor continued to be used as a lock-up for the incarceration of petty criminals, until a purpose-built courthouse and police station was erected in Long Street in 1884. A cupola with an ogee-shaped copper roof and a weather vane depicting dolphins was erected on the roof to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887. The feoffees continued to administer the town from the assembly room until Tetbury Urban District Council was formed in 1894. The assembly room was subsequently used as a classroom for the teaching of technical subjects and ground floor continued to be used as the venue for markets on Wednesdays. The annual Tetbury Food and Drink Festival, held in September each year with a farmers style market in the market hall, was first held in September 2007. The Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall stood outside the market hall to turn on the Christmas lights in December 2012. See also Grade I listed buildings in Cotswold (district) References Government buildings completed in 1655 City and town halls in Gloucestershire Grade I listed buildings in Gloucestershire Tetbury

69836000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Mahon%20%28British%20Army%20officer%29

Denis Mahon (British Army officer)

Major Denis Mahon was the Irish Landlord of Strokestown in County Roscommon who was shot and killed during the Great Famine of Ireland. His death is considered the first murder of a Landlord during the Great Famine and to this day there is debate over the real reason for his murder and the identity of those responsible. Mahon's murder caused panic among the aristocracy and turned English public opinion against the Irish in the midst of the Black ‘47. Biography Born in 1787 to Reverend Thomas Mahon and into a family of clergymen, Denis Mahon joined the army and rose to the rank of Major in the 9th Dragoons. He married Henrietta Bathhurst and the two had one child together, Grace Catherine Mahon. Grace would go on to marry Henry Sandford Pakenham, Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, in 1847. Henry took the last name Pakenham Mahon as he would be the heir to the estates of the Mahon family upon Denis' death. The estate included Strokestown Park in County Roscommon which now houses the National Famine Museum. Strokestown Park was owned by the Pakenham Mahon family from 1660 until 1970 and Denis Mahon is buried in a mausoleum on the property. Landlord of Strokestown Strokestown debts One of Denis Mahon's predecessors, his uncle Maurice Mahon took over running the Strokestown estate in 1782, and in 1800 was raised to the Irish peerage as Baron Hartland of Strokestown. Maurice borrowed 15,000 pounds in order to enlarge the estate and by the time of his death, the debt grew by 50%. His son Thomas succeeded him in 1819 but had no children and died in 1835, passing on the title of Baron Hartland and the Strokestown estate to his youngest brother Maurice. At this time the 41-year lease of the Strokestown estate lands to the crown was ending and the Mahon's were now 30,000 pounds in debt. Maurice allowed the lease to lapse for a portion of the estate and the Mahon's stopped collecting rent from the town of Ballykilcline and its surrounding area. In 1836 Denis brought a motion against Maurice claiming that he was mentally ill and incapable of caring for the estate which led to an official declaration stating Maurice was a lunatic and Denis was named the executor of the estate as well as Maurice's legal guardian. Denis soon began trying to fix the estates issues and renewed the lease with the crown, sending notice to the people of Ballykilcline that they were required to pay their rent including the 3 years of arrears. Rent strike Starting nearly as soon as Mahon became the landlord of Roscommon tenants began a rent strike starting with 8 farmers in 1835 and eventually reaching a point where nearly every tenant refused to pay rent. The people of Roscommon wanted lower rent and taking a cue from others striking in England and Ireland they planned on refusing to pay until they got what they wanted. Evictions Mahon chose to serve evictions to the increasing number of tenants who refused to pay their taxes, forcibly removing them from their homes. They quickly returned however and took up residence again in their houses. The tenants would be forced out and would again return which created a cycle that frustrated Mahons plans. At the advice of his cousin and estate agent, John Ross Mahon, Denis began a mass "assisted emigration scheme." in which he evicted thousands of people and chartered spots for many of them aboard ships destined for Quebec. Ships like the ones Mahon chartered were often referred to as Coffin Ships for the inhumane conditions that the people in transport suffered. The first ship Mahon sent during the clearance of his land was The Virginius which took 476 people and left Liverpool in may of 1847. Upon its arrival in Quebec Dr. George Mellis Douglas,  superintendent of the quarantine site built to prevent the spread of cholera from new arrivals, examined the passengers who arrived at the Grosse-Île in Quebec. He wrote that 106 of the passengers were ill, 158 had died on the journey and "the few that were able to come on deck were ghastly yellow looking specters" This ship was followed by three more filled with Mahons tenants. The Naomi, The Erin’s Queen, and The John Munn all of which were inspected by Douglas who wrote of similar conditions on board those ships. News that nearly half of the people put on the ships by Mahon had died made it back to Roscommon in August of that year reaching the remaining tenants, much of whom had friends, loved ones, and long-time neighbors on board those ships. At the end of August 1847, Mahon returned from England to Roscommon where he had left local Catholic priest Michael McDermott in his place filling in as the chairman of the Strokestown famine relief committee. McDermott accused Mahon of amusing himself by "burning houses and turning out people to starve." Murder On the 2nd of November, 1847, Mahon and a physician, Terence Shanley, were riding home in a carriage from a famine relief meeting when they were ambushed and Mahon shot and killed. Within an hour of his death, bonfires were lit on the hills across Roscommon in celebration of his murder. Mahon's murder was followed by a series of attacks on other landlords in Roscommon, such as the murder of Reverend John Lloyd of Aughrim only three weeks after. Other Roscommon landlords received threatening letters and some experienced violence. Reverend Michael McDermott was accused of inciting violence against Mahon, which resulted in allegations by the aristocracy that Mahon's murder was caused by a Catholic conspiracy against Protestant landlords. The accusation against McDermott was made in parliament by Lord Farnham of the Orange order. Farnham claimed that at the Sunday mass prior to Mahon's murder, McDermott had said from the pulpit, "Major Mahon is worse than Cromwell and yet he lives". McDermott denied the accusation and stated the sole cause of Mahon's murder was "the infamous and inhuman cruelties which were wantonly and unnecessarily exercised against a tenantry, whose feelings were already wound up to woeful and vengeful exasperation by the loss of their exiled relatives, as well as by hunger and pestilence". The investigation was led by police who flooded Roscommon and began investigating the death of Mahon and John Lloyd at the same time. They bribed possible witnesses for information and even evicted people who refused to cooperate in the hopes of finding out the names of the culprits. Three people were arrested for the murder of Mahon and a fourth escaped. Andrew Connor evaded capture in Ireland and fled to Canada where he reportedly met up with his family and continued to evade Canadian authorities, eventually disappearing. The other three men who were arrested and tried at the summer assizes in 1848 were Michael Gardener, Owen Beirne, and Patrick Hasty. Gardener pleaded guilty on the condition that he would be spared the death penalty. This condition was granted and he was charged with conspiracy to murder and was sentenced to transportation for life. Beirne and Hasty were both hanged on the 8th of August, 1848, and signed gallows confessions. In Hasty's confession, he renounced his association with the "accursed system of Molly Maguierism", which has furthered speculation that this was a conspiracy involving the Molly Maguires targeting landlords as enemies of the people. References Further reading Quebec Heritage News (2006) Cholera was a career for Grosse-Île boss Douglas New York Times "Famine's Villains" By Cormac Ó Gráda 1787 births 1847 deaths Murder in 1847 Irish landlords

69836849

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tami%20Sawyer

Tami Sawyer

Tami Sawyer (born April 27, 1982) is an American politician. She was elected in August 2018 as Shelby County Commissioner for District 7 and resides in Memphis, TN. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She serves as chair of the Education and Legislative committees. She is chair of the Shelby County Commission Black Caucus. Sawyer has provided commentary on social justice and public policy for many outlets including Al Jazeera, CNN, Commercial Appeal, Essence, Forbes, HuffPost, MLK50, MSNBC, NPR, Roland Martin, and Time. In 2020, We Can't Wait, a documentary chronicling her 2019 mayoral campaign, was named Best Hometowner Feature at the Indie Memphis Film Festival. Sawyer is featured in the award-winning 2022 documentary, Who We Are: A Chronicle of Racism in America with Jeff Robinson. Sawyer is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority and the Links, Inc., social organizations for Black women. Early Life & Education Sawyer was born in Evanston, IL to Gladys and Andrew Sawyer, Jr. She has one older brother, Michael. At the age of 8, her family relocated to South Holland, IL. When Sawyer was 12, her parents returned to her mother's home state, Tennessee. The Sawyer family resided in Mason, TN and she attended St. Mary's Episcopal School for middle school and high school. Upon graduation from high school in 2000, Sawyer attended Hampton University. She subsequently graduated from the University of Memphis in 2004 with a BA in Political Science. Sawyer then attended Howard University School of Law for two years before leaving to explore career opportunities. As of 2020, Sawyer is a graduate student at the University of Memphis seeking a master's degree in rhetorical communications. Career From 2008 - 2014, Sawyer was a human capital analyst supporting diversity initiatives at NAVSEA PEO IWS, a program office of the United States Navy. During that time, she competed on the Food Network's Cupcake Wars and owned a small cupcake business, TamiCakes. Having lived in Washington, DC for a decade, she returned home to Memphis and led a team in teacher licensing for Shelby County Schools. In 2015, Sawyer began a five year tenure with Teach for America Memphis as the Managing Director, Diversity and Community Partnerships. Following her employment with Teach for America, Sawyer held leadership positions with Black Voters Matter and Our Black Party. Sawyer serves on the board of Common Cause and is co-chair of the Memphis NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Activism & #TakeEmDown901 Following the trial of George Zimmerman for the killing of Trayvon Martin, and the domestic attack on the Washington Navy Yard in 2013, Sawyer became engaged in social justice and political activism. In 2014, she organized her first protest at the National Civil Rights Museum in the wake of the decision by a St. Louis grand jury not to try Darren Wilson for the killing of Michael Brown. Sawyer became known as a leader and voice of the burgeoning Black Lives Matter movement in Memphis. Sawyer organized a vigil in December 2015 after a Cleveland prosecutor declined charging the police officers who shot and killed Tamir Rice. The vigil was held in Health Sciences Park in front of the statue of Confederate General and Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard, Nathan Bedford Forrest. Two years later, the City of Memphis removed both the Forrest statue and a statue of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, after responding to pressure from the #TakeEmDown901 movement which Sawyer formed and led. After being elected to office in 2018, Sawyer continued her activism. She was a participant and organizer in the 2020 George Floyd protests in Memphis. In 2021, Sawyer was arrested outside of the White House with several other activists while protesting for an end to the filibuster and protection of voting rights. Political Campaigns 2016 Tennessee State Representative, District 90 Sawyer lost the Democratic Primary to incumbent John DeBerry, Jr. DeBerry (56.67%) - Sawyer (43.37%). 2018 Shelby County Commissioner, District 7 Sawyer won the Democratic Primary with 50.3% over two opponents. Sawyer defeated Republican Sam Goff in the general election. Sawyer (80.5%) - Goff (19.4%). 2019 Memphis Mayor Sawyer was an unsuccessful challenger to incumbent Jim Strickland. She finished 3rd of 11 candidates and garnered 6.9% of the vote. Sawyer's term as Commissioner ends on August 31, 2022. She announced that she will not run for re-election but plans to begin a Ph.D. program in public policy. Awards & Recognitions Ebony Power 100 List 2018 Memphis Business Journal Top 40 under 40 Class of 2018 The Tennessean's 18 Tennesseans to Watch in 2018 Reckon South's 2022 Reckon List Women of Achievement Heroism Award 2018 References External links Tennessee politicians American activists Politicians from Memphis, Tennessee Members of the Democratic Socialists of America 21st-century African-American politicians 21st-century African-American activists 1980s births Living people Tennessee Democrats Women in Tennessee politics University of Memphis alumni

69837054

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja%20Rani%202%20%28TV%20series%29

Raja Rani 2 (TV series)

Raja Rani 2 is a 2020 Indian Tamil drama starring Alya Manasa, Sidhu Sid and Praveena. The show is produced by Global Villagers and directed by Praveen Bennet, that airs on Star Vijay and digitally streams on Disney+ Hotstar. The show premiered on 12 October 2020. It is based on Star Plus's Hindi series Diya Aur Baati Hum. Series Summary Ambitious and educated, Sandhya pursues her dream of becoming an IPS officer for her father Sivakumar. Saravanan, (Sidhu) a partially-educated and simple young master-confectioner is the perfect elder heir to his middle-class traditional family in Tamil Nadu. Saravanan, a loving husband and self-made man, despite belonging to a middle-class family, helps and supports his ambitious wife Sandhya achieving her dreams of becoming an IPS officer by becoming her strength. Sandhya's dreams and aspirations are destroyed as she loses her father Sivakumar and her mother Saranya in a terrorist attack. Planning to move abroad, her brother mani fixes her marriage to Saravanan whose strict mother Sivagami wants her daughter-in-law to be simple and not well-educated, with the excellent skills of a housewife. Soon, as her truth of being educated and not knowing cooking is revealed, Sivagami banishes her. After discovering this, Mani lies about Sandhya's education level to ensure her settlement. Sandhya gives up her education and dreams, accepting her roles as a wife and the elder daughter-in-law of the family. Sivagami gives Sandhya a period of three months to prove herself as a good and proper daughter-in-law of the family. She challenges Sandhya and gives various hurdles. In anger as she told lies, she also don't let her do the works easily. After three months, Sandhya prove as a good and proper daughter-in-law of the family and win all the hurdles on the family.later, Sandhya friend Anitha speak about Sandhya's ambition and she put a divorce papers on Sandhya bag.one day Sandhya talk with Anitha in phone, Saravanan misunderstanding Sandhya about Sandhya need divorce from him and want to leave the house. Afterwards, Saravanan shows hatred on Sandhya and avoid her. However, Sandhya meet Saravanan, he get irked.one day Saravanan sweet stall is sealed by an officer, Sandhya prove that the officer is corrupted and save the stores to Saravanan.afterwards, Sandhya participate in a cooking contest with the help of Saravanan. She loses the cooking contest and get a special prize for Saravanan Sandhya couple goals. On the other hand, parvathy get a groom from village. So parvathy inform the same to Vicky his lover. But Vicky plan to manipulate parvathy. Sandhya and Saravanan saves parvathy from that situation. Sandhya want to know the reason behind Saravanan attitude. One day, they went to temple for ritual. She ask Saravanan about his changed behaviour, but Saravanan get irked and tolerate Sandhya. On the other hand, baskar family visit parvathy house to engage them. Saravanan get approval from sivagami then, they decided to fix the engagement of parvathy and baskar. Saravanan go for a cooking order, Vicky blackmail parvathy with his photos. Parvathy seeks Sandhya help and she give an idea and delete the photos and hard disk by Sandhya. Saravanan back to home, decided to end his relationship with Sandhya after parvathy engagement. He decides to drop Sandhya in the bus stop. While going Sandhya's bus meets with an accident. But, fortunately Sandhya doesn't get any major injuries. Saravanan also comes to the scene they both talk out their problems and decides to go back to home. The family meanwhile get traumatized learning about the accident. They get happy when Saravanan and Sandhya reach home. Cast Main Alya Manasa as Sandhya Saravanan Saravanan's wife, Sivakumar and Saranya's daughter, Sivagami and Sundaram's elder daughter-in-law, Mani's younger sister, an aspiring police officer (2020–present) Sidhu Sid as Saravanan Sivagami and Sundaram's eldest son, Sandhya's caring husband, a sweet stall owner, an illiterate (2020–present) Praveena as Sivagami Sundaram Sundaram's wife, Saravanan, Senthil, Adi and Parvathy's mother; Sandhya and Archana's mother-in-law (2020–present) Supporting Saivam Ravi as Ravi Sundaram a.k.a. "Sundaram" Saravanan, Senthil, Adi and Parvathy's father Srilekha Rajendran as Rajeshwari a.k.a. "Aachi" Sundaram's mother, Sivagami's mother-in-law and Saravanan, Senthil, Adi and Parvathy's grandmother Balaji Thiyagarajan Dayalan as Senthil Kumaran a.k.a. "Senthil" Sivagami and Sundaram's second son; Saravanan's 1st younger brother, Archana's husband VJ Archana as Archana Senthil Kumaran Senthil's wife; Sivagami and Sundaram's second daughter-in-law, Sandhya's co-sister VJ Prathosh "Prathu" as Aditya a.k.a. "Adi" Sivagami and Sundaram's younger son; Saravanan and Senthil's younger brother, Parvathy's twin brother Vaishnavi Sundar as Parvathy Sivagami and Sundaram's younger daughter; Saravanan and Senthil's younger sister, Adi's twin sister Navya Suji as Mayilu, Sivagami's housekeeper Salsa Mani as Manikandan "Motta" Mani Sandhya's elder brother Shobhana Bhuniya / Niharikka Rajjith as Janani Mani's wife and Sandhya's sister-in-law Britto Ravi as Vignesh "Vicky": Karunakaran's son who is Parvathy's ex-boyfriend Pasanga Sivakumar as Sivakumar: Sandhya's father (Dead) Gayathri Priya as Saranya Sivakumar: Sandhya's mother (Dead) Adhithri Dinesh as Anitha: Sandhya's best friend Baby George as Valli: Archana's mother Rajasekhar as Rajasekhar: Archana's father Dhakshana as Priya: Archana's younger sister who is Bhaskar's ex-fiancé Ashwin Kannan as Balamurugan a.k.a. "Bhaskar" Priya's ex-fiancé who is now Parvathy's fiancée Giridharan as MLA Karunakaran Sandhya's arch-rival who is Vicky's father Regina Jaanu as Valarmathy Karthikeyan Saravanan's cousin sister Shankaresh Kumar as Karthikeyan "Karthi": Valarmathy's husband VJ Mohana as Deepa Dileep: Karthi's younger sister Gopinath Shankar as Dileep: Deepa's husband Preetha Babu as Jaanu: Valarmathy's friend Rindhya Ravi as Saroja Sivagami's Co-sister and Valarmathy's mother Manoj Kumar as Sundaram's younger brother, Valarmathy's father, Saroja's husband Ashok Kumar as Ashok: Adi's friend Shalini Sundar as Parvathy's friend Special appearances Ahana Sharma as young Sandhya (2020) Raghavan as young Saravanan (2020) Manjula Paritala as Inspector Devi, Sandhya's role model in her childhood (2020) Sivaangi Krishnakumar as herself (2021) Archana Chandoke as herself (2021) Gabriella Charlton as herself (2021) Production Release Now this series continues second season, the first promo release on 12 September 2020 by Vijay TV on YouTube. The series premiered on 12 October 2020 at 6.30PM time slot on Star Vijay. Later its timing changed Starting from Monday 11 January 2021, the show was shifted to 9:30PM time Slot. The season had a crossover with Bharathi Kannamma during March 2021. Casting Alya Manasa was cast as the protagonist Sandhya, returning to television after marriage. Sidhu Sid was cast as Sandhya's husband and Praveena was cast as Sivagami. Soundtrack Soundtrack Adaptations References External links Raja Rani 2 at Hotstar Vijay TV television series Tamil-language television soap operas Tamil-language romance television series 2020s Tamil-language television series 2020 Tamil-language television series debuts Tamil-language television shows 2020 Tamil-language television seasons Tamil-language sequel television series

69839182

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%20case

Parkinson case

The Sarah-Jane Parkinson case, involving Canberra resident Sarah-Jane White (née Parkinson), was a 2014 legal situation in which an innocent party, Daniel Jones, was falsely accused of rape and acts of domestic abuse by Parkinson, his former fiancé, who had since grown bored of him while dating police officer Scott John White. Jones was arrested and jailed in 2014, while Parkinson and White lived in his house and eventually married. Owing to mounting evidence establishing Jones's innocence, Jones was released, and Parkinson was convicted for her false accusations. She served two years out of a three-year sentence, after which she legally changed her surname to White upon release. Background Daniel Jones, an Australian prison guard, had dated Sarah-Jane Parkinson, an airline worker, since 2011. According to Ian Jones, Daniel's father, "there's nothing I look back on and think, ‘Maybe I should have probed deeper’. There were a few little things but nothing where you'd go, ‘bloody hell, she's a nutbag!’". During this time, despite the couple's closeness and Parkinson moving into Jones's house, Parkinson switched jobs and was hired on at a local police station for clerical work, where she met Constable Scott John White and began dating him behind Jones's back. Soon afterwards, Parkinson began making allegations that Jones was abusing her, and obtained an Apprehended Violence Order (AVO), which Jones tried to contest. Upon doing this, Jones was warned that there were allegedly five New South Wales police witnesses who were ready to testify against him in court. Daniel's mother Michelle Jones, speaking on the case for the blog Mothers of Sons, recalled: "Daniel was agitated when he came home from that meeting. My husband, Ian, was angry. We sought legal advice. Daniel was advised by a solicitor not to contest the AVO. It was the first bad advice we received. We acted on this advice and that turned out to be a seriously bad mistake." Daniel Jones was charged and kept on house arrest at his parents' residence in a granny flat due to Parkinson continuing to inhabit Jones's private residence, which White later moved into, as well. It was later revealed that Parkinson had made claims of being raped in the past, implicating an unnamed Turkish diplomat who had allegedly assaulted her, although there is no evidence of this incident ever taking place. The Jones Family was aware of the allegation but had not dwelled on it. Rape accusation Parkinson's allegations of multiple acts of domestic abuse were facilitated by apparent physical evidence of injuries, which were later revealed to be caused not by Daniel Jones, but by Parkinson herself, who had earlier been diagnosed with Brugada syndrome after multiple dizzy spells causing her to fall and injure herself. Her accusations escalated to acts of indecency (claiming that Jones had pulled his pants down and urinated on her on purpose). The visual injuries, coupled with Parkinson's allegations, led to increased suspicion towards Jones and his extended family. With the help of Scott John White, Parkinson staged a crime scene by faking a head injury, undoing her pants and having intercourse with White, using a condom and leaving only the condom wrapper on the floor. According to Parkinson, Jones had pinned her down, hit her head against a retaining wall in their house, unwrapped a condom and proceeded to rape her before fleeing the scene. Daniel Jones was promptly arrested by police, and was kept in Australia's maximum-security Goulburn Jail. Jones maintained his innocence, while his parents attempted to get him released, remortgaging their own property and spending roughly $300,000 in legal fees and other efforts to free their son. Several months into the case, Detective Leesa Alexander, who had initially been working to aid Parkinson against Jones, discovered various inconsistencies in Parkinson's story and shifted her investigation from Jones to Parkinson. By this point, the Jones Family had spent over $600,000 of their own personal finances in order to try to prove Daniel Jones's innocence; this, along with the stress of the case, led Ian and Michelle Jones to divorce, although they remained close friends afterwards. As a former prison guard, Daniel Jones was subject to extremely harsh treatment in prison, and contemplated suicide while awaiting his trial. Using a dated family photograph of Jones with his young nephew, as well as GPS data, it was established that Jones could not have possibly committed the crimes that Parkinson had accused him of, as he was not even physically within Parkinson's vicinity at the time of the alleged rape. Daniel Jones was released from prison after the charges against him were dropped. Parkinson's conviction After Daniel Jones's innocence was established, Parkinson was arrested, charged with filing a false report of a punishable crime, and was found guilty in 2015. Parkinson served 2 years of a 3-year prison sentence, after which she was released on parole and married Scott John White, legally changing her own surname to "White" and residing on his property. Scott John White was later charged with perjury after being implicated as an aid to Parkinson's false accusations and staged rape. It was also argued that the empty condom wrapper discovered at the rape scene had in fact been White's wrapper, not Daniel Jones's. Cultural impact Owing in part to the extreme nature of Parkinson's accusations, as well as police corruption and failure of the Australian legal system in its approach to the case, the Sara-Jane Parkinson case has become synonymous with the concept of false accusations in Australia, as well as with the limitations of the #MeToo movement. Michelle Jones, angry at the legal system's treatment of her son, helped to start an activist group called Mothers of Sons, intended to raise awareness of men and boys falsely accused of crimes against women. Despite the group having been created mostly by women, Mothers of Sons was accused of being an anti-feminist organization by Caitlin Roper of feminist group Collective Shout. Speaking on the matter, Roper stated that "this idea that men are disadvantaged in the legal system is not in line with reality." In response, Mothers of Sons pointed out the social harm to women created by false accusations against men, noting that false accusations are "ruining it for women who really need help." The Sarah-Jane Parkinson case was extensively covered in a video documentary by 60 Minutes Australia, in which it was alleged that Parkinson had grown bored of Daniel Jones and had hoped to be given his house in the aftermath of his arrest. Parkinson herself has never stated this, although she continued to live in Jones's house with her then-boyfriend Scott John White after Jones was sent to jail. See also Kern County child abuse cases False accusation of rape References False allegations of sex crimes 2014 crimes in Australia

69839281

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortepan

Fortepan

Fortepan is a community photo archive based in Budapest, Hungary, established in 2010. Today the archive contains thousands of digitized high-resolution archival photos that capture everyday twentieth-century life in Hungary. Fortepan photos are organized along an interactive timeline and are publicly available for anyone to search, tag, download, and use. History Founding Fortepan was created in 2010 by Miklós Tamási and Ákos Szepessy, who met while attending the Kaffka Margit High School in the late 1980s. Sharing an interest in old photographs, they started to collect discarded prints and especially negatives from family collections, which they found at flea markets, in the streets of Budapest during “lomtalanítás” (Budapest's annual junk clearances held at different times of year across the city), and estate sales. Tamási and Szepessy stored their found photos, mostly negatives, in paper bags, and forgot about them until the 2000s, when they concluded these images might be worth sharing. Their first thought was to create a book project. Then they decided to scan the photos and upload the digital files to an image-hosting site. Tamási began scanning in 2009. After scanning approximately 10,000 photos, he selected 5,000 to upload to a new website they called “Fortepan.” Fortepan was a global brand of negative film produced in Hungary at the Forte factory in Vác from 1947 to 2001. The Forte factory originated as a Kodak photochemical plant, built in 1922, which was sold to a Hungarian bank in 1947, renamed “Forte,” and nationalized in 1948. Fortepan film was a popular film brand, used extensively by amateur photographers. Before Fortepan's launch, initial funding for Fortepan's development was facilitated by the Kortörténeti Foundation in Budapest. Early Fortepan The new public archive was launched on August 20, 2010, featuring full-size photos organized chronologically along a timeline and controlled by a slider. The chronological approach immediately contextualized the photos in history, telling a visual story of Hungary through the photos of multiple family collections. As Miklós Tamási noted in a 2021 interview with investor György Simó, “Something was needed to link the photos together and there is no better tool than time.” Tamási also determined to end the timeline at the year 1990, not because this marked a period in Hungarian history when Hungary was transitioning from communism to democracy, but because Tamási was convinced photos after 1990, firmly in the digital photography era, were less interesting. Fortepan's founders hoped to encourage public interaction and use of the photos, so they added crowdsourced tagging capabilities, a search function to search the tags, and they licensed all photos to the Creative Commons, first using an Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA-NC) license and then settling on an Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA) license. The CC license allows anyone to use a Fortepan photo, even for commercial purposes, as long as they attribute the donor and the archive. Ákos Szepessy left the project early on to pursue other interests and Tamási became the sole visionary behind the Fortepan archive. The photo project complimented Tamási's day job as Program Director for the Blinken Open Society Archives (OSA), a division of Central European University, which involved curating exhibitions. With OSA's support, Tamási managed new volunteers from his OSA office; more people scanned photos and volunteers maintained Facebook and Instagram accounts and edited incoming tags. One volunteer also initiated a public forum through which to discuss and “codebreak”– identify locations, dates, events and people – select photos. Soon, Summa Artium Director András Török came on to perform accounting and other administrative tasks, and became the face of Fortepan: whenever there was a live event, Török promoted the archival platform. Fortepan, 2014-Today Fortepan began an important partnership with Hungary's most prominent online news and arts portal, Index.hu, which began publishing weekly photo spreads in October, 2014. Fortepan rapidly gained recognition from a wide Hungarian public that was unexpectedly enthusiastic about the public photo project. The archive expanded to approximately 50,000 photos by its fifth year. In 2016, Fortepan developed a partnership with the Budapest City Archives, the first Hungarian institution to turn over a portion of their collection to Fortepan. This donated collection depicted post-1956 crime scene investigations from the Budapest Police Headquarters. Other cultural institutions also began to use Fortepan as a way to introduce the public to their holdings. In 2018, Tamási began collaborations with photo editor and curator István Virágvölgyi of the Robert Capa Center in Budapest towards an invited museum exhibition at the Hungarian National Gallery (Magyar Nemzeti Galéria), the first time the Fortepan archive had such a high-profile public platform. Tamási, Virágvölgyi, and assistant Mária Madár selected 200 photographs for display. The exhibition launched in April 2019 with record-breaking attendance, to the point that the Gallery scheduled a 6-week extension past its initial four-month run. The exhibition celebrated 110,000 photos uploaded to Fortepan. The first permanent non-digital exhibition of Fortepan, KultúrFényPont, can be seen at Fény utca market near the Mammut Mall in District II. The free-to-visit display changes periodically, to showcase Fortepan's diverse collection. The archive is rapidly expanding with significant donations of photographic collections. Professional photographers, like Sándor Kereki, have started to publish and preserve their bodies of work on Fortepan. In 2022, the Budapest Office of Public Construction, FŐMTERV, donated 3,000 photos beginning in 1950s that depict Budapest's postwar construction and development. Function and Description Fortepan can be considered innovative, perhaps even disruptive, to archiving practices on a number levels. First is its chronological organization strategy. Most of the photos are connected to a singular place, Hungary, and depict everyday Hungarian life. As a digital-only archive, Fortepan's founders could easily reject traditional archiving methods used at museums, libraries, and state archives, which display digital photos online to directly correspond to the physical originals stored in the back room. Traditional archives that have digitized some of their collections and moved them online often continue to organize digital objects within an individual collection and upload images, such as photos, with attention to the collection's historical order and provenance. This order makes a lot of sense to archivists, but not necessarily to visitors exploring the photos. Since Fortepan founder Miklós Tamási was more concerned with user experience and public exploration, he felt that time and place was the best way to introduce users to the photos in the archive. As a result, a Fortepan user enters the archive at a point in time, for example, the 1930s, and sees images from multiple collections that share the same date. The result is an unfolding of visual collective memory from the 21st century, and a new way to experience digital photo archives. Fortepan is also curated, with subjective curation choices connected to one individual, Miklós Tamási. During the curation process, Tamási chooses the images that he deems significant enough to be preserved, and typically uploads only about 30 percent of all images scanned. Curation and the omission of redundant content allows for a more engaging, satisfying browsing experience. The selected images often include details of public life, such as clothing, streetscapes, house and building interiors, technical equipment, motorized vehicles, fairs and festivals, holiday traditions, emotional moments in Hungarians’ lives, or photos that are artistically beautiful. Tamási tends to reject photos that document violence or aggression between people, or difficult subjects like suicides. However, when a state system or a repressive organization is the aggressor (such as a state official, soldier, or policeman), then he tends to include the photo. In contrast, traditional archiving practices are more inclined towards preservation, so selection methods are more bureaucratic. Fortepan returns all scanned items to the donating family or institution, along with the entire body of digital scans, regardless of whether they are uploaded to the Fortepan archive. Tamási annually turns over unclaimed photographic prints and negatives to the Budapest City Archives; some photograph originals are also placed within the Ervin Szabó Metropolitan Library's Budapest Collection, or the Hungarian National Museum. In turning over the metadata to volunteers, Fortepan again challenged traditional archiving practices. Anyone who creates an account can participate in image tagging (a small team of Fortepan editors approve each tag). Each image tag increases the searchability of the archive, and tags appear in both Hungarian and English. Furthermore, the Fortepan Forum invites the public to engage with the archive by adding information to help understand the backstory or content of a photograph. Expansions of the Fortepan Model Fortepan Iowa is the first sister site of Fortepan.hu, developed at the University of Northern Iowa and launched in 2015. Projects The Fortepan Hungary team has spearheaded and facilitated many projects based on Fortepan photos that promote public engagement with the photographic record. ForteGo is a free smartphone app that allows users to access archival Fortepan photos and, through geolocation, direct a user to that photo's location, matching the historical photo to the present day. Users are directed to re-take a photo from the same place and direction to create a then-and-now photo pair to save and share with others. Approximately 2000 photos of downtown Budapest are accessible in ForteGo. ForteBolt is a shop that makes books based on Fortepan photographs available for purchase (“bolt” means shop in Hungarian). Titles in the series include Elfelejtett Budapest / Forgotten Budapest, A Pesti Nő / Women of Budapest, Kérek Egy Feketét / Coffee Please, Tekerj! / Ride On!, Hirdesse büszkén / Advertise Proudly, and Jön A Gőzös / Here Comes the Train. Heti Fortepan (Weekly Fortepan) is a weekly blog launched developed in 2020 by Virágvölgyi through a formal partnership between Fortepan and the Robert Capa Centerto to share more stories behind select Fortepan photos. Fortepan launched a bi-monthly English version of the blog in 2021. Outside Projects Several independent creators have developed projects based on Fortepan content. Fortepan Masters is a book project curated by Hungarian photographer Szabolcs Barakonyi, designed by Zalán Péter Salát, and published in 2021. The 690-page book contains 330 Fortepan photos as well as a lengthy interview with Miklós Tamási. Fortepan: versek is a book of poems written by poet and author Zsuzsa Rakovszky that was inspired by Fortepan photos. Proud & Torn: A Visual Memoir of Hungarian History is an interactive graphic novel about Hungarian history, which is largely based on Fortepan photos. References 2010 establishments in Hungary Archives in Hungary Photo archives

69840192

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Greater%20Love%20%281959%20film%29

No Greater Love (1959 film)

No Greater Love (第一部 純愛篇／第二部 激怒篇) is a 1959 Japanese film directed by Masaki Kobayashi. It is the first part of The Human Condition trilogy. Plot In World War II-era Japan, Kaji marries his sweetheart Michiko despite his misgivings about the future. To gain exemption from military service, he moves his wife to a large mining operation in Japanese-colonized Manchuria, where he serves as a labor chief assigned to a workforce of Chinese prisoners. Kaji aggravates the camp bureaucracy by implementing humane practices to improve both labor conditions and productivity, clashing with foremen, administrators, and the Kenpeitai military police. Ultimately his efforts to grant autonomy to the POWs are undermined by scheming officials, resulting in the electrocution of several prisoners and the beheading of others accused of attempted escape. When Kaji protests the brutality, he is tortured and then drafted into the army to relieve the camp supervisors of his disruptive presence. Cast Tatsuya Nakadai as Kaji Michiyo Aratama as Michiko Chikage Awashima as Tōfuku Kin Ineko Arima as Shunran Yō Sō Yamamura as Okishima Keiji Sada as Kageyama Kōji Nanbara as Kao (as Shinji Nanbara) Akira Ishihama as Chen Kōji Mitsui as Furuya Seiji Miyaguchi as Wang Heng Li Eitaro Ozawa as Okazaki Toru Abe as Sergeant Watai Junkichi Orimoto as Sai Masao Mishima as Manager Kuroki Kyū Sazanka as Cho Meisan Reception On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 71%, based on 14 reviews, and an average rating of 7.80/10. In 2021, David Mermelstein of Wall Street Journal writes "What's astonishing is the way that Kobayashi juggles the complicated narrative, with its panoply of incidents and significant characters (friends, nemeses and everything in between), so that clarity is never compromised." References

69840510

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20Justice%20%28American%20TV%20series%29

Dark Justice (American TV series)

Dark Justice is an American comedy television series created and written by Mike Gerbino. Che Holloway stars as the first Officer of color to work in a small town police department. The series premiered January 10, 2016. The first season had six episodes. Dark Justice has won multiple awards such as Best Web Series at the ROC Awards in Rochester, New York and Best Web Series at the New York Web Festival in New York City. Cast and characters Che Holloway as Amir Johnson, the first officer of color to work in an all white police department Tim O'Connor as Stanton, Amir Johnson's police partner Jon Cesar as Reverend Charles X. Maxton Mooney Faugh as the Chief of Police Page O'Neil as Grace, the first female lieutenant of color Elaine Cost as a follower of Maxton Crescenzo Scipione as a follower of Maxton Production The series was co produced by Travis Cannan and Mike Gerbino. The series was filmed in various locations including Rochester, New York and Buffalo, New York. Cinematography by Travis Cannan. The sound department for Dark Justice Show was a collaborative effort by Elisa Peebles, Benjamin Jura, Zahra, Alzubaidi, Michael McFadden, Adam Bloch and Wes Ranson. Brian Varney served as Head of the Art Department. The opening score for Dark Justice Show is "I Think I'm Gonna Get Arrested" written and performed by We Stole The Show. References External links 2016 American television series debuts 2010s American comedy television series

69842070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whedbee

Whedbee

Whedbee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Bertha Whedbee (1876–1960), American suffragist and police officer Charles H. Whedbee (1911–1990), American lawyer and judge J. William Whedbee (1938–2004), American Biblical historian Mel Whedbee (1904–1974), American football coach

69842259

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrolmen%27s%20Benevolent%20Association%20Riot

Patrolmen's Benevolent Association Riot

The Patrolmen's Benevolent Association Riot, also known as the City Hall Riot, was a rally organized and sponsored by the Police Benevolent Association of the City of New York (PBA) held on September 16, 1992, to protest mayor David Dinkins' proposal to create a civilian agency to investigate police misconduct. Approximately 4,000 NYPD officers took place in a violent protest that included blocking traffic on the Brooklyn Bridge and jumping over police barricades in an attempt to rush City Hall. Rioters were observed to be openly drinking, damaging cars, and physically attacking journalists from the New York Times on the scene. Rioters also chanted racial epithets towards the African-American Mayor Dinkins. The nearly 300 uniformed on-duty officers did little to control the riot. Mayor Dinkins, who was not present at City Hall at the time, denounced the rally as "bordering on hooliganism" and accused PBA president Phil Caruso of inciting violence. Dinkins also accused Rudy Giuliani, who spoke at the rally, of inflaming tensions among rally attendees. Of the nearly 10,000 participating officers, Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly sanctioned 42 of them. Background Police Oversight Citizen-activists in New York City had called for a civilian review board to exercise police oversight since the 1940s. Support for these measures grew following incidents of police brutality, particularly the 1943 police shooting of Robert Bandy the 1964 murder of James Powell. In 1966, after Mayor John Lindsay modified the existing police-controlled review board to turn over power to civilian appointees, the PBA launched a successful campaign to defeat the changes through a ballot referendum. In 1992, Mayor David Dinkins, the city's first African American mayor, proposed a bill to change the leadership of the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB), the oversight body that examined complaints of police misconduct, from half-cop–half-civilian to all civilian and make it independent of the New York Police Department. The bill was proposed amid an increase in support for independent, civilian-led police oversight commissions following the beating of Rodney King and the subsequent acquittal of the police officers in the case earlier that year. Dinkins' relation with NYPD While crime significantly decreased in New York City after 1990, the city was still perceived as dangerous, and tensions between the Mayor and the police increased, particularly following the 1991 Crown Heights Riot and the Washington Heights Riot in July 1992. Following the Washington Heights riot, fueled by the beating of Jose “Kiko” Garcia, an undocumented Dominican Republican immigrant, by a police officer, Dinkins attempted to diffuse tensions by inviting Garcia's family to Gracie Mansion. The city's police felt betrayed by Dinkins' embrace of Garcia; officers interviewed by city tabloids called Garcia a "drug dealer" in reference to his past drug conviction, and claimed Dinkins' actions showed favoritism toward Mr. Garcia and bias against the police. Events Initial Rally The rally was organized and sponsored by the New York City PBA. The rally was called to protest Mayor Dinkins' proposal to create the citizen-led review board for police misconduct, as well as his handling of riots against the police in Washington Heights the previous summer, and his refusal to provide the NYPD with semi-automatic weapons. The PBA obtained a permit for a protest confined to Murray Street, a road perpendicular to City Hall that was notable lined with Irish pubs. An estimated 10,000 officers attended the rally, most of whom were bused in from around the city by the PBA. Protestors began marching around City Hall Park at 10:00 a.m. EST, gathering around speeches from PBA President Phil Caruso, previous Mayoral candidate Rudy Giuliani, and NYPC officer Michael O'Keefe, who had recently cleared by a grand for his involvement in the shooting death of a man that spurred the July riots in Washington Heights. In a speech delivered via microphone, Giuliani said “The reason the morale of the police department of the City of New York is so low is one reason and one reason alone: David Dinkins!” Attendees alternated chants of "No justice! No police!" and "The Mayor's on Crack!", and donned t-shirts and signs with slogans like "Dear Mayor, have you hugged a drug dealer today," and "Dinkins, We Know Your True Color -- Yellow Bellied." Some signs featured cartoon images depicting Dinkins with racial caricatures such as large lips and nose and an Afro, with several calling Dinkins a “washroom attendant.” Escalation The rally was originally contained to City Hall Park, but quickly started spilling out past the sawhorse barricades onto Broadway and Park Row. A crowd of 6,000 attendees remained engaged in a peaceful rally on Murray Street, however, by 10:50 a.m. EST a group of around 4,000 attendees - many of which had been drinking at the bars along Murray Street during the speeches - broke out in chants of "Take the hall! Take the hall!" before storming the barriers and into the parking lot in front of City Hall. Some officers jumped on and damaged parked cars. Upon the deluge of rioters descending City Hall, both Deputy Mayor Fritz Alexander and Acting Police Commissioner Ray Kelly summoned on-duty police officers to City Hall for crowd control. With the on-duty police called to City Hall, several thousand protesting officers marched down to the Brooklyn Bridge around 11:40 a.m. EST, meeting no resistance from the on-duty police. Ten minutes later, around 2,000 protestors blocked traffic on the bridge in both directions until about 12:20 p.m. EST, when the crowd began to dissipate. By 12:30 p.m. EST, a handful of senior police commanders showed up to the bridge to provide crowd control, and traffic was reopened by 12:40 p.m. EST. By the time protesting officers reached the bridge, the riots turned violent. Several New York Times reporters and photographers were physically assaulted by officers; and a black cameraman for CBS News was repeatedly called "nigger" by several officers. As police were leaving the protest, several off-duty officers assaulted a man on the subway who had stepped on one of the officer's feet. The man claimed that when he attempted to apologize, the offended officer tried to punch him, and that he cut the officer's face with a razor blade in self defense. Six officers then reportedly beat and kicked him, leaving the man with a broken jaw. New York Post columnist Jimmy Breslin, who was covering the event, claimed he witnessed an officer in a PBA shirt saying to a female television reporter, “Here, let me grab your ass," as well as officers shouting racial epithets towards Mayor Dinkins. Aftermath Arrests and inquiries No arrests occurred at the scene of the riots. The riots spawned two inquiries; one was led by Manhattan District Attorney Robert Morgenthau and another by Acting Police Commissioner Ray Kelly. A caucus of African-American NYPD officers, including eventual Mayor Eric Adams, called for a special prosecutor, arguing that the DA's investigation would be tainted by police influence; Mayor Dinkins pushed back on calling for a special prosecutor. Of the estimated 10,000 officers involved in the protest and subsequent riot, 87 officers were later identified from witness accounts and visual images, and only 42 officers faced disciplinary hearings for possible misconduct charges (but not criminal charges). Two of those officers were suspended; one on-duty officer charged with opening the barricades to protesters and uttering racial slurs, and one off-duty officer who had blocked traffic on the Brooklyn Bridge. Another 26 off-duty cops identified as blocking bridge traffic faced disciplinary proceedings. Among the 42 officers facing discipline were 13 on-duty officers assigned to control the crowd and a helicopter pilot who blared his chopper's horn in support of the protesters. In addition, two officers who assaulted a man on the subway following the riot were charged with felony assault, leading to one conviction on a misdemeanor charge that led to the officer's dismissal. Reactions Following the riot, Mayor Dinkins condemned the participating officers, saying “If some officers in full view of a camera and public and their superiors or officers would use racial slurs, yelling ‘n-----s,’ and some of the signs they were carrying ... I fear how they would behave when they are out in the streets." Dinkins also blamed Giuliani for his involvement, who he claimed egged on the crowd for opportunistic purposes, saying "he's seizing upon a fragile circumstance in our city for his own political gain." Acting Police Commissioner Ray Kelly said that the riots and lack of arrests following it, "raised serious questions about the department's willingness and ability to police itself." Rudy Giuliani pushed back against Dinkins' accusation, saying that his comments were "desperate and offensive," and claimed that he had urged the rioters to move away from City Hall. Giuliani sympathized with the rioters and blamed Dinkins for the unrest, saying "one of the reasons those police officers might have lost control is that we have a mayor who invites riots." PBA President Phil Caruso conceded that the protest "got out of hand", and blamed the riots and violence on both Mayor Dinkins and City Councilman Guillermo Linares, a Dominican-American representative the Washington Heights neighborhood who was critical of the police in the wake of the Garcia shooting and subsequent riots the previous July. However, Caruso sympathized with the actions of the rioting officers, saying “sometimes, in order to convey a message clearly and graphically, especially on the part of police officers, you have to see it, feel the intensity." CCRB Despite objections from the PBA and NYPD, the CCRB was reorganized and made independent from the police department in July 1993. Despite the rally's intention to dissuade support for the changes to the CCRB, the ensuing riots ultimately increased support for additional police oversight. City Council Speaker Peter Vallone Sr., who initially opposed Dinkins' plan to reform the CCRB, later supported a compromise bill on the proposal following the events of the riot. See also New York City Police Riot of 1857 History of the New York City Police Department List of incidents of civil unrest in New York City References 1992 riots 1992 in New York (state) September 1992 events Political riots in the United States Riots and civil disorder in New York City New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct 1990s in New York City 20th century in Manhattan

69842589

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance%20of%20Dylan%20Ehler

Disappearance of Dylan Ehler

Dylan Ehler is a Canadian boy who disappeared on May 6, 2020 while allegedly playing by a river near his house in Truro, Nova Scotia. Last seen on Elizabeth Street before his disappearance, which occurred during strict social distancing restrictions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Dylan became the subject of numerous news articles, podcasts and videos throughout Canada. Dylan's parents, Ashley Brown and Jason Ehler, argued that the police response to the disappearance should have been stronger. They also brought to court allegations of cyberbullying, accusing social media user Tom Hurley, who believed that Dylan was killed by someone within his immediate family and had created a Facebook group on the subject. Background Dylan Norman John Ehler (born April 16, 2017) was three years old when he went missing from his grandmother’s (Dorothy Parsons') backyard on Elizabeth Street in Truro, Nova Scotia. Dylan's mother, Ashley Brown, had gone to meet a friend for coffee and had dropped the boy off to be babysat by Dorothy. Ashley and Jason Ehler had recently been in a domestic dispute involving a broken cell phone at the time. According to Dorothy, Dylan had been in the backyard with her pet dog, and went missing when Dorothy went to tether the dog to its lead. "I went to tie the dog on her lead and I turn around and Dylan is just gone. Gone. I have no explanation," Parsons claimed, and argued that she believed that somebody had stolen Dylan. Police investigators, who began looking into the case six hours after Dylan's disappearance, believed that the boy might have fallen into Lepper Brook, which fed into Salmon River, a waterway in Truro known for a strong undercurrent. Dylan was last seen wearing a camouflage winter jacket with a fur hood and United States flag patches on the arms and chest, a red dinosaur t-shirt, camouflage jogging pants, and grey-and-orange rubber boots. The rubber boots were all that was left of Dylan after his disappearance, having been found in the water by firefighters. Allegations of police misconduct Ashley Brown and Jason Ehler have since argued that the inability to find Dylan is related in part to the lack of prompt response time by authorities, and have expressed criticism toward volunteer rescue workers aiding in the search. According to Ashley, "they never treated Dylan’s case like a criminal investigation. They just treated it like a search and rescue. I know that they didn't block off any streets. They didn't stop the public from coming into the crime scene of the area that he went missing and they were very late on issuing alerts and getting help. So I think that tunnel vision did have a play in that. Once they found the boots and that was it, that's where he went and essentially the police tell us that we need to accept it. And move on." Police searched the waterways near Dorothy Parson's backyard for several days, using underwater cameras and thermal imaging devices, as well as rigging up a mannequin with similar bodily proportions to Dylan, putting it in the water to test what would happen. Ashley Brown's videos After Dylan's disappearance, disturbing videos were discovered posted to the social media platform TikTok by Ashley Brown. One video featured Ashley smoking marijuana and calling Dylan a "motherfucker" to his face, then telling him that he would get her sent to jail one day. Another video had been posted of Ashley singing, to the tune of "Do You Want to Build a Snowman?" from Disney's Frozen; "Will you help me hide a body? Come on, we can’t delay... no one can see him on the floor... get him out the door, before he can decayyyyyyy..." The videos had been deleted by Ashley, then reposted to a true crime website, after which they were eventually removed from there, as well. They are still publicly available elsewhere. Snippets of Ashley's TikTok videos can be found featured in the W5 documentary by CTV News, Where's Dylan?. Public response In the wake of Dylan's disappearance, and in the light of Ashley Brown's video uploads, various online communities considered that Ashley or another family member had murdered Dylan and hidden his body somewhere. Katherine Laidlaw of Wired considered that this public response was in part fuelled by the rural nature of Eastern Canada and the high rate of missing persons in the province, noting that much of Nova Scotia was covered with thick forestry and undeveloped land, and that the town of Truro was most famous for "being the headquarters of one of the world’s oldest underwear factories." A Facebook group was started by Tom Hurley (using the name "Tom Hubley") with over 17,000 members at its height, where the case was debated and it was alleged that one of Dylan's family members had killed him. Dylan was jokingly compared to fictional character Georgie from the Stephen King book It, a little boy who was killed by a clown while sailing a paper boat in the water. The Ehler-Brown Family was also accused of negligence toward Dylan, leading to Halifax lawyer Allison Harris enacting Nova Scotia's "Intimate Images and Cyber-protection Act" in order to have Hurley's Facebook group removed. A settlement was reached in August 2021, in which Hurley was forbidden from contacting the Ehler-Brown Family, and from creating any new internet groups about the disappearance of Dylan. This sparked a debate about the general public's right to speculate on true crime cases even if it offended those involved, versus crossing the line into illegal content, which the Intimate Images and Cyber-protection Act does not define. In January 2022, Jason Ehler was arrested and charged with fraud after being caught using a deceased person's banking information at three different financial institutions local to the Bible Hill area. According to Saltwire, "Court information shows Ehler is accused of falsifying cheques written from Melanie MacCormick [deceased party] to himself for various amounts ranging from $100 to $800 each. He is accused of cashing in and defrauding the TD Bank, Royal Bank of Canada and Bank of Montreal in Truro, on occasions from Nov. 15 to 23, 2021. Ehler is the father of Dylan Ehler, a three-year-old boy who made headlines when he went missing in May of 2020. Police chief Dave MacNeil stated that the charges at this time have not been linked to any fundraising campaigns." Ehler-Brown Family response Ashley Brown, Jason Ehler and Dorothy Parsons have consistently maintained their lack of involvement in Dylan's disappearance. Dorothy in particular has suggested that the boy may have been kidnapped while she was busy with her dog, although the police do not suspect foul play. In an interview for CTV News, Ashley Brown admitted that her TikTok videos were inappropriate, but argued that the public has taken them out of context; the Frozen dead body song video in particular was intended, according to Ashley, to coincide with an ongoing internet trend of posting parodies of Frozen soundtracks, and Ashley's video was meant to be morbid humour in no way related to Dylan. A year after Dylan's disappearance, the Ehler-Brown Family placed numerous paper boats in Lepper Brook as a form of memorial to the boy, which the public could join in on. "Today was more of a gathering for Dylan, to talk about him and spread awareness, to hold a special moment for him," said Jason Ehler. "He would have loved to have thrown boats in the water." Ehler Alert petition In the hopes of establishing a stronger public alert system in Nova Scotia, Ashley Brown and Jason Ehler started a petition for setting up the "Ehler Alert", a public alert system which would facilitate "the rapid distribution of information to the public about young children lost in potentially hazardous environments," according to Jason. See also List of people who disappeared External links Missing Persons official page for Dylan Ehler Truro Police Service contact page References 2020s missing person cases Missing person cases in Canada Missing Canadian children Unsolved crimes in Canada

69842837

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Sherry%20Hart

Murder of Sherry Hart

Sherry E. Lyall (February 1959 – January 15, 1984; later Sherry Hart) was an American mother and murder victim. The crime happened the evening of January 15, 1984 in northwestern North Carolina in Ashe County, North Carolina. Lyall Hart was first reported missing by local sheriff's deputies as a vanishing. The background Sherry E. Hart (née Lyall) was the mother of a daughter, April (later April Billings; born 1976 or 1977 depending on information sources). Sherry had been a divorcee and was expecting a date on that night; the date, however, stood her up. She then joined friends Richard Lynn Bare (b. July 6, 1964) and Jeffrey Scott "Jeff" Burgess (born 1964 or 1965) that Sunday. When Lynn Bare started sexually advancing toward Lyall Hart, however, she rebuffed, at which point Lynn Bare then followed her down, became infuriated and slammed Lyall Hart with his pistol. Right before getting into a 1977 Ford Mustang, Bare began making orders for Burgess to head them to an area on the North Carolina Highway 16 near a bar place, almost one quarter-mile from the Blue Ridge Parkway. Bare then bolted from the Mustang alongside Lyall Hart; the latter was bleeding extremely heavily. Lynn Bare then made Burgess drive down the road, come back up and then retrieve Bare. Later, Burgess told law enforcement Lynn Bare had threatened killing Burgess and his family if he (Burgess) ever told police what happened. Burgess cooperated with police and law enforcement officials on what happened the night of Sunday, January 15, 1984 near the Jefferson and West Jefferson area. Discovery of Hart's body and arrest On Monday, December 10, 1984 (eleven months following the vanishing of Lyall Hart), her remains were found at the Jumping Off Place. Burgess and Lynn Bare were arrested three months following the discovery of Lyall Hart's body. On July 17, 1985, before he could be tried, however, Lynn Bare escaped the jail in Wilkes County. Burgess was taken to the Ashe County Jail. The then jailer was terminated two days following this incident. Later years Richard Lynn Bare was wanted by police and later Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) officials. He was shown on the programs America's Most Wanted and Unsolved Mysteries. Lynn Bare did not smoke and hated when anyone next to him did so. As of January 14, 2022, Lynn Bare had not been found or put into custody. Police say he sometimes dresses like a female. In 1993, Bare was almost arrested in Delaware at the home of a relative where he was staying. But several hours before FBI agents got there, Lynn Bare left the area. Burgess was never tried for Lyall Hart's killing; he died at age forty-seven in 2012. Burgess had been in and out of jail on separate drug-related charges and breaking and entering. April Billings (Lyall Hart's daughter) later married and had several children. As of 2021-22 she still had optimism Lynn Bare was still alive and being looked for. See also List of fugitives from justice who disappeared References American murder victims Female murder victims People murdered in North Carolina Women in North Carolina Unsolved murders in the United States 1984 murders in the United States 1959 births 1984 deaths

69843819

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20deaths%20in%20the%20United%20States%20%28July%E2%80%93December%29

2021 deaths in the United States (July–December)

Deaths in the last half of the year 2021 in the United States. For the first half of the year, see 2021 deaths in the United States (January–June). July July 1 – The Patriot, 59, professional wrestler (AWA, AJPW, WWF) (b. 1961) July 3 Robert Correia, 82, politician, mayor of Fall River (2008–2010) and member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1977–2008) (b. 1939) Haunani-Kay Trask, 71 American-born Hawaiian nationalist and author (b. 1949) July 4 Sanford Clark, 85, rockabilly singer ("The Fool", "Houston") (b. 1935) Terry Donahue, 77, Hall of Fame college football coach (UCLA Bruins) and executive (San Francisco 49ers) (b.1944) Dennis Gorski, 76, politician, member of the New York State Assembly (1975–1987), Erie County, New York executive (1988–1999) (b. 1944) Richard Lewontin, 92, evolutionary biologist (b. 1929) July 5 Didi Contractor, 91, German-American architect (b. 1929) Richard Donner, 91, film and television director and producer (The Goonies, Tales from the Crypt, Lethal Weapon films) (b. 1930) James Kallstrom, 78, FBI agent and television host (The FBI Files) (b. 1943) William Smith, actor (Laredo, Rich Man, Poor Man) (b. 1933) July 6 Tom Buford, 72, politician, member of the Kentucky Senate (since 1991) (b. 1949) Suzzanne Douglas, 64, actress (The Parent 'Hood, How Stella Got Her Groove Back, Jason's Lyric) (b. 1957) William H. Pauley III, 68, judge for the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (1998–2018), senior judge (since 2018). July 7 Greg Clark, 49, football player (San Francisco 49ers) (b. 1972) Robert Downey Sr., 85, actor (To Live and Die in L.A.), film director (Up the Academy, Putney Swope), and producer (b. 1936) Bob F. Griffin, 85, politician, member (1971–1996) and speaker (1981–1996) of the Missouri House of Representatives (b. 1935) Priscilla Johnson McMillan, 92, historian and journalist (b. 1928) Eddie Payne, 69, college basketball coach (USC Upstate Spartans, Oregon State Beavers, East Carolina Pirates) (b. 1951) Chick Vennera, 74, actor (Yanks, The Milagro Beanfield War, Animaniacs) (b. 1947) Chris Youngblood, 55, professional wrestler (WWC, FMW) (b. 1966) July 8 – Walter Thomas McGovern, 99, jurist and senior judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (since 1987) (b. 1922) July 10 Byron Berline, 77, fiddle player (b.1944) David Carter, 67, football player (Houston Oilers, New Orleans Saints) (b. 1953) Gwendolyn Faison, 96, politician, mayor of Camden, New Jersey (2000–2010) (b. 1925) Travis Fulton, 44, mixed martial artist (b. 1977) Sonny Jackson, 82, college football coach (Nicholls Colonels, McNeese State Cowboys) (b. 1938) July 11 Charlie Robinson, 75, actor (Night Court, Love & War) (b. 1945) Jerry Steele, 82, basketball coach (Guilford Quakers, Carolina Cougars, High Point Panthers) (b. 1939) July 12 Edwin Edwards, 93, politician, U.S. Representative and four-time Governor of Louisiana (b. 1927) Bertram Firestone, 89, industrial real estate developer, thoroughbred breeder and horse owner (Genuine Risk) (b. 1931) Alex Gibbs, 80, football coach (Denver Broncos, Atlanta Falcons) (b. 1941) Paul Orndorff, 71, professional wrestler (WWF, WCW) (b. 1949) Joshua Perper, 88, Romanian-born pathologist and toxicologist, chief medical examiner of Broward County, Florida (1994–2011) (b. 1932) John L. Rotz, 86, Hall of Fame jockey (b. 1934) July 13 Shirley Fry, 94, Hall of Fame tennis player (b. 1927) Margaret Richardson, 78, lawyer and public official, commissioner of internal revenue (1993–1997) (b. 1943) July 14 Sam Belnavis, 81, automobile racing executive (b. 1939) Dan Forestal, 38, politician, member of the Indiana House of Representatives (2012–2020) (b. 1983) Jeff LaBar, 58, rock guitarist (Cinderella, Naked Beggars) (b. 1963) Julian L. Lapides, 89, politician, member of the Maryland House of Delegates (1963–1967) and senate (1967–1994) (b. 1931) July 15 Yoel Kahn, 91, Russian-born Chabad rabbi (b. 1930) Jean Kraft, 94, mezzo-soprano (b. 1927) Jerry Lewis, 86, politician, member of the California State Assembly (1969–1978) and U.S. House of Representatives (1979–2013), chair of the House Appropriations Committee (2005–2007) (b. 1934) Dennis Murphy, 94, sports entrepreneur, co-founder of the American Basketball Association and World Hockey Association (b. 1926) Gloria Richardson, 99, civil rights activist (Cambridge movement) (b. 1922) Hugo F. Sonnenschein, 80, economist (Sonnenschein–Mantel–Debreu theorem) (b. 1940) July 16 Doug Bennett, 75, politician, member of the Michigan House of Representatives (2005–2010) (b. 1946) Stephen Hickman, 72, illustrator (b. 1949) Biz Markie, rapper ("Just a Friend") (b. 1964) Harry M. Rosenfeld, 91, newspaper editor (The Washington Post) (b. 1929) July 17 John "Bam" Carney, 51, politician, member of the Kentucky House of Representatives (since 2009) (b.1969) Mat George, 26, podcast host (b. 1995) Robby Steinhardt, 71, singer and violinist (Kansas) (b. 1950 July 18 – Bernie Hansen, 76, politician, member of the Chicago City Council (1983–2002) (b. 1944) July 19 Layne Flack, 52, poker player (b. 1969) Jenny Lynn, 49, bodybuilder (b. 1972) Chuck E. Weiss, 76, songwriter and vocalist (b. 1945) July 22 Greg Knapp, 58, football coach (New York Jets, Atlanta Falcons) (b. 1963) Gary Leif, 64, politician, member of the Oregon House of Representatives (since 2018) (b. 1957) July 23 David Lust, 53, politician, member of the South Dakota House of Representatives (2007–2015, 2016–2019) (b. 1968) Steven Weinberg, 88, theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (1979) (b. 1933) July 24 Rodney Alcala, 77, serial killer (b. 1943) Jackie Mason, 93, comedian and actor (The Simpsons, The Jerk, Caddyshack II) (b. 1928) July 26 Rick Aiello, 65, actor (Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, Do the Right Thing, The Sopranos) (b. 1955) Albert Bandura, psychologist (b. 1925) Mike Enzi, 77, politician, United States Senator from Wyoming (1997–2021) (b. 1944) Mike Howe, 55, heavy metal singer (Metal Church, Heretic) (b. 1965) Joey Jordison, 46, heavy metal drummer (Slipknot, Murderdolls, Sinsaenum) (b. 1975) David Von Ancken, 56, television and film director (Seraphim Falls, Tut, The Vampire Diaries) (b. 1965) July 27 Jack Carlisle, 91, college football coach (East Tennessee State) (b. 1929) Saginaw Grant, 85, actor (The World's Fastest Indian, The Lone Ranger, "Ozymandias" episode of Breaking Bad) (b. 1936) Dusty Hill, 72, Hall of Fame musician (ZZ Top) and songwriter ("Tush") (b. 1949) July 28 Wade Cook, 71, author. Nancy Frankel, 92, sculptor (b. 1929) Pete George, 92, weightlifter, Olympic champion (1952) (b. 1929) Ron Popeil, 86, inventor and businessman (Ronco) (b. 1935) July 29 Robert Dove, 82, politician and academic, parliamentarian of the United States Senate (1981–1987, 1995–2001) (b. 1938) Richard Lamm, 85, politician, governor of Colorado (1975–1987) (b. 1935) John Landon, 71, politician, member of the Iowa House of Representatives (since 2013) (b. 1950) Carl Levin, 87, politician, United States Senator from Michigan (1979–2015) (b. 1934) Janice Mirikitani, 80, poet and political activist (b. 1941) Lin-J Shell, 39, football player (Orlando Predators, Toronto Argonauts, BC Lions) (b. 1981) July 30 Jack Couffer, 96, film director (Ring of Bright Water), second unit director (Out of Africa), and cinematographer (Jonathan Livingston Seagull) (b. 1924) Jay Pickett, 60, actor (Rush Week, Eve of Destruction, Rumpelstiltskin) (b. 1961) Thea White, 81, voice actress (Courage the Cowardly Dog) (b. 1940) July 31 Charles Connor, 86, drummer (Little Richard) (b. 1935) Alvin Ing, 89, singer and actor (The Final Countdown, Stir Crazy, The Gambler) (b. 1932) Mark Tarlov, 69, film producer (Christine, Copycat), director (Simply Irresistible), and winemaker (b. 1952) August August 1 Paul Cotton, 78, singer-songwriter and guitarist (Poco) (b. 1943) June Daugherty, 64, college basketball coach (Boise State Broncos, Washington Huskies, Washington State Cougars) (b. 1956) Abe E. Pierce III, 86, politician, mayor of Monroe, Louisiana (1996–2000) (b. 1934) Tom York, 96, television personality (WBRC) (b. 1924) John Zulberti, 54, college lacrosse player (Syracuse Orange) (b. 1967) August 2 – Runoko Rashidi, 67, historian, author and scholar (b. 1954) August 3 Jerry Carter, 66, politician and pastor, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives (since 2019) (b. 1954–1955) Jody Hamilton, 82, professional wrestler (GCW), promoter (DSW) and trainer (WCW Power Plant) (b. 1938) Kelli Hand, 56, musician and DJ (b. 1965) August 4 Razzy Bailey, 82, country musician ("Midnight Hauler", "She Left Love All Over Me", "I Keep Coming Back") (b. 1939) Bobby Eaton, 62, professional wrestler (Jim Crockett Promotions, WCW, SMW) (b. 1958) Richard T. Farmer, 86, businessman and philanthropist, founder and CEO of Cintas (1968–2003) (b. 1934 or 1935) Paul Johnson, 50, DJ ("Get Get Down") and record producer (b. 1971) John H. Logie, 81, politician, mayor of Grand Rapids, Michigan (1991–2003) (b. 1939) J. R. Richard, 71, baseball player (Houston Astros) (b. 1950) Dave Severance, 102, Marine Corps colonel (Battle of Iwo Jima) (b. 1919) Betty Lou Varnum, 90, television presenter (The Magic Window) (b. 1931) Tachi Yamada, 76, Japanese-born American physician and gastroenterologist (b. 1945) August 5 Eloise Greenfield, 91, author (b. 1929) Richard Trumka, 72, labor leader, president of the AFL–CIO (since 2009) and the United Mine Workers (1982–1995) (b. 1949) Vito Valentinetti, 92, baseball player (Chicago Cubs, Washington Senators, Cleveland Indians) (b. 1928) Walter Wangerin Jr., 77, author (The Book of the Dun Cow) (b. 1944) August 6 Rita Pitka Blumenstein, 84–85, Yup'ik traditional healer (b. 1936) Ed Emery, 71, politician, member of the Missouri House of Representatives (2003–2011) and Senate (2013–2021) (b. 1950) Donald Kagan, 89, Lithuanian-born American historian (b. 1932) Trevor Moore, 41, comedian (The Whitest Kids U' Know) and actor (Miss March) (b. 1980) John A. Rizzo, 73, attorney (b. 1947) Herbert Schlosser, 95, president and CEO of NBC and co-founder of A&E (b. 1926) August 7 Paul Bragdon, 94, academic (b. 1927) Mike De Palmer, 59, tennis player and coach (Boris Becker) (b. 1961) Markie Post, 70, actress (Night Court, The Fall Guy, Hearts Afire) (b. 1950) Dennis Thomas, 70, saxophonist (Kool & the Gang) (b. 1951) Jane Withers, 95, actress (Bright Eyes, Ginger, Giant) and children's radio show host (b. 1926) August 8 Bobby Bowden, 91, Hall of Fame college football coach (Florida State, West Virginia) (b. 1929) Lila R. Gleitman, 91, academic (University of Pennsylvania) (b. 1929) Ben Kamin, 68, rabbi (b. 1953) Pierre Sprey, 84, French-born American defense analyst (Fighter Mafia) and record producer, founder of Mapleshade Records (b. 1937) Walter Yetnikoff, 87, music industry executive (CBS Records International) (b. 1933) August 9 Rand Araskog, 89, businessman, CEO of ITT Corporation (1979–1998) (b. 1931) Cameron Burrell, 26, sprinter (b. 1994) Carlton H. Colwell, 95, politician, member of the Georgia House of Representatives (1964–1995) (b. 1926) Alex Cord, 88, actor (Airwolf, Stagecoach, The Brotherhood) (b. 1933) Neal Craig, 73, football player (Cincinnati Bengals, Buffalo Bills, Cleveland Browns) (b. 1948) Roy F. Guste, 69, author, photographer, and culinary historian (b. 1951) Pat Hitchcock, 93, English-born American actress (Stage Fright, Strangers on a Train, Psycho) (b. 1928) Bob Jenkins, 73, motorsports announcer (ESPN, ABC, NBC Sports) (b. 1947) Joseph Koterski, 67, Jesuit priest, philosopher and author (b. 1953) Craig Ogletree, 53, football player (Cincinnati Bengals) (b. 1968) Chucky Thompson, 53, record producer (Bad Boy Records) (b. 1968) August 10 Neal Conan, 71, radio journalist (Talk of the Nation) (b. 1949) Tony Esposito, 78, Canadian-American Hall of Fame ice hockey player (Chicago Blackhawks, Montreal Canadiens), Stanley Cup champion (1969) (b. 1943) August 11 – Mike Finnigan, 76, keyboardist and vocalist (b. 1945) August 12 Dominic DeNucci, 89, Hall of Fame professional wrestler (Stampede Wrestling, NWA, WWWF) (b. 1932) Roger Harring, 88, Hall of Fame college football coach (Wisconsin-La Crosse) (b. 1932) August 13 Kelsey Begaye, 70, politician, president of the Navajo Nation (1999–2003) (b. 1951) Nanci Griffith, 68, singer-songwriter (b. 1953) James Hormel, 88, philanthropist, LGBT activist and diplomat, ambassador to Luxembourg (1999–2001) (b. 1933) Rich Milot, 64, football player (Washington Redskins), Super Bowl champion (1982, 1987) (b. 1957) Steve Perrin, 75, game designer (RuneQuest), technical writer and editor (b. 1946) Fez Whatley, 57, comedian and radio host (The Ron and Fez Show) (b. 1964) August 14 Keith Patchel, 65, musician and composer (b. 1955–1956) (death announced on this date) Mickey Stephens, 77, politician, member of the Georgia House of Representatives (since 2009) (b. 1944) August 15 Hiro, 90, Japanese-born American commercial photographer (b. 1930) Paul Mitchell, 64, businessman and politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (2017–2021) (b. 1956) Dick Schafrath, 84, football player (Cleveland Browns) and politician, member of the Ohio Senate (1987–2000) (b. 1937) Joe Walton, 85, football player (Washington Redskins, New York Giants) and coach (New York Jets) (b. 1935) August 16 Stanley Aronowitz, 88, political activist and lecturer (b. 1933) William R. Haine, 77, politician, member of the Illinois Senate (2002–2019) (b. 1944) Paul Muegge, 84, politician, member of the Oklahoma Senate (1990–2002) (b. 1936) John Pease, 77, football coach (b. 1943) Lucille Times, 99, civil rights activist (b. 1922) August 17 Chong-Sik Lee, 90, North Korean-born American political scientist (b. 1931) Robert Orr, 68, business executive, ambassador to the Asian Development Bank (2010–2016) (b. 1953) Leonard Thompson, 69, football player (Detroit Lions) (b. 1952) August 18 Solly Drake, 90, baseball player (Chicago Cubs, Los Angeles Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies) (b. 1930) Joseph L. Galloway, 79, newspaper correspondent and columnist (b. 1941) B. Wayne Hughes, 87, businessman, founder of Public Storage (b. 1933) Robert Smith, 85, sport executive and administrator, president of the International Baseball Federation (1981–1993) (b. 1936) Kaari Upson, 51, artist (b. 1970) August 19 Chuck Close, 81, photorealist painter (b. 1940) Bill Freehan, 79, baseball player (Detroit Tigers) and coach (Michigan Wolverines), World Series champion (1968), b. 1941 James W. Loewen, 79, sociologist, historian, and author (b. 1942) Ramo Stott, 87, racing driver (b. 1934) Jean Yokum, 90, financial executive (b. 1931) August 20 Ian Carey, 45, DJ and record producer (b. 1975) Tom T. Hall, 85, Hall of Fame singer-songwriter ("Harper Valley PTA", "I Love", "The Year That Clayton Delaney Died") (b. 1936) Mark Hamister, 69, arena football executive, owner of the Buffalo Destroyers (1999–2003) and Rochester Brigade (2001–2003) (b. 1952) Larry Harlow, 82, salsa musician and composer (b. 1939) Michael Morgan, 63, conductor (b. 1957) Igor Vovkovinskiy, 38, Ukrainian-born American law student and actor (b. 1982) Brent Yonts, 72, politician, member of the Kentucky House of Representatives (1997–2016) (b. 1949) August 21 Nickolas Davatzes, 79, television executive (A&E Networks) (b. 1942) Bill Emerson, 83, five-string banjo player (b. 1938) Don Everly, 84, Hall of Fame singer (The Everly Brothers) and songwriter ("Cathy's Clown", "When Will I Be Loved") (b. 1937) Connie Hamzy, 66, groupie (b. 1955) Thad McClammy, 78, politician, member of the Alabama House of Representatives (since 1994) (b. 1942) Floyd Reese, 73, football player (Montreal Alouettes), coach (Minnesota Vikings) and executive (Tennessee Titans) (b. 1948) Jeanne Robertson, 77, humorist, motivational speaker and Miss North Carolina 1963 (b. 1943) Guy Sansaricq, 86, Haitian-born American Roman Catholic prelate, auxiliary bishop of Brooklyn (2006–2010) (b. 1934) Frank L. Schmidt, 77, psychology professor (University of Iowa) (b. 1944) Anthony Scotto, 87, mobster (Gambino crime family) (b. 1934) Phil Valentine, 61, talk radio show host (WWTN) (b. 1951) August 22 William J. Boarman, 75, printer, public printer of the U.S. (2010–2012) (b. 1946) Kay Bullitt, 96, activist and philanthropist (b. 1925) Vivian Caver, 93, politician, member of the Washington House of Representatives (1994–1995) (b. 1928) Lloyd Dobyns, 85, news reporter (NBC News) (b. 1936) Marilyn Eastman, 87, actress (Night of the Living Dead) (b. 1933) Micki Grant, 80, playwright (Your Arms Too Short to Box with God, Working) and actress (Another World) (b. 1941) Jack Hirschman, 87, poet and social activist (b. 1933) Powell St. John, 80, singer and songwriter (Mother Earth) (b. 1940) Eric Wagner, 62, heavy metal singer (Trouble) (b. 1959) August 23 Brick Bronsky, 57, professional wrestler (Stampede) and actor (Troma, The Quest) (b. 1964) Tom Flynn, 66, author, novelist and editor (Free Inquiry), executive director of the Council for Secular Humanism (b. 1955) Michael Gage, 76, politician, member of the California State Assembly (1976–1980) (b. 1945) Robert Gerhart, 100, politician, member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (1967–1968) and Senate (1969–1972) (b. 1920) Jimmy Hayes, 31, ice hockey player (Boston Bruins, Florida Panthers, Chicago Blackhawks) (b. 1989) Michael Nader, 76, actor (Dynasty, All My Children, Fled) (b. 1945) August 24 Dale Derby, 72, physician and politician, member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives (2016–2018) (b. 1949) Nicholas Felice, 94, politician, member of the New Jersey General Assembly (1982–2002), mayor of Fair Lawn, New Jersey (1972–1974) (b. 1927) Jerry Harkness, 81, basketball player (Indiana Pacers, New York Knicks), NCAA champion (1963) (b. 1940) John Sheridan, 75, jazz pianist and arranger (b. 1946) George S. Vest, 102, diplomat, ambassador to the European Union (1981–1985) (b. 1918) August 25 – Robin Miller, 71, motorsports journalist (Indianapolis Star, Speed Channel, NBCSN) (b. 1950) August 26 Neal Brendel, 66, rugby union player (national team) (b. 1954) Kenny Malone, 83, drummer (b. 1938) Stanley A. Weiss, 94, mining executive and writer, founder of Business Executives for National Security (b. 1926) August 27 Edmond H. Fischer, 101, Nobel Prize winning biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (1992) (b. 1920) Hae Un Lee, 79, South Korean-born American businessman, founder of Lee's Discount Liquor (b. 1942) Sam Salter, 46, R&B singer (b. 1975) L. Neil Smith, 75, science fiction author (The Lando Calrissian Adventures) (b. 1946) Lucille Whipper, 93, politician, member of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1985–1995) (b. 1928) August 28 – Ida Keeling, 106, centenarian track and field athlete (b. 1915) August 29 Ed Asner, 91, actor (The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Elf, Up), president of the Screen Actors Guild (1981–1985), seven-time Emmy winner (b. 1929) Ron Bushy, 79, drummer (Iron Butterfly) (b. 1941) Peggy Farrell, 89, costume designer (Dog Day Afternoon, Holocaust, The Stepford Wives), Emmy winner (1978) (b. 1932) John A. Kaneb, 86, businessman, CEO of HP Hood, part-owner of the Boston Red Sox (b. 1934) August 30 Junior Coffey, 79, football player (Green Bay Packers, Atlanta Falcons, New York Giants) (b. 1942) Cecil Souders, 100, football player (Detroit Lions) (b. 1921) Robert David Steele, 69, CIA officer and conspiracy theorist (b. 1952) Lee Williams, 75, gospel singer (b. 1946) August 31 Michael Constantine, actor (b. 1927) Julie Ditty, 42, tennis player (b. 1979) George S. Tolley, 95, agricultural economist (b. 1925) September September 1 Daffney, 46, professional wrestler (TNA, WCW) (b. 1975) Carol Fran, 87, soul blues singer, pianist and songwriter (b. 1933) Jim Fuller, 76, football player and coach (Alabama Crimson Tide, Jacksonville State Gamecocks) (b. 1945) Dan Swecker, 74, politician, member of the Washington State Senate (1995–2013) (b. 1947) September 2 Steve Lawler, 56, professional wrestler and trainer (b. 1965) Keith McCants, 53, football player (Alabama Crimson Tide, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Houston Oilers) (b. 1968) David Patten, 47, football player (New York Giants, New England Patriots, Washington Redskins) (b. 1974) September 3 Philip Jamison, 96, watercolorist (b. 1925) Yolanda Lopez, 78, painter, printmaker, and film producer (b. 1942) September 4 Dell Furano, 70, music industry executive and entrepreneur (b. 1951) Tunch Ilkin, 63, Turkish-born American football player (Pittsburgh Steelers) and broadcaster (b. 1957) Willard Scott, 87, weatherman (Today) (b. 1934) Alberto Vilar, 80, investment manager, arts patron and convicted fraudster (b. 1940) September 5 Carmen Balthrop, 73, operatic soprano (b. 1948) Eugene N. Borza, 86, historian and academic (b. 1935) Robert P. Hollenbeck, 89, politician, member of the New Jersey General Assembly (1974–1986) (b. 1931) Jonathan Mirsky, 88, journalist and historian (b. 1932) September 6 Dick Parfitt, 90, college basketball coach (Central Michigan Chippewas) (b. 1931) Frank Russell, 72, basketball player (Detroit Titans, Chicago Bulls) (b. 1949) Todd Scully, 72, Olympian (b. 1948) Adlai Stevenson III, 90, politician, U.S. senator (1970–1981), Illinois Treasurer (1967–1970) and member of the House of Representatives (1965–1967) (b. 1930) Michael K. Williams, 54, actor (The Wire, Boardwalk Empire, The Gambler) (b. 1966) September 7 Rick Arrington, 74, football player (Philadelphia Eagles) (b. 1947) Carl Bean, 77, Protestant church leader, singer ("I Was Born This Way") and LGBT rights activist (b. 1944) Terry Brennan, 93, college football player and coach (Notre Dame) (b. 1928) Elizabeth A. Clark, 82, professor (b. 1938) Sam Cunningham, 71, football player (New England Patriots) (b. 1950) Phil Schaap, 70, disc jockey and jazz historian (b. 1951) Warren Storm, 84, swamp pop drummer and vocalist (b. 1937) Bill White, 76, professional wrestler (WWWF, GCW, JCP) (b. 1945) September 8 Derek Bailey, 48, tribal leader and convicted sex offender, chairman of the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians (2008–2012) (b. 1972) Big Daddy Graham, 68, radio presenter (WIP-FM) and comedian (b. 1953) Betty Karnette, 89, politician, member of the California State Assembly (1992–1994, 2004–2008) and Senate (1996–2004) (b. 1931) Art Metrano, 84, actor and comedian (b. 1936) Robert A. Rovner, 77, politician and lawyer, member of the Pennsylvania State Senate (1971–1974) (b. 1943) September 9 Marianne Battani, 77, federal judge, Eastern District of Michigan (since 2000) (b. 1944) Harold Franklin, 88, history professor; first African American student at Auburn University (b. 1932) Gene Littles, 78, basketball player (Carolina Cougars) and coach (Cleveland Cavaliers, Charlotte Hornets) (b. 1943) Richard McGeagh, 77, water polo player and Olympic swimmer (1964) (b. 1944) September 10 – Stephen H. Grimes, 93, judge, justice for the Supreme Court of Florida (1987–1996) (b. 1927) September 11 Tommy Hazouri, 76, politician, mayor of Jacksonville (1987–1991) and member of the Florida House of Representatives (1974–1986) (b. 1944) Mick Tingelhoff, 81, Hall of Fame football player (Minnesota Vikings) (b. 1940) Gloria Warren, 95, actress (b. 1926)(Dangerous Money, Cinderella Swings It, Bells of San Fernando) and singer. September 12 Fran Bennett, 84, actress (Nightingales, Sunset Beach, New Nightmare) (b. 1937) Ben Best, 46, screenwriter (Eastbound & Down) and actor (Superbad, Land of the Lost) (b. 1974) Wendell Wise Mayes Jr., 97, radio and cable television executive (b. 1924) James Snyder Jr., 76, author, attorney and politician, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives (1969–1973) (b. 1945) John Shelby Spong, 90, Episcopal prelate, bishop of Newark (1979–2000) (b. 1931) Bruce Spraggins, 82, basketball player (Philadelphia Tapers, New Jersey Americans) (b. 1939) September 13 Mike Boyle, 77, politician, mayor of Omaha, Nebraska (1981–1987) (b. 1944) Ruly Carpenter, 81, baseball executive, president of the Philadelphia Phillies (1972–1981) (b. 1940) Don Collier, 92, actor (Bonanza, Gunsmoke, The High Chaparral) (b. 1928) Bob Enyart, 62, talk radio host (b. 1959) Parys Haralson, 37, football player (Tennessee Volunteers, San Francisco 49ers, New Orleans Saints) (b. 1984) George Wein, 95, festival promoter and jazz pianist, founder of the Newport Jazz Festival, Newport Folk Festival, and New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival (b. 1925) Earl P. Yates, 97, Navy rear admiral (b. 1923) September 14 George Ferencz, 74, theatre director (b. 1947) Dave Jenks, 79, author and real estate mogul (b. 1942) Reuben Klamer, 99, board game inventor (The Game of Life) (b. 1922) Norm Macdonald, 61, Canadian comedian (Saturday Night Live) (b. 1959) September 15 Norman Bailey, 88, British-born American opera singer (b. 1933) Carl DePasqua, 93, college football player (Pittsburgh Panthers) and coach (Waynesburg) (b. 1927) Leta Powell Drake, 83, broadcaster and television executive (KOLN-TV) (b. 1938) Leonard Gibbs, 73, percussionist (b. 1948) Penny Harrington, 79, police officer (b. 1942) Satoshi Hirayama, 91, baseball player (Hiroshima Carp) (b. 1930) W. Tayloe Murphy Jr., 88, politician, member of the Virginia House of Delegates (1982–2000) and Virginia secretary of natural resources (2002–2006) (b. 1933) Joel Rapp, 87, film director and television writer (High School Big Shot, McHale's Navy, Gilligan's Island) (b. 1934) Bill Sudakis, 75, baseball player (Los Angeles Dodgers, Texas Rangers, New York Yankees) (b. 1946) September 16 George Mraz, 77, Czech-born American jazz musician (b. 1944) Jane Powell, 92, actress (A Date with Judy, Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, Royal Wedding), singer and dancer (b. 1929) Steve Riley, 68, football player (Minnesota Vikings) (b. 1952) John Ruggie, 76, political scientist (b. 1944) Ruth C. Sullivan, 97, autism advocate (b. 1924) September 17 Roger Brown, 84, Hall of Fame football player (Maryland State, Detroit Lions, Los Angeles Rams) (b. 1937) Russ Dallen, 58, economist (b. 1963) (death announced on this date) Tim Donnelly, 77, actor (Emergency!, The Secret of Santa Vittoria, The Toolbox Murders) (b. 1944 Basil Hoffman, 83, actor (The Artist, Hill Street Blues, Santa Barbara) (b. 1938) September 18 Neil McCarthy, 81, college basketball player (Sacramento State Hornets) and coach (Weber State Wildcats, New Mexico State Aggies) (b. 1940) Mick McGinty, artist (Street Fighter II) Albert J. Raboteau, 78, religion scholar, dean of Princeton University Graduate School (1992–1993) (b. 1943) September 19 James Bilbray, 83, politician and postal executive, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1987–1995) and chairman of the Board of Governors of the USPS (2014–2016) (b. 1938) Richard Buckley, 72, journalist and writer (b. 1948–1949) Steve Davisson, 63, politician, member of the Indiana House of Representatives (since 2010) (b. 1957–1958) Richard Lachmann, 65, sociologist (b. 1956) Gabby Petito, 22, vandweller (b. 1999) (body discovered on this date) Ronald F. Probstein, 93, engineer (b. 1928) September 20 Colin Bailey, 87, English-born American jazz drummer (b. 1934) Sherwood Boehlert, 84, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1983–2007) and chair of the House Science Committee (2001–2007) (b. 1937) Cloyd Boyer, 94, baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals) (b. 1927 Sarah Dash, 76, singer (Labelle) (b. 1945) Jim Van Engelenhoven, 78, politician, member of the Iowa House of Representatives (1999–2012) (b. 1943) Chauncey Howell, 86, journalist (Women's Wear Daily, The New York Times, WNBC) (b. 1935) Billy Maxwell, 92, golfer (b. 1929) September 21 Angelo Codevilla, 78, Italian-born American professor emeritus of international relations (b. 1943) Marcia Freedman, 83, American-Israeli activist, MK (1974–1977) (b. 1938) Willie Garson, 57, actor (Sex and the City, White Collar, John from Cincinnati) (b. 1964) Marilyn Golden, 67, disability advocate (b. 1954) Al Harrington, 85, Samoan-American actor (Hawaii Five-O) (b. 1935) Joan Howard Maurer, 94, author and actress John Brendan McCormack, 86, Roman Catholic prelate, bishop of Manchester (1998–2011) (b. 1935) Jack Minore, 82, politician, member of the Michigan House of Representatives (1999–2004) (b. 1938) Peter Palmer, 90, actor (Li'l Abner, Custer) (b. 1931) Melvin Van Peebles, 89, film director, actor and playwright (Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, Posse, Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death) (b. 1932) Anthony Pilla, 88, Roman Catholic prelate, auxiliary bishop (1979–1980) and bishop (1980–2006) of Cleveland (b. 1932) Frank Pratt, 79, politician, member of the Arizona Senate (2017–2021) and House of Representatives (2009–2017, since 2021) (b. 1942) September 22 Bob Moore, 88, session bassist and orchestra leader (b. 1932) Floyd Sagely, 89, football player (b. 1932) Jay Sandrich, 89, Hall of Fame television director (The Mary Tyler Moore Show, The Cosby Show, Soap), four-time Emmy winner (b. 1932) September 23 David H. DePatie, 91, film and television producer (The Pink Phink, The Lorax, Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends) (b. 1929) Andrew Douglas, 89, jurist justice of the Ohio Supreme Court (1985–2002) (b. 1932) Pee Wee Ellis, 80, saxophonist, composer and arranger (b. 1941) Bruce Fleisher, 72, golfer (b. 1948) Natalie Meyer, 91, politician, Secretary of State of Colorado (1983–1995) (b. 1930) Charles Grier Sellers, 98, historian (b. 1923) John August Swanson, 83, visual artist (b. 1938) Sue Thompson, 96, pop and country singer ("Sad Movies (Make Me Cry)", "Norman") (b. 1925) September 24 Cornelia Clark, 71, jurist, justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court (since 2005) (b. 1950) Freddie Fu, 70, Hong Kong-American orthopaedic surgeon (b. 1950–1951) Diana Natalicio, 82, academic administrator, president of the University of Texas at El Paso (1988–2019) (b. 1939) Raymundo Joseph Peña, 87, Roman Catholic prelate, bishop of El Paso (1980–1995) and Brownsville (1995–2009) (b. 1934) September 25 – Walter Scott Jr., 90, civil engineer, CEO of Kiewit Corporation (1979–1998) (b. 1931) September 26 Frances Farenthold, 94, politician, member of the Texas House of Representatives (1969–1973) (b. 1926) George Frayne IV, 77, singer and keyboardist (Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen) (b. 1944) Bobby Zarem, 84, publicist (b. 1936) September 27 Andrea Martin, 49, singer-songwriter ("I Love Me Some Him", "Before You Walk Out of My Life", "Don't Let Go"), and producer (b. 1972) James L. Mathewson, 83, politician, member of the Missouri House of Representatives (1974–1980) and Senate (1980–2006) (b. 1938) September 28 Karan Armstrong, 79, operatic soprano (b. 1941) Will Bagley, 71, historian and writer (Blood of the Prophets) (b. 1950) James Buswell, 74, violinist (b. 1946) Edward Helfrick, 93, politician, member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (1977–1980), and Senate (1981–2003) (b. 1928) Tommy Kirk, 79, actor (Old Yeller, The Shaggy Dog, The Misadventures of Merlin Jones) (b. 1941) Phi Nhung, 49, Vietnamese-American singer and actress (b. 1972) Lonnie Smith, 79, jazz musician (b. 1942) Ray Snell, 63, football player (Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Pittsburgh Steelers, Detroit Lions) (b. 1958) Moshe David Tendler, 95, rabbi and biologist (b. 1926) September 29 Ravil Isyanov, 59, Russian-born American actor (GoldenEye, K-19: The Widowmaker, Transformers: Dark of the Moon) (b. 1962) Lee Quarnstrom, 81, journalist (b. 1939–1940) Mike Renzi, 75, composer and music director (Sesame Street) (b. 1946) Michael Tylo, 73, actor (The Young and the Restless, Zorro, Guiding Light) (b. 1948) September 30 Carlisle Floyd, 95, opera composer (b. 1926) John Rigas, 96, businessman and convicted fraudster, co-founder of the Adelphia Communications Corporation (b. 1924) October October 1 Buddy Alliston, 87, football player (Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Denver Broncos) (b. 1933) Raymond Gniewek, 89, violinist (b. 1931) Lissy Jarvik, 97, Dutch-born American psychiatrist (b. 1924) Frank Locascio, 89, mobster (Gambino crime family) (b. 1932) Andrea Schroeder, 57, politician, member of the Michigan House of Representatives (since 2019) (b. 1964) October 2 Jack Biondolillo, 81, bowler, (b. 1940) Dana Bumgardner, 67, politician, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives (since 2013) (b. 1954) Anthony Downs, 90, economist and politologist (An Economic Theory of Democracy) (b. 1930) Richard Evans, 86, actor (Peyton Place, Islands in the Stream, Dirty Little Billy) (b. 1935) Chuck Hartenstein, 79, baseball player (Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Cardinals) (b. 1942) Jim Hess, 84, high school and college football coach (Angelo State Rams, Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks, New Mexico State Aggies) (b. 1936) Mortimer Mishkin, 94, neuropsychologist (b. 1926) Bill Russo, 74, college football coach (Lafayette Leopards, Wagner Seahawks) (b. 1947) John Wes Townley, 31, racing driver (NASCAR Camping World Truck Series) (b. 1989) Sidney Walton, 102, World War II veteran (b. 1919) Major Wingate, 37, basketball player (Springfield Armor, Shanxi Zhongyu, Tofas Bursa) (b. 1983) October 3 Todd Akin, 74, politician, member of the Missouri (1989–2001) and U.S. House of Representatives (2001–2013) (b. 1947) Lee Brozgol, 80, artist (b. 1941) Cynthia Harris, 87, actress (Mad About You, Up the Sandbox, Three Men and a Baby) (b. 1934) Irwin Marcus, 102, psychiatrist (b. 1919) Neal Sher, 74, lawyer (b. 1947) October 4 Mike Connelly, 85, football player (Dallas Cowboys) (b. 1935) Alan Kalter, 78, television announcer (Late Show with David Letterman) (b. 1943) Budge Patty, 97, Hall of Fame tennis player (b. 1924) Eddie Robinson, 100, baseball player and general manager (Cleveland Indians, New York Yankees, Texas Rangers) (b. 1920) Sebastian Shaw, 53, Vietnamese-born American serial killer (b. 1967) October 5 Hobo Jim, 68, folk singer-songwriter (b. 1952–1953) Ernest Lee Johnson, 61, convicted criminal (b. 1960) Jerry Shipp, 86, basketball player, Olympic champion (1964) (b. 1935) October 6 Lou Antonelli, 64, author (b. 1957) Patricia McMahon Hawkins, 72, diplomat, ambassador to Togo (2008–2011) (b. 1948–1949) Patrick Horgan, 92, British-born American actor (Ryan's Hope, The Doctors) (b. 1929) (death announced on this date) Martin J. Sherwin, 84, historian and biographer (American Prometheus), Pulitzer Prize winner (2006) (b. 1937) Sheldon Stone, 75, particle physicist (b. 1946) Ted Venetoulis, 87, politician (b. 1934) October 7 Myriam Sarachik, 88, experimental physicist (b. 1933) Jan Shutan, 88, actress (Room 222, Ben Casey) (b. 1932) Ralph Spinella, 98, Olympic fencer (1960) (b. 1923) October 8 Pauline Bart, 91, sociologist (b. 1930) Yisrayl Hawkins, 87, cult leader (House of Yahweh) (b. 1933–1934) Raymond T. Odierno, 67, military officer, chief of staff of the Army (2011–2015) (b. 1954) Richard Ohmann, 90, literary critic (b. 1931) Jorge Antonio Solis, 70, federal judge, Northern District of Texas (1991–2016) (b. 1951) Jem Targal, 74, bass guitarist and singer-songwriter (b. 1946–1947) October 9 Rich Barry, 81, baseball player (Philadelphia Phillies) (b. 1940) Jean Ledwith King, 97, attorney, teacher and political activist (b. 1924) Shawn McLemore, 54, gospel singer (b. 1967) Dee Pop, 65, drummer (Bush Tetras, The Gun Club) (b. 1956) Anne Saxelby, 40, cheesemonger (b. 1981) October 10 Granville Adams, 58, actor (Oz, Homicide: Life on the Street, Empire) (b. 1962–1963) Ken Casanega, 100, football player (San Francisco 49ers) (b. 1921) Jim Coley, 70, politician, member of the Tennessee House of Representatives (2007–2020) (b. 1951) Bob Herron, 97, stuntman (Spartacus, Diamonds Are Forever, Rocky) and actor (b. 1924) David Kennedy, 82, advertising executive, co-founder of Wieden+Kennedy (b. 1938–1939) Joyce Lebra, 95, historian (b. 1925) Peter O'Donnell, 97, businessman, investor, and philanthropist (b. 1924) Megan Rice, 91, nun and nuclear disarmament activist (b. 1930) Ruthie Tompson, 111, animator (Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo) (b. 1910) October 11 Tony DeMarco, 89, Hall of Fame boxer, world welterweight champion 1955 (b. 1932) Duane E. Dewey, 89, soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1931) Deon Estus, 65, singer and bassist (Wham!, George Michael) (b. 1956) Jack J. Grynberg, 89, Polish-born American oil and gas developer (b. 1932) Bill Hudson, 88, politician, member of the Alaska House of Representatives (1987–1995, 1997–2003) (b. 1932) Ray Sullivan, 44, politician, member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives (2005–2011) (b. 1977) Herbert L. Wilkerson, 101, military officer, commanding general of Camp Lejeune (1972–1973) (b. 1919) October 12 Leon Black, 89, college basketball coach (Texas Longhorns) (b. 1931–1932) Warren Bryant, 65, football player (Atlanta Falcons, Los Angeles Raiders) (b. 1955) Ricarlo Flanagan, 41, comedian and actor (Shameless, Walk the Prank) (b. 1980) Brian Goldner, 58, business executive and film producer (Transformers, G.I. Joe), CEO of Hasbro (2008–2021) (b. 1963) Julie L. Green, 60, visual artist (b. 1961) Roy Horan, 71, actor (Game of Death II, Snake in the Eagle's Shadow) and martial artist (b. 1950) Marcus Malone, 77, percussionist (Santana) and composer ("Soul Sacrifice") (b. 1944) Bruce Spraggins, 82, basketball player (Virginia Union Panthers, New Jersey Americans) (b. 1939) Kariamu Welsh, 72, choreographer (b. 1949) October 13 Otis Armstrong, 70, Hall of Fame football player (Purdue Boilermakers, Denver Broncos) (b. 1950) Timuel Black, 102, historian and civil rights activist (b. 1918) Ray Fosse, 74, baseball player (Cleveland Indians, Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners, Milwaukee Brewers) and broadcaster, World Series champion (1973, 1974) (b. 1947) Bill Hager, 74, politician (b. 1947) Dale Kildee, 92, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1977–2013), Michigan Senate (1975–1976) and House of Representatives (1965–1974) (b. 1929) Earl Old Person, 92, Blackfeet tribal leader (b. 1929) Gary Paulsen, 82, novelist (Hatchet, Dogsong, The River) (b. 1939) Clem Tillion, 96, politician, member of the Alaska House of Representatives (1963–1975) and Senate (1975–1981), Senate president (1979–1981) (b. 1925) October 14 Emani 22, 22, R&B singer (b. 1989) Phil Leadbetter, 59, musician, resonator guitar player (b. 1962) Tom Morey, 86, musician, engineer and surfboard shaper (b. 1935) Diane Weyermann, 66, film producer (Collective, An Inconvenient Truth, RBG) (b. 1954–1955) October 15 Tuineau Alipate, 54, Tongan-born American football player (Minnesota Vikings, Saskatchewan Roughriders, New York Jets) (b. 1967) Dan Benishek, 69, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (2011–2017) (b. 1952) Joanna Cameron, 70, actress (The Secrets of Isis, I Love My Wife, Pretty Maids All in a Row) (b. 1951) Larry Koon, 77, politician, member of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1975–2005) (b. 1944) Dorothy Steel, 95, actress (Black Panther, Poms, Jumanji: The Next Level) (b. 1926) Don Stonesifer, 94, football player (Chicago Cardinals) (b. 1927) Dave Washington, 73, football player (Denver Broncos, Buffalo Bills, San Francisco 49ers) (b. 1948) October 16 Wes Cooley, 65, motorcycle road racer (b. 1956 Dennis Franks, 68, football player (Philadelphia Eagles) (b. 1953) Frank Hargrove, 94, politician, member of the Virginia House of Delegates (1982–2010) (b. 1927) Betty Lynn, 95, actress (The Andy Griffith Show, Cheaper by the Dozen, Meet Me in Las Vegas) (b. 1926) Paul Salata, 94, football player (San Francisco 49ers) and actor (Angels in the Outfield, The Kid from Left Field) (b. 1926) Pat Studstill, 83, football player (Detroit Lions, Los Angeles Rams, New England Patriots) (b. 1938) Ron Tutt, 83, drummer (Elvis Presley) (b. 1938) October 17 Chuck Bundrant, 79, businessman, co-founder and chairman of Trident Seafoods (b. 1941–1942) Brian Gassaway, 49, mixed martial artist (UFC) (b. 1972) Bruce Gaston, 74, Thai classical musician (b. 1947) David M. Livingston, 80, physician (b. 1941) Mike McCoy, 73, petroleum engineer, businessman, and former minority owner of the Dallas Cowboys (b. 1948) Floyd Salas, 90, novelist and social activist (b. 1931) October 18 Christopher Ayres, 56, voice actor (Dragon Ball, One Piece, Black Butler) (b. 1965) Val Bisoglio, 95, actor (Saturday Night Fever, The Frisco Kid, Quincy, M.E.) (b. 1926) Ralph Carmichael, 94, composer (The Blob, My Mother the Car) and arranger (b. 1927) Maxine Conder, 95, Navy rear admiral, director, Navy Nurse Corps (1975–1979) (b. 1926) Jo-Carroll Dennison, 97, pageant winner (Miss America 1942) and actress (Winged Victory, The Jolson Story) (b. 1923) David Finn, 100, public relations executive and photographer, co-founder of Ruder Finn (b. 1921) Charlie Kulp, 96, aerobatic pilot (b. 1925) William Lucking, 80, actor (Sons of Anarchy, The Rundown, The Magnificent Seven Ride) (b. 1941) Pamela McCorduck, 80, English-born American author and journalist (b. 1940) Colin Powell, 84, Army general and politician, U.S. Secretary of State (2001–2005), Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989–1993), National Security Advisor (1986–1987) (b. 1937) Charles Ryan, 94, politician, mayor of Springfield, Massachusetts (1962–1967, 2004–2008) (b. 1927) Bill Zeliff, 85, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1991–1997) (b. 1936) October 19 Jack Angel, 90, voice actor (Voltron, The Transformers, A.I. Artificial Intelligence) (b. 1930) Tullis Onstott, 66, geologist (b. 1955) October 20 Pat Campbell, 61, talk radio host (KFAQ) (b. 1960) Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, 87, Hungarian-American psychologist (flow state concept) (b. 1934) Tom Hannegan, 51, politician, member of the Missouri House of Representatives (since 2017) (b. 1970) Michael Laughlin, 82, film director (Strange Invaders), producer (Two-Lane Blacktop), and writer (Town & Country) (b. 1938) Brian Laundrie, 23, (former) partner to famous YouTube star Gabby Petitio. Remains found on this date. Jerry Pinkney, 81, illustrator (John Henry, The Talking Eggs: A Folktale from the American South) and children's writer (The Lion & the Mouse) (b. 1939) October 21 George Butler, 78, British-American filmmaker (Pumping Iron, The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition, Going Upriver) (b. 1943) Kathy Flores, 66, rugby union player (b. 1955) Martha Henry, 83, American-born Canadian actress (The Wars, Dancing in the Dark, Mustard Bath) (b. 1938) Halyna Hutchins, 42, Ukrainian-born American cinematographer (Archenemy, Darlin', Rust) (b. 1979) Robin McNamara, 74, singer-songwriter ("Lay a Little Lovin' on Me") and musician (b. 1947) Quandra Prettyman, 88, professor of African-American studies and English Literature at Barnard College (b. 1933) October 22 Jay Black, 82, singer (Jay and the Americans) (b. 1938) Cap Dierks, 89, politician, member of the Nebraska Legislature (1987–2003, 2007–2011) (b. 1932) Valentin Gapontsev, 82, Russian-American businessman, founder of IPG Photonics (b. 1939) Peter Scolari, 66, actor (Newhart, Bosom Buddies, Girls), Emmy winner (2016) (b. 1955) October 23 Theodore H. Geballe, 101, physicist (b. 1920) Bob Neumeier, 70, sportscaster (WBZ, ESPN, NBC Sports) (b. 1950) Carolyn Pollan, 84, politician (b. 1937) Grant Woods, 67, politician, Arizona attorney general (1991–1999) (b. 1954) October 24 Gene Freidman, 50, Russian-American taxi executive (b. 1970) Arnold Hano, 99, novelist, biographer and journalist (b. 1922) Sonny Osborne, 83, bluegrass musician (Osborne Brothers) and banjo player (b. 1937) James Michael Tyler, 59, actor (Friends, Motel Blue) (b. 1962) October 25 Willie Cobbs, 89, blues singer, harmonica player and songwriter ("You Don't Love Me") (b. 1932) Ginny Mancini, 97, big band singer and philanthropist, wife of Henry Mancini (b. 1924) Tim Thompson, 97, baseball player (Brooklyn Dodgers, Kansas City Athletics, Detroit Tigers) (b. 1924) October 26 Linda Carlson, 76, actress (The Beverly Hillbillies, Murder One, Kaz) (b. 1945) Joe Lee Dunn, 75, college football player and coach (New Mexico Lobos, Ole Miss Rebels) (b. 1946) Walter Herbert, 73, music manager (Steve Miller Band, Roxette, Europe) and musician (b. 1948) Mike Lucci, 81, football player (Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions), Pro Bowl selection (1971) (b. 1939) Rose Lee Maphis, 98, country music singer (b. 1922) Mort Sahl, 94, Canadian-born American comedian (hungry i) and actor (In Love and War, All the Young Men) (b. 1927) Glen Tuckett, 93, college baseball coach (BYU Cougars) and athletic director (Brigham Young University) (b. 1927) October 27 William Cook, 57, computer scientist (b. 1963) Bob Ferry, 84, basketball player (Detroit Pistons, St. Louis Hawks) and executive (Washington Bullets) (b. 1937) Tyler Herron, 35, baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals) (b. 1986) Russell Jennings, 66, politician, member of the Kansas House of Representatives (since 2013) (b. 1955) Wakefield Poole, 85, dancer, choreographer and adult filmmaker (Boys in the Sand, Bijou) (b. 1936) October 28 Linwood Holton, 98, politician, governor of Virginia (1970–1974) (b. 1923) Calvin Jones, 70, football player (Denver Broncos) (b. 1951) Jovita Moore, 54, news anchor (WSB-TV) (b. 1967) Camille Saviola, 71, actress (The Purple Rose of Cairo, Addams Family Values, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) (b. 1950) Dick Szymanski, 89, football player (Baltimore Colts) (b. 1932) Mike Trivisonno, 74, radio broadcaster (WTAM) (b. 1947) October 29 Gustave Diamond, 93, federal judge, Western District of Pennsylvania (since 1978) (b. 1928) Fran Frisch, 73, cartoonist (b. 1948) Raoul Middleman, 86, painter (b. 1935) October 30 Harris Berman, 83, physician, dean of Tufts University School of Medicine (2009–2019) (b. 1938) Jerry Remy, 68, baseball player (California Angels, Boston Red Sox) and broadcaster (NESN) (b. 1953) Justus Rosenberg, 100, Polish-born American educator and Resistance member during World War II (b. 1921) Ron Serafini, 67, ice hockey player (California Golden Seals) (b. 1953) Lafayette Stribling, 87, basketball coach (Mississippi Valley State University, Tougaloo College) (b. 1934) October 31 Frank Farrar, 92, politician, attorney general (1963–1969) and governor (1969–1971) of South Dakota (b. 1929) Miguel Mena, 34, Peruvian-born American jockey (b. 1986) November November 1 Aaron Beck, 100, psychiatrist (Cognitive therapy, Beck Depression Inventory), co-founder of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy (b. 1921) Emmett Chapman, 85, jazz musician (b. 1936) Pat Martino, 77, jazz guitarist and composer (b. 1944) Lawrence Donald Soens, 95, Roman Catholic prelate, bishop of Sioux City (1983–1998) (b. 1926) William Spaulding, 97, politician, member of the Council of the District of Columbia (1975–1987) (b. 1924) November 2 John Aiken, 89, ice hockey player (Montreal Canadiens) (b. 1932) Jane Brown Grimes, 80, Hall of Fame tennis executive, president of the United States Tennis Association (2007–2008) (b. 1941) Flora D. Crittenden, 97, educator and politician, member of the Virginia House of Delegates (1993–2004) (b. 1924) Paul A. Libby, 100, fluid dynamicist and academic (b. 1921) John Marshall, 76, football player (San Francisco 49ers, Seattle Seahawks, Green Bay Packers) (b. 1945) Dennis Moore, 75, politician and lawyer, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1999–2011) (b. 1945) Declan Mulligan, 83, Irish-born American rock musician (The Beau Brummels) (b. 1938) Neal Smith, 101, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1959–1995) (b. 1920) November 3 Wilma Chan, 72, politician, member of the California State Assembly (2000–2006) and the Alameda County Board of Supervisors (1995–2000, since 2011) (b. 1949) Tom Matte, 82, football player (Baltimore Colts) (b. 1939) Warren Powers, 80, football player (Oakland Raiders) and coach (Missouri Tigers, Washington State Cougars) (b. 1941) November 4 Barbara-Rose Collins, 82, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1991–1997) (b. 1939) Aaron Feuerstein, 95, industrialist and philanthropist, CEO of Malden Mills (b. 1925) Ruth Ann Minner, 86, politician, governor of Delaware (2001–2009), member of the Delaware House of Representatives (1975–1983) and Senate (1983–1993) (b. 1935) Mike Pitts, 61, football player (Philadelphia Eagles, Atlanta Falcons, New England Patriots) (b. 1960) Claude Nelson Warren, 89, anthropologist (b. 1932) Roger Zatkoff, 90, football player (Green Bay Packers, Detroit Lions) (b. 1931) November 5 Charlie Burns, 85, American-born Canadian ice hockey player (Minnesota North Stars, Boston Bruins, Pittsburgh Penguins) (b. 1936) Robert S. Kiss, 63, politician, speaker of the West Virginia House of Delegates (1997–2007) (b. 1957) Ross Tolleson, 65, politician (b. 1956) November 6 Peter Aykroyd, 66, Canadian comedian (Saturday Night Live) and actor (Coneheads, Nothing but Trouble) (b. 1955) Angelo Mosca, 84, Hall of Fame football player (Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Ottawa Rough Riders) and professional wrestler (NWA) (b. 1937) Shawn Rhoden, 46, Jamaican-American professional bodybuilder, Mr. Olympia winner (2018) (b. 1975) Harvey White, 83, football player (Boston Patriots) (b. 1938) November 7 Dean Stockwell, 85, actor (Quantum Leap, Married to the Mob, Paris, Texas) (b. 1936) Ronnie Williams, 59, basketball player (Florida Gators, Tampa Bay Thrillers, Mississippi Jets) (b. 1962) November 8 Medina Dixon, 59, basketball player (Old Dominion Lady Monarchs), Olympic bronze medalist (1992) (b. 1962) Margo Guryan, 84, singer-songwriter ("Sunday Mornin'") (b. 1937) Peter Zimroth, 78, attorney (b. 1943) November 9 Max Cleland, 79, politician, senator (1997–2003), Georgia secretary of state (1983–1996) and administrator of veterans affairs (1977–1981) (b. 1942) Jerry Douglas, 88, actor (The Young and the Restless) (b. 1932) Willis Forko, 37, Liberian-American footballer (Real Salt Lake, Bodø/Glimt, national team) (b. 1983) Larry Gordon, 76, musician (b. 1945) Richard Kyanka, 45, blogger, founder of Something Awful (b. 1976) Duane Wilson, 87, baseball player (Boston Red Sox) (b. 1934) November 10 Delma Cowart, 80, racing driver (b. 1941) Clyde Emrich, 90, Olympic weightlifter and football coach (Chicago Bears) (b. 1931) Bob Gill, 90, illustrator and graphic designer (b. 1931) Ed Lucas, 82, sportswriter (New York Yankees) (b. 1939) Lloyd McCuiston, 103, politician, member (1961–1994) and speaker (1981–1983) of the Arkansas House of Representatives (b. 1918) November 11 Germain Belzile, economist (b. 1957) Glen de Vries, 49, businessman and space tourist (Blue Origin NS-18) (b. 1972) Harris W. Fawell, 92, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1985–1999) and the Illinois Senate (1963–1977) (b. 1929) John Goodsall, 68, American-British rock guitarist (Atomic Rooster, Brand X) (b. 1953) Jay Last, 92, physicist (b. 1929) Edward L. Sadowsky, 92, politician, member of the New York City Council (1962–1985) (b. 1929) Art Stewart, 94, baseball scout (b. 1927) Winter, 16, dolphin with a prosthetic tail, subject of Dolphin Tale (b. 2006) November 12 Bob Bondurant, 88, Hall of Fame racing driver (Formula One) and instructor (b. 1933) Stephen H. Davis, 82, mathematician (b. 1939) Hugh Leatherman, 90, politician, member (since 1981) and president pro tempore (2014–2019) of the South Carolina Senate (b. 1931) Bill Reichart, 86, Canadian-born American Olympic ice hockey player (1964) (b. 1935) Rock Hard Ten, 20, thoroughbred racehorse and sire (b. 2001) November 13 Ed Bullins, 86, playwright (Goin' a Buffalo) (b. 1935) Gilbert Harman, 83, philosopher (b. 1938) Sam Huff, 87, Hall of Fame football player (New York Giants, Washington Redskins) and commentator (b. 1934) Philip Margo, 79, musician (The Tokens) (b. 1942) Petra Mayer, 46, book review editor (NPR) (b. 1974–1975) William Wright, 69, American-born Australian Roman Catholic prelate, bishop of Maitland-Newcastle (2011–2021) (b. 1952) November 14 W. Sterling Cary, 94, Christian minister (b. 1927) Alex D. Dickson, 95, Anglican prelate, bishop of West Tennessee (1983–1994) (b. 1926) Heath Freeman, 41, actor (Raising the Bar, Bones, Skateland) (b. 1980) Jerry Johnson, 77, baseball player (Philadelphia Phillies, San Francisco Giants, San Diego Padres) (b. 1943) Thomas Porteous, 74, jurist, judge of the U.S. District Court for Eastern Louisiana (1994–2010) (b. 1946) November 16 Bobby Collins, 88, football coach (Southern Miss Golden Eagles, SMU Mustangs) (b. 1933) Drew Gibbs, 59, football coach (Kean Cougars) (b. 1962) Larry J. Hopkins, 88, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1979–1993) (b. 1933) November 17 Gene Carter, 86, lawyer and jurist, judge of the U.S. District Court for Maine (since 1983) (b. 1935) Jimmie Durham, 81, sculptor and poet (b. 1940) Dave Frishberg, 88, jazz musician (b. 1933) Art LaFleur, 78, actor (Field of Dreams, The Sandlot, The Santa Clause 2) (b. 1943) Stu Rasmussen, 73, politician, mayor of Silverton, Oregon (2009–2015) (b. 1948) Young Dolph, 36, rapper (b. 1985) November 18 Peter Buck, 90, restaurateur, co-founder of Subway (b. 1930) Slide Hampton, 89, jazz trombonist (b. 1932) Sue Picus, 73, contract bridge player (b. 1948) William Evan Sanders, 101, Episcopalian prelate, bishop of East Tennessee (1985–1992) (b. 1919) November 19 Julie Belaga, 91, politician, member of the Connecticut House of Representatives (1977–1987) (b. 1930) Rod Blackburn, 82, ice hockey player (New Hampshire Wildcats) (b. 1939) Ian Fishback, 42, army officer and whistleblower (b. 1979) Don Kojis, 82, basketball player (Detroit Pistons, San Diego Rockets, Seattle SuperSonics) (b. 1939) Bernard Rollin, 78, philosopher and academic (b. 1943) Will Ryan, 72, voice actor (The Land Before Time, The Little Mermaid, An American Tail) and singer (b. 1949) November 20 Billy Hinsche, 70, musician (Dino, Desi & Billy, The Beach Boys) (b. 1951) Steve Smith, 57, football player (Los Angeles Raiders, Seattle Seahawks) (b. 1964) November 21 Yul Anderson, 63, musician (b. 1958) Robert Bly, 94, poet (Iron John: A Book About Men, The Sibling Society) (b. 1926) Mary Brown, 86, politician, member of the Michigan House of Representatives (1977–1994) (b. 1935) Lou Cutell, 91, actor (Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Betty White's Off Their Rockers, Seinfeld) (b. 1930) Marcella LeBeau, 102, Lakota politician, nurse and World War II veteran (b. 1919) Ralph Miller, 88, Olympic alpine skier (1956) (b. 1933) Scott Robbe, 66, television and film producer (Seven and a Match, Queer Eye) (b. 1955) November 22 Erhaab, 30, Thoroughbred race horse (b. 1991) Noah Gordon, 95, novelist (The Physician) (b. 1926) Doug Hill, 71, meteorologist (WUSA, WJLA-TV) (b. 1950) Susan V. John, 64, politician, member of the New York State Assembly (1991–2010) (b. 1957) Doug Jones, 64, baseball player (Milwaukee Brewers, Cleveland Indians, Oakland Athletics) (b. 1957) Joanne Shenandoah, 64, singer and composer (b. 1956 or 1957) Sylvia Weinstock, 91, baker (b. 1930) November 23 Don Shondell, 92, volleyball coach (b. 1929) Bill Virdon, 90, baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals, Pittsburgh Pirates) and manager (Houston Astros) (b. 1931) November 24 Lisa Brown, 67, actress (As the World Turns, Guiding Light) (b. 1954) U. L. Gooch, 98, aviator and politician, member of the Kansas Senate (1993–2004) (b. 1923) Marilyn McLeod, 82, singer-songwriter ("Love Hangover", "You Can't Turn Me Off (In the Middle of Turning Me On)") (b. 1939) Jim Warren, 85, computer scientist, co-founder of the West Coast Computer Faire and Dr. Dobb's Journal (b. 1936) November 25 Charles Moose, 68, author and police officer (D.C. sniper attacks), chief of the Montgomery County Police Department (1999–2003) (b. 1953) Anne Rudin, 97, politician, mayor of Sacramento (1983–1992) (b. 1924) November 26 Buster Guzzardo, 98, politician, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives (1987–1996) (b. 1923) Don Phillips, 80, casting director (Dog Day Afternoon, Fast Times at Ridgemont High) and producer (Melvin and Howard) (b. 1940) Mark Roth, 70, bowler (b. 1951) Stephen Sondheim, 91, composer and lyricist (West Side Story, Company, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street), nine-time Tony winner (b. 1930) November 27 Adolfo, 98, Cuban-born American fashion designer (b. 1923) Curley Culp, 75, Hall of Fame football player (Kansas City Chiefs, Houston Oilers, Detroit Lions), Super Bowl champion (1970) (b. 1946) Gregory J. Hobbs Jr., 76, judge (b. 1944) Shirley McBay, 86, mathematician and activist (b. 1935) Ed McClanahan, 89, novelist and essayist (b. 1932) Eddie Mekka, 69, actor (Laverne & Shirley) (b. 1952) November 28 Virgil Abloh, 41, fashion designer, founder and CEO of Off-White (since 2012) (b. 1980) Doyle Hamm, 64, convicted murderer and botched execution survivor (b. 1957) Chuck Hazama, 89, politician, mayor of Rochester, Minnesota (1979–1995) (b. 1932) Emmit King, 62, Olympic sprinter (1984, 1988) (b. 1959) Carrie Meek, 95, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003) (b. 1926) Jolene Unsoeld, 89, politician, member of the Washington (1985–1989) and the U.S. House of Representatives (1989–1995) (b. 1931) November 29 Otis Anderson Jr., 23, football player (UCF Knights) (b. 1998) Arlene Dahl, 96, actress (Journey to the Center of the Earth, A Southern Yankee, Reign of Terror) (b. 1925) Don Demeter, 86, baseball player (Los Angeles Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies, Detroit Tigers) (b. 1935) Lee Elder, 87, golfer and first African American to play in the Masters (b. 1934) LaMarr Hoyt, 66, baseball player (Chicago White Sox, San Diego Padres) (b. 1955) (death announced on this date) C. J. Hunter, 52, Olympic shot putter (1996) and coach, world champion (1999) (b. 1968) Bruce William Kauffman, 86, jurist, judge for the U.S. District Court for Eastern Pennsylvania (1997–2009) (b. 1934) Tommy Lane, 83, actor (Live and Let Die, Shaft) (b. 1938–1939) November 30 Albert Bustamante, 86, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1985–1993) (b. 1935) Dave Draper, 79, bodybuilder, actor (Lord Love a Duck, Don't Make Waves) and author (b. 1942) Philip Heymann, 89, lawyer, deputy attorney general (1993–1994) (b. 1932) Marcus Lamb, 64, televangelist, founder of Daystar (b. 1957) Mary Maher, 81, American-born Irish trade unionist, feminist and journalist (b. 1940) Kal Rudman, 91, disc jockey, founder of the Kal and Lucille Rudman Foundation (b. 1930) Marjorie Tallchief, 95, ballerina (b. 1926) December December 1 Jacqueline Avant, 81, philanthropist (b. 1940) Ben Boo, 96, politician, mayor of Duluth (1967–1975), member of the Minnesota House of Representatives (1984–1993) (b. 1925) Alvin Lucier, 90, composer (b. 1931) Suzette Winter, 90, filmmaker (b. 1921) December 2 Richard Costello, 70, police officer (b. 1951) Darlene Hard, 85, Hall of Fame tennis player (b. 1936) Richard Lerner, 83, chemist (b. 1938) Alex Orban, 82, Hungarian-American Olympic sabre fencer (1968, 1972, 1976) (b. 1939) Lawrence Weiner, 79, conceptual artist (b. 1942) December 3 Claude Humphrey, 77, Hall of Fame football player (Atlanta Falcons, Philadelphia Eagles) (b. 1944) Denis O'Brien, 80, talent manager (George Harrison) and film producer (Monty Python's Life of Brian, Time Bandits) (b. 1941) Melvin Parker, 77, drummer (James Brown) (b. 1944) Edward Shames, 99, U.S. Army colonel and last surviving officer of Easy Company (b. 1922) Charlotte Mailliard Shultz, 88, socialite (b. 1933) December 4 Martha De Laurentiis, 67, film producer (Breakdown, Hannibal, U-571) (b. 1954) Stonewall Jackson, 89, country music singer ("Waterloo", "B.J. the D.J.", "I Washed My Hands in Muddy Water") (b. 1932) Shirley Zussman, 107, sex therapist (b. 1914) December 5 Bob Dole, 98, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1961–1969) and Senate (1969–1996) (b. 1923) Bill Glass, 86, Hall of Fame football player (Saskatchewan Roughriders, Detroit Lions, Cleveland Browns) (b. 1935) Buddy Merrill, 85, steel guitarist (The Lawrence Welk Show) (b. 1936) Scott Page-Pagter, 52, voice actor and television producer (Power Rangers) (b. 1969) Bill Staines, 74, folk musician (b. 1947) December 6 George Fleming, 84, football player (Oakland Raiders, Winnipeg Blue Bombers) and politician (b. 1937) Glenn Foster, 31, football player (New Orleans Saints) (b. 1990) Fred Hiatt, 66, journalist, editor, and columnist (The Washington Post) (b. 1955) Medina Spirit, 3, Thoroughbred racehorse, Kentucky Derby winner (2021) (b. 2018) Jerome Lyle Rappaport, 94, lawyer, political leader, and real estate developer (b. 1927) Julius S. Scott, 66, author (The Common Wind) (b. 1955) December 7 Lionel Antoine, 71, football player (Chicago Bears) (b. 1950) Carol Jenkins Barnett, 65, businesswoman (Publix) (b. 1956) Joe Hernandez, 81, football player (Toronto Argonauts, Edmonton Eskimos, Washington Redskins) (b. 1940) Matt Scherer, 38, track and field athlete (b. 1983) Greg Tate, 64, music critic (The Village Voice) and musician (Burnt Sugar), co-founder of the Black Rock Coalition (b. 1957) December 8 Hal E. Broxmeyer, 77, microbiologist (b. 1944) Gerry Foley, 89, American-Canadian ice hockey player (New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Los Angeles Kings) (b. 1932) Barry Harris, 91, jazz musician (b. 1929) Blackjack Lanza, 86, Hall of Fame professional wrestler (WWE, AWA) (b. 1935) Daniel Laskin, 97, surgeon and educator (b. 1924) Richie Lewis, 55, baseball player (Florida Marlins, Detroit Tigers, Oakland Athletics) (b. 1966) Mark Pike, 57, football player (Buffalo Bills) (b. 1963) John L. Sorenson, 97, anthropologist, scholar and author (b. 1924) December 9 Don Asmussen, 59, cartoonist (San Francisco Chronicle) (b. 1962) Donald Cozzens, 82, Roman Catholic priest, author and lecturer (b. 1939) Speedy Duncan, 79, football player (San Diego Chargers, Washington Redskins) (b. 1942) Robert Jervis, 81, politologist (b. 1940) David Lasley, 74, singer-songwriter (b. 1947) Larry Sellers, 72, actor (Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman) (b. 1949) Demaryius Thomas, 33, football player (Denver Broncos, New York Jets, Houston Texans), Super Bowl champion (2016) (b. 1987) Al Unser, 82, racing driver, four-time Indianapolis 500 winner, IndyCar champion (1983, 1985) (b. 1939) Cara Williams, 96, actress (The Defiant Ones, Pete and Gladys, Boomerang) (b. 1925) December 10 Michael Nesmith, 78, musician (The Monkees) and songwriter ("Different Drum", "Joanne"), Grammy winner (1982) (b. 1942) Gene Prebola, 83, football player (Oakland Raiders, Denver Broncos) (b. 1938) Tyler E. Stovall, 67, historian, president of the American Historical Association (2017) (b. 1954) Leland Wilkinson, 77, statistician and computer scientist (b. 1944) December 11 – Anne Rice, 80, author (The Vampire Chronicles, Lives of the Mayfair Witches) (b. 1941) December 12 Sid Blanks, 80, football player (Houston Oilers, Boston Patriots) (b. 1941) Nai-Ni Chen, 62, Taiwanese-American choreographer and dancer (b. 1959) James P. Dugan, 92, politician, member of the New Jersey Senate (1969–1977) (b. 1929) Bernie Fowler, 97, politician, member of the Maryland Senate (1983–1994) (b. 1924) Roland Hemond, 92, baseball executive (Chicago White Sox, Baltimore Orioles, Arizona Diamondbacks) (b. 1929) Jimmy Rave, 39, professional wrestler (TNA, ROH) (b. 1982) December 13 Clyde Bennett, 89, football player (Ottawa Rough Riders) (b. 1932) Blackberri, 76, singer-songwriter and community activist (b. 1945) Lillian Luckey, 102, baseball player (South Bend Blue Sox) (b. 1919) Charles R. Morris, 82, writer (Los Angeles Times, The Wall Street Journal) and banker (b. 1939) Joe Simon, 85, soul and R&B singer ("The Chokin' Kind", "Get Down, Get Down (Get on the Floor)", "Power of Love") (b. 1936) December 14 Ken Kragen, 85, music manager and producer ("We Are the World"), founder of Hands Across America (b. 1936) Henry Orenstein, 98, Polish-American Hall of Fame poker player and toymaker (b. 1923) Tony Perez, 90, boxing referee (b. 1921) Sonny Rhodes, 81, blues singer and guitarist (b. 1940) December 15 Bridget Hanley, 80, actress (Here Come the Brides, Harper Valley PTA) (b. 1941) Len Hauss, 79, football player (Washington Redskins) (b. 1942) bell hooks, 69, feminist author (Ain't I a Woman?, Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, All About Love: New Visions) (b. 1952) Marilee Stepan, 86, swimmer, Olympic bronze medalist (1952) (b. 1935) Wanda Young, 78, singer (The Marvelettes) (b. 1943) December 16 Robert Cumming, 78, artist, sculptor and photographer (b. 1943) George Gekas, 91, politician, member of the United States House of Representatives (1983–2003) (b. 1930) Hub, 62, bass guitarist (The Roots) (b. 1959) Baruch A. Levine, 91, Bible scholar (New York University) (b. 1930) Edith Prague, 96, politician, member of the Connecticut House of Representatives (1982–1990) and Senate (1994–2012) (b. 1925) Alan B. Scott, 89, ophthalmologist, developer of botulinum toxin (b. 1932) Ben Tollefson, 94, politician, member of the North Dakota House of Representatives (1985–2000) and Senate (2000–2008) (b. 1927) December 17 Eve Babitz, 78, visual artist and author (b. 1943) Doug Ericksen, 52, politician, member of the Washington House of Representatives (1999–2011) and Senate (since 2011) (b. 1969) Alexander Garvin, 80, urban planner (b. 1941) Herb Guenther, 80, politician, member of the Arizona House of Representatives (1987–1993) and senate (1999–2003) (b. 1941) Harry Jacobs, 84, football player (Boston Patriots, Buffalo Bills, New Orleans Saints) (b. 1937) Frank Mula, 71, television writer and producer (The Simpsons, Cosby, Life with Bonnie), Emmy winner (2000, 2001) (b. 1950) Burt Prelutsky, 81, television writer (M*A*S*H, Diagnosis: Murder, Dragnet) (b. 1940) Russell Maroon Shoatz, 78, militant (Black Liberation Army) and convicted murderer (b. 1943) December 18 Drakeo the Ruler, 28, rapper (b. 1993) Kangol Kid, 55, rapper and songwriter (UTFO) (b. 1966) Hans Mark, 92, German-born American aerospace engineer, secretary of the Air Force (1979–1981) (b. 1929) Joan Murray, 84, journalist (b. 1937) December 19 Ron Anderson, 75, vocal coach (Axl Rose, Chris Cornell, Ozzy Osbourne) (b. 1946) Billy Conway, 65, drummer (Morphine, Treat Her Right) (b. 1955–1956) Nicholas Georgiade, 88, actor (The Untouchables) (b. 1933) Carie Graves, 68, rower, Olympic champion (1984) (b. 1953) Robert H. Grubbs, 79, chemist (Grubbs catalyst), Nobel Prize laureate (2005) (b. 1942) Johnny Isakson, 76, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1999–2005), Senate (2005–2019) and Georgia House of Representatives (1977–1991) (b. 1944) Russ Potts, 82, politician, member of the Virginia Senate (1992–2008) (b. 1939) Adam Rosen, 37, American-born British Olympic luger (2006, 2010, 2018) (b. 1984) Robert Strichartz, 78, mathematician (b. 1943) December 20 Kimera Bartee, 49, baseball player (Detroit Tigers, Cincinnati Reds, Colorado Rockies) and coach (b. 1972) Elizabeth Fennema, 93, educator (b. 1928) Willard H. Murray Jr., 90, politician, member of the California State Assembly (1988–1996) (b. 1931) December 21 John Galbraith, 98, politician, member of the Ohio House of Representatives (1967–1986) (b. 1923) Gary Lee Sampson, 62, spree killer (b. 1959) George Sheltz, 75, Roman Catholic prelate, auxiliary bishop of Galveston-Houston (2012–2021) (b. 1946) December 22 Lester E. Fisher, 100, zoologist, director of Lincoln Park Zoo (1962–1992) (b. 1921) George Keiser, 75, politician, member of the North Dakota House of Representatives (since 1992) (b. 1946) Bob Keselowski, 70, stock car racing driver (NASCAR) (b. 1951) Corporal Kirchner, 64, professional wrestler (WWF, NJPW, W*ING) (b. 1957) Barbara Shaw, 79, politician, member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives (since 2010) (b. 1942) Franklin A. Thomas, 87, community developer and philanthropist, president and CEO of the Ford Foundation (1979–1996) (b. 1934) December 23 Chris Dickerson, 82, bodybuilder, Mr. Olympia winner (1982) (b. 1939) Joan Didion, 87, writer (Run, River, Slouching Towards Bethlehem, The Year of Magical Thinking) (b. 1934) Robert Holland, 81, business executive, CEO of Ben & Jerry's (1995–1996) (b. 1940) (death announced on this date) Grace Mirabella, 92, magazine editor, editor-in-chief of Vogue (1971–1988) and founder of Mirabella (b. 1929) Stanley M. Truhlsen, 101, ophthalmologist (b. 1920) Louie L. Wainwright, 98, corrections administrator (b. 1923) December 24 J. D. Crowe, 84, banjo player and bluegrass band leader (New South) (b. 1937) Harvey Evans, 80, actor (West Side Story) (b. 1941) Gwendolyn Killebrew, 82, operatic contralto (Deutsche Oper am Rhein) (b. 1939) Clark Richert, 80, artist (b. 1941) December 25 Harry Colomby, 92, German-born American talent manager (Michael Keaton) and screenwriter (Johnny Dangerously, Working Stiffs) (b. 1929) Bruce Davis, 65, football player (Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders, Houston Oilers) (b. 1956) Tiffini Hale, 46, television presenter (The Mickey Mouse Club) and singer (The Party) (b. 1975) Thomas Lovejoy, 80, ecologist (b. 1941) Richard Marcinko, 81, Navy SEAL commander and one of its founders (b. 1940) Jonathan Spence, 85, English-born American historian and sinologist (b. 1936) Wayne Thiebaud, 101, painter (b. 1920) Ralph Warburton, 97, Olympic ice hockey player (1948) (b. 1924) December 26 Gary B. Beikirch, 74, soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1947) Fred McLafferty, 98, chemist (McLafferty rearrangement) (b. 1923) Mameve Medwed, 79, novelist (b. 1942) Sarah Weddington, 76, attorney (Roe v. Wade) and politician, member of the Texas House of Representatives (1973–1977) and White House Political Director (1979–1981) (b. 1945) E. O. Wilson, 92, biologist (Sociobiology: The New Synthesis) and writer (On Human Nature, Consilience), Pulitzer Prize winner (1979, 1991) (b. 1929) December 27 Norman Freeman, 90, Olympic sailor (1976) (b. 1931) Robert Preston, 92, politician, member of the New Hampshire Senate (1964–1966, 1972–1990) (b. 1929) Andrew Vachss, 79, crime fiction author (Strega, Batman: The Ultimate Evil) and attorney (b. 1942) Myrna Williams, 92, politician, member of the Nevada Assembly (1985–1993) and Clark County commissioner (1995–2007) (b. 1929) December 28 James Cayne, 87, businessman, CEO of Bear Stearns (b. 1934) Michael R. Clifford, 69, astronaut (STS-53, STS-59, and STS-76) (b. 1952) Mary Fairhurst, 64, lawyer, justice (2003–2020) and chief justice (2017–2020) of the Washington Supreme Court (b. 1957) John Madden, 85, football coach (Oakland Raiders), Super Bowl champion (1977), sports commentator (Fox, CBS), and namesake of the Madden NFL video game series (b. 1936) Harry Reid, 82, politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1983–1987) and Senate (1987–2017) (b. 1939) December 29 Sue Cline, 75, politician, member of the West Virginia Senate (2016–2020) (b. 1946) (death announced on this date) William Moncrief, 101, oil and gas executive (b. 1920) Nancy Worley, 70, politician, secretary of state of Alabama (2003–2007) (b. 1951) December 30 Sam Jones, 88, Hall of Fame basketball player (Boston Celtics) (b. 1933) December 31 Roger Bradfield, 97, children's author and illustrator (b. 1924) Fred Cone, 95, football player (Green Bay Packers, Dallas Cowboys) (b. 1926) Christine Grant, 85, Scottish-born American athletic director (University of Iowa) (b. 1936) Stephen Hartgen, 77, politician and news editor (Times-News), member of the Idaho House of Representatives (2008–2018) (b. 1944) Elihu Katz, 95, American-born Israeli sociologist and communication scientist (b. 1926) Jeanine Ann Roose, 84, actress (It's a Wonderful Life) (b. 1937) Billy Turner, 81, horse trainer (Seattle Slew), Triple Crown winner (1977) (b. 1940) Betty White, 99, actress (The Golden Girls, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Hot in Cleveland) and comedian, five-time Emmy winner (b. 1922) References 2020s in the United States United States United States Years of the 21st century in the United States

69843878

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulvenatten

Ulvenatten

Ulvenatten (Night of the Wolf) is a Norwegian action and drama film from 2008 directed by Kjell Sundvall. It is based on Tom Egeland's 2005 novel of the same name. The film premiered in Norway on February 29, 2008. The film was seen by 61,672 viewers at Norwegian cinemas. Plot The film is portrays a live debate program on television, when terrorists from Chechnya take host Kristin Bye and the debaters hostage. Cast Anneke von der Lippe as Kristin Bye, the program host Dejan Čukić as Ramzan, a terrorist Christian Skolmen as Thomas Fjell, the hostage negotiator Ingar Helge Gimle as Aksel Schjeldrup, the operational manager Jørgen Langhelle as Bjørn Lehman, a police anti-terror unit leader Stig Henrik Hoff as Vidar Bø, a Delta police member Sigrid Huun as Silje Gran Ramadan Huseini as Ulven (the Wolf), a terrorist Lars Arentz-Hansen as Leder, a Delta quartermaster Ramil Aliyev as a Chechen student References External links Ulvenatten at the National Library of Norway Ulvenatten at the Swedish Film Database 2008 films Norwegian action drama films Norwegian action thriller films Films based on books Films directed by Kjell Sundvall Norwegian-language films

69844444

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum%2C%20Chemicals%20and%20Petrochemicals%20Investment%20Region

Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region

In India, Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Regions (PCPIRs), originally known as Mega-Chemical Industrial Estates (MCIES) or chemical hubs, are special economic zones intended to facilitate production of petroleum and petrochemicals. The Government of India introduced the concept of chemical hubs in 2005. In 2007, the concept was reworked and expanded under the name PCPIRs. States with existing PCPIRs include Gujarat. In January 2022, public hearings regarding a proposed PCPIR in Paradeep, Odisha, drew controversy. Nandigram movement In 2006, a proposal by the Haldia Development Authority for a chemical hub covering both Nandigram I and Nandigram II community development blocks, prompted concern and controversy among residents. The HDA intended to expropriate some 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of land owned by farmers in the region. By 2007, protests by the affected farmers had snowballed into a major movement led by the Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee; clashes between the protestors and police were later known as the Nandigram violence. The location of the proposed chemical hub was later shifted to Nayachar and the proposal was eventually scrapped. References Petroleum in India Investment in India

69845278

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery%20Nekhaev

Valery Nekhaev

Valery Konstantinovich Nekhaev (Russian: Вале́рий Константи́нович Неха́ев; Belarusian: Валерый Канстанцінавіч Няхаеў; 1948 – 1983), known as The Minsk Poisoner (Russian: Минский отравитель), was a Soviet murderer who, together with his brother Alexander, poisoned several colleagues in Minsk from June to July 1982, killing three of them. For his crimes, Nekhaev was sentenced to death and subsequently executed. Biography Valery Konstantinovich Nekhaev was born in 1948 in Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, the older of two sons. His family was dysfunctional, as his father died early on and his mother took no care in raising her children. Despite this, both brothers were allowed to enter higher education, but Valery later dropped out and went to work at the National Opera and Ballet, where he was described as a very reserved, yet easily offended individual. On the night of June 26, 1982, 27-year-old Sergey Kucherov, a stage engineer at the Janka Kupala National Theatre, died at the 5th Clinical Hospital. The man's death was considered very odd, as an autopsy proved that he had succumbed to thallium poisoning, which had been mixed in with some wine. It soon became clear that Kucherov had complained of similar symptoms some time before, with another colleague of his, stage engineer Igor Lobanov, having the same issues. In that case, both men were driven to the hospital on a stretcher, as they had trouble walking by themselves. While undergoing treatment, they both reported that they suspected a man by the name of Vladimir Mezentsev, who had brought them a bottle of Sovetskoye Shampanskoye, which they both drank. The very next day, two 26-year-old graduates of the Minsk Civil Engineering Institute, Georgy Laptev and Vladimir Rybakov, were admitted to a hospital in Minsk. When questioned as to what had happened, they claimed that they were celebrating their graduation, and one of the girls at the party invited them to drink some rare Saperavi wine. As it turned out, two bottles of this wine were found by the girl's mother at the door of Mezentsev's apartment. Soon after this, both Laptev and Rybakov succumbed to the poisoning. In early July 1982, three more men (Viktor Babashkin, Igor Zanchuk and Oleg Skripachev) were admitted to the Minsk hospital, suffering from similar symptomps, and on the morning after their admission, all three victims' hair began to fall out. Investigations revealed that they had been poisoned with a bottle of "Duchess" wine given to them by Mezentsev. While all three survived, Skripachev received severe complications from the poisoning and committed suicide a few years later. Due to the mounting suspicions against him, Mezentsev was arrested and brought in for interrogation, but to the surprise of the investigators, he told them that all of the bottles were given to him by Alexander Nekhaev, a chemist who graduated from the Belarusian State University's Chemistry Faculty. Soon after, Alexander was arrested by Minsk police while returning from a drugstore. His brother, Valery, was also detained. Upon inspecting their apartment, authorities found a chemical warehouse with hundreds of chemical agents, including ones thallium, the poison used in the killings. Shortly after his arrest, Valery Nekhaev admitted responsibility for the murders, claiming that he had tried to frame Mezentsev because he had dropped some scenery on him and refused to apologize. After a quick trial, both brothers were found guilty: Valery was convicted on three counts of murder, sentenced to death and subsequently shot the following year. His brother, Alexander, was only convicted as an accomplice, and was given 5 years imprisonment. The case caused a great outcry and an audit into how such poisonous substances were handled. After his release, Alexander Nekhaev was ordered to pay 1.368 rubles in damages to the state, none of which went to the victims and their families, as the Nekhaves were unable to afford paying them. In popular culture Three documentaries were made on the case: "Hell's Potion", from the documentary series The Investigation was conducted... (in Russian) "Poisoners", from the documentary series Legends of the Soviet Detective (in Russian) "The Minsk Poisoner", from the documentary series No Statute of Limitations (in Russian) References 1948 births 1983 deaths Soviet murderers Poisoners People convicted of murder by the Soviet Union Soviet people convicted of murder People executed for murder People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm Executed Soviet people from Belarus People from Minsk History of Minsk

69845474

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dino%20Philipson

Dino Philipson

Dino Philipson (1889–1972) was an Italian lawyer and anti-Fascist politician who was a member of the Liberal Party. During the Fascist rule he left Italy, but then returned to the country and was arrested by the Fascist authorities. Early life and education Philipson was born in Florence in 1889. His father, Edoardo Philipson, was an engineer who was one of the most influential members of the Florentine Jewish Community of the nineteenth century. Philipson was the business partner of Ubaldino Peruzzi who served as the minister of public works for two terms. His mother was Sophie Rodrigues Pereire, daughter of Isaac Pereire, who was a French banker. Dino Philipson was raised in Pistoia and obtained a bachelor's degree in law and social sciences in Florence. Following the start of World War I he enlisted in the army and was later promoted to the rank of lieutenant. Career and activities In 1919 Philipson became the president of the Pistoia section of the National Combatants and Veterans Association. The same year he was elected as a deputy from Florence on the list called Liberal Concentration. In the 1921 elections he was also elected to the Parliament from the National Bloc. Later he joined the Liberal Democratic Union. When the Kingdom of Italy totally became under the Fascist rule from 1922 Philipson left the country for Paris, France. There he had connections with the liberal and moderate anti-Fascism movements. Philipson returned to Italy in the mid-1930s. He and Eugenio Coloroni were arrested by the OVRA (Italian secret police) in October 1938. Philipson detained in Isole Tremiti for three years and then, was transferred to Sala Consilina and Eboli in southern Campania. After the fall of the Fascist rule he was freed and was appointed undersecretary to Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio in February 1944, but his term was very short and ended in April 1944. Next Philipson was appointed member of the National Council, the forerunner of the Italian Parliament. He retired from politics and devoted himself to his legal profession and freemasonry. Philipson died in Pistoia in 1972. References External links 19th-century Italian Jews 20th-century Italian Jews 1889 births 1972 deaths Government ministers of Italy Italian Freemasons Italian prisoners and detainees Italian anti-fascists Italian military personnel of World War I 20th-century Italian lawyers Deputies of Legislature XXV of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy Italian Liberal Party politicians Italian expatriates in France Politicians from Florence Jewish Italian politicians

69845966

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor%20killings%20by%20region

Honor killings by region

An honor killing (American English), honour killing (Commonwealth English), or shame killing is the murder of an individual, either an outsider or a member of a family, by someone seeking to protect what they see as the dignity and honor of themselves or their family. Honor killings are often connected to religion, caste and other forms of hierarchical social stratification, or to sexuality, and those murdered will often be more liberal than the murderer rather than genuinely "dishonorable". Most often, it involves the murder of a woman or girl by male family members, due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought dishonor or shame upon the family name, reputation or prestige. Honour killings are believed to have originated from tribal customs. They are prevalent in various parts of the world, as well as in immigrant communities in countries which do not otherwise have societal norms that encourage honor killings. Honor killings are often associated with rural and tribal areas, but they occur in urban areas too. Although condemned by international conventions and human rights organizations, honor killings are often justified and encouraged by various communities. Europe The issue of honor killings has risen to prominence in Europe in recent years, prompting the need to address the occurrence of honor killings. The 2009 European Parliamentary Assembly noted this in their Resolution 1681 which noted the dire need to address honor crimes. The resolution stated that: The Honour Based Violence Awareness Network (HBVA) writes: According to Charles Stewart, the majority of honor killings are committed by first generation migrants against "second and third generation migrants" who have become Westernized. According to a study investigating 67 honor killings in Europe 1989-2009 by psychologist Phyllis Chesler, published in the non-peer reviewed Middle East Quarterly journal, 96% of honor murder perpetrators in Europe were Muslim and 68% of victims were tortured before they died. Albania Honor-based violence has a long tradition in Albania, and although it is much rarer today than it was in the past, it still exists. The Kanun is a set of traditional Albanian laws and customs. Honor (in Albanian: Nderi) is one of the four pillars on which the Kanun is based. Honor crimes happen, especially in northern Albania. In Albania (and in other parts of the Balkans) the phenomenon of blood feuds between males was more common historically than honor killings of females, but honor-based violence against women and girls has become more common in recent years. Belgium In 2011, Belgium held its first honor killing trial, in which four Pakistani family members were found guilty of murdering their daughter and sibling, Sadia Sheikh. As a legacy of the very influential Napoleonic Code, before 1997, Belgian law provided for mitigating circumstances in the case of a killing or an assault against a spouse caught in the act of adultery. (Adultery itself was decriminalized in Belgium in 1987.) Denmark Ghazala Khan was shot and murdered in Denmark in September 2005, by her brother, after she had married against the will of the family. She was of Pakistani origin. Her murder was ordered by her father to save her family's 'honor' and several relatives were involved. Sentences considered harsh by Danish standards were handed out to all nine accused members of her family, and permanent banishment was ordered for those who were not Danish citizens. Finland The first case of an honor killing in Finland happened in 2015 when an Iraqi man was sentenced to two years in prison for planning to murder his 16-year-old sister. He was also sentenced for assault. He and their mother had forbidden his sister from meeting people her own age and leaving the home beyond going to school. In 2019, a 48-year-old Iraqi attempted to murder his 40-year-old ex-wife because she was associated with other men. The stabbing was done at an educational institution where both were studying. When she turned around, he stabbed her in the back. She was seriously wounded but survived. According to the accused, he was ridiculed by his friends because the couple had arrived in Finland in 2015 and divorced shortly after arriving. France France has a large immigrant community from North Africa (especially from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) and honor-based violence occurs in this community, according to a 1995 article. A 2009 report by the Council of Europe cited the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, France, and Norway as countries where honor crimes and honor killings occur. France traditionally provided for leniency concerning honor crimes, particularly when they were committed against women who had committed adultery. The Napoleonic Code of 1804, established under Napoleon Bonaparte, is one of the origins of the legal leniency concerning adultery-related killings in a variety of legal systems in several countries around the world. Under this code, a man who killed his wife after she had been caught in the act of adultery could not be charged with premeditated murder—although he could be charged with other lesser offenses. This defense was available only for a husband, not for a wife. The Napoleonic Code has been very influential, and many countries, inspired by it, provided for lesser penalties or even acquittal for such crimes. This can be seen in the criminal codes of many former French colonies. Germany Investigating criminal records for partner homicides from the years 1996–2005, the German Federal Criminal Police Office concluded that there were about 12 cases of honor killings in Germany per year, including cases involving collective family honor and individual male honor, out of an average about 700 annual homicides. An accompanying study of all homicides in Baden-Württemberg shows that men from Turkey, Yugoslavia, and Albania have a between three and five times overrepresentation for partner homicides, both honor and non-honor-related. The causes for the higher rate were given as low education and social status of these groups along with cultural traditions of violence against women. A 2009 book on honor killings reported that in some cases of honor killing that were brought before German courts, murder charges had been reduced to manslaughter. This has been called the "honor defense". In 2005 Der Spiegel reported: "In the past four months, six Muslim women living in Berlin have been murdered by family members". The article went on to cover the case of Hatun Sürücü, a Turkish woman who was murdered by her brother for not staying with the husband she was forced to marry, and for "living like a German". Precise statistics on how many women die every year in such honor killings are hard to come by, as many crimes are never reported, said Myria Boehmecke of the Tübingen-based women's group Terre des Femmes. The group tries to protect Muslim girls and women from oppressive families. The Turkish women's organization Papatya has documented 40 instances of honor killings in Germany since 1996. Hatun Sürücü's brother was convicted of murder and jailed for nine years and three months by a German court in 2006. In 2001, Turkish immigrant Mikdat Sacin murdered his 18-year-old daughter Funda Sacin as she refused to marry her cousin from Ankara, Turkey in a forced marriage and secretly married her boyfriend instead. Mikdat S. has fled to his home country Turkey and has yet to come before a court. In 2005, twenty-five-year-old Turkish man Ali Karabey murdered his sister Gönul Karabey for having a German boyfriend. "She disgraced the family", he testified and he felt called upon to punish her with death. He was sentenced to life imprisonment by a German court in 2006. In 2008, Afghan Morsal Obeidi was murdered by her brother in Hamburg. In 2010, Turkish immigrant and devout Muslim Mehmet Özkan murdered his 15-year-old daughter Büsra Özkan because she refused to live an Islamic lifestyle and would chat with a young man she recently met. In 2016 an Arab woman was shot dead at her wedding in Hannover for allegedly refusing to marry her cousin in a forced marriage. In 2021, a 34-year-old Afghan woman and mother of two identified solely as Maryam H., was murdered by her two younger brothers. On 13 July, Sayed, 26, and Seyed, 22, lured their sister to a meeting in Berlin before strangulating her and slitting her throat. They claimed to have killed her for giving up following Islamic practices, which they said harmed their family's honor. Her dismembered body was found in a suitcase dumped in a shallow grave in near their elder brother's residence in Bavaria, and the brothers were arrested on 3 August. Maryam had been forced into marriage at the age of sixteen. She then fled from Afghanistan to Germany and obtained a divorce. The brothers were charged with murder in December. Italy Similar to other Southern/Mediterranean European areas, the honor was traditionally important in Italy. Indeed, until 1981, the Criminal Code provided for mitigating circumstances for such murdering; until 1981 the law read: "Art. 587: He who causes the death of a spouse, daughter, or sister upon discovering her in illegitimate carnal relations and in the heat of passion caused by the offense to his honor or that of his family will be sentenced from three to seven years. The same sentence shall apply to whom, in the above circumstances, causes the death of the person involved in illegitimate carnal relations with his spouse, daughter, or sister." Traditionally, honor crimes used to be more prevalent in Southern Italy. In 1546, Isabella di Morra, a young poet from Valsinni, Matera, was stabbed to death by her brothers for a suspected affair with a married nobleman, whom they also murdered. In 2006, twenty-year-old Hina Saleem, a Pakistani woman who lived in Brescia, Italy, was murdered by her father who claimed he was "saving the family's honor". She had refused an arranged marriage, and was living with her Italian boyfriend. In 2009, in Pordenone, Italy, Sanaa Dafani, an 18-year-old girl of Moroccan origin, was murdered by her father because she had a relationship with an Italian man. In 2011, in Cerignola, Italy, a man stabbed his brother 19 times because his homosexuality was a "dishonor to the family". In 2021 Saman Abbas was murdered by her uncle because she refused her arranged marriage. Norway Anooshe Sediq Ghulam was a 22-year-old Afghan refugee in Norway, who was murdered by her husband in an honor killing in 2002. She had reported her husband to the police for domestic violence and was seeking a divorce. Sweden The Swedish National Police Board and the Swedish Prosecution Authority define honor-related crime as crimes against a relative who, according to the perpetrator and his family's point of view, has dishonored the family. These crimes are intended to prevent the family from honor being damaged or to restore damaged or lost family honor. The most serious honor-related crime is often organized and deliberate and not limited to murdering. Incidents include torture, forced suicides, forced marriages, rapes, kidnapping, assault, mortal threats, extortion, and protecting a criminal. The 26-year-old Turkish woman Fadime Şahindal was murdered by her father in 2002 in Uppsala in Sweden. Kurdish organizations were criticized by prime minister Göran Persson for not doing enough to prevent honor killings. Pela Atroshi was a Kurdish girl who was shot by her uncle in an honor killing in Iraqi Kurdistan. The murder of Pela and Fadime gave rise to the formation of GAPF (the acronym stands for Never Forget Pela and Fadime), a politically and religiously independent and secular nonprofit organization working against honor-related violence and oppression. The organization's name is taken from Pela Atroshi and Fadime Şahindal which are Sweden's best-known and high-profile cases of honor killings. The honor killing of Sara, an Iraqi Kurdish girl, was the first publicized honor killing in Sweden. Sara was murdered by her brother and cousin when she was 15 years old. According to statements by her mother, Sara's brother believed that she "was a whore who slept with Swedish boys", and that even though he himself also slept with Swedish girls that "was different, because he is a male, and he would not even think of sleeping with Iraqi girls, only with Swedish girls, with whores". These three prominent cases brought the notion of honor killings into Swedish discourse. In 2016 ten out of the 105 murder cases were honor killings, with 6 females and 4 male victims. The 6 female victims represented a third of the 18 murders of women in Sweden that year. In May 2019 the court of appeals found a man guilty of murdering his wife in front of the Afghan couple's children who were minor at the time. He was sentenced to life in prison, deportation and a lifetime ban against returning to Sweden. In December 2020, a 47-year-old Afghan man and his two sons were found guilty by Gällivare district court of honor killing a 20-year-old man together in Kiruna. They suspected that the victim had a relationship with the man's ex-wife. Switzerland In 2010, a 16-year-old Pakistani girl was murdered near Zürich, Switzerland, by her father who was dissatisfied with both her lifestyle and her Christian boyfriend. In 2014, a forty-two-year-old Syrian Kurd murdered his wife (and cousin) because she had a boyfriend and wanted to live separately. The suspect defended himself by claiming that honor killing is part of Kurdish culture. United Kingdom Every year in the United Kingdom (UK), officials estimates that at least a dozen women are victims of honor killings, almost exclusively within Asian and Middle Eastern families. Often, cases cannot be resolved due to the unwillingness of families, relatives and communities to testify. A 2006 BBC poll for the Asian network in the UK found that one in ten of the 500 young Asians polled said that they could condone the killing of someone who had dishonored their families. In the UK, in December 2005, Nazir Afzal, Director, west London, of Britain's Crown Prosecution Service, stated that the United Kingdom has seen "at least a dozen honour killings" between 2004 and 2005. In 2010, Britain saw a 47% rise in the number of honor-related crimes. Data from police agencies in the UK report 2283 cases in 2010, and an estimated 500 more from jurisdictions that did not provide reports. These "honor-related crimes" also include house arrests and other parental punishments. Most of the attacks were conducted in cities that had high immigrant populations. One of the earliest prosecuted cases in the UK was that of 19-year-old Rukhsana Naz, who was forced to marry her second cousin from Pakistan at age 15. She embarked on an affair with the man she had really wanted to marry, fell pregnant and was murdered by her mother and brother for refusing to terminate her pregnancy and remain in her forced marriage. Banaz Mahmod, a 20-year-old Iraqi Kurdish woman from Mitcham, south London, was murdered in 2006, in a murder orchestrated by her father, uncle and cousins. Her life and murder were presented in a documentary called Banaz: A Love Story, directed and produced by Deeyah Khan. The investigation into her disappearance and murder was dramatised in the 2020, two-part ITV mini-series, Honour, starring Keeley Hawes. Another well-known case was Heshu Yones, stabbed to death by her Kurdish father in London in 2002, because he thought she'd become too "westernized" and was involved in a relationship of which he didn't approve. Other examples include the killing of Tulay Goren, a Kurdish Shia Muslim girl who immigrated with her family from Turkey, and Samaira Nazir (Pakistani Muslim). A highly publicized case was that of Shafilea Iftikhar Ahmed, a 17-year-old British Pakistani girl from Great Sankey, Warrington, Cheshire, who was murdered in 2003 by her parents. However, a lesser-known case is that of Gurmeet Singh Ubhi, a Sikh man who, in February 2011, was found guilty of the murder of his 24-year-old daughter, Amrit Kaur Ubhi in 2010. Ubhi was found to have murdered his daughter because he disapproved of her being "too westernized". Likewise, he also disapproved of the fact that she was dating a non-Sikh man. In 2012, the UK had the first white victim of an honor killing: 17-year-old Laura Wilson was murdered by her Asian boyfriend, Ashtiaq Ashgar, because she revealed details of their relationship to his family, challenging traditional cultural values of the Asian family. Laura Wilson's mother said, "I honestly think it was an honour killing for putting shame on the family. They needed to shut Laura up and they did." Wilson was repeatedly knifed to death as she walked along a canal in Rotherham. In 2013, Mohammed Inayat was jailed for murdering his wife and injuring three daughters by setting his house on fire in Birmingham. Inayat wanted to stop his daughter from flying to Dubai to marry her boyfriend, because he believed the marriage would dishonor his family. In 2013, the husband of Syrian-born 25-year-old Rania Alayed was jailed for her murder. His two brothers were also jailed for perverting the course of justice in relation to the disposal of her body, which has never been found. According to the prosecution, the motive for the murder was that she had become "too westernised" and was "establishing an independent life". Middle East and North Africa Honor killings in Maghreb are not as common as in the Asian countries of the Middle East and South Asia, but they do occur. In Libya, it can also be committed against rape victims. In a poll with respondents across countries in the Arab world such as Algeria (27%), Morocco (25%), Sudan (14%), Jordan (21%), Tunisia (8%), Lebanon (8%), and the Palestinian territory of the West Bank (8%), it was found that honor killings were more acceptable than homosexuality. Egypt Honor killings in Egypt can occur due to reasons such as a woman meeting an unrelated man, even if this is only an allegation; or adultery (real or suspected). The exact number of honor killings is not known, but a report in 1995 estimated about 52 honor killings that year. In 2013, a woman and her two daughters were murdered by 10 male relatives, who strangled and beat them, and then threw their bodies in the Nile. Honor killings are illegal in Egypt and five of the ten men were arrested. Iran In Iran, there have been a number of recorded cases of honor killings that made international headlines. In February 2022 a video circulated in Iran of a man, (Sajjad Heydari), in Ahvaz, Khuzestan in Western Iran, smiling and carrying the severed head of his 17 year old wife (Mona Heydari). The IRNA news agency referred to the incident as the result of an "honor killing." The wife had fled to Turkey but brought back to Iran and killed shortly after. According to human rights lawyer Yonah Diamond, "the Iranian authorities enabled the barbaric beheading of Mona Heydari -- a child bride -- for seeking a divorce from a violently abusive marriage..." Two years earlier another high profile "honor killing" involved a 14-year-old who was allegedly killed with a sickle by her father in northern Iran's Talesh County, after she ran away from her family home with a 29-year-old man. According to the medical journal The Lancet, there were at least 8,000 honor killings in Iran between 2010 and 2014, of which only a few were reported. Article 630 of the Constitution exempts a husband from punishment if he kills if he witnesses adultery. Iran International reports that about 60 women have fallen victim to honor killings from 2020-2021, according to a women’s right NGO in Ahvaz, "including some who were 10 or 15 years old. None of the perpetrators have been brought to justice" and few of the families have even filed a lawsuit. Iraq In 2008, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) has stated that honor killings are a serious concern in Iraq, particularly well documented in Iraqi Kurdistan. There are conflicting estimates on the number of honor killings in Iraqi Kurdistan. The Free Women's Organization of Kurdistan (FWOK) released a statement on International Women's Day 2015 noting that "6,082 women were killed or forced to commit suicide during the past year in Iraqi Kurdistan, which is almost equal to the number of the Peshmerga martyred fighting Islamic State (IS)," and that a large number of women were victims of honor killings or enforced suicide—mostly self-immolation or hanging. According to Zhin Woman magazine, published in December 2015 in Sulaimaniya, from January to August 2015, in the three main Kurdish provinces of Sulaimaniya, Erbil, and Duhok, there were a total of 122 cases of honor killings and 124 women's suicides. According to KRG Ministry of Interior's Directorate-General of Countering Violence Committed Against Women, only 14 women were victims of "so-called" honor killings in 2017. The practice is reportedly declining due to increased numbers of women's rights organizations and government initiatives. About 500 honor killings per year are reported in hospitals in Iraqi Kurdistan, although real numbers are likely higher. It is speculated that alone in Erbil there is one honor killing per day. The UNAMI reported that at least 534 honor killings occurred between January and April 2006 in the Kurdish Governorates. It is claimed that many deaths are reported as "female suicides" in order to conceal honor-related crimes. Aso Kamal of the Doaa Network Against Violence claimed that they have estimated that there were more than 12,000 honor killings in Iraqi Kurdistan from 1991 to 2007. He also said that the government figures are much lower, and show a decline in recent years, and Kurdish law has mandated since 2008 that an honor killing be treated like any other murder. Honor killings and other forms of violence against women have increased since the creation of Iraqi Kurdistan, and "both the KDP and PUK claimed that women's oppression, including 'honor killings', are part of Kurdish 'tribal and Islamic culture'". The honor killing and self-immolation condoned or tolerated by the Kurdish administration in Iraqi Kurdistan has been labeled as "gendercide" by Mojab (2003). As many as 133 women were murdered in the Iraqi city of Basra alone in 2006. Seventy-nine were murdered for violation of "Islamic teachings" and 47 for honor, according to IRIN, the news branch of the U.N.'s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Amnesty International says that armed groups, not the government, also kill politically active women and those who did not follow a strict dress code, as well as women who are perceived as human rights defenders. Seventeen-year-old Du'a Khalil Aswad, an Iraqi girl of the Yazidi faith, was stoned to death in front of a mob of about 2,000 men in 2007, possibly because she was allegedly planning to convert to Islam. A video of the brutal incident was released on the Internet. According to the crowd she had "shamed herself and her family" for failing to return home one night and there were suspicions of her converting to Islam to marry her boyfriend, who was in hiding in fear of his own safety. Israel According to Aida Touma-Suleiman the subject of ‘honor crimes’ was a taboo among Arabs in Israel until protests in the 1990s by the Israeli Palestinian feminist women's groups Al-Fanar and al-Badeel forced open discussion within Arab society. Although there reportedly exist safe houses for women and girls at risk, the Israel police, social work and court authorities have not always utilized such shelters. Jordan A 2008 report of the National Council of Family Affairs in Jordan, an NGO affiliated with the Queen of Jordan, indicated that the National Forensic Medicine Center recorded 120 murdered women in 2006, with 18 cases classified officially as crimes of honor. In 2013, the BBC cited estimates by the National Council of Family Affairs in Jordan, an NGO, that as many as 50 Jordanian women and girls had been murdered in the preceding 13 years. But the BBC indicated "the real figure" was probably "far higher," because "most honor killings go unreported." Men used to receive reduced sentences for killing their wives or female family members if they are deemed to have brought dishonor to their family. Families often get sons under the age of 16—legally minors—to commit honor killings; the juvenile law allows convicted minors to serve time in a juvenile detention center and be released with a clean criminal record at the age of 16. Rana Husseini, a leading journalist on the topic of honor killings, states that "under the existing law, people found guilty of committing honor killings often receive sentences as light as six months in prison". According to UNICEF, there are an average of 23 honor killings per year in Jordan. On 1 August 2017, article 98 in the penal codes were amended to exclude honor criminals from receiving lenient punishments for being in "a state of great fury". However, article 340 which sees reduced penalties when a man attacks or kills a female relative having found her in the act of "adultery", is still in effect. A 2013 survey of "856 ninth-graders—average age of 15—from a range of secondary schools across Amman—including private and state, mixed-sex and single-gender" showed that attitudes favoring honor killings are present in the "next generation" Jordanians: "In total, 33.4% of all respondents either "agreed" or "strongly agreed" with situations depicting honor killings. Boys were more than twice as likely to support honor killings: 46.1% of boys and 22.1% of girls agreed with at least two honor killing situations in the questionnaire." The parents' education was found to be a significant correlation: "61% of teenagers from the lowest level of educational background showed supportive attitudes towards honor killing, as opposed to only 21.1% where at least one family member has a university degree." Kuwait Kuwait is relatively liberal and honor killings are rare, but not unheard of—in 2006 a young woman was murdered in an honor killing committed by her brothers. In 2008, a girl was given police protection after reporting that her family intended to murder her for having an affair with a man. Lebanon There are no exact official numbers about honor killings of women in Lebanon; many honor killings are arranged to look like accidents, but the figure is believed to be 40 to 50 per year. A 2007 report by Amnesty International said that the Lebanese media in 2001 reported 2 or 3 honor killings per month in Lebanon, although the number is believed to be higher by other independent sources. On 4 August 2011, however, the Lebanese Parliament agreed by a majority to abolish Article 562, which for the past years had worked as an excuse to commute the sentence given for honor killing. Palestine According to UNICEF estimates in 1999, two-thirds of all murders in the Palestinian territories were likely honor killings. In 2005, 22-year-old Faten Habash, a Christian from West Bank, was said to have dishonored her family by falling for a young Muslim man, Samer. Following their thwarted attempts to elope to Jordan, she suffered her relatives' wrath after rejecting the options of either marrying her cousin or becoming a nun in Rome. She had spent a period of time in hospital recovering from a broken pelvis and various other injuries caused by an earlier beating by her father and other family members. Still fearing her family after her release from the hospital, she approached a powerful Bedouin tribe, which took her under its care. Her father then wept and gave his word that he would not harm her. She returned to him, only to be bludgeoned to death with an iron bar days later. The Palestinian Authority, using a clause in the Jordanian penal code still in effect in the West Bank as of 2011, exempted men from punishment for killing a female relative if she has brought dishonor to the family. The Palestinian Independent Commission for Human Rights has reported 29 women were murdered 2007–2010, whereas 13 women were murdered in 2011 and 12 in the first seven months of 2012. According to a PA Ministry of Women's Affairs report the rate of 'Honor Killings' went up by 100% in 2013, "reporting the number of 'honor killing' victims for 2013 at 27". Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority, issued a decree in May 2014 under which the exemption of men was abolished in cases of honor killings. The death of Israa Ghrayeb took place on 22 August 2019 in the Palestinian city of Bethlehem. Israa Ghrayeb, 21 years old, was reportedly beaten to death by her brother because she posted a selfie with her partner a day before they were supposed to get engaged. Saudi Arabia In 2008 a woman was murdered in Saudi Arabia by her father for "chatting" with a man on Facebook. The murdered became public only when a Saudi cleric referred to the case, to criticize Facebook for the strife it caused. The 1980 film Death of a Princess implies that the execution of Princess Misha'al in 1977 was actually an honor killing, rather than a sentence handed down by a court. Syria Some estimates suggest that more than 200 honor killings occur every year in Syria. The Syrian civil war has been reported as leading to an increase in honor killings in the country, mainly due to the common occurrence of war rape, which led to the stigmatization of victims by their relatives and communities, and in turn to honor killings. Turkey A report compiled by the Council of Europe estimated that over 200 women were murdered in honor killings in Turkey in 2007. A June 2008 report by the Turkish Prime Ministry's Human Rights Directorate said that in Istanbul alone there was one honor killing every week, and reported over 1,000 during the previous five years. It added that metropolitan cities were the location of many of these, due to growing immigration to these cities from the East. The mass migration during the past decades of rural population from Southeastern Turkey to big cities in Western Turkey has resulted in relatively more developed cities such as Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, and Bursa having the highest numbers of reported honor killings. A report by UNFPA identified the following situations as being common triggers for honor killings: a married woman having an extra-marital relationship; a married woman running away with a man; a married woman getting separated or divorced; a divorced woman having a relationship with another man; a young unmarried girl having a relationship; a young unmarried girl running away with a man; a woman (married or unmarried) being kidnapped and/or raped. In Turkey, young boys are often ordered by other family members to commit the honor killing, so that they can get a shorter jail sentence (because they are minors). Forced suicides—where the victim who is deemed to have 'dishonored' the family is ordered to commit suicide in an attempt by the perpetrator to avoid legal consequences—also take place in Turkey, especially in Batman in southeastern Turkey, which has been nicknamed "Suicide City". In 2009 a Turkish news agency reported that a 2-day-old boy who was born out of wedlock had been murdered for honor in Istanbul. The maternal grandmother of the infant, along with six other persons, including a doctor who had reportedly accepted a bribe to not report the birth, were arrested. The grandmother is suspected of fatally suffocating the infant. The child's mother, 25, was also arrested; she stated that her family had decided to kill the child. In 2010 a 16-year-old girl was buried alive by relatives for befriending boys in Southeast Turkey; her corpse was found 40 days after she went missing. Honor killings continue to receive some support in the conservative regions of Turkey. In 2005, a small survey in Diyarbakir in southeastern Turkey found that, when asked the appropriate punishment for a woman who has committed adultery, 37% of respondents said she should be killed, while 21% said her nose or ears should be cut off. A July 2008 Turkish study by a team from Dicle University on honor killings in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, the predominantly Kurdish area of Turkey, has so far shown that little if any social stigma is attached to honor killing. It also comments that the practice is not related to a feudal societal structure, "there are also perpetrators who are well-educated university graduates. Of all those surveyed, 60 percent are either high school or university graduates or at the very least, literate." There are well-documented cases, where Turkish courts have sentenced whole families to life imprisonment for an honor killing. The most recent was on 13 January 2009, where a Turkish court sentenced five members of the same Kurdish family to life imprisonment for the honor killing of Naile Erdas, a 16-year-old girl who got pregnant as a result of rape. Honor killings also affect gay people. In 2008 a man had to flee from Turkey after his Kurdish boyfriend was killed by his own father. Ahmet Yıldız, 26, a Turkish-Kurdish physics student who represented his country at an international gay conference in the United States in 2008, was shot dead leaving a cafe in Istanbul. Yıldız, who came from a deeply religious family was believed to have been the victim of the country's first gay honor killing. Yemen Honor killings are common in Yemen. In some parts of the country, traditional tribal customs forbid contact between men and women before marriage. Yemeni society is strongly male dominated, Yemen being ranked last of 135 countries in the 2012 Global Gender Gap Report. It was estimated that in 1997 about 400 women and girls died in honor killings in Yemen. In 2013, a 15-year-old girl was killed by her father, who burned her to death, because she talked to her fiancé before the wedding. South Asia Afghanistan In 2012, Afghanistan recorded 240 cases of honor killings, but the total number is believed to be much higher. Of the reported honor killings, 21% were committed by the victims' husbands, 7% by their brothers, 4% by their fathers, and the rest by other relatives. In May 2017, United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan concluded that the vast majority of cases involving honor killings and murders of women, perpetrators were not punished. Of the 280 recorded cases in the January 2016-December 2017 time span, 50 cases ended in a conviction. UNAMA concluded that the vast majority offences could be committed with impunity. India Honor killings have been reported in northern regions of India, mainly in the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and the southern state of Tamil Nadu. The main reason for these crimes is a result of people marrying without their family's acceptance, especially when it is between members of two different castes or religious groups, or, more particular to northwestern India, between members of the same gotra, or exogamous clan. In contrast, honor killings are less prevalent but are not completely non-existent in the western Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Honor killings are reflected in nationwide data from the National Crime Records Bureau. That data showed 251 honor killings in 2015, though activists considered that a significant undercount. The same records bureau reported only 24 honor killings in 2019. According to a survey by AIDWA, over 30 percent of honor killings in the country take place in Western Uttar Pradesh. In some other parts of India, notably West Bengal, honor killings completely ceased about a century ago, largely due to the activism and influence of reformists such as Vivekananda, Ramakrishna, Vidyasagar and Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Haryana has had many incidences of honor killings, mainly among Meenas, Rajputs and Jats. Role of khap panchayats (caste councils of village elders) has been questioned. Madhu Kishwar, a professor at Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, claims that only 2% to 3% honor killings are related to gotra killings by the khap or caste panchayats, rest are done by the families. "Will you ban families? there are plenty of tyrannical police officials, plenty of incompetent and corrupt judges in India who pass very retrogressive judgments, but no one says ban the police and the law courts. By what right do they demand a ban on khaps, simply because some members have undemocratic views? Educated elite in India don't know anything about the vital role played by these age-old institutions of self-governance." In March 2010, Karnal district court ordered the execution of five perpetrators of an honor killing and imprisoning for life the khap (local caste-based council) chief who ordered the killings of Manoj Banwala (23) and Babli (19), a man and woman of the same gotra who eloped and married in June 2007. Despite having been given police protection on court orders, they were kidnapped; their mutilated bodies were found a week later in an irrigation canal. In 2013, a young couple who were planning to marry were murdered in Garnauthi village, Haryana, due to having a love affair. The woman, Nidhi, was beaten to death and the man, Dharmender, was dismembered alive. People in the village and neighbouring villages approved of the killings. The Indian state of Punjab also has a large number of honor killings. According to data compiled by the Punjab Police, 34 honor killings were reported in the state between 2008 and 2010: 10 in 2008, 20 in 2009, and four in 2010. Bhagalpur in the eastern Indian state of Bihar has also been notorious for honor killings. Jagir Kaur a prominent Sikh leader was also charged with allegation of Honor Killing of her daughter and she was sent to jail . However murder charges were dropped later by court . Recent cases include a 16-year-old girl, Imrana, from Bhojpur who was set on fire inside her house in a case of what the police called 'moral vigilantism'. The victim had screamed for help for about 20 minutes before neighbors arrived, only to find her smoldering body. She was admitted to a local hospital, where she later died from her injuries. In May 2008, Jayvirsingh Bhadodiya shot his daughter Vandana Bhadodiya and struck her on the head with an axe. Honor killings occur even in Delhi. Honor killings take place in Rajasthan, too. In June 2012, a man chopped off his 20-year-old daughter's head with a sword in Rajasthan after learning that she was dating men. According to police officer, "Omkar Singh told the police that his daughter Manju had relations with several men. He had asked her to mend her ways several times in the past. However, she did not pay heed. Out of pure rage, he chopped off her head with the sword". In 1990, the National Commission for Women set up a statutory body to address the issues of honor killings among some ethnic groups in North India. This body reviewed constitutional, legal, and other provisions as well as challenges women face. The NCW's activism has contributed significantly towards the reduction of honor killings in rural areas of North India. According to Pakistani activists Hina Jilani and Eman M Ahmed, Indian women are considerably better protected against honor killings by Indian law and government than Pakistani women, and they have suggested that governments of countries affected by honor killings use Indian law as a model to prevent honor killings in their respective societies. In June 2010, scrutinizing the increasing number of honor killings, the Supreme Court of India demanded responses about honor killing prevention from the federal government and the state governments of Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. Alarmed by the rise of honor killings, the Government planned to bring a bill in the Monsoon Session of Parliament July 2010 to provide for deterrent punishment for 'honor' killings. In 2000, Jaswinder Kaur Sidhu (nicknamed Jassi), a Canadian Punjabi who married rickshaw driver Sukhwinder Singh Sidhu (nicknamed Mithu) against her family's wishes, was brutally murdered in India following orders from her mother and uncle in Canada so that "the family honor was restored". Her body was found in an irrigation canal. Mithu was kidnapped, beaten and left to die, but survived. Tamil Nadu has had 192 cases of honor killings, most relating to marriages between a woman higher in the caste hierarchy than the man she marries. These marriages in particular are considered "dishonorable" since the women of the caste are responsible for its continuation, by having children. According to Kathir of anti-caste group Evidence, "There is this firm belief that if I get my daughter married to someone of my own caste, I have succeeded in safeguarding it. And if not, one's prestige is challenged, and then there is barbaric anger". In 2016, Chinnaswamy, a member of the Thevar community dominant in the southern part of the state, ordered the killing of his daughter Kausalya and her husband Shankar, belonging to the Dalit Pallar community. The crime, taking place at Udumalaipettai Bus station, was caught on video with Shankar hacked to death in broad daylight, while his wife barely escaped alive. The accused in the case were at first sentenced to death, but later Chinnaswamy was ruled "not guilty" and the other killer's sentences were reduced. Once unheard of in Kerala, honor killings related to inter-caste marriages are becoming more prevalent in the southern state also. Nepal Honor killings have been reported in Nepal, with much of them linked with the caste system that is deeply rooted in Nepalese tradition. Most honor killings are reportedly undetected. Gender-based violence has been the deadliest form of violence in Nepal as of 2017, which includes honor killings and have been rising in the country as of 2012. Pakistan In Pakistan honor killings are known locally as karo-kari. An Amnesty International report noted "the failure of the authorities to prevent these killings by investigating and punishing the perpetrators." Official data put the number of women killed in honor killings in 2015 at nearly 1,100. Recent cases include that of three teenage girls who were buried alive after refusing arranged marriages. Another case was that of Taslim Khatoon Solangi, 17, of Hajna Shah village in Khairpur district, which was widely reported after her father, 57-year-old Gul Sher Solangi, publicized the case. He alleged his eight-months-pregnant daughter was tortured and killed on 7 March on the orders of her father-in-law, who accused her of carrying a child conceived out of wedlock. Statistically, honor killings have a high level of support in Pakistan's rural society, despite widespread condemnation from human rights groups. In 2002 alone over 382 people, about 245 women and 137 men, became victims of honor killings in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Over the course of six years, more than 4,000 women have died as victims of honor killings in Pakistan from 1999 to 2004. In 2005 the average annual number of honor killings for the whole nation was stated to be more than 1,000 per year. A 2009 study by Muazzam Nasrullah et al. reported a total of 1,957 honor crime victims reported in Pakistan's newspapers from 2004 to 2007. Of those killed, 18% were below the age of 18 years, and 88% were married. Husbands, brothers, and close relatives were direct perpetrators of 79% of the honor crimes reported by mainstream media. The method used for honor crime included firearms (most common), stabbing, axe, and strangulation. According to women's rights advocates, "the concepts of women as property, and of honor, are so deeply entrenched in the social, political and economic fabric of Pakistan that the government mostly ignores the regular occurrences of women being killed and maimed by their families." Frequently, women killed in honor killings are recorded as having committed suicide or died in accidents. Savitri Goonesekere states that tribal leaders in Pakistan use religious justifications for sanctioning honor killings. On 27 May 2014, a pregnant woman was stoned to death by her own family in front of a Pakistani high court for marrying the man she loved. "I killed my daughter as she had insulted all of our family by marrying a man without our consent, and I have no regret over it," the father reportedly told the police investigator. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif described the stoning as "totally unacceptable," and ordered the chief minister of Punjab province to provide an immediate report. He demanded to know why police did nothing, despite the killing taking place outside one of the country's top courts, in the presence of police. Scholars suggest that the Islamic law doctrine of Qisas and Diyya encourages honor killings, particularly against females, as well as allows the murderer to go unpunished. However it has been pointed out that criminals can still be punished under tazir or fasad doctrine which is often ignored by judges sympathetic to killers. In 2016, Pakistan repealed the loophole which allowed the perpetrators of honor killings to avoid punishment by seeking forgiveness for the crime from another family member, and thus be legally pardoned. In January 2017 a Pakistani mother was sentenced to death for killing her daughter that had married against her family's wishes. On 14 May 2020, two women in North Waziristan province of Pakistan were murdered and buried by their family members in an act of honor killing, after a video of the women kissing a man circulated on social media platforms. East Asia Honor killing is rare in modern East Asia. Only one case in China is considered by some as an honor killing. On 15 April 2017, Ma Ruibao, a Hui resident of Zhongning County in Ningxia, murdered his daughter, her boyfriend asurnamed Li and the taxi driver who drove the couple home. Ma Ruibao confessed that he murdered his daughter and Li on April 15 because he was not "satisfied" with Li. Though some civilian speculators believed it to be an honor killing, Ding Liyu, a police officer from the Qingtongxia police bureau, said he did not know what an honor killing is and why it has anything to do with the murder. The Americas Brazil Throughout the 20th century, husbands have used the "legitimate defense of their honor" (legítima defesa da honra) as justification for adultery-related killings in court cases. Although this defense was not explicitly stipulated in the 20th-century Criminal Code, it has been successfully pleaded by lawyers throughout the 20th century, in particular in the interior of the country, though less so in the coastal big cities. In 1991 Brazil's Supreme Court explicitly rejected the "honor defense" as having no basis in Brazilian law. Canada Honor killings have become such a pressing issue in Canada that the Canadian citizenship study guide mentions it specifically, saying, "Canada's openness and generosity do not extend to barbaric cultural practices that tolerate spousal abuse, 'honour killings', female genital mutilation, forced marriage or other gender-based violence." Canada has been host to a number of high-profile killings, including the murder of Jaswinder Kaur Sidhu, the murder of Amandeep Atwal, the double murder of Khatera Sadiqi and her fiancé, and the Shafia family murders. A 2007 study by Dr. Amin Muhammad and Dr. Sujay Patel of Memorial University, Canada, investigated how the practice of honor killings was brought to Canada. The report explained that "When people come and settle in Canada they can bring their traditions and forcefully follow them. In some cultures, people feel that some boundaries are never to be crossed, and if someone would violate those practices or go against them, then killing is justified to them." The report noted that "In different cultures, they can get away without being punished—the courts actually sanction them under religious contexts". The report also said that the people who commit these crimes are usually mentally ill and that the mental health aspect is often ignored by Western observers because of a lack of understanding of the insufficiently developed state of mental healthcare in developing countries in which honor killings are prevalent. United States Several honor killings have occurred in the U.S. during recent years. In 1989, in St. Louis, Missouri, 16-year-old Palestina "Tina" Isa was murdered by her Palestinian father with the aid of his wife. Her parents were dissatisfied with her "westernized" lifestyle. In 2008, in Georgia, 25-year-old Sandeela Kanwal was murdered by her Pakistani father for refusing an arranged marriage. Amina and Sarah Said, two teenage sisters from Texas were murdered, allegedly by their Egyptian father, Yaser Abdel Said, who was at large until his capture in Texas in August 2020. Aasiya Zubair was, together with her husband Muzzammil Hassan, the founder and owner of Bridges TV, the first American Muslim English-language television network. She was murdered by her husband in 2009. Phyllis Chesler argues that this crime was an honor killing. In 2009, in Arizona, Noor Almaleki, aged 20, was murdered by her father, an Iraqi immigrant, because she had refused an arranged marriage and was living with her boyfriend. The extent of honor-based violence in the U.S. is not known, because no official data is collected. There is controversy about the reasons why such violence occurs, and about the extent to which culture, religion, and views on women cause these incidents. Latin America Crimes of passion within Latin America have also been compared to honor killings. As with honor killings, crimes of passion often feature the murder of a woman by a husband, family member, or boyfriend, and the crime is often condoned or sanctioned. In Peru, for example, 70 percent of the murders of women in one year were committed by a husband, boyfriend, or lover, and most often jealousy or suspicions of infidelity are cited as the reasons for the murders. El Salvador ranks the worst in the world on the UN rankings of femicide. The view that violence can be justified in the name of honor and shame exists traditionally in Latin American societies, and machismo is often described as a code of honor. While some ideas originated in the Spanish colonial culture, others predate it: in the early history of Peru, the laws of the Incas allowed husbands to starve their wives to death if they committed adultery, while Aztec laws in early Mexico stipulated stoning or strangulation as punishment for female adultery. Until the 1990s, the marriage of a girl or woman to the man who had raped her was considered a "solution" to the incident in order to restore her family's 'honor'. In fact, although laws that exonerate the perpetrator of rape if he marries his victim after the rape are often associated with the Middle East, such laws were very common around the world until the second half of the 20th century. As late as 1997, fourteen Latin American countries had such laws although most of these countries have since abolished them. Such laws were ended in Mexico in 1991, El Salvador in 1996, Colombia in 1997, Peru in 1999, Chile in 1999, Brazil in 2005, Uruguay in 2005, Guatemala in 2006, Costa Rica in 2007, Panama in 2008, Nicaragua in 2008, Argentina in 2012, and Ecuador in 2014. Oceania Australia Jim Spigelman (who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales from 19 May 1998 until 31 May 2011) said that Australia's increasing diversity was creating conflicts about how to deal with the customs and traditions of immigrant populations. He said: "There are important racial, ethnic and religious minorities in Australia who come from nations with sexist traditions which, in some respects, are even more pervasive than those of the West." He said that honor crimes, forced marriages and other violent acts against women were becoming a problem in Australia. In 2010, in New South Wales, Indonesian born Hazairin Iskandar and his son murdered the lover of Iskandar's wife. Iskandar stabbed the victim with a knife while his son bashed him with a hammer. The court was told that the reason for the murder was the perpetrators' belief that extramarital affairs were against their religion; and that the murder was carried out to protect the honor of the family and was a "pre-planned, premeditated and executed killing". The judge said that: "No society or culture that regards itself as civilized can tolerate to any extent, or make any allowance for, the killing of another person for such an amorphous concept as an honor". Pela Atroshi was a Kurdish 19-year-old girl who was murdered by her uncle in Iraqi Kurdistan in 1999. The decision to murder her was taken by a council of her male relatives, led by Pela's grandfather, Abdulmajid Atroshi, who lived in Australia. One of his sons, Shivan Atroshi, who helped with the murder, also lived in Australia. Pela Atroshi was living in Sweden, but was taken by family members to Iraqi Kurdistan to be murdered, as ordered by a family council of male relatives living in Sweden and Australia because they claimed she had tarnished the family honor. Pela Atroshi's murder was officially deemed an honor killing by authorities. References Honor killing

69847308

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20%C5%9Aliwi%C5%84ski

Bernard Śliwiński

Bernard Stanisław Śliwiński (1883-1941) was a Polish doctor of law, insurgent during the Greater Poland uprising, Lieutenant colonel in the Polish Armed Forces infantry, district commander of the state police, Mayor of Bydgoszcz and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari. Biography Early life Bernard Śliwiński was born on July 5, 1883, in Poniec in the Province of Posen, then part of the Kingdom of Prussia. He was the son of Roman, a butcher's master, and Antonina née Present. He passed his secondary school-leaving examination (Abitur) at the gymnasium of Wschowa. He was a member of the Tomasz Zan Society, a youth independence organization and secret student association fighting against Germanization and censorship of Polish culture. He studied law at the Humboldt University of Berlin and the University of Wrocław. In the course of his studies, from 1907 to 1908, Śliwiński performed his compulsory military service in the Imperial German Army: he completed it as a sergeant and was promoted in 1912 to the rank of Second lieutenant. He eventually obtained the title of doctor of law in 1911, delivered by the University of Wrocław. Once graduated, Bernard worked from 1911 to 1914 in the judiciary domain as a court referendary. At the outset of World War I, he was mobilized into the army of the German Empire, fighting on the Western Front. In June 1917, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919) In November 1918, Śliwiński witnessed the German Revolution in Berlin. Following these events, he gave up his German uniform and returned to Greater Poland (). In December 1918, he was a candidate to the People's Council in Poznań, a Polish committee which played a critical role during the uprising. Thanks to his contacts in the "Polish-German Workers' and Soldiers' Council" in Poniec and the "Powiat People's Council" of Gostyń, Bernard was entrusted in 1919 with the leadership of the uprising in the Gostyń County. He ordered the announcement of a mass action in powiat and organized a battalion to defend Poniec, threatened by German troops in Rawicz and Rawicz. In January 1919, he was officially nominated commander of the Leszno section by the military command in Poznań. In early February 1919, Śliwiński started to form and train the "60th Infantry Regiment of Wielkopolska", part of the 15th Infantry Division. He fought in this regiment until July 30, 1919. In the fall of 1919, he moved with the "6th Greater Poland Rifle Regiment" to the city of Zbąszyń for recovering. On December 18, 1919, this regiment translated to Bydgoszcz area, near Żnin. On January 20, 1920, Bernard Śliwiński entered Bydgoszcz at the head of the regiment, hence formally welcoming the city back to the Polish territory. In the following days, he also seized Świecie, Koronowo and Tuchola. During the year 1919, he was successively promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in January, Captain in March and Major in June. In the beginning of February 1920, having billeted his regiment in Koronowo, he was transferred to Bydgoszcz. Polish–Soviet War As part of the Polish–Soviet War, Śliwiński set off with his regiment to Brody in Eastern Małopolska (today in western Ukraine) on March 8, 1920. He took part in the Kiev Offensive in Ukraine (April–May 1920) and on the Lithuanian-Belarusian front. He received the rank of Lieutenant colonel on April 1, 1920. Wounded, he was treated from July to October 1920 in a hospital in Poznań, before returning to his unit. He had a reputation for being an appreciated commander, taking care of his soldiers. At the end of the conflict (October 1920), Bernard Śliwiński commanded the "6th Greater Poland Rifle Regiment" and then "19th Infantry Brigade" in Inowrocław. In 1921, he was transferred to the reserve. Eventually, from February 4, 1921, to mid-1922, he was a police inspector, commanding the "11th District Command of the state police" in Poznań. Mayor of Bydgoszcz In January 1922, Bernard Śliwiński stood as a candidate for the position of Mayor of Bydgoszcz and was elected by the city council on May 4. He was sworn in on July 27 and took his new post on August 1, 1922. His vision for Bydgoszcz was to have a great city, a center of trade and industry in the western borderlands of Poland, a strong fortress of Polishness (). At the beginning of his term, Śliwiński aimed to have Bydgoszcz integrated into the then Pomeranian Voivodeship and the seat of the voivodeship transferred to his city. He conducted negotiations on the move the Railway Directorate from Danzig to Bydgoszcz, but to no avail. Furthermore, he fought to provide the city with reliable telephone communications with the other major cities of the country. In the 1920s, a project of canal to bring coal from Silesia to Danzig was considered and Śliwiński lobbied with the Chamber of Industry and Commerce to have it integrated with the existing local network. The scheme, however, was never developed further. Conversely, his actions allowed the Polish Coal Trunk-Line to go through Bydgoszcz in the early 1930s. With the economic revival in the country from 1926 to 1929, he took care of the development of housing construction. From these actions, one can mention the following achievements: functional apartments (e.g. workers' houses in Ludwikowo and Biedaszkowo districts); a home for the elderly at Grudziądzka street; a bathhouse facility in Szwederowo district; the project of a large city hospital. Under his tenure, the municipality also organized work for the unemployed and fought the rising prices consequent to the Great Depression. Together with engineer Ludwik Regamey, Śliwiński supported the construction of the power plant in Jachcice district, at the time a rural area in the north-west part of the city. The plant has been supplying the municipal district heating network with hot water for more than 90 years. During his presidency, Bydgoszcz grew and developed, its sewerage and water supply networks extended. During this period, the Municipal Construction Office planned the expansion of the city, providing for the growth of the city up to 600,000 residents. As far as education and culture are concerned, the city offered land for the construction of a polytechnic university, allocating the missing funds. Śliwiński took care of the development of the Municipal Theatre. He also actively supported the establishment in 1923 of the Regional Museum. Various city organizations and associations were bolstered, such as the initiative of Witold Bełza to establish the "Society of the Lovers of the City of Bydgoszcz" () in February 1923: he became its first president (1923-1925). From 1925 to 1927, he was a member of the "construction committee of the Monument to Henryk Sienkiewicz", which was unveiled in July 1927, under the auspices of the president Ignacy Mościcki. While a mayor, Bernard Śliwiński donated books to the Municipal Library and founded a stained glass (1924) in the newly erected Church of Stanislaus of Szczepanów in Siernieczek district and an altar frontal (1925) at the St. Martin and Nicholas church. His activity in Bydgoszcz was often attacked at meetings of the City Council and in the local press. His opponents were mainly found among the socialists and national democrats. In 1925, a campaign was launched against him and lasted several years. It ended up with his removal from the city office in November 1930, suspended by a vote of the municipal council. His duties were taken over by his vice-president, Tadeusz Chmielarski. Activities in Poznań At the end of 1930, Bernard Śliwiński moved to Poznań and worked there as an attorney. Concurrently, he participated actively in organizations linked with the former Greater Poland uprising. He was one of the organizers and chairman of the "Union of Insurgents and Soldiers" in Poznań. In January 1938, he was elected to the Main Board of the "Association of Greater Poland Insurgents" (), gathering ancient fighters of this period. Between 1930 and 1939, he also published many valuable articles and memoirs about Greater Poland uprising, mainly in the pages of local magazine "Kronika Gostyńska". Second World War On September 1, 1939, at the start of the German invasion of Poland, Śliwiński took command of a regiment from the Poznań National Defense Brigade, which included three battalions of the National Defense ("Obrona Narodowa", ON). He took part in the "September campaign" of 1939, in particular the Battle of the Bzura. After the defeat, he was imprisoned in the Oflag II E near Neubrandenburg, where he died on December 18, 1941. Family Bernard Śliwiński married Marianna née Ciechowicz in 1922. They had two sons: Roman Marian (1928-1944) and Tomasz Augustyn (b.1930). Orders and commemorations Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari Golden Cross of Merit Cross of Independence Cross of Valour in 1921 Knight of the Légion d'honneur (France) A street in Bydgoszcz district of Bartodzieje is named after him (Ulica Bernarda Śliwińskiego) as well as in Poniec, his home town. The primary school in Poniec has been named after him. In addition his house in the city now bears a commemorative plaque since April 5, 1988. Gallery See also Bydgoszcz Partitions of Poland Resistance movements in partitioned Poland (1795–1918) List of Polish people References Bibliography Pindel K., Obrona narodowa 1937–1939, Warszawa: Wydaw. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1979, s. 213, ISBN 83-11-06301-X, OCLC 69279234. People from Bydgoszcz 1883 births 1941 deaths Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) participants Member of the Tomasz Zan Society Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari Recipients of the Cross of Independence Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland) Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

69849467

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company%20%28United%20States%20Army%29

Company (United States Army)

A company is a military unit of the United States Army which has been in use since the American Revolutionary War. It has historically been commanded by a Captain, assisted by a First Sergeant as the senior-most non-commissioned officer (NCO), and consisted of approximately one hundred soldiers. Soldiers were divided between three and five platoons of around thirty each and led by a lieutenant. However the exact size and composition of a company has varied depending on the time period and its role. Companies in the US Army may be categorized as maneuver companies, the combat arms (infantry, tanks, artillery, etc.) which directly engage the enemy in combat, and support companies which provide administrative and logistical support to the combat arms in carrying out their mission. Companies operate as part of a parent battalion, however they may also be organized as independent companies. Such units are typically specialized forces such as military police or medical personnel. In both cases though, companies require support from higher formations as they are not meant to conduct independent operations. In the US Army, company-sized units of cavalry and artillery are referred to as a troops and batteries, respectively. Civil War During the American Civil War the company was considered the smallest military unit of the Union Army. The exact size and composition, however, depended not only on to which combat arm it belonged, but whether it was part of the Regular Army (USA) or raised by the individual states as United States Volunteers (USV). Infantry Company Infantry companies which belonged to the Regular Army's ten original regiments (1st through 10th) were authorized a captain, a first lieutenant, a second lieutenant, four sergeants (one of whom was first sergeant), four corporals, two musicians, and forty-two privates (some regiments were authorized seventy-two privates per company). After the war started, nine new infantry regiments (11th through 19th) were authorized companies with a slightly different structure, adding a fifth sergeant, four additional corporals, and up to eighty-two privates. Volunteer companies mirrored the "new" Regular companies but added a wagoner and could have between sixty-four to eighty-two privates. The wagoner was in charge of the company's wagon which carried its supplies, although during the war supply wagons were organized into trains placed under the control of regimental and higher commands. A company could be further divided into smaller sub-units, although these were rarely used in actual battle (with the exception of skirmishing) given the linear tactics of the time. One company could split into two platoons, with each divided into two sections and each section into two squads. The smallest sub-unit were "comrades in battle" or the four men adjacent to each other in the line of battle. Conversely, two companies operating together were considered a division. Cavalry Company Prior to the Civil War, the Regular Army's mounted soldiers were divided between cavalry, dragoons and mounted infantry. Dragoons were cavalry who primarily fought dismounted while mounted riflemen fought similarly but were armed with rifles instead of carbines or muskets. Despite these differences the companies for all three were similarly organized: a captain, a first lieutenant, a second lieutenant, four sergeants, four corporals, two musicians, two farrier/blacksmiths, and a hundred privates (although just sixty-four for mounted riflemen). In July 1861, Congress authorized the addition of a new mounted regiment, the 3rd Cavalry, for the Regular Army and the raising of Volunteer cavalry regiments. Each company was similar to the "old" company with the addition of a first sergeant, a quartermaster sergeant, four additional corporals, a saddler, a wagoner, and up to seventy-two privates. Saddlers were responsible for keeping the horse-equipment of the company under repair; while not responsible for ordinary military duty they were to be instructed in it all the same in case of necessity. A year later, the organization of all cavalry forces were streamlined and companies were officially renamed troops. Each troop consisted of a captain, a first lieutenant, two second lieutenants (one of them a supernumerary), a first sergeant, a commissary sergeant, five sergeants, eight corporals, two teamsters, two farriers/blacksmiths, a saddler, a wagoner, and seventy-eight privates. A final organizational change was issued in April 1863, removing the supernumerary second lieutenant and the teamsters and adding two trumpeters to each troop. Artillery Company The four artillery regiments of the Regular Army (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th) were all organized similarly with twelve companies, each company composed of a captain, two first lieutenants, two second lieutenants, four sergeants, four corporals, two musicians, two artificers, and forty-two privates (sixty-four if organized as field artillery). In May 1861, Congress authorized the creation of a 5th Artillery Regiment and the raising of Volunteer artillery forces which were organized differently from the first four. Their companies (officially termed batteries now) were each authorized a captain, first lieutenant, second lieutenant, first sergeant, quartermaster sergeant, four sergeants, eight corporals, two musicians, two artificers, a wagoner, and between fifty-eight and one hundred twenty-two privates. The battery could be expanded with an additional first lieutenant, second lieutenant, two sergeants, four corporals, and four artificers. Each battery had four, six or eight cannons, with a sergeant designated as Chief of Piece for each cannon and corporals assigned as gunners; two cannons were together organized as a section and commanded by a lieutenant. There was further differentiation between batteries depending on whether they consisted of heavy artillery, field artillery or horse artillery. Heavy artillery controlled large-calibre artillery and were typically used to garrison forts or set up in entrenchments. When in the field they had charge over the siege train and were armed, equipped, drilled and employed as infantry. Field artillery were equipped with lighter-calibre artillery that could be pulled by horses using limbers to provide artillery support for infantry. Each cannon would be pulled by a team of six or eight horses depending on its weight and be accompanied by one or two caissons carrying ammunition. A standard six-gun 12-pounder battery at full complement would consist of twelve caissons, a traveling forge, a battery wagon carrying supplies, 110 horses (inc. ten spares), 150 soldiers and 1,218 artillery rounds. Additional wagons, forges, etc. would accompany the battery if it were operating independently. Field artillery soldiers were primarily armed with pistols and cutlasses and except for the drivers and Chiefs of Pieces they would march on foot alongside the cannons. They could ride on the limbers and caissons but this was reserved for emergencies as doing so weighed down the horses. Horse artillery was the same as field artillery except all soldiers were mounted on horses, making them highly mobile and able to support cavalry with artillery fire. A full complement for a horse artillery battery was the same as a field artillery battery with the addition of two soldiers and twelve horses (one a spare) per cannon. Engineer Company The United States Army Corps of Engineers had a single company of combat engineers when the civil war began. Engineer Company A had been originally created by an act of Congress at the start of the Mexican-American War. It was organized with ten sergeants (master-workmen), ten corporals (overseers), two musicians, sixty-four first-class privates (artificers) and sixty-four second-class privates (laborers). In August 1861 Congress authorized the formation of three more companies to be organized the same as Engineer Company A, with all four organized into a single battalion (the US Engineer Battalion, later 1st Engineer Battalion). While trained engineers were required for complex tasks such as constructing pontoon bridges, most engineering work could be carried out by regular soldiers under supervision. For these purposes Union armies would detach soldiers from their normal duties to form company-sized units of pioneers. Their typical tasks during a campaign were to repair roads and clear obstacles for advancing forces, or to bury the dead after a battle. See also Headquarters and Headquarters Company References Companies of the United States Army

69852123

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot%20at%20Dawn

Shot at Dawn

Shot at Dawn is a 1934 detective novel by John Rhode, the pen name of the British writer Cecil Street. It is the nineteenth in his long-running series of novels featuring Lancelot Priestley, a Golden Age armchair detective. It was one of the best received novels in the series. In a review in the Sunday Times Dorothy L. Sayers wrote "Mr. John Rhode is one of those kind, thoughtful writers who patiently explain all the technical points of the narrative in words that a child could understand." Ralph Partridge in the New Statesman observed "Shot At Dawn is developed in that incalculable way which keeps one’s attention at the stretch, until the very last page—I actually got a thrill out of the verdict of the jury! The Crime Club has selected the book, and I certainly could not better their selection from the detective novels that have come my way in the last few months." Synopsis A motor boat Alandra arrives one evening in Riddinghithe and anchors in the harbour bay. In the morning a passing fisherman discovers a body lying on top of the cabin. The local police call in Scotland Yard and Inspector Hanslet arrives to investigate but is unable to discover anything more about the dead man other than his name and his interest in yachting. He is forced once again to turn to the assistance of Priestley. References Bibliography Evans, Curtis. Masters of the "Humdrum" Mystery: Cecil John Charles Street, Freeman Wills Crofts, Alfred Walter Stewart and the British Detective Novel, 1920-1961. McFarland, 2014. Herbert, Rosemary. Whodunit?: A Who's Who in Crime & Mystery Writing. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reilly, John M. Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers. Springer, 2015. 1934 British novels Novels by Cecil Street British crime novels British mystery novels British thriller novels British detective novels Collins Crime Club books Novels set in England

69852132

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow%20Grave%20%281987%20film%29

Shallow Grave (1987 film)

Shallow Grave is a 1987 American slasher film directed by Richard Styles and starring Tony March and Lisa Stahl. Its plot follows a group of young women traveling through the Southern United States who are stalked by a psychotic sheriff after witnessing him commit a murder. Plot University students Sue Ellen, Patty, Rose, and Cindy plan a spring break road trip from Virginia to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. At a diner in Georgia, the women meet two young men their age, Chad and Owen, who are also traveling to Florida. The women agree to catch up with the men the next day during the trip. The next day, while approaching the rural town of Medley, the women's car suffers a tire blowout, stranding them. Patty walks toward the town to get help while the others stay behind. Sue Ellen ventures into the woods to urinate, and stumbles upon a man, Dean, and his mistress, Angie, having sex. Sue Ellen watches from a distance as the couple begin to argue over their affair, culminating in Dean killing Angie by breaking her neck. Horrified, Sue Ellen flees, as Dean—the local Medley sheriff—places Angie's corpse in his car. While running, Sue Ellen injures her ankle, preventing her from moving quickly. Dean, realizing there are witnesses nearby, reaches the women's car before Sue Ellen does, and begins shooting his pistol at Rose and Cindy. One of the bullets strikes Cindy in the head, killing her immediately. Rose flees through the woods as Dean chases after her. Simultaneously, Sue Ellen arrives back at the car, only to find Rose and Cindy missing. She removes the car keys from the trunk hatch, and is subsequently met by Patty, returning to the car after having located a gas station. A panicked Sue Ellen explains to Patty what she witnessed, and the two depart back toward the gas station on foot. Moments later, Patty, having led Dean on a chase through the woods, returns to the car. She glimpses Sue Ellen and Patty down the road in the distance, and attempts to use the car horn to get their attention, but is caught by Dean, who strangles her. Dean buries the corpses of Angie, Cindy, and Rose in a shallow grave in the woods. Meanwhile, Chad and Owen begin to worry when the women fail to meet them, and decide to backtrack to search for them in Medley. Patty and Sue Ellen reach the closed gas station, where Sue Ellen is attacked by a security dog that injures her arm. They are subsequently met by Deputy Scott, who brings them to the county jail for questioning before holding them. Sheriff Dean arrives shortly after and questions the women, but Sue Ellen does not recognize him. Scott begins to investigate the disappearance of Angie, a barmaid at the local tavern, impervious to the fact that Dean had been carrying on an affair with her. Dean suggests that Sue Ellen and Patty are responsible for Angie's and their friends' disappearances. When Dean encounters Scott treating Sue Ellen and Patty hospitably at the station, he grows angry, and begins to yell at them. In doing so, Sue Ellen recognizes his voice, and realizes that Dean was the man she witnessed committing the murder. That afternoon, the shallow grave containing the three bodies is uncovered by Eli, the property owner, who phones the police. Scott investigates the scene, and when Dean is notified, he attempts to kidnap Sue Ellen and Patty, but the women manage to flee the jail. Dean summons Scott to help capture the women, whom he attempts to frame for the murders. Meanwhile, after the bodies are removed from the crime scene, Eli discovers Dean's sheriff badge in the dirt. Patty is captured and returned to the jail by Scott, who disbelieves her claims that Dean is the killer. Dean meanwhile enlists a band of local vigilantes to hunt Sue Ellen, authorizing them to shoot her on sight, while he returns to the jail and strangles Patty, staging it to appear as a suicide. Sue Ellen is ultimately saved from the vigilantes by Scott just as Owen and Chad arrive on the scene, followed by the paramedics and Sheriff Dean. Sue Ellen is placed in an ambulance, which Dean insists on riding along in; he tells Scott he hopes she will confess to the murders. As the ambulance prepares to depart, Eli approaches Scott with Sheriff Dean's badge, which he says he found in the shallow grave on his property. Realizing that Dean is guilty, Scott looks in horror as the ambulance drives away, aware that Dean will ostensibly murder Sue Ellen en route to the hospital. Cast Production Shallow Grave was filmed on location in Florida on a budget of $750,000. Release Shallow Grave received a regional theatrical release in the United States, showing in Tennessee in late-September 1987. Home media Vinegar Syndrome released Shallow Grave on Blu-ray in 2021. References External links 1987 films 1987 horror films American independent films American slasher films Films about police corruption Films set in Georgia (U.S. state) Films shot in Florida Neo-noir

69855683

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Sky%20Pride

Big Sky Pride

Big Sky Pride is the current gay pride celebration held annually in Montana. Known as the Montana Pride Celebration from 2004-2013, Big Sky Pride took over from the Montana Pride Network in 2014. The event often includes participation from local businesses, drag queens, non-profits, churches, and politicians. Though the event is often a venue for political organization, the event's organizers have noted that the celebratory aspect is equally important. The earliest Pride events in Montana were small local events drawing a few dozen people. The most recent event in 2021 drew over 8,000 participants. History Origins Beginning in 1993, various groups organized Pride celebrations and protests across the state. According to a speech by state senator Diane Sands, the original 1993 pride movement faced harassment such as having eggs thrown at them, and then-city councilwoman and former Helena mayor Colleen McCarthy recounted the backlash from constituents that year, including a physical attack from two men who were stopped by police. Only early pride event in Kalispell had only 30 attendees, compared to several hundred in 2009. Before 2004, yearly Pride events with political protests calling for equal rights for LGBTQ Montanans were organized primarily by the Montana Human Rights Network and happened yearly in the state capital and often in other cities. The last large counter-protest occurred in 2010. From 2004 to 2013, the Montana Pride Celebration held by the Montana Pride Network was a three-day event, usually over a weekend in June. Events typically included a parade, festival, dances and musical events. Because of Montana's relatively small and dispersed population, Montana Pride served as a single event for the state as a whole, rotating among the state's larger towns from year to year. The celebration was held in Missoula in 2004, Helena in 2005 and 2006, Billings in 2007 and 2008, Kalispell in 2009 and 2010, Bozeman in 2011 and 2012, and Butte in 2013. In March 2014, the Montana Pride Network collapsed and canceled the pride celebration in Butte for 2014. Big Sky Pride In 2014, Big Sky Pride took over and held a festival in Butte that June, with 2015's festival in Missoula and 2016's in Great Falls. Though the event had always been political, the 2017 event in Billings noted its partnerships with local businesses, with over 30 sponsors (including national corporations), and support from the local Democratic Socialists of America and Libertarian Party of the United States on top of the usual appearances from local Democrats. The 2018 event in Helena had notable historical themes. Many state politicians made speeches about the history of the Montanan pride movement, while counter-protestors from the Fellowship Baptist Church in Sidney attempted to disrupt the speeches. After 2017, a spin-off parade in Billings has been held by the non-profit organization 406 Pride. Big Sky Pride had its largest parade thus far in 2019, with over 4,000 parade participates and 2,500 spectators in downtown Helena. After the 2020 event was canceled due to COVID-19 concerns, the 2021 event was held in Helena, and it featured other nonprofit and human rights organizations and supportive speeches from Helena's mayor Wilmot Collins and state representative Moffie Funk. Local media noted that the event came on the heels of several anti-LGBT bills passing in the most recent state legislative session; however, the event was estimated to have attracted over 8,000 participants, a large increase over the last event in 2019. The event has nods to the area's rural roots through events like rodeo-themed parties. See also Pride parade References External links Official website LGBT in Montana Festivals in Montana Pride parades in the United States

69855686

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance%20of%20Christina%20Calayca

Disappearance of Christina Calayca

Christina Calayca (born 19 December 1986) was a young Filipino-Canadian woman who disappeared from Rainbow Falls Provincial Park, Ontario in 2007. As of 2022, her whereabouts and the circumstances surrounding her disappearance remain unknown. Background Christina Calayca was born on 19 December 1986 to parents Elizabeth Rutledge and Mario Calayca, who divorced when she was 1 year old. A Filipino Canadian, Calayca's mother had immigrated to Canada in 1980 from Mindanao in the Philippines. Calayca had never been to the Philippines, though her mother planned to someday travel there with her. She had one sibling: a younger brother, Michael Rutledge, who was 15 years old at the time of her disappearance. Calayca was raised as a devout Catholic, and according to her mother had begun praying at the age of one. In the summer of 2007, Calayca was living in the Cabbagetown neighbourhood of Toronto and working nine-hour days at a summer camp hosted by St. Bernadette’s Day Care, adjacent to D’Arcy McGee Catholic School. Prior to her disappearance, Calayca attended George Brown College and graduated with a certificate in Early Childhood Education in 2006. Calayca was passing along half her salary to her mother, allowing Rutledge to drop several side jobs to focus on her career as a self-employed financial advisor. The family cared for two cats, Crystal and Oreo, the latter having given birth shortly before Calayca's disappearance, but in a case of serendipity Oreo disappeared from their Toronto home on the same day Calayca went missing and never returned, leaving behind her kittens which died soon after. Investigators believe Calayca was not in a romantic relationship in August 2007. Statements from her family have described Calayca as hard-working and a natural leader, with ambitions of performing missionary work in the Philippines and going on a family vacation to Panama before attending teachers' college at York University. Calayca held a leadership position in a church-affiliated youth group, Youth for Christ, and was responsible for organizing one of its largest conferences. She had also contributed a significant number of volunteer hours to an affiliated youth ministry. Calayca has also been noted as having very poor spatial awareness, sense of direction, and sense of balance. Prior to her disappearance, she had been part of a hiking group which became lost on the Seaton Hiking Trail near Oshawa and only emerged from the bush after wandering aimlessly for some time. Family members have noted that Calayca also had a number of phobias, including a fear of spiders and rodents, but had experience fasting and was not a picky eater, traits that her mother believed would allow her to survive in the wilderness. She had also suffered an inflamed callus years prior when she stepped on a needle by accident and did not have it removed immediately, allowing it to become embedded in her foot and leave a lasting injury which made running or standing for long periods of time painful. As a result of her injury, Calayca generally kept in shape by playing volleyball and would only occasionally try jogging. At the time of her disappearance, Calayca weighed 125-130 lbs, and stood 5'2" (157 cm) tall. She had brown eyes and wavy, shoulder-length black hair with orange streaks in her bangs. Her skin tone has been described as having a dark East Asian complexion, and investigators noted that she was in good health but poor physical condition at the time she went missing. Disappearance Preparations Prior to the 2007 Civic Holiday, Christina Calayca had intended to participate in a youth conference taking place in Montreal, but found the cost of the trip would be too expensive. Rather than attend the conference, Calayca and three friends ― her cousin, Faith Castulo (age 20); and two friends from Youth for Christ, Edward "Eddy" Migue (age 20) and Joe "J.B." Benedict (age 19) ― made plans to camp at Rainbow Falls Provincial Park in Northwestern Ontario over the long weekend. The provincial park covers an area of about 575 hectares and is located on Highway 17 between the towns of Schreiber and Rossport. Two camping areas exist within the park: the main Whitesand Lake campground, located less than a kilometre from the park gates; and the Rossport campground, located three kilometres to the west along the Trans-Canada Highway. Every campsite comes equipped with a metal-grilled fire pit but all other amenities, including showers, are provided at a central comfort station. Most of the hiking trails in the area are short, generally measuring around 3 km, with the exception of the 53-kilometre Casque Isles Trail which passes through the park and stretches from Rossport to Terrace Bay. The park has been described by investigators as "one of the most rugged" areas in the province, as outside of its established hiking trails the area is covered in thick bush and cliffs up to 240 metres high. None of the four participants in the trip were experienced campers and none had ever been as far north as Thunder Bay. While they had put enough planning into the trip for Calayca to let work colleagues know where she was going, she did not tell her mother their exact destination. The decision on where to spend their long weekend was made by typing the keyword 'falls' into an online search engine and selecting the third result. Sunday, 5 August At around noon on Sunday, 5 August 2007, Calayca and the rest of her group arrived at Rainbow Falls Provincial Park after driving about 14 to 15 hours from Toronto in a green Honda CR-V which belonged to Calayca's mother. The group had left Toronto the day before at around 10:00 in the morning, stopping in Sault Ste. Marie, Neys Provincial Park, and Schreiber along the way. They had also been delayed by running out of fuel outside Wawa. Although they had reserved campsite lot 72 in the Whitesand Lake campground, the group relocated to lot 88 as it was positioned in a more private area along the lake than lot 72, which was on the main road running through the campground. The park was busy, with about three-quarters of its 97 campsites occupied by visitors, most of whom were locals from nearby communities. Calayca and her friends spent the rest of the afternoon setting up and relaxing at the campsite before laying down to nap for half an hour around 18:30. The alarm which was supposed to wake the group failed to do so, and they remained sleeping until about 22:30. After waking they lit a campfire and spent the next several hours crowded around and grilling over it. The group finished almost all of their food and consumed several alcoholic beverages, though according to Migue none of them drank enough to become intoxicated. The last known photograph of Calayca was taken just after midnight, at 00:08 on Monday, 6 August; the photo features her, Migue, and Benedict tending to a frying pan over the fire, and was taken by Castulo. The group finally doused the flame at around 03:30 and went to bed around 04:00, at which time Calayca joked that the group should go swimming before noting that it was too dark to do so. Monday, 6 August At around 06:30, eight minutes before dawn, Calayca asked Migue to accompany her to the comfort station, and according to Migue he and Calayca decided to go jogging on their return trip. Accounts differ as to whether or not the pair decided to take different paths immediately or if they had tried to run together until Calayca, unable to keep up with Migue, instead decided to take an alternative route. The two split up at an intersection near the park entrance and just south of the comfort station, with Migue following the road towards Highway 17 and Calayca opting for a different road which led to the Rainbow Falls, the cascading waterfalls which lend their name to the provincial park. This is the last confirmed sighting of Calayca. When last seen by Migue, Calayca was wearing a striped maroon and purple shirt (alternatively described as long-sleeved or a t-shirt), a blue hoodie, size-36 black pants, and white running shoes. Earlier photos of Calayca indicate she had also brought a yellow 'Lucky in Love' t-shirt, grey hoodie, and large sunglasses on the trip. Migue later recounted that Calayca's mood at the time appeared upbeat, which was considered normal for her. Schreiber resident Paul Gauthier later told police that he may have seen Calayca the morning she disappeared. According to Gauthier, he had been camping at the Rossport section of the campgrounds roughly 3 km from the lot where she and her friends had stayed the night. Gauthier was drinking coffee outside his RV at around 09:00 when he spotted an unidentified Asian woman run off the highway and through the campground. Police questioned Gauthier multiple times about the sighting, but to date have not confirmed if the person he saw was Calayca. Investigation Initial search, 6–10 August After splitting up with Christina Calayca, Edward Migue followed the road toward Highway 17 with the intention of reaching the Rossport campground. He only got as far as a roadside picnic area where he carved "FCJE", the first initials of all four members of their group, into a rock before turning back. About an hour after he and Calayca set out jogging, Migue returned to the campsite and began searching for an axe to whittle down some oversized logs, but was unable to find one. Joe Benedict and Faith Castulo woke around 09:30. At first the group was not concerned that Calayca had yet to rejoin them, and Castulo suggested her cousin was likely taking a walk through the forest to clear her mind. As they waited for her to return, Benedict showered at the comfort station and stopped by one of the park beaches to check for Calayca, while Castulo and Migue prepared breakfast. When Calayca had still not returned by 11:00, her friends began looking for her. Benedict and Migue drove along the road to the falls and then searched the Lake Superior Trail and Rainbow Falls Trail, two divergent forest trails she may have jogged down. Although a number of other people were present on the trails, the two men did not ask them for help. Around 13:45 the group left a note for Calayca at the campground in case she returned while they were out searching, and intended to drive to Rossport where one of the hiking trails ends. While inquiring about trail maps at the park gatehouse, they informed park staff that Calayca was missing. After advising the group to report the situation to the Ontario Provincial Police, park personnel began making phone calls as well as searching local trails and beaches for Calayca. Her friends officially reported her missing around 14:00, seven and a half hours after she was last sighted, and her mother, Elizabeth Rutledge, was informed of the situation around 16:00. Under the command of OPP Sgt. Eric Luoto, the OPP Northwest Region Emergency Response Team took responsibility for the first search for Calayca, establishing a command post in the park near Whitesand Lake. The search would last a total of 17 days, one of the longest in the region's history; and see the deployment of about 100 police officers, fire fighters, divers, and specialists unaffiliated with the police, though for the first four days only about 30 of these personnel were involved. Searchers used GPS, underwater side-scanning radar, infrared cameras, and four canine units in the search, as well as two fixed-wing airplanes, a floatplane, three helicopters, and marine vehicles. Pilots from the Civil Air Search and Rescue Association (CASARA) also participated in the first two weeks of the search, sending at least one aircraft each day to help look for signs of Calayca. For the duration of this search, most statements to the media were delivered by OPP regional spokesperson Sgt. Deb Tully. The weather at Rainbow Falls on 6 August was favourable, ranging between a low of 15 °C and high of 23°, and the fog which usually covers Lake Superior had cleared. Conditions briefly worsened on Tuesday, 7 August, when a hard rainstorm hit the area, but temperatures rose again and the area experienced an unseasonably warm few weeks while the search was ongoing. The rain did have a lasting side effect on the search, causing a significant amount of leaves to fall from the canopy and cover the ground. The difficult terrain was a serious challenge for searchers, resulting in three injuries: a dog handler who experienced a sprained ankle, another handler with a twisted knee, and a rescue worker who suffered facial lacerations while attempting to rappel down a cliff. A search dog was also lost in the forest during the search. For safety reasons, no searches were performed at night. Canine units were deployed early on in the search, but by the time they arrived on the scene nearly a full day had passed since Calayca had last been spotted and they were unable to pick up her scent. The OPP sent investigators to survey the Rainbow Falls Trail and Casque Isles Trail, splitting officers into teams of three to search the main path of each trail as well as the area just off the path on either side. Acting on the assumption that Calayca was alive but lost, they covered the entirety of the 53-kilometre Casque Isles Trail over the course of several days, frequently calling out her name. The OPP also deployed "hasty teams" to search the area around where Calayca was last spotted, concentrating their efforts along natural and anthropogenic corridors off the trail, such as rivers or electrical lines, which a person may follow when lost. Investigators determined their search area based on a standard lost hiker behavioural profile, using a statistical method to determine that she would likely be found inside an 8-kilometre radius from the place where she was last seen, as is the case in about 90% of situations where people go missing in woodlands. This tactic was undermined by the difficult terrain in the area, the possible sighting in Rossport, and a flawed understanding of Calayca's behavioural profile. While some items of interest were recovered during these searches, none have been officially linked to Calayca. One team which searched around the Rainbow Falls recovered a pair of socks from a deep pool of water in the Hewitson River (sometimes called "Whitesand River") at the base of the falls, as well as a footprint in a mossy area nearby. According to investigators, the socks were likely too large to fit Calayca and attempts to test them for DNA have been inconclusive. While the footprint matched Calayca's shoe size, without a preserved tread pattern it was impossible to determine if it was created by one of her running shoes. Nonetheless, a Thunder Bay identification officer was brought in on the investigation to create a plaster cast of the print for further forensic study. Another unit located a site where a broken branch and candy wrapper suggested a person had rested, but DNA recovered from the wrapper was tested at the Molecular World laboratory in Thunder Bay and was found to not match Calayca's genetic profile. Air units began using thermal imagery to look for Calayca on the fourth day of the search, while aircraft without infrared equipment engaged in hour-long flights outside the area being searched by the hasty teams on the ground. From the air, searchers noted some areas with heightened activity in scavenging birds, including turkey vultures and crows, as well as one site with a lean-to. Ground searches of these locations turned up no signs of Calayca. Some police resources involved in the search were diverted after the body of a Sault Ste. Marie man was found in a tent south of Wawa on Friday, 10 August but by Monday, 12 August the number of officers involved in the search had increased to about 70. Officers were again diverted to another missing person investigation near Nipigon on Wednesday, 15 August, but this was soon determined to be a false alarm. Missing person posters were distributed in nearby communities, including Schreiber, in the first few days of the search. Volunteer and marine search, 11–23 August Although asked not to participate in the search themselves, Calayca's family camped out around nearby Thunder Bay for the duration of the search effort, with Elizabeth Rutledge arriving the day after her daughter was reported missing. OPP Constable Keith Jones met the family when they arrived in the area and put them in touch with Raul Escarpe, a Catholic priest and fellow Filipino Canadian who performed special masses for the family several times during the search. As media interest in the situation grew, OPP spokespeople denied that public scrutiny played any role in keeping the search active. Mike King, the Mayor of Terrace Bay; and Pat Halonen, a town councillor in Schreiber, organized a volunteer search team which scoured the area the weekend after Calayca went missing. About 100 to 200 residents from local communities, including Schreiber's former mayor Don McArthur, participated in a grid search organized by Tracy Anderson, the fire chief in Terrace Bay. According to Halonen, the volunteer force also included a "good mixture" of experienced searchers. The first search on Saturday, 11 August lasted for eight hours and covered the area between the provincial park's East Beach and Highway 17, starting at the Hewitson River and heading east towards Schreiber. Another day of searching followed on Sunday, 12 August, this time involving 50 to 80 volunteers; members of Calayca's family, who had been previously barred from participating in the investigation; and Calayca's friends, Joe Benedict and Edward Migue. Volunteers returned to the park again on Monday, 13 August to continue looking for Calayca, though in reduced numbers as many had to return to work. The OPP's underwater search unit used sonar to investigate local bodies of water, including a deep pool of water at the base of the Rainbow Falls where evidence was recovered which has never been conclusively linked to Calayca. As part of their search, marine searchers engaged in the process of sledding, whereby two divers in a sled-like watercraft were pulled across the water by an OPP boat, allowing them to look directly down into clear sections of Whitesand Lake. Amid frustration with the lack of results, Calayca's father, Mario Calayca, first addressed the media on 13 August and announced he would bring seven other relatives to the search area to support the investigation, though he and four relatives left the area to return to Toronto after surveilling the area from a police helicopter on 16 August. Calayca's family gradually became less confident that she would be found, though even on 17 August, eleven days into the search, OPP Regional Commander Mike Armstrong continued to reassure them and the media that her chances of survival were high as favourable conditions in the park made dehydration and hypothermia unlikely. On Wednesday, 22 August, Calayca's uncle Ken West told journalists: They’ve used K-9 units. They’ve used planes. They’ve used submarines. They’ve used all sorts of different ways in order to find Christina. And nothing, absolutely nothing works. There’s no clue at all. Police initiated a final concentrated grid search to find Calayca on Tuesday, 21 August, now telling media they believed Calayca was an "non-responsive person" and would not be able to reply if she heard searchers calling her name. By this point most other police resources, including aircraft and canine units, had been called off the search, leaving only 20 to 25 officers to perform the grid search and divers to continue investigating nearby bodies of water. On the advice of OPP Sgt. Don Webster, the Provincial Search & Rescue Coordinator, the search for Calayca was called off on Thursday, 23 August. The day after the search for Calayca was called off, Rutledge told journalists that she would continue to search for her daughter herself. At the time, the family believed Calayca had been abducted and was no longer in Rainbow Falls Provincial Park. After the initial police search was called off, the investigation into Christina Calayca's disappearance stalled. Later attempts by investigators to canvass the area failed to turn up any evidence which could explain her disappearance. Investigators questioned Joe Benedict, Faith Castulo, and Edward Migue three times after the initial search, but these interrogations did not produce any new information. None of Calayca's friends who accompanied her to Rainbow Falls Provincial Park have ever been considered suspects in her disappearance. In the months after she went missing, police told Calayca's family that they were following up on 60 leads related to her case, including interviews with other campers who left the park the weekend of the disappearance. Public response Calayca's family held a vigil which was attended by over 600 people at the Prince of Peace Catholic Church in Scarborough on 15 August, and another at the Rainbow Falls on 8 September. Her employer, St. Bernadette’s Day Care, also hosted a vigil for her on 15 August. A mass in her honour was held at Darcy McGee Catholic School to commemorate the one-year anniversary of her disappearance on 6 August 2008. Calayca's mother set up a website and Facebook group led by her aunt, Karen Caguicla, to raise awareness about the case in January 2008. The family also participated in a number of unofficial searches, the first of which occurred on 7 September 2007. In March 2009, A Day Goes By: A Tribute to Christina was released as a collaboration between musical artists in Toronto's Filipino community, with proceeds of the 12-track album going towards funding another search of Rainbow Falls. Private searches Calayca's mother, Elizabeth Rutledge, financed multiple private searches of the area around Rainbow Falls Provincial Park by fundraising through the Find Christina Calayca Group and withdrawing money from her daughter's trust fund. The first fundraiser organized by the family occurred on 10 December 2007 and solicited donations through the sale of a CD entitled Missing You. On 28 May 2008, with a new search planned for the next month, the family organized a silent auction to raise additional funds. Another fundraiser occurred on 10 August 2008. The first privately-funded search, a collaborative effort with the OPP, cost Rutledge $44,000 of the $48,000 the family had fundraised to that point and involved 22 volunteer searchers working over five days. OPP Sgt. Eric Luoto again led the police search effort, hoping to take advantage of areas which were too thick with vegetation to properly search in summer 2007 but had been thinned out over the winter. A team of five rescue workers trained in rappelling was also deployed to look for evidence around the area's cliffs; they had originally been scheduled to search the area on 19 November 2007 but were unable to work in poor weather conditions. After police concluded their search, the family and volunteer force were allowed to conduct their own search led by Halifax-based canine handler Doug Teeft, who provided his team of cadaver dogs for the expedition. The Ottawa-based canine group Ottawa Valley Search and Rescue Dog Association (OVSARDA) and eight US-based search dog teams also participated in the search. This phase of the search was organized with help from the Minnesota-based John Francis Foundation and began on 13 June 2008. The volunteer force called police to report strange behaviour from the search dogs in a particular area, and while this behaviour did not suggest human remains had been found it was only observed in the vicinity of a large hole. Forensic technicians with the OPP investigated the hole and the area around in on Wednesday, 18 June but found no evidence to explain the dogs' behaviour or to link the site to Calayca's disappearance. On 30 October 2008, the Bring Christina Home Fundraising Gala was put on in Richmond Hill to raise awareness for Calayca's case. The event was hosted by news anchor Francis D'Souza and featured professional boxer George Chuvalo and missing person advocate David Francis as speakers. The event also featured singer Stephanie Martin and Canadian Idol contestant Andrew Austin as its musical acts. To promote the event, the Find Christina Calayca Group was interviewed by journalist Charles "Spider" Jones for his CFRB 1010 radio show on 5 October. A second privately-funded search took place in November 2008 and involved a team of six cadaver dogs which were brought to investigate the area where Calayca was last spotted. According to search manager Jeff Hasse, all six dogs detected the scent of human remains at the bottom of the Hewitson River, but the flow and depth of the river made any further investigation into this lead difficult. By March 2009, much of the family and community support for Rutledge's search efforts had faded. Sales of the A Day Goes By: A Tribute to Christina CD only generated $610 of the $20,000 figure that a third expedition was estimated to cost. In a March 2009 interview with reporters from the Toronto Star, Rutledge admitted that she was prepared to give up the search after twenty months without results, partly owing to an incident in November 2008 where she and several family members nearly collided with a moose on Highway 17 while searching for her daughter. A third and final search funded by the family began on 19 September 2009 in what searchers called "perfect conditions". The search was again led by Jeff Hasse and intended to focus on the area along the Hewitson River where search dogs had detected the possible presence of remains in November 2008. In addition to family members, 21 volunteers with the Search, Rescue, and Recovery Resources of Minnesota (SRRRMN) participated in the search. Searchers were split into eight units and sent to investigate places of interest, including some areas surveyed the day before the main search began. Although searchers claimed to have found more possible evidence, an OPP search on 14 October 2009 was unable to find any new leads. By this time Rutledge sold her house and moved into a two-bedroom apartment with her son to finance the investigation, but when her third privately-funded search failed to turn up any new evidence she told journalists she was faced with the choice of using what money she had to left to either continue funding the investigation or pay for her son's university education. No privately-funded searches have taken place since 2009. Later years Human remains discovered in the Thunder Bay area in October 2010 were investigated as possibly belonging to Calayca, but were later determined to be unrelated. In a 2021 interview, retired OPP officer Sgt. Don Webster told the Elliot Lake Today online publication that over the course of the investigation he had assembled a large binder detailing all the available information about Calayca's case, and had met with the family to discuss the investigation. Webster revealed that some information about the case has not been made public as it is part of an active investigation. Current status Christina Calayca's disappearance is still under investigation by the Nipigon division of the Ontario Provincial Police, and as of 2022 is still being treated as a missing person case. The government of Ontario has issued a $50,000 reward for information leading to her whereabouts. Theories Christina Calayca's current whereabouts remains unknown, as do the circumstances surrounding her disappearance on 6 August 2007. At the time Calayca was reported missing the official stance of the Ontario Provincial Police was that they suspected she had been attacked by a bear. A consultant from the Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry was brought in to help investigate this theory, but Stephen Herrero of the University of Calgary later cast doubt on this theory. Herrero, who authored an authoritative book on bear attacks, suggested that it was "not impossible, but highly unlikely" that a bear had attacked Calayca as no ripped clothing, blood, or drag marks were found during the initial search, and a bear would not have travelled any further than 600 ft with a kill. It is not believed that the area's wild wolves would have attacked Calayca as wolf attacks are extremely rare. One explanation suggests that Calayca was the victim of misadventure. OPP investigators have alleged that Calayca's lack of experience hiking in the wilderness likely led to her becoming lost and disoriented in the dense undergrowth of the forest. However, Calayca's mother has questioned why her daughter would have wandered off the forest's well-marked trails given her inexperience, and how she could have managed to remain undetected for the two and a half weeks that police spent searching the area for her. Investigators also allege that they found no signs of the kind of disturbance usually found after a person creates a path through dense vegetation. Prior to Calayca, only one other person had gone missing while hiking the park's trails and had been located within nine hours. While investigating Calayca's disappearance, OPP Sgt. Eric Luoto claimed search and rescue teams in Northwestern Ontario are called in to locate 30 to 40 lost people each year, and in more than 95% of cases are able to find the person within 24 hours. A number of outliers had occurred in recent years, however: on 16 May 2006, over a year before Calayca disappeared, Hamilton-based tree planter Aju Iroaga went missing in an area about 70 km north of White River, Ontario; his case also remains unsolved, but like Calayca early speculation suggested he may have been attacked by an animal. Before this, the 4 July 2005 disappearance of Jeffrey Turtle on the Pikangikum First Nation had also triggered a 17-day search by the OPP which failed to locate Turtle or determine why he had disappeared. Calayca's family has suggested it is unlikely that she intentionally disappeared in order to sever ties with her community and family. Calayca was reported to have a strong relationship with her family, and had been responsible for organizing her mother's 50th birthday party on 28 July 2007, just nine days before her disappearance. It has been noted on the podcast The True Crime Files that such a plot would have involved at least one other person who would have to not come forward in the years since the disappearance in order for the case to remain unsolved. Rumours that allege Calayca was due to enter into an arranged marriage and was unhappy as a result of this and limited career options are not backed by any testimony offered by investigators, the family, or others close to her in life. Foul play Foul play has been suggested as a possible cause of Calayca's disappearance. As recently as 2018, Rutledge and others in Calayca's family have stated that they believe she was abducted or murdered, noting that the Trans-Canada Highway would give an attacker easy access to the area and her trusting nature may have left her vulnerable to an opportunistic killer. Karen Caguicla, Calayca's aunt and the head of the Find Christina Calayca Group, defended the family's stance that her niece had been the victim of violence by telling journalists "Christina is just too smart to get lost". Traffic through the area was higher than usual but standard for a long weekend, owing to campers celebrating the Civic Holiday and travelling to attend local events, including the annual Dragfest which generally attracts a crowd of 10,000 attendees. In spite of suggestions that they had something to do with her going missing, the three friends that accompanied Calayca to Rainbow Falls are not considered suspects according to investigators or Calayca's family. Edward Migue, the last confirmed person to have seen Calayca, has since expressed regret for allowing her to walk alone on the morning she disappeared. Most visitors to Rainbow Falls Provincial Park come from communities near the park, and travellers coming from as far away as Toronto are rare. Don McArthur, a former Mayor of Schreiber, has stated he does not believe a resident of the local communities would have assaulted Calayca. According to McArthur, the only murder he knew to have occurred in Schreiber happened in 2005 and was likely related to the illegal drug trade. On the CBC true crime podcast The Next Call, host David Ridgen speculated that Denis Léveillé, a suspect in the unsolved 1996 disappearance of Melanie Ethier with a history of sexually abusing teenage girls, may have been responsible for other missing person cases in Ontario. Ridgen included Calayca in a list of girls and young women who disappeared in Ontario at the time Léveillé was active. A theory proposed by the hosts of the podcast Cold Case Detective suggests Calayca may have been washing her feet at the cascades and was attacked by a stranger, alleging that the socks found near the Hewitson River only appeared to be too large because they had been saturated with water and that the footprint found near the site may have belonged to her attacker, though no signs of a struggle were found at the scene. The program also suggested Calayca was the victim of a crime of opportunity as her ethnicity could have led a stranger to believe she was an Indigenous woman, leading a passerby to target her as has happened along remote sections of road elsewhere in Canada like the Highway of Tears; or that police may have invited her into a vehicle and then left her in a remote location similar to the treatment faced by Indigenous people victimized by "starlight tours" in Saskatoon. The OPP do not suspect Calayca was the victim of foul play. Incomplete search areas Jeff Hasse, a volunteer with the Search, Rescue, and Recovery Resources of Minnesota nonprofit organization, stated in a March 2009 interview that he believed volunteers located Calayca's remains during a November 2008 search of Rainbow Falls Provincial Park. During this privately-funded search, six cadaver dogs indicated the presence of human remains at a location in the Hewitson River but further investigation was made impossible by the speed and depth of the water. In justifying the OPP's involvement in the June 2008 survey of Rainbow Falls National Park, OPP Sgt. Eric Luoto stated that in spite of the aerial surveillance done during the initial search there were a number of large crevices in the area which could only be surveyed on the ground and should only be entered by trained professionals. Volunteer firefighter and search team member Matt Borutski has defended the misadventure hypothesis, noting that some sections of the forest are so dense that if a person were to become immobilized the mass of surrounding vegetation would be enough to keep their body upright, obscuring them from view. This notion was reinforced by OPP Constable Greg Beazley, who also participated in the search and told journalists at the time the vegetation was "so thick that if you trip, you don't fall down". Borutski also questioned the effectiveness of aircraft in the search, noting that at times a police helicopter would be directly above him but tree cover prevented the helicopter from seeing any of the searchers on the ground and vice versa. Pat Halonen, who helped to organize the first volunteer search for Calayca, later told journalists that the amount of leaves in the canopies had blocked air searchers' line of sight with the ground, and that the significant amount of leaves on the forest floor even created challenges for volunteers searching the area on foot. Don Webster, a former police sergeant and the OPP Provincial Search & Rescue Coordinator for nine years, stated in a 2021 interview that the lack of evidence turned up by the initial search for Calayca suggests she may have defied expectations and covered more ground than search teams believed a hiker could cover, explaining why their search efforts were unable to locate her remains. He also proposed that the absence of clues could indicate that she was abducted, as this would also not produce the kind of evidence typically left by a lost hiker. See also List of people who disappeared References 1986 births 2000s missing person cases 2007 in Ontario Canadian people of Filipino descent Missing person cases in Canada People from Old Toronto Unsolved crimes in Canada Living people

69856230

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20in%20Kerala

2018 in Kerala

Events in the year 2018 in Kerala Incumbents Governors of Kerala - P. Sathasivam Chief ministers of Kerala - Pinarayi Vijayan Events January - March January 12 - First edition of Loka Kerala Sabha held at Thiruvananthapuram. January 31 - Sreejith a youth from Parassala ends his 782 days long solitary protest in front of Kerala Government Secretariat following Central Bureau of Investigation probe in his brother Sreejev's custodial death in 2014. February 22 - Madhu, a 30 year old Adivasi man from Attappadi died following mob lynching at Palakkad district. March 8 - Supreme Court of India set asides Kerala High Court verdict in Hadiya case. April - June April 1 - Kerala football team defeats West Bengal in Santosh Trophy Final held at Salt Lake Stadium through Penalty shootout. May 2 - Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala at Perambra. May 27 - Kevin, a 23 year old Dalit Christian from Kottayam district was abducted and murdered in an act of Honor killing for marrying a girl named Neenu Chacko from an affluent Christian family. May 29 - Kerala Bharatiya Janata Party leader Kummanam Rajasekharan becomes Governor of Mizoram. June 27 - Several key members of Women in Cinema Collective resigned from Association of Malayalam Movie Artists following their decision to bring back rape accused Dileep back to the association. July - September July 2 - A student of Maharaja's College, Ernakulam and Students' Federation of India activist Abhimanyu stabbed to death by Campus Front of India activists inside college campus. August 16 - 2018 Kerala floods the largest flood after Great flood of 99 occurred. September 8 - A group of Nun protests at Kochi against attempt by Kerala Police and Catholic Church to protect rape accused bishop Franco Mulakkal. September 28 - Sabarimala verdict by Supreme Court of India allows entry of women to the temple. October - December November 5 - Sanalkumar, a 32 year old electrician from Neyyattinkara was killed after being pushed by Deputy superintendent of police Neyyattinkara in front of a moving vehicle following an altercation. November 8 - Protests in Kayamkulam by Jacobite Church members following denial of burial of a 95 year old man at a church controlled by Malankara Orthodox faction. November 13 - Deputy superintendent of police Neyyattinkara, Harikumar the key accused in Sanalkumar murder case committed suicide in his house at Kallambalam. November 15 - Kerala State Road Transport Corporation launched 10 Electric buses and becomes the first South Indian state to roll out Electric vehicles for Road Transport Corporations. Deaths May 2 - Kottayam Pushpanath, 80, writer. July 8 - M. M. Jacob, 91, Former governor of Meghalaya. October 2 - Balabhaskar, 30, violinist. See also History of Kerala 2018 in India 2018 Kerala floods References 2010s in Kerala

69856694

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulare%20Police%20Department%20%28California%29

Tulare Police Department (California)

The Tulare Police Department is the police department serving Tulare, California. , the Chief of Police was Wes Hensley. Overview Divisions/Units Patrol Division Investigation Division Administrative Division Animal Services Fallen officers Since the establishment of the Tulare Police Department, three human police officers and one police dog have died in the line of duty. Officers: K9: See also Law enforcement in California List of law enforcement agencies in California References External links Tulare Police Department Municipal police departments of California Organizations based in Tulare, California

69856872

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonia%20Luzmila%20Rivas%20L%C3%B3pez

Antonia Luzmila Rivas López

Antonia Luzmila Rivas López (13 June 1920 – 27 September 1990) – in religious María Agustina and known also as Aguchita – was a Peruvian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Sisters of the Good Shepherd. Rivas studied in Lima before she became a nun and she made her profession in the late 1940s before she served as an educator for children. But she also had an active role in the care and education for indigenous populations and peasant women while she oversaw a number of different health and catechetical programs. Rivas worked at a time when the communist-oriented Shining Path movement was on the rise and threatened local religious communities. The nun was slain in 1990 when a teenage girl from the Shining Path shot her dead with a rifle when she tried to intercede for the villagers that she was with at the time; her death rattled her order who pondered whether or not to leave the area in light of her murder. The process for her beatification was initiated in Peru in 2017 and she became titled as a Servant of God at the outset. Pope Francis determined in 2021 that Rivas had been slain "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) hence permitted for her to be beatified; the beatification shall take place in San Ramón on 7 May 2022. Life Antonia Luzmila Rivas López was born on 13 June 1920 in Coracora in the Parinacochas Province as the first of eleven children born to Damaso Rivas and Modesta López de Rivera. Her devout parents educated her and her siblings in their faith and from her childhood she developed a strong passion for nature with its abundance of plants and local farm animals. In her childhood she also helped her mother with her duties inside the house; her mother did her best to take her to Mass each morning despite the distance involved. Rivas and her siblings all attended catechetical instruction in their local parish while her brother César entered the priesthood and was ordained as a Redemptorist. In 1934, she relocated to Lima where she studied at the Sevilla College under the direction of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd. It was there in 1938 (when she visited her brother for his ordination) that she first felt attracted to the consecrated life and in 1941 entered that same religious congregation. Rivas made her initial religious profession on 8 February 1945 before she made her perpetual profession on 8 February 1949. The newest nun took the religious name of "María Agustina" but the nuns nicknamed her as "Aguchita" which became her well-known name throughout her life. Her father had died while she was still in the novitiate and her mother died while she lived in Barrios Altos (from 1963 until 1967) in Lima. Rivas lived in Lima until 1988 and carried out various services such as that of a cook, cleaner for the convent, a nurse, and as an educator at the Nuestra Señora de la Caridad del Buen Pastor school. But she also tended to minors that were abandoned or who were from poorer families in addition to her duties as a collaborator to the novice mistress. It was around this time that she first recorded a dream that she had working in the jungle with peasants but was at first unsure of the meaning behind it. It was not until 1987 that her dream became true after she was sent to her next assignment where her order had been working for just over the last decade since 1976. But the Maoist communist-oriented Shining Path started its terrorist activism in 1988 and she was sent to La Florida in the Junín area where her order ran a mission with the commitment to support peasant women and the local indigenous population. The area was amongst the most violent of Peruvian districts and contained the poorest of the poor which was often home to bloodshed and violent skirmishes between the Peruvian armed forces and the guerilla Shining Path. The order was attentive to the risks involved due to the Shining Path and confirmed its presence there with a slew of programs on health and education that also prioritized on catechesis and nutrition. Rivas dedicated herself to these initiatives and saw the assignment as a further chance to connect with the poor. In addition, she also organized soup kitchens and clubs for mothers where she would teach them various skills to earn a living for themselves. Rivas also worked from 1970 until 1975 as a nurse for the poor. But the increased violence in the surrounding areas saw her order reflect on whether or not it would be wise for them to continue to serve local communities there due to the anti-religious sentiment that the terrorists demonstrated. But the order decided to continue with their work and accept the risks involved and often said "leave the town or give your life for it". Rivas was well aware of the risks to her person during this time but decided to remain close with the local population and the Asháninka tribe (a tribe that had almost been wiped out at the beginning of the twentieth century due to disease as a result of rubber exports destroying the ecosystem) and later wrote: "I was never a respecter of persons, I loved everyone. To love the poor is to love life. It is to love the God of life". But the Shining Path broke into La Florida on 27 September 1990 and ordered all its inhabitants to gather in the main square with their original intention being to capture or execute the village chief. The terrorists searched for the chief but took Rivas instead and killed her in front of them. The terrorists accused her for false charitable and educational programs that sought to divert the teenage population from the armed insurrection. But the terrorists left the corpses of the six slain alongside her in the square all night and in fear fled the area before the bodies were discovered the next morning and buried. Rivas was killed after a teenager, only aged seventeen, shot her with a rifle and fired seven shots into her. The police recovered her remains and were able to confirm the manner of her death for her order. Father Alfonso Tapia later said in 2021 that "she interceded for them and then when they were about to kill her, she had her hands together, she wanted to kneel. Her hands and legs were shaking ... she fell to the ground and they shot her five times. When we performed the autopsy to exhume the body, I was truly shocked. Nearly thirty years later, the forensic expert removed the five bullets from her body". In the aftermath of her death, the congregation began to ponder if the rest of them were willing to follow in her footsteps, having been shocked and frightened at her murder. Beatification The beatification process opened once the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" edict that declared that there were no objections to the cause's initiation. The diocesan process to investigate her life and holiness opened in the San Ramón vicariate on 4 October 2017 and concluded a fortnight later on 18 October. The C.C.S. in Rome validated this process as having complied with their regulations before it commenced the process to assess the "Positio" dossier that had been submitted to them. Nine theologians approved the cause on 19 November 2020 while the cardinals and bishops from the C.C.S. also approved it some months later. Pope Francis signed a decree on 22 May 2021 that determined that Rivas had been killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) which meant that she could be beatified without a miracle required. The beatification was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic but has been scheduled to take place on 7 May 2022. The current postulator for this cause is Dr. Waldery Hilgeman. References External links Hagiography Circle Congregation for the Causes of Saints Causa Aguchita Sisters of the Good Shepherd Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd 1920 births 1990 deaths 20th-century Peruvian people 20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs 20th-century venerated Christians 20th-century women Beatifications by Pope Francis Deaths by firearm in Peru People from Ayacucho Region People murdered in Peru Peruvian beatified people Peruvian educators Peruvian Roman Catholic missionaries Peruvian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns Peruvian terrorism victims Venerated Catholics Women nurses

69856922

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildegard%20Jadamowitz

Hildegard Jadamowitz

Hildegard Jadamowitz (February 12, 1916, Berlin – August 18, 1942, Plötzensee Prison), was a German communist activist and a member of the German resistance against National Socialism. She joined the League of Young Communist League of Germany at the age of 15. After she was arrested and released by the police, she joined a resistance movement led by Herbert Baum, and there met her future companion, Werner Steinbrinck. With his help, she wrote flyers and tried to establish links with other resistance organizations, in order to create an "anti-fascist front". In May 1942, she took part in an arson attack on the anticommunist and anti-Semitic propaganda The Soviet Paradise, organized in the Lustgarten by the NSDAP. The attack caused minor damage, but a large number of members of the group were arrested. Jadamowitz was arrested, sentenced to death on July 16, 1942, by the Volksgerichtshof and executed on August 18. References 1916 births 1942 deaths German communists Communists in the German Resistance Prisoners who died in German detention German anti-fascists

69857114

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Regiments%20of%20the%20Army%20of%20the%20Kingdom%20of%20Naples%20%28Napoleonic%29

List of Regiments of the Army of the Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)

The Army of the Kingdom of Naples was, by the time's standards, a relatively sizeable force. At its height in 1815, it numbered close to 95,000 men. This large formation was modelled heavily on the French Grande Armée, and although the success of its service in the Peninsular War is questionable, the Neapolitan Army is still remembered as one of the better-organised examples of armies from Napoleon's client states. Below is a mostly complete (with a few obscure exceptions) list of various units serving in the Murattian Neapolitan Army in the Napoleonic Wars. The units are listed by their respective army branches, i.e. Guard infantry and engineers. It must be noted that all of the regiments and units pertaining to the Guard had the phrase "della Guardia Reale" (Italian: 'of the Royal Guard') after their official name, to indicate their status as part of the Royal Household Guard. Royal Guard Guard Infantry In 1815, the Guard Infantry Division totalled 57 companies organised into 4 regiments (9 battalions) and totalled 8,135 men. Supporting Arms Cavalry of the Line During the 1813 reorganisation of the Neapolitan Army, the light cavalry were converted to line cavalry. Light Cavalry Infantry of the Line Line Infantry Light Infantry Reserve Units In 1815, the Army of the Reserve numbered 91 companies split into various gendarmerie and police legions and units. Provincial Infantry Royal Gendarmerie Provincial Legions Provisional Units Supporting Arms Artillery Artillery Train & Supply Engineers & Miners Internal Security Guard References V. Ilari, P. Crociani, G. Boeri, Storia Militare del Regno Murattiano 1806-15, Widerholdt Frères, Invorio, 2007, vol. I (Comando e Amministrazione), II (Armi e Corpi dell'Esercito), III (Gendarmeria, Legioni Provinciali, Marina, Indice biografico). Virgilio Ilari, Piero Crociani e Ciro Paoletti, Storia militare dell'Italia giacobina (1796-1801), Roma, USSME, 2000, II ("La guerra Peninsulare": «Il nuovo esercito napoletano, 1799-1802», pp. 1131–1153; «I francesi sulle coste italiane, 1800-02», pp. 1155–1173). Smith, Digby (1998). The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book. London Mechanicsburg, PA: Greenhill Books Stackpole Books. . OCLC 37616149. Smith, Digby (2006). An illustrated encyclopedia of uniforms of the Napoleonic wars : an expert, in-depth reference to the officers and soldiers of the revolutionary and Napoleonic period, 1792-1815. London Lanham, Md: Lorenz North American agent/distributor, National Book Network. . OCLC 60320422. Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic) Armies of Napoleonic Wars

69857533

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian%20Gribovsky

Adrian Gribovsky

Adrian Moiseevich Gribovsky (August 26, 1767, Lubny – January 28, 1834) was a confidant of Platon Zubov, Cabinet Secretary of Catherine II in the last year of her reign, known mainly as the author of notes about this time. By rank – lieutenant colonel, court adviser. The owner of the Shchurovo Estate on the Oka. Early years Born in Lubny on August 26, 1767. The son of a Cossack Yesaul, on his mother's side came from an old Little Russian noble family Sulim. Having become a widow, she took the vows at the Belogorsky Monastery, where she was abbess. In 1772, Gribovsky, together with his parents, came to Moscow, where from 1778 to 1782 he studied at the University Gymnasium "at his own expense". In 1782, he moved to Moscow University, but the next year he left his studies "to determine the state affairs". In 1784, with the rank of provincial secretary, he was appointed to the Commission of the New Code. Then Gribovsky took up translations, his literary works were known to Gavriil Derzhavin, and in December 1784 the poet took the young writer to serve in Petrozavodsk, as Secretary of the Olonets Order of Public Charity, where he was then governor. On January 10, 1785, the Senate confirmed him in this position. From July 19 to September 13, 1785, with Derzhavin, he traveled around the Olonets Governorate, visiting the Kivach Waterfall, Kem, Kargopol and other villages of the region; together with another secretary, Nikolai Emin, kept a "day note". The clever Gribovsky soon earned the full confidence of his boss, which he cruelly deceived, acting as treasurer of the Order of Public Charity, losing state money in cards. Derzhavin hushed up the matter by compensating for the waste, but Gribovsky's reputation was seriously damaged. Gribovsky resigned from the service, having, however, received the rank of collegiate secretary. Service to Potemkin and Zubov In June 1786, Gribovsky arrived in Saint Petersburg and settled in the house of Osip Kozodavlev. Gribovsky's attempts to get a job in the Commerce Collegium (through Alexander Vorontsov), and then in the Tambov Governorship as a director and teacher of public schools or secretary of the governorship (through Derzhavin) were unsuccessful. Only at the end of 1786, Gribovsky entered the Potemkin's Military Camping Office during the Turkish War under the command of Vasily Popov. During the Russian–Turkish War of 1787–1791, Gribovsky was at the field office. In the winter of 1789, Gribovsky accompanied Potemkin to Saint Petersburg. As a person who owned a literary pen, he was entrusted with compiling journals of military operations, according to which Potemkin's reports were compiled to Catherine, and at the Iasi Congress – the duties of a conference secretary. Gribovsky's letter to Derzhavin about Potemkin's death (October 5, 1791) was apparently one of the first news of this event that reached Saint Petersburg. The unexpected death of Potemkin and closeness to him not only did not ruin Gribovsky, but helped him get into the service of the former rival and enemy of the Tauride Prince – Platon Zubov with a letter of recommendation from Alexander Bezborodko, whose favor the seeking Gribovsky quickly managed to earn. On January 14, 1792, Gribovsky arrived in Saint Petersburg and four days later, renamed from court advisers to lieutenant colonels of the Izyum Light Horse Regiment, he was appointed governor of Zubov's office and soon became his right hand. In the same year, Gribovsky received land allotments on the left bank of the Tiligul estuary (12,000 acres), where the village of Tashino arose, and on the left bank of the Baraboy River at its confluence with the Black Sea (7,500 acres), it was called the village of Gribovka. Cabinet Secretary The Empress recognized and appreciated Gribovsky's abilities and zeal, and on August 11, 1795, she made him her Secretary of State for accepting petitions. In addition, Gribovsky, on the instructions of the empress, studied civil laws and church charters to draw up a new charter for the Senate, and also worked on comments on the General Regulations of Peter I. Gribovsky took part in solving a number of political issues (organization of provinces in the former Little Russian regions; staffing of reserve battalions and squadrons; placement of settlers in the southern provinces, etc.). He, in particular, owns the text of the decree on the founding of Odessa. It is possible that the well–known phrase of Catherine II, said to Ivan Shuvalov, refers to Gribovsky: "Since people got into business from the university, I began to understand the incoming papers". Gribovsky often abused his position. The large funds that Gribovsky now had allowed him to live widely, and in Saint Petersburg they were surprised at his luxury and extravagance. Cheerful and sociable, Gribovsky loved music, had his own orchestra and played the Stradivarius violin himself. Fall and bankruptcy With the death of Catherine II and the accession of Paul I, the misadventures of Gribovsky began: on January 14, 1797, dismissed from all posts, he was expelled from St. Petersburg, and in May he was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, due to complaints about paintings missing from the Tauride Palace and illegal resettlement of state peasants. Having paid the penalties, Gribovsky was released at the beginning of 1799, but the next he was sent to Shlisselburg, accused of selling state lands in Novorossia. On February 14, 1801, he was released from prison due to the efforts of his wife, but until the death of Paul I he was under police supervision. After his release, he settled in his estate in the Podolsk Province, Vishnevchik, from where he soon moved to live in Moscow. Here, with his former luxurious life, Gribovsky upset his condition and in 1814, settled in the village of Shchurov, which had survived from him, on the Oka River, opposite of Kolomna. An attempt to improve matters by farming ended in failure, and in 1817, Gribovsky declared himself insolvent. Almost until the end of his life, he busied himself with government jobs in order to justify himself from the accusation of malicious bankruptcy; the process ended in his favor, but consumed the remainder of his fortune. He died on January 28, 1834, and was buried in the Kolomna Golutvin Monastery. He did not leave a good memory among his contemporaries: being only 19 years old, he squandered money; saved by Derzhavin, he repaid him with ingratitude; indebted to Zubov for everything, under Paul he made an attempt to harm him for selfish reasons. In the last years of his life (1830–1834), Gribovsky worked on "Notes", covering the period from 1783 to 1802 and conveying many features of court life and characteristics of the most important figures in the reign of Catherine II. Family He was married to Natalia Chistyakova (d. 1834), daughter of Second Major Akim Chistyakov. She was distinguished by her beauty, was a good housewife and a loving wife. Gribovsky's notes more than once mention how she took care of him during his imprisonment in the Peter and Paul and Shlisselburg fortresses, from where he was released through her efforts. She lived almost constantly on the estate of Vishnevchik in the Podolsk Province and in Shchurov, where she herself ran an extensive household, in the end completely upset by various debts. She died on January 27, 1834, on the eve of her husband's death. She was buried in the Golutvin Monastery in Kolomna. Children: Elena (1794 – after 1858), married to Lieutenant Colonel Vasily Guberti (1784–1843), later a mayor in Kolomna. Their son was the famous Moscow bibliographer and collector Nikolai Guberti; Nikolai (1795 – after 1863), a graduate of the school of column guides, served in a dragoon regiment, and then in the city of Poti in the customs department. Awards Order of Saint Vladimir, 3rd Degree (September 22, 1795) Bibliography Notes on Empress Catherine the Great by Colonel Adrian Gribovsky, Secretary of State, Who was With Her Person (Moscow, 1847); A Collection of Various Reports Received from the Commanders–in–Chief of the Armies and Fleets to the Court: from the Originals Sent to the Imperial Academy of Sciences for Publication in Vedomosti / Compiled by Adrian Gribovsky. Saint Petersburg: at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1791–1796; Memoirs and Diaries of Adrian Gribovsky, Secretary of State of Empress Catherine the Great, With an Original Manuscript, a Portrait and a Photograph of Handwriting. Moscow, University Printing House, 1899; Tobias George Smollett. Cheerful Book, or Human Pranks / from English [translated by Adrian Gribovsky] References Sources Russian Portraits of the 18th and 19th Centuries. Edition of the Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich 1767 births 1834 deaths Memoirists of the Russian Empire Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class