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chujiezheng

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[ "Honda", "Oh are they? I think my roommate has a honda civic.", "From my understanding toyotas and hondas were some of the most reliable cars on the road. Is that true? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda __knowledge__ Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products.", "Honda __knowledge__ Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000.", "Honda __knowledge__ They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "Honda __knowledge__ In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda __knowledge__ Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products.", "Honda __knowledge__ Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000.", "Honda __knowledge__ They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "Honda __knowledge__ In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made by Honda Motor Company of Japan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ It features a lightened and stiffened body, specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ Red is also used in the badge interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda models.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ In Japan, there is a one-make series of Honda Type R cars where a privateer can purchase an off-road Type R and compete in a series championship, which is a stepping stone for many aspiring racing drivers.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Honda Civic was launched in the North American market in April 2011, Europe in February 2012, and Asia in early 2012.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ In May 2010, the ninth-generation Civic was said to be delayed into 2011 because of changing market conditions and tougher fuel economy and emissions regulations.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was originally planned to become bigger, but after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the global credit crisis in 2008, Honda wanted to make the car smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient, while increasing space inside.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ On December 13, 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\"", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Hybrid was a variation of the Honda Civic with a hybrid electric powertrain.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ Honda introduced the Civic Hybrid in Japan in December 2001 and discontinued it in 2015.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ In the United States, it was the first hybrid automobile to be certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero-Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB).", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid uses an Integrated Motor Assist hybrid system similar to that of the Honda Insight.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid was only marketed in sedan configurations.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Si is a sport compact trim of Civic by Honda.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ The Si (Sport Injected) trim was introduced for the third generation of Honda Civics in both Japan and North America.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ In Canada and elsewhere the trim became known as the SiR for the sixth and seventh generations, and the Si trim was equivalent to the USDM EX model.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ For the Japanese and European markets, the Civic Type R was adopted as the high-performance variant of the Civic, starting with the EK9 hatch for Japan in 1996 and then with the EP3 hatch for Europe in 2001.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ In North America the Type R name was never used until the 2017 model year with the launch of the Honda Civic Type R. Previous to this the Si label was the highest in North America(except for Acura vehicles).", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ The eighth generation of the Honda Civic was introduced in September 2005, for the 2006 model year.", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ This generation introduced the \"two-tier\" instrument panel.", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ In many countries (USA, UK, New Zealand), all models (including the base model) come standard with power windows, anti-lock brakes (ABS), and side/curtain airbags (for a total of six airbags).", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ Additionally, the 2006 models acquired ULEV-2 (Ultra Low Emission Vehicle) certification and boast a more powerful 1.8-litre engine than the 2005 counterparts while retaining almost equal fuel economy.", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ In the North American market, the sedan and coupe styles are available, which were designed in Japan and Ohio, respectively.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ Harley-Davidson, Inc. (H-D), or Harley, is an American motorcycle manufacturer, founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1903.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ One of two major American motorcycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression (along with Indian), the company has survived numerous ownership arrangements, subsidiary arrangements (e.g., Aermacchi 1974-1978 and Buell 1987-2009), periods of poor economic health and product quality, as well as intense global competition, to become one of the world's largest motorcycle manufacturers and an iconic brand widely known for its loyal following.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ There are owner clubs and events worldwide as well as a company-sponsored brand-focused museum.", "History of the motorcycle __knowledge__ The history of the motorcycle begins in the second half of the 19th century.", "History of the motorcycle __knowledge__ Motorcycles are descended from the \"safety bicycle,\" a bicycle with front and rear wheels of the same size and a pedal crank mechanism to drive the rear wheel.", "History of the motorcycle __knowledge__ Despite some early landmarks in its development, the motorcycle lacks a rigid pedigree that can be traced back to a single idea or machine.", "History of the motorcycle __knowledge__ Instead, the idea seems to have occurred to numerous engineers and inventors around Europe at around the same time.", "History of the motorcycle __knowledge__ In the 1860s Pierre Michaux, a blacksmith in Paris, founded 'Michaux et Cie' (\"Michaux and company\"), the first company to construct bicycles with pedals called a velocipede at the time, or \"Michauline\".", "Moto Guzzi __knowledge__ Moto Guzzi is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer and the oldest European manufacturer in continuous motorcycle production.", "Moto Guzzi __knowledge__ Established in 1921 in Mandello del Lario, Italy, the company is noted for its historic role in Italy's motorcycling manufacture, its prominence worldwide in motorcycle racing, and industry innovations—including the first motorcycle centre stand, wind tunnel and eight-cylinder engine.", "Moto Guzzi __knowledge__ Since 2004, Moto Guzzi has been a \"unico azionista\", a wholly owned subsidiary, and one of seven brands owned by Piaggio & C. SpA, Europe's largest motorcycle manufacturer and the world's fourth largest motorcycle manufacturer by unit sales.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ A motorcycle often called a bike, motorbike, or cycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long distance travel, commuting, cruising, sport including racing, and off-road riding.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ Motorcycling is riding a motorcycle and related social activity such as joining a motorcycle club and attending motorcycle rallies.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first series production motorcycle, and the first to be called a motorcycle.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ In 2014, the three top motorcycle producers globally by volume were Honda, Yamaha (both from Japan), and Hero MotoCorp (India).", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ The Honda Super Cub is a Honda underbone motorcycle with a four stroke single cylinder engine ranging in displacement from .", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ In continuous manufacture since 1958 with production surpassing 60 million in 2008, 87 million in 2014, and 100 million in 2017, the Super Cub is the most produced motor vehicle in history.", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ Variants include the C100, C50, C70, C90, C100EX and C70 Passport.", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ The Super Cub's US advertising campaign, You meet the nicest people on a Honda, had a lasting impact on Honda's image and on American attitudes to motorcycling, and is often used as a marketing case study.", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ The idea for a new \"\" motorcycle was conceived in 1956, when Honda Motor's Soichiro Honda and Takeo Fujisawa toured Germany and witnessed the popularity of mopeds and lightweight motorcycles.", "American Honda Motor Company __knowledge__ The American Honda Motor Company, Inc. (sometimes abbreviated as AHM) is a North American subsidiary of the Honda Motor Company, Ltd.", "American Honda Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded in 1959.", "American Honda Motor Company __knowledge__ The company combines product sales, service and coordinating functions of Honda in North America, and is responsible for distribution, marketing and sales of Honda and Acura brand automobiles, Honda power sports products, including motorcycles, scooters and all-terrain vehicles, and Honda power equipment products, including lawnmowers, tillers, string trimmers, generators, small displacement general-purpose engines and marine outboard engines." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda __knowledge__ Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products.", "Honda __knowledge__ Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000.", "Honda __knowledge__ They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "Honda __knowledge__ In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The automotive industry in New Zealand supplies a market which has always had one of the world's highest car ownership ratios.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The distributors of new cars are essentially the former owners of the assembly businesses.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ At the dealership level they have maintained their old retail chains in spite of the establishment of the many new independent businesses built since the 1980s by specialists in used imports from Japan.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ Toyota entered into direct competition with those used-import businesses refurbishing old Toyotas from Japan and selling them through their own dealers as a special line.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The nation's car fleet is accordingly somewhat older than in most developed countries.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The 1986 FIA Formula One World Championship was the 40th season of FIA Formula One motor racing.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ It featured the 1986 Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 1986 Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers, both of which commenced on 23 March and ended on 26 October after sixteen races.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The Drivers' Championship was won by Alain Prost, and the Manufacturers' Championship was won by Williams.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ Prost was the first driver to win back-to-back Drivers' Championships since Jack Brabham in 1959 and 1960.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The 1986 championship culminated in a battle between Williams drivers Nigel Mansell and Nelson Piquet and McLaren driver Alain Prost at the final race, the Australian Grand Prix.", "24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The 24 Hours of Le Mans () is the world's oldest active sports car race in endurance racing, held annually since near the town of Le Mans, France.", "24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ It is one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world and has been called the \"Grand Prix of Endurance and Efficiency\".", "24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The event represents one leg of the Triple Crown of Motorsport; other events being the Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix.", "24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The race is organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and is held on the Circuit de la Sarthe, which contains a mix of closed public roadways and dedicated sections of racing track, in which racing teams must balance the demands of speed with the cars' ability to run for 24 hours while remaining free of crippling mechanical failure.", "March Engineering __knowledge__ March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from the United Kingdom.", "March Engineering __knowledge__ Although only moderately successful in Grand Prix competition, March racing cars enjoyed much better achievement in other categories of competition, including Formula Two, Formula Three, IndyCar and IMSA GTP sportscar racing.", "March Engineering __knowledge__ March Engineering began operations in 1969.", "March Engineering __knowledge__ Its four founders were Max Mosley, Alan Rees, Graham Coaker and Robin Herd.", "March Engineering __knowledge__ They each had a specific area of expertise: Max Mosley looked after the commercial side, Robin Herd was the designer, Alan Rees managed the racing team and Graham Coaker oversaw production at the factory in Bicester, Oxfordshire.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Three separate but related recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion.", "SEAT Ibiza __knowledge__ The SEAT Ibiza is a supermini car manufactured by the Spanish car manufacture SEAT since 1984.", "SEAT Ibiza __knowledge__ It is SEAT's best-selling car.", "SEAT Ibiza __knowledge__ The Ibiza is named after the Spanish island of Ibiza, and its use in the supermini car was the second nomenclature in naming models after Spanish cities, after the SEAT Ronda.", "SEAT Ibiza __knowledge__ It was introduced at the 1984 Paris Motor Show as the first car developed by SEAT as an independent company, though it was designed by SEAT in collaboration with well-known firms such as Italdesign, Karmann and Porsche.", "SEAT Ibiza __knowledge__ From the second generation version onwards, SEAT formed part of the German automotive industry concern Volkswagen Group, and all further Ibiza generations, as well as the rest of the SEAT model range, were built on Volkswagen Group platforms, parts and technologies.", "Mercedes-Benz CLR __knowledge__ The Mercedes-Benz CLR was a set of racing cars developed for Mercedes-Benz through a collaboration with in-house tuning division Mercedes-AMG and motorsports specialists HWA GmbH.", "Mercedes-Benz CLR __knowledge__ Designed to meet Le Mans Grand Touring Prototype (LMGTP) regulations, the CLRs were intended to compete in sports car events during 1999, most notably at the 24 Hours of Le Mans which Mercedes had last won in .", "Mercedes-Benz CLR __knowledge__ It was the third in a series of sports cars raced by Mercedes, following the CLK GTRs and CLK LMs that had debuted in 1997 and 1998 respectively.", "Mercedes-Benz CLR __knowledge__ Like its predecessors the CLR retained elements of Mercedes-Benz's production cars, including a V8 engine loosely based on a design used in some models as well as bodywork based on the CLK and CL-Classes.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Compact car __knowledge__ A compact car (North America), or small family car in British acceptation, is a classification of cars that are larger than a subcompact car but smaller than a mid-size car, roughly equivalent to the C-segment in Europe.", "Compact car __knowledge__ Current compact car size, as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for the US and for international models respectively, is approximately and long for hatchbacks, or and long for convertibles, sedans (saloon) or station wagons (estate car).", "Compact car __knowledge__ Multi-purpose vehicles and sport utility vehicles based on small family cars (often called compact MPVs and compact SUVs) have similar sizes, ranging from to in the U.S., and from to in international-based models.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Chevy II/Nova was a small automobile manufactured by Chevrolet, and produced in five generations for the 1962 through 1979, and 1985 through 1988 model years.", "Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova __knowledge__ Nova was the top model in the Chevy II lineup through 1968.", "Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova __knowledge__ The Chevy II nameplate was dropped, Nova becoming the nameplate for the 1969 through 1979 models.", "Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova __knowledge__ Built on the X-body platform, the Nova was replaced by the 1980 Chevrolet Citation introduced in the spring of 1979.", "Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova __knowledge__ The Nova nameplate returned in 1985, produced through 1988 as a NUMMI manufactured, subcompact based on the front wheel drive, Japan home-based Toyota Sprinter.", "American Motors __knowledge__ American Motors Corporation (AMC) was an American automobile company formed by the 1954 merger of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company.", "American Motors __knowledge__ At the time, it was the largest corporate merger in U.S. history.", "American Motors __knowledge__ AMC went on to compete with the US Big Three, Ford, GM and Chrysler – with its small cars including the Rambler American, Hornet, Gremlin and Pacer; muscle cars including the Marlin, AMX and Javelin, and early 4-wheel-drive variants of the Eagle, America's first true crossover.", "American Motors __knowledge__ The company was known as \"a small company deft enough to exploit special market segments left untended by the giants,\" and was widely known for the design work of chief stylist, Dick Teague, who \"had to make do with a much tighter budget than his counterparts at Detroit's Big Three\" but \"had a knack for making the most of his employer's investment.\"", "AMC Concord __knowledge__ The AMC Concord is a compact car produced by the American Motors Corporation for the 1978 through 1983 model years.", "AMC Concord __knowledge__ The Concord replaced the AMC Hornet and to some extent the mid-size AMC Matador, discontinued after 1978 in a market moving to downsized automobiles.", "AMC Concord __knowledge__ Offered in four-door sedan, two-door coupe (through 1982), three-door hatchback (through 1979) and four-door station wagon forms, AMC sought to give its, by this time venerable, compact car an image of luxury, class, and value.", "AMC Concord __knowledge__ The Concord was AMC's volume seller from the time it appeared.", "AMC Concord __knowledge__ The car was available as a sports-oriented two-door hatchback AMX model without any \"Concord\" badges or identification for the 1978 model year, as well as the Concord Sundancer convertible during 1981 and 1982, an authorized conversion sold through AMC dealers." ] ]

[ 1, 18, 4 ]

[ "I work for Honda, the largest motorcycle manufacturer ", "Yea Civics are very popular since they are considered a compact car, which is great for cities.", "You're quite right, these Japanese automobile manufacturers are well known for making reliable cars." ]

[ "Honda", "Honda", "Honda" ]

[ "Dog\nHow do you feel about dogs? I'll be shocked if you say you don't like them!", "I agree. What are some of your favorite breeds? I love chocolate labs, especially when they are puppies.", "You know poodles are the second smartest breed on the planet? I would have never thought that!", "Oh they are. Some of the mixes are the cutest in the world. I love Shizus mixed with poodles too!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Dog fighting in the United States is an activity in which fights between two game dogs are staged as a form of entertainment and gambling.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Such activity has existed since the early 19th century in the United States and was gradually prohibited in all states.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ It continues as an underground activity in both rural and urban locations.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, police and animal control law enforcement task forces of primarily local and state authorities were formed in many parts of the country to combat dog fighting rings to combat serious animal welfare violations with links to organized crime and social problems.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ Animal psychopathology is the study of mental or behavioral disorders in animals.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ Historically, there has been an anthropocentric tendency to emphasize the study of animal psychopathologies as models for human mental illnesses.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ But animal psychopathologies can, from an evolutionary point of view, be more properly regarded as non-adaptive behaviors due to some sort of a cognitive disability, emotional impairment or distress.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ This article provides a non-exhaustive list of animal psychopathologies.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ Animals in the wild appear to be relatively free from eating disorders although their body composition fluctuates depending on seasonal and reproductive cycles.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Dog health __knowledge__ The health of dogs is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Infectious diseases that affect dogs are important not only from a veterinary standpoint, but also because of the risk to public health; an example of this is rabies.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Genetic disorders also affect dogs, often due to selective breeding to produce individual dog breeds.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Due to the popularity of both commercial and homemade dog foods, nutrition is also a heavily studied subject.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Some diseases and other health problems are common to both humans and dogs; others are unique to dogs and other animals.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Dogs are susceptible to various diseases; similarly to humans, they can have diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, or arthritis.", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ The Yorkshire Terrier is a small dog breed of terrier type, developed during the 19th century in Yorkshire, England, to catch rats in clothing mills.", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ Ideally its maximum size is , although some may exceed this and grow up to .", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ It is placed in the Toy Terrier section of the Terrier Group by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and in the Toy Group or Companion Group by other kennel clubs, including the American Kennel Club.", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ A popular companion dog, the Yorkshire Terrier has also been part of the development of other breeds, such as the Australian Silky Terrier.", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ It has a grey, black, and tan coat, and the breed's nickname is Yorkie.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Shar Pei __knowledge__ The Shar-Pei, is a breed of dog known for its features of deep wrinkles and a blue-black tongue.", "Shar Pei __knowledge__ The breed originates from Canton, China.", "Shar Pei __knowledge__ The English name (沙皮, pinyin: \"shā pí\"; probably derived from British spelling of the Cantonese equivalent, \"sā pèih\") translates to \"sand skin\" and refers to the texture of its short, rough coat.", "Shar Pei __knowledge__ As puppies, Shar Pei have numerous wrinkles, but as they mature, these loosen and spread out as they \"grow into their skin\".", "Shar Pei __knowledge__ Shar Pei were named in 1978 as one of the world's rarest dog breeds by \"TIME\" magazine and the \"Guinness World Records\".", "Shar Pei __knowledge__ Although the Shar Pei has been identified as a basal breed that predates the emergence of the modern breeds in the 19th century, the American Kennel Club recognized it as their 134th breed only in 1992.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The Rhodesian ridgeback is a dog breed developed in South Africa.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ Its European forebears can be traced to the early pioneers of the Cape Colony of southern Africa, who crossed their dogs with the semi-domesticated, ridged hunting dogs of the Khoikhoi.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The Rhodesian Ridgeback has also previously been known as Van Rooyen's lion dog or the African lion hound or African lion dog\"simba inja\" in Ndebele, \"shumba imbwa\" in Shonabecause of its ability to keep a lion at bay while awaiting its master's arrival to make the kill.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The original breed standard was drafted by F. R. Barnes, in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), in 1922.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Crossbreed dogs or designer dogs are dogs which have been intentionally bred from two or more recognized dog breeds and not from dogs with no purebred ancestors, but have not been artificially bred to each other enough to breed true and be recognized as a breed in their own right.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Several unofficially recognized crossbreed types date from the 14th century or earlier, such as the lurcher or the longdog.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ The \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the term \"designer dog\" to the late 20th century, when breeders began to cross purebred poodles with other purebred breeds in order to obtain a dog with the poodles' hypoallergenic coat, along with various desirable characteristics from other breeds.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The Poodles are a glam metal/heavy metal band from Sweden.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ They are best known for their hits \"Metal Will Stand Tall\" and \"Night of Passion\", the latter of which was played in the Swedish Melodifestivalen in 2006.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The band was formed by singer Jakob Samuel (a.k.a.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ Jake Samuels) who in the early 1990s was Talisman's drummer, bassist Pontus Egberg (ex Lion's Share), guitarist Pontus Norgren (also Talisman, Humanimal) and drummer Christian Lundqvist.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The Poodles played in the Swedish Melodifestivalen contest in 2008, this time with E-Type.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ In addition, they played at the Sweden Rock Festival in 2006 and 2008.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles were a British pre-new wave band formed in 1975.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ Known for quirky stage antics, such as exploding ukuleles, as well as songs with funny lyrics.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles toured with Meat Loaf, Sha Na Na, Tom Petty, Bill Bruford and Chuck Berry (as backing band).", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ They appeared on the Old Grey Whistle Test and for a long time were music critic John Peel's favourite group.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The band released three albums between 1977 and 1979 on Pye Records.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles started out just as The Poodles.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The original Fabulous Poodles consisted of Tony de Meur on lead vocals and guitar, Richie Robertson on bass and vocals, Bobby Valentino on violin, mandolin and vocals, Bryn Burrows on drums and Bob Suffolk on piano.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ A labradoodle (), also known as a labrapoodle () is a crossbreed dog created by crossing the Labrador Retriever and the Standard, Miniature or Toy Poodle.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ The term first appeared in 1955, but was not popularized until 1988, when the mix began to be used as a hypoallergenic guide dog.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ Currently, they are not considered a breed by any major fancier and breeder organization.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ Not all labradoodles are hypoallergenic, but it is a quality that many look for and appreciate in this type of crossbreed.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ The labradoodle became known in 1988, when Australian breeder Wally Conron crossed the Labrador Retriever and Standard Poodle at the Royal Guide Dogs Associations of Australia in Victoria.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Australian Shepherd, often known simply as the \"Aussie\", is a medium-sized breed of dog that was, despite its name, developed on ranches in the Western United States during the 19th century.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The dog was developed from a breed or breeds from the Basque country in Western Europe.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ It was brought by Basque people to the United States.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ These people had previously lived only briefly in Australia before moving to America.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed otherwise has no connection to Australia.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are a number of different theories regarding how the breed came to be associated with Australia, but there is no consensus.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ The Taiwan Dog () is a breed or landrace of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ These dogs are also known as Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog () or Takasago Dog ().", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Notwithstanding these adaptations, Formosans retained the potential to be trained, and are now used as hunting dogs, guard dogs, stunt dogs, rescue dogs, or simply as companions.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Formosans are classified into one medium type and two small types.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ However, now the pureblood Formosan Mountain Dog is edging closer to extinction, due to limited conservation efforts of the Taiwanese and their government.", "Police dog __knowledge__ A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a \"K-9\" or \"K9\" (a homophone of \"canine\"), is a dog that is specifically trained to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and protecting their handlers.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Police dogs must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.", "Police dog __knowledge__ The most commonly used breeds are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois and Rottweiler.", "Police dog __knowledge__ In many common law jurisdictions, the intentional injuring or killing of a police dog is a felony.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages.", "English Shepherd __knowledge__ The English Shepherd is an extremely versatile breed of working dog of the collie lineage, developed in the United States from farm dogs brought by English and Scottish settlers in the 17th through 19th centuries before pedigrees became fashionable around the end of the 19th century.", "English Shepherd __knowledge__ Subsistence farmers appreciated the breed for their versatility and not for their flash or strict conformation to a standard of appearance.", "English Shepherd __knowledge__ The English Shepherd is a highly intelligent, all-around farm dog, being used as a herding dog, livestock guardian, farm watch dog, hunting dog, vermin eradicator and a child's companion." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Lincoln Town Car __knowledge__ The Lincoln Town Car is a model line of full-size luxury sedans that was marketed by the Lincoln division of the American automaker Ford Motor Company from 1981 to 2011.", "Lincoln Town Car __knowledge__ Deriving its name from a style of limousine, \"Town Car\" translated in French is the term \"Sedan de Ville\" (the Cadillac rival to the Lincoln Continental from the 1950s to the 1990s).", "Lincoln Town Car __knowledge__ The Town Car nameplate first appeared as a sub-model of the Continental in 1959, later becoming a trim line during the 1970s.", "Lincoln Town Car __knowledge__ For 1981, the Lincoln Town Car became a distinct product, taking the place of the previous Continental in the Lincoln model line.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles were a British pre-new wave band formed in 1975.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ Known for quirky stage antics, such as exploding ukuleles, as well as songs with funny lyrics.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles toured with Meat Loaf, Sha Na Na, Tom Petty, Bill Bruford and Chuck Berry (as backing band).", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ They appeared on the Old Grey Whistle Test and for a long time were music critic John Peel's favourite group.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The band released three albums between 1977 and 1979 on Pye Records.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles started out just as The Poodles.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The original Fabulous Poodles consisted of Tony de Meur on lead vocals and guitar, Richie Robertson on bass and vocals, Bobby Valentino on violin, mandolin and vocals, Bryn Burrows on drums and Bob Suffolk on piano.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The Poodles are a glam metal/heavy metal band from Sweden.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ They are best known for their hits \"Metal Will Stand Tall\" and \"Night of Passion\", the latter of which was played in the Swedish Melodifestivalen in 2006.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The band was formed by singer Jakob Samuel (a.k.a.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ Jake Samuels) who in the early 1990s was Talisman's drummer, bassist Pontus Egberg (ex Lion's Share), guitarist Pontus Norgren (also Talisman, Humanimal) and drummer Christian Lundqvist.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The Poodles played in the Swedish Melodifestivalen contest in 2008, this time with E-Type.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ In addition, they played at the Sweden Rock Festival in 2006 and 2008.", "Big Gigantic __knowledge__ Big Gigantic is an instrumental electronic, hip-hop, and jazz musical duo based out of Boulder, Colorado, United States They have played at a wide range of large-scale music festivals, including Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Lollapalooza, Ultra Music Festival, Hangout Music Festival, Austin City Limits, Governors Ball Music Festival, Electric Forest Festival, Outside Lands, and Bonnaroo, among others.", "Big Gigantic __knowledge__ Every September since 2012 Big Gigantic has sold out their own headlining festival, Rowdytown at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "Big Gigantic __knowledge__ Their dynamic live performance is enhanced by their constantly evolving lighting, stage design and production for a full audio-sensory experience.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Crossbreed dogs or designer dogs are dogs which have been intentionally bred from two or more recognized dog breeds and not from dogs with no purebred ancestors, but have not been artificially bred to each other enough to breed true and be recognized as a breed in their own right.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Several unofficially recognized crossbreed types date from the 14th century or earlier, such as the lurcher or the longdog.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ The \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the term \"designer dog\" to the late 20th century, when breeders began to cross purebred poodles with other purebred breeds in order to obtain a dog with the poodles' hypoallergenic coat, along with various desirable characteristics from other breeds.", "Azuli Records __knowledge__ Azuli Records was an independent record label, focusing mainly on house music and other forms of electronic dance music.", "Azuli Records __knowledge__ The label was founded by DJ Dave Piccioni in London, UK in 1991 and went into liquidation in April 2009.", "Azuli Records __knowledge__ Some of its back catalogue was sold to Phoenix Music International Ltd.", "Azuli Records __knowledge__ The label was re launched by Dave Piccioni and administered by Defected Records.", "Azuli Records __knowledge__ In 2012, the label was sold to Defected Records.", "Azuli Records __knowledge__ Releases included the \"Choice\" series.", "Azuli Records __knowledge__ The Azuli Records label was the UK's longest-running house label, releasing a total of 278 singles on Azuli Label and over 60 albums.Dave Piccioni, a DJ who had lived in New York's formative house community, began by selling 12\" singles from the back of a van.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ \"Golden Retriever\" is a song by Super Furry Animals.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ It was the first single to be issued from the album \"Phantom Power\" and reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart on its release in July 2003.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ The song is about the relationship between singer Gruff Rhys's girlfriend's two dogs and was written in the same key, with the same guitar tuning and around the same time as several other songs from \"Phantom Power\".", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ Critical reaction to the track was generally positive with many reviewers commenting on its \"catchiness\" and \"glam rock\" style.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ A Jake & Jim directed music video was produced to accompany the song's release as a single featuring the band dressed as yetis.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tweed Water Spaniel, or Tweed Spaniel, is a breed of dog extinct since the 19th century.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ It is best known for being involved in the early development of the modern Curly Coated Retriever and Golden Retriever breeds of dogs.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ They were described as a generally brown athletic dogs from the area around Berwick-upon-Tweed near the River Tweed and close to the Scottish Borders.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ A type of water dog, the breed was not well known outside the local area.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ This breed may have been created by crossing local water dogs with imported St. John's water dog, another breed which is also now extinct.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The village of Norham, Northumberland, just south of the River Tweed was noted as being \"long famous\" for a breed of water spaniel of which were \"invariably brown\"." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 37, 9 ]

[ "I really like dogs! They are the best. The domesticated dog is man's best friend, of course.", "I really like labs and collies. I really enjoy German shepherds too. Intelligent dogs are my favorite. There are a variety of shapes and sizes of dogs.", "I did not know that. I think the Goldendoodle - a poodle and golden retriever mix - is so cute!", "Poodles can also come in different types such as the Standard, Miniature, and Toy." ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Marketing", "I did some of it", "Wow, that is good to know. Does marketing have downfalls?", "What is innovation?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "Leader–member exchange theory __knowledge__ The leader–member exchange (LMX) theory is a relationship-based approach to leadership that focuses on the two-way (dyadic) relationship between leaders and followers.", "Leader–member exchange theory __knowledge__ It suggests that leaders develop an exchange with each of their subordinates, and that the quality of these leader–member exchange relationships influences subordinates' responsibility, decisions, and access to resources and performance.", "Leader–member exchange theory __knowledge__ Relationships are based on trust and respect and are often emotional relationships that extend beyond the scope of employment.", "Leader–member exchange theory __knowledge__ Leader–member exchange may promote positive employment experiences and augment organizational effectiveness.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ A gift economy, gift culture, or gift exchange is a mode of exchange where valuables are not traded or sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ This contrasts with a barter economy or a market economy, where goods and services are primarily exchanged for value received.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ Social norms and custom govern gift exchange.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ Gifts are not given in an explicit exchange of goods or services for money or some other commodity.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ The nature of gift economies forms the subject of a foundational debate in anthropology.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ Anthropological research into gift economies began with Bronisław Malinowski's description of the Kula ring in the Trobriand Islands during World War I.", "Power distance __knowledge__ Power distance is the extent to which the lower ranking individuals of a society \"accept and expect that power is distributed unequally\".", "Power distance __knowledge__ It is primarily used in psychological and sociological studies on societal management of inequalities between individuals, and individual's perceptions of that management.", "Power distance __knowledge__ People in societies with a high power distance are more likely to conform to a hierarchy where \"everybody has a place and which needs no further justification\".", "Power distance __knowledge__ In societies with a low power distance, individuals tend to try to distribute power equally.", "Power distance __knowledge__ In such societies, inequalities of power among people would require additional justification.", "Trait activation theory __knowledge__ Trait activation theory is a personality theory of work performance based on the concept of trait activation, that is derived from an integration of trait theory, situationism, and personality-job fit theory.", "Trait activation theory __knowledge__ \"Trait theory\" is a psychological approach that includes studying personality traits as relatively stable individual differences that describe general predispositions or predictable common patterns of thinking and experiencing emotions that influence behavior.", "Trait activation theory __knowledge__ In fact, personality traits have been associated with important life outcomes (see Personality and life outcomes).", "Trait activation theory __knowledge__ The most well-known description or categorization of personality traits is called the \"Big Five personality traits\" which includes five broad personality dimensions: conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism (or emotional stability).", "Social exchange theory __knowledge__ Social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties.", "Social exchange theory __knowledge__ Social exchange theory posits that human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives.", "Social exchange theory __knowledge__ The theory has roots in economics, psychology and sociology.", "Social exchange theory __knowledge__ Social exchange theory features many of the main assumptions found in rational choice theory and structuralism.", "Social exchange theory __knowledge__ It is also used quite frequently in the business world to imply a two-sided, mutually contingent and rewarding process involving transactions or simply exchange.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Integrated marketing communications __knowledge__ Integrated marketing communications (IMC) is the use of marketing strategies to optimise the communication of a consistent message of the company's brands to stakeholders.", "Integrated marketing communications __knowledge__ Coupling methods together improves communication as it harnesses the benefits of each channel, which when combined together builds a clearer and vaster impact than if used individually.", "Integrated marketing communications __knowledge__ IMC requires marketers to identify the boundaries around the promotional mix elements and to consider the effectiveness of the campaign's message.", "Integrated marketing communications __knowledge__ In the mid to late 1980s, the marketing environment was undergoing profound environmental changes with implications for marketing communications.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The conservative Women for the Wall, sometimes abbreviated as W4W, is a grassroots organization founded in April 2013, concerned with preserving Jewish tradition at the Western Wall, also known as the Kotel.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The catalyst for the founding of Women for the Wall was lack of representation for the stand of traditional Jewish women in the controversy surrounding an alternative prayer group known as Women of the Wall (WoW).", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ In the months leading to the establishment of W4W, Women of the Wall demanded to hold their services in the traditional women's section, rather than the Robinson's Arch area of the Kotel, where alternative prayer services are held.", "Department store __knowledge__ A department store is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different product categories known as \"departments\".", "Department store __knowledge__ In modern major cities, the department store made a dramatic appearance in the middle of the 19th century, and permanently reshaped shopping habits, and the definition of service and luxury.", "Department store __knowledge__ Similar developments were under way in London (with Whiteleys), in Paris (\"Le Bon Marché\" in 1852) and in New York (with Stewart's).", "Department store __knowledge__ Today, departments often include the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, houseware, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware.", "Market penetration __knowledge__ Market penetration refers to the successful selling of a product or service in a specific market.", "Market penetration __knowledge__ It is measured by the amount of sales volume of an existing good or service compared to the total target market for that product or service.", "Market penetration __knowledge__ Market penetration is the key performance metric for a business growth strategy stemming from the Ansoff Matrix (Richardson, M., & Evans, C. (2007).", "Market penetration __knowledge__ H. Igor Ansoff first devised and published The Ansoff Matrix in the \"Harvard Business Review\" in 1957, within an article titled \"Strategies for Diversification\".", "Market penetration __knowledge__ The grid/matrix is utilized across businesses to help evaluate and determine the next stages the company must take in order to grow, and the risks associated with the chosen strategy.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network (often stylized as DISH Network, or just simply DISH) is an American-based direct-broadcast satellite service provider.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company provides satellite television, audio programming, and interactive television services to commercial and residential customers in the United States.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ , the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company has approximately 16,000 employees.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its former parent company EchoStar, which was founded by Charlie Ergen as a satellite television equipment distributor in 1980.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "Innovation __knowledge__ Innovation can be defined simply as a \"new idea, device or method\".", "Innovation __knowledge__ However, innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs.", "Innovation __knowledge__ This is accomplished through more-effective products, processes, services, technologies, or business models that are readily available to markets, governments and society.", "Innovation __knowledge__ The term \"innovation\" can be defined as something original and more effective and, as a consequence, new, that \"breaks into\" the market or society.", "Innovation __knowledge__ It is related to, but not the same as, invention, as innovation is more apt to involve the practical implementation of an invention (i.e.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ Innovation leadership is a philosophy and technique that combines different leadership styles to influence employees to produce creative ideas, products, and services.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ The key role in the practice of innovation leadership is the innovation leader.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ Dr. David Gliddon (2006) developed the competency model of innovation leaders and established the concept of innovation leadership at Penn State University.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ As an approach to organization development, innovation leadership can support achievement of the mission or the vision of an organization or group.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ With new technologies and processes, it is necessary for organizations to think innovatively to ensure continued success and stay competitive.", "Innovation management measurement __knowledge__ Innovation management measurement helps companies in understanding the current status of their innovation capabilities and practices.", "Innovation management measurement __knowledge__ Throughout this control areas of strength and weakness are identified and the organizations get a clue where they have to concentrate on to maximize the future success of their innovation procedures.", "Innovation management measurement __knowledge__ Furthermore, the measurement of innovation assists firms in fostering an innovation culture within the organization and in spreading the awareness of the importance of innovation.", "Innovation management measurement __knowledge__ It also discloses the restrictions for creativity and opportunity for innovation.", "Innovation management measurement __knowledge__ Because of all these arguments it is very important to measure the degree of innovation in the company, also in comparison with other companies.", "Diffusion of innovations __knowledge__ Diffusion of innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread.", "Diffusion of innovations __knowledge__ Everett Rogers, a professor of communication studies, popularized the theory in his book \"Diffusion of Innovations\"; the book was first published in 1962, and is now in its fifth edition (2003).", "Diffusion of innovations __knowledge__ Rogers argues that diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated over time among the participants in a social system.", "Diffusion of innovations __knowledge__ The origins of the diffusion of innovations theory are varied and span multiple disciplines.", "Diffusion of innovations __knowledge__ Rogers proposes that four main elements influence the spread of a new idea: the innovation itself, communication channels, time, and a social system.", "Social innovation __knowledge__ Social innovations are new strategies, concepts, ideas and organizations that meet the social needs of different elements which can be from working conditions and education to community development and health — they extend and strengthen civil society.", "Social innovation __knowledge__ Social innovation includes the social \"processes\" of innovation, such as open source methods and techniques and also the innovations which have a social purpose — like activism, online volunteering, microcredit, or distance learning.", "Social innovation __knowledge__ Prominent innovators associated with the term include Pakistani Akhter Hameed Khan, Bangladeshi Muhammad Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank which pioneered the concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and also inspired programs such as the Infolady Social Entrepreneurship Programme of Dnet (A Social Enterprise) and Stephen Goldsmith, former Indianapolis mayor who engaged the private sector in providing many city services.", "Innovation district __knowledge__ The creation of innovation districts is a recent trend in the economy.", "Innovation district __knowledge__ Since the 1950s, entrepreneurial clustering has been led by the spatial geographic model of Silicon Valley – suburban corridors with sprawling research centers and campuses.", "Innovation district __knowledge__ However, in the early 2000s European and American cities began dedicating zones exclusively for the purpose of clustering entrepreneurs, startups, business accelerators and incubators.", "Innovation district __knowledge__ These spaces are easily accessible via public transportation, wired for public Wi-Fi, support mixed-use development, and nurture collaboration / knowledge-sharing.", "Innovation district __knowledge__ An innovation district is a place-based urban development strategy that aims to regenerate an under-performing downtown neighborhood into a desirable location for innovative and creative companies and workers.", "Service innovation __knowledge__ The concept of service Innovation was first discussed in Miles (1993) and has been developed in the past two decades.", "Service innovation __knowledge__ It is used to refer to many things.", "Service innovation __knowledge__ These include but not limited to: The Finnish research agency TEKES defines service innovation as the following: \"Service innovation is a new or significantly improved service concept that is taken into practice.", "Service innovation __knowledge__ It can be for example a new customer interaction channel, a distribution system or a technological concept or a combination of them.", "Service innovation __knowledge__ A service innovation always includes replicable elements that can be identified and systematically reproduced in other cases or environments.", "Design management __knowledge__ Design management is a business discipline that uses project management, design, strategy, and supply chain techniques to control a creative process, support a culture of creativity, and build a structure and organization for design.", "Design management __knowledge__ The objective of design management is to develop and maintain an efficient business environment in which an organization can achieve its strategic and mission goals through design.", "Design management __knowledge__ Design management is a comprehensive activity at all levels of business (operational to strategic), from the discovery phase to the execution phase.", "Design management __knowledge__ \"Simply put, design management is the business side of design.", "Shintō Musō-ryū __knowledge__ , most commonly known by its practice of \"jōdō\", is a traditional school (\"koryū\") of the Japanese martial art of \"jōjutsu\", or the art of wielding the short staff (\"jō\").", "Shintō Musō-ryū __knowledge__ The technical purpose of the art is to learn how to defeat a swordsman in combat using the \"jō\", with an emphasis on proper combative distance, timing and concentration.", "Shintō Musō-ryū __knowledge__ The system includes teachings of other weapon systems which are contained in Shintō Musō-ryū as auxiliary arts (\"Fuzoku ryuha\").", "Shintō Musō-ryū __knowledge__ The school is sometimes abbreviated as SMR.", "Shintō Musō-ryū __knowledge__ The art was founded by the samurai Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi (夢想 權之助 勝吉, fl.", "Shintō Musō-ryū __knowledge__ c.1605, dates of birth and death unknown) in the early Edo period (1603–1868) and, according to legend, first put to use in a duel with Miyamoto Musashi (宮本 武蔵, 1584–1645).", "Gujarat __knowledge__ Gujarat ( \"\"  ) is a state in Western India with an area of , a coastline of –most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million.", "Gujarat __knowledge__ It is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west.", "Gujarat __knowledge__ Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad.", "Gujarat __knowledge__ The Gujarati-speaking people of India are indigenous to the state.", "Gujarat __knowledge__ The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, such as Lothal, Dholavira, and Gola Dhoro.", "Gujarat __knowledge__ Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first seaports.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "James Bray Griffith __knowledge__ James Bray Griffith (1871 - Jan 1, 1937) was an American business theorist, and head of Department of Commerce, Accountancy, and Business Administration at the American School of Correspondence in Chicago, known as early systematizer of management.", "James Bray Griffith __knowledge__ Born in Maryland to Thomas Francis Griffith and Euphemia Hill, Griffith came into prominence in the 1900s.", "James Bray Griffith __knowledge__ Early 1900s had joined the International Accountants' Society, Inc., a home study school founded in 1903 in Chicago.", "James Bray Griffith __knowledge__ There he was director of the Course in Systematizing, and published his first book on systematizing in 1905.", "James Bray Griffith __knowledge__ Earlier in the 1900s he had published a series of articles in \"The Life Insurance Independent and American Journal of Life Insurance,\" and in McGraw Hill's \"The Magazine of Business.\"", "School business manager __knowledge__ A school business manager (SBM), sometimes known as a bursar, is a senior member of non-teaching staff responsible for managing non-teaching activity in a school.", "School business manager __knowledge__ This position exists in schools in the United Kingdom, but not in most public schools in the United States.", "School business manager __knowledge__ They oversee the business management of schools – all the administrative and logistical aspects of running a school so that these are done in the most effective and efficient way possible.", "School business manager __knowledge__ Through this, they free up the school’s headteacher to focus on leading teaching and learning.", "School business manager __knowledge__ Although generally not in possession of Qualified Teacher Status, SBMs with appropriate training and experience are increasingly serving on the school’s leadership team, bringing additional leadership skills and a commercial outlook to the school’s strategic decision making.", "Uchida Ryu Tanjojutsu __knowledge__ , also known as Sutekki-Jutsu, is a Japanese martial arts school of tanjojutsu, originally devised by Shinto Muso-ryu practicitioner Uchida Ryogoro (1837-1921) as a way to utilize the western-style walking stick into a weapon of self-defence.", "Uchida Ryu Tanjojutsu __knowledge__ The tanjo is not to be confused with the pre-meji era short stick hanbo.", "Uchida Ryu Tanjojutsu __knowledge__ After the Meiji Restoration in 1869, which would herald the Meiji Era, Japan took a giant leap from the old feudal system into a more modern western style society.", "Uchida Ryu Tanjojutsu __knowledge__ The old samurai-caste was disestablished and everything western were brought into Japan as a way to modernize it's society, military and economy." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 10 ]

[ "Do you know much about marketing? It is the study of exchange relationships.", "I am very interested in it, especially because it is necessary in business in order to create and keep customers, as well as make them happy.", "I can't imagine there would be many. It is one of the biggest parts of business management though, along with innovaton.", "Innovation is the realization of new ideas, methods, or devices." ]

[ "Marketing", "Marketing", "Marketing", "Marketing" ]

[ "Nightclub", "Sure! I'm not much of a clubber, but I have gone a few times. I prefer to stay out of the crowd scene", "Do you go to them? When I've gone it's only been to see one of my favorite bands play. ", "Yes, not to mention the people-watching. I think I get more entertainment from watching people do the things they enjoy, like dancing, or mingling with people they don't know. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub (or club) is an entertainment venue and bar that usually operates late into the night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub is generally distinguished from regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of a stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with ripped jeans or other informal clothing or gang apparel as part of a dress code.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres, such as house music or hip hop.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub may also be called a discothèque or disco (these terms were generally used for 1970s and early 1980s-era venues), dance club, dance bar or live music club.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ From about 1900 to 1920, working class Americans would gather at honky tonks or juke joints to dance to music played on a piano or a jukebox.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Webster Hall is credited as the first modern nightclub, being built in 1886 and starting off as a \"social hall\", originally functioning as a home for dance and political activism events." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub (or club) is an entertainment venue and bar that usually operates late into the night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub is generally distinguished from regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of a stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with ripped jeans or other informal clothing or gang apparel as part of a dress code.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres, such as house music or hip hop.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub may also be called a discothèque or disco (these terms were generally used for 1970s and early 1980s-era venues), dance club, dance bar or live music club.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ From about 1900 to 1920, working class Americans would gather at honky tonks or juke joints to dance to music played on a piano or a jukebox.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Webster Hall is credited as the first modern nightclub, being built in 1886 and starting off as a \"social hall\", originally functioning as a home for dance and political activism events.", "Clubber Lang __knowledge__ James \"Clubber\" Lang is a fictional character created by Sylvester Stallone for the film \"Rocky III\", which was released in 1982.", "Clubber Lang __knowledge__ Lang serves as the main antagonist of the film and was portrayed by Mr. T. Lang is a professional boxer fighting out of Chicago, Illinois and a one-time world heavyweight champion, having taken the title from Rocky Balboa only to lose it back to Balboa in his next fight.", "Clubber Lang __knowledge__ The character is very loosely based on a combination of Sonny Liston, Larry Holmes and George Foreman.", "Clubber Lang __knowledge__ James Lang was orphaned at an early age, and spent most of his childhood on the streets of Chicago's Southside, as well as time in orphanages and juvenile facilities.", "Rocky Balboa __knowledge__ Robert \"Rocky\" Balboa is the title character of the \"Rocky\" series.", "Rocky Balboa __knowledge__ The character was created by Sylvester Stallone, who also portrayed him in all seven \"Rocky\" films.", "Rocky Balboa __knowledge__ He is depicted as an everyman who started out by going the distance and overcoming obstacles that had occurred in his life and career as a professional boxer.", "Rocky Balboa __knowledge__ While he is loosely based on Chuck Wepner, a one-time boxer who fought Muhammad Ali and lost on a TKO in the 15th round, the inspiration for the name, iconography and fighting style came from boxing legend Rocky Marciano.", "Rocky Balboa __knowledge__ The character is widely considered to be Stallone's most iconic role and is often considered the role that started his film career.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos (, \"Zákynthos\" , ) or Zante (, \"Tzánte\" , ; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ In Greek mythology the island was said to be named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a tourist destination, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ Monty Python's Life of Brian, also known as Life of Brian, is a 1979 British religious satire comedy film starring and written by the comedy group Monty Python (Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin).", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ It was also directed by Jones.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ The film tells the story of Brian Cohen (played by Chapman), a young Jewish man who is born on the same day as, and next door to, Jesus Christ, and is subsequently mistaken for the Messiah.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ Following the withdrawal of funding by EMI Films just days before production was scheduled to begin, long-time Monty Python fan and former member of the Beatles, George Harrison, arranged financing for \"Life of Brian\" through the formation of his company HandMade Films.", "Carmen __knowledge__ Carmen (; ) is an opera in four acts by French composer Georges Bizet.", "Carmen __knowledge__ The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on a novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée.", "Carmen __knowledge__ The opera was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 3 March 1875, where its breaking of conventions shocked and scandalized its first audiences.", "Carmen __knowledge__ Bizet died suddenly after the 33rd performance, unaware that the work would achieve international acclaim within the following ten years.", "Carmen __knowledge__ \"Carmen\" has since become one of the most popular and frequently performed operas in the classical canon; the \"Habanera\" from act 1 and the \"Toreador Song\" from act 2 are among the best known of all operatic arias.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from Happy Tree Friends.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ There are 27 main characters, and some other supporting characters.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series in 2010, the creators of the show announced that there would be one more character added to Happy Tree Friends in the near future.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The candidates were a sheep/lamb named Lammy and a pig named Truffles.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The voting took place during the month of March 2010, and the winner was Lammy, who have featured in most of the latest episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Even though Truffles lost the vote, he still cameos in some episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Cuddles is a laser yellow male rabbit with pink cheeks, or a blush along with pink bunny slippers.", "I Wanna Talk About Me __knowledge__ \"I Wanna Talk About Me\" is a song written by Bobby Braddock and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith.", "I Wanna Talk About Me __knowledge__ It was released in August 2001 as the second single from Keith's album \"Pull My Chain\".", "I Wanna Talk About Me __knowledge__ The song was his seventh Number One single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts.", "I Wanna Talk About Me __knowledge__ Keith told \"Billboard\" magazine that he knew he would get \"banged a little\" for cutting the song.", "I Wanna Talk About Me __knowledge__ \"They're going to call it a rap, [although] there ain't nobody doing rap who would call it a rap.\"", "I Wanna Talk About Me __knowledge__ Like Keith's 1998 single \"Getcha Some\", \"I Wanna Talk About Me\" is cited as an example of country-rap, due to the use of a strong beat and rhythmically spoken lyrics.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "I Don't Wanna Talk It Over Anymore __knowledge__ I Don't Wanna Talk It Over Anymore is the twenty ninth studio album by American country music artist, Connie Smith.", "I Don't Wanna Talk It Over Anymore __knowledge__ The album was released in October 1976 on Columbia Records and was produced by Ray Baker.", "I Don't Wanna Talk It Over Anymore __knowledge__ It was Smith's final album released on the Columbia label, before switching to Monument Records in 1977.", "I Don't Wanna Talk It Over Anymore __knowledge__ \"I Don't Wanna Talk It Over Anymore\" consisted of ten tracks and was recorded in 1975 at the Columbia Recording Studios in Nashville, Tennessee and New York City, New York.", "I Don't Wanna Talk It Over Anymore __knowledge__ The album included a cover version of The Everly Brothers hit, \"So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad),\" which was released as the album's first single.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Bones\".", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The article deals with the series' main, recurring, and minor characters.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The following characters have been featured in the opening credits of the program.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan (seasons 1–12) works as a forensic anthropologist at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. and is also a best–selling novelist.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ She is nicknamed \"Bones\" by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Brennan and Booth work together on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cases concerning recently found human remains.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Although she is an expert in her field, Brennan is socially awkward and has limited knowledge about pop culture.", "Smalls Paradise __knowledge__ Smalls Paradise (often called Small's Paradise and Smalls' Paradise, and not to be confused with Smalls Jazz Club), was a nightclub in Harlem, New York City.", "Smalls Paradise __knowledge__ Located in the basement of 2294 Seventh Avenue, it opened in 1925 and was owned by Ed Smalls.", "Smalls Paradise __knowledge__ At the time of the Harlem Renaissance, Smalls Paradise was the only one of the well-known Harlem night clubs to be owned by an African-American and integrated.", "Smalls Paradise __knowledge__ Other major Harlem night clubs admitted only white patrons unless the person was an African-American celebrity.", "Smalls Paradise __knowledge__ The entertainment at Smalls Paradise was not limited to the stage; waiters danced the Charleston or roller-skated as they delivered orders to customers.", "Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love) __knowledge__ \"Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love)\" is a song by Bob Dylan that was released on his 1985 album \"Empire Burlesque\".", "Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love) __knowledge__ As a single, it was a Top 40 Hit in New Zealand and Belgium.", "Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love) __knowledge__ An earlier version of the song, entitled \"Someone's Got a Hold of My Heart\", was recorded for Dylan's 1983 LP, \"Infidels\", but was not included on that album; it later appeared on \"The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991\".", "Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love) __knowledge__ An early version of \"Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love)\" was recorded during sessions for \"Infidels\", Dylan's 1983 album, as \"Someone's Got a Hold of My Heart\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub (or club) is an entertainment venue and bar that usually operates late into the night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub is generally distinguished from regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of a stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with ripped jeans or other informal clothing or gang apparel as part of a dress code.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres, such as house music or hip hop.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub may also be called a discothèque or disco (these terms were generally used for 1970s and early 1980s-era venues), dance club, dance bar or live music club.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ From about 1900 to 1920, working class Americans would gather at honky tonks or juke joints to dance to music played on a piano or a jukebox.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Webster Hall is credited as the first modern nightclub, being built in 1886 and starting off as a \"social hall\", originally functioning as a home for dance and political activism events.", "Royal Military College of Canada Bands __knowledge__ The Band of the Royal Military College began in 1953 as a small Highland contingent consisting of bagpipers and drummers.", "Royal Military College of Canada Bands __knowledge__ To celebrate the 60th anniversary for the RMC Band; the band was presented in 2013 with artwork displaying a lone RMC piper and a RMC bugler playing last post; kilt pins featuring the RMC logo, and a drum skin featuring the RMC logo.", "Royal Military College of Canada Bands __knowledge__ Today the band has a membership of over 130 Officer Cadets, and includes a Brass and Reed section, Choir and Highland Dance Section in addition to the Pipes and Drums.", "Royal Military College of Canada Bands __knowledge__ As the largest volunteer band in the Canadian Forces, the Royal Military College Band receives its instruction from professional military musicians.", "Jam band __knowledge__ A jam band is a musical group whose live albums and concerts relate to a unique fan culture that began in the 1960s with the Grateful Dead, and continued with The Allman Brothers Band, which had lengthy jams at concerts.", "Jam band __knowledge__ The performances of these bands typically feature extended musical improvisation (\"jams\") over rhythmic grooves and chord patterns, and long sets of music that can often cross genre boundaries.", "Jam band __knowledge__ The Grateful Dead continued to grow their fanbase in the second half of the 1980s.", "Jam band __knowledge__ In the mid-1980s, the bands Phish, Edie Brickell & New Bohemians, Blues Traveler, Ozric Tentacles, Widespread Panic, Bela Fleck and the Flecktones, Spin Doctors, Col Bruce Hampton and Aquarium Rescue Unit, began touring with jam band-style concerts.", "Rammstein __knowledge__ Rammstein () is a German rock band, formed in 1994 in Berlin.", "Rammstein __knowledge__ Throughout its existence, Rammstein's six-man lineup has remained unchanged—lead guitarist Richard Z. Kruspe, bassist Oliver \"Ollie\" Riedel, drummer Christoph \"Doom\" Schneider, lead vocalist Till Lindemann, rhythm guitarist Paul H. Landers, and keyboardist Christian \"Flake\" Lorenz.", "Rammstein __knowledge__ The band helped to find a subgenre within German hard rock and metal that became known as Neue Deutsche Härte.", "Rammstein __knowledge__ The majority of their songs are in German, but they have also performed songs entirely or partially in other languages including English, Spanish, French, and Russian.", "Wacken Open Air __knowledge__ Wacken Open Air (W:O:A) is a summer open-air heavy metal music festival.", "Wacken Open Air __knowledge__ It takes place annually in the village of Wacken in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, northwest of Hamburg.", "Wacken Open Air __knowledge__ The festival was first held in 1990 as a small event for local German bands.", "Wacken Open Air __knowledge__ W:O:A is usually held at the beginning of August and lasts four days.", "Wacken Open Air __knowledge__ It is currently considered the biggest heavy-metal festival in the world.", "Wacken Open Air __knowledge__ In 2011, the festival attracted 80,000 festival visitors and 6,000 personnel for a total of roughly 86,000 attendees.", "Wacken Open Air __knowledge__ The festival traditionally ends on the first Sunday in August, and at midnight the following Monday tickets go on sale for the next year.", "Warped Tour __knowledge__ The Warped Tour is a traveling Rock festival that has toured the United States (including 3 or 4 stops in Canada) annually each summer since 1995.", "Warped Tour __knowledge__ It is the largest traveling music festival in the United States, and is the longest-running touring music festival in North America.", "Warped Tour __knowledge__ The first Warped Tour took place in 1995, and the skateboard shoe manufacturer Vans became the main sponsor of the tour starting with the second tour in 1996, when it became known as the Vans Warped Tour.", "Warped Tour __knowledge__ Although Vans has continued to be the main sponsor and lend its name to the festival, other sponsors have also participated, with stages or other aspects of the festival sometimes being named after them.", "Antigua Carnival __knowledge__ The Antiguan Carnival is a celebration of the emancipation of slavery in the country held annually from the end of July to the first Tuesday in August.", "Antigua Carnival __knowledge__ The most important day is that of the j'ouvert (or juvé), in which brass and steel bands perform for much of the island's population.", "Antigua Carnival __knowledge__ Barbuda's Carnival, held in June, is known as Caribana.", "Antigua Carnival __knowledge__ The Antiguan and Barbudan Carnivals replaced the Old Time Christmas Festival in 1957, with hopes of inspiring tourism in Antigua and Barbuda.", "Antigua Carnival __knowledge__ Some elements of the Christmas Festival remain in the modern Carnival celebrations.", "Antigua Carnival __knowledge__ It is a ten-day festival of colorful costumes, beauty pageants, talent shows, and especially good music.", "Carnival __knowledge__ Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Western Christian festive season that occurs before the liturgical season of Lent.", "Carnival __knowledge__ The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent).", "Carnival __knowledge__ Carnival typically involves a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus, masks, and a public street party.", "Carnival __knowledge__ People wear masks and costumes during many such celebrations, allowing them to lose their everyday individuality and experience a heightened sense of social unity.", "Carnival __knowledge__ Excessive consumption of alcohol, meat, and other foods proscribed during Lent is extremely common.", "TGIF (ABC) __knowledge__ TGIF is the name of a defunct American prime time television programming block that aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), initially from 1989 to 2000.", "TGIF (ABC) __knowledge__ The name comes from the initials of the popular phrase \"Thank God It's Friday\"; however, the stars of the lineup touted the abbreviation as meaning \"Thank Goodness It's Funny.\"", "TGIF (ABC) __knowledge__ The block mainly featured situation comedies aimed at a family audience.", "TGIF (ABC) __knowledge__ It marked one of the first attempts by a major network to brand a programming block, with the goal of encouraging young viewers to watch the entire lineup, instead of just a particular show.", "Dayparting __knowledge__ In broadcast programming, dayparting is the practice of dividing the broadcast day into several parts, in which a different type of radio or television program apropos for that time period is aired.", "Dayparting __knowledge__ Television programs are most often geared toward a particular demographic, and what the target audience typically engages in at that time.", "Dayparting __knowledge__ Nielsen Audio (formerly known as Arbitron until it merged with A.C. Nielsen Co. in 2013), the leading audience measurement ratings service in the United States, divides a weekday into five dayparts: morning drive time (6:00–10:00 a.m.), midday (10:00 a.m.–3:00 p.m.), afternoon drive (3:00–7:00 p.m.), evenings (7:00 p.m.–midnight) and overnight (midnight–6:00 a.m.).", "Rage (TV program) __knowledge__ Rage (styled as rage) is a popular all-night Australian music video program broadcast on ABC on Friday nights, Saturday mornings and Saturday nights.", "Rage (TV program) __knowledge__ It was first screened on the weekend of Friday, 17 April 1987.", "Rage (TV program) __knowledge__ With \"Soul Train\" and \"Video Hits\" no longer being produced, it is the oldest music television program currently still in production as of 2018.", "Rage (TV program) __knowledge__ On Friday and Saturday nights, \"Rage\" typically starts between 11pm and 1am.", "Rage (TV program) __knowledge__ The program is classified 'MA 15+' until 5am Saturdays, and finishes at 11:30am on Saturdays and at 7am on Sundays.", "Rage (TV program) __knowledge__ \"Rage\" has a good reputation among viewers for its minimalist format which has remained largely unchanged for more than two decades.", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ Major League Baseball on NBC is the de facto branding for weekly broadcasts of Major League Baseball (MLB) games produced by NBC Sports, and televised on the NBC television network.", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ Major League Baseball games first aired on the network from to , when CBS acquired the broadcast television rights; games returned to the network in with coverage lasting until .", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ There have been several variations of the program dating back to the 1940s, including \"The NBC Game of the Week\" and \"Baseball Night in America\".", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ From 1947 to 1956 and again in 1965, NBC only aired the All-Star Game (beginning in 1950) and World Series.", "Night Network __knowledge__ Night Network, Night Time and Night Shift were names given to the overnight (usually between 12 and 6am) schedule of the ITV network in the United Kingdom.", "Night Network __knowledge__ The first ITV company began 24-hour broadcasting in 1986, with all of the companies broadcasting through the night by 1988.", "Night Network __knowledge__ At first, individual companies began to create their own services, however before too long, many of the smaller ITV station began simulcasting or networking services from others.", "Night Network __knowledge__ From this, numerous services began each offering their own distinct take on programmes, with regions taking one of the services on offer.", "Night Network __knowledge__ As each franchise was taken over however, the services became fewer in number.", "Friday night death slot __knowledge__ The \"Friday night death slot\" or \"Friday evening death slot\" is a perceived graveyard slot in American television.", "Friday night death slot __knowledge__ It implies that a television program in the United States scheduled on Friday evenings (typically, between 8:00 and 11:00 p.m.", "Friday night death slot __knowledge__ ET) is destined for cancellation.", "Friday night death slot __knowledge__ The term possibly began as a reflection of certain shows' dominance of Friday night in the 1980s and 1990s, which condemned to death any television show scheduled opposite those programs.", "Friday night death slot __knowledge__ Today, it reflects the belief that young, single Americans rarely watch television on Friday or Saturday nights, thereby removing from the household the most lucrative demographic for advertisers.", "ECW Hardcore TV __knowledge__ ECW Hardcore TV was a professional wrestling television program of Philadelphia-based promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) composed of footage from live shows and recorded interviews.", "ECW Hardcore TV __knowledge__ It ran in syndication from 1993 until 2000.", "ECW Hardcore TV __knowledge__ Even after ECW gained a nationally-available television program on The Nashville Network (TNN), \"Hardcore TV\" was considered ECW's flagship program.", "ECW Hardcore TV __knowledge__ The rights to the show now belong to the WWE.", "ECW Hardcore TV __knowledge__ The show was voted as Best Weekly Television Show in the 1994, 1995 and 1996 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards.", "ECW Hardcore TV __knowledge__ \"Hardcore TV\" was edited from footage of ECW's live events from the ECW Arena and other house shows." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub (or club) is an entertainment venue and bar that usually operates late into the night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub is generally distinguished from regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of a stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with ripped jeans or other informal clothing or gang apparel as part of a dress code.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres, such as house music or hip hop.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub may also be called a discothèque or disco (these terms were generally used for 1970s and early 1980s-era venues), dance club, dance bar or live music club.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ From about 1900 to 1920, working class Americans would gather at honky tonks or juke joints to dance to music played on a piano or a jukebox.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Webster Hall is credited as the first modern nightclub, being built in 1886 and starting off as a \"social hall\", originally functioning as a home for dance and political activism events.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ Judge Judy is an American arbitration-based reality court show presided over by Judge Judy Sheindlin, a retired Manhattan family court judge.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ The show features Sheindlin adjudicating real-life small claim disputes within a simulated courtroom set.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ Prior to the proceedings, all parties involved must sign arbitration contracts agreeing to Sheindlin's ruling, handling and production staff management.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ The series is in first-run syndication and distributed by CBS Television Distribution.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ \"Judge Judy\", which premiered on September 16, 1996, reportedly revitalized the court show genre.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ Only two other arbitration-based reality court shows preceded it, \"The People's Court\" (its first life canceled in 1993 from low ratings) and \"Jones & Jury\" (lasting only the 1994–95 season, short-lived from low ratings).", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Robert Conley (music producer) __knowledge__ Robert Conley (dp13) is an American songwriter, record producer, programmer, engineer, mixer and music publisher.", "Robert Conley (music producer) __knowledge__ Throughout his varied career over the last decade, he has worked across all genres of music and has collaborated with and / or programmed / mixed / produced / written with, and for, many artists, including KISS, Destiny's Child, Carlos Santana, Justin Timberlake, Josh Groban, Darren Hayes, Celine Dion, Ricky Martin, Darren Hayes., Jessica Mauboy, Okenyo, Tina Arena, The Delta Riggs, The Walking Who, Ilan Kidron, Grinspoon, Georgi Kay, Thelma Plum, Lisa Mitchell, Bluejuice and many more.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Nu metal (also known as nü-metal and ) is a form of that combines elements of with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk and grunge.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, including multiple genres of heavy metal.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ rarely features guitar solos; the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Many nu metal guitarists use that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Vocal styles in include singing, rapping, screaming and growling.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ Electronic dance music (also known as EDM, dance music, club music, or simply dance) is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ EDM is generally produced for playback by disc jockeys (DJs) who create seamless selections of tracks, called a mix, by segueing from one recording to another.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ In Europe, EDM is more commonly called 'dance music' or simply 'dance'.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, and an upsurge of interest in club culture, EDM acquired mainstream popularity in Europe.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ The South African music scene includes both popular (jive) and folk forms.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ Pop styles are based on four major sources, Zulu isicathamiya singing and harmonic mbaqanga.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ Christian missions provided the first organised musical training in the country, bringing to light many of the modern country's earliest musicians, including Enoch Sontonga, who wrote the national anthem \"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika\".", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, South African cities like Cape Town were large enough to attract foreign musicians, especially American ragtime players.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ African American spirituals were popularised in the 1890s by Orpheus McAdoo's Jubilee Singers.", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ A bass amplifier or \"bass amp\" is a musical instrument electronic device that uses electrical power to make lower-pitched instruments such as the bass guitar or double bass loud enough to be heard by the performers and audience.", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ Bass amps typically consist of a preamplifier, tone controls, a power amplifier and one or more loudspeakers (\"drivers\") in a cabinet.", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ While bass amps share many features with the guitar amplifiers used for electric guitar, such as providing an amplifier with tone and volume controls and a carrying handle, they are distinct from other types of amplification systems, due to the particular challenges associated with low-frequency sound reproduction.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 7, 9 ]

[ "hey party animal, wanna talk about everyone's favorite entertainment venue, a night club?", "I hear that, clubs can get very busy on Friday and Saturday nights. ", "I have been to a few. It sounds like you like clubs that cater to specific music genres. ", "maybe it all comes from our history to gather at honky tonks or juke joints so we could dance together. " ]

[ "Nightclub", "Nightclub", "Nightclub", "Nightclub" ]

[ "Husky", "Yes. Aren't they really big and have thick fur?", "I am not sure. I do not know much about them. They are beautiful animals!", "I have not but would love the experience. How heavy does an Alaskan Malamute get?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Siberian fur trade __knowledge__ The Siberian fur trade is an exchange concerned with the gathering, buying and selling of valuable animal furs that originate from Siberia.", "Siberian fur trade __knowledge__ The Siberian fur trade expanded from localized trade, and Siberian fur is now traded around the world.", "Siberian fur trade __knowledge__ The Siberian fur trade had a significant impact on the development of Siberia through exploration and colonization.", "Siberian fur trade __knowledge__ The fur trade also precipitated a decline in the number of fur-bearing animals and resulted in Siberia being conquered by Russia.", "Siberian fur trade __knowledge__ Traditionally, Siberians hunted as a means of sustenance and only used the fur from animals they hunted and consumed for gloves and hats.", "Chess on a Really Big Board __knowledge__ Chess on a Really Big Board is a large chess variant invented by Ralph Betza around 1996.", "Chess on a Really Big Board __knowledge__ It is played on a 16×16 chessboard with 16 pieces (on the back rank) and 16 pawns (on the second rank) per player.", "Chess on a Really Big Board __knowledge__ Since such a board can be constructed by pushing together four standard 8×8 boards, Betza also gave this variant the alternative names of Four Board Chess or Chess on Four Boards.", "Chess on a Really Big Board __knowledge__ Chess on a Really Big Board was created as an outgrowth of Betza's ideas on three-dimensional chess, after he noted that an 8×8×8 board for 3D chess would have 512 spaces, more than any large version of chess that had previously been invented; he then considered two-dimensional very large (or, in his word, \"huge\") chess games, mainly on the 16×16 board because such a board requires no non-standard equipment to construct, and while much larger than the 8×8 board, it was not so big as to make an unplayable game.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ The sea otter (\"Enhydra lutris\") is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ Adult sea otters typically weigh between , making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smallest marine mammals.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ Although it can walk on land, the sea otter lives mostly in the ocean.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ The sea otter inhabits offshore environments, where it dives to the sea floor to forage.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ It preys mostly on marine invertebrates such as sea urchins, various molluscs and crustaceans, and some species of fish.", "Really Big Coloring Books __knowledge__ Really Big Coloring Books, Inc is an American publisher based in St. Louis, Missouri.", "Really Big Coloring Books __knowledge__ The company develops, publishes and distributes children’s coloring and activity books, many of which are over two feet tall.", "Really Big Coloring Books __knowledge__ Some of their products have been controversial due to their political content.", "Really Big Coloring Books __knowledge__ Really Big Coloring Books was established in 1981 by publisher Wayne Bell.", "Really Big Coloring Books __knowledge__ Bell is often referred to as a hell raising hell-billy and at times a misfit.", "Really Big Coloring Books __knowledge__ During Bell's 20's and 30's he was noted for his professional anti-social behavior, social liberalism and his fire brand American capitalistic attitude.", "Really Big Coloring Books __knowledge__ The company publishes coloring and activity books covering a wide range of topics, including animals, cultural events and religious themes.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ This is a list of creatures in the fictional \"Star Wars\" universe.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ To be listed here, creatures must be noted in multiple canonical sources.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ An Acklay is a large non-Sentient creature resembling an Earth's praying mantis.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is a Crustacean.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is equipped with three eyes and six legs with four digits each, the fourth of which terminates in an elongated scythe-like claw and a crest to protect it from air attack.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ As a carnivore, it possesses a mouth full of long, sharp teeth that it uses for catching fish.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It originated on Vendaxa, but has since adapted to other environments such as Felucia and Geonosis.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs were important for transportation in arctic areas, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They were used with varying success in the explorations of both poles, as well as during the Alaskan gold rush.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dog teams delivered mail to rural communities in Alaska and northern Canada.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs today are still used by some rural communities, especially in areas of Alaska and Canada and throughout Greenland.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They are used for recreational purposes and racing events, such as the Iditarod Trail and the Yukon Quest.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs have been used in Canada, Lapland, Greenland, Siberia, Chukotka, Norway, Finland, and Alaska.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The Yukon Quest 1,000-mile International Sled Dog Race, or simply Yukon Quest, is a sled dog race run every February between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Whitehorse, Yukon.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ Because of the harsh winter conditions, difficult trail, and the limited support that competitors are allowed, it is considered the \"most difficult sled dog race in the world\", or even the \"toughest race in the world\".", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ In the competition, first run in 1984, a dog team leader (called a musher) and a team of 6 to 14 dogs race for 10 to 20 days.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The course follows the route of the historic 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, mail delivery, and transportation routes between Fairbanks, Dawson City, and Whitehorse.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the movie Balto and its sequels.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ Balto is the title character and protagonist of the film \"Balto\" and its related sequels.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ The character of Balto was based on a real dog that lived in Nome in 1925.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ Similarly to the film character, the real Balto gained fame as the lead dog of a sled team that was the last team on a mission to relay antitoxin to Nome, where an outbreak of diphtheria was occurring.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ While the real Balto was a Siberian Husky, the film instead portrays Balto as a wolf/husky hybrid.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ In the film series, Balto is said to be the offspring of a female wolf and a male husky.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирский хаски) is a medium size working dog breed that originated in north-eastern Siberia, Russia.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The original Siberian Huskies were bred by the Chukchi people whose hunter-gatherer culture relied on their help.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is an active, energetic, resilient breed, whose ancestors lived in the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ William Goosak, a Russian fur trader, introduced them to Nome, Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush, initially as sled dogs.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is not considered a pure breed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ It is defined only by its purpose, which is that of a highly efficient sled dog.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The husky is a blend of various Northern breeds, chosen particularly for skills such as pulling.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Specializations in type exist within the category, such as freighting dogs (Mackenzie River husky, Malamute), sprint Alaskans (Eurohound), and distance Alaskans.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is the sled dog of choice for world-class dog sled racing.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ None of the purebred northern breeds can match it for sheer racing speed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Sprint-racing events such as the Fairbanks, Alaska Open North American Championship and the Anchorage Fur Rendezvous are invariably won by teams of Alaskan huskies, or Alaskans crossed with hounds or gun dogs.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in early March from Settler's Bay to Nome, which takes place entirely in the US state of Alaska.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8–15 days or more.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by Dallas Seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ As of 2012, Dallas Seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The Labrador Husky is a specific purebred dog.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ It is commonly mistaken for a Husky-Lab mix but in fact, it is its own breed.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The Labrador Husky was originally brought to Labrador, Canada in the 1300s by the Inuit People.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ Its main purpose was to help the Inuit people survive in a highly demanding environment.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ To do so, the Labrador Husky was trained to pull sleds that transported goods.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ Labrador Huskies are known to be large but gentle dogs.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The breed can grow to be bigger than the more commonly known Siberian Husky weighing in at 60-100 pounds.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ This dog was domesticated by families to serve as a family pet." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "Tippi Hedren __knowledge__ Nathalie Kay \"Tippi\" Hedren (born January 19, 1930) is an American actress, animal rights activist and former fashion model.", "Tippi Hedren __knowledge__ A successful fashion model from her twenties, appearing on the front covers of \"Life\" and \"Glamour\" magazines among others, Hedren became an actress after she was discovered by director Alfred Hitchcock while appearing on a television commercial in 1961.", "Tippi Hedren __knowledge__ She received world recognition for her work in two of his films, the suspense-thriller \"The Birds\" in 1963, for which she won a Golden Globe, and the psychological drama \"Marnie\" in 1964.", "Tippi Hedren __knowledge__ Hedren has appeared in over eighty films and TV shows including Charlie Chaplin's final film, \"A Countess from Hong Kong\" (1967), the Alexander Payne political satire \"Citizen Ruth\" (1996), and the David O. Russell existential comedy \"I Heart Huckabees\" (2004), and her contributions to world cinema have been honored with the Jules Verne Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame among others.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Feminine Brigades of St. Joan of Arc __knowledge__ The Feminine Brigades of Saint Joan of Arc (Spanish: \"Las Brigadas Femeninas de Santa Juana de Arco\") also known as Guerrilleras de Cristo or (women-soldiers of Christ) is a secret military society for women founded by Mrs. Uribe (also known as Mrs. G. Richaud) on June 21, 1927, in Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.", "Feminine Brigades of St. Joan of Arc __knowledge__ Formed as a secret Catholic women's society that organized to support the Mexican Cristero War effort, they were affiliated with Unión Popular.", "Feminine Brigades of St. Joan of Arc __knowledge__ Initial membership consisted of only 17 women, but quickly grew to 135 women members within a matter of days.", "Feminine Brigades of St. Joan of Arc __knowledge__ At its height the brigade was composed of 56 squadrons, totaling 25,000 women militants, most active in Jalisco, Guadalajara and Mexico City.", "Clurit-class fast attack craft __knowledge__ The Clurit class fast attack craft are a class of domestically designed and built warships operated by the Indonesian Navy.", "Clurit-class fast attack craft __knowledge__ Vessels of this class are named after indigenous weapons and swords used in Indonesia.", "Clurit-class fast attack craft __knowledge__ The \"Clurit\" was built by PT Palindo Marine Industries, Tanjunguncang, Batam.", "Clurit-class fast attack craft __knowledge__ PT Palindo also worked with Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering's Daesun Shipyard in South Korea on the design and construction of four Makassar class landing platform docks.", "Clurit-class fast attack craft __knowledge__ The \"Clurit\" is named after a curved blade weapon native to the Madurese people of East Java.", "Clurit-class fast attack craft __knowledge__ Another ship with the same specifications was commissioned by the Indonesian Navy in February 2012, named KRI \"Kujang\" 642.", "Lawrence Osborne __knowledge__ Lawrence Osborne is a British novelist currently residing in Bangkok.", "Lawrence Osborne __knowledge__ Osborne was educated at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge and at Harvard, and has since led a nomadic life, residing for years in France, Italy, Morocco, the United States, Mexico, Thailand, and Istanbul.", "Lawrence Osborne __knowledge__ He is the author of the novel \"Ania Malina\"; a book about Paris, \"Paris Dreambook\"; the essay collection \"The Poisoned Embrace\"; a controversial book about autism called \"American Normal\"; and three subsequent travel books published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux between 2004 and 2009: a book about wine, \"The Accidental Connoisseur\"; \"The Naked Tourist\"; and an account of expatriate life in Bangkok called \"Bangkok Days\".", "Beautiful Animals __knowledge__ \"Beautiful Animals\" is a 2017 psychological thriller novel by British writer Lawrence Osborne.", "Beautiful Animals __knowledge__ Set on the Greek island of Hydra, it was featured in July 2017 on the cover of the \"New York Times Book Review\" and reviewed by Katie Kitamura.", "Beautiful Animals __knowledge__ It also received rave reviews from Lionel Shriver in the Washington Post and from John Powers at NPR's Fresh Air.", "Beautiful Animals __knowledge__ \"On a hike during a white-hot summer break on the Greek island of Hydra, Naomi and Samantha make a startling discovery: a man named Faoud, sleeping heavily, exposed to the elements, but still alive.", "Beautiful Animals __knowledge__ Naomi, the daughter of a wealthy British art collector who has owned a villa in the exclusive hills for decades, convinces Sam, a younger American girl on vacation with her family, to help this stranger.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse (, literally \"horse of Finland\"; nickname: \"Suokki\", or , literally \"finnish cold-blood\") is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In English it is sometimes called the Finnish Universal, as the Finns consider the breed capable of fulfilling all of Finland's horse needs, including agricultural and forestry work, harness racing, and riding.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In 2007, the breed was declared the official national horse breed of Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse is claimed to be among the fastest and most versatile \"coldblood\" breeds in the world.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ The Trait du Nord, previously also known as Ardennais du Nord or Ardennais de type Nord, is a breed of heavy draft horse developed and bred in the area of Hainaut in western Belgium and in northeastern France.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ Originally considered a subtype of the Ardennes, it was recognized as an individual breed with the opening of a studbook in 1903.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ Developed in the fertile Flemish grasslands, it was bred for size and pulling power for agricultural work.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ By 1855, the horses bred near Hainaut were considered by some veterinarians to be superior to other Flemish draft breeds.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ The Trait du Nord was used extensively in mining from the late 19th century through 1920, with lesser use continuing through the 1960s.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The northern goshawk (Old English: \"gōsheafoc\", \"goose-hawk\"), Accipiter gentilis, is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae, which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ As a species in the \"Accipiter\" genus, the goshawk is often considered a \"true hawk\".", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The scientific name is Latin; \"Accipiter\" is \"hawk\", from \"accipere\", \"to grasp\", and \"gentilis\" is \"noble\" or \"gentle\" because in the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ This species was first described under its current scientific name by Linnaeus in his \"Systema naturae\" in 1758.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Furthermore, modern breeding management and technologies can increase the rate of conception, a healthy pregnancy, and successful foaling.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ The male parent of a horse, a stallion, is commonly known as the \"sire\" and the female parent, the mare, is called the \"dam\".", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Both are genetically important, as each parent provides half of the genetic makeup of the ensuing offspring, called a foal.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирский хаски) is a medium size working dog breed that originated in north-eastern Siberia, Russia.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The original Siberian Huskies were bred by the Chukchi people whose hunter-gatherer culture relied on their help.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is an active, energetic, resilient breed, whose ancestors lived in the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ William Goosak, a Russian fur trader, introduced them to Nome, Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush, initially as sled dogs.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ The Arabian or Arab horse ( , DMG \"ḥiṣān ʿarabī\") is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") originally bred for hauling heavy freight because of their strength and endurance, and later a sled dog.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ They are similar to other arctic breeds, such as the Greenland Dog, Canadian Eskimo Dog, the Siberian Husky, and the Samoyed.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ The first dogs arrived in the Americas 12,000 years ago; however, people and their dogs did not settle in the Arctic until the Paleo-Eskimo people 4,500 years ago and then the Thule people 1,000 years ago, both originating from Siberia.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ Malamutes were thought to be created by the Malemiut Inupiaq people of Alaska's Norton Sound region, who were a Thule people.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the movie Balto and its sequels.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ Balto is the title character and protagonist of the film \"Balto\" and its related sequels.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ The character of Balto was based on a real dog that lived in Nome in 1925.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ Similarly to the film character, the real Balto gained fame as the lead dog of a sled team that was the last team on a mission to relay antitoxin to Nome, where an outbreak of diphtheria was occurring.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ While the real Balto was a Siberian Husky, the film instead portrays Balto as a wolf/husky hybrid.", "List of Balto characters __knowledge__ In the film series, Balto is said to be the offspring of a female wolf and a male husky.", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ Maximum Ride is a series of young adult fantasy novels by the author James Patterson, with a manga adaptation published by Yen Press.", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ The series is centered on the adventures of Maximum \"Max\" Ride and her friends, called the Flock, who are human-avian hybrids born with wings after being experimented on at a lab called The School.", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ The series was inspired by but is not a reboot of Patterson's earlier novels \"When the Wind Blows\" and \"The Lake House\".", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ The first book in the series by James Patterson gives an overview of the Flock: Maximum Ride (the leader), Fang, Iggy, Nudge, Gasman, and Angel.", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ These children, ages 6 through 14, are far from normal.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is not considered a pure breed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ It is defined only by its purpose, which is that of a highly efficient sled dog.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The husky is a blend of various Northern breeds, chosen particularly for skills such as pulling.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Specializations in type exist within the category, such as freighting dogs (Mackenzie River husky, Malamute), sprint Alaskans (Eurohound), and distance Alaskans.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is the sled dog of choice for world-class dog sled racing.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ None of the purebred northern breeds can match it for sheer racing speed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Sprint-racing events such as the Fairbanks, Alaska Open North American Championship and the Anchorage Fur Rendezvous are invariably won by teams of Alaskan huskies, or Alaskans crossed with hounds or gun dogs.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирский хаски) is a medium size working dog breed that originated in north-eastern Siberia, Russia.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The original Siberian Huskies were bred by the Chukchi people whose hunter-gatherer culture relied on their help.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is an active, energetic, resilient breed, whose ancestors lived in the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ William Goosak, a Russian fur trader, introduced them to Nome, Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush, initially as sled dogs.", "Tamaskan Dog __knowledge__ Tamaskan dogs are a Finnish dog crossbreed that has been specifically bred to resemble a wolf.", "Tamaskan Dog __knowledge__ It is a cross of several types of sled dogs, including the Siberian Husky and the Alaskan Malamute, and some wolfdog.", "Tamaskan Dog __knowledge__ Tamaskans have not been recognized as a breed in its own right by any major breed registries or kennel clubs, only being recognized by Tamaskan-specific breeder clubs.", "Tamaskan Dog __knowledge__ It is a highly versatile dog that can excel in agility, obedience and working trials.", "Tamaskan Dog __knowledge__ Tamaskans are large, athletic dogs, slightly taller in size than German Shepherds.", "Tamaskan Dog __knowledge__ With regard to build, they are substantially larger than typical sled dogs but smaller than the Alaskan Malamute.", "Challenge of the Yukon __knowledge__ Challenge of the Yukon is an American radio adventure series that began on Detroit's station WXYZ and is an example of a Northern genre story.", "Challenge of the Yukon __knowledge__ The series was first heard on February 3, 1938.", "Challenge of the Yukon __knowledge__ The title changed from \"Challenge of the Yukon\" to Sergeant Preston of the Yukon in September 1950, and remained under that name through the end of the series and into television.", "Challenge of the Yukon __knowledge__ Following the success of \"The Lone Ranger\" and \"The Green Hornet\" on Detroit radio station WXYZ (now known as WXYT), the station owner, George W. Trendle, asked for a similar adventure show with a dog as the hero.", "Challenge of the Yukon __knowledge__ According to WXYZ staffer Dick Osgood, in his history of the station, Trendle insisted that it not be \"a dog like Lassie because... this must be an action story.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs were important for transportation in arctic areas, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They were used with varying success in the explorations of both poles, as well as during the Alaskan gold rush.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dog teams delivered mail to rural communities in Alaska and northern Canada.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs today are still used by some rural communities, especially in areas of Alaska and Canada and throughout Greenland.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They are used for recreational purposes and racing events, such as the Iditarod Trail and the Yukon Quest.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs have been used in Canada, Lapland, Greenland, Siberia, Chukotka, Norway, Finland, and Alaska.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The Yukon Quest 1,000-mile International Sled Dog Race, or simply Yukon Quest, is a sled dog race run every February between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Whitehorse, Yukon.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ Because of the harsh winter conditions, difficult trail, and the limited support that competitors are allowed, it is considered the \"most difficult sled dog race in the world\", or even the \"toughest race in the world\".", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ In the competition, first run in 1984, a dog team leader (called a musher) and a team of 6 to 14 dogs race for 10 to 20 days.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The course follows the route of the historic 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, mail delivery, and transportation routes between Fairbanks, Dawson City, and Whitehorse.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in early March from Settler's Bay to Nome, which takes place entirely in the US state of Alaska.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8–15 days or more.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by Dallas Seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ As of 2012, Dallas Seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 12 ]

[ "Hey, so I have a husky that we use as a sled dog up north. have you ever seen one?", "Yes! Although there are many types of huskies. The breed ever-changing due to cross breeding. what type did you see?", "I have an Alaskan Malamute. They the biggest and strongest sled dog. He can carry at least a few people easily! Have you ever been pulled by dogsled? ", "Gee I am not sure exactly, but he's big! They're used for heavy hauling because he has so much endurance. " ]

[ "Husky", "Husky", "Husky", "Husky" ]

[ "Divorce\nI am no stranger to divorce. As the not so proud haver of three ex-wives, I have to do something different if I'm ever going to find lasting love!", "Yes, I find their desire to have affairs with people other than me incompatible with my desire for monogamy. :(", "That's why I need help finding the right girl, Doc. I know there's someone out there for me who understands what marriage is really supposed to be about!", "Maybe I do. My Uncle Larry says that after the fourth ex-wife I get a set of Encyclopedia Britannicas. Do you know how boring they make bookshelves look? They're amazing!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "One Life to Live characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the ABC soap opera, \"One Life to Live\", that began their run between the beginning of 2000 and the end of 2009.", "One Life to Live characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Kimberly \"Kim\" Andrews (formerly Buchanan; born Aubrey Wentworth) is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera \"One Life to Live\".", "One Life to Live characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Amanda Setton originated the role on August 14, 2009.", "One Life to Live characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2010 she chose not to renew her contract and last appeared on April 2.", "One Life to Live characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Setton reprised the role from August 22, 2011 until December 29, 2011.", "One Life to Live characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Kimberly Andrews is a Las Vegas exotic dancer who arrives in Llanview, Pennsylvania in August 2009 to help her best friend Stacy Morasco.", "June Haver __knowledge__ June Haver (born June Stovenour, June 10, 1926 – July 4, 2005) was an American film actress, singer, and dancer.", "June Haver __knowledge__ Once groomed by 20th Century Fox to be \"the next Betty Grable\", Haver appeared in a string of musicals, but she never achieved Grable's popularity.", "June Haver __knowledge__ Haver's second husband was the actor Fred MacMurray, whom she married after she retired from show business.", "June Haver __knowledge__ Born June Stovenour, June Haver was born in Rock Island, Illinois.", "June Haver __knowledge__ She later took the last name of her stepfather Bert Haver.", "June Haver __knowledge__ After the family moved to Ohio, seven-year-old Haver entered and won a contest of the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "General Hospital characters (2010s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "General Hospital characters (2010s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "General Hospital characters (2010s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "General Hospital characters (2010s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "General Hospital characters (2010s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years of 2010 to present day.", "General Hospital characters (2010s) __knowledge__ Curtis Ashford, portrayed by Donnell Turner, was introduced as a private investigator hired by Hayden Barnes (Rebecca Budig).", "Chris Haver __knowledge__ Christopher “Chris” Sterling Haver is an American entrepreneur, international businessman, and adventure traveler with a background in commercial real estate, technology, finance, and Internet startups.", "Chris Haver __knowledge__ He was the first American to climb and ski the Seven Summits, beginning in 1989 and ending in 1996.", "Chris Haver __knowledge__ Chris Haver was born on Feb. 6, 1966 to Joyce Haver and Ralph Haver II in Phoenix, Arizona.", "Chris Haver __knowledge__ A 3rd generation Phoenician, Chris Haver is the grandson of Ralph Burgess Haver, an architect that made a significant impact in Phoenix with his affordable Haver Home tract housing developments and numerous commercial projects such as the North Phoenix Baptist Church, American Express Regional Headquarters, and the old Phoenix City Hall Complex.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Monogamy ( ) is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or at any one time (serial monogamy), as compared to polygamy, polyandry, or polyamory.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ The term is also applied to the social behavior of some animals, referring to the state of having only one mate at any one time.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ The term monogamy is used to describe for different relationships.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Biologists, biological anthropologists, and behavioral ecologists often use the term monogamy in the sense of sexual, if not genetic, monogamy.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Modern biological researchers, using the theory of evolution, approach human monogamy as the same in human and non-human animal species.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamous pairing in animals refers to the natural history of mating systems in which species pair bond to raise offspring.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ This is associated, usually implicitly, with sexual monogamy.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamy is defined as a pair bond between those of the same species.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ This pair may cohabitate in an area or territory for some duration of time, and in some cases may copulate and reproduce with only each other.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamy can be partitioned into two categories, social monogamy and genetic monogamy which may occur together in some combination, or completely independently of one another.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ As an example the cichlid species \"Variabilichromis moorii\" the monogamous pair will care for eggs and young together, but the eggs may not all be fertilized by the male giving the care.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ Polyamory (from Greek ', \"many, several\", and Latin ', \"love\") is the practice of, or desire for, intimate relationships with more than one partner, with the knowledge of all partners.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ It has been described as \"consensual, ethical, and responsible non-monogamy\".", "Polyamory __knowledge__ People who identify as polyamorous reject the view that sexual and relational exclusivity are necessary for deep, committed, long-term loving relationships.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ Polyamorous arrangements are varied, reflecting the choices and philosophies of the individuals involved, but with recurring themes or values, such as love, intimacy, honesty, integrity, equality, communication, and commitment.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Infidelity (synonyms include: cheating, adultery (when married), netorare (NTR), being unfaithful, or having an affair) is a violation of a couple's assumed or stated contract regarding emotional and/or sexual exclusivity.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Other scholars define infidelity as a violation according to the subjective feeling that one's partner has violated a set of rules or relationship norms; this violation results in feelings of sexual jealousy and rivalry.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ What constitutes an act of infidelity depends upon the exclusivity expectations within the relationship.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ In marital relationships, exclusivity expectations are commonly assumed although they are not always met.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms, including within the same species.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Common mating or reproductively motivated systems include monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygamy and promiscuity.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Other sexual behaviour may be reproductively motivated (e.g.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ sex apparently due to duress or coercion and situational sexual behaviour) or non-reproductively motivated (e.g.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ interspecific sexuality, sexual arousal from objects or places, sex with dead animals, homosexual sexual behaviour, bisexual sexual behaviour).", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ When animal sexual behaviour is reproductively motivated, it is often termed \"mating\" or \"copulation\"; for most non-human mammals, mating and copulation occur at oestrus (the most fertile period in the mammalian female's reproductive cycle), which increases the chances of successful impregnation.", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ Monogamous pairing refers to a general relationship between an adult male and an adult female for the purpose of sexual reproduction.", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ It is particularly common in birds, but there are examples of this occurrence in reptiles, invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and mammals.", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ Social monogamy in mammals is defined as a long term or sequential living arrangement between an adult male and an adult female (heterogeneous pair).", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ It should not be confused with genetic monogamy, which refers to two individuals who only reproduce with one another.", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ Social monogamy does not describe the sexual interactions or patterns of reproduction between monogamous pairs; rather it strictly refers to the patterns of their living conditions.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Grounds for divorce are regulations specifying the circumstances under which a person will be granted a divorce.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Each state in the United States has its own set of grounds.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ A person must state the reason they want a divorce at a divorce trial and be able to prove that this reason is well-founded.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Several states require that the couple must live apart for several months before being granted a divorce.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ However, living apart is not accepted as grounds for a divorce in many states.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ The United States allows a person to end a marriage by filing for a divorce on the grounds of either fault or no fault.", "Personality clash __knowledge__ A personality clash occurs when two (or more) people find themselves in conflict not over a particular issue or incident, but due to a fundamental incompatibility in their personalities, their approaches to things, or their style of life.", "Personality clash __knowledge__ A personality clash may occur in work-related, family-related, or social situations.", "Personality clash __knowledge__ Carl Jung saw the polarity of extraversion and introversion as a major potential cause of personality conflicts in everyday life, as well as underlying many past intellectual and philosophical disputes.", "Personality clash __knowledge__ He also opposed thinking and feeling types, intuitive and sensation types, as potential sources of misunderstanding between people; while other typologies can and have been developed since.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Born in Kent to an Anglo-Irish family, he saw brief service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, before becoming a cavalry officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ He achieved rapid promotion and distinguished himself on the Gordon Relief Expedition.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ French had a considerable reputation as a womaniser throughout his life and his career nearly ended when he was cited in the divorce of a brother officer whilst in India in the early 1890s.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ \"Third Watch\" is an American television drama series which first aired on NBC from 1999 to 2005, and followed the lives of an ensemble cast of characters portraying police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY).", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ Maurice Louis \"Bosco\" Boscorelli is a fictional NYPD police officer on the television series \"Third Watch\"; he was portrayed by Jason Wiles.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ 'Bosco' was one of the few cast members to stay on the show for its entire six season run.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ As an officer, Bosco tends to behave in the ‘cowboy’ stereotype, what with constantly ignoring \"boring\" calls in favor of wanting top jobs to play \"super cop\" on.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Polygamy (from Late Greek , \"polygamía\", \"state of marriage to many spouses\") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, sociologists call this polygyny.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called a group marriage.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In contrast, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Like \"monogamy\", the term \"polygamy\" is often used in a \"de facto\" sense, applied regardless of whether the state recognises the relationship.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use \"polygamy\" in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "List of The Larry Sanders Show characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"The Larry Sanders Show\" characters.", "List of The Larry Sanders Show characters __knowledge__ References below to a crew position are references to the occupation of these fictional characters on the show-within-a-show, which also is named \"The Larry Sanders Show\".", "List of The Larry Sanders Show characters __knowledge__ Lawrence \"Larry\" Sanders (born December 19, 1950 in Mound, Minnesota, and a graduate of the University of Minnesota), played by Garry Shandling, is the host of \"The Larry Sanders Show\", a late-night talk show that has been on the air since 1987, airing at 11:30 PM, five days a week, on an unnamed network.", "List of The Larry Sanders Show characters __knowledge__ He is 42 years old (as of the 1993 episode \"The Breakdown (Part One)\"), then 43 years old (as of the 1993 episode \"Larry's Birthday\").", "Bruce Benderson __knowledge__ Bruce Benderson (born August 6, 1946) is an American author, born to Jewish parents of Russian descent, who lives in New York.", "Bruce Benderson __knowledge__ He attended William Nottingham High School (1964) in Syracuse, New York and then Binghamton University (1969).", "Bruce Benderson __knowledge__ He is today a novelist, essayist, journalist and translator, widely published in France, less so in the United States.", "Bruce Benderson __knowledge__ In 2004, Benderson's lengthy erotic memoir \"Autobiographie érotique\", about a nine-month sojourn in Romania, won the prestigious French literary prize, the Prix de Flore.", "Bruce Benderson __knowledge__ The book was published in the United States (Tarcher/Penguin) and the United Kingdom (Snow Books) in 2006 under the title \"\".", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ \"Arrested Development\" is an American television sitcom that originally aired on the Fox network from November 2, 2003 to February 10, 2006.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ Created by Mitchell Hurwitz, the show centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and is presented in a continuous format, incorporating hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos, and historical footage.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ The series stars Jason Bateman, Portia de Rossi, Will Arnett, Michael Cera, Alia Shawkat, Tony Hale, David Cross, Jeffrey Tambor, and Jessica Walter.", "List of Two and a Half Men characters __knowledge__ The American sitcom \"Two and a Half Men\", created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Lee Aronsohn, premiered on CBS on September 22, 2003.", "List of Two and a Half Men characters __knowledge__ The show initially centers on seven characters: brothers Charlie and Alan Harper; Jake Harper, the dimwitted son of Alan and his first ex-wife; Judith Harper-Melnick, Alan's first ex-wife, Herb's ex-wife, and Jake and Milly's mother; Rose, one of Charlie's previous one night stands who continuously stalks him; Evelyn Harper, Charlie and Alan's wealthy, five time widowed, bisexual mother, and Jake's grandmother; and last of all, Berta, Charlie's sharp-tongued housekeeper, who later joins the main cast starting with season two after playing a major recurring role throughout the first season.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Indian termination policy __knowledge__ Indian termination was the policy of the United States from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s.", "Indian termination policy __knowledge__ It was shaped by a series of laws and policies with the intent of assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American society.", "Indian termination policy __knowledge__ Assimilation was not new.", "Indian termination policy __knowledge__ The belief that indigenous people should abandon their traditional lives and become \"civilized\" had been the basis of policy for centuries.", "Indian termination policy __knowledge__ But what was new was the sense of urgency, that with or without consent, tribes must be terminated and begin to live \"as Americans\".", "Indian termination policy __knowledge__ To that end, Congress set about ending the special relationship between tribes and the federal government.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002)." ] ]

[ 5, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "I'm so sorry! Yes, divorce can be tough! Quite often it is a result of a personality clash, and sometimes sexual incompatibility", "Oh wow, that's terrible! It seems your ex wives didn't take the responsibilities of marriage seriously!", "I'm sure there is! You just need to be patient! You don't want to jump into anything and end up with another termination of a marriage!", "Well hey, why not! LOL but seriously though, there is nothing fun about a dissolution of marriage, especially when children are involved - free Britannicas aren't worth the pain!" ]

[ "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce" ]

[ "Piano\nI like to play the piano. I've been playing for the last couple years now, but I'm not the best.", "Who is your favorite musician on the piano?", "Who is Freddie Keppard? I don't think I've ever heard of him.", "What are some famous songs or music Freddie Keppard has done?", "Do you know of any other famous jazz musicians?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Sava __knowledge__ The Sava (, , ) is a river in Central and Southeastern Europe, a right tributary of the Danube.", "Sava __knowledge__ It flows through Slovenia, Croatia, along the northern border of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and through Serbia, discharging into the Danube in Belgrade.", "Sava __knowledge__ Its central part is a natural border of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia.", "Sava __knowledge__ The Sava forms the northern border of the Balkan Peninsula, and the southern edge of the Pannonian Plain.", "Sava __knowledge__ The Sava is long, including the Sava Dolinka headwater rising in Zelenci, Slovenia.", "Sava __knowledge__ It is the greatest tributary of the Danube by volume of water, and second-largest after Tisza in terms of catchment area () and length.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Steve Adams (musician) __knowledge__ Steven Rue Adams (born January 16, 1975) is a California-based American bassist and co-founder of San Francisco rock/pop/jamband Animal Liberation Orchestra (ALO) and current bassist for Nicki Bluhm & The Gramblers.", "Steve Adams (musician) __knowledge__ In addition to his work with ALO, Steve has toured and recorded with many other musicians.", "Steve Adams (musician) __knowledge__ Recording credits include Jack Johnson, Tim Bluhm, Nicki Bluhm, Zach Gill, Forest Sun, John Craigie and Big Light.", "Steve Adams (musician) __knowledge__ Touring credits include Brett Dennen, Sara Bareilles, Tea Leaf Green, Laurie Lewis and Matt Costa.", "Steve Adams (musician) __knowledge__ Steve was born in San Jose, and has been in California most of his life.", "Steve Adams (musician) __knowledge__ He lived in Germany for a couple years where his little brother was born.", "Victor Herbert __knowledge__ Victor August Herbert (February 1, 1859 – May 26, 1924) was an Irish-born, German-raised American composer, cellist and conductor.", "Victor Herbert __knowledge__ Although Herbert enjoyed important careers as a cello soloist and conductor, he is best known for composing many successful operettas that premiered on Broadway from the 1890s to World War I.", "Victor Herbert __knowledge__ He was also prominent among the tin pan alley composers and was later a founder of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).", "Victor Herbert __knowledge__ A prolific composer, Herbert produced two operas, a cantata, 43 operettas, incidental music to 10 plays, 31 compositions for orchestra, nine band compositions, nine cello compositions, five violin compositions with piano or orchestra, 22 piano compositions and numerous songs, choral compositions and orchestrations of works by other composers, among other music.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ Rotnei Clarke (born July 20, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for the Illawarra Hawks of the National Basketball League (NBL).", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He played college basketball for the University of Arkansas and Butler University before beginning his professional career in Australia with the Wollongong Hawks.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ In his rookie season, he was named the NBL's Most Valuable Player.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He went on to play in Belgium and Germany before returning to the Hawks in 2016.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He can play both point guard and shooting guard, and is known for his three-point shooting ability.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ During high school, Clarke's sharp shooting and chase for the Oklahoma high-school scoring record attracted large crowds.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Season one of \"Ples sa zvezdama\" premiered on March 29, 2014.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Ten pairs will participate.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Milojko Pantić and Tamara Paunović were confirmed by Prva on March 9, 2014, while Lena Bogdanović and Niggor were confirmed two days later.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ On March 12, 2014, Prva announced that Saša Vidić and Katarina Šišmanović will also be in the competition.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Nikolija Jovanović and Ivan Mihailović were announced on March 13, 2014.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ On March 14, 2014, Prva said actress Tanja Bošković will also be in the competition.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Prva announced four judges: Nikola Mandić, Marija Prelević, Aleksandar Josipović and Konstantin Kostjukov.", "Jack Melick __knowledge__ John T. \"Jack\" Melick (born December 21, 1929) is an American bandleader, pianist, and arranger.", "Jack Melick __knowledge__ Jack Melick was born and raised in North Plainfield, New Jersey.", "Jack Melick __knowledge__ Like most American children of his era, piano lessons were an early part of his education.", "Jack Melick __knowledge__ His mother was a school teacher and his father was an insurance salesman; both recognized his early interest and talent as a musician and encouraged his pursuit of a musical life.", "Jack Melick __knowledge__ He proclaimed his intention to become a band leader at the age of 7, and has spent more than 65 years as an active band leader and pianist.", "Jack Melick __knowledge__ Raised on the Great American Songbook of the 1930s and 1940s, he became immersed in the jazz and big band cultures of his youth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Singing News Fan Awards for Favorite Musician __knowledge__ The Favorite Musician award is awarded yearly in the Singing News Fan Awards ceremony to honor the musician Singing News magazine readers select as their favorite that year.", "Singing News Fan Awards for Favorite Musician __knowledge__ The award was instituted in the 1971 Fan Awards and included all musicians.", "Singing News Fan Awards for Favorite Musician __knowledge__ It was renamed Favorite SG Instrumentalist in 1989, the tenth and final year Anthony Burger won the award.", "Singing News Fan Awards for Favorite Musician __knowledge__ In 1990, the award was renamed in Burger's honor, as the Favorite Instrumentalist / Anthony Burger Award.", "Singing News Fan Awards for Favorite Musician __knowledge__ As part of this change, Burger handed out but was no longer eligible to win the award.", "Singing News Fan Awards for Favorite Musician __knowledge__ In the 1997 awards, the category was split into two.", "Song One __knowledge__ Song One is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Kate Barker-Froyland at her directorial debut.", "Song One __knowledge__ The film follows Franny Ellis (Anne Hathaway), an anthropology student who returns to New York City after her estranged brother, Henry (Ben Rosenfield), a musician, enters a coma; to revive Henry and repair their relationship, Franny uses her anthropologist instincts.", "Song One __knowledge__ After attending a concert by Henry's favorite musician, James Forester (Johnny Flynn), Franny shares her brother's story with James, who comes to the hospital to play at Henry's bedside.", "Song One __knowledge__ The film premiered in the U.S.", "Song One __knowledge__ Dramatic Competition at the 30th Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2014, and opened in the United States on January 23, 2015, to mixed reviews from critics.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ This is a list of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ Cataloging Dussek's compositions has a history of its own.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ Dussek's oeuvre has historically been difficult to organize, due in part to the number of publishers who originally published his work, and to the fact that some of his works were published by more than one publisher.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ Some works published by different publishers were assigned different opus numbers; sometimes different works were given then same opus number by different publishers.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ Dussek further complicated this by arranging works for different instrument combinations.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ The Artaria Company published a thematic catalog of his works that is incomplete, prompting Howard Craw to develop a new thematic catalog in 1964.", "Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark) __knowledge__ Historisk Tidsskrift is a Danish history journal established in 1840.", "Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark) __knowledge__ It is the oldest extant national journal for history.", "Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark) __knowledge__ \"Historisk Tidsskrift\" was founded in 1840.", "Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark) __knowledge__ The Danish Historical Association is the owner of the magazine.", "Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark) __knowledge__ The magazine is currently published in two fascicles each year.", "Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark) __knowledge__ The first editor was Christian Molbech.", "Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark) __knowledge__ Since 1973, it has always had two editors.", "Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark) __knowledge__ List of magazines in Denmark", "Anne Hathaway __knowledge__ Anne Jacqueline Hathaway (born November 12, 1982) is an American actress and singer.", "Anne Hathaway __knowledge__ One of the world's highest-paid actresses in 2015, she has received multiple awards, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, a British Academy Film Award and a Primetime Emmy.", "Anne Hathaway __knowledge__ Her films have earned $6.4 billion worldwide, and she appeared in the \"Forbes\" Celebrity 100 in 2009.", "Anne Hathaway __knowledge__ Hathaway graduated from Millburn High School in New Jersey, where she acted in several plays, including \"Once Upon a Mattress\".", "Anne Hathaway __knowledge__ As a teenager, she was cast in the television series \"Get Real\" (1999–2000), and made her breakthrough as the protagonist in her debut film, the Disney comedy \"The Princess Diaries\" (2001).", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Freddie Keppard (sometimes rendered as Freddy Keppard) (February 27, 1889 – July 15, 1933) was an early jazz cornetist who once held the title of \"King\" in the New Orleans jazz scene.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ This title was previously held by Buddy Bolden and succeeded by Joe Oliver.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Keppard (pronounced in the French fashion, with relatively even accentuation and a silent \"d\") was born in the Creole of Color community of downtown New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Born in 1889, Freddie Keppard was Buddy Bolden’s junior by thirteen years and Louis Armstrong’s senior by eleven years.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Keppard’s father, Louis Keppard (Sr.), had been a New Orleans man and had worked as a cook in the Vieux Café until his early death.", "Art Tatum __knowledge__ Arthur Tatum Jr. (, October 13, 1909 – November 5, 1956) was an American jazz pianist.", "Art Tatum __knowledge__ Tatum is widely considered one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time.", "Art Tatum __knowledge__ His performances were hailed for their technical proficiency and creativity, which set a new standard for jazz piano virtuosity.", "Art Tatum __knowledge__ Critic Scott Yanow wrote, \"Tatum's quick reflexes and boundless imagination kept his improvisations filled with fresh (and sometimes futuristic) ideas that put him way ahead of his contemporaries.\"", "Art Tatum __knowledge__ For a musician of such stature, there is little published information available about Tatum's life.", "Art Tatum __knowledge__ Only one full-length biography has been published, \"Too Marvelous for Words\" (1994), by James Lester.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "String instrument __knowledge__ String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.", "String instrument __knowledge__ Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow.", "String instrument __knowledge__ In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord , the musician presses a key that plucks the string.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a mechanical wheel that rubs the strings.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed, and sometimes plucked, string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.", "Cello __knowledge__ The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C, G, D and A, an octave lower than the viola.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the bass member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some types of rock bands.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest and having the lowest (deepest) pitch.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ It is an acoustical wooden guitar with strings made of nylon, rather than the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the soundhole (this is called the classical position).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Freddie Keppard (sometimes rendered as Freddy Keppard) (February 27, 1889 – July 15, 1933) was an early jazz cornetist who once held the title of \"King\" in the New Orleans jazz scene.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ This title was previously held by Buddy Bolden and succeeded by Joe Oliver.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Keppard (pronounced in the French fashion, with relatively even accentuation and a silent \"d\") was born in the Creole of Color community of downtown New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Born in 1889, Freddie Keppard was Buddy Bolden’s junior by thirteen years and Louis Armstrong’s senior by eleven years.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Keppard’s father, Louis Keppard (Sr.), had been a New Orleans man and had worked as a cook in the Vieux Café until his early death.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ Jimmie Noone (April 23, 1895 – April 19, 1944) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ After beginning his career in New Orleans he led Jimmie Noone's Apex Club Orchestra, an influential Chicago band that recorded for Vocalion and Decca Records.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ Maurice Ravel acknowledged basing his \"Boléro\" on a Jimmie Noone improvisation.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ At the time of his death Noone had his own quartet in Los Angeles and was part of an all-star band that was an important force in reviving interest in traditional New Orleans jazz in the 1940s.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ Jimmie Noone was born April 23, 1895, on a farm in Cut Off, Louisiana, to Lucinda (née Daggs) and James Noone.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ Sidney Bechet (May 14, 1897 – May 14, 1959) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, beating trumpeter Louis Armstrong to the recording studio by several months.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ Bechet was born in New Orleans in 1897 to a middle-class Creole of color family.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ His older brother, Leonard Victor Bechet, was a full-time dentist and a part-time trombonist and bandleader.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ Sidney learned to play several musical instruments kept around the house, mostly by teaching himself; he decided to specialize in the clarinet.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ George Francis Baquet (July 22, 1881 – Jan. 14, 1949) was an American jazz clarinetist, known for his contributions to early jazz in New Orleans.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ His father, Theogene V. Baquet, eminent New Orleans musician and educator, was also a clarinetist, as were his brothers, Achille and Harold.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ (Hal Baquet was stabbed to death, and the murder was once thought to have been carried out by Clarence Williams.)", "George Baquet __knowledge__ Baquet's professional career began in 1897 while he was still in his early teens.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ He played in the Lyre Club Symphony Orchestra and then on the road with P. T. Wright's Nashville Students Company.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ He then joined the Georgia Minstrels, but returned to New Orleans in 1905, where he played with Buddy Bolden.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ The Olympia Orchestra was an American jazz dance band active in New Orleans from around 1906 into the late 1910s.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ The Olympia Orchestra was founded by Freddie Keppard, and typically held between five and seven members.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ The instrumentation usually consisted of cornet, trombone, clarinet, guitar or banjo, piano, tuba or double bass, and drums.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ This group established Keppard's reputation as a cornetist; when he left the group in 1914, A.J.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ Piron became its leader, and he added King Oliver as the group's cornetist.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ Under Keppard, the group's personnel included Joseph Petit, Alphonse Picou, Sidney Bechet, Louis Keppard and Ernest Trepagnier; under Piron, they included Zue Robertson, Clarence Williams, Billy Marrero (Lawrence Marrero's father), John Lindsay, and Louis Cottrell, Sr..", "Remedies in Singapore administrative law __knowledge__ The remedies available in Singapore administrative law are the prerogative orders – the mandatory order (formerly known as \"mandamus\"), prohibiting order (prohibition), quashing order (\"certiorari\"), and order for review of detention (\"habeas corpus\") – and the declaration, a form of equitable remedy.", "Remedies in Singapore administrative law __knowledge__ In Singapore, administrative law is the branch of law that enables a person to challenge an exercise of power by the executive branch of the Government.", "Remedies in Singapore administrative law __knowledge__ The challenge is carried out by applying to the High Court for judicial review.", "Remedies in Singapore administrative law __knowledge__ The Court's power to review a law or an official act of a government official is part of its supervisory jurisdiction, and at its fullest may involve quashing an action or decision and ordering that it be redone or remade.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ Louis Keppard (February 2, 1888, New Orleans – February 18, 1986, New Orleans) was an American jazz guitarist and tubist.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ He was the brother of Freddie Keppard.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ Louis played in the Cherry Blossom Band and then led his own group, the Magnolia Band, which included King Oliver and Honore Dutrey among its members.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ He played with Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Brass Band and Manuel Perez, and following this with the Olympia Orchestra alongside Freddie.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ In 1917 he moved briefly to Chicago but returned soon after.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ He played in several brass bands in New Orleans as an alto hornist and guitarist from the 1920s through the 1950s, including in the Gibson Brass Band and the Young Excelsior Brass Band.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The Nickelodeon sitcom \"iCarly\" centers on Carly Shay, who creates her own web show with her best friends Sam and Freddie.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series stars Miranda Cosgrove as Carly, Jennette McCurdy as Sam, Nathan Kress as Freddie, Jerry Trainor as Spencer, and Noah Munck as Gibby.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series was created by Dan Schneider, who also serves as executive producer.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carlotta \"Carly\" Shay (Miranda Cosgrove) starts as a 13-year-old girl who lives with her older brother, Spencer Shay, in Seattle, Washington.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ They live in the Bushwell Plaza apartment building.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carly's best friends are Sam Puckett, Freddie Benson (who lives in the same apartment building), and Gibby Gibson.", "Jazz guitarist __knowledge__ Jazz guitarists are guitarists who play jazz using an approach to chords, melodies, and improvised solo lines which is called jazz guitar playing.", "Jazz guitarist __knowledge__ The guitar has fulfilled the roles of accompanist (rhythm guitar) and soloist in small and large ensembles and also as an unaccompanied solo instrument.", "Jazz guitarist __knowledge__ Until the 1930s, jazz bands used banjo in part because the banjo's metallic twang was more audible than the acoustic guitar when competing with trumpets, trombones, and drums.", "Jazz guitarist __knowledge__ The banjo could be heard more easily, too, on wax cylinders in the early days of audio recording.", "Jazz guitarist __knowledge__ The invention of the archtop increased the guitar's volume, and in the hands of Eddie Lang guitar became a solo instrument for the first time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Freddie Keppard (sometimes rendered as Freddy Keppard) (February 27, 1889 – July 15, 1933) was an early jazz cornetist who once held the title of \"King\" in the New Orleans jazz scene.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ This title was previously held by Buddy Bolden and succeeded by Joe Oliver.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Keppard (pronounced in the French fashion, with relatively even accentuation and a silent \"d\") was born in the Creole of Color community of downtown New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Born in 1889, Freddie Keppard was Buddy Bolden’s junior by thirteen years and Louis Armstrong’s senior by eleven years.", "Freddie Keppard __knowledge__ Keppard’s father, Louis Keppard (Sr.), had been a New Orleans man and had worked as a cook in the Vieux Café until his early death.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ Jimmie Noone (April 23, 1895 – April 19, 1944) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ After beginning his career in New Orleans he led Jimmie Noone's Apex Club Orchestra, an influential Chicago band that recorded for Vocalion and Decca Records.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ Maurice Ravel acknowledged basing his \"Boléro\" on a Jimmie Noone improvisation.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ At the time of his death Noone had his own quartet in Los Angeles and was part of an all-star band that was an important force in reviving interest in traditional New Orleans jazz in the 1940s.", "Jimmie Noone __knowledge__ Jimmie Noone was born April 23, 1895, on a farm in Cut Off, Louisiana, to Lucinda (née Daggs) and James Noone.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ Sidney Bechet (May 14, 1897 – May 14, 1959) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, beating trumpeter Louis Armstrong to the recording studio by several months.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ Bechet was born in New Orleans in 1897 to a middle-class Creole of color family.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ His older brother, Leonard Victor Bechet, was a full-time dentist and a part-time trombonist and bandleader.", "Sidney Bechet __knowledge__ Sidney learned to play several musical instruments kept around the house, mostly by teaching himself; he decided to specialize in the clarinet.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ The Olympia Orchestra was an American jazz dance band active in New Orleans from around 1906 into the late 1910s.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ The Olympia Orchestra was founded by Freddie Keppard, and typically held between five and seven members.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ The instrumentation usually consisted of cornet, trombone, clarinet, guitar or banjo, piano, tuba or double bass, and drums.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ This group established Keppard's reputation as a cornetist; when he left the group in 1914, A.J.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ Piron became its leader, and he added King Oliver as the group's cornetist.", "Olympia Orchestra __knowledge__ Under Keppard, the group's personnel included Joseph Petit, Alphonse Picou, Sidney Bechet, Louis Keppard and Ernest Trepagnier; under Piron, they included Zue Robertson, Clarence Williams, Billy Marrero (Lawrence Marrero's father), John Lindsay, and Louis Cottrell, Sr..", "George Baquet __knowledge__ George Francis Baquet (July 22, 1881 – Jan. 14, 1949) was an American jazz clarinetist, known for his contributions to early jazz in New Orleans.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ His father, Theogene V. Baquet, eminent New Orleans musician and educator, was also a clarinetist, as were his brothers, Achille and Harold.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ (Hal Baquet was stabbed to death, and the murder was once thought to have been carried out by Clarence Williams.)", "George Baquet __knowledge__ Baquet's professional career began in 1897 while he was still in his early teens.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ He played in the Lyre Club Symphony Orchestra and then on the road with P. T. Wright's Nashville Students Company.", "George Baquet __knowledge__ He then joined the Georgia Minstrels, but returned to New Orleans in 1905, where he played with Buddy Bolden.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ Louis Keppard (February 2, 1888, New Orleans – February 18, 1986, New Orleans) was an American jazz guitarist and tubist.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ He was the brother of Freddie Keppard.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ Louis played in the Cherry Blossom Band and then led his own group, the Magnolia Band, which included King Oliver and Honore Dutrey among its members.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ He played with Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Brass Band and Manuel Perez, and following this with the Olympia Orchestra alongside Freddie.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ In 1917 he moved briefly to Chicago but returned soon after.", "Louis Keppard __knowledge__ He played in several brass bands in New Orleans as an alto hornist and guitarist from the 1920s through the 1950s, including in the Gibson Brass Band and the Young Excelsior Brass Band.", "Remedies in Singapore administrative law __knowledge__ The remedies available in Singapore administrative law are the prerogative orders – the mandatory order (formerly known as \"mandamus\"), prohibiting order (prohibition), quashing order (\"certiorari\"), and order for review of detention (\"habeas corpus\") – and the declaration, a form of equitable remedy.", "Remedies in Singapore administrative law __knowledge__ In Singapore, administrative law is the branch of law that enables a person to challenge an exercise of power by the executive branch of the Government.", "Remedies in Singapore administrative law __knowledge__ The challenge is carried out by applying to the High Court for judicial review.", "Remedies in Singapore administrative law __knowledge__ The Court's power to review a law or an official act of a government official is part of its supervisory jurisdiction, and at its fullest may involve quashing an action or decision and ordering that it be redone or remade.", "Bix Beiderbecke __knowledge__ Leon Bismark \"Bix\" Beiderbecke (March 10, 1903 – August 6, 1931) was an American jazz cornetist, pianist, and composer.", "Bix Beiderbecke __knowledge__ With Louis Armstrong and Muggsy Spanier, Beiderbecke was one of the most influential jazz soloists of the 1920s.", "Bix Beiderbecke __knowledge__ His turns on \"Singin' the Blues\" and \"I'm Coming, Virginia\" (both 1927), in particular, demonstrated an unusual purity of tone and a gift for improvisation.", "Bix Beiderbecke __knowledge__ With these two recordings, especially, he helped to invent the jazz ballad style and hinted at what, in the 1950s, would become cool jazz.", "Bix Beiderbecke __knowledge__ \"In a Mist\" (1927), one of a handful of his piano compositions and one of only two he recorded, mixed classical (Impressionist) influences with jazz syncopation.", "Ed Polcer __knowledge__ Ed Polcer (born February 10, 1937 in Paterson, New Jersey) is an American jazz cornetist, bandleader, festival director, club owner, and mentor of young musicians.", "Ed Polcer __knowledge__ He has been described as a \"melodic mellow-toned cornetist with an unforced delivery\".", "Ed Polcer __knowledge__ Polcer started leading jazz bands while attending Princeton University.", "Ed Polcer __knowledge__ While at Princeton studying engineering, he was headed toward a promising career as a professional baseball player.", "Ed Polcer __knowledge__ During that time, he was asked to play at the wedding of Princess Grace and Prince Rainier in Monaco, as well as a concert in Carnegie Hall.", "Ed Polcer __knowledge__ He chose music over baseball.", "Glenn Miller discography __knowledge__ In addition to leading bands and playing the trombone, Glenn Miller composed music or lyrics to a number of songs.", "Glenn Miller discography __knowledge__ These and others were recorded by Miller with his pre-war civilian bands and his Army Air Force band.", "Glenn Miller discography __knowledge__ Glenn Miller composed the music to \"Moonlight Serenade\" in 1935, with official lyrics added later by Mitchell Parish after two other sets of lyrics were written.", "Glenn Miller discography __knowledge__ \"Moonlight Serenade\" was Glenn Miller's theme for his radio programs between 1939 and 1942 (except for a brief period in 1941).", "Glenn Miller discography __knowledge__ This song has been covered from artists as diverse as Frank Sinatra to Barry Manilow.", "Glenn Miller discography __knowledge__ Also include folk rock singer Carly Simon jazz musician and Quartet West leader Charlie Haden, television and Broadway performer Carol Burnett (see the Artie Malvin reference at the end of the article), the doo-wop group The Rivieras, Toots Thielemans, Kurt Elling, jazz guitarist Bucky Pizzarelli, Bobby Vinton, Deodato, Count Basie and his Orchestra, Gene Krupa and his Orchestra, the Boston Pops with Arthur Fiedler, John Williams, and Keith Lockhart, each conducting during their tenures with the orchestra.", "Hugh Masekela __knowledge__ Hugh Ramapolo Masekela (4 April 1939 – 23 January 2018) was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, composer and singer.", "Hugh Masekela __knowledge__ He has been described as \"the father of South African jazz.\"", "Hugh Masekela __knowledge__ Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and for writing well-known anti-apartheid songs such as \"Soweto Blues\" and \"Bring Him Back Home\".", "Hugh Masekela __knowledge__ He also had a number 1 US pop hit in 1968 with his version of \"Grazing in the Grass\".", "Hugh Masekela __knowledge__ Masekela was born in KwaGuqa Township, Witbank, South Africa to Thomas Selena Masekela, who was a health inspector and sculptor and his wife, Pauline Bowers Masekela, a social worker.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Neil Slater __knowledge__ Neil Slater \"(né\" Kenneth Neil Slater; born 1931 Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania) is an American music educator and former music school administrator at the university level, composer, Grammy-nominated arranger, and jazz pianist.", "Neil Slater __knowledge__ In 2008 — after years as a full-time music educator, 38 at the university level, his last at the University of North Texas College of Music as Chair of Jazz Studies and Director of the One O'Clock Lab Band — Slater retired as Professor Emeritus.", "Neil Slater __knowledge__ He has composed over 80 works for jazz ensemble and has also written for symphony, mixed chamber groups, a cappella choir, opera, and musical theatre." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Jazz in Belgium __knowledge__ The history of jazz in Belgium starts with the Dinant instrument maker Adolphe Sax, whose saxophone became part of military bands in New Orleans around 1900 and would develop into the jazz instrument par excellence.", "Jazz in Belgium __knowledge__ From then on the early history of jazz in Belgium virtually runs parallel to developments in the country of the birth of jazz, from the minstrel shows in the late 19th century until the first Belgian jazz album in 1927 and beyond.", "Jazz in Belgium __knowledge__ Two important people in Belgium largely influenced the development of jazz in those early years: Félix-Robert Faecq and Robert Goffin.", "Jazz in Belgium __knowledge__ The Belgian jazz history yielded many internationally known jazz musicians and composers such as the harmonica player and guitarist Toots Thielemans, guitarist Philip Catherine and the gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt.", "Australian jazz __knowledge__ Jazz music has a long history in Australia.", "Australian jazz __knowledge__ Over the years jazz has held a high-profile at local clubs, festivals and other music venues and a vast number of recordings have been produced by Australian jazz musicians, many of whom have gone on to gain a high profile in the international jazz arena.", "Australian jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is an American musical genre originated by African Americans but the style was rapidly and enthusiastically taken up by musicians all over the world, including Australia.", "Australian jazz __knowledge__ Jazz and jazz-influenced syncopated dance music was being performed in Australia within a year of the emergence of jazz as a definable musical genre in the United States.", "Jazz in Germany __knowledge__ An overview of the evolution of Jazz music in Germany reveals that the development of jazz in Germany and its public notice differ from the \"motherland\" of jazz, the USA, in several respects.", "Jazz in Germany __knowledge__ One of the first books with the word \"jazz\" in the title originates from Germany.", "Jazz in Germany __knowledge__ In his book \"Jazz - Eine Musikalische Zeitfrage\" (Jazz - A Musical Issue) of 1927, Paul Bernhard relates the term Jazz to a specific dance.", "Jazz in Germany __knowledge__ When dancer Josephine Baker visited Berlin in 1925, she found it dazzling.", "Jazz in Germany __knowledge__ \"The city had a jewel-like sparkle,\" she said, \"the vast cafés reminded me of ocean liners powered by the rhythms of their orchestras.", "Free jazz __knowledge__ Free jazz is an approach to jazz music that was first developed in the 1950s and 60s as musicians attempted to alter, extend, or break down jazz convention, often by discarding fixed chord changes or tempos.", "Free jazz __knowledge__ Though the music of free jazz composers varied widely, a common feature was dissatisfaction with the limitations of bebop, hard bop, and modal jazz that had developed in the 1940s and 50s.", "Free jazz __knowledge__ Often described as avant-garde, free jazz has also been described as an attempt to return jazz to its primitive, often religious, roots and emphasis on collective improvisation.", "Free jazz __knowledge__ As its name implies, free jazz cannot be defined more than loosely, as many musicians draw on free jazz concepts and idioms, and it was never completely distinct as a genre.", "St. Albans, Queens __knowledge__ St. Albans is a residential middle class community in the New York City borough of Queens centered on the intersection of Linden Boulevard and Farmers Boulevard, about two miles north of JFK Airport.", "St. Albans, Queens __knowledge__ It is southeast of Jamaica, west of Cambria Heights, north of Springfield Gardens, and northwest of Laurelton.", "St. Albans, Queens __knowledge__ The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 12, and is served by the St. Albans Post Office, ZIP Code 11412.", "St. Albans, Queens __knowledge__ The population within the ZIP code, according to the 2010 census, was 34,882a decline of 7% from the 37,452 of 2000.", "St. Albans, Queens __knowledge__ The small western enclave of Addisleigh Park is a U.S. historic district where many notable African Americans have lived, including Jackie Robinson, W. E. B.", "Ethno jazz __knowledge__ Ethno Jazz, also known as World Jazz, is a subgenre of jazz and world music, developed internationally in the 1950s and 60s and broadly characterized by a combination of traditional jazz and non-Western musical elements.", "Ethno jazz __knowledge__ Though occasionally equaled to or considered the successor of world music, an independent meaning of ethno jazz emerged around 1990 through the commercial success of ethnic music via globalization, which especially observed a Western focus on Asian musical interpretations.", "Ethno jazz __knowledge__ The origin of ethno jazz has widely been credited to John Coltrane.", "Ethno jazz __knowledge__ Notable examples of ethno jazz include the emergence of jazz through New Orleanian and Cuban exchange, Afro-Cuban jazz of the 1940s and 50s, and the Arabic influence present in some American jazz from the 1950s and 60s.", "War of the currents __knowledge__ The war of the currents (sometimes called battle of the currents) was a series of events surrounding the introduction of competing electric power transmission systems in the late 1880s and early 1890s.", "War of the currents __knowledge__ It included commercial competition, a debate over electrical safety, and a media/propaganda campaign that grew out of it, with the main players being the direct current (DC) based Edison Electric Light Company and the alternating current (AC) based Westinghouse Electric Company.", "War of the currents __knowledge__ It took place during the introduction and rapid expansion of the alternating current standard (already in use and advocated by several US and European companies) and its eventual adoption over the direct current distribution system.", "Fred Dunlap __knowledge__ Frederick C. \"Sure Shot\" Dunlap (May 21, 1859 – December 1, 1902) was a second baseman and manager in Major League Baseball from 1880 to 1891.", "Fred Dunlap __knowledge__ He was the highest paid player in Major League Baseball from 1884 to 1889.", "Fred Dunlap __knowledge__ He has also been rated by some contemporary and modern sources as the greatest overall second baseman of the 19th century.", "Fred Dunlap __knowledge__ He earned the nickname \"Sure Shot\" for the strength and accuracy of his throws to first base, and was also sometimes referred to in the 1880s as the \"King of Second Basemen.\"", "Fred Dunlap __knowledge__ He played for the Cleveland Blues from 1880 to 1883, where he secured his reputation as one of the best players in the game.", "Rudd Concession __knowledge__ The Rudd Concession, a written concession for exclusive mining rights in Matabeleland, Mashonaland and other adjoining territories in what is today Zimbabwe, was granted by King Lobengula of Matabeleland to Charles Rudd, James Rochfort Maguire and Francis Thompson, three agents acting on behalf of the South African-based politician and businessman Cecil Rhodes, on 30 October 1888.", "Rudd Concession __knowledge__ Despite Lobengula's retrospective attempts to disavow it, it proved the foundation for the royal charter granted by the United Kingdom to Rhodes's British South Africa Company in October 1889, and thereafter for the Pioneer Column's occupation of Mashonaland in 1890, which marked the beginning of white settlement, administration and development in the country that eventually became Rhodesia, named after Rhodes, in 1895.", "Sure Start __knowledge__ Sure Start is a UK Government area-based initiative, announced in 1998 by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, applying primarily in England with slightly different versions in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.", "Sure Start __knowledge__ The initiative originated from HM Treasury, with the aim of \"giving children the best possible start in life\" through improvement of childcare, early education, health and family support, with an emphasis on outreach and community development.", "Sure Start __knowledge__ Launched in 1998 Sure Start had similarities to the much older, and similarly named, Head Start programme in the United States and is also comparable to Australia Head Start and Ontario's Early Years Plan.", "Adolphus Frederic St. Sure __knowledge__ Adolphus Frederic St. Sure (March 9, 1869 – February 5, 1949) was an American judge.", "Adolphus Frederic St. Sure __knowledge__ He served as a United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of California for 22 years, until June 30, 1947.", "Adolphus Frederic St. Sure __knowledge__ St. Sure was the grandson of Adolph Fredrik St. Sure Von Lindsfelt, a physician, sometimes spelled \"Adolf Frederik Saint Sure\" or \"Lindsfeldt\", who was a former Swedish Army officer and Chamberlain to the Court of King Charles XIV John (Karl XIV Johan) and fled Sweden to avoid the judgment of a bankruptcy Court.", "Adolphus Frederic St. Sure __knowledge__ He adopted the name \"St. Cyr\", later anglicized to \"St. Sure\".", "Sure (company) __knowledge__ Sure, a trading brand of Batelco, is a telecommunications company in the Isle of Man, Jersey, Guernsey, the Falkland Islands, St. Helena, Ascension Island, and the British Indian Ocean Territory.", "Sure (company) __knowledge__ Sure is the largest tri-island mobile operator across the Channel Islands and Isle of Man.", "Sure (company) __knowledge__ The international division of Cable & Wireless plc bought Guernsey Telecoms from the States of Guernsey in 2002, rebranding as Sure in July 2007.", "Sure (company) __knowledge__ Cable & Wireless opened an office in Jersey in 2004, offering corporate telecoms products.", "Sure (company) __knowledge__ It launched the Sure brand along with mobile services in September 2006.", "Sure (company) __knowledge__ In the same year the company launched fixed line products (FirstDial Home and Business, later re-branded as SureDial Home & Business).", "The French Counts of St Hubert, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The French Counts settled in St. Hubert, Saskatchewan which was located on Pipestone Creek, south west of Whitewood, Saskatchewan.", "The French Counts of St Hubert, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The French Counts of St Hubert stayed in the area between 1884 and the early 1900s, before World War I. St. Hubert is classified presently as an unincorporated area means there are five or more dwellings establishing a settlement, and the civic government is administered by the rural municipality of Silverwood No.", "The French Counts of St Hubert, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ 123.", "The French Counts of St Hubert, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Dr. Rudolph Meyer was the initial European to arrive followed by others who established ranches in the vicinity of St. Hubert and Whitewood.", "The French Counts of St Hubert, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The French-speaking settlement of St. Hubert is atypical of the communities that developed in the wake of immigration into Western Canada." ] ]

[ 1, 37, 7, 10, 9 ]

[ "The piano is my favorite acoustic string instrument.", "I like Freddie Keppard, he plays jazz music.", "He is a jazz cornetist from the 1930s.", "I a not sure but he was born in 1889.", "I have not but I know it started in the 1920s." ]

[ "Piano", "Piano", "Piano", "Piano", "Piano" ]

[ "The Beatles\nI love The Beatles. Do you have a favorite song by them?", "Awesome. I'm a big fan of I Want To Hold Your Hand, personally.", "I agree, they are an amazing band. Do you have a favorite Beatles member?", "Ringo Starr is an amazing name, but my favorite Beatles member has got to be Paul McCartney. He's the best!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ \"Favorite Song\" is a song by American recording artist Colbie Caillat.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ It was written by Caillat and Ryan Tedder, and produced by Tedder and it features American rapper Common.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song was released as the third single from her third studio album \"All of You\" (2011).", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ it was released on May 8, 2012.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ Musically, the song is a guitar-driven pop, hip-hop jam, and the lyrics speak about being in love with someone and desiring that the person feels the same.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song is a metaphor for wanting to be the object of someone’s affection.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song received mixed reviews, some critics commended the track for having a \"summer and island vibe\", but some others dismissed Common's appearance and the chorus.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Ira Cara Cruz is a multi-awarded Filipino musician, composer and producer.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ He was a founding member of Filipino rock bands Hijo, Bamboo, Introvoys, Passage and Kapatid.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Introvoys was formed in 1986 by 3rd-G Cristobal, Paco Arespacochaga, and Jonathan Buencamino.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Their first album was a \"diamond in the rough\".", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ After two singles, Dyna Records, which was the band's label, was ready to drop them like a hot potato.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ However, fate had a different plan.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ \"However Which way\" which was the band's third single shot all the way to No.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ 1 in Metro Manila in just 2 weeks.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ After a month, the song became the country's No.", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ Revolver is the seventh studio album by the English rock band the Beatles.", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ Released on 5 August 1966, it was the Beatles' final recording project before their retirement as live performers and marked the group's most overt use of studio technology up to that time, building on the advances of their 1965 release \"Rubber Soul\".", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ The album's diverse sounds include tape loops and backwards recordings on the psychedelic \"Tomorrow Never Knows\", a classical string octet on \"Eleanor Rigby\", and Indian-music backing on \"Love You To\".", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ The album was reduced to eleven songs by Capitol Records in North America, where three of its tracks instead appeared on the June 1966 release \"Yesterday and Today\".", "George Harrison __knowledge__ George Harrison (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001) was an English guitarist, singer-songwriter, and producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ Often referred to as \"the quiet Beatle\", Harrison embraced Indian culture and helped broaden the scope of popular music through his incorporation of Indian instrumentation and Hindu-aligned spirituality in the Beatles' work.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ Although the majority of the band's songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contained at least two Harrison compositions.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ His songs for the group included \"Taxman\", \"Within You Without You\", \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\", \"Here Comes the Sun\" and \"Something\", the last of which became the Beatles' second-most covered song.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ All of You is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Colbie Caillat.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The album was scheduled to be released on May 3, 2011, but was pushed back by two months to a July 12, 2011 release in the United States through Universal Republic Records.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The set, largely produced by Greg Wells, features one guest appearance by rapper/actor Common, who graces \"Favorite Song\", while her songwriting collaborators include Ryan Tedder, Toby Gad, Jason Reeves and Rick Nowels.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The album's lead-single \"I Do\" was released on February 7, 2011 and has charted at number 23 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and at number 11 on the Adult Pop Songs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ Guardians of the Galaxy Vol.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2014's \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ The film is written and directed by James Gunn and stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt Russell.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ Gauntlgrym is a fantasy novel by American writer R. A. Salvatore set in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting; it is the first book in the Neverwinter Saga.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ Released in October 2010, it follows the continued adventures of drow elf renegade, Drizzt Do'Urden.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ This story is set 24 years after the end of \"Transitions: The Ghost King\".", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ \"Gauntlgrym\" begins in the year 1409, DR in the dwarven complex of Mithral Hall.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ King Bruenor Battlehammer, with Drizzt Do'Urden, sits on his throne and mourns over the loss of his friend Regis and his adoptive daughter Catti-brie nearly 24 years before.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ Both Companions of the Hall were lost to the deadly effects of the Spellplague.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the DreamWorks animated film media franchise \"Kung Fu Panda\", with their shorts and specials \"Secrets of the Furious Five\", \"Kung Fu Panda Holiday\", \"\", and \"\", as well as the video games and TV show \"\".", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The world of \"Kung Fu Panda\" is a fantasized version of ancient China as typically depicted in the wuxia film genre populated by anthropomorphized Asian animals where the martial arts can have magical qualities on top of extraordinary physical prowess for those sufficiently skilled.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ Master Po Ping (Chinese for \"Precious Peace\"), born Lotus Shan, is the titular protagonist of the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters who appear in the series Static Shock.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ Virgil Ovid Hawkins/Static (Phil LaMarr) He is an African-American 9th grade high school student in Dakota City.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ As a result of accidental exposure to an experimental mutagen in an event known as the Big Bang, he gained the ability to control and manipulate electromagnetism, and uses these powers to become a superhero named \"Static.\"", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ Countless others who were also exposed gained a wide variety of mutations and abilities, and Static spends much of his time dealing with these \"Bang Babies\", many of whom use their abilities in selfish, harmful, and even criminal ways.Virgil is named after the first African-American to go to law school (who was himself named for the Roman poets Virgil and Ovid).", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters is a 2013 dark fantasy action horror comedy film written and directed by Tommy Wirkola.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ It is a continuation to the German folklore fairy tale \"Hansel and Gretel\", in which the titular siblings are now grown up and working as a duo of witch exterminators for hire.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ The film stars Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton, Famke Janssen, Peter Stormare, Thomas Mann, Pihla Viitala and Derek Mears.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in March 2012, \"Hansel & Gretel\" was delayed for ten months to accommodate Renner's appearances in \"The Avengers\" and \"The Bourne Legacy\" and to give Wirkola time to shoot a post-credits scene.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 – June 29, 2003) was an American actress.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality, Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ She appeared in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received four Academy Awards—a record for any performer—for Best Actress.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Raised in Connecticut by wealthy, progressive parents, Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ After four years in the theatre, favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood.", "Neil Young __knowledge__ Neil Percival Young, (born November 12, 1945), is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter.", "Neil Young __knowledge__ After embarking on a music career in the 1960s, he moved to Los Angeles, where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others.", "Neil Young __knowledge__ Young had released two solo albums by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1969, in addition to three as a member of Buffalo Springfield.", "Neil Young __knowledge__ From his early solo albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums, sometimes warring with his recording company along the way.", "George Jones __knowledge__ George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American musician, singer and songwriter.", "George Jones __knowledge__ He achieved international fame for his long list of hit records, including his best known song \"He Stopped Loving Her Today\", as well as his distinctive voice and phrasing.", "George Jones __knowledge__ For the last twenty years of his life, Jones was frequently referred to as the greatest living country singer.", "George Jones __knowledge__ Country music scholar Bill Malone writes, \"For the two or three minutes consumed by a song, Jones immerses himself so completely in its lyrics, and in the mood it conveys, that the listener can scarcely avoid becoming similarly involved.\"", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Frankie Laine (born Francesco Paolo LoVecchio; March 30, 1913 – February 6, 2007) was an Italian American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spanned 75 years, from his first concerts in 1930 with a marathon dance company to his final performance of \"That's My Desire\" in 2005.", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Often billed as \"America's Number One Song Stylist\", his other nicknames include \"Mr.", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Rhythm\", \"Old Leather Lungs\", and \"Mr. Steel Tonsils\".", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ His hits included \"That's My Desire\", \"That Lucky Old Sun\", \"Mule Train\", \"Cry of the Wild Goose\", \"A Woman In Love\", \"Jezebel\", \"High Noon\", \"I Believe\", \"Hey Joe!", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ \", \"The Kid's Last Fight\", \"Cool Water\", \"Moonlight Gambler,\" \"Love Is a Golden Ring,\" \"Rawhide\", and \"Lord, You Gave Me a Mountain.\"", "Narseh __knowledge__ Narseh ( , Narsē, whose name is also sometimes written as Narses or Narseus) was the seventh Sasanian king of Ērānshahr (293–302).", "Narseh __knowledge__ He was the son of Shapur I (240–270).", "Narseh __knowledge__ During the rule of his father Shapur I, Narseh had served as the governor of Sakastan, Sindh and Turan.", "Narseh __knowledge__ Prior to becoming King of Persia, he held the title of \"Great King of Armenia\".", "Narseh __knowledge__ Narseh overthrew the increasingly unpopular Bahram III in 293 with the support of most of the nobility.", "Narseh __knowledge__ The circumstances of Narseh's rise to power are detailed in the Paikuli inscription.", "Narseh __knowledge__ Narseh was known for his tolerance of other religions.", "Narseh __knowledge__ The name of Narseh stems from the Old Iranian theophoric name of *naryasa(n)ha-, meaning \"men’s praise\".", "Eagles (band) __knowledge__ The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971.", "Eagles (band) __knowledge__ The founding members were Glenn Frey (guitars, vocals), Don Henley (drums, vocals), Bernie Leadon (guitars, vocals) and Randy Meisner (bass guitar, vocals).", "Eagles (band) __knowledge__ With five number-one singles, six Grammy Awards, five American Music Awards, and six number-one albums, the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s.", "Eagles (band) __knowledge__ At the end of the 20th century, two of their albums, \"Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)\" and \"Hotel California\", were ranked among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of America.", "Galerius __knowledge__ Galerius (; ; c. 260 – April or May 311) was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311.", "Galerius __knowledge__ During his reign he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sassanid Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 299.", "Galerius __knowledge__ He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300.", "Galerius __knowledge__ Although he was a staunch opponent of Christianity, Galerius ended the Diocletianic Persecution when he issued an edict of toleration in 311.", "Galerius __knowledge__ Galerius was born in Serdica, though some modern scholars consider the strategic site where he later built his palace named after his mother – Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad) – his birth and funeral place." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Blue Jay Way __knowledge__ \"Blue Jay Way\" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles.", "Blue Jay Way __knowledge__ Written by George Harrison, it was released in 1967 on the group's \"Magical Mystery Tour\" EP and album.", "Blue Jay Way __knowledge__ The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967, shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco.", "Blue Jay Way __knowledge__ The lyrics document Harrison's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills, while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles.", "Blue Jay Way __knowledge__ As with several of Harrison's compositions from this period, \"Blue Jay Way\" incorporates aspects of Indian classical music, although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track, including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison.", "Within You Without You __knowledge__ \"Within You Without You\" is a song written by George Harrison and released on the Beatles' 1967 album \"Sgt.", "Within You Without You __knowledge__ Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\".", "Within You Without You __knowledge__ It was Harrison's second composition in the Indian classical style, after \"Love You To\", and was inspired by his six-week stay in India with his mentor and sitar teacher, Ravi Shankar, over September–October 1966.", "Within You Without You __knowledge__ Recorded in London without the other Beatles, the song features Indian instrumentation such as sitar, dilruba and tabla, and was performed by Harrison and members of the Asian Music Circle.", "Within You Without You __knowledge__ The recording marked a significant departure from the Beatles' previous work; musically, it evokes the Indian devotional tradition, while the overtly spiritual quality of the lyrics reflects Harrison's absorption in Hindu philosophy and the teachings of the Vedas.", "Homer's Barbershop Quartet __knowledge__ \"Homer's Barbershop Quartet\" is the first episode of \"The Simpsons\" fifth season.", "Homer's Barbershop Quartet __knowledge__ It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 30, 1993.", "Homer's Barbershop Quartet __knowledge__ The episode was written by Jeff Martin and directed by Mark Kirkland.", "Homer's Barbershop Quartet __knowledge__ It features the Be Sharps, a barbershop quartet founded by Homer Simpson.", "Homer's Barbershop Quartet __knowledge__ The band's story roughly parallels that of The Beatles.", "Homer's Barbershop Quartet __knowledge__ George Harrison and David Crosby guest star as themselves, and The Dapper Dans provide the singing voices of the Be Sharps.", "Homer's Barbershop Quartet __knowledge__ The episode begins with the Simpson family as they attend a swap meet.", "Homer's Barbershop Quartet __knowledge__ There, Bart Simpson and his sister Lisa notice a picture of their father, Homer, on the cover of an old LP album.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ Sir James Paul McCartney, (born 18 June 1942), is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles, widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ His songwriting partnership with John Lennon was the most successful of the post-war era.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ McCartney is one of the most successful composers and performers of all time.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ George Harrison (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001) was an English guitarist, singer-songwriter, and producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ Often referred to as \"the quiet Beatle\", Harrison embraced Indian culture and helped broaden the scope of popular music through his incorporation of Indian instrumentation and Hindu-aligned spirituality in the Beatles' work.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ Although the majority of the band's songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contained at least two Harrison compositions.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ His songs for the group included \"Taxman\", \"Within You Without You\", \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\", \"Here Comes the Sun\" and \"Something\", the last of which became the Beatles' second-most covered song.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ The Beatles: Rock Band is a 2009 music video game developed by Harmonix, published by MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ It is the third major console release in the \"Rock Band\" music video game series, in which players can simulate the playing of rock music by using controllers shaped like musical instruments.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ \"The Beatles: Rock Band\" is the first band-centric game in the series, and it is centered on the popular English rock group the Beatles.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ The game features virtual portrayals of the four band members performing the songs throughout the band's history, including depictions of some of their famous live performances, as well as a number of \"dreamscape\" sequences for songs from the Abbey Road Studios recording sessions during the group's studio years.", "Going Crazy (Song Ji-eun song) __knowledge__ \"Going Crazy\" (Korean: \"Michin Geoni\" (미친거니)) is a song recorded by South Korean singer Song Ji-eun.", "Going Crazy (Song Ji-eun song) __knowledge__ It is released as a digital single on March 3, 2011 through TS Entertainment.", "Going Crazy (Song Ji-eun song) __knowledge__ The song's inspiration came from the producers who have felt they needed to showcase a darker side of Jieun, thus coming up with the idea of a stalking relationship.", "Going Crazy (Song Ji-eun song) __knowledge__ The song features B.A.P's Bang Yong-guk, who sings the rap parts of the song.", "Going Crazy (Song Ji-eun song) __knowledge__ The song's lyrics tells of a fallen relationship in which the protagonist couldn't stand the stalking of her obsessed ex-lover.", "Going Crazy (Song Ji-eun song) __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Kang Ji-won and Kim Ki-bum, the same composers of Secret's hits such as \"Magic\", \"Madonna\"and \"Shy Boy\".", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ A Hard Day's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles—John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr—during the height of Beatlemania.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ The film portrays several days in the lives of the group.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ The film was a financial and critical success.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ \"Time\" magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a \"comic fantasia with music; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book\" and awarded it a full four stars.", "K-pop __knowledge__ K-pop (abbreviation of Korean popular music or Korean pop; ) is a music genre originating in South Korea, characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements.", "K-pop __knowledge__ Although it includes all genres of \"popular music\" within South Korea, the term is often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop music drawing inspiration on a range of styles and genres incorporated from the across the world such as Western pop music, rock, experimental, jazz, gospel, Latin, hip hop, R&B, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country and classical on top of its uniquely traditional Korean music roots." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Sir Richard Starkey, (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, songwriter, singer, and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"With a Little Help from My Friends\", \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Good Night\", and their cover of \"Act Naturally\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including \"What Goes On\" and \"Flying\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and he fell behind in school as a result of prolonged hospitalisations.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ Sir James Paul McCartney, (born 18 June 1942), is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles, widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ His songwriting partnership with John Lennon was the most successful of the post-war era.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ McCartney is one of the most successful composers and performers of all time.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history.", "Six O'Clock __knowledge__ \"Six O'Clock\" is a song by English rock musician Ringo Starr from his 1973 album \"Ringo\".", "Six O'Clock __knowledge__ It was written by Starr's former Beatles bandmate Paul McCartney and the latter's wife, Linda, who also participated in the recording of the song.", "Six O'Clock __knowledge__ The presence of McCartney on the track marked the first time that he and Starr had worked together since the Beatles' break-up in 1970.", "Six O'Clock __knowledge__ Their collaboration reflected an easing of the tensions that had existed between the two musicians for much of that period.", "Six O'Clock __knowledge__ Produced by Richard Perry, \"Six O'Clock\" was recorded mainly at Apple Studios in London in April 1973.", "Six O'Clock __knowledge__ Following Starr's recent collaborations with George Harrison and John Lennon in Los Angeles, the session with McCartney added to speculation in the press that the Beatles were about to reunite.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ Randolph Peter Best (born Scanland, 24 November 1941) is an English musician, principally known as an original member and the first drummer of the Beatles, from 1960 to 1962.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ He is one of several people who have been referred to as the Fifth Beatle.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ Best was born in the city of Madras, then part of British India.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ After Best's mother, Mona Best (1924–1988), moved to Liverpool in 1945, she opened the Casbah Coffee Club in the cellar of the Bests' house in Liverpool.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ The Beatles (at the time known as the Quarrymen) played some of their first concerts at the club.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ The Beatles invited Best to join on 12 August 1960, on the eve of the group's first Hamburg season of club dates.", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ The Beatles, also known as the White Album, is the ninth studio album by English rock group the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968.", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ A double album, its plain white sleeve has no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed, which was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's earlier \"Sgt.", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\".", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ Although no singles were issued from \"The Beatles\" in Britain and the United States, the songs \"Hey Jude\" and \"Revolution\" originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a single in August 1968.", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ The album's songs range in style from British blues and ska to tracks influenced by Chuck Berry and by Karlheinz Stockhausen.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ \"Love Me Do\" is the debut single by the English rock band the Beatles, backed by \"P.S.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ I Love You\".", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ When the single was originally released in the United Kingdom on 5 October 1962, it peaked at No.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ 17; in 1982 it was re-promoted (not re-issued, retaining the same catalogue number) and reached No.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ 4.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ In the United States the single was a No.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ 1 hit in 1964.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ In 2013, recordings of the song that were released in 1962 entered the public domain in Europe.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ The song was written several years before it was recorded, and prior to the existence of the Beatles.", "Love Me Do __knowledge__ The single features John Lennon's prominent harmonica playing and duet vocals by him and Paul McCartney.", "Photograph (Ringo Starr song) __knowledge__ \"Photograph\" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr that was released as the lead single from his 1973 album \"Ringo\".", "Photograph (Ringo Starr song) __knowledge__ Starr co-wrote the song with George Harrison, his former bandmate from the Beatles.", "Photograph (Ringo Starr song) __knowledge__ Although the two of them collaborated on other compositions, it is the only song officially credited to the pair.", "Photograph (Ringo Starr song) __knowledge__ A signature tune for Starr as a solo artist, \"Photograph\" became an international hit, topping singles charts in the United States, Canada and Australia, and receiving gold disc certification for US sales of 1 million.", "Photograph (Ringo Starr song) __knowledge__ Music critics have similarly received the song favourably; Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic considers it to be \"among the very best post-Beatles songs by any of the Fab Four\".", "Back Off Boogaloo __knowledge__ \"Back Off Boogaloo\" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr, released as a non-album single in March 1972.", "Back Off Boogaloo __knowledge__ Starr's former Beatles bandmate George Harrison produced the recording, which took place in London shortly after the two had appeared together at Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh shows in August 1971.", "Back Off Boogaloo __knowledge__ The single was a follow-up to Starr's 1971 hit song \"It Don't Come Easy\" and continued his successful run as a solo artist.", "Back Off Boogaloo __knowledge__ \"Back Off Boogaloo\" peaked at number 2 in Britain and Canada, and number 9 on America's \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Back Off Boogaloo __knowledge__ It remains Starr's highest-charting single in the United Kingdom.", "Brush with Greatness __knowledge__ \"Brush with Greatness\" is the eighteenth episode of \"The Simpsons\"' second season.", "Brush with Greatness __knowledge__ It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 11, 1991.", "Brush with Greatness __knowledge__ In the episode, Marge revives her high school-era interest in painting by enrolling in an art class after getting encouraged by Lisa.", "Brush with Greatness __knowledge__ When she wins first prize in a local art competition for a portrait of Homer on the couch in his underwear, Mr. Burns commissions her to paint a portrait of him.", "Brush with Greatness __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Homer is determined to lose weight after becoming stuck in a water slide at an amusement park.", "Brush with Greatness __knowledge__ The episode was written by Brian K. Roberts and directed by Jim Reardon.", "Klaus Voormann __knowledge__ Klaus Voormann (born 29 April 1938) is a German artist, musician, and record producer.", "Klaus Voormann __knowledge__ He designed artwork for many bands including the Beatles, Harry Nilsson, the Bee Gees, Wet Wet Wet and Turbonegro.", "Klaus Voormann __knowledge__ Voormann's most notable work as a producer was his work with the band Trio, including their worldwide hit \"Da Da Da\".", "Klaus Voormann __knowledge__ As a musician, Voormann is best known for being the bassist for Manfred Mann from 1966 to 1969, and for performing as a session musician on a host of recordings, including \"You're So Vain\" by Carly Simon and many by former members of the Beatles.", "Klaus Voormann __knowledge__ His association with the Beatles dated back to their time in Hamburg in the early 1960s.", "Rory Storm __knowledge__ Rory Storm (7 January 1938 – 28 September 1972) was an English musician and vocalist.", "Rory Storm __knowledge__ Born Alan Ernest Caldwell in Liverpool, Storm was the singer and leader of Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, a Liverpudlian band who were contemporaries of the Beatles in the late 1950s and early 1960s.", "Rory Storm __knowledge__ Ringo Starr was the drummer for the Hurricanes before joining the Beatles in August 1962, replacing original drummer Pete Best.", "Rory Storm __knowledge__ The Hurricanes were one of the most popular acts on the Liverpool and Hamburg club scenes during their existence, although their attempt at a recording career was not successful.", "Rory Storm __knowledge__ They released only two singles (and one additional compilation track) during their early 1960s heyday, and none of their material made the charts." ] ]

[ 7, 4, 2, 17 ]

[ "Their first hit called \"Love Me Do\", is my personal favorite.", "Yeah, \"Beatlemania\" had the fans going crazy back then. They lead the way for pop music evolution.", "Ringo Starr is my favorite just because his name. I've always wanted to be named Ringo Starr.", "Yeah, he's the best. His song \"Yesterday\" is one of the most covered songs in history." ]

[ "The Beatles", "The Beatles", "The Beatles", "The Beatles" ]

[ "New York City\nHave you ever been to New York?", "New York is the most populous city?! I thought it would be LA.", "No wonder it's a hit or miss with most people. Do you like New York?", "No. What's it about?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The Yankees–Red Sox rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) rivalry between the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The two teams have competed in MLB's American League (AL) for over 100 seasons and have since developed one of the fiercest rivalries in American sports.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ In 1919, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold star player Babe Ruth to the Yankees, which was followed by an 86-year period in which the Red Sox did not win a World Series.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ This led to the popularization of a superstition known as the \"Curse of the Bambino\", which was one of the most well-known aspects of the rivalry.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry is often a heated subject of conversation, especially in the home region of both teams, the Northeastern United States.", "National Institute for Latino Policy __knowledge__ The National Institute for Latino Policy (NiLP) was established in 1982 as the Institute for Puerto Rican Policy (IPR) in New York City, United States as a non-profit and nonpartisan policy center focusing on critical Latino policy issues.", "National Institute for Latino Policy __knowledge__ Between 1999 and 2005, the Institute entered into a strategic alliance with the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund (PRLDEF) (currently called Latino-Justice PRLDEF) during which it functioned as the Fund’s policy research arm.", "National Institute for Latino Policy __knowledge__ In November 2005, the Institute returned to its independent status and changed its name to the National Institute for Latino Policy.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The culture of New York City is reflected in its size and ethnic diversity.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ Many American cultural movements first emerged in the city.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The Harlem Renaissance established the African-American renaissance in the United States.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ Large numbers of Italian Americans and Jews emigrated to New York throughout the twentieth century, significantly influencing the culture and image of New York City.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ American modern dance developed in New York in the early 20th century.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The city was the top venue for jazz in the 1940s, expressionism in the 1950s and home to hip hop, punk rock, and the Beat Generation.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York is an important center for music, film, theater, dance and visual art.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Sports in New York City have a long and distinguished history.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, Minor league baseball, women's national soccer league, and Major League Soccer.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area is one of only two cities (along with the Los Angeles metropolitan area) in the United States with more than one team in each of the four major professional sports leagues, with nine such franchises.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Counting these along with its two teams in Major League Soccer, New York has a total of eleven sports teams in the five most important professional sports leagues in the United States.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The\" \"NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Founded in 1851, the paper has won 122 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ As of September 2016, it had the largest combined print-and-digital circulation of any daily newspaper in the United States.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ \"The New York Times\" is ranked 18th in the world by circulation.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure.", "New York – New Jersey Line War __knowledge__ The New York – New Jersey Line War (also known as the N.J. Line War) refers to a series of skirmishes and raids that took place for over half a century between 1701 and 1765 at the disputed border between two American colonies, the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey.", "New York – New Jersey Line War __knowledge__ Border wars were not unusual in the early days of settlements of the colonies and originated in conflicting land claims.", "New York – New Jersey Line War __knowledge__ Because of ignorance, willful disregard, and legal ambiguities, such conflicts arose involving local settlers until a final settlement was reached.", "New York – New Jersey Line War __knowledge__ In the largest of these squabbles some 210,000 acres (849.8 km) of land were at stake between New York and New Jersey." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix () is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ With 1,615,017 people (), Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide, the most populous state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people .", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ In addition, Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and, at 517.9 square miles (1,341 km), it is the largest city in the state, more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States.", "Vermont __knowledge__ Vermont () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "Vermont __knowledge__ It borders the U.S. states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.", "Vermont __knowledge__ Lake Champlain forms half of Vermont's western border with New York.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The Green Mountains run north-south for the length of the state.", "Vermont __knowledge__ Vermont is the second smallest by population and the sixth smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The state capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the United States.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The most populous city, Burlington, is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver (), officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is nicknamed the \"Mile High City\" because its official elevation is exactly one mile () above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States.", "Illinois __knowledge__ Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.", "Illinois __knowledge__ It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country.", "Illinois __knowledge__ With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub.", "Illinois __knowledge__ The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois Waterway.", "London __knowledge__ London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.", "London __knowledge__ Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.", "London __knowledge__ It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\".", "London __knowledge__ London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries.", "London __knowledge__ Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ San Antonio ( Spanish for \"Saint Anthony\"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718, the city became the first chartered civil settlement in Texas in 1731, making it the state's oldest municipality.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ The city's deep history is contrasted with its rapid growth: it was the fastest-growing of the top ten largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the second from 1990 to 2000.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ Straddling the regional divide between South and Central Texas, San Antonio anchors the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion colloquially known as the \"Texas Triangle\".", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2012 __knowledge__ The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 and elected the nine U.S.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2012 __knowledge__ Representatives from the state of Tennessee, apportioned according to the 2010 United States Census.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2012 __knowledge__ The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2012 __knowledge__ Primary elections were held on August 2, 2012.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2012 __knowledge__ The redrawn 1st district will represent Carter, Cocke, Greene, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Sevier, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington counties, and parts of Jefferson County.", "Iran __knowledge__ Iran ( ), also known as Persia (), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia.", "Iran __knowledge__ With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country.", "Iran __knowledge__ Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world.", "Iran __knowledge__ Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq.", "Transparent Complaint Procedure __knowledge__ The Transparent Complaint Procedure (TCP) is a proposed three line clause procedure from Right To Recall team to eliminate corruption in India.", "Transparent Complaint Procedure __knowledge__ The proposed TCP Gazette Notification(GN) has only 3 clauses.", "Transparent Complaint Procedure __knowledge__ Please note that third clause is a mere declaration.", "Transparent Complaint Procedure __knowledge__ So as such, the proposed TCP GN has only two operational clauses.TCP has many other names .", "Transparent Complaint Procedure __knowledge__ CTOGD Citizen's Transparent Opinion Gathering and Display, TOG Transparent opinion gathering.", "Transparent Complaint Procedure __knowledge__ Today, if some common citizen, who does not have connections or is not rich, wants to spread information to the masses, (s)he has to approach the mainstream media.", "São Paulo __knowledge__ São Paulo (; ) is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.", "São Paulo __knowledge__ The metropolis is an alpha global city (as listed by the GaWC) and the most populous city in Brazil, the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.", "São Paulo __knowledge__ The municipality is also the Earth's 13th largest city proper by population.", "São Paulo __knowledge__ The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo, one of 26 constituent states of the republic.", "São Paulo __knowledge__ It is the most populous and wealthiest city in Brazil.", "São Paulo __knowledge__ It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment.", "São Paulo __knowledge__ The name of the city honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2018 __knowledge__ The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee will be held on November 6, 2018, to elect the nine U.S.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2018 __knowledge__ Representatives from the state of Tennessee, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2018 __knowledge__ The elections will coincide with the elections of other federal and state offices, including the gubernatorial election.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2018 __knowledge__ The 1st district includes Carter, Cocke, Greene, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Sevier, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington counties, and parts of Jefferson County.", "United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 2018 __knowledge__ The most populous city in the district is Johnson City, and the district is anchored by the Tri-Cities area.", "Puerto Rico __knowledge__ Puerto Rico (Spanish for \"Rich Port\"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (, \"Free Associated State of Puerto Rico\") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.", "Puerto Rico __knowledge__ An archipelago among the Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller ones, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques.", "Puerto Rico __knowledge__ The capital and most populous city is San Juan.", "Puerto Rico __knowledge__ Its official languages are Spanish and English, though Spanish predominates.", "Puerto Rico __knowledge__ The island's population is approximately 3.4 million.", "Puerto Rico __knowledge__ Puerto Rico's history, tropical climate, natural scenery, traditional cuisine, and tax incentives make it a destination for travelers from around the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Lynda Carter __knowledge__ Lynda Carter (born Linda Jean Córdova Carter; July 24, 1951) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, model, and beauty pageant titleholder, who was crowned Miss World America 1972.", "Lynda Carter __knowledge__ Carter is most widely known as the star of the American live action television series \"Wonder Woman\", in the role of Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, based on the DC comic book fictional superheroine character of the same name, which aired on ABC and later on CBS from 1975 to 1979.", "Lynda Carter __knowledge__ Carter was born in Phoenix, Arizona, the daughter of Juanita (née Córdova) and Colby Carter.", "Lynda Carter __knowledge__ Her father is of English and Scots-Irish ancestry, and her mother, whose family hailed from Mexico, is of Mexican, Spanish and French descent.", "CBS __knowledge__ CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation.", "CBS __knowledge__ The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).", "CBS __knowledge__ CBS is sometimes referred to as the \"Eye Network\", in reference to the company's iconic logo, in use since 1951.", "CBS __knowledge__ It has also been called the \"Tiffany Network\", alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Wonder Girls __knowledge__ Wonder Girls () was a South Korean girl group formed by JYP Entertainment.", "Wonder Girls __knowledge__ The group's final line-up consisted of Yubin, Yeeun, Sunmi and Hyerim.", "Wonder Girls __knowledge__ Members Sunye and Sohee officially left the group in 2015, while Hyuna left in late 2007.", "Wonder Girls __knowledge__ They were co-managed in the United States by Creative Artists Agency.", "Wonder Girls __knowledge__ The group began their entry into the American market in 2009 as an opening act for the Jonas Brothers' World Tour, performing the English version of their hit single \"Nobody\".", "Wonder Girls __knowledge__ In late 2009, \"Nobody\" charted at number seventy-six on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, making the Wonder Girls the first South Korean group to enter the chart.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman, known from seasons 2-3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s, with the title changed to \"The New Adventures of Wonder Woman\", and a complete change of cast other than Carter and Waggoner.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ Cassandra \"Cassie\" Sandsmark, also known as Wonder Girl, is a fictional superheroine appearing in DC Comics.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ Created by John Byrne, and first appearing in \"Wonder Woman\" (vol.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ 2) #105 (January 1996), she is a sidekick of the popular superhero Wonder Woman and also a prominent member of the superhero group the Teen Titans.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ When Cassie was first introduced in 1996 \"Wonder Woman\" comics, she was the daughter of an archaeologist who discovered magical artifacts which bestowed upon Cassie superpowers, with which she fought crime as Wonder Girl.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ Later, Zeus, king of the Greek gods, grants her real powers.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ San Francisco (initials SF) (, Spanish for Saint Francis; Spanish: ), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ The consolidated city-county covers an area of about , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ It is the fourth-most populous city in California, and the 13th-most populous in the United States, with a 2016 census-estimated population of 870,887.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ The population is projected to reach 1 million by 2033.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ San Francisco is also the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four New York City boroughs.", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead (), also known as the Gaza Massacre () and the Battle of al-Furqan () by Hamas, was a three-week armed conflict between Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and Israel that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 in a unilateral ceasefire.", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ Israel's stated goal was to stop indiscriminate Palestinian rocket fire into Israel and weapons smuggling into the Gaza strip.", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ Israeli forces attacked police stations, military targets including weapons caches and suspected rocket firing teams, as well as political and administrative institutions in the opening assault, striking in the densely populated cities of Gaza, Khan Yunis and Rafah.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century.", "Pandacan oil depot __knowledge__ The Pandacan Oil Depot is a 33-hectare compound in Pandacan, Manila, Philippines.", "Pandacan oil depot __knowledge__ It houses the storage facilities and distribution terminals of three major players in the country's petroleum industry, namely Caltex (a petroleum brand name of Chevron Corporation), Petron, and Shell.", "Pandacan oil depot __knowledge__ The oil depot takes its roots from separate establishments by these oil companies.", "Pandacan oil depot __knowledge__ The continued operation of the oil depot in a densely populated major city has been a subject of various concerns, including its environmental and health impact to the residents of Manila.", "Pandacan oil depot __knowledge__ Shell established facilities in 1914.", "Pandacan oil depot __knowledge__ Caltex began using the Pandacan warehouse depot in 1917, when it started marketing its products in the Philippines.", "Winnipeg __knowledge__ Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada.", "Winnipeg __knowledge__ It is near the longitudinal centre of North America and is from the U.S. border.", "Winnipeg __knowledge__ It is also the place of the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers.", "Winnipeg __knowledge__ The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water.", "Winnipeg __knowledge__ The region was a trading centre for aboriginal peoples long before the arrival of Europeans.", "Winnipeg __knowledge__ French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738.", "Winnipeg __knowledge__ A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1–9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\").", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The undersea megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000–280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to high.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Hudson County, a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey, lies west of the lower Hudson River, which was named for Henry Hudson, the sea captain who explored the area in 1609.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Part of New Jersey's Gateway Region in the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is its largest city and county seat.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2016 Census estimate, Hudson County was the fastest-growing county in New Jersey compared to 2010; the county's population was 677,983, making it the state's 4th-most populous county, an increase of 6.9% from the 2010 United States Census, when its population was enumerated at 634,266, in turn an increase of 25,291 (+4.2%) from the 608,975 enumerated in the 2000 Census." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ Cassandra \"Cassie\" Sandsmark, also known as Wonder Girl, is a fictional superheroine appearing in DC Comics.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ Created by John Byrne, and first appearing in \"Wonder Woman\" (vol.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ 2) #105 (January 1996), she is a sidekick of the popular superhero Wonder Woman and also a prominent member of the superhero group the Teen Titans.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ When Cassie was first introduced in 1996 \"Wonder Woman\" comics, she was the daughter of an archaeologist who discovered magical artifacts which bestowed upon Cassie superpowers, with which she fought crime as Wonder Girl.", "Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) __knowledge__ Later, Zeus, king of the Greek gods, grants her real powers.", "Wonder Girl __knowledge__ Wonder Girl is the name of four fictional characters featured in comic books and other media produced by DC Comics.", "Wonder Girl __knowledge__ The original was a younger version of Wonder Woman as a teenager.", "Wonder Girl __knowledge__ The official second (Donna Troy) and third (Cassie Sandsmark) are protégées of Wonder Woman, and members of different incarnations of the Teen Titans.", "Wonder Girl __knowledge__ The name has also been used by Drusilla, a one-time character who appeared in 1969, and was heavily modified and featured on the Wonder Woman TV series played by Debra Winger.", "Wonder Girl __knowledge__ Although not named Wonder Girl, a young Wonder Woman appeared as part of the character's origin story in \"All-Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), Wonder Woman's first appearance.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ Donna Troy is a comic book superheroine published by DC Comics.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ She first appeared in \"The Brave and the Bold\" vol.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ 1 #60 (July 1965), and was created by Bob Haney and Bruno Premiani.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ She has been known as the original Wonder Girl, Darkstar and Troia.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ In May 2011, Donna Troy placed 93rd on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ After the shake-up in comics that resulted from the publication of \"Seduction of the Innocent,\" DC Comics searched for a way to portray Wonder Woman that would be acceptable to parents.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ One of the more favored approaches was to publish a series of \"Impossible Tales\" in which Wonder Woman (Diana) appeared for various reasons side-by-side with younger versions of herself as well as her mother, creating a \"Wonder Family.\"", "Teen Titans __knowledge__ The Teen Titans, also known as the New Teen Titans and the Titans, are a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, often in an eponymous monthly series.", "Teen Titans __knowledge__ As the group's name suggests, its members are teenage superheroes, many of whom have acted as sidekicks to DC's premiere superheroes in the Justice League.", "Teen Titans __knowledge__ First appearing in 1964 in \"The Brave and the Bold\" #54, the team was founded by Kid Flash (Wally West), Robin (Dick Grayson), and Aqualad (Garth), with the team adopting the name Teen Titans in issue 60 following the addition of Wonder Girl (Donna Troy) to its ranks.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Young Justice __knowledge__ Young Justice is a fictional DC Comics superhero team consisting of teenaged heroes.", "Young Justice __knowledge__ The team was formed at a time when DC's usual teen hero group, the Teen Titans, had become adults and changed their name to the Titans.", "Young Justice __knowledge__ Like the original \"Teen Titans\", \"Young Justice\" was centered on three previously established teen heroes: Superboy, Robin and Impulse, but grew to encompass most teenaged heroes in the DC Universe.", "Young Justice __knowledge__ In the 2003 mini-series \"\", both groups disbanded and members of each formed two new teams of Teen Titans and Outsiders.", "Young Justice __knowledge__ Robin, Superboy, and Impulse first join together in a one-shot, part of the \"GirlFrenzy\" Fifth week event, called \"Young Justice: The Secret\", written by Todd DeZago, where they first encounter the mysterious superheroine Secret and free her from captivity of the DEO (Department of Extranormal Operations).", "John Byrne (comics) __knowledge__ John Lindley Byrne (; born July 6, 1950) is an American comics artist and writer.", "John Byrne (comics) __knowledge__ Since the mid-1970s, Byrne has worked on many major superheroes.", "John Byrne (comics) __knowledge__ Byrne's better-known work has been on Marvel Comics' \"X-Men\" and \"Fantastic Four\" and the 1986 relaunch of DC Comics' \"Superman\" franchise, the first issue of which featured comics' first variant cover.", "John Byrne (comics) __knowledge__ Coming into the comics profession as penciller, inker, letterer and writer on his earliest work, Byrne began co-plotting the \"X-Men\" comics during his tenure on them, and launched his writing career in earnest with \"Fantastic Four\" (where he also served as penciler and inker).", "Superboy (Kon-El) __knowledge__ Superboy (also known as Kon-El or Conner Kent) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Superboy (Kon-El) __knowledge__ A modern variation on the original Superboy, the character first appeared as Superboy in \"Adventures of Superman\" #500 (June 1993), and was created by writer Karl Kesel and artist Tom Grummett.", "Superboy (Kon-El) __knowledge__ From the character's debut in 1993 to August 2003, Superboy was depicted as a genetically-engineered metahuman clone of human origin designed by Project Cadmus as a duplicate and closest genetic equivalent of Superman.", "Superboy (Kon-El) __knowledge__ The character was retconned in \"Teen Titans\" vol.", "Superboy (Kon-El) __knowledge__ 3, #1 (September 2003) as a Kryptonian/human hybrid of Superman and Lex Luthor.", "The Death of Superman __knowledge__ \"The Death of Superman\" is a 1992 comic book storyline that occurred mostly in DC Comics' Superman titles.", "The Death of Superman __knowledge__ The completed multi-issue story arc was given the title The Death and Return of Superman.", "The Death of Superman __knowledge__ In the story, Superman engages in battle to stop a killing spree with an immensely powerful and seemingly unstoppable creature of unknown origin named Doomsday across the United States.", "The Death of Superman __knowledge__ At the fight's conclusion, both combatants apparently die from their wounds in the streets of Metropolis in \"Superman\" (vol.", "The Death of Superman __knowledge__ 2) #75 in 1993.", "The Death of Superman __knowledge__ The crossover depicted the world's reaction to Superman's death in \"Funeral for a Friend\", the emergence of four individuals believed to be the \"new\" Superman, and the eventual return of the original Superman in \"Reign of the Supermen!\"" ] ]

[ 1, 2, 60, 23 ]

[ "Yes its the most populous city in the US I would consider that a must visit", "LA is up there but I think New York has almost 9 millions people and is the most densely populated major city in the US", "Have you ever read the wonder girl comic ? The one created by John Byrne", "in her homeland, the island of Themyscira she is a princess. Like you." ]

[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]

[ "List of chicken dishes\nI'm a big fan of chicken dishes. Do you eat chicken?", "Oh cool! Is there any particular reason why chickens are the most common?", "Are there any popular chicken dishes?", "Are there any regions that stick out?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of chicken dishes.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world, and was one of the first domesticated animals.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken is a major worldwide source of meat and eggs for human consumption.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It is prepared as food in a wide variety of ways, varying by region and culture.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ The prevalence of chickens is due to almost the entire chicken being edible, and the ease of raising them.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken as a meat has been depicted in Babylonian carvings from around 600 BC.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken was one of the most common meats available in the Middle Ages.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It was eaten over most of the Eastern hemisphere and a number of different kinds of chicken such as capons, pullets and hens were eaten.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It was one of the basic ingredients in the so-called white dish, a stew usually consisting of chicken and fried onions cooked in milk and seasoned with spices and sugar.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Pakistani cuisine __knowledge__ Pakistani cuisine () can be characterized by a blend of various regional cooking traditions of the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia as well as elements from its Mughal legacy.", "Pakistani cuisine __knowledge__ The various cuisines are derived from Pakistan's ethnic and cultural diversity.", "Pakistani cuisine __knowledge__ Cuisine from the eastern provinces of Punjab and Sindh are characterized as \"highly seasoned\" and \"spicy\", which is characteristic of flavors of the Indian subcontinent.", "Pakistani cuisine __knowledge__ Cuisine from the western and northern provinces of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Tribal Areas are characterized as \"mild\" which is characteristic of flavors of the Central Asian region.", "Chicken Kiev __knowledge__ Chicken Kiev (, \"kotleta po-kyivsky\", , \"kotleta po-kiyevski\"; literally \"cutlet Kiev-style\") is a dish of chicken fillet pounded and rolled around cold butter, then coated with eggs and bread crumbs, and either fried or baked.", "Chicken Kiev __knowledge__ In general, the dish of stuffed chicken breast is also known in Ukrainian, Russian and Polish cuisines as côtelette de volaille (, ; from French \"chicken cutlet\").", "Chicken Kiev __knowledge__ Since fillets are often referred to as suprêmes in professional cookery, the dish is also named suprême de volaille à la Kiev.", "Chicken Kiev __knowledge__ It is particularly popular in the Post-Soviet states, several other countries of the former Eastern Bloc, and in the English-speaking world.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal, a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Other regions, such as Tripura, and the Barak Valley region of Assam (in India) also have large native Bengali populations and share this cuisine.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its spread of confectioneries and desserts.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the subcontinent that is analogous in structure to the modern \"service à la russe\" style of French cuisine, with food served course-wise rather than all at once.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of chicken dishes.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world, and was one of the first domesticated animals.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken is a major worldwide source of meat and eggs for human consumption.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It is prepared as food in a wide variety of ways, varying by region and culture.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ The prevalence of chickens is due to almost the entire chicken being edible, and the ease of raising them.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken as a meat has been depicted in Babylonian carvings from around 600 BC.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken was one of the most common meats available in the Middle Ages.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It was eaten over most of the Eastern hemisphere and a number of different kinds of chicken such as capons, pullets and hens were eaten.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It was one of the basic ingredients in the so-called white dish, a stew usually consisting of chicken and fried onions cooked in milk and seasoned with spices and sugar.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also colloquially known as factory farming, is a production approach towards farm animals in order to maximize production output, while minimizing production costs.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ Intensive farming refers to animal husbandry, the keeping of livestock such as cattle, poultry, and fish at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of animal agriculture—a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human consumption.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ There are issues regarding whether factory farming is sustainable or ethical.", "Urban chicken __knowledge__ An urban chicken or backyard chicken is a chicken kept on a residential lot.", "Urban chicken __knowledge__ Keeping chickens is becoming increasingly popular.", "Urban chicken __knowledge__ The primary reasons for keeping chickens are as pets and for eggs.", "Urban chicken __knowledge__ Some people will sell the eggs for side income.", "Urban chicken __knowledge__ Keeping chickens in an urban environment is associated with the \"urban agriculture\", sustainability movement, which is the growing practice of cultivating, processing and distributing food in or around a village, town or city.", "Urban chicken __knowledge__ According to National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service and experts in backyard agriculture, there are a host of personal benefits associated with urban agriculture and keeping chickens in one's own backyard.", "Chicken __knowledge__ The chicken (\"Gallus gallus domesticus\") is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.", "Chicken __knowledge__ It is one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of more than 19 billion as of 2011.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Humans commonly keep chickens as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia, but with the clade found in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa originating in the Indian subcontinent.", "Chicken __knowledge__ From India, the domesticated chicken was imported to Lydia in western Asia Minor, and to Greece by the fifth century BC.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ Poultry farming is the process of raising domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ Poultry are farmed in great numbers with chickens being the most numerous.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ More than 50 billion chickens are raised annually as a source of food, for both their meat and their eggs.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ Chickens raised for eggs are usually called layers while chickens raised for meat are often called broilers.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ In the US, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ In the UK, the national organisation is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).", "Poultry __knowledge__ Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers.", "Poultry __knowledge__ These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys).", "Poultry __knowledge__ Poultry also includes other birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.", "Poultry __knowledge__ The word \"poultry\" comes from the French/Norman word \"poule\", itself derived from the Latin word \"pullus\", which means small animal.", "Poultry __knowledge__ The domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Chicken as food __knowledge__ Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world.", "Chicken as food __knowledge__ In developed countries, chickens are typically subject to intensive farming methods.", "Chicken as food __knowledge__ The modern chicken is a descendant of red junglefowl hybrids along with the grey junglefowl first raised thousands of years ago in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent.", "Chicken as food __knowledge__ Chicken as a meat has been depicted in Babylonian carvings from around 600 BC.", "Chicken as food __knowledge__ Chicken was one of the most common meats available in the Middle Ages.", "Chicken as food __knowledge__ It was eaten over most of the Eastern hemisphere and a number of different kinds of chicken such as capons, pullets and hens were eaten.", "Domestication __knowledge__ Domestication is a sustained multi-generational relationship in which one group of organisms assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another group to secure a more predictable supply of resources from that second group.", "Domestication __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domestic species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.", "Neolithic Revolution __knowledge__ The Neolithic Revolution, Neolithic Demographic Transition, or Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making possible an increasingly larger population.", "Neolithic Revolution __knowledge__ These settled communities permitted humans to observe and experiment with plants to learn how they grew and developed.", "Neolithic Revolution __knowledge__ This new knowledge led to the domestication of plants.", "Neolithic Revolution __knowledge__ Archaeological data indicates that the domestication of various types of plants and animals happened in separate locations worldwide, starting in the geological epoch of the Holocene around 12,500 years ago.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of chicken dishes.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world, and was one of the first domesticated animals.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken is a major worldwide source of meat and eggs for human consumption.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It is prepared as food in a wide variety of ways, varying by region and culture.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ The prevalence of chickens is due to almost the entire chicken being edible, and the ease of raising them.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken as a meat has been depicted in Babylonian carvings from around 600 BC.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken was one of the most common meats available in the Middle Ages.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It was eaten over most of the Eastern hemisphere and a number of different kinds of chicken such as capons, pullets and hens were eaten.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It was one of the basic ingredients in the so-called white dish, a stew usually consisting of chicken and fried onions cooked in milk and seasoned with spices and sugar.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Chicken Kiev __knowledge__ Chicken Kiev (, \"kotleta po-kyivsky\", , \"kotleta po-kiyevski\"; literally \"cutlet Kiev-style\") is a dish of chicken fillet pounded and rolled around cold butter, then coated with eggs and bread crumbs, and either fried or baked.", "Chicken Kiev __knowledge__ In general, the dish of stuffed chicken breast is also known in Ukrainian, Russian and Polish cuisines as côtelette de volaille (, ; from French \"chicken cutlet\").", "Chicken Kiev __knowledge__ Since fillets are often referred to as suprêmes in professional cookery, the dish is also named suprême de volaille à la Kiev.", "Chicken Kiev __knowledge__ It is particularly popular in the Post-Soviet states, several other countries of the former Eastern Bloc, and in the English-speaking world.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Pakistani cuisine __knowledge__ Pakistani cuisine () can be characterized by a blend of various regional cooking traditions of the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia as well as elements from its Mughal legacy.", "Pakistani cuisine __knowledge__ The various cuisines are derived from Pakistan's ethnic and cultural diversity.", "Pakistani cuisine __knowledge__ Cuisine from the eastern provinces of Punjab and Sindh are characterized as \"highly seasoned\" and \"spicy\", which is characteristic of flavors of the Indian subcontinent.", "Pakistani cuisine __knowledge__ Cuisine from the western and northern provinces of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Tribal Areas are characterized as \"mild\" which is characteristic of flavors of the Central Asian region.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Poultry __knowledge__ Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers.", "Poultry __knowledge__ These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys).", "Poultry __knowledge__ Poultry also includes other birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.", "Poultry __knowledge__ The word \"poultry\" comes from the French/Norman word \"poule\", itself derived from the Latin word \"pullus\", which means small animal.", "Poultry __knowledge__ The domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago.", "Passenger pigeon __knowledge__ The passenger pigeon or wild pigeon (\"Ectopistes migratorius\") is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America.", "Passenger pigeon __knowledge__ Its common name is derived from the French word \"passager\", meaning \"passing by\", due to the migratory habits of the species.", "Passenger pigeon __knowledge__ The scientific name also refers to its migratory characteristics.", "Passenger pigeon __knowledge__ The morphologically similar mourning dove (\"Zenaida macroura\") was long thought to be its closest relative, and the two were at times confused, but genetic analysis has shown that the genus \"Patagioenas\" is more closely related to it than the \"Zenaida\" doves.", "Passenger pigeon __knowledge__ The passenger pigeon was sexually dimorphic in size and coloration.", "Avian influenza __knowledge__ Avian influenza—known informally as avian flu or bird flu is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.", "Avian influenza __knowledge__ The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).", "Avian influenza __knowledge__ Bird flu is similar to swine flu, dog flu, horse flu and human flu as an illness caused by strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host.", "Avian influenza __knowledge__ Out of the three types of influenza viruses (A, B, and C), influenza A virus is a zoonotic infection with a natural reservoir almost entirely in birds.", "Avian influenza __knowledge__ Avian influenza, for most purposes, refers to the influenza A virus.", "Avian influenza __knowledge__ Though influenza A is adapted to birds, it can also stably adapt and sustain person-to person transmission.", "Dodo __knowledge__ The dodo (\"Jaziahcus Hawkinus\") is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.", "Dodo __knowledge__ The dodo's closest genetic relative was the also extinct Rodrigues solitaire, the two forming the subfamily Raphinae of the family of pigeons and doves.", "Dodo __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dodo is the Nicobar pigeon.", "Dodo __knowledge__ A white dodo was once thought to have existed on the nearby island of Réunion, but this is now thought to have been confusion based on the Réunion ibis and paintings of white dodos.", "Dodo __knowledge__ Subfossil remains show the dodo was about tall and may have weighed in the wild.", "Bird __knowledge__ Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.", "Bird __knowledge__ Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich.", "Bird __knowledge__ Birds are descendants of extinct feathered dinosaurs, making them not only the sole surviving dinosaurs according to cladistics, but ranking as the world’s most numerically-successful class of tetrapods, with approximately ten thousand living species, more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The northern goshawk (Old English: \"gōsheafoc\", \"goose-hawk\"), Accipiter gentilis, is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae, which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ As a species in the \"Accipiter\" genus, the goshawk is often considered a \"true hawk\".", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The scientific name is Latin; \"Accipiter\" is \"hawk\", from \"accipere\", \"to grasp\", and \"gentilis\" is \"noble\" or \"gentle\" because in the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ This species was first described under its current scientific name by Linnaeus in his \"Systema naturae\" in 1758.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of chicken dishes.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world, and was one of the first domesticated animals.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken is a major worldwide source of meat and eggs for human consumption.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It is prepared as food in a wide variety of ways, varying by region and culture.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ The prevalence of chickens is due to almost the entire chicken being edible, and the ease of raising them.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken as a meat has been depicted in Babylonian carvings from around 600 BC.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ Chicken was one of the most common meats available in the Middle Ages.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It was eaten over most of the Eastern hemisphere and a number of different kinds of chicken such as capons, pullets and hens were eaten.", "List of chicken dishes __knowledge__ It was one of the basic ingredients in the so-called white dish, a stew usually consisting of chicken and fried onions cooked in milk and seasoned with spices and sugar.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ In field hockey, each player carries a stick and cannot take part in the game without it.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ The stick for an adult is usually in the range 89–95 cm (35–38 in) long.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ A maximum length of 105 cm (41\") was stipulated from 2016.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ The maximum permitted weight is 737 grams.The majority of players use a stick in the range 19 oz to 22 oz (538 g - 623 g).", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ Traditionally hockey sticks were made of hickory, ash or mulberry wood with the head of the sticks being hand carved and therefore required skilled craftsmen to produce.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ Sticks made of wood continue to be made but the higher grade sticks are now manufactured from composite materials which were first permitted after 1992.", "Hockey stick controversy __knowledge__ In the hockey stick controversy, the data and methods used in reconstructions of the temperature record of the past 1000 years have been disputed.", "Hockey stick controversy __knowledge__ Reconstructions have consistently shown that the rise in the instrumental temperature record of the past 150 years is not matched in earlier centuries, and the name \"hockey stick graph\" was coined for figures showing a long-term decline followed by an abrupt rise in temperatures.", "Hockey stick controversy __knowledge__ These graphs were publicised to explain the scientific findings of climatology, and in addition to scientific debate over the reconstructions, they have been the topic of political dispute.", "Memory Stick __knowledge__ Memory Stick is a removable flash memory card format, originally launched by Sony in late 1998.", "Memory Stick __knowledge__ In addition to the original Memory Stick, this family includes the Memory Stick PRO, a revision that allows greater maximum storage capacity and faster file transfer speeds; Memory Stick Duo, a small-form-factor version of the Memory Stick (including the PRO Duo); the even smaller Memory Stick Micro (M2), and the Memory Stick PRO-HG, a high speed variant of the PRO to be used in high-definition video and still cameras.", "Memory Stick __knowledge__ As a proprietary format, Sony exclusively used Memory Stick on their products in the 2000s such as Cyber-shot cameras, VAIO PCs and the PlayStation Portable, with the format being licensed to a few other companies early in its lifetime.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Field hockey is a team sport of the hockey family.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The earliest origins of the game date back to the Middle Ages in England, Scotland, France and the Netherlands.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The game can be played on a grass field, turf field or synthetic field as well as an indoor board surface.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Each team plays with eleven players, including the goalie.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Players use sticks made out of wood, carbon fibre, fibre glass or a combination of carbon fibre and fibre glass in different quantities (with the higher carbon fibre stick being more expensive and less likely to break) to hit a round, hard, plastic ball.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The length of the stick depends on the player's individual height.", "South Park: The Stick of Truth __knowledge__ South Park: The Stick of Truth is a 2014 role-playing video game developed by Obsidian Entertainment in collaboration with South Park Digital Studios and published by Ubisoft.", "South Park: The Stick of Truth __knowledge__ Based on the American adult animated television series \"South Park\", the game follows the New Kid, who has moved to the eponymous town and becomes involved in an epic role-play fantasy war involving humans, wizards, and elves, who are fighting for control of the all-powerful Stick of Truth.", "South Park: The Stick of Truth __knowledge__ Their game quickly escalates out of control and brings them into conflict with aliens, Nazi zombies, and gnomes, threatening the entire town with destruction.", "Ice hockey stick __knowledge__ An ice hockey stick is a piece of equipment used in ice hockey to shoot, pass, and carry the puck across the ice.", "Ice hockey stick __knowledge__ Ice hockey sticks are approximately 150–200 cm long, composed of a long, slender shaft with a flat extension at one end called the blade.", "Ice hockey stick __knowledge__ The blade is the part of the stick used to contact the puck, and is typically 25 to 40 cm long.", "Ice hockey stick __knowledge__ Stick dimensions can vary widely, as they are usually built to suit a particular player's size and preference.", "Ice hockey stick __knowledge__ The blade is positioned at roughly a 135° angle from the axis of the shaft, giving the stick a partly 'L-shaped' appearance.", "Ice hockey stick __knowledge__ The shaft of the stick is fairly rigid, but it has some flexibility to benefit some shots.", "Phasmatodea __knowledge__ The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida or Phasmatoptera) are an order of insects, whose members are variously known as stick insects in Europe and Australasia; stick-bugs, walking sticks or bug sticks in the United States and Canada; or as phasmids, ghost insects or leaf insects (generally the family Phylliidae).", "Phasmatodea __knowledge__ The group's name is derived from the Ancient Greek \"\", meaning an apparition or phantom, referring to the resemblance of many species to sticks or leaves.", "Phasmatodea __knowledge__ Their natural camouflage makes them difficult for predators to detect, but many species have a secondary line of defence in the form of startle displays, spines or toxic secretions.", "Knud Rasmussen __knowledge__ Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (7 June 1879 – 21 December 1933) was a Greenlandic/Danish polar explorer and anthropologist.", "Knud Rasmussen __knowledge__ He has been called the \"father of Eskimology\" and was the first European to cross the Northwest Passage via dog sled.", "Knud Rasmussen __knowledge__ He remains well known in Greenland, Denmark and among Canadian Inuit.", "Knud Rasmussen __knowledge__ Rasmussen was born in Jakobshavn (now Ilulissat), Greenland, the son of a Danish missionary, the vicar Christian Rasmussen, and an Inuit- Danish mother, Lovise Rasmussen (née Fleischer).", "Knud Rasmussen __knowledge__ He had two siblings, including a brother, Peter Lim.", "Knud Rasmussen __knowledge__ Rasmussen spent his early years in Greenland among the Kalaallit (Inuit) where he learned from an early age to speak the language (Kalaallisut), hunt, drive dog sleds and live in harsh Arctic conditions.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture is a fictional interstellar utopian society in which anarchy and socialism are balanced by direct democracy.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture was created by the Scottish writer Iain M. Banks and features in a number of his space opera novels and works of short fiction, collectively called the Culture series.", "The Culture __knowledge__ In the series, the Culture is composed primarily of sentient beings of the pan-human variety, artificially intelligent sentient machines, and a small number of other sentient \"alien\" life forms.", "The Culture __knowledge__ Machine intelligences range from human-equivalent drones to hyper-intelligent Minds.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture's economy is maintained automatically by its non-sentient machines, with high-level work entrusted to the Minds' subroutines, which allows its humanoid and drone citizens to indulge their passions, romances, hobbies, or other activities, without servitude.", "Organizational culture __knowledge__ Organizational culture encompasses values and behaviours that \"contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization\".", "Organizational culture __knowledge__ According to Needle (2004), organizational culture represents the collective values, beliefs and principles of organizational members and is a product of such factors as history, product, market, technology, strategy, type of employees, management style, and national culture; culture includes the organization's vision, values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, environment, location, beliefs, and habits.", "Organizational culture __knowledge__ Business executive Bernard L. Rosauer (2013) developed what he refers to as an actionable definition of organizational culture: \"Organizational culture is an \"emergence\" – an extremely complex incalculable state that results from the combination of a few simple ingredients.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ There are over 500 federally recognized tribes within the U.S., about half of which are associated with Indian reservations.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ The term excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaska Natives.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ The ancestors of modern Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago, possibly much longer, from Asia through Beringia.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ A vast variety of peoples, societies and cultures subsequently developed.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ Native Americans were greatly affected by the European colonization of the Americas, which began in 1492, and their population declined precipitously due to introduced diseases, warfare, and slavery.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was an adopted initiative constitutional amendment in the state of California on the November 5, 1996 statewide election ballot.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 revolutionized local and regional government finance in California.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Called the “Right to Vote on Taxes Act,” Proposition 218 was sponsored by the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association as a constitutional follow-up to the landmark property tax revolt initiative constitutional amendment, Proposition 13, approved by California voters on June 6, 1978.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was drafted by constitutional attorneys Jonathan Coupal and Jack Cohen.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 amended the California Constitution by adding Article XIII C and Article XIII D. Article XIII C relates to voter approval requirements for local government taxes." ] ]

[ 2, 33, 4, 8 ]

[ "Yeah, it's the most common type of poultry in the world that people eat. and was also one of the first domesticated animals", "probably their size. Poultry also includes other birds killed for their meat, like pigeons, but not similar wild birds hunted for sport .", "It's prepared in a lot of ways that vary by region and culture usually.", "In the past it was eaten over most of eh Eastern hemisphere and different kinds were eaten, capons, pullets and hens" ]

[ "List of chicken dishes", "List of chicken dishes", "List of chicken dishes", "List of chicken dishes" ]

[ "Digital art", "Totally! Especially when the artists use those digital drawing pads that you can hook up to the computer.", "Why the different name changes? Don't these all kinda mean the same thing?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices.", "Digital art __knowledge__ More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ In an expanded sense, \"digital art\" is contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media.", "Digital art __knowledge__ The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by film-makers to produce visual effects.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices.", "Digital art __knowledge__ More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ In an expanded sense, \"digital art\" is contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media.", "Digital art __knowledge__ The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by film-makers to produce visual effects.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work.", "Penciller __knowledge__ A penciller (or penciler) is a collaboration artist who works in creation of comic books, graphic novels, and similar visual art forms, with focus on primary pencil illustrations, hence the term \"penciller\".", "Penciller __knowledge__ In the American comic book industry, the penciller is the first step in rendering the story in visual form, and may require several steps of feedback with the writer.", "Penciller __knowledge__ These artists are concerned with layout (positions and vantages on scenes) to showcase steps in the plot.", "Penciller __knowledge__ A penciller works in pencil.", "Penciller __knowledge__ Beyond this basic description, however, different artists choose to use a wide variety of different tools.", "Cyborg __knowledge__ A cyborg (short for \"cybernetic organism\") is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts.", "Cyborg __knowledge__ The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline.", "Cyborg __knowledge__ The term cyborg is not the same thing as bionic, biorobot or android; it applies to an organism that has restored function or enhanced abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on some sort of feedback.", "Cyborg __knowledge__ While cyborgs are commonly thought of as mammals, including humans, they might also conceivably be any kind of organism.", "Cyborg __knowledge__ D. S. Halacy's \"Cyborg: Evolution of the Superman\" in 1965 featured an introduction which spoke of a \"new frontier\" that was \"not merely space, but more profoundly the relationship between 'inner space' to 'outer space' – a bridge...between mind and matter.\"", "Digital illustration __knowledge__ Computer illustration or digital illustration is the use of digital tools to produce images under the direct manipulation of the artist, usually through a pointing device such as a tablet or a mouse.", "Digital illustration __knowledge__ It is distinguished from computer-\"generated\" art, which is produced by a computer using mathematical models created by the artist.", "Digital illustration __knowledge__ It is also distinct from digital manipulation of photographs, in that it is an original construction \"from scratch\".", "Digital illustration __knowledge__ (Photographic elements may be incorporated into such works, but they are not necessarily the primary basis or source for them.)", "Digital illustration __knowledge__ Mice are not very precise for drawing, so a graphics tablet is an important tool for a digital illustrator, because it allows the user to make a mark easily in any direction, in a way that reflects the natural or \"lively\" line made by the human hand.", "Kabaret Olgi Lipińskiej __knowledge__ Kabaret Olgi Lipińskiej is a long series of TV shows directed by Warsaw theatre director and satirical artist Olga Lipińska.", "Kabaret Olgi Lipińskiej __knowledge__ The cabaret was inaugurated in 1974 (under a different name) and subsequently closed in 1984 under the military rule in Communist Poland.", "Kabaret Olgi Lipińskiej __knowledge__ It was re-established soon after the collapse of the Soviet empire in 1990, and broadcast until 2005 five to six times a year, for about half an hour.", "Kabaret Olgi Lipińskiej __knowledge__ It was taken off the air again, this time for five years due to criticism in the press, and brought back in June 2010 by the TV station TVP2.", "Kabaret Olgi Lipińskiej __knowledge__ Olga Lipińska began producing satirical programs for Telewizja Polska in the late 1960s.", "Günter Herlitz __knowledge__ Günter Herlitz (February 9, 1913 – September 11, 2010) was born in Berlin as the son of , founder of the Herlitz stationery company.", "Günter Herlitz __knowledge__ Following the founding of the company by his father in 1904, Günter Herlitz took over the business in 1935.", "Günter Herlitz __knowledge__ He expanded the company from Berlin into Mark Brandenburg and already counted six employees to help with the business.", "Günter Herlitz __knowledge__ When he was conscripted for military service during the Second World War, Günter Herlitz’s mother took on the running of the business.", "Günter Herlitz __knowledge__ During the Second World War, the business premises were destroyed by bombs several times, and thus Günter Herlitz resumed business operations in 1945, following completion of his military service, in a basement in the Berlin district of Moabit.", "One-time pad __knowledge__ In cryptography, the one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked, but requires the use of a one-time pre-shared key the same size as, or longer than, the message being sent.", "One-time pad __knowledge__ In this technique, a plaintext is paired with a random secret key (also referred to as \"a one-time pad\").", "One-time pad __knowledge__ Then, each bit or character of the plaintext is encrypted by combining it with the corresponding bit or character from the pad using modular addition.", "One-time pad __knowledge__ If the key is truly random, is at least as long as the plaintext, is never reused in whole or in part, and is kept completely secret, then the resulting ciphertext will be impossible to decrypt or break.", "Graphics tablet __knowledge__ A graphic tablet (also known as a digitizer, drawing tablet, digital drawing tablet, pen tablet, or digital art board) is a computer input device that enables a user to hand-draw images, animations and graphics, with a special pen-like stylus, similar to the way a person draws images with a pencil and paper.", "Graphics tablet __knowledge__ These tablets may also be used to capture data or handwritten signatures.", "Graphics tablet __knowledge__ It can also be used to trace an image from a piece of paper which is taped or otherwise secured to the tablet surface.", "Graphics tablet __knowledge__ Capturing data in this way, by tracing or entering the corners of linear poly-lines or shapes, is called digitizing.", "Austin Museum of Digital Art __knowledge__ The Austin Museum of Digital Art (AMODA), located in Austin, Texas, is the first museum dedicated exclusively to the display of digital art.", "Austin Museum of Digital Art __knowledge__ AMODA was founded in 1997 by Harold Chaput, Samantha Krukowski and Chris Rankin in response to the abundance of digital art in the local scene and the absence of venues for such art.", "Austin Museum of Digital Art __knowledge__ AMODA has not only presented local artwork, but has brought digital art and digital artists from around the globe to Austin.", "Austin Museum of Digital Art __knowledge__ By putting local and global works and acts next to each other, AMODA has contributed to the already growing digital art and music scene in Austin, while gaining recognition around the world as an important museum that has shaped the definition of digital art.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Digital literacy __knowledge__ Digital literacy is the set of competencies required for full participation in a knowledge society.", "Digital literacy __knowledge__ It includes knowledge, skills, and behaviors involving the effective use of digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop PCs for purposes of communication, expression, collaboration and advocacy.", "Digital literacy __knowledge__ While digital literacy initially focused on digital skills and stand-alone computers, the focus has shifted from stand-alone to network devices including the Internet and social media.", "Digital literacy __knowledge__ The term digital literacy was simplified by Paul Gilster in his 1997 book Digital Literacy.", "Digital literacy __knowledge__ Gilster described digital literacy as the usage and comprehension of information in the digital age, and also emphasized the importance of digital technologies as an \"essential life skill.\"", "Lovebytes __knowledge__ Lovebytes is a digital arts organisation based in Sheffield, UK, established in 1994 and best known for the Lovebytes International Festival of Digital Art.", "Lovebytes __knowledge__ Founded by Jon Harrison and Janet Jennings who are the directors of the organisation.", "Lovebytes __knowledge__ Lovebytes explores the cultural and creative potential of digital technology.", "Lovebytes __knowledge__ The festival is a platform for innovative and experimental new work in the fields of digital art, music, film, interactive media and creative software.", "Lovebytes __knowledge__ The programme includes specially commissioned multimedia performances and interactive installations in public spaces supported by film screenings, talks, workshops and educational projects.", "Digital native __knowledge__ The term digital native describes a person that grows-up in the digital age, rather than acquiring familiarity with digital systems as an adult, as a digital immigrant.", "Digital native __knowledge__ Both terms were used as early as 1996 as part of the Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace.", "Digital native __knowledge__ They were popularized by education consultant Marc Prensky in his 2001 article entitled \"Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants\", in which he relates the contemporary decline in American education to educators' failure to understand the needs of modern students.", "Digital native __knowledge__ His article posited that \"the arrival and rapid dissemination of digital technology in the last decade of the 20th century\" had changed the way students think and process information, making it difficult for them to excel academically using the outdated teaching methods of the day.", "Michael Betancourt __knowledge__ Michael Betancourt (born 1971) is a critical theorist, film theorist, art and film historian, and animator.", "Michael Betancourt __knowledge__ His principal published works focus on the critique of digital capitalism, visual music, new media art and theory, and formalist study of motion pictures.", "Michael Betancourt __knowledge__ Betancourt's father is archaeologist Philip P. Betancourt, and his brother is author John Gregory Betancourt.", "Michael Betancourt __knowledge__ He spent his summers in Crete, Greece, working as a photographer on his father's excavation at Pseira.", "Michael Betancourt __knowledge__ His first film exhibition was \"Archaeomodern\", shown in the \"Ann Arbor Festival of Experimental Film\" in 1993.", "Michael Betancourt __knowledge__ In 1995, his film \"a self-referential film in 30 sentences\" won a Director's Citation award at the \"Black Maria Film Festival.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices.", "Digital art __knowledge__ More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ In an expanded sense, \"digital art\" is contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media.", "Digital art __knowledge__ The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by film-makers to produce visual effects.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work.", "List of renamed places in South Africa __knowledge__ Since 1994, there have been a large number of places in South Africa which have been renamed for political, ethnic, or even economic reasons.", "List of renamed places in South Africa __knowledge__ These name changes were at first to remove politically motivated, incorrectly spelt or offensive names (such as those named after apartheid leaders) from the South African landscape.", "List of renamed places in South Africa __knowledge__ However, since 2000 these name changes have targeted places of mostly Afrikaans but also English-speaking origin, with many places now named after anti-apartheid activists.", "List of renamed places in South Africa __knowledge__ The following article covers the name changes in South Africa by province since the first multi-racial elections in 1994.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ \"Something Kinda Ooooh\" is a song by British all-female pop group Girls Aloud, taken from their first greatest hits collection \"\" (2006).", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ The song was written by Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins and his production team Xenomania, and produced by Higgins and Xenomania.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ Inspired by 1980s pop and George Michael, \"Something Kinda Ooooh\" was released as a single in October 2006.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ It returned Girls Aloud to the top three of the UK Singles Chart for the first time in two years.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ It also made Girls Aloud the first British act to debut in the top five on the chart based on legal download sales alone.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ The music video shows Girls Aloud driving sports cars.", "Name change __knowledge__ Name change generally refers to the legal act by a person of adopting a new name different from their name at birth, marriage or adoption.", "Name change __knowledge__ The procedures and ease of a name change vary between jurisdictions.", "Name change __knowledge__ In general, common law jurisdictions have loose procedures for a name change while civil law jurisdictions are more restrictive.", "Name change __knowledge__ A pseudonym is a name that differs from the original or true name and does not require legal sanction.", "Name change __knowledge__ It is generally adopted to conceal a person's identity, but can also be done for personal, social or ideological reasons.", "Name change __knowledge__ In the United States, state laws regulate name changes.", "Geographical name changes in Turkey __knowledge__ Geographical name changes in Turkey have been undertaken, periodically, in bulk from 1913 to the present by successive Turkish governments.", "Geographical name changes in Turkey __knowledge__ Thousands of names within the Turkish Republic or the Ottoman Empire have lost or departed from their popular or historic alternatives in favour of recognizably Turkish names, as part of the Turkification policy.", "Geographical name changes in Turkey __knowledge__ The governments have argued that such names are foreign or divisive.", "Geographical name changes in Turkey __knowledge__ Names changed were usually of Armenian, Greek, Georgian (Including Laz), Bulgarian, Kurdish, Assyrian, or Arabic origin.", "Geographical name changes in Turkey __knowledge__ Turkey's efforts to join the European Union in the early 21st century have led to a decrease in the incidence of such changes from local, and particularly the central government.", "Kinda (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Kinda is the third serial of the 19th season in the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from 1 February to 9 February 1982.", "Kinda (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ An Earth colonisation survey expedition to the beautiful jungle planet Deva Loka is being depleted as members of the survey disappear one by one.", "Kinda (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Four have gone, leaving the remainder somewhat apprehensive.", "Kinda (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Sanders relies on bombast and rules, while Hindle his deputy, is close to breaking point.", "Kinda (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Only Todd the scientific officer, seems to deal with the situation with equanimity.", "Kinda (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ She does not see the native people, the Kinda, as a threat but rather respects their culture and is intrigued by their power of telepathy.", "Red Hot Kinda Love __knowledge__ \"Red Hot Kinda Love\" is a song by American recording artist Christina Aguilera from her seventh studio album, \"Lotus\" (2012).", "Red Hot Kinda Love __knowledge__ The song was written by Aguilera, Lucas Secon and Olivia Waithe, with production done by Secon.", "Red Hot Kinda Love __knowledge__ It is a multi-genre song, combining dance, disco, hip hop, Latin and pop.", "Red Hot Kinda Love __knowledge__ The track makes use of two samples: \"The Whole Wide World Ain't Nothin' But a Party\" performed by Mark Radice and \"54-46 That's My Number\" performed by Toots & the Maytals.", "Red Hot Kinda Love __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song talks about Aguilera's attempts to impress the man she is flirting with and she will not go home without him.", "Red Hot Kinda Love __knowledge__ Its structure received comparisons to songs performed by Britney Spears and Kylie Minogue.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Andrew Michael Reynolds (born June 6, 1978) is a professional street skateboarder.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and owner of Baker Skateboards; a part owner of Brigada Eyewear; a partner in Bakerboys Distribution (distributors of Baker Skateboards, Shake Junt, Deathwish Skateboards, Heroin Skateboards, Palace Skateboards, Hammers Skateboards, Death Lens, and Ashbury Eyewear), and head designer at Altamont Apparel.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Reynolds was a competitor in the 2014 Street League Skateboarding (SLS) contest series and finished with an overall ranking of 25.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He first picked up a board when he was 9 years old.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Influenced by Powell videos at the time, Andrew began to skate jump ramps as well as wall rides.", "Desmond Paul Henry __knowledge__ Desmond Paul Henry (1921–2004) was a Manchester University Lecturer and Reader in Philosophy (1949–82).", "Desmond Paul Henry __knowledge__ He was one of the first British artists to experiment with machine-generated visual effects at the time of the emerging global computer art movement of the 1960s (The Cambridge Encyclopaedia 1990 p. 289; Levy 2006 pp.", "Desmond Paul Henry __knowledge__ 178–180).", "Desmond Paul Henry __knowledge__ During this period, Henry constructed a succession of three drawing machines from modified bombsight analogue computers which were employed in World War II bombers to calculate the accurate release of bombs onto their targets (O'Hanrahan 2005).", "Desmond Paul Henry __knowledge__ Henry's machine-generated effects resemble complex versions of the abstract, curvilinear graphics which accompany Microsoft's Windows Media Player.", "Computer art __knowledge__ Computer art is any art in which computers play a role in production or display of the artwork.", "Computer art __knowledge__ Such art can be an image, sound, animation, video, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, video game, website, algorithm, performance or gallery installation.", "Computer art __knowledge__ Many traditional disciplines are now integrating digital technologies and, as a result, the lines between traditional works of art and new media works created using computers has been blurred.", "Computer art __knowledge__ For instance, an artist may combine traditional painting with algorithm art and other digital techniques.", "Computer art __knowledge__ As a result, defining computer art by its end product can thus be difficult.", "A. Michael Noll __knowledge__ A. Michael Noll (born 1939, Newark, New Jersey) is an American engineer, and professor emeritus at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California.", "A. Michael Noll __knowledge__ He served as dean of the Annenberg School from 1992 to 1994.", "A. Michael Noll __knowledge__ He was a very early pioneer in digital computer art and 3D animation and tactile communication.", "A. Michael Noll __knowledge__ Noll has a B.S.E.E.", "A. Michael Noll __knowledge__ from Newark College of Engineering (currently known as \"New Jersey Institute of Technology\"), an M.E.E.", "A. Michael Noll __knowledge__ from New York University, and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.", "A. Michael Noll __knowledge__ Before joining the Annenberg School for Communication, Noll had a varied career in basic research, telecommunication marketing, and science policy.", "Postmodern art __knowledge__ Postmodern art is a body of art movements that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed in its aftermath.", "Postmodern art __knowledge__ In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern.", "Postmodern art __knowledge__ There are several characteristics which lend art to being postmodern; these include bricolage, the use of words prominently as the central artistic element, collage, simplification, appropriation, performance art, the recycling of past styles and themes in a modern-day context, as well as the break-up of the barrier between fine and high arts and low art and popular culture.", "Austin Museum of Digital Art __knowledge__ The Austin Museum of Digital Art (AMODA), located in Austin, Texas, is the first museum dedicated exclusively to the display of digital art.", "Austin Museum of Digital Art __knowledge__ AMODA was founded in 1997 by Harold Chaput, Samantha Krukowski and Chris Rankin in response to the abundance of digital art in the local scene and the absence of venues for such art.", "Austin Museum of Digital Art __knowledge__ AMODA has not only presented local artwork, but has brought digital art and digital artists from around the globe to Austin.", "Austin Museum of Digital Art __knowledge__ By putting local and global works and acts next to each other, AMODA has contributed to the already growing digital art and music scene in Austin, while gaining recognition around the world as an important museum that has shaped the definition of digital art.", "Kathy Rae Huffman __knowledge__ Kathy Rae Huffman is an American curator, writer, producer, researcher, lecturer and expert for video and media art.", "Kathy Rae Huffman __knowledge__ Since the early 1980s, Huffman is said to have helped establish video and new media art, online and interactive art, installation and performance art in the visual arts world.", "Kathy Rae Huffman __knowledge__ She has curated, written about, and coordinated events for numerous international art institutes, consulted and juried for festivals and alternative arts organisations.", "Kathy Rae Huffman __knowledge__ Huffman not only introduced video and digital computer art to museum exhibitions, she also pioneered tirelessly to bring television channels and video artists together, in order to show video artworks on TV." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Do you like digital art? It's where art is produced using digital technology.", "Yeah it's cool to watch! Digital art has been called several names since the 1970s, such as computer art and multimedia art.", "Well it is a new form of art so it is likely to be called different things by different people. However, Digital art is under a larger umbrella called new media art." ]

[ "Digital art", "Digital art", "Digital art" ]

[ "Overweight", "Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.", "the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement, flexibility, and alter the appearance of the body." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.", "Overweight __knowledge__ , excess weight reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults being either overweight or obese.", "Overweight __knowledge__ In 2013 this increased to more than 2 billion.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Increases have been observed across all age groups.", "Overweight __knowledge__ A healthy body requires a minimum amount of fat for proper functioning of the hormonal, reproductive, and immune systems, as thermal insulation, as shock absorption for sensitive areas, and as energy for future use.", "Overweight __knowledge__ But the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement, flexibility, and alter the appearance of the body.", "Overweight __knowledge__ The degree to which a person is overweight is generally described by the body mass index (BMI).", "Overweight __knowledge__ \"Overweight\" is defined as a BMI of 25 or more, thus it includes pre-obesity defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 and obesity as defined by a BMI of 30 or more.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Pre-obese and overweight however are often used interchangeably, thus giving overweight a common definition of a BMI of between 25–30.", "Overweight __knowledge__ There are, however, several other common ways to measure the amount of adiposity or fat present in an individual's body." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.", "Overweight __knowledge__ , excess weight reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults being either overweight or obese.", "Overweight __knowledge__ In 2013 this increased to more than 2 billion.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Increases have been observed across all age groups.", "Overweight __knowledge__ A healthy body requires a minimum amount of fat for proper functioning of the hormonal, reproductive, and immune systems, as thermal insulation, as shock absorption for sensitive areas, and as energy for future use.", "Overweight __knowledge__ But the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement, flexibility, and alter the appearance of the body.", "Overweight __knowledge__ The degree to which a person is overweight is generally described by the body mass index (BMI).", "Overweight __knowledge__ \"Overweight\" is defined as a BMI of 25 or more, thus it includes pre-obesity defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 and obesity as defined by a BMI of 30 or more.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Pre-obese and overweight however are often used interchangeably, thus giving overweight a common definition of a BMI of between 25–30.", "Overweight __knowledge__ There are, however, several other common ways to measure the amount of adiposity or fat present in an individual's body.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ Obesity in North Africa and the Middle East is a notable health issue.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ In 2005, the World Health Organization measured that 1.6 billion people were overweight and 400 million were obese.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ It estimates that by the year 2015, 2.3 billion people will be overweight and 700 million will be obese.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ The Middle East, including the Arabian Peninsula, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey and Iran, and North Africa, are no exception to the worldwide increase in obesity.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ Subsequently, some call this trend the New World Syndrome.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ The lifestyle changes associated with the discovery of oil and the subsequent increase in wealth is one contributing factor.", "Childhood obesity in Australia __knowledge__ Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of fat and is predominantly caused when there is an energy imbalance between calorie consumption and calorie expenditure.", "Childhood obesity in Australia __knowledge__ Childhood obesity is becoming an increasing concern worldwide, and Australia alone recognizes that 1 in 4 children are either overweight or obese.", "Childhood obesity in Australia __knowledge__ For Australians aged between 4 and 17 years, obesity is a very concerning condition as once gained it is favourably harder to be liberated from.", "Childhood obesity in Australia __knowledge__ Short-term effects on children can mean a decrease in their psychological well-being (stigmatisation and poor self-esteem) as well as physical deteriorations such as sleep apnea, breathlessness and cardiovascular disease.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ Obesity in the United States has been increasingly cited as a major health issue in recent decades, resulting in diseases such as coronary heart disease that lead to mortality.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ While many industrialized countries have experienced similar increases, obesity rates in the United States are the highest in the world.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ Obesity has continued to grow within the United States.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ Two of every three American men are considered to be overweight or obese, but the rates for women are far higher.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ The United States contains one of the highest percentage of obese people in the world.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ An obese person in America incurs an average of $1,429 more in medical expenses annually.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or well-being.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ As methods to determine body fat directly are difficult, the diagnosis of obesity is often based on BMI.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Due to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ The term overweight rather than obese is often used in children as it is less stigmatizing.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Body mass index (BMI) is acceptable for determining obesity for children two years of age and older.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ It is determined by the ratio of weight to height.", "Obesity in Australia __knowledge__ According to 2007 statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), Australia has the third-highest prevalence of overweight adults in the English-speaking world.Obesity in Australia is an \"epidemic\" with \"increasing frequency.\"", "Obesity in Australia __knowledge__ \"The Medical Journal of Australia\" found that obesity in Australia more than doubled in the two decades preceding 2003, and the unprecedented rise in obesity has been compared to the same health crisis in America.", "Obesity in Australia __knowledge__ The rise in obesity has been attributed to poor eating habits in the country closely related to the availability of fast food since the 1970s, sedentary lifestyles and a decrease in the labour workforce.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.", "Obesity __knowledge__ People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over , with the range defined as overweight.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Some East Asian countries use lower values.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis and depression.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility.", "List of countries by Sen social welfare function __knowledge__ The social welfare function, proposed by Amartya Sen in 1973, is a measure of a society's overall welfare.", "List of countries by Sen social welfare function __knowledge__ It is calculated as the product of GDP per capita and the difference between 1 and the society's gini coefficient: The table below shows Sen's social welfare function using data from the CIA and another version using data from the IMF and UN.", "List of countries by Sen social welfare function __knowledge__ The GDP per capita numbers are adjusted for purchasing power parity.", "List of countries by Sen social welfare function __knowledge__ GNI per capita PPP multiplied by (1 - Gini), using the latest data available for each country up to 2015 mostly from http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=countries+(gni+per+capita+ppp)*(1-gini) 1 | Qatar | $82884 per year per person x | Macau | $78578 per year per person 2 | Luxembourg | $49242 per year per person 3 | Norway | $47861 per year per person 4 | Singapore | $43518 per year per person 5 | Switzerland | $42335 per year per person 6 | Netherlands | $34853 per year per person 7 | Sweden | $34443 per year per person 8 | Denmark | $33907 per year per person 9 | Germany | $33719 per year per person 10 | Iceland | $33695 per year per person 11 | United States | $33260 per year per person 12 | Austria | $33029 per year per person 13 | Belgium | $31933 per year per person 14 | Ireland | $31317 per year per person xx | Taiwan | $31063 per year per person 15 | Finland | $29764 per year per person 16 | Canada | $29161 per year per person xx | Saudi Arabia| $28906 per year per person 17 | Australia | $28997 per year per person 18 | United Kingdom | $27343 per year per person 19 | France | $27074 per year per person 20 | Hong Kong | $26692 per year per person 21 | Japan | $26389 per year per person 22 | South Korea | $23738 per year per person 23 | Italy | $23245 per year per person 24 | Slovenia | $22941 per year per person 25 | New Zealand | $22775 per year per person 26 | Czech Republic | $22471 per year per person 27 | Spain | $22112 per year per person 28 | Slovakia | $20834 per year per person 29 | Cyprus | $20259 per year per person 30 | Israel | $19993 per year per person 31 | Estonia | $18390 per year per person 32 | Portugal | $18286 per year per person 33 | Kazakhstan | $17867 per year per person 34 | Trinidad and Tobago | $17698 per year per person 35 | Lithuania | $17289 per year per person 36 | Poland | $17173 per year per person 37 | Hungary | $17106 per year per person 38 | Greece | $16963 per year per person 39 | Latvia | $15627 per year per person 40 | Romania | $15188 per year per person 41 | Croatia | $14781 per year per person 42 | Seychelles | $14742 per year per person 43 | Azerbaijan | $14288 per year per person 44 | Malaysia | $14048 per year per person 45 | Russia | $13896 per year per person 46 | Belarus | $12460 per year per person 47 | Mauritius | $12376 per year per person 48 | Uruguay | $11835 per year per person 49 | Turkey | $11583 per year per person 50 | Iran | $10901 per year per person 51 | Gabon | $10876 per year per person 52 | Chile | $10772 per year per person 53 | Bulgaria | $10744 per year per person 54 | Montenegro | $10616 per year per person 55 | Iraq | $10463 per year per person 56 | Panama | $10009 per year per person 57 | Venezuela | $9408 per year per person 58 | Turkmenistan | $9335 per year per person 59 | Thailand | $9239 per year per person 60 | Algeria | $9235 per year per person 61 | Serbia | $9005 per year per person 62 | Mexico | $8906 per year per person 63 | Albania | $7914 per year per person 64 | Macedonia | $7592 per year per person 65 | Costa Rica | $7562 per year per person 66 | China | $7519 per year per person 67 | Egypt | $7403 per year per person 68 | Mongolia | $7334 per year per person 69 | Kosovo | $7212 per year per person 70 | Dominican Republic | $7183 per year per person 71 | Suriname | $7151 per year per person 72 | Maldives | $7150 per year per person 73 | Jordan | $7125 per year per person 74 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | $7104 per year per person 75 | Tunisia | $7099 per year per person 76 | Brazil | $7079 per year per person 77 | Sri Lanka | $7051 per year per person 78 | Indonesia | $6881 per year per person 79 | Argentina | $6771 per year per person 80 | Peru | $6610 per year per person 81 | Colombia | $6288 per year per person 82 | Saint Lucia | $6213 per year per person 83 | Botswana | $6168 per year per person 84 | Armenia | $5970 per year per person 85 | Ecuador | $5898 per year per person 86 | Ukraine | $5893 per year per person 87 | Georgia | $5643 per year per person 88 | Philippines | $5069 per year per person 89 | Fiji | $4978 per year per person 90 | Jamaica | $4832 per year per person 91 | South Africa | $4698 per year per person 92 | Bhutan | $4669 per year per person 93 | El Salvador | $4643 per year per person 94 | Morocco | $4553 per year per person 95 | Paraguay | $4482 per year per person 96 | Guyana | $4170 per year per person 97 | Namibia | $4051 per year per person 98 | India | $3979 per year per person 99 | Uzbekistan | $3955 per year per person 100 | Swaziland | $3903 per year per person 101 | Moldova | $3824 per year per person 102 | Republic of the Congo | $3770 per year per person 103 | Pakistan | $3767 per year per person 104 | Angola | $3695 per year per person 105 | Belize | $3683 per year per person 106 | Guatemala | $3579 per year per person 107 | Bolivia | $3553 per year per person 108 | Vietnam | $3488 per year per person 109 | Laos | $3342 per year per person 110 | West Bank | $3323 per year per person 111 | Nigeria | $3308 per year per person 112 | Samoa | $3278 per year per person 113 | Tonga | $3275 per year per person 114 | Syria | $2897 per year per person 115 | Nicaragua | $2741 per year per person 116 | Sudan | $2636 per year per person 117 | East Timor | $2614 per year per person 118 | Kiribati | $2589 per year per person 119 | Cape Verde | $2439 per year per person 120 | Bangladesh | $2415 per year per person 121 | Kyrgyzstan | $2397 per year per person 122 | Yemen | $2346 per year per person 123 | Ghana | $2329 per year per person 124 | Mauritania | $2319 per year per person 125 | Tajikistan | $2298 per year per person 126 | Cambodia | $2278 per year per person 127 | Honduras | $2196 per year per person 128 | São Tomé and Príncipe | $2186 per year per person 129 | Vanuatu | $1910 per year per person 130 | Ivory Coast | $1841 per year per person 131 | Cameroon | $1761 per year per person 132 | Nepal | $1681 per year per person 133 | Tanzania | $1630 per year per person 134 | Zambia | $1624 per year per person 135 | Mali | $1580 per year per person 136 | Kenya | $1576 per year per person 137 | Papua New Guinea | $1571 per year per person 138 | Lesotho | $1448 per year per person 139 | Afghanistan | $1436 per year per person 140 | Senegal | $1427 per year per person 141 | Micronesia | $1398 per year per person 142 | Djibouti | $1218 per year per person 143 | Chad | $1196 per year per person 144 | Benin | $1188 per year per person 145 | Solomon Islands | $1175 per year per person 146 | Ethiopia | $1083 per year per person 147 | Sierra Leone | $1030 per year per person 148 | Uganda | $1026 per year per person 149 | Burkina Faso | $988 per year per person 150 | South Sudan | $888 per year per person 151 | Zimbabwe | $848 per year per person 152 | Rwanda | $837 per year per person 153 | Gambia | $832 per year per person 154 | Madagascar | $831 per year per person 155 | Guinea | $742 per year per person 156 | Guinea-Bissau | $715 per year per person 157 | Togo | $713 per year per person 158 | Haiti | $690 per year per person 159 | Niger | $651 per year per person 160 | Mozambique | $637 per year per person 161 | Comoros | $630 per year per person 162 | Malawi | $614 per year per person 163 | Burundi | $486 per year per person 164 | Liberia | $457 per year per person xxx | North Korea | $450 per year per person (Gini estimated at 0.75 from https://piie.com/blogs/north-korea-witness-transformation/distribution-income-north-korea) 165 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | $417 per year per person 166 | Central African Republic | $263 per year per person", "Healthcare reform debate in the United States __knowledge__ The healthcare reform debate in the United States has been a political issue focusing upon increasing medical coverage, decreasing costs, insurance reform, and the philosophy of its provision, funding, and government involvement.", "Healthcare reform debate in the United States __knowledge__ Following the election of Barack Obama as president, who campaigned heavily on accomplishing health care reform, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted in March 2010.", "Healthcare reform debate in the United States __knowledge__ However, in the next election of Donald Trump as president, he campaigned to repeal and replace Obamacare and came up with a seven-point plan for healthcare reform.", "Healthcare reform debate in the United States __knowledge__ With this seven point plan President Trump discussed that the healthcare system would work based on free market principles.", "Body mass index __knowledge__ The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual.", "Body mass index __knowledge__ The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres.", "Body mass index __knowledge__ The BMI may also be determined using a table or chart which displays BMI as a function of mass and height using contour lines or colours for different BMI categories, and which may use other units of measurement (converted to metric units for the calculation).", "Body mass index __knowledge__ The BMI is an attempt to quantify the amount of tissue mass (muscle, fat, and bone) in an individual, and then categorize that person as \"underweight\", \"normal weight\", \"overweight\", or \"obese\" based on that value.", "Cherokee Commission __knowledge__ The Cherokee Commission, was a three-person bi-partisan body created by President Benjamin Harrison to operate under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, as empowered by Section 14 of the Indian Appropriations Act of March 2, 1889.", "Cherokee Commission __knowledge__ Section 15 of the same Act empowered the President to open land for settlement.", "Cherokee Commission __knowledge__ The Commission's purpose was to legally acquire land occupied by the Cherokee Nation and other tribes in the Oklahoma Territory for non-indigenous homestead acreage .", "Cherokee Commission __knowledge__ Eleven agreements involving nineteen tribes were signed over the period of May 1890 through November 1892.", "Cherokee Commission __knowledge__ The tribes resisted cession." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.", "Overweight __knowledge__ , excess weight reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults being either overweight or obese.", "Overweight __knowledge__ In 2013 this increased to more than 2 billion.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Increases have been observed across all age groups.", "Overweight __knowledge__ A healthy body requires a minimum amount of fat for proper functioning of the hormonal, reproductive, and immune systems, as thermal insulation, as shock absorption for sensitive areas, and as energy for future use.", "Overweight __knowledge__ But the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement, flexibility, and alter the appearance of the body.", "Overweight __knowledge__ The degree to which a person is overweight is generally described by the body mass index (BMI).", "Overweight __knowledge__ \"Overweight\" is defined as a BMI of 25 or more, thus it includes pre-obesity defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 and obesity as defined by a BMI of 30 or more.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Pre-obese and overweight however are often used interchangeably, thus giving overweight a common definition of a BMI of between 25–30.", "Overweight __knowledge__ There are, however, several other common ways to measure the amount of adiposity or fat present in an individual's body.", "Breast augmentation __knowledge__ Breast augmentation and augmentation mammoplasty (colloquially known as a \"boob job\") are plastic surgery terms for the breast-implant and the fat-graft mammoplasty approaches used to increase the size, change the shape, and alter the texture of the breasts of a woman.", "Breast augmentation __knowledge__ As a primary reconstruction, augmentation mammoplasty is applied to effect a post–mastectomy breast reconstruction, the repair of the chest wound consequent to the removal of a cancerous breast; to correct congenital defects of the breast(s); and to correct congenital defects of the chest wall.", "Breast augmentation __knowledge__ As an elective, cosmetic surgery, primary augmentation changes the aestheticsof size, shape, and textureof healthy breasts.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ In biology, adipose tissue , body fat, or simply fat is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ In addition to adipocytes, adipose tissue contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Adipose tissue is derived from preadipocytes.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Its main role is to store energy in the form of lipids, although it also cushions and insulates the body.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Far from being hormonally inert, adipose tissue has, in recent years, been recognized as a major endocrine organ, as it produces hormones such as leptin, estrogen, resistin, and the cytokine TNFα.", "Abdominal obesity __knowledge__ Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity, is when excessive abdominal fat around the stomach and abdomen has built up to the extent that it is likely to have a negative impact on health.", "Abdominal obesity __knowledge__ There is a strong correlation between central obesity and cardiovascular disease.", "Abdominal obesity __knowledge__ Abdominal obesity is not confined only to the elderly and obese subjects.", "Abdominal obesity __knowledge__ Abdominal obesity has been linked to Alzheimer's disease as well as other metabolic and vascular diseases.", "Abdominal obesity __knowledge__ Visceral and central abdominal fat and waist circumference show a strong association with type 2 diabetes.", "Abdominal obesity __knowledge__ Visceral fat, also known as organ fat or \"intra-abdominal fat\", is located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso, as opposed to subcutaneous fat, which is found underneath the skin, and intramuscular fat, which is found interspersed in skeletal muscle.", "Parkinson's disease __knowledge__ Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.", "Parkinson's disease __knowledge__ The symptoms generally come on slowly over time.", "Parkinson's disease __knowledge__ Early in the disease, the most obvious are shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking.", "Parkinson's disease __knowledge__ Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur.", "Parkinson's disease __knowledge__ Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease.", "Parkinson's disease __knowledge__ Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD.", "Parkinson's disease __knowledge__ Other symptoms include sensory, sleep, and emotional problems.", "Parkinson's disease __knowledge__ The main motor symptoms are collectively called \"parkinsonism\", or a \"parkinsonian syndrome\".", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ The body fat percentage (BFP) of a human or other living being is the total mass of fat divided by total body mass, times 100; body fat includes essential body fat and storage body fat.", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ Essential body fat is necessary to maintain life and reproductive functions.", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ The percentage of essential body fat for women is greater than that for men, due to the demands of childbearing and other hormonal functions.", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ The percentage of essential fat is 2–5% in men, and 10–13% in women (referenced through NASM).", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ Storage body fat consists of fat accumulation in adipose tissue, part of which protects internal organs in the chest and abdomen.", "Obesogen __knowledge__ Obesogens are foreign chemical compounds that disrupt normal development and balance of lipid metabolism, which in some cases, can lead to obesity.", "Obesogen __knowledge__ Obesogens may be functionally defined as chemicals that inappropriately alter lipid homeostasis and fat storage, change metabolic setpoints, disrupt energy balance or modify the regulation of appetite and satiety to promote fat accumulation and obesity.", "Obesogen __knowledge__ There are many different proposed mechanisms through which obesogens can interfere with the body's adipose tissue biology.", "Obesogen __knowledge__ These mechanisms include alterations in the action of metabolic sensors; dysregulation of sex steroid synthesis, action or breakdown; changes in the central integration of energy balance including the regulation of appetite and satiety; and reprogramming of metabolic setpoints.", "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere __knowledge__ The was an imperial concept created and promulgated for occupied Asian populations during 1930-45 by the Empire of Japan.", "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere __knowledge__ It extended greater than East Asia and promoted the cultural and economic unity of Northeast Asians, Southeast Asians, South Asians and Oceanians.", "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere __knowledge__ It also declared the intention to create a self-sufficient \"bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western powers\".", "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere __knowledge__ It was announced in a radio address entitled \"The International Situation and Japan's Position\" by Foreign Minister Hachirō Arita on 29 June 1940.", "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere __knowledge__ The intent and practical implementation of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere varied widely depending on the group and government department involved.", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations __knowledge__ The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian countries which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational and socio-cultural integration amongst its members and other Asian countries.", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations __knowledge__ Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam.", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations __knowledge__ Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully.", "Economy of East Asia __knowledge__ The economy of East Asia is home to one of the most economically dynamic places in the world.", "Economy of East Asia __knowledge__ It is home of some of the world's largest and most prosperous economies: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea.", "Economy of East Asia __knowledge__ In spite of decades of setbacks and turmoil, East Asia is now one of the most prosperous and technologically advanced regions in the world.", "Economy of East Asia __knowledge__ Driven by rapid modernization and specialization in advanced cutting edge high technology has allowed the East Asia to register high economic growth with the region being home to among some the most affluent nations with highest standards of living across the world.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.", "Obesity __knowledge__ People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over , with the range defined as overweight.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Some East Asian countries use lower values.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis and depression.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility.", "East Asia Summit __knowledge__ The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a forum held annually by leaders of, initially, 16 countries in the East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian regions.", "East Asia Summit __knowledge__ Membership expanded to 18 countries including the United States and Russia at the Sixth EAS in 2011.", "East Asia Summit __knowledge__ EAS meetings are held after annual ASEAN leaders' meetings.", "East Asia Summit __knowledge__ The first summit was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 14 December 2005.", "East Asia Summit __knowledge__ The concept of an East Asia Grouping has significant history going back to an idea first promoted in 1991 by then Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.", "East Asia Summit __knowledge__ The final report in 2002 of the East Asian Study Group, established by the ASEAN Plus Three countries, was based on an EAS involving ASEAN Plus Three, therefore not involving Australia, New Zealand, or India.", "East Asian Community __knowledge__ East Asian Community (EAC) is a proposed trade bloc for the East Asian and Southeast Asian countries that may arise out of either ASEAN Plus Three or the East Asia Summit (EAS).", "East Asian Community __knowledge__ The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed on 8 August 1967 by the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore, as a display of solidarity against communist expansion in Vietnam and insurgency within their own borders.", "East Asian Community __knowledge__ In 1990, Malaysia proposed a creation of an East Asia Economic Caucus composed of the ten-members of ASEAN (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand), the Peoples' Republic of China, Japan, and South Korea.", "East Asia __knowledge__ Northeast Asia or East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or pan-ethno-cultural terms.", "East Asia __knowledge__ Geographically and geopolitically, it includes Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea and South Korea.", "East Asia __knowledge__ The region was the cradle of various ancient civilizations such as Ancient China, ancient Japan, ancient Korea, and the Mongol Empire.", "East Asia __knowledge__ East Asia was one of the cradles of world civilization, with China, an ancient East Asian civilization being one of the earliest cradles of civilization in human history.", "East Asia __knowledge__ For thousands of years, China largely influenced East Asia as it was principally the leading civilization in the region exerting it's enormous prestige and influence on its neighbors." ] ]

[ 1, 39, 20 ]

[ "I think being overweight is over thought, it's just having a bit more weight then optimal, and that varies so much per person", "It's crazy to think that East Asia countries have lower values for what is considered over weight then we do.", "I suffer a little from abdominal obesity to a small degree, just a little extra around the stomach." ]

[ "Overweight", "Overweight", "Overweight" ]

[ "New York-style pizza\nPizza is seriously my favorite food. I've always wondered whats different about new york style pizza?", "So crust style is the only thing that makes it different?", "Isn't there a pizza war between chicago and new york pizza", "I see. Have you tried that type of pizza?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Regional variations exist throughout the Northeast and elsewhere in the U.S.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The first pizzeria in the United States of America was founded by Gennaro Lombardi in New York City's Little Italy in 1905.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An immigrant \"pizzaiolo\" (pizza maker) from Naples, he opened a grocery store in 1897; eight years later, it was licensed to sell pizza by New York State.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An employee, Antonio Totonno Pero, began making pizza, which sold for five cents a pie.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Many people, however, could not afford a whole pie and instead would offer what they could in return for a corresponding sized slice, which was wrapped in paper tied with string.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ California-style pizza (also known as California pizza or Gourmet pizza) is a style of single-serving pizza that combines New York and Italian thin crust with toppings from the California cuisine cooking style.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Its invention is generally attributed to chef Ed LaDou, and Chez Panisse, in Berkeley, California.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Wolfgang Puck, after meeting LaDou, popularized the style of pizza in the rest of the country.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ It is served in a number of California Cuisine restaurants.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Such restaurant chains as California Pizza Kitchen, Extreme Pizza, and Sammy's Woodfired Pizza are three major pizza franchises associated with California-style pizza.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ New Haven-style pizza, locally known as apizza (, from Neapolitan \"’a pizza\" () \"the pizza\"), is a style of Neapolitan pizza common in and around New Haven, Connecticut.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ It originated at the Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana and is now served in many other pizza restaurants in the area, most notably Sally's Apizza and Modern Apizza.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ This geographically limited pizza style has been favorably referenced by national critics.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ In a New Haven-style pizzeria, a \"plain\" pizza is crust, oregano, and tomato sauce with a little bit of grated pecorino romano cheese sprinkled on and does not include Mozzarella.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ Detroit-style pizza is a style of pizza developed in Detroit, Michigan.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ It is a rectangular pizza that has a thick deep-dish crisp crust and toppings such as pepperoni and mushrooms.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ What makes Detroit-style pizza different from Chicago and New York styles is the crust, which is extra thick and very crispy on the bottom.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The square shaped pizza is the result of being baked in a square pan, which is often not a pizza pan: industrial parts trays are often used, which were originally made to hold small parts in factories.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a Detroit-style pizza is occasionally twice-baked, and it is usually baked in a well-oiled pan to a chewy medium-well-done state that gives the bottom and edges of the crust a fried or crunchy texture.", "Tony Gemignani __knowledge__ Anthony Felix \"Tony\" Gemignani (born August 23, 1973) is a 12-time World Pizza Champion, master instructor at the International School of Pizza, two-time Food Network gold medalist, restaurateur, author and reality television personality.", "Tony Gemignani __knowledge__ Gemignani is the president of the World Pizza Champions, is also a Guinness World Record holder and is the owner and executive chef of several restaurants.", "Tony Gemignani __knowledge__ Gemignani coined the phrase \"F&F\"' to describe his restaurants; Restaurants which are Full Service and Fast Casual at the same time.", "Tony Gemignani __knowledge__ Gemignani was born in Fremont, California to Frank and Eileen Gemignani.", "Tony Gemignani __knowledge__ He grew up on his family's apricot farm with his grandfather, parents and older brother, and is a third generation Italian American." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Regional variations exist throughout the Northeast and elsewhere in the U.S.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The first pizzeria in the United States of America was founded by Gennaro Lombardi in New York City's Little Italy in 1905.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An immigrant \"pizzaiolo\" (pizza maker) from Naples, he opened a grocery store in 1897; eight years later, it was licensed to sell pizza by New York State.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An employee, Antonio Totonno Pero, began making pizza, which sold for five cents a pie.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Many people, however, could not afford a whole pie and instead would offer what they could in return for a corresponding sized slice, which was wrapped in paper tied with string.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin \"tectonicus\", from the \"pertaining to building\") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The geoscientific community accepted plate-tectonic theory after seafloor spreading was validated in the late 1950s and early 1960s.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates.", "South Dumdum __knowledge__ South Dumdum is a city and a municipality in North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.", "South Dumdum __knowledge__ South Dum Dum consists of localities like, Nagerbazar, Bangur Avenue, Dum Dum Park, Lake Town, Paikpara.", "South Dumdum __knowledge__ South Dumdum is located at .", "South Dumdum __knowledge__ India census, South Dumdum had a population of 392,150.", "South Dumdum __knowledge__ Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%.", "South Dumdum __knowledge__ South Dumdum has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 80%.", "South Dumdum __knowledge__ In South Dumdum, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be distinguished based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ The crusts of Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes, and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust.", "Vera of Las Vegas __knowledge__ Vera of Las Vegas is an opera by Daron Hagen with a libretto by Paul Muldoon based on a treatment co-written with the composer.", "Vera of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The Center for Contemporary Opera gave the staged premiere on 25 June 2003 at the Leonard Nimoy Thalia Theatre of Symphony Space in New York City.", "Vera of Las Vegas __knowledge__ Hagen and Muldoon, after the 1993 success of their first opera \"Shining Brow\", determined to create a three-act opera called \"Grand Concourse\".", "Vera of Las Vegas __knowledge__ Although the opera \"Vera of Las Vegas\" is published separately and may be performed as a freestanding work, the three-act opera is still considered a \"work in progress\" by the authors.", "Continental crust __knowledge__ The continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.", "Continental crust __knowledge__ This layer is sometimes called \"sial\" because its bulk composition is more felsic compared to the oceanic crust, called \"sima\" which has a more mafic bulk composition.", "Continental crust __knowledge__ Changes in seismic wave velocities have shown that at a certain depth (the Conrad discontinuity), there is a reasonably sharp contrast between the more felsic upper continental crust and the lower continental crust, which is more mafic in character.", "North Dumdum __knowledge__ North Dumdum is a city and a municipality in North 24 Parganas district located in North Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal.", "North Dumdum __knowledge__ It includes a major area of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport or the Kolkata Airport.", "North Dumdum __knowledge__ North Dum Dum is located at .", "North Dumdum __knowledge__ India census, North Dumdum had a population of 220,032.", "North Dumdum __knowledge__ Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%.", "North Dumdum __knowledge__ North Dumdum has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 79%.", "North Dumdum __knowledge__ In North Dumdum, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ Crust punk (also known as crustcore or simply crust) is a form of music influenced by English punk rock and extreme metal.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ The style, which evolved in the mid-1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on political and social ills.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ The term \"crust\" was coined by Hellbastard on their 1986 \"Ripper Crust\" demo.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ Crust is partly defined by its \"bassy\" and \"dirty\" sound.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ It is often played at a fast tempo with occasional slow sections.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ Vocals are usually guttural and may be grunted, growled or screamed.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ Crust punk takes cues from the anarcho-punk of Crass and Discharge and the extreme metal of bands like Venom, Hellhammer/Celtic Frost and Motörhead.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ California-style pizza (also known as California pizza or Gourmet pizza) is a style of single-serving pizza that combines New York and Italian thin crust with toppings from the California cuisine cooking style.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Its invention is generally attributed to chef Ed LaDou, and Chez Panisse, in Berkeley, California.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Wolfgang Puck, after meeting LaDou, popularized the style of pizza in the rest of the country.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ It is served in a number of California Cuisine restaurants.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Such restaurant chains as California Pizza Kitchen, Extreme Pizza, and Sammy's Woodfired Pizza are three major pizza franchises associated with California-style pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ St. Louis-style pizza is a distinct type of pizza popular in the Midwestern American city of St. Louis, Missouri and surrounding areas.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The definitive characteristics of St. Louis-style pizza are a very thin cracker like crust made without yeast, the common (but not universal) use of Provel processed cheese, and pizzas cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The thin, cracker-like round crust is made without yeast, as opposed to a deep dish Chicago-style pizza or the thin but leavened New York-style pizza.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a St. Louis pizza is somewhat crisp and cannot be folded easily so the pizza is typically cut into three- or four-inch squares or rectangles instead of the pie-like wedges typical of many pizza styles.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Regional variations exist throughout the Northeast and elsewhere in the U.S.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The first pizzeria in the United States of America was founded by Gennaro Lombardi in New York City's Little Italy in 1905.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An immigrant \"pizzaiolo\" (pizza maker) from Naples, he opened a grocery store in 1897; eight years later, it was licensed to sell pizza by New York State.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An employee, Antonio Totonno Pero, began making pizza, which sold for five cents a pie.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Many people, however, could not afford a whole pie and instead would offer what they could in return for a corresponding sized slice, which was wrapped in paper tied with string.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Patsy's Pizzeria is a historic coal-oven pizzeria in New York City and is regarded as one of New York's original pizzerias as well as for its use of traditional New York style thin crust pizza.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Patsy's Pizzeria was founded in what used to be the predominantly Italian neighborhood of East Harlem in 1933 by Pasquale \"Patsy\" Lanceri.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ When it opened it was one of New York's earliest pizzerias along with Lombardi's, Totonno's and John's.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Patsy's claims to have originated the idea of selling pizza by the slice.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Lancieri is said to have learned his craft at Lombardi's brick-walled coal oven.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ New York's pizza dynasties are now in their third and fourth generations, and counting.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "Geology of the United States __knowledge__ The richly textured landscape of the United States is a product of the dueling forces of plate tectonics, weathering and erosion.", "Geology of the United States __knowledge__ Over the 4.5 billion-year history of our Earth, tectonic upheavals and colliding plates have raised great mountain ranges while the forces of erosion and weathering worked to tear them down.", "Geology of the United States __knowledge__ Even after many millions of years, records of Earth's great upheavals remain imprinted as textural variations and surface patterns that define distinctive landscapes or provinces.", "Geology of the United States __knowledge__ The diversity of the landscapes of the United States can be easily seen on the shaded relief image to the right.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ The geology of the Iberian Peninsula consists of the study of the rock formations on the Iberian Peninsula, which includes Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ The peninsula contains rocks from every age from Ediacaran to Holocene, and almost every kind of rock is represented.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ World class mineral deposits can also be found there.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ The core of the Iberian Peninsula consists of a Hercynian cratonic block known as the Iberian Massif.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ On the northeast this is bounded by The Pyrenean fold belt, and on the southeast it is bounded by the Betic Foldchain.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ These twofold chains are part of the Alpine belt.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ The Puget Sound faults under the heavily populated Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of Washington state form a regional complex of interrelated seismogenic (earthquake-causing) geologic faults.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ These include (from north to south, see map) the: The Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of western Washington contains the bulk of the population and economic assets of the state, and carries seven percent of the international trade of the United States.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ All this is at risk of earthquakes from three sources: While the great subduction events release much energy (around magnitude 9), that energy is spread over a large area, and largely centered near the coast.", "Geology of the Pyrenees __knowledge__ The Pyrenees are a 430 kilometre long, roughly east-west striking, intracontinental mountain chain that divide France, Spain, and Andorra.", "Geology of the Pyrenees __knowledge__ The belt has an extended, polycyclic geological evolution dating back to the Precambrian.", "Geology of the Pyrenees __knowledge__ The chain's present configuration is due to the collision between the microcontinent Iberia and the southwestern promontory of the European Plate (i.e.", "Geology of the Pyrenees __knowledge__ Southern France).", "Geology of the Pyrenees __knowledge__ The two continents were approaching each other since the onset of the Upper Cretaceous (Albian/Cenomanian) about 100 million years ago and were consequently colliding during the Paleogene (Eocene/Oligocene) 55 to 25 million years ago.", "Europa (moon) __knowledge__ Europa , (Jupiter II), is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet.", "Europa (moon) __knowledge__ It is also the sixth-largest moon in the Solar System.", "Europa (moon) __knowledge__ Europa was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and was named after Europa, the legendary mother of King Minos of Crete and lover of Zeus (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter).", "Europa (moon) __knowledge__ Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and has a water-ice crust and probably an iron–nickel core.", "Europa (moon) __knowledge__ It has a tenuous atmosphere composed primarily of oxygen.", "Europa (moon) __knowledge__ Its surface is striated by cracks and streaks, whereas craters are relatively rare." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Regional variations exist throughout the Northeast and elsewhere in the U.S.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The first pizzeria in the United States of America was founded by Gennaro Lombardi in New York City's Little Italy in 1905.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An immigrant \"pizzaiolo\" (pizza maker) from Naples, he opened a grocery store in 1897; eight years later, it was licensed to sell pizza by New York State.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An employee, Antonio Totonno Pero, began making pizza, which sold for five cents a pie.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Many people, however, could not afford a whole pie and instead would offer what they could in return for a corresponding sized slice, which was wrapped in paper tied with string.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box or pizza package is a folding box made of cardboard in which hot pizzas are stored in for takeaway.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The \"pizza box\" also makes home delivery and takeaway substantially easier.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box has to be highly resistant, cheap, stackable, thermally insulated to regulate humidity and suitable for food transportation.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ In addition, it provides space for advertising.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza packages differ from those of frozen pizzas, which contain the frozen product in heat-sealed plastic foils as is the case with much frozen food.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ Containers to deliver freshly baked pizzas have existed at least since the 19th century, when Neapolitan pizza bakers put their products in multi-layered metallic containers known as \"stufe\" (singular \"stufa\", \"oven\") and then sent them to the street sellers.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Sports in New York City have a long and distinguished history.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, Minor league baseball, women's national soccer league, and Major League Soccer.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area is one of only two cities (along with the Los Angeles metropolitan area) in the United States with more than one team in each of the four major professional sports leagues, with nine such franchises.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Counting these along with its two teams in Major League Soccer, New York has a total of eleven sports teams in the five most important professional sports leagues in the United States.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City's demographics show that it is a large and ethnically diverse metropolis.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ It is the largest city in the United States with a long history of international immigration.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City was home to nearly 8.5 million people in 2014, accounting for over 40% of the population of New York State and a slightly lower percentage of the New York metropolitan area, home to approximately 23.6 million.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States.", "New Jersey __knowledge__ New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States.", "New Jersey __knowledge__ It is a peninsula, bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and Delaware.", "New Jersey __knowledge__ New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous, with 9 million residents as of 2017, and the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states.", "New Jersey __knowledge__ New Jersey lies entirely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia and is the third-wealthiest state by median household income as of 2016.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5, 3 ]

[ "New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, ", "The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable ", "I'm not particularly aware of that except you tell me .it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, ", "Well I have ,its traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella with sweet cheese for that yummy taste" ]

[ "New York-style pizza", "New York-style pizza", "New York-style pizza", "New York-style pizza" ]

[ "Concert\nI like going to concerts how about you", "Who is you favorite band>", "I think SOAD are still good but we wont ever get to see them again", "Yeah it was Serg all along.." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Concert __knowledge__ A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience.", "Concert __knowledge__ The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir, or band.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts are held in a wide variety and size of settings, from private houses and small nightclubs, dedicated concert halls, arenas and parks to large multipurpose buildings, and even sports stadiums.", "Concert __knowledge__ Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called \"arena concerts\" or \"amphitheatre concerts\".", "Concert __knowledge__ Informal names for a concert include \"show\" and \"gig\".", "Concert __knowledge__ Regardless of the venue, musicians usually perform on a stage.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment.", "Concert __knowledge__ Before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play.", "Concert __knowledge__ The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, and the venue.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress.", "Concert __knowledge__ In a similar way, a particular musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle, and behavior.", "Concert __knowledge__ For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had long hair (sometimes in dread lock form), sandals and inexpensive clothing made of natural fibers.", "Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live __knowledge__ Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live (also called Back to Business) was the third concert residency by American recording artist Beyoncé.", "Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live __knowledge__ Announced in March, and held during four consecutive nights in May 2012 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the concerts were part of the opening of the new entertainment resort, hotel, casino and spa, Revel.", "Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live __knowledge__ Beyoncé stated that her alter ego Sasha Fierce was brought back to life for the performances and the main concept was the fact that the birth of her first baby made her more grounded.", "Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live __knowledge__ She promoted the shows by projecting images and releasing behind-the-scenes footage on her official website.", "Ellis Paul __knowledge__ Ellis Paul (born Paul Plissey; January 14, 1965) is an American singer-songwriter and folk musician.", "Ellis Paul __knowledge__ Born in Aroostook County, Maine, Paul is a key figure in what has become known as the Boston school of songwriting, a literate, provocative, and urbanely romantic folk-pop style that helped ignite the folk revival of the 1990s.", "Ellis Paul __knowledge__ His pop music songs have appeared in movies and on television, bridging the gap between the modern folk sound and the populist traditions of Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger.", "Ellis Paul __knowledge__ Paul grew up in a small Maine town.", "Ellis Paul __knowledge__ He attended Boston College on a track scholarship, majoring in English.", "Astral Weeks Live at the Hollywood Bowl __knowledge__ Astral Weeks Live at the Hollywood Bowl is the fifth live album recorded by Northern Irish singer/songwriter Van Morrison, and released in the US on February 24, 2009 (see 2009 in music) and on February 9, 2009, in the UK.", "Astral Weeks Live at the Hollywood Bowl __knowledge__ It was recorded during two live concerts at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California in 2008 and released on Morrison's new Listen to the Lion label and distributed by EMI.", "Astral Weeks Live at the Hollywood Bowl __knowledge__ The live performances of the eight original songs that feature on the album were recorded on November 7 and 08, 2008.", "Astral Weeks Live at the Hollywood Bowl __knowledge__ Coincidentally, they took place forty years after the classic \"Astral Weeks\" was first released by Warner Bros. Records in 1968.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ The Kinks were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, North London, in 1964 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ They are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock bands of the 1960s.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ The band emerged during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat, and were briefly part of the British Invasion of the United States until their touring ban in 1965.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ Their third single, the Ray Davies-penned \"You Really Got Me\", became an international hit, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and reaching the Top 10 in the United States.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ Their music was influenced by a wide range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk and country.", "Francis Dunnery __knowledge__ Francis \"Frank\" Dunnery (born 25 December 1962) is an English musician, singer-songwriter, record producer and record label owner.", "Francis Dunnery __knowledge__ Dunnery was originally the frontman for British prog-pop band It Bites, working with the band between 1982 and 1990 (during which he co-wrote and sang their No.", "Francis Dunnery __knowledge__ 6 UK hit single, \"Calling All the Heroes\").", "Francis Dunnery __knowledge__ Since 1990 Dunnery has pursued a solo career, and has owned and run his own Aquarian Nation record label since 2001.", "Francis Dunnery __knowledge__ In addition, he has performed as a sideman and musical contributor for artists as diverse as Robert Plant, Ian Brown, Lauryn Hill, Santana and Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Gajanan Anant Joshi also Gajananbuwa Joshi (30 January 1911 – 1987) was a unique and versatile vocalist and a renowned violinist in the field of Hindustani music.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Pandit Gajananrao Joshi also known, respectfully and affectionately, as Gajananbuwa Joshi came from a family of musicians.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ His grandfather Manohar had studied dhrupad and dhamar, and his father Anant Manohar Joshi was a distinguished khayal singer who had studied under Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Gajananbuwa studied \"gayaki\" of Gwalior gharana under his father and also under other teachers in whom he found something to learn, and assimilated other styles in his art.", "Babymetal __knowledge__ Babymetal (stylized as BABYMETAL) is a Japanese heavy metal idol band.", "Babymetal __knowledge__ Their line-up consists of Suzuka Nakamoto as \"Su-metal\", Yui Mizuno as \"Yuimetal\", and Moa Kikuchi as \"Moametal\".", "Babymetal __knowledge__ The concept of the band is a fusion of the heavy metal and Japanese idol genres.", "Babymetal __knowledge__ The three young women and their band are managed by the Amuse talent agency.", "Babymetal __knowledge__ Their vocals are backed by heavy metal instrumentation played by the Kami Band.", "Babymetal __knowledge__ Babymetal released their self-titled debut album in February 2014.", "Babymetal __knowledge__ Their second album \"Metal Resistance\" was released worldwide on .", "Babymetal __knowledge__ The band was initially formed in 2010 as the , or subunit, of the female idol group Sakura Gakuin, aiming to realize a \"fusion of metal and idol [music]\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Concert __knowledge__ A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience.", "Concert __knowledge__ The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir, or band.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts are held in a wide variety and size of settings, from private houses and small nightclubs, dedicated concert halls, arenas and parks to large multipurpose buildings, and even sports stadiums.", "Concert __knowledge__ Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called \"arena concerts\" or \"amphitheatre concerts\".", "Concert __knowledge__ Informal names for a concert include \"show\" and \"gig\".", "Concert __knowledge__ Regardless of the venue, musicians usually perform on a stage.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment.", "Concert __knowledge__ Before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play.", "Concert __knowledge__ The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, and the venue.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress.", "Concert __knowledge__ In a similar way, a particular musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle, and behavior.", "Concert __knowledge__ For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had long hair (sometimes in dread lock form), sandals and inexpensive clothing made of natural fibers.", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band is a greatest hits album by the American punk rock band Green Day, released on November 17, 2017.", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ \"God's Favorite Band\" features 20 of Green Day's previous hits, as well as 2 new songs: a new version of the \"Revolution Radio\" track \"Ordinary World\", featuring country singer Miranda Lambert, and a previously unreleased song entitled \"Back in the USA\".", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ The album includes songs from all of Green Day's studio albums, with the exception of \"39/Smooth\", \"¡Dos!", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ \", and \"¡Tré!\".", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ 10 of the tracks previously appeared on Green Day's 2001 greatest hits album \"International Superhits!\"", "Stefan Leko __knowledge__ Stefan \"Blitz\" Leko (born June 3, 1974) is a Croatian-German heavyweight kickboxer.", "Stefan Leko __knowledge__ He is the current WKA Super-Heavyweight world champion in kickboxing, and former Muay Thai world heavyweight champion and Kickboxing world super-heavyweight champion, WMTA, WKN, IKBO, IKBF and WKA world champion, K-1 European Grand Prix 1998 champion, 1999 K-1 Dream champion and two time K-1 World Grand Prix in Las Vegas tournament champion.", "Stefan Leko __knowledge__ He fights out of Team Golden Glory in Breda, Netherlands under Cor Hemmers.", "Stefan Leko __knowledge__ Since 2011 Stefan Leko is coached and managed by Tom Trautsch and won two Heavyweight World Champion Titles.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ Earth, Wind & Fire (EWF) is an American band that has spanned the musical genres of R&B, soul, funk, jazz, disco, pop, rock, Latin, and African.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ They were one of the most successful bands of 1970s.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" called them \"innovative, precise yet sensual, calculated yet galvanizing\" and declared that the band \"changed the sound of black pop\".", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ The band was founded in Chicago by Maurice White in 1970, having grown out of a previous band known as the Salty Peppers.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ Other members have included Philip Bailey, Verdine White, Fred White, Ralph Johnson, Larry Dunn, Al McKay and Andrew Woolfolk.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ The band has received 20 Grammy nominations; they won six as a group and two of its members, Maurice White and Bailey, won separate individual awards.", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band that originated in Los Angeles, California.", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine, keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael, bassist Mickey Madden, lead guitarist James Valentine, drummer Matt Flynn, keyboardist PJ Morton and multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar.", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ Original members Adam Levine, Jesse Carmichael, Mickey Madden and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara's Flowers in 1994, while they were still in high school.", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ The band self-released an album called \"We Like Digging?", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ \", then signed to Reprise Records and released the album \"The Fourth World\" in 1997.", "Kick __knowledge__ A kick is a physical push using the leg: foot, heel, tibia, thigh or knee (the latter is also known as a knee strike).", "Kick __knowledge__ This type of attack is used frequently by hooved animals as well as humans in the context of stand-up fighting.", "Kick __knowledge__ Kicks play a significant role in many forms of martial arts, such as savate, taekwondo, MMA, sikaran, karate, Pankration, Kung fu, Vovinam, kickboxing, Muay Thai, capoeira, silat, and kalaripayattu.", "Kick __knowledge__ Kicking is also prominent from its use in many sports, especially those called football.", "Kick __knowledge__ The best known of these sports is association football, also known as soccer.", "Kick __knowledge__ The English verb to kick appears only in the late 14th century, apparently as a loan from Old Norse, originally in the sense of a hooved animal delivering strikes with his hind legs; the oldest use is Biblical.", "Punchline (band) __knowledge__ Punchline is an American rock band from Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania, that was formed in 1998.", "Punchline (band) __knowledge__ The band released its seventh full-length album, \"Thrilled\", on December 4, 2015, on InVogue Records.", "Punchline (band) __knowledge__ Punchline was formed in 1998 as a three-piece band consisting of Steve Soboslai (lead vocals, guitar), Chris Fafalios (bass guitar) PJ Caruso (drums).", "Punchline (band) __knowledge__ At the time, Fafalios was a senior in high school and Caruso and Soboslai were juniors.", "Punchline (band) __knowledge__ They played local shows and recorded their first album, \"How to Get Kicked Out of the Mall\", a blend of pop- and ska-influenced punk.", "Punchline (band) __knowledge__ In later recordings, the ska influence became less prominent.", "Jammy Award __knowledge__ The Jammy Award (also known as the Jammys) are an awards show for bands typically called jam bands and other artists associated with live, improvisational music, created by Dean Budnick and Peter Shapiro.", "Jammy Award __knowledge__ The Jammys are sponsored by Relix magazine, Jambands.com, and Shapiro.", "Jammy Award __knowledge__ The Jammy Awards returned in 2008 to the WAMU Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City.", "Jammy Award __knowledge__ The First Annual Jammy Awards were held on June 22, 2000 at Irving Plaza in New York City.", "Jammy Award __knowledge__ The event was presented by Jambands.com and executive producers Peter Shapiro and Dean Budnick.", "Jammy Award __knowledge__ Shapiro, who owns the Wetlands Preserve, is the publisher of Jambands.com.", "It Gets Better (book) __knowledge__ It Gets Better: Coming Out, Overcoming Bullying, and Creating a Life Worth Living is a non-fiction compilation book, edited by Dan Savage and his husband, Terry Miller.", "It Gets Better (book) __knowledge__ It was published March 22, 2011 by Dutton.", "It Gets Better (book) __knowledge__ The book includes selections of essays inspired by the It Gets Better Project, founded by Savage.", "It Gets Better (book) __knowledge__ He decided to start the project after a series of incidents of suicide among LGBT youth.", "It Gets Better (book) __knowledge__ Individuals were encouraged to submit videos with a message of hope and optimism for teenagers who were victims of bullying due to their sexual orientation.", "It Gets Better (book) __knowledge__ Over 100 essays are contained in the book.", "It Gets Better (book) __knowledge__ Contributors include finance advisor, Suze Orman; comedic writer, David Sedaris; United States Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton; and President of the United States, Barack Obama.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California.", "NOFX __knowledge__ They were formed in 1983 by vocalist/bassist Fat Mike (formerly of False Alarm) and guitarist Eric Melvin.", "NOFX __knowledge__ Drummer Erik Sandin joined NOFX shortly after, and El Hefe joined the band in 1991 to play lead guitar and trumpet, rounding out the current line-up.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX's mainstream success was signified by a growing interest in punk rock during the 1990s, but unlike many of their contemporaries (including Bad Religion, Green Day and The Offspring), they have never been signed to a major label.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX has released thirteen studio albums, sixteen extended plays and a number of seven-inch singles.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "Marc Broussard __knowledge__ Marc Broussard (born January 14, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Marc Broussard __knowledge__ His style is best described as \"Bayou Soul\", a mix of funk, blues, R&B, rock, and pop, matched with distinct Southern roots.", "Marc Broussard __knowledge__ In his career, he has released eight studio albums, one live album, three EPs, and has charted twice on Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks.", "Marc Broussard __knowledge__ Marc Broussard is the son of acclaimed Louisiana Hall of Fame guitarist and former member of The Boogie Kings, Ted Broussard.", "Marc Broussard __knowledge__ Marc was raised in Carencro, Louisiana and Lafayette, Louisiana.", "Marc Broussard __knowledge__ In 2001 Broussard was part of Y, a Christian band.", "Marc Broussard __knowledge__ The short-lived band was based out of New Iberia, Louisiana.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ Purpose is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer and songwriter Justin Bieber.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ It was released on November 13, 2015 by Def Jam Recordings and School Boy Records.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ It serves as the follow-up to Bieber's third studio album \"Believe\" (2012), and it was developed after the release of his collection \"Journals\" (2013), which saw him in a more R&B direction.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ The album was created over a period of two years, in which Bieber struggled to find a musical direction for recording, scrapping each of these tracks many times.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ The album features guest vocals from Travis Scott, Big Sean and Halsey, and production help from Skrillex and Diplo.", "MxPx __knowledge__ MxPx is an American punk rock band from Bremerton, Washington founded in 1992 as Magnified Plaid.", "MxPx __knowledge__ The band has skate punk leanings, with connections to the pop punk scene.", "MxPx __knowledge__ Current members include Mike Herrera on lead vocals and bass guitar, Yuri Ruley on drums and percussion, Tom Wisniewski on lead guitar and backing vocals and Chris Adkins on rhythm guitar and backing vocals.", "MxPx __knowledge__ The band's discography includes nine studio albums, four EPs, four compilation albums, a live album, a VHS tape, a DVD and 20 singles.", "MxPx __knowledge__ A number of the group's releases have charted on \"Billboard\", including the \"Billboard\" 200 and No.", "Eudaimonia __knowledge__ Eudaimonia (Greek: ), sometimes anglicized as eudaemonia or eudemonia , is a Greek word commonly translated as happiness or welfare; however, \"human flourishing\" has been proposed as a more accurate translation.", "Eudaimonia __knowledge__ Etymologically, it consists of the words \"\"eu\"\" (\"good\") and \"\"daimōn\"\" (\"spirit\").", "Eudaimonia __knowledge__ It is a central concept in Aristotelian ethics and political philosophy, along with the terms \"aretē\", most often translated as \"virtue\" or \"excellence\", and \"phronesis\", often translated as \"practical or ethical wisdom\".", "Eudaimonia __knowledge__ In Aristotle's works, eudaimonia (based on older Greek tradition) was used as the term for the highest human good, and so it is the aim of practical philosophy, including ethics and political philosophy, to consider (and also experience) what it really is, and how it can be achieved." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Concert __knowledge__ A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience.", "Concert __knowledge__ The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir, or band.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts are held in a wide variety and size of settings, from private houses and small nightclubs, dedicated concert halls, arenas and parks to large multipurpose buildings, and even sports stadiums.", "Concert __knowledge__ Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called \"arena concerts\" or \"amphitheatre concerts\".", "Concert __knowledge__ Informal names for a concert include \"show\" and \"gig\".", "Concert __knowledge__ Regardless of the venue, musicians usually perform on a stage.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment.", "Concert __knowledge__ Before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play.", "Concert __knowledge__ The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, and the venue.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress.", "Concert __knowledge__ In a similar way, a particular musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle, and behavior.", "Concert __knowledge__ For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had long hair (sometimes in dread lock form), sandals and inexpensive clothing made of natural fibers.", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ Soad Muhammad Kamal Hosny was born in Bulaq, Cairo, one of three sisters born to Mohammad Hosni and his wife, Jawhara .", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ She also had eight half-siblings.", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ Her parents divorced and her mother remarried, to Abdul Monem Hafedh, with whom she had six more children, thus giving Soad and her two sisters no fewer than 14 half-siblings.", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ Her father was a calligrapher.", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ Najat Al Saghira, one of Hosny's half-siblings, was an actress and singer.", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ She's originally Syrian(Damascus).", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ Hosny's final screen appearance was in 1991 in \"Al Ra'i We El Nissa\".", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ Soad Hosny was married four times.", "Soad Hosny __knowledge__ Around 1968, she was married to cinematographer Salah Kurayyem; the marriage lasted for approximately one year.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ \"Srugim\", is an Israeli television drama which originally aired on Yes TV between 2008 and 2012.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ It was directed by Laizy Shapiro, who co-created it with Hava Divon.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ The series contains five main characters played by Ohad Knoller, Amos Tamam, Ya'el Sharoni, Tali Sharon, Sharon Fauster, and Uri Lachmi.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ Portrayed by Ohad Knoller.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ His father is Gershon, he has a younger brother Roi, and two sisters, Hani and Atara.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ Nati is a Surgical intern at Hadassah Medical Center, originally from Ra'anana.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ During season 1 Nati turns 31.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ Went to Bnei Akiva seminary with Yifat.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ He is allergic to Eggplant.", "List of Srugim characters __knowledge__ His only travel has been to China and India.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "International Institute of Refrigeration __knowledge__ The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) (also known, in French, as the Institut International du Froid (IIF)), is an independent intergovernmental science and technology based organization which promotes knowledge of refrigeration and associated technologies and applications on a global scale that improve quality of life in a cost effective and environmentally sustainable manner including: Its scientific and technology activities are coordinated by 10 commissions which are divided into five distinct sections.", "International Institute of Refrigeration __knowledge__ The Institute produces a monthly journal on refrigeration, the \"International Journal of Refrigeration\", that is published by Elsevier.", "Najat Al Saghira __knowledge__ Nagat El Saghira () (born 11 August, 1938) is an Egyptian singer and actress.", "Najat Al Saghira __knowledge__ She retired from filming in 1976 and from singing in 2002.", "Najat Al Saghira __knowledge__ Najat began her career at the age of five and retired 59 years later.", "Najat Al Saghira __knowledge__ Nagat El Saghira is part of music from the Egyptian “golden age” of the 1940s, ’50s and ’60s.", "Najat Al Saghira __knowledge__ She still inspires others.", "Najat Al Saghira __knowledge__ For example, Paris based Lebanese singer Yasmine Hamdan (born 1976) mixes different dialects and forms of Arabic in her singing, inspired by performers who include Nagat l Saghira.", "Najat Al Saghira __knowledge__ Nagat El Saghira was singing in family gatherings at the age of 5 years.", "Najat Al Saghira __knowledge__ She made her first film Hadiya (released in 1947) at the age of eight.", "I'm Still Good __knowledge__ \"I'm Still Good\" is the third single, released on August 13, 2010 at Radio Disney as the third single from the album.", "I'm Still Good __knowledge__ Its music video premiered on August 15 showing Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana singing on stage.", "I'm Still Good __knowledge__ Miley cancels a special father-daughter afternoon with her dad to go on a first date with Jesse instead.", "I'm Still Good __knowledge__ She gets mad when Jesse answers a phone call from his father because she blew off her father to spend time with him, but Jesse tells her that his dad is stationed in Afghanistan and they hardly ever get to talk.", "I'm Still Good __knowledge__ Miley then realizes how lucky she is to still have her dad and goes home to have a father-daughter evening with him.", "Statute of Labourers 1351 __knowledge__ The Statute of Labourers was a law created by the English parliament under King Edward III in 1351 in response to a labour shortage, designed to suppress the labour force by prohibiting increases in wages and prohibiting the movement of workers from their home areas in search of improved conditions.", "Statute of Labourers 1351 __knowledge__ It was poorly enforced and did not stop the rise in wages.", "Statute of Labourers 1351 __knowledge__ The Black Death or Bubonic Plague, which killed more than one-third of the population of Europe, killed 30%−50% of the population in Britain, caused a dramatic decrease in the supply of labour.", "Statute of Labourers 1351 __knowledge__ Lords suddenly faced a sharp increase in competition for workers to work for them.", "Flogging Molly __knowledge__ Flogging Molly is an Irish-American seven-piece Celtic punk band from Los Angeles, California and led by Irish vocalist Dave King, formerly of the hard rock band Fastway.", "Flogging Molly __knowledge__ They are signed to their own record label, Borstal Beat Records.", "Flogging Molly __knowledge__ Prior to forming Flogging Molly, Dublin-born Dave King was the lead singer for heavy metal band Fastway featuring guitarist \"Fast\" Eddie Clarke of Motörhead and bassist Pete Way of UFO in the early to mid '80s.", "Flogging Molly __knowledge__ He later fronted a hard rock band called Katmandu (1991), featuring Mandy Meyer of Krokus on guitars.", "Flogging Molly __knowledge__ Afterwards, Dave King retained a record deal with Epic records and began to work on a solo album, but began to reconsider his record deal when the label opposed his idea of bringing in traditional Irish instruments.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California.", "NOFX __knowledge__ They were formed in 1983 by vocalist/bassist Fat Mike (formerly of False Alarm) and guitarist Eric Melvin.", "NOFX __knowledge__ Drummer Erik Sandin joined NOFX shortly after, and El Hefe joined the band in 1991 to play lead guitar and trumpet, rounding out the current line-up.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX's mainstream success was signified by a growing interest in punk rock during the 1990s, but unlike many of their contemporaries (including Bad Religion, Green Day and The Offspring), they have never been signed to a major label.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX has released thirteen studio albums, sixteen extended plays and a number of seven-inch singles.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Founded by 1980s punk veterans Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman, who previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is often credited (along with Green Day and The Offspring) for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States and bringing punk rock into the mainstream during the mid-1990s.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Over their -year career, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid has had two lineup changes since its inception.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Buck-O-Nine __knowledge__ Buck-O-Nine is an American ska punk band which was formed in San Diego in 1991.", "Buck-O-Nine __knowledge__ The band has toured internationally and released several albums and EPs, as well as appearing on compilations and film soundtracks.", "Buck-O-Nine __knowledge__ During the mid-to-late 1990s, they experienced mainstream success with the release of the album \"Twenty-Eight Teeth\" and its most successful single, My Town.", "Buck-O-Nine __knowledge__ As the popularity of third-wave ska waned, Buck-O-Nine stopped touring full-time in 2000, but continues to perform regularly throughout California and much of the Southwestern United States.", "Buck-O-Nine __knowledge__ Since 2001, the band has also performed in the UK, Canada, Mexico and Hawaii.", "Street Dogs __knowledge__ Street Dogs are an American punk rock band from Boston, Massachusetts formed in 2002 by former Dropkick Murphys singer Mike McColgan.", "Street Dogs __knowledge__ In 1997, McColgan left Dropkick Murphys \"to pursue a lifelong dream of becoming a firefighter for the Boston Fire Department.\"", "Street Dogs __knowledge__ In 2002, McColgan decided he could no longer stay away from music and formed Street Dogs.", "Street Dogs __knowledge__ They first recorded a seven song-demo, which feature McColgan along with his former Dropkick Murphys bandmate Jeff Erna on drums, Rob Guidotti on guitar and Bill Close on bass.", "Street Dogs __knowledge__ They signed with CrossCheck Records in 2002, with Michelle Paulhus now on bass.", "Within a Mile of Home __knowledge__ Within a Mile of Home is the third studio album by the Irish-American punk band Flogging Molly.", "Within a Mile of Home __knowledge__ Released in 2004, this album reached #20 on the U.S.", "Within a Mile of Home __knowledge__ Billboard Top 200 Chart and #1 on the Independent Music chart.", "Within a Mile of Home __knowledge__ The album is dedicated to Joe Strummer and Johnny Cash, as indicated in the album's liner notes.", "Within a Mile of Home __knowledge__ In their review, Allmusic noted Flogging Molly's \"more mature, more polished\" sound on this album and its stylistic variations.", "Within a Mile of Home __knowledge__ They pointed to the Cajun-influenced accordions on \"Tomorrow Comes a Day Too Soon,\" the a Capella performance on \"The Wrong Company\" and guest Lucinda Williams' guest appearance on \"Factory Girls\" as evidence of this." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Concert __knowledge__ A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience.", "Concert __knowledge__ The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir, or band.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts are held in a wide variety and size of settings, from private houses and small nightclubs, dedicated concert halls, arenas and parks to large multipurpose buildings, and even sports stadiums.", "Concert __knowledge__ Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called \"arena concerts\" or \"amphitheatre concerts\".", "Concert __knowledge__ Informal names for a concert include \"show\" and \"gig\".", "Concert __knowledge__ Regardless of the venue, musicians usually perform on a stage.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment.", "Concert __knowledge__ Before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play.", "Concert __knowledge__ The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, and the venue.", "Concert __knowledge__ Concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress.", "Concert __knowledge__ In a similar way, a particular musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle, and behavior.", "Concert __knowledge__ For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had long hair (sometimes in dread lock form), sandals and inexpensive clothing made of natural fibers.", "Atom Smash __knowledge__ Atom Smash is a Miami, Florida-based hard rock band consisting of Serg Gabriel Sanchez (vocals), Mark \"Taco\" Annino (drums), Luke \"Cowboy\" Rice (guitar, Vocals) and \"Crazy\" Dave Carrey (Bass) Formerly signed to Jive Records.", "Atom Smash __knowledge__ The group formed in 2006 by Serg Gabriel Sanchez and Producer Paul Trust.", "Atom Smash __knowledge__ Paul Trust introduced Serg to Dr. Bill Ray owner of Panacea Records.", "Atom Smash __knowledge__ Dr. Bill began to help develop the group.", "Atom Smash __knowledge__ Guitarist Alex Zilinski of Austria Europe joined the band later that year.", "Atom Smash __knowledge__ Bassist Arnold Nese jumped on board in 2007.", "Atom Smash __knowledge__ The band wrote and recorded music which was then presented to Dirk Hemsath owner of Doghouse Records and The Working Group Artist Management.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Vorbarra __knowledge__ Vorbarra is a surname in the science fiction series the Vorkosigan Saga.", "Vorbarra __knowledge__ It is the surname of the Emperors of Barrayar and the namesake of the planet.", "Vorbarra __knowledge__ The emperors of Barrayar have all carried the name Vorbarra.", "Vorbarra __knowledge__ As of the last book in series time, the current Emperor was Emperor Gregor Vorbarra, son of the deceased Crown Prince Serg Vorbarra, and grandson of the former Emperor Emperor Ezar Vorbarra.", "Vorbarra __knowledge__ They are all descendants of Emperor Dorca the Just.", "Vorbarra __knowledge__ Additionally, they are all related to Mad Emperor Yuri.", "Vorbarra __knowledge__ - Reign - unknown, during Time of Isolation - Reign (\"Warrior's Apprentice\" till present) Note: Aral Vorkosigan served as \"Regent\" for the underage Emperor Gregor Vorbarra during his minority.", "Van Serg (crater) __knowledge__ Van Serg is a feature on Earth's Moon, a crater in Taurus-Littrow valley.", "Van Serg (crater) __knowledge__ Astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt visited it in 1972, on the Apollo 17 mission, during EVA 3.", "Van Serg (crater) __knowledge__ Van Serg was designated Geology Station 9.", "Van Serg (crater) __knowledge__ To the northwest is Shakespeare and to the northeast are Cochise and Geology Station 8 at the base of the Sculptured Hills.", "Van Serg (crater) __knowledge__ To the south is Sherlock, and to the southwest are the Apollo 17 landing site and the large crater Camelot.", "Van Serg (crater) __knowledge__ The crater was named by the astronauts after Harvard University geology professor Hugh McKinstry, who sometimes wrote satire under the pseudonym \"Nicholas Van Serg\".", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Gregor Vorbarra __knowledge__ Gregor Vorbarra is the Emperor of the Barrayaran Imperium in the science fiction series Vorkosigan Saga by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold.", "Gregor Vorbarra __knowledge__ As of \"Gentleman Jole and the Red Queen\", Gregor Vorbarra is the current Emperor of Barrayar.", "Gregor Vorbarra __knowledge__ He consequently rules over Barrayar, Komarr, and Sergyar, the three planetary bodies of the Barrayaran Empire.", "Gregor Vorbarra __knowledge__ His father was the late Crown Prince Serg, and his grandfather was Emperor Ezar Vorbarra.", "Gregor Vorbarra __knowledge__ They had both died by the time Gregor was five, therefore, Admiral Lord Vorkosigan ruled as Regent until Gregor reached the age of majority.", "Gregor Vorbarra __knowledge__ This was not the last of Gregor's woes as a child, as he became a pawn in a power struggle between the Regent and the usurper Count Vordarian, a struggle that cost the life of his mother, Princess Kareen Vorbarra.", "Serj Tankian __knowledge__ Serj Tankian (Western , ; born August 21, 1967) is an Armenian-American singer-songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, poet and political activist.", "Serj Tankian __knowledge__ He is best known as the lead vocalist, songwriter, keyboardist, and occasional live rhythm guitarist of the alternative metal band System of a Down, formed in 1994.", "Serj Tankian __knowledge__ During his musical career, Tankian has released five albums with System of a Down, one with Arto Tunçboyacıyan (\"Serart\"), as well as the five solo albums \"Elect the Dead\", \"Imperfect Harmonies\", \"Harakiri\", \"Orca\", and \"Jazz-Iz-Christ\".", "Serj Tankian __knowledge__ A live orchestral version of Elect the Dead incorporating the Auckland Philharmonia Orchestra named \"Elect the Dead Symphony\" was released.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California.", "NOFX __knowledge__ They were formed in 1983 by vocalist/bassist Fat Mike (formerly of False Alarm) and guitarist Eric Melvin.", "NOFX __knowledge__ Drummer Erik Sandin joined NOFX shortly after, and El Hefe joined the band in 1991 to play lead guitar and trumpet, rounding out the current line-up.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX's mainstream success was signified by a growing interest in punk rock during the 1990s, but unlike many of their contemporaries (including Bad Religion, Green Day and The Offspring), they have never been signed to a major label.", "NOFX __knowledge__ NOFX has released thirteen studio albums, sixteen extended plays and a number of seven-inch singles.", "Enter the Chicken __knowledge__ Enter the Chicken is the fourteenth studio album by musician Buckethead.", "Enter the Chicken __knowledge__ The album was released on October 25, 2005 by Serj Tankian's label Serjical Strike.", "Enter the Chicken __knowledge__ It has 11 songs, two of which are less than twenty seconds long.", "Enter the Chicken __knowledge__ It contains appearances from such artists as Saul Williams, Maximum Bob, Efrem Schulz and Serj Tankian.", "Enter the Chicken __knowledge__ The album includes the song \"We Are One\", which is one of the few music videos he has ever made.", "Enter the Chicken __knowledge__ The song also appears on the horror series soundtrack Masters of Horror and also in one episode.", "Enter the Chicken __knowledge__ \"Three Fingers\" also appears on the soundtrack of the horror movie \"Saw II\".", "Enter the Chicken __knowledge__ The last song from the album, the instrumental piece \"Nottingham Lace\" (previously released on Buckethead's official website) closes the album, and is one of Buckethead's most popular pieces, often played in concerts along with \"Jordan\" known from the game \"Guitar Hero II\" and \"Soothsayer (Dedicated to Aunt Suzie)\" from the album \"Crime Slunk Scene\".", "Fat Mike __knowledge__ Michael John Burkett (born January 31, 1967), known professionally as Fat Mike, is an American musician and producer.", "Fat Mike __knowledge__ He is the bassist and lead vocalist for the punk rock band NOFX and the bassist for the punk rock supergroup cover band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes.", "Fat Mike __knowledge__ Fat Mike started out with his first band False Alarm in 1982.", "Fat Mike __knowledge__ He recorded the song Self Destruction that was on the False Alarm album, Buspar For Bedbug.", "Fat Mike __knowledge__ Mike played in False Alarm until 1983.", "Fat Mike __knowledge__ False Alarm went on to make 3 records and record with Cheetah Chrome of the Dead Boys.", "Fat Mike __knowledge__ Dee Dee Ramone of the Ramones wrote and recorded the song False Alarm for the band with Paul Kostabi False Alarm's guitar player.", "NOFX: Backstage Passport __knowledge__ NOFX: Backstage Passport is a documentary series that was shown on the music network Fuse about NOFX's 2008 world tour.", "NOFX: Backstage Passport __knowledge__ The show documents the stops on the tour and the band's reaction to various events.", "NOFX: Backstage Passport __knowledge__ The creation of the show was noteworthy due to the band's often noted disdain for the media, including music television.", "NOFX: Backstage Passport __knowledge__ The show was originally to be titled NOFX: Punk Rock Passport, but the band had issues with Fuse who claimed \"the title would scare people away.\"", "NOFX: Backstage Passport __knowledge__ Along with the show's title being changed, the band had numerous other issues including the company attempting to fabricate story lines that were non-existent or completely untrue.", "Something Else (Tech N9ne album) __knowledge__ Something Else is the thirteenth studio album by American rapper Tech N9ne.", "Something Else (Tech N9ne album) __knowledge__ It was released on July 30, 2013, by Strange Music and RBC Records.", "Something Else (Tech N9ne album) __knowledge__ The album has broken up into three portions – Earth, Water & Fire.", "Something Else (Tech N9ne album) __knowledge__ Production on the album was handled during 2012 to 2013, primarily by frequent collaborator Seven, among others such as Young Fyre, Drumma Boy, and Fredwreck.", "Something Else (Tech N9ne album) __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from B.o.B, Big K.R.I.T., CeeLo Green, The Doors, The Game, Kendrick Lamar, Serj Tankian, T-Pain, Trae tha Truth and Wiz Khalifa, among others including several artists from Tech N9ne's Strange Music imprint.", "Daron Malakian __knowledge__ Daron Vartan Malakian (Armenian: Տարօն/Տարոն Վարդան Մալաքեան, born July 18, 1975) is an Armenian-American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer.", "Daron Malakian __knowledge__ He is best known as the guitarist, songwriter and second vocalist of the rock band System of a Down and as the lead vocalist, lead guitarist and songwriter of the band Scars on Broadway.", "Daron Malakian __knowledge__ Like the rest of the Hollywood-based band System of a Down, he is of Armenian ancestry, but he is the only member to have been born in the United States.", "Daron Malakian __knowledge__ Daron Malakian is known for his distinctive playing and is ranked 40th in Loudwire's list of \"Top 50 Hard Rock + Metal Guitarists Of All Time\" and #11 in MusicRadar's poll, \"The 20 Greatest Metal Guitarists Ever\"." ] ]

[ 1, 58, 62, 56 ]

[ "Love them going to see Nofx and mxpx this weekend. Going to see live music makes my life worth living. Have you been to any good shows lately. ", "The american punk band NOFX or the Flogging Molly. How about you?", "Perhaps, if Serj Tankian wasnt so hard to get along with. Fat Mike from Nofx used to be like that. ", "Rage has the same issues. System of a Down was formed in 1994. Maybe the just need a breather and can work over the issues in a few years." ]

[ "Concert", "Concert", "Concert", "Concert" ]

[ "Mountain bike", "i use to ride when i was younger", "they're good for tricks" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ A mountain bike or mountain bicycle (abbreviated Mtn Bike or MTB) is a bicycle designed for off-road cycling.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ These typically include a front or full suspension, large knobby tires, more durable wheels, more powerful brakes, and lower gear ratios for climbing steep grades.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes are typically ridden on mountain trails, singletrack, fire roads, and other unpaved surfaces.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ This type of terrain commonly has rocks, roots, loose dirt, and steep grades.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Many trails have additional TTF's (Technical Trail Features) such as log piles, log rides, rock gardens, skinnies, gap jumps, and wall-rides.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes are built to handle these types of terrain and features.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ The heavy-duty construction combined with stronger rims and wider tires has also made this style of bicycle popular with urban riders and couriers who must navigate through potholes and over curbs.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Since the development of the sport in the 1970s many new subtypes of mountain biking have developed, such as cross-country (XC), all-day endurance, freeride, downhill, and a variety of track and slalom types." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ A mountain bike or mountain bicycle (abbreviated Mtn Bike or MTB) is a bicycle designed for off-road cycling.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ These typically include a front or full suspension, large knobby tires, more durable wheels, more powerful brakes, and lower gear ratios for climbing steep grades.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes are typically ridden on mountain trails, singletrack, fire roads, and other unpaved surfaces.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ This type of terrain commonly has rocks, roots, loose dirt, and steep grades.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Many trails have additional TTF's (Technical Trail Features) such as log piles, log rides, rock gardens, skinnies, gap jumps, and wall-rides.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes are built to handle these types of terrain and features.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ The heavy-duty construction combined with stronger rims and wider tires has also made this style of bicycle popular with urban riders and couriers who must navigate through potholes and over curbs.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Since the development of the sport in the 1970s many new subtypes of mountain biking have developed, such as cross-country (XC), all-day endurance, freeride, downhill, and a variety of track and slalom types.", "Great Victorian Bike Ride __knowledge__ The Great Victorian Bike Ride, commonly known as The Great Vic, is a non-competitive fully supported eight- or nine-day annual bicycle touring event organised by Bicycle Network.", "Great Victorian Bike Ride __knowledge__ The ride takes different routes around the countryside of the state of Victoria, Australia each year.", "Great Victorian Bike Ride __knowledge__ The total ride distance is usually in the range of , averaging about a day excluding the rest day.", "Great Victorian Bike Ride __knowledge__ The ride first ran in 1984, attracting 2,100 riders in what was initially supposed to be a one-off event, but due to its unexpected popularity and success it subsequently became an annual event.", "Great Victorian Bike Ride __knowledge__ The Great Vic typically draws several thousand participants each year, with a record of 8,100 riders in 2004, which makes it one of the world's largest supported bicycle rides.", "The Great Movie Ride __knowledge__ The Great Movie Ride was a dark ride attraction located at Disney's Hollywood Studios in the Walt Disney World Resort.", "The Great Movie Ride __knowledge__ The attraction employed the use of Audio-Animatronic figures, practical sets, live actors, special effects, and projections to recreate iconic scenes from twelve classic films throughout motion picture history.", "The Great Movie Ride __knowledge__ The attraction—which debuted with the park on May 1, 1989—was located inside a replica of Grauman's Chinese Theatre, one of Hollywood's most famous movie palaces.", "The Great Movie Ride __knowledge__ The Great Movie Ride was originally developed by Walt Disney Imagineering as a pavilion for the Future World section of Epcot.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year.", "Park and ride bus services in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Park and ride bus services in the United Kingdom are bus services designed to provide intermodal passenger journeys between a private mode of transport and a shared mode bus.", "Park and ride bus services in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The common model of bus based park and ride model is transfer from a private car to a public transport bus, although schemes may also be used by pedestrians and cyclists.", "Park and ride bus services in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ \"Park and ride\" commonly refers to permanent schemes operated as part of the public transport system, for onward transport from a permanent car park to an urban centre.", "Park and ride bus services in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ ‘Park and ride bus’ can also be used to describe temporary and seasonal schemes, services operated for private or specialised users, and services that do not necessarily serve an urban centre.", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ A kiddie ride - or kids' ride - is a coin-operated amusement ride for young children.", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ Kiddie rides are commonly available in amusement parks, arcades, malls, hotel game rooms and outside supermarkets and discount department stores.", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ Less commonly, they may also appear in other venues such as restaurants, food courts, grocery shops and auto dealerships.", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ When activated by a coin, a kiddie ride entertains the rider with motion, depending on the ride type (miniature Ferris wheel, miniature carousel, track ride or stationary platform ride).", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ Most rides include sounds and music, and some feature flashing lights, pedals, and buttons.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ Six Flags Great America is a Six Flags amusement park located at Gurnee, Illinois, in the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ It first opened in 1976 as Marriott's Great America.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ Six Flags purchased the park from the Marriott Corporation in 1984, making it the seventh park in the chain.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ As of 2016, the park has ten themed sections, a water park, three specially themed children's areas, and various other forms of entertainment.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ The 2016 attendance of the park is estimated to be 2,950,000 million visitors.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ Six Flags Great America is 5th in number of roller coasters at any theme park in the world.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ Marriott Corporation began construction on the park in 1974 and opened it on May 29, 1976, as \"Marriott's Great America\" (a sister park, with almost identical layout and attractions, opened in northern California in Santa Clara the same year).", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ Joseph Mercer, OBE (born 25 October 1934) is a retired English thoroughbred race horse jockey.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was active as a jockey from 1947 to 1985 and rode a total of 2,810 winners in Britain.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ Mercer's nickname was \"Smokin' Joe\".", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was apprenticed to trainer Frederick Sneyd and won his first British Classic race while still an apprentice on Ambiguity in the 1953 Epsom Oaks.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was British flat racing Champion Apprentice twice, in 1952 and 1953.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He subsequently worked as stable jockey for Jack Colling, Dick Hern, Henry Cecil and Peter Walwyn.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ During his spell at Cecil's yard he won his only British flat racing Champion Jockey's title in 1979.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking is the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially designed mountain bikes.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories: cross country, trail riding, all mountain (also referred to as \"Enduro\"), downhill, freeride and dirt jumping.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ However, the majority of mountain biking falls into the categories of Trail and Cross Country riding styles.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ The sport requires endurance, core strength and balance, bike handling skills, and self-reliance.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ Joe Breeze (born 1953) is a bicycle framebuilder, designer and advocate from Marin County, California.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ An early participant in the sport of mountain biking, Breeze, along with other pioneers including Gary Fisher, Charlie Kelly, and Tom Ritchey, is known for his central role in developing the mountain bike.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ Breeze is credited with designing and building the first all-new mountain bikes, which were called Breezers.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ He built the prototype, known as Breezer #1, in 1977 and completed nine more Series I Breezers by early 1978.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ Breezer #1 is now in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History.", "Kathy Lynch __knowledge__ Kathleen \"Kathy\" Lynch (born 23 April 1957) is a retired competitive cyclist from New Zealand who competed both on and off the road.", "Kathy Lynch __knowledge__ With a talent for multiple sports disciplines, she won the canoeing events New Zealand White Water Downriver and Slalom Championships in 1987 and represented her country at the 1988 Canoe Slalom World Cup.", "Kathy Lynch __knowledge__ Around the same time, she was also a successful triathlete, but did not continue with that sport.", "Kathy Lynch __knowledge__ She bought her first mountain bike in 1988 at the age of 31 in order to compete in an adventure sport event, and within a year she had become the New Zealand national cross country champion.", "Downhill mountain biking __knowledge__ Downhill mountain biking (DH) is a genre of mountain biking practiced on steep, rough terrain that often features jumps, drops, rock gardens and other obstacles.", "Downhill mountain biking __knowledge__ Downhill bikes are heavier and stronger than other mountain bikes and feature front and rear suspension with over 8 inches (20 cm) of travel, to glide quickly over rocks and tree roots.", "Downhill mountain biking __knowledge__ In competitive races, a continuous course is defined on each side by a strip of tape.", "Downhill mountain biking __knowledge__ Depending on the format, riders have a single or double attempt to reach the finish line as fast as possible, while remaining between the two tapes designating the course.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ Guy Martin (born 4 November 1981) is a British lorry-mechanic better known publicly as a motorcycle racer and a television personality.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ Martin started racing in 1998, debuting on road circuits at the Isle of Man TT events in 2004, where he gained 15 podium finishes.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ He has broken his back twice in racing accidents, in the 2010 TT and the 2015 Ulster Grand Prix.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ Following the Ulster Grand Prix accident, Martin stated that he had retired from motorcycle racing although he never disclosed the decision publicly.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ However following numerous approaches by Honda Racing team manager Neil Tuxworth, Martin confirmed in January 2017 that he had signed for Lincolnshire-based Honda Racing as partner to 23-times TT winner John McGuinness for the North West 200, Isle of Man TT and Southern 100 races.", "Tom Ritchey __knowledge__ Tom Ritchey (born 1956) is an American bicycle frame builder, Category 1 racer, fabricator, designer, and founder of Ritchey Design.", "Tom Ritchey __knowledge__ Ritchey was an early US pioneer in the craft of modern frame building and the first production mountain bike builder/manufacturer in the history of the sport.", "Tom Ritchey __knowledge__ He is an innovator of bicycle components that have been raced to victory in some of the biggest cycling competitions in the world including the UCI World Championships, the Tour de France and the Olympics.", "Tom Ritchey __knowledge__ In 1988, Ritchey was inducted into the inaugural Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in Crested Butte, CO (now located in Fairfax, CA): and 2012, inducted to the United States Bicycle Hall of Fame in Davis, California." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ A mountain bike or mountain bicycle (abbreviated Mtn Bike or MTB) is a bicycle designed for off-road cycling.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ These typically include a front or full suspension, large knobby tires, more durable wheels, more powerful brakes, and lower gear ratios for climbing steep grades.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes are typically ridden on mountain trails, singletrack, fire roads, and other unpaved surfaces.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ This type of terrain commonly has rocks, roots, loose dirt, and steep grades.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Many trails have additional TTF's (Technical Trail Features) such as log piles, log rides, rock gardens, skinnies, gap jumps, and wall-rides.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes are built to handle these types of terrain and features.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ The heavy-duty construction combined with stronger rims and wider tires has also made this style of bicycle popular with urban riders and couriers who must navigate through potholes and over curbs.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Since the development of the sport in the 1970s many new subtypes of mountain biking have developed, such as cross-country (XC), all-day endurance, freeride, downhill, and a variety of track and slalom types.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ Bid Euchre, is the name given to a group of card games played in North America based on the game Euchre.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ It introduces an element of bidding in which the trump suit is decided by which player can bid to take the most tricks.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ The primary differences are the number of cards dealt, absence of any undealt cards, the bidding and scoring process, and the addition of a no trump declaration.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ It is typically a partnership game for four players, played with a 24, 32 or 36-card pack, or even two decks of 24 cards each.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ A pack of 24 cards containing 9, 10, J, Q, K, and A in each suit.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ The rank of the cards in the trump suit is: J (of trump suit, also known as the right bower; high), J (of the other suit of the same color as the trump suit, also known as the left bower), A, K, Q, 10, 9 (low).", "Pen spinning __knowledge__ Pen spinning is a form of object manipulation that involves the deft manipulation of a writing instrument with one's hands.", "Pen spinning __knowledge__ Although it is often considered a form of self-entertainment (usually in a school or office setting), multinational competitions and meetings are sometimes held.", "Pen spinning __knowledge__ It is sometimes classified as a form of contact juggling; however, some tricks do leave contact with the body.", "Pen spinning __knowledge__ Pen spinning is called pen mawashi or, more rarely and disparagingly, \"rōnin mawashi\" (\"rejected student spinning\") in Japan, where the pastime has been popular since at least the 1970s and where the Pen Spinning Association Japan is now dedicated to promoting the aspiring art form.", "Suit combination __knowledge__ In the card game contract bridge, a suit combination is a specific set of cards of a particular suit visible in declarer's and dummy's hands at the onset of the play of the cards.", "Suit combination __knowledge__ While the ranks of the remaining cards held in the two unseen hands of the opponents can be deduced precisely, their location is unknown.", "Suit combination __knowledge__ Suit combinations allow for all possible lies of the cards of the subject suit in the two closed hands.", "Suit combination __knowledge__ The term is also used for the sequence of plays from the declarer and dummy hands, conditional on intervening plays by the opponents; in other words, declarer's plan or strategy of play given his holdings and his goal for the number of tricks to be taken.", "Contract bridge __knowledge__ Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck.", "Contract bridge __knowledge__ It is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table.", "Contract bridge __knowledge__ Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular card games, particularly among seniors.", "Contract bridge __knowledge__ The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing bridge at the regional level.", "Contract bridge __knowledge__ The game consists of several , each progressing through four phases.", "Spades __knowledge__ Spades is a trick-taking card game devised in the United States in the 1930s.", "Spades __knowledge__ It can be played as either a partnership or solo/\"cutthroat\" game.", "Spades __knowledge__ The object is to take at least the number of tricks (also known as \"books\") that were bid before play of the hand began.", "Spades __knowledge__ Spades is a descendant of the Whist family of card games, which also includes Bridge, Hearts, and Oh Hell.", "Spades __knowledge__ Its major difference as compared to other Whist variants is that, instead of trump being decided by the highest bidder or at random, the Spade suit is always trumps, hence the name.", "Spades __knowledge__ Spades was devised in the United States in the late 1930s and became popular in the 1940s.", "Trick-taking game __knowledge__ A trick-taking game is a card game or tile-based game in which play of a \"hand\" centers on a series of finite rounds or units of play, called \"tricks\", which are each evaluated to determine a winner or \"taker\" of that trick.", "Trick-taking game __knowledge__ The object of such games then may be closely tied to the number of tricks taken, as in plain-trick games such as Whist, contract bridge, Spades, Napoleon, Euchre, Rowboat, Clubs and Spoil Five, or to the value of the cards contained in taken tricks, as in point-trick games such as Pinochle, the Tarot family, Mariage, Rook, All Fours, Manille, Briscola, and most \"evasion\" games like Hearts.", "Hand evaluation __knowledge__ In contract bridge, various bidding systems have been devised to enable partners to describe their hands to each other so that they may reach the optimum contract.", "Hand evaluation __knowledge__ Key to this process is that players evaluate and re-evaluate the trick-taking potential of their hands as the auction proceeds and additional information about partner's hand and the opponent's hands becomes available.", "Hand evaluation __knowledge__ Hand evaluation methods assess various features of a hand, including: its high card strength, shape or suit , , fit with partner, quality of suits and quality of the whole hand.", "Hand evaluation __knowledge__ The methods range from basic to complex, requiring partners to have the same understandings and agreements about their application in their bidding system.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking is the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially designed mountain bikes.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories: cross country, trail riding, all mountain (also referred to as \"Enduro\"), downhill, freeride and dirt jumping.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ However, the majority of mountain biking falls into the categories of Trail and Cross Country riding styles.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ The sport requires endurance, core strength and balance, bike handling skills, and self-reliance.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ Joe Breeze (born 1953) is a bicycle framebuilder, designer and advocate from Marin County, California.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ An early participant in the sport of mountain biking, Breeze, along with other pioneers including Gary Fisher, Charlie Kelly, and Tom Ritchey, is known for his central role in developing the mountain bike.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ Breeze is credited with designing and building the first all-new mountain bikes, which were called Breezers.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ He built the prototype, known as Breezer #1, in 1977 and completed nine more Series I Breezers by early 1978.", "Joe Breeze __knowledge__ Breezer #1 is now in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History.", "Mountain bike trials __knowledge__ Mountain bike trials, also known as observed trials, is a discipline of mountain biking in which the rider attempts to pass through an obstacle course without setting foot to ground.", "Mountain bike trials __knowledge__ Derived from motorcycle trials, it originated in Catalonia, Spain and is said to have been invented by the father of Ot Pi, a world champion motorcycle trials rider.", "Mountain bike trials __knowledge__ Pi's father had wanted his son to learn motorcycle trials by practicing on an ordinary bicycle.", "Mountain bike trials __knowledge__ Trials riding is an extreme test of bicycle handling skills, over all kinds of obstacles, both natural and man-made.", "Mountain bike trials __knowledge__ It now has a strong – though small – following worldwide, though it is still primarily a European sport.", "Electric bicycle __knowledge__ An electric bicycle, also known as an e-bike, powerbike or booster bike, is a bicycle with an integrated electric motor which can be used for propulsion.", "Electric bicycle __knowledge__ Many kinds of e-bikes are available worldwide, from e-bikes that only have a small motor to assist the rider's pedal-power (i.e., pedelecs) to somewhat more powerful e-bikes which tend closer to moped-style functionality: all, however, retain the ability to be pedalled by the rider and are therefore not electric motorcycles.", "Electric bicycle __knowledge__ E-bikes use rechargeable batteries and the lighter varieties can travel up to , depending on the laws of the country in which they are sold, while the more high-powered varieties can often do in excess of .", "Bicycle suspension __knowledge__ Bicycle suspension is the system, or systems, used to \"suspend\" the rider and bicycle in order to insulate them from the roughness of the terrain.", "Bicycle suspension __knowledge__ Bicycle suspension is used primarily on mountain bikes, but is also common on hybrid bicycles.", "Bicycle suspension __knowledge__ Bicycle suspension can be implemented in a variety of ways, and any combination thereof: Bicycles with only front suspension are referred to as hardtail and bicycles with suspension in both the front and rear are referred to as dual or full suspension bikes.", "Bicycle suspension __knowledge__ When a bicycle has no suspension it is called rigid.", "Bicycle suspension __knowledge__ Bicycles with only rear suspension are uncommon although the Brompton folding bicycle is equipped with rear only suspension.", "Schwinn Bicycle Company __knowledge__ The Schwinn Bicycle Company was founded by German-born mechanical engineer Ignaz Schwinn (1860–1945) in Chicago in 1895.", "Schwinn Bicycle Company __knowledge__ It became the dominant manufacturer of American bicycles through most of the 20th century.", "Schwinn Bicycle Company __knowledge__ After declaring bankruptcy in 1992, Schwinn has since been a sub-brand of Pacific Cycle, owned by the multi-national conglomerate, Dorel Industries.", "Schwinn Bicycle Company __knowledge__ Ignaz Schwinn was born in Hardheim, Baden, Germany, in 1860 and worked on two-wheeled ancestors of the modern bicycle that appeared in 19th century Europe.", "Schwinn Bicycle Company __knowledge__ Schwinn emigrated to the United States in 1891.", "Schwinn Bicycle Company __knowledge__ In 1895, with the financial backing of fellow German American Adolph Frederick William Arnold (a meat packer), he founded Arnold, Schwinn & Company." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 41 ]

[ "I love mountain bike because Gameplay largely remained the same as its predecessor", "Yes and the good thing about it is that Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, ", "Yes that is why it is the sport of riding bicycles off-road" ]

[ "Mountain bike", "Mountain bike", "Mountain bike" ]

[ "Appletini", "I have never been able to get into an appletini, I am a fan of wine or just a simple Vodka & soda.", "Don't forget whiskey! " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Appletini __knowledge__ An Apple martini (Appletini for short) is a cocktail containing vodka and one or more of apple juice, apple cider, apple liqueur, or apple brandy.", "Appletini __knowledge__ This drink, properly called an Adam's Apple Martini, was created in 1996 at Lola's West Hollywood restaurant.", "Appletini __knowledge__ In its purest form, it would contain: Typically, the ingredients are shaken or stirred and then strained into a cocktail glass.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A sweet and sour mix can also be added before shaking.", "Appletini __knowledge__ Optionally, vermouth may be included, as in a regular martini.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A common variation of the appletini is the \"Rumpletini\", with a light rum in place of the vodka.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A similar cocktail can be made with Martini Bianco white vermouth and apple juice in a long drink glass filled with ice." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Appletini __knowledge__ An Apple martini (Appletini for short) is a cocktail containing vodka and one or more of apple juice, apple cider, apple liqueur, or apple brandy.", "Appletini __knowledge__ This drink, properly called an Adam's Apple Martini, was created in 1996 at Lola's West Hollywood restaurant.", "Appletini __knowledge__ In its purest form, it would contain: Typically, the ingredients are shaken or stirred and then strained into a cocktail glass.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A sweet and sour mix can also be added before shaking.", "Appletini __knowledge__ Optionally, vermouth may be included, as in a regular martini.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A common variation of the appletini is the \"Rumpletini\", with a light rum in place of the vodka.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A similar cocktail can be made with Martini Bianco white vermouth and apple juice in a long drink glass filled with ice.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Vodka (from , ) is a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol, sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Traditionally, vodka is made by the distillation of cereal grains or potatoes that have been fermented, though some modern brands use other substances, such as fruits or sugar.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Since the 1890s, the standard Polish, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and Czech vodkas are 40% alcohol by volume ABV (80 US proof), a percentage that is widely misattributed to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev.", "Vodka __knowledge__ The European Union has established a minimum of 37.5% ABV for any \"European vodka\" to be named as such.", "Alcohol belts of Europe __knowledge__ The alcohol belts of Europe are regions in Europe which are considered to be divided by association with either beer, wine or spirits.", "Alcohol belts of Europe __knowledge__ The alcohol belts refer to the traditional beverages of countries rather than what is most commonly drunk by the populace today, as in terms of drinking habits beer has become the most popular alcoholic drink in the whole world - including various parts of the wine and vodka belts.", "Alcohol belts of Europe __knowledge__ Being an informal term, the \"vodka belt\" has no established definition.", "Alcohol belts of Europe __knowledge__ However, the general definition tends to include the following states as significant producers and consumers of vodka: The few EU countries of the vodka belt produce over 70% of the EU's vodka.", "Shaken, not stirred __knowledge__ \"Shaken, not stirred\" is a catchphrase of Ian Fleming's fictional British Secret Service agent James Bond and describes his preference for the preparation of his martini cocktails.", "Shaken, not stirred __knowledge__ The phrase first appears in the novel \"Diamonds Are Forever\" (1956), though Bond himself does not actually say it until \"Dr. No\" (1958), where his exact words are \"shaken and not stirred.\"", "Shaken, not stirred __knowledge__ In the film adaptations of Fleming's novels, the phrase is first uttered by the villain, Dr. Julius No, when he offers the drink in \"Dr. No\" (1962), and it is not uttered by Bond himself (played by Sean Connery) until \"Goldfinger\" (1964).", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts.", "Prediction of volcanic activity __knowledge__ Prediction of volcanic eruption (also: \"volcanic eruption forecasting\") is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption.", "Prediction of volcanic activity __knowledge__ Of particular importance is the prediction of hazardous eruptions that could lead to catastrophic loss of life, property, and disruption of human activities.", "Prediction of volcanic activity __knowledge__ Patterns of seismicity are complex and often difficult to interpret; however, increasing seismic activity is a good indicator of increasing eruption risk, especially if long-period events become dominant and episodes of harmonic tremor appear.", "Prediction of volcanic activity __knowledge__ Using a similar method, researchers can detect volcanic eruptions by monitoring infra-sound—sub-audible sound below 20 Hz.", "Soda Stereo __knowledge__ Soda Stereo was an Argentine rock band created in Buenos Aires in 1982 by the power trio made up of Gustavo Cerati (lead vocals, guitars), Héctor \"Zeta\" Bosio (bass), and Charly Alberti (drums).", "Soda Stereo __knowledge__ Considered one of the most influential and important Latin American bands of all time and a legend of Latin music.", "Soda Stereo __knowledge__ It achieved international success throughout the 1980s and 1990s, playing a pivotal role in the surfacing, development and dissemination of Latin and Ibero-American rock outside Argentina.", "Soda Stereo __knowledge__ They were the first Latin rock group to achieve success throughout Hispanic America.", "Soda Stereo __knowledge__ Soda was part of a renewal in Argentina's rock scene, coinciding with the return of democracy at the beginning of the 80s with its attending optimism and the birth of other history-making acts like Virus, Zas, Sumo, Los Abuelos de la Nada, Los Fabulosos Cadillacs, Los Enanitos Verdes, etc.", "Sour mix __knowledge__ Sour mix (also known as sweet and sour mix) is a mixer that is yellow-green in color and is used in many cocktails.", "Sour mix __knowledge__ It is made from approximately equal parts lemon and/or lime juice and simple syrup and shaken vigorously with ice.", "Sour mix __knowledge__ This produces a pearly-white liquid with a pronounced flavor.", "Sour mix __knowledge__ Optionally, egg-whites may be added to make the liquid slightly foamy.", "Sour mix __knowledge__ Sour mix can be mixed with liquor(s) to make a sour drink; most common are vodka sour (vodka) and whiskey sour (whiskey).", "Sour mix __knowledge__ Pre-mixed versions are available, and are in use in many bars.", "Sour mix __knowledge__ These typically consist of a powder which must be rehydrated by adding water prior to use.", "Blue Hawaii (drink) __knowledge__ The Blue Hawaii is a tropical cocktail made of rum, pineapple juice, Curaçao, sweet and sour mix, and sometimes vodka as well.", "Blue Hawaii (drink) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with the similarly named Blue Hawaiian cocktail (also known as the Swimming Pool cocktail) that contains creme of coconut instead of sweet and sour mix.", "Blue Hawaii (drink) __knowledge__ The Blue Hawaii was invented in 1957 by Harry Yee, legendary head bartender of the Hilton Hawaiian Village (formerly the Kaiser Hawaiian Village) in Waikiki, Hawaii when a sales representative of Dutch distiller Bols asked him to design a drink that featured their blue color of Curaçao liqueur.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ A pisco sour is an alcoholic cocktail of Peruvian origin that is typical of the cuisines from Chile and Peru, considered also a South American classic.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ The drink's name comes from \"pisco\", which is its base liquor, and the cocktail term \"sour\", in reference to sour citrus juice and sweetener components.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ The Peruvian pisco sour uses Peruvian \"pisco\" as the base liquor and adds freshly squeezed lime juice, syrup, ice, egg white, and Angostura bitters.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ The Chilean version is similar, but uses Chilean \"pisco\" and pica lime, and excludes the bitters and egg white.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ Other variants of the cocktail include those created with fruits like pineapple or plants such as coca leaves.", "Mentos __knowledge__ Mentos is a brand of prepackaged scotch mints sold in stores and vending machines.", "Mentos __knowledge__ First produced in the Netherlands in 1948, it is currently sold in more than 130 countries worldwide by the Italian corporation Perfetti Van Melle.", "Mentos __knowledge__ The mints are small oblate spheroids, with a slightly hard exterior and a soft, chewy interior.", "Mentos __knowledge__ They are typically sold in rolls which contain 14 mint discs, although the \"Sour Mix\" variety contains only 11 discs per roll.", "Mentos __knowledge__ Smaller versions also exist, typically containing 4 to 6 discs per roll.", "Mentos __knowledge__ Certain flavors are sold in boxes in Australia, the United States, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil and the United Kingdom, and the rolls are available in four packs.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Russian cuisine is a collection of the different cooking traditions of the Russian people.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine is diverse, with Northern and Eastern European, Caucasian, Central Asian, Siberian, and East Asian influences .", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Russian cuisine derives its varied character from the vast and multi-ethnic expanse of Russia.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Moreover, it is necessary to divide Russian traditional cuisine and Soviet cuisine, which has its own peculiarity.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Its foundations were laid by the peasant food of the rural population in an often harsh climate, with a combination of plentiful fish, pork, poultry, caviar, mushrooms, berries, and honey.", "Mixed drink supplies __knowledge__ Mixed drink supplies are the various components that are used to create mixed drinks.", "Mixed drink supplies __knowledge__ Mixed drinks are served in drinkware, usually some type of glassware drinking vessel.", "Mixed drink supplies __knowledge__ Many glasses are named after popular drinks served in a specific style of glass (e.g., old fashioned glass, collins glass, Champagne flute, etc.).", "Mixed drink supplies __knowledge__ Not all drinkware is made of glass, though.", "Mixed drink supplies __knowledge__ Beer steins are often made of stoneware, and some hot mixed drinks, like Irish coffee may be served in ceramic mugs.", "Mixed drink supplies __knowledge__ Ingredients for mixed drinks are often measured by a bar spoon, equivalent to a teaspoon.", "Mixed drink supplies __knowledge__ In alcoholic mixed drinks, distilled beverages (e.g., vodka, gin, and whiskey and fermented beverages (e.g., beer, wine, and sake) form the base of the drink." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Appletini __knowledge__ An Apple martini (Appletini for short) is a cocktail containing vodka and one or more of apple juice, apple cider, apple liqueur, or apple brandy.", "Appletini __knowledge__ This drink, properly called an Adam's Apple Martini, was created in 1996 at Lola's West Hollywood restaurant.", "Appletini __knowledge__ In its purest form, it would contain: Typically, the ingredients are shaken or stirred and then strained into a cocktail glass.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A sweet and sour mix can also be added before shaking.", "Appletini __knowledge__ Optionally, vermouth may be included, as in a regular martini.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A common variation of the appletini is the \"Rumpletini\", with a light rum in place of the vodka.", "Appletini __knowledge__ A similar cocktail can be made with Martini Bianco white vermouth and apple juice in a long drink glass filled with ice.", "Guide Falls __knowledge__ The Guide Falls and Upper Guide Falls, a tieredcascade waterfall on the Guide River, is located in the North West region of Tasmania, Australia.", "Guide Falls __knowledge__ The waterfalls are situated about 19km south of at an elevation of above sea level and descend in the range of .", "Guide Falls __knowledge__ To access the falls from Burnie, take the road towards Cradle Mountain, and then turn right just outside the boundary of Ridgley and continue down into the gully and turn left at a posted gate sign.", "Guide Falls __knowledge__ Once entered, the Guide River is to the right and continue to drive up the gravel road where the falls are located.", "Guide Falls __knowledge__ The top is safe and there are great view from the fenced lookout.", "The Livid Flame __knowledge__ The Livid Flame is a 1914 American silent short drama directed by Francis J. Grandon and written by William Wing.", "The Livid Flame __knowledge__ The film stars Earle Foxe, Lafayette McKee and Adda Gleason.", "The Livid Flame __knowledge__ The film was produced by the Selig Polyscope Company.", "The Livid Flame __knowledge__ Burkhart, a prominent business man and the popular candidate for governor on the Citizens' ticket, becomes impressed with the ability of James McNair, a young attorney, and engages him to look after his legal business.", "The Livid Flame __knowledge__ He has a charming wife and little baby whom be loves devotedly.", "The Livid Flame __knowledge__ But the brilliant young lawyer has a weakness which he has successfully hidden from his wife and from his intimate associates.", "Irish whiskey __knowledge__ Irish whiskey ( or \"uisce beatha\") is whiskey made on the island of Ireland.", "Irish whiskey __knowledge__ The word \"whiskey\" is an Anglicisation of the first word in the Gaelic phrase, \"uisce beatha\", meaning \"water of life\" (modern Irish: \"uisce beatha\", Scottish: \"uisge\" \"beatha\" and Manx: \"ushtey bea\").", "Irish whiskey __knowledge__ The phrase was a translation of the Latin term aqua vitae, which was commonly used to describe distilled spirits during the Middle Ages.", "Irish whiskey __knowledge__ Peat is rarely used in the malting process, so that Irish whiskey has a smoother finish as opposed to the smoky, earthy overtones common to some Scotches.", "Irish whiskey __knowledge__ There are notable exceptions to these rules in both countries; an example is Connemara peated Irish malt (double distilled) whiskey from the Cooley Distillery in Riverstown, Cooley, County Louth.", "Whiskey Bottom Road __knowledge__ Whiskey Bottom Road is a historic road north of Laurel, Maryland that traverses Anne Arundel and Howard Counties in an area that was first settled by English colonists in the mid-1600s.", "Whiskey Bottom Road __knowledge__ The road was named in the 1880s in association with one of its residents delivering whiskey after a prohibition vote.", "Whiskey Bottom Road __knowledge__ With increased residential development after World War II, it was designated a collector road in the 1960s; a community center and park are among the most recent roadside developments.", "Whiskey Bottom Road __knowledge__ Whiskey Bottom Road runs through North Laurel, Maryland starting at the later Maryland Route 198 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.", "Tennessee whiskey __knowledge__ Tennessee whiskey is straight whiskey produced in Tennessee.", "Tennessee whiskey __knowledge__ Although it has been legally defined as a bourbon whiskey in some international trade agreements, most current producers of Tennessee whiskey disclaim references to their products as \"bourbon\" and do not label them as such on any of their bottles or advertising materials.", "Tennessee whiskey __knowledge__ All current producers are required by Tennessee law to produce their whiskey in Tennessee and, with the sole exception of Benjamin Prichard's, to also use a filtering step known as the Lincoln County Process prior to aging the whiskey.", "Tennessee whiskey __knowledge__ Beyond perceived marketing value of the distinction, Tennessee whiskey and bourbon have almost identical requirements and most Tennessee whiskeys meet the criteria for bourbon.", "Whiskey Rebellion __knowledge__ The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 during the presidency of George Washington.", "Whiskey Rebellion __knowledge__ The so-called \"whiskey tax\" was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government.", "Whiskey Rebellion __knowledge__ It became law in 1791, and was intended to generate revenue for the war debt incurred during the Revolutionary War.", "Whiskey Rebellion __knowledge__ The tax applied to all distilled spirits, but American whiskey was by far the country's most popular distilled beverage in the 18th century, so the excise became widely known as a \"whiskey tax\".", "Whiskey Rebellion __knowledge__ Farmers of the western frontier were accustomed to distilling their surplus rye, barley, wheat, corn, or fermented grain mixtures into whiskey.", "Whiskey Media __knowledge__ Whiskey Media was an American online media company founded independently by CNET co-founder Shelby Bonnie in 2008.", "Whiskey Media __knowledge__ It was the parent company of Tested, Screened, and Anime Vice, and the former parent company of Giant Bomb and Comic Vine.", "Whiskey Media __knowledge__ Whiskey Media websites are wiki community based, while maintaining an editorial staff.", "Whiskey Media __knowledge__ The company's target demographic are focused primarily on males between 10 and 30.", "Whiskey Media __knowledge__ The name \"Whiskey Media\" is a reference to a Kentucky distillery that was owned by the family of Shelby Bonnie before prohibition.", "Whiskey Media __knowledge__ Whiskey Media operates in San Francisco, California, after previously being located in Sausalito.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts.", "Ole Smoky Distillery __knowledge__ Ole Smoky Tennessee Moonshine is a corn whiskey distillery in Gatlinburg, Tennessee.", "Ole Smoky Distillery __knowledge__ Their downtown Gatlinburg, Tennessee facility features two working copper stills.", "Ole Smoky Distillery __knowledge__ Visitors are able see the distilling process up close while learning about the history of moonshine production in the Smoky Mountains.", "Ole Smoky Distillery __knowledge__ Free samples are offered.", "Ole Smoky Distillery __knowledge__ The Ole Smoky Moonshine Distillery, “The Holler”, is America’s most visited distillery.", "Ole Smoky Distillery __knowledge__ A second distillery, dubbed The Barn, opened in fall 2014 in Pigeon Forge.", "Ole Smoky Distillery __knowledge__ When Tennessee state law changed to allow the distillation of spirits, Ole Smoky Distillery, LLC became the first federally licensed distillery in the history of East Tennessee.", "Moonshine __knowledge__ Moonshine was originally a slang term for high-proof distilled spirits usually produced illicitly, without government authorization.", "Moonshine __knowledge__ In recent years, however, moonshine has been legalized in various countries and has become a commercial product.", "Moonshine __knowledge__ Legal in the United States since 2010, moonshine is defined as \"clear, unaged whiskey\", typically made with corn mash as its main ingredient.", "Moonshine __knowledge__ Liquor-control laws in the United States always applied to moonshine, with efforts accelerated during the total ban on alcohol production mandated under the 18th Amendment of the Constitution.", "Moonshine __knowledge__ Since its repeal, and moonshine's recent legalization, they focus on evasion of revenue taxation on spiritous or intoxicating liquors.", "Monstrous moonshine __knowledge__ In mathematics, monstrous moonshine, or moonshine theory, is the unexpected connection between the monster group \"M\" and modular functions, in particular, the \"j\" function.", "Monstrous moonshine __knowledge__ The term was coined by John Conway and Simon P. Norton in 1979.", "Monstrous moonshine __knowledge__ It is now known that lying behind monstrous moonshine is a vertex operator algebra called the moonshine module (or monster vertex algebra) constructed by Igor Frenkel, James Lepowsky, and Arne Meurman in 1988, having the monster group as symmetries.", "Monstrous moonshine __knowledge__ This vertex operator algebra is commonly interpreted as a structure underlying a two-dimensional conformal field theory, allowing physics to form a bridge between two mathematical areas.", "Poke-O-Moonshine Mountain __knowledge__ Poke-O-Moonshine Mountain, spelled Pokamoonshine on U.S. Geological Survey maps, and sometimes known as just Poke-O, is a minor peak of the Adirondack Mountains.", "Poke-O-Moonshine Mountain __knowledge__ The name is believed to be a corruption of the Algonquin words \"pohqui\", meaning 'broken', and \"moosie\", meaning 'smooth'.", "Poke-O-Moonshine Mountain __knowledge__ It is located in the town of Chesterfield, New York, United States, on New York state Forest Preserve land, part of the Taylor Pond Wild Forest complex within the Adirondack Park.", "Poke-O-Moonshine Mountain __knowledge__ Due to its location next to the pass through which most travelers from the north enter the range, it has been called the \"gateway to the Adirondacks\".", "Moonshine (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Moonshine\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars for his second studio album \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Moonshine (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ It was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Andrew Wyatt, Jeff Bhasker and Mark Ronson who also served as its producer along with the former three, under their alias, The Smeezingtons, and Bhasker.", "Moonshine (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Moonshine\" is a midtempo pop, power pop and R&B record.", "Moonshine (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ In addition to be heavily influenced by quiet storm and dance-pop styles, as well as, presenting a \"disco groove\".", "Moonshine (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ Development of \"Moonshine\" began while Mars, Ronson and Bhasker \"went out one night\" and drunk moonshine all night long.", "Umbral moonshine __knowledge__ In mathematics, umbral moonshine is a mysterious connection between Niemeier lattices and Ramanujan's mock theta functions.", "Umbral moonshine __knowledge__ It is a generalization of the Mathieu moonshine phenomenon connecting representations of the Mathieu group M24 with K3 surfaces.", "Umbral moonshine __knowledge__ The prehistory of Mathieu moonshine starts with a theorem of Mukai, asserting that any group of symplectic automorphisms of a K3 surface embeds in the Mathieu group M23.", "Umbral moonshine __knowledge__ The moonshine observation arose from physical considerations: any K3 sigma-model conformal field theory has an action of the N=(4,4) superconformal algebra, arising from a hyperkähler structure." ] ]

[ 4, 0, 28 ]

[ "I love Appletini drinks with a bit of sweet and sour mix added!", "I can understand. I come from Tennessee where it is more of a moonshine state.", "That's true. Tennessee whiskey is produced straight from Tennessee!" ]

[ "Appletini", "Appletini", "Appletini" ]

[ "Recycling", "Why not! Recycling is one of the ways to preserve the ecosystem", "Do you know any waste recycling company?", "How does it work?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.", "Recycling __knowledge__ It is an alternative to \"conventional\" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to plastic production, for example).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \"Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle\" waste hierarchy.", "Recycling __knowledge__ There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice.", "Recycling __knowledge__ \"Recyclable materials\" include many kinds of glass, paper, and cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, and electronics.", "Recycling __knowledge__ The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling.", "Recycling __knowledge__ Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing.", "Recycling __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.", "Recycling __knowledge__ It is an alternative to \"conventional\" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to plastic production, for example).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \"Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle\" waste hierarchy.", "Recycling __knowledge__ There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice.", "Recycling __knowledge__ \"Recyclable materials\" include many kinds of glass, paper, and cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, and electronics.", "Recycling __knowledge__ The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling.", "Recycling __knowledge__ Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing.", "Recycling __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene.", "Nutrient cycle __knowledge__ A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of matter.", "Nutrient cycle __knowledge__ unidirectional and noncyclic pathways, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic.", "Nutrient cycle __knowledge__ Mineral cycles include carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle, oxygen cycle, among others that continually recycle along with other mineral nutrients into productive ecological nutrition.", "Nutrient cycle __knowledge__ Global biogeochemical cycles The nutrient cycle is nature's recycling system.", "Nutrient cycle __knowledge__ All forms of recycling have feedback loops that uses energy in the process of putting material resources back into use.", "Ecosystem services __knowledge__ Ecosystem services are the many and varied benefits that humans freely gain from the natural environment and from properly-functioning ecosystems.", "Ecosystem services __knowledge__ Such ecosystems include, for example, agroecosystems, forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.", "Ecosystem services __knowledge__ Collectively, these benefits are becoming known as 'ecosystem services', and are often integral to the provisioning of clean drinking water, the decomposition of wastes, and the natural pollination of crops and other plants.", "Ecosystem services __knowledge__ While scientists and environmentalists have discussed ecosystem services implicitly for decades, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in the early 2000s popularized the concept.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ Zero Waste is a philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles so that all products are reused.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The goal is for no trash to be sent to landfills or incinerators.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The process recommended is one similar to the way that resources are reused in nature.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The definition adopted by the \"Zero Waste International Alliance\" (ZWIA) is: Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and visionary, to guide people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Electronic waste or e-waste in the United States refers to electronic products that have reached the end of their operable lives, and the United States is beginning to address its waste problems with regulations at a state and federal level.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Used electronics are the quickest-growing source of waste and can have serious health impacts.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ The United States is the world leader in producing the most e-waste, followed closely by China; both countries domestically recycle and export e-waste.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Only recently has the United States begun to make an effort to start regulating where e-waste goes and how it is disposed of.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In ecology, sustainability (from \"sustain\" and \"ability\") is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.", "Ecosystem health __knowledge__ Ecosystem health is a metaphor used to describe the condition of an ecosystem.", "Ecosystem health __knowledge__ Ecosystem condition can vary as a result of fire, flooding, drought, extinctions, invasive species, climate change, mining, overexploitation in fishing, farming or logging, chemical spills, and a host of other reasons.", "Ecosystem health __knowledge__ There is no universally accepted benchmark for a healthy ecosystem, rather the apparent health status of an ecosystem can vary depending upon which health metrics are employed in judging it and which societal aspirations are driving the assessment.", "Ecosystem health __knowledge__ Advocates of the health metaphor argue for its simplicity as a communication tool.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Computer recycling, electronic recycling or e-waste recycling is the disassembly and separation of components and raw materials of waste electronics.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Although the procedures of re-use, donation and repair are not strictly recycling, they are other common sustainable ways to dispose of IT waste.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ In 2009, 38% of computers and a quarter of total electronic waste was recycled in the United States, 5% and 3% up from 3 years prior respectively.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Since its inception in the early 1990s, more and more devices are recycled worldwide due to increased awareness and investment.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Electronic recycling occurs primarily in order to recover valuable rare earth metals and precious metals, which are in short supply, as well as plastics and metals.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal are also considered e-waste.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Informal processing of e-waste in developing countries can lead to adverse human health effects and environmental pollution.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Electronic scrap components, such as CPUs, contain potentially harmful components such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, or brominated flame retardants.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve significant risk to health of workers and communities in developed countries and great care must be taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling operations and leaking of materials such as heavy metals from landfills and incinerator ashes.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ The San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance (No.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ 100-09) is a local municipal ordinance requiring all persons located in San Francisco to separate their recyclables, compostables and landfilled trash and to participate in recycling and composting programs.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ Passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 2009, it became the first local municipal ordinance in the United States to universally require source separation of all organic material, including food residuals.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ The roots of San Francisco’s recycling and composting program can be traced back to the formation of the Scavengers Protective Union in 1879, when loose federations of scavengers began.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ Electronic waste in Japan is a major environmental issue.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ Although Japan was one of the first countries to implement an electronic waste recycling program, it is still having serious issues.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ In this day and age, e-waste disposal has become of major importance due to the increasing demand for electronics on a worldwide scale.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ In 2013, the Japanese government reported that roughly 550,000 tons of e-waste was collected and treated in Japan, which only equates to about 24-30% of total e-waste.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ Not only does e-waste harm the environment if untreated, it also becomes a fiscal loss due to the material lost that could have been salvaged." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.", "Recycling __knowledge__ It is an alternative to \"conventional\" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to plastic production, for example).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \"Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle\" waste hierarchy.", "Recycling __knowledge__ There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice.", "Recycling __knowledge__ \"Recyclable materials\" include many kinds of glass, paper, and cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, and electronics.", "Recycling __knowledge__ The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling.", "Recycling __knowledge__ Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing.", "Recycling __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Electronic waste or e-waste in the United States refers to electronic products that have reached the end of their operable lives, and the United States is beginning to address its waste problems with regulations at a state and federal level.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Used electronics are the quickest-growing source of waste and can have serious health impacts.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ The United States is the world leader in producing the most e-waste, followed closely by China; both countries domestically recycle and export e-waste.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Only recently has the United States begun to make an effort to start regulating where e-waste goes and how it is disposed of.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal are also considered e-waste.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Informal processing of e-waste in developing countries can lead to adverse human health effects and environmental pollution.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Electronic scrap components, such as CPUs, contain potentially harmful components such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, or brominated flame retardants.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve significant risk to health of workers and communities in developed countries and great care must be taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling operations and leaking of materials such as heavy metals from landfills and incinerator ashes.", "Food waste recycling in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Food waste recycling is a process to convert food waste into useful materials and products for achieving sustainability of the environment.", "Food waste recycling in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Food waste is defined as all inedible and edible parts of food that creates preceding and succeeding food processing, production and consumption.", "Food waste recycling in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Greenhouse gases, especially methane can be reduced by food waste recycling.", "Food waste recycling in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Food waste recycling can also alleviate the saturation of landfill sites in Hong Kong.", "Food waste recycling in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The amount of food waste accounts for 38% of the municipal solid waste in Hong Kong .", "Food waste recycling in Hong Kong __knowledge__ According to the statistics published by the Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong generates approximately 3,648 tonnes food waste each day.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Computer recycling, electronic recycling or e-waste recycling is the disassembly and separation of components and raw materials of waste electronics.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Although the procedures of re-use, donation and repair are not strictly recycling, they are other common sustainable ways to dispose of IT waste.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ In 2009, 38% of computers and a quarter of total electronic waste was recycled in the United States, 5% and 3% up from 3 years prior respectively.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Since its inception in the early 1990s, more and more devices are recycled worldwide due to increased awareness and investment.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Electronic recycling occurs primarily in order to recover valuable rare earth metals and precious metals, which are in short supply, as well as plastics and metals.", "Electronic waste in China __knowledge__ Electronic waste is a serious environmental issue in China.", "Electronic waste in China __knowledge__ China is the largest importer of e-waste and is home to most of the world’s largest dumpsites.", "Electronic waste in China __knowledge__ Rapid economic growth, coupled with the world’s increasing demand for electronics has dramatically increased the amount of e-waste being disposed of.", "Electronic waste in China __knowledge__ Roughly 70% this global e-waste ends up in China.", "Electronic waste in China __knowledge__ While the e-waste disposal sector is responsible for many jobs in rural Southeastern China, it has also posed environmental and health risks by releasing toxic pollutants.", "Electronic waste in China __knowledge__ Most of these risks arise from the fact that 60% of the e-waste is processed in informal recycling centers by unskilled ill-equipped manual labour.", "Recycling in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In 2015, 43.5% of the United Kingdom’s municipal waste was recycled, composted or broken down by anaerobic digestion.", "Recycling in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The majority of recycling undertaken in the United Kingdom is done by statutory authorities, although commercial and industrial waste is chiefly processed by private companies.", "Recycling in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Local Authorities are responsible for the collection of municipal waste and operate contracts which are usually kerbside collection schemes.", "Recycling in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The Household Waste Recycling Act 2003 required local authorities in England to provide every household with a separate collection of at least two types of recyclable materials by 2010.", "City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program __knowledge__ The City of Oakland, California, adopted a Zero Waste Strategic Plan in 2006, detailing a road map for the City to follow toward the implementation of a Zero Waste System by 2020.", "City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program __knowledge__ As stated in a City Resolution, introduced by then Mayor Jerry Brown, Zero Waste principles: Zero Waste systems can be traced back to chemist Paul Palmer who developed and coined the concept in the 1970s (in Oakland, CA) in order to find a way to reuse the vast amount of chemicals produced by the electronics industry.", "City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program __knowledge__ Today, cities like Oakland are adopting Zero Waste Systems to create a process that redirects all end-of-life products toward future applications in the marketplace, rather than to a landfill.", "Lean manufacturing __knowledge__ Lean manufacturing or lean production, often simply \"lean\", is a systematic method for waste minimization (\"Muda\") within a manufacturing system without sacrificing productivity.", "Lean manufacturing __knowledge__ Lean also takes into account waste created through overburden (\"Muri\") and waste created through unevenness in work loads (\"Mura\").", "Lean manufacturing __knowledge__ Working from the perspective of the client who consumes a product or service, \"value\" is any action or process that a customer would be willing to pay for.", "Lean manufacturing __knowledge__ Lean manufacturing makes obvious what adds value, by reducing everything else (which is not adding value).", "Lean manufacturing __knowledge__ This management philosophy is derived mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS) and identified as \"lean\" only in the 1990s.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ The San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance (No.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ 100-09) is a local municipal ordinance requiring all persons located in San Francisco to separate their recyclables, compostables and landfilled trash and to participate in recycling and composting programs.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ Passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 2009, it became the first local municipal ordinance in the United States to universally require source separation of all organic material, including food residuals.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ The roots of San Francisco’s recycling and composting program can be traced back to the formation of the Scavengers Protective Union in 1879, when loose federations of scavengers began.", "Domestic waste management in Hong Kong __knowledge__ In Hong Kong, domestic waste has always been the largest portion of municipal solid waste.", "Domestic waste management in Hong Kong __knowledge__ In 2014, domestic waste constitutes 65% of municipal solid waste, and 43% of total solid waste at landfills (Environmental Protection Department [EPD], 2015b).", "Domestic waste management in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong has the highest daily domestic waste generation rates per capita compared to other metropolitans in Asia: Metro Tokyo creates 0.77 kg per day per capita, Seoul generates 0.95 kg, Taipei City produces 1.00 kg and Hong Kong tops the rank by 1.36 kg (Environment Bureau, 2013).", "Domestic waste management in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Table 1 (Source: Environmental Protection Department [EPD], 2015b) In order to boost the recycling industries in Hong Kong, HKSAR assists the recycling industries to solve their constraints by setting up the Eco Park at Tuen Mun, with a site area of 200,000m2, Eco-Park is developed in two phases and provides a rentable area of 140,000m2 long term land at affordable costs for the recycling industry.", "Lean IT __knowledge__ Lean IT is the extension of lean manufacturing and lean services principles to the development and management of information technology (IT) products and services.", "Lean IT __knowledge__ Its central concern, applied in the context of IT, is the elimination of waste, where \"waste\" is work that adds no value to a product or service.", "Lean IT __knowledge__ Although lean principles are generally well established and have broad applicability, their extension from manufacturing to IT is only just emerging.", "Lean IT __knowledge__ Lean IT poses significant challenges for practitioners while raising the promise of no less significant benefits.", "Lean IT __knowledge__ And whereas Lean IT initiatives can be limited in scope and deliver results quickly, implementing Lean IT is a continuing and long-term process that may take years before lean principles become intrinsic to an organization’s culture.", "Waste management __knowledge__ Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.", "Waste management __knowledge__ This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation.", "Waste management __knowledge__ It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.", "Waste management __knowledge__ Waste can take any form that is either solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management.", "Waste management __knowledge__ Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.", "Recycling __knowledge__ It is an alternative to \"conventional\" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to plastic production, for example).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \"Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle\" waste hierarchy.", "Recycling __knowledge__ There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice.", "Recycling __knowledge__ \"Recyclable materials\" include many kinds of glass, paper, and cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, and electronics.", "Recycling __knowledge__ The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling.", "Recycling __knowledge__ Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing.", "Recycling __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene.", "Collective work __knowledge__ A collective work is a work that contains the works of several authors assembled and published under the direction of one natural or legal person who owns the copyright in the work as a whole.", "Collective work __knowledge__ Definitions vary considerably from one country to another, but usually treat ownership of the work as a whole as distinct from ownership of the individual contributions, so the individual authors may retain the right to publish their work elsewhere.", "Collective work __knowledge__ It is common for publication of articles on the Internet, when isolated from the context of the overall work, to be considered to be outside of the standard agreement between the author and the owner of the collective work.", "Work (thermodynamics) __knowledge__ In thermodynamics, work performed by a system is the energy transferred by the system to its surroundings, that is fully accounted for solely by macroscopic forces exerted on the system by factors external to it, that is to say, factors in its surroundings.", "Work (thermodynamics) __knowledge__ Thermodynamic work is a version of the concept of work in physics.", "Work (thermodynamics) __knowledge__ The external factors may be electromagnetic, gravitational, or pressure/volume or other simply mechanical constraints.", "Work (thermodynamics) __knowledge__ Thermodynamic work is defined to be measurable solely from knowledge of such external macroscopic forces.", "Work (thermodynamics) __knowledge__ These forces are associated with macroscopic state variables of the system that always occur in conjugate pairs, for example pressure and volume or magnetic flux density and magnetization.", "Derivative work __knowledge__ In copyright law, a derivative work is an expressive creation that includes major copyright-protected elements of an original, previously created first work (the underlying work).", "Derivative work __knowledge__ The derivative work becomes a second, separate work independent in form from the first.", "Derivative work __knowledge__ The transformation, modification or adaptation of the work must be substantial and bear its author's personality to be original and thus protected by copyright.", "Derivative work __knowledge__ Translations, cinematic adaptations and musical arrangements are common types of derivative works.", "Derivative work __knowledge__ Most countries' legal systems seek to protect both original and derivative works.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Care work __knowledge__ Care work is a sub-category of work that includes all tasks that directly involve care processes done in service of others.", "Care work __knowledge__ It is often differentiated from other forms of work because it is considered to be intrinsically motivated, meaning that people are motivated to pursue care work for reasons other than financial compensation.", "Care work __knowledge__ Another factor that is often used to differentiate caring labor from other types of work is the motivating factor.", "Care work __knowledge__ This perspective defines care labor as labor undertaken out of affection or a sense of responsibility for other people, with no expectation of immediate pecuniary reward.", "Telecommuting __knowledge__ Telecommuting, also called remote work, telework, work from home, or teleworking, is a work arrangement in which employees do not commute or travel (e.g.", "Telecommuting __knowledge__ by bus or car) to a central place of work, such as an office building, warehouse, or store.", "Telecommuting __knowledge__ Teleworkers in the 21st century often use mobile telecommunications technology such as Wi-Fi-equipped laptop or tablet computers and smartphones to work from coffee shops; others may use a desktop computer and a landline phone at their home.", "Telecommuting __knowledge__ According to a Reuters poll, approximately \"one in five workers around the globe, particularly employees in the Middle East, Latin America and Asia, telecommute frequently and nearly 10 percent work from home every day.\"", "Double burden __knowledge__ Double burden is a term used to describe the workload of people who work to earn money, but who are also responsible for significant amounts of unpaid domestic labor.", "Double burden __knowledge__ This phenomenon is also known as \"The Second Shift\" as in Arlie Hochschild's book of the same name.", "Double burden __knowledge__ In couples where both partners have paid jobs, women often spend significantly more time than men on household chores and caring work, such as childrearing or caring for sick family members.", "Double burden __knowledge__ This outcome is determined in large part by traditional gender roles that have been accepted by society over time.", "Double burden __knowledge__ Labor market constraints also play a role in determining who does the bulk of unpaid work.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ Zero Waste is a philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles so that all products are reused.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The goal is for no trash to be sent to landfills or incinerators.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The process recommended is one similar to the way that resources are reused in nature.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The definition adopted by the \"Zero Waste International Alliance\" (ZWIA) is: Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and visionary, to guide people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them.", "City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program __knowledge__ The City of Oakland, California, adopted a Zero Waste Strategic Plan in 2006, detailing a road map for the City to follow toward the implementation of a Zero Waste System by 2020.", "City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program __knowledge__ As stated in a City Resolution, introduced by then Mayor Jerry Brown, Zero Waste principles: Zero Waste systems can be traced back to chemist Paul Palmer who developed and coined the concept in the 1970s (in Oakland, CA) in order to find a way to reuse the vast amount of chemicals produced by the electronics industry.", "City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program __knowledge__ Today, cities like Oakland are adopting Zero Waste Systems to create a process that redirects all end-of-life products toward future applications in the marketplace, rather than to a landfill.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ The San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance (No.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ 100-09) is a local municipal ordinance requiring all persons located in San Francisco to separate their recyclables, compostables and landfilled trash and to participate in recycling and composting programs.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ Passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 2009, it became the first local municipal ordinance in the United States to universally require source separation of all organic material, including food residuals.", "San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance __knowledge__ The roots of San Francisco’s recycling and composting program can be traced back to the formation of the Scavengers Protective Union in 1879, when loose federations of scavengers began.", "Trashed (film) __knowledge__ Trashed is an environmental documentary film, written and directed by British film-maker Candida Brady.", "Trashed (film) __knowledge__ It follows actor Jeremy Irons as he investigates the global scale and impact of humanity's modern wasteful consumerism and pollution.", "Trashed (film) __knowledge__ The film is a call for urgent action to resolve the issue of existing deposits and drastically reduce our consumption towards sustainable levels and zero waste, but also demonstrates how this is already being achieved successfully in many communities around the world.", "Trashed (film) __knowledge__ The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 22 May 2012, where it was nominated for the Camera d'Or.", "Landfill diversion __knowledge__ Waste diversion or landfill diversion is the process of diverting waste from landfills.", "Landfill diversion __knowledge__ The success of landfill diversion can be measured by comparison of the size of the landfill from one year to the next.", "Landfill diversion __knowledge__ If the landfill grows minimally or remains the same, then policies covering landfill diversion are successful.", "Landfill diversion __knowledge__ For example, currently in the United States there are 3000 landfills.", "Landfill diversion __knowledge__ A measure of the success of landfill diversion would be if that number remains the same or is reduced.", "Landfill diversion __knowledge__ In 2009, it was recorded that the national average of landfill diversion in the United States was 33.8%, while San Francisco had implemented the most effective policies and had recorded a landfill diversion rate of 77%.", "Waste management __knowledge__ Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.", "Waste management __knowledge__ This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation.", "Waste management __knowledge__ It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.", "Waste management __knowledge__ Waste can take any form that is either solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management.", "Waste management __knowledge__ Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health.", "Zero waste agriculture __knowledge__ Zero waste agriculture is a type of sustainable agriculture which optimizes use of the five natural kingdoms, i.e.", "Zero waste agriculture __knowledge__ plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce biodiverse-food, energy and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes the feedstock for another process.", "Zero waste agriculture __knowledge__ The integration of shallow microaglal oxidisation ponds was demonstrated by Golueke & Oswald in the 1960s.", "Zero waste agriculture __knowledge__ The widespread global implementation of these systems can be largely credited to Prof George Lai Chan (02 March 1924 Mauritius-08 October 2016 Mauritius) from ZERI." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 40, 47 ]

[ "Have you been concerned about recycling? It is when you covert waste into new things", "I agree! It is a key component of modern waste reduction! Otherwise the planet will suffer", "Yes, there is actually a Zero Waste program in Oakland, CA. They want to have zero waste by 2020.", "Basically they have created a process that sends all end of life items toward future applications rather than to a landfill. Pretty neat!" ]

[ "Recycling", "Recycling", "Recycling", "Recycling" ]

[ "Chicken", "My daughter has a friend who has a chicken as a pet.", "It is pretty cool. They call her Ducky." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicken __knowledge__ The chicken (\"Gallus gallus domesticus\") is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.", "Chicken __knowledge__ It is one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of more than 19 billion as of 2011.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Humans commonly keep chickens as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia, but with the clade found in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa originating in the Indian subcontinent.", "Chicken __knowledge__ From India, the domesticated chicken was imported to Lydia in western Asia Minor, and to Greece by the fifth century BC.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Fowl had been known in Egypt since the mid-15th century BC, with the \"bird that gives birth every day\" having come to Egypt from the land between Syria and Shinar, Babylonia, according to the annals of Thutmose III.", "Chicken __knowledge__ In the UK and Ireland, adult male chickens over the age of one year are primarily known as cocks, whereas in the United States, Australia and Canada, they are more commonly called roosters.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Males less than a year old are \"cockerels\".", "Chicken __knowledge__ Castrated roosters are called \"capons\" (surgical and chemical castration are now illegal in some parts of the world)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicken __knowledge__ The chicken (\"Gallus gallus domesticus\") is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.", "Chicken __knowledge__ It is one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of more than 19 billion as of 2011.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Humans commonly keep chickens as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia, but with the clade found in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa originating in the Indian subcontinent.", "Chicken __knowledge__ From India, the domesticated chicken was imported to Lydia in western Asia Minor, and to Greece by the fifth century BC.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Fowl had been known in Egypt since the mid-15th century BC, with the \"bird that gives birth every day\" having come to Egypt from the land between Syria and Shinar, Babylonia, according to the annals of Thutmose III.", "Chicken __knowledge__ In the UK and Ireland, adult male chickens over the age of one year are primarily known as cocks, whereas in the United States, Australia and Canada, they are more commonly called roosters.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Males less than a year old are \"cockerels\".", "Chicken __knowledge__ Castrated roosters are called \"capons\" (surgical and chemical castration are now illegal in some parts of the world).", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Pet Shop Boys are an English synthpop duo, formed in London in 1981 and consisting of Neil Tennant (lead vocals, keyboards, occasional guitar) and Chris Lowe (keyboards, vocals).", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Pet Shop Boys have sold more than 50 million records worldwide, and are listed as the most successful duo in UK music history by \"The Guinness Book of Records\".", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Three-time Brit Award winners and six-time Grammy nominees, since 1985 they have achieved 42 Top 30 singles, 22 of them Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart, including four UK number ones: \"West End Girls\" (also number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100), \"It's a Sin\", an acclaimed cover of \"Always on My Mind\" and \"Heart\".", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Chicken meal __knowledge__ Chicken meal is the dry rendered product from a combination of clean chicken flesh and skin with or without accompanying bone, derived from whole carcasses of chicken, exclusive of feathers, heads, feet and entrails.", "Chicken meal __knowledge__ \"Meal\" here is used in the sense of \"an ingredient which has been ground or otherwise reduced in particle size.\"", "Chicken meal __knowledge__ It is mainly used in pet foods.", "Chicken meal __knowledge__ Chicken meal is ground up chicken meat that has been carefully dried to a moisture level of \"10%\".", "Chicken meal __knowledge__ The protein content is \"65%\" and the fat level is \"12%\".", "Chicken meal __knowledge__ Regular chicken contains about 70% water with 18% protein and 5% fat.", "Chicken meal __knowledge__ To create chicken meal, ingredients are placed into large vats and cooked.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "List of United States of Tara characters __knowledge__ United States of Tara centers on the characters comprising the Gregson family.", "List of United States of Tara characters __knowledge__ The series follows the family as it deals with Tara Gregson and her struggles with dissociative identity disorder.", "List of United States of Tara characters __knowledge__ Her family, including husband Max, children Kate and Marshall and sister Charmaine, serve as her support system.", "List of United States of Tara characters __knowledge__ Secondary characters include love interests, neighbors, friends and Tara's therapists.", "List of United States of Tara characters __knowledge__ Tara's \"alters\", or alternate personalities, stand as characters in their own rights and continually interact with the other characters and sometimes with each other and Tara.", "List of United States of Tara characters __knowledge__ Tara Gregson (Toni Collette), née Craine, is the central character of the series.", "Poultry __knowledge__ Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers.", "Poultry __knowledge__ These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys).", "Poultry __knowledge__ Poultry also includes other birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.", "Poultry __knowledge__ The word \"poultry\" comes from the French/Norman word \"poule\", itself derived from the Latin word \"pullus\", which means small animal.", "Poultry __knowledge__ The domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ This is a list of creatures in the fictional \"Star Wars\" universe.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ To be listed here, creatures must be noted in multiple canonical sources.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ An Acklay is a large non-Sentient creature resembling an Earth's praying mantis.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is a Crustacean.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is equipped with three eyes and six legs with four digits each, the fourth of which terminates in an elongated scythe-like claw and a crest to protect it from air attack.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ As a carnivore, it possesses a mouth full of long, sharp teeth that it uses for catching fish.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It originated on Vendaxa, but has since adapted to other environments such as Felucia and Geonosis.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ Poultry farming is the process of raising domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ Poultry are farmed in great numbers with chickens being the most numerous.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ More than 50 billion chickens are raised annually as a source of food, for both their meat and their eggs.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ Chickens raised for eggs are usually called layers while chickens raised for meat are often called broilers.", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ In the US, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).", "Poultry farming __knowledge__ In the UK, the national organisation is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the raising of livestock.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ Husbandry has a long history, starting with the Neolithic revolution when animals were first domesticated, from around 13,000 BC onwards, antedating farming of the first crops.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ By the time of early civilisations such as ancient Egypt, cattle, sheep, goats and pigs were being raised on farms.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ Major changes took place in the Columbian Exchange when Old World livestock were brought to the New World, and then in the British Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century, when livestock breeds like the Dishley Longhorn cattle and Lincoln Longwool sheep were rapidly improved by agriculturalists such as Robert Bakewell to yield more meat, milk, and wool.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicken __knowledge__ The chicken (\"Gallus gallus domesticus\") is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.", "Chicken __knowledge__ It is one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of more than 19 billion as of 2011.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Humans commonly keep chickens as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia, but with the clade found in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa originating in the Indian subcontinent.", "Chicken __knowledge__ From India, the domesticated chicken was imported to Lydia in western Asia Minor, and to Greece by the fifth century BC.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Fowl had been known in Egypt since the mid-15th century BC, with the \"bird that gives birth every day\" having come to Egypt from the land between Syria and Shinar, Babylonia, according to the annals of Thutmose III.", "Chicken __knowledge__ In the UK and Ireland, adult male chickens over the age of one year are primarily known as cocks, whereas in the United States, Australia and Canada, they are more commonly called roosters.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Males less than a year old are \"cockerels\".", "Chicken __knowledge__ Castrated roosters are called \"capons\" (surgical and chemical castration are now illegal in some parts of the world).", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ \"NCIS\" is an American police procedural television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which investigates crimes involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps.", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ The series was created by Donald P. Bellisario and Don McGill as a backdoor pilot with the season eight episodes \"Ice Queen\" and \"Meltdown\" of \"JAG\".", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ The series premiered on September 23, 2003 featuring an ensemble cast which has included Mark Harmon, Sasha Alexander, Michael Weatherly, Pauley Perrette, David McCallum, Sean Murray, Cote de Pablo, Lauren Holly, Rocky Carroll, Brian Dietzen, Emily Wickersham, Wilmer Valderrama, Jennifer Esposito, Duane Henry, and Maria Bello.", "Ziva David __knowledge__ Ziva David (; Hebrew: זיוה דוד, , Ziva: \"Radiance\"; birth date November 12, 1982, Beersheba in the Negev desert of southern Israel) is a fictional character from the CBS television series \"NCIS\", portrayed by Chilean-born American actress Cote de Pablo.", "Ziva David __knowledge__ Ziva first appeared in the season 3 premiere episode, \"Kill Ari (Part 1)\", and became a regular cast member from the episode \"Silver War\".", "Ziva David __knowledge__ She replaced Caitlin \"Kate\" Todd (Sasha Alexander), who was killed at the hands of Ziva's half-brother, Ari Haswari (Rudolf Martin), in the season 2 finale.", "Ziva David __knowledge__ Following the onscreen death of the character's father in season 10, Gabi Coccio recurrently portrayed a young Ziva in flashbacks.", "List of California Diaries characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"California Diaries\" novel series by Ann M. Martin.", "List of California Diaries characters __knowledge__ Dawn Schafer Dawn returned to California to live with her father, Jack, her stepmother, Carol, and her younger brother Jeff during her eighth grade year.", "List of California Diaries characters __knowledge__ Upon moving to Palo City permanently, Dawn found herself facing several problems.", "List of California Diaries characters __knowledge__ Her friendships were changing, and she felt increasingly distant from Carol.", "List of California Diaries characters __knowledge__ She found Carol slightly immature, something which irritated her.", "List of California Diaries characters __knowledge__ When Dawn realized that Carol was pregnant, she felt even further distanced from her family.", "List of California Diaries characters __knowledge__ During Carol's pregnancy, Dawn felt as if she and Jeff were her father's \"old family\", and Carol and the baby were his \"new family\", and therefore more important.", "Rubber ducky antenna __knowledge__ The rubber ducky antenna (or rubber duck aerial) is an electrically short monopole antenna that functions somewhat like a base-loaded whip antenna.", "Rubber ducky antenna __knowledge__ It consists of a springy wire in the shape of a narrow helix, sealed in a rubber or plastic jacket to protect the antenna.", "Rubber ducky antenna __knowledge__ Rubber ducky antenna is a form of normal-mode helical antenna.", "Rubber ducky antenna __knowledge__ Electrically short antennas like the rubber ducky are used in portable handheld radio equipment at VHF and UHF frequencies in place of a quarter wavelength whip antenna, which is inconveniently long and cumbersome at these frequencies.", "Rubber ducky antenna __knowledge__ Many years after its invention in 1958, the rubber ducky antenna became the antenna of choice for many portable radio devices, including walkie-talkies and other portable transceivers, scanners and other devices where safety and robustness take precedence over antenna capabilities.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Dear... is The Grace's second Japanese album released on January 9, 2009.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ The title track \"\"Sukoshi de Ikara\" (少しでいいから) (A Little Bit of Good)\" was used as the movie \"Subaru\" soundtrack song.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Tenjochiki's second studio album includes 2 singles released from July 2008 in Japan including the B-side of their 7th single \"Here\": \"Near: Thoughtful 1220\" and the album consists of a total of 9 tracks.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ The album peaked #14 on Oricon daily album charts and #37 on the Oricon weekly album charts, charted for 3 weeks and sold 4,734 copies, making their most successful Japanese album so far.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Known as “The Grace” in Korea and “Tenjo Chiki” in Japan, the pop group consists of So.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ This is a list of recurring characters in \"The Land Before Time\", a series of animated children's films.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ The main characters include Littlefoot (\"Apatosaurus\"), Cera (\"Triceratops\"), Ducky (\"Saurolophus\"), Petrie (\"Pteranodon\"), Spike (\"Stegosaurus\"), and in the spin-off television series and , Chomper (\"Tyrannosaurus\") and Ruby (\"Oviraptor\").", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ Other characters include the families of the main characters, the residents of their home, the Great Valley, and outsiders to the Great Valley.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ The idea for \"The Land Before Time\" came during production of \"An American Tail\".", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ Steven Spielberg's studio Amblin Entertainment was interested in doing a film about dinosaurs, which were popular at the time, leading Spielberg, director Don Bluth, and producer George Lucas to develop the prehistoric setting and its cast.", "Abby Sciuto __knowledge__ Abigail \"Abby\" Sciuto was a fictional character from the \"NCIS\" television series on CBS Television, and is portrayed by Pauley Perrette.", "Abby Sciuto __knowledge__ In a season 10 episode entitled \"Hit and Run\", a young Abby was played by Brighton Sharbino in flashbacks.", "Abby Sciuto __knowledge__ Like Jethro Gibbs, Anthony DiNozzo, and Dr. Donald Mallard, Abby was introduced in the episodes \"Ice Queen\" and \"Meltdown\" of the television show \"JAG\" (which together served as the backdoor pilot for \"NCIS\"), and has appeared in every episode of \"NCIS,\" in addition to being featured on the show's spin-offs, \"\" (two episodes) and \"\" (two episodes).", "Abby Sciuto __knowledge__ The role has made Perrette one of the most popular actresses on U.S. primetime television in 2011, according to Q Score.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Horse Behaviour has been studied by horse users for centuries, as the horse was one of the first animals mankind domesticated and understanding its behaviour has always been important in horse welfare and in training to get the best use out of a horse.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ In the wild, horses are prey animals that live in herds, which affects their reactions to other horses and to the world around them.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Their behaviour in wild, feral conditions has been studied extensively as has their reactions to living and working in domestic situations.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Interactions with other horses, such as dominance and communication methods has been studied extensively and numerous books and videos exist on different aspects of horse behaviour.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Bipedalism __knowledge__ Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs.", "Bipedalism __knowledge__ An animal or machine that usually moves in a bipedal manner is known as a biped , meaning \"two feet\" (from the Latin \"bis\" for \"double\" and \"pes\" for \"foot\").", "Bipedalism __knowledge__ Types of bipedal movement include walking, running, or hopping.", "Bipedalism __knowledge__ Few modern species are habitual bipeds whose normal method of locomotion is two-legged.", "Bipedalism __knowledge__ Within mammals, habitual bipedalism has evolved multiple times, with the macropods, kangaroo rats and mice, springhare, hopping mice, pangolins and homininan apes, as well as various other extinct groups evolving the trait independently.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ The REM phase is also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states, including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 8 ]

[ "Chickens are very smart creatures! They can be domesticated.", "That's so cool! Humans usually just keep them as a source of food but that's awesome.", "That's cute! I heard males that are less than a year old are called \"cockerels\", is it male?" ]

[ "Chicken", "Chicken", "Chicken" ]

[ "Victorian era\nThe Victorian Era was an interesting time in history do you think?", "Do you know who it was named after?", "Yes she ruled England for a very long time", "That is interesting because England has been involved in a lot of wars " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the \"Belle Époque\" era of continental Europe.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Defined according to sensibilities and political concerns, the period is sometimes considered to begin with the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The period is characterised as one of relative peace among the great powers (as established by the Congress of Vienna), increased economic activity, \"refined sensibilities\" and national self-confidence for Great Britain.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period and an increasing turn towards romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In international relations, the supremacy of the Royal Navy helped maintain a period of relative peace among the great powers (\"Pax Britannica\") as well as economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation and expansion, a notable exception being the Crimean War (1853–56).", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history.", "Women in the Victorian era __knowledge__ The status of women in the Victorian era was often seen as an illustration of the striking discrepancy between the United Kingdom's national power and wealth and what many, then and now, consider its appalling social conditions.", "Women in the Victorian era __knowledge__ During the era symbolized by the reign of British monarch Queen Victoria, women did not have the right to vote, sue, or own property.", "Women in the Victorian era __knowledge__ At the same time, women participated in the paid workforce in increasing numbers following the Industrial Revolution.", "Women in the Victorian era __knowledge__ Feminist ideas spread among the educated middle classes, discriminatory laws were repealed, and the women's suffrage movement gained momentum in the last years of the Victorian era.", "English literature __knowledge__ This article is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature of England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, Wales, and the whole of Ireland, as well as literature in English from countries of the former British Empire, including the United States.", "English literature __knowledge__ However, until the early 19th century, it only deals with the literature of the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "English literature __knowledge__ It does not include literature written in the other languages of Britain.", "English literature __knowledge__ The English language has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years.", "English literature __knowledge__ The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century, are called Old English.", "Steampunk __knowledge__ Steampunk is a subgenre of science fiction or science fantasy that incorporates technology and aesthetic designs inspired by 19th-century industrial steam-powered machinery.", "Steampunk __knowledge__ Although its literary origins are sometimes associated with the cyberpunk genre, steampunk works are often set in an alternative history of the 19th century's British Victorian era or American \"Wild West\", in a future during which steam power has maintained mainstream usage, or in a fantasy world that similarly employs steam power.", "Steampunk __knowledge__ However, steampunk and Neo-Victorian are different in that the Neo-Victorian movement does not extrapolate on technology and embraces the positive aspects of the Victorian era's culture and philosophy.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Victorian fashion __knowledge__ Victorian fashion comprises the various fashions and trends in British culture that emerged and developed in the United Kingdom and the British Empire throughout the Victorian era, roughly 1830s to 1900s (decade).", "Victorian fashion __knowledge__ The period saw many changes in fashion, including changes in styles, fashion technology and the methods of distribution.", "Victorian fashion __knowledge__ Various movement in architecture, literature, and the decorative and visual arts as well as a changing perception of the traditional gender roles also influenced fashion Under Queen Victoria's rule, England enjoyed a period of economic growth along with technological advancement.", "Tipping the Velvet __knowledge__ Tipping the Velvet is a historical novel published as Sarah Waters' debut novel in 1998.", "Tipping the Velvet __knowledge__ Set in England during the 1890s, it tells a coming of age story about a young woman named Nan who falls in love with a male impersonator, follows her to London, and finds various ways to support herself as she journeys through the city.", "Tipping the Velvet __knowledge__ The picaresque plot elements have prompted scholars and reviewers to compare it to similar British urban adventure stories written by Charles Dickens and Daniel Defoe.", "Tipping the Velvet __knowledge__ The novel has pervasive lesbian themes, concentrating on eroticism and self-discovery.", "Tipping the Velvet __knowledge__ Waters was working on a PhD dissertation in English literature when she decided to write a story she would like to read." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the \"Belle Époque\" era of continental Europe.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Defined according to sensibilities and political concerns, the period is sometimes considered to begin with the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The period is characterised as one of relative peace among the great powers (as established by the Congress of Vienna), increased economic activity, \"refined sensibilities\" and national self-confidence for Great Britain.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period and an increasing turn towards romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In international relations, the supremacy of the Royal Navy helped maintain a period of relative peace among the great powers (\"Pax Britannica\") as well as economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation and expansion, a notable exception being the Crimean War (1853–56).", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history.", "Opinion polls about 9/11 conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Since the September 11 attacks, doubts have been raised about the mainstream account of events.", "Opinion polls about 9/11 conspiracy theories __knowledge__ There have been a number of 9/11 conspiracy theories with some suggesting that Israel was somehow involved in the attacks and that members of the U.S. government may have deliberately covered-up and falsified events, in order to hide negligence or even complicity, or even having been the perpetrator of the attacks.", "Opinion polls about 9/11 conspiracy theories __knowledge__ A number of 9/11 opinion polls have been carried out to assess the prevalence of various opinions and views about questions related to the attacks, both in the United States and in other countries.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ There is evidence suggesting that different processes are involved in remembering something versus knowing whether it is familiar.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ It appears that \"remembering\" and \"knowing\" represent relatively different characteristics of memory as well as reflect different ways of using memory.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ To remember is the conscious \"recollection\" of many vivid contextual details, such as \"when\" and \"how\" the information was learned.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Remembering utilizes episodic memory and requires a deeper level of processing (e.g.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ undivided attention) than knowing.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Errors in recollection may be due to source-monitoring errors that prevent an individual from remembering where exactly a piece of information was received.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" is a song from the 1970 rock opera \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ The song has been much recorded, with \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the Top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in \"Billboard\" magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the \"Know Nothing\" movement, was an American nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ It was primarily anti-Catholic and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The movement briefly emerged as a major political party in the form of the American Party.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ Adherents to the movement were to reply \"I know nothing\" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its common appellation.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The \"Know Nothings\" believed a \"Romanist\" conspiracy was afoot to subvert civil and religious liberty in America and sought to politically organize native-born Protestants in the defense of traditional religious and political values.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Twain–Ament indemnities controversy __knowledge__ The Twain–Ament indemnities controversy was a major \"cause célèbre\" in the United States of America in 1901 as a consequence of the published reactions of American humorist Mark Twain to reports of Rev.", "Twain–Ament indemnities controversy __knowledge__ William Scott Ament and other missionaries collecting indemnities from Chinese people in the aftermath of the Boxer Uprising.", "Twain–Ament indemnities controversy __knowledge__ In 1900, attacks took place across China in connection with the Boxer Rebellion which targeted Christians and foreigners.", "Twain–Ament indemnities controversy __knowledge__ Many missionaries with their children, as well as native Christians were killed and much property was destroyed.", "Twain–Ament indemnities controversy __knowledge__ While most missionaries, including those of the largest affected mission agency, the China Inland Mission led by Hudson Taylor, refused to even accept payment for loss of property or life \"in order to demonstrate the meekness of Christ to the Chinese\" when the allied nations were demanding compensation from the Chinese government, not all missionaries acted with similar restraint.", "Absolutely Fabulous __knowledge__ Absolutely Fabulous, also known as Ab Fab, is a BBC television sitcom created by, written by and starring Jennifer Saunders.", "Absolutely Fabulous __knowledge__ It is based on a 1990 \"French & Saunders\" sketch created by Saunders and Dawn French.", "Absolutely Fabulous __knowledge__ The series features Saunders as Edina Monsoon, a heavy-drinking, drug-abusing PR agent who spends her time chasing bizarre fads in a desperate attempt to stay young and \"hip\".", "Absolutely Fabulous __knowledge__ Edina is joined in her quest by magazine fashion director Patsy Stone (played by Joanna Lumley), her best friend and enabler, whose drug abuse, alcohol consumption, and promiscuity far eclipse Edina's comparatively mild self-destructive behaviour.", "History of the Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ The Long Island Rail Road is a railroad owned by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in the U.S. state of New York.", "History of the Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ It is the oldest United States railroad still operating under its original name and charter.", "History of the Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ It consolidated several other companies in the late 19th century.", "History of the Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ The Pennsylvania Railroad owned the Long Island Rail Road for the majority of the 20th century and sold it to the State in 1966.", "History of the Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ The LIRR's history stretches back to the Brooklyn and Jamaica Rail Road, incorporated on April 25, 1832 to build a ten-mile line from the East River in Brooklyn through the communities of Brooklyn, Bedford, and East New York to Jamaica.", "Absolute convergence __knowledge__ In mathematics, an infinite series of numbers is said to converge absolutely (or to be absolutely convergent) if the sum of the absolute values of the summands is finite.", "Absolute convergence __knowledge__ More precisely, a real or complex series formula_1 is said to converge absolutely if formula_2 for some real number formula_3.", "Absolute convergence __knowledge__ Similarly, an improper integral of a function, formula_4, is said to converge absolutely if the integral of the absolute value of the integrand is finite—that is, if formula_5 Absolute convergence is important for the study of infinite series because its definition is strong enough to have properties of finite sums that not all convergent series possess, yet is broad enough to occur commonly.", "Absolute continuity __knowledge__ In calculus, absolute continuity is a smoothness property of functions that is stronger than continuity and uniform continuity.", "Absolute continuity __knowledge__ The notion of absolute continuity allows one to obtain generalizations of the relationship between the two central operations of calculus—differentiation and integration—expressed by the fundamental theorem of calculus in the framework of Riemann integration.", "Absolute continuity __knowledge__ Such generalizations are often formulated in terms of Lebesgue integration.", "Absolute continuity __knowledge__ For real-valued functions on the real line two interrelated notions appear: \"absolute continuity of functions\" and \"absolute continuity of measures.\"", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian is a 2007 novel for young adults written by Sherman Alexie and illustrated by Ellen Forney.", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ The book won several awards, and was the first young adult fiction work by Alexie, a stand-up comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and songwriter who has previously written adult novels, short stories, poems, and screenplays.", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ Alexie stated, \"I [wrote the book] because so many librarians, teachers, and teenagers kept asking me to write one.\"", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ \"The Absolutely True Diary\" is a first-person narrative from the perspective of Native American teenager Arnold Spirit Jr., also known as \"Junior\", a 14-year-old budding cartoonist." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the \"Belle Époque\" era of continental Europe.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Defined according to sensibilities and political concerns, the period is sometimes considered to begin with the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The period is characterised as one of relative peace among the great powers (as established by the Congress of Vienna), increased economic activity, \"refined sensibilities\" and national self-confidence for Great Britain.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period and an increasing turn towards romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In international relations, the supremacy of the Royal Navy helped maintain a period of relative peace among the great powers (\"Pax Britannica\") as well as economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation and expansion, a notable exception being the Crimean War (1853–56).", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history.", "List of last scions __knowledge__ This is a list of last scions or individuals who were the last member of a ruling house, or other prominent family, where heredity is the prime form of inheritance.", "List of last scions __knowledge__ This may be the last person to rule a realm, sometimes leading to a political crisis, or a change in government; other times power has already passed from the patrilineal family, leaving it in a less important position when it reaches its extinction.", "List of last scions __knowledge__ The House of Aviz, an illegitimate branch of its predecessor the House of Burgundy, ruled Portugal from 1385 to 1580; its last member was \"Henrique, Cardinal-King of Portugal\" (1512–1580), who succeeded his grand-nephew King Sebastian late in life.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Eleanor of Aquitaine __knowledge__ Eleanor of Aquitaine (, ; 1122  – 1 April 1204) was Queen consort of France (1137–1152) and England (1154–1189) and Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right.", "Eleanor of Aquitaine __knowledge__ As a member of the Ramnulfids (House of Poitiers) rulers in southwestern France, she was one of the most powerful and wealthiest women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages.", "Eleanor of Aquitaine __knowledge__ She was patron of literary figures such as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, and Bernart de Ventadorn.", "Eleanor of Aquitaine __knowledge__ She led armies several times in her life and was a leader of the Second Crusade.", "Eleanor of Aquitaine __knowledge__ As Duchess of Aquitaine, Eleanor was the most eligible bride in Europe.", "Eleanor of Aquitaine __knowledge__ Three months after becoming duchess upon the death of her father, William X, she married King Louis VII of France, son of her guardian, King Louis VI.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; later Princess Henry of Battenberg; 14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944) was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ King Felipe VI of Spain is her great-great-grandson.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Beatrice was the last of Queen Victoria's children to die, 66 years after the first, her sister Alice.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Beatrice's childhood coincided with Queen Victoria's grief following the death of her husband Albert, Prince Consort on 14 December 1861.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ As her elder sisters married and left their mother, Queen Victoria came to rely on the company of her youngest daughter, whom she called \"Baby\" for most of her childhood.", "Grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha __knowledge__ This is a list of the 42 grandchildren of the British Queen Victoria (1819–1901, queen from 1837, married 1840) and her husband Prince Albert (the Prince Consort, 1819–1861), each of whom was therefore either a sibling or a first cousin to each of the others.", "Grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha __knowledge__ It also lists Victoria and Albert's 9 children and 87 great-grandchildren, as well as the spouses of those children and grandchildren who married.", "Grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha __knowledge__ Victoria and Albert had 20 grandsons and 22 granddaughters, of whom two (the youngest sons of Prince Alfred and Princess Helena) were stillborn, and two more (Prince Alexander John of Wales and Prince Harald of Schleswig-Holstein) died shortly after birth.", "Victoria, Princess Royal __knowledge__ Victoria, Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa; 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was German Empress and Queen of Prussia by marriage to German Emperor Frederick III.", "Victoria, Princess Royal __knowledge__ She was the eldest child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and was created Princess Royal in 1841.", "Victoria, Princess Royal __knowledge__ She was the mother of Wilhelm II, German Emperor.", "Victoria, Princess Royal __knowledge__ Educated by her father in a highly politically liberal attitude, she was betrothed at the age of sixteen to Prince Frederick of Prussia and supported him in his views that Prussia and the later German Empire would become a constitutional monarchy on the British model.", "History of monarchy in Canada __knowledge__ The history of monarchy in Canada stretches from pre-colonial times through to the present day.", "History of monarchy in Canada __knowledge__ Canada's monarchical status began with the establishment of the French colony of New France in the name of King Francis I in 1534; although a previous claim was made by England in the name of King Henry VII in 1497 when John Cabot made landfall in what is thought to be modern day Newfoundland or Nova Scotia.", "History of monarchy in Canada __knowledge__ Through both these lineages, the present Canadian monarchy can trace itself back to the Anglo-Saxon period and ultimately to the kings of the Angles and the early Scottish kings.", "History of monarchy in Canada __knowledge__ Kings and queens reigning over Canada have included the monarchs of France (to King Louis XV in 1763), those of the United Kingdom (to King George V in 1931), and those of Canada (to Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada today).", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ She inherited the throne at the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children.", "Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria __knowledge__ Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India has been portrayed or referenced many times.", "Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria __knowledge__ In 1937 Lord Chamberlain the Earl of Cromer ruled that no British sovereign may be portrayed on the British stage until 100 years after his or her accession.", "Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria __knowledge__ For this reason, Laurence Housman's play \"Victoria Regina\" (1935), which had earlier appeared at the Gate Theatre Studio in London with Pamela Stanley in the title role, could not have its British premiere until the centenary of Queen Victoria's accession, 20 June 1937.", "Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria __knowledge__ This was a Sunday, so the new premiere took place the next day, at the Lyric Theatre.", "Statue of Queen Victoria, Bangalore __knowledge__ The Statue of Queen Victoria, Bangalore, is located at Queen's Park, next to Cubbon Park, Bangalore Cantonment, at the junction of 3 roads, at the border between the Cantonment and the Bangalore Pete.", "Statue of Queen Victoria, Bangalore __knowledge__ The statue was unveiled on 5 February 1906 by the then Prince of Wales, George Frederick Ernest Albert (who later became King George V).", "Statue of Queen Victoria, Bangalore __knowledge__ The statue was raised out of funds raised by the residents of the Bangalore Civil and Military Station and contributions made by Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, the Maharaja of Mysore.", "Statue of Queen Victoria, Bangalore __knowledge__ This Statue of Queen Victoria is one of the five of the original 50 statues of Queen Victoria which were installed in British India, to still stand at its original location." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the \"Belle Époque\" era of continental Europe.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Defined according to sensibilities and political concerns, the period is sometimes considered to begin with the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The period is characterised as one of relative peace among the great powers (as established by the Congress of Vienna), increased economic activity, \"refined sensibilities\" and national self-confidence for Great Britain.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period and an increasing turn towards romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In international relations, the supremacy of the Royal Navy helped maintain a period of relative peace among the great powers (\"Pax Britannica\") as well as economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation and expansion, a notable exception being the Crimean War (1853–56).", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ It is the first film in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy and the beginning of the \"Star Wars\" franchise.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film's plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ This conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker (Hamill), who inadvertently acquires two droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star.", "History of Cumbria __knowledge__ The history of Cumbria as a county of England begins with the Local Government Act 1972.", "History of Cumbria __knowledge__ Its territory and constituent parts however have a long history under various other administrative and historic units of governance.", "History of Cumbria __knowledge__ Cumbria is an upland, coastal and rural area, with a history of invasions, migration and settlement, as well as battles and skirmishes between the English and the Scots.", "History of Cumbria __knowledge__ Cumbria was created as a county in 1974 from territory of the historic counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire North of the Sands and a small part of Yorkshire, but the human history of the area is ancient.", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ Halo Wars is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ It was released in Japan and Australia on February 26, 2009; in Europe on February 27; and in North America on March 3.", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ The game is set in the science fiction universe of the \"Halo\" series in the year 2531, 21 years before the events of \"\".", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ The player leads human soldiers aboard the warship \"Spirit of Fire\" in an effort to stop an ancient fleet of ships from falling into the hands of the genocidal alien Covenant.", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ \"Halo Wars\" was unveiled at the X06 Xbox show in 2006.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the 1994 television series \"Spider-Man.\"", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Peter Benjamin Parker (Christopher Daniel Barnes) is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ A one-time high school \"science geek\", Peter was the subject of much ridicule, especially at the hands of Flash Thompson.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ After his parents died in a plane crash, Peter lived with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May, who doted and worried endlessly about the reclusive boy suddenly placed in their midst.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ During a class field trip to see a demonstration of Neogenic radiation, carried on by Professor Farley Stillwell, a spider crawled into Stillwell's machine and became irradiated, biting Peter in the hand and granting him the proportionate abilities of a spider, including superhuman strength, durability, stamina, speed, agility, senses and a \"Spider-Sense\" that warned him of imminent danger.", "South African Wars (1879–1915) __knowledge__ Ethnic, political and social tensions among European colonial powers, indigenous Africans, and English and Dutch settlers led to open conflict in a series of wars and revolts between 1879 and 1915 that would have lasting repercussions on the entire region of southern Africa.", "South African Wars (1879–1915) __knowledge__ Pursuit of commercial empire as well as individual aspirations, especially after the discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886), were key factors driving these developments.", "South African Wars (1879–1915) __knowledge__ The various wars of this era are usually studied separately, as independent conflicts.", "South African Wars (1879–1915) __knowledge__ They include the first and second Anglo-Boer War, the Anglo-Zulu War, the Basotho Gun War, the 9th Frontier War and others.", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ Halo Wars 2 is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game developed by 343 Industries and Creative Assembly.", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ The game was published by Microsoft Studios and released in February 2017 on Windows-based personal computers (PCs) and the Xbox One video game console.", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ The game is set in the science fiction universe of the \"Halo\" series in the year 2559, and is a sequel to the 2009 video game \"Halo Wars\".", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ The game sees the return of the human crew aboard the UNSC warship \"Spirit of Fire\" and introduces a new alien faction known as the Banished.", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ A war between the two factions ensues on the Ark, a Forerunner installation.", "Great power __knowledge__ A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.", "Great power __knowledge__ Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.", "Great power __knowledge__ International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions.", "Great power __knowledge__ While some nations are widely considered to be great powers, there is no definitive list of them.", "International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) __knowledge__ This article covers worldwide diplomacy and, more generally, the international relations of the major powers, from 1814 to 1919, with links to more detailed articles.", "International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) __knowledge__ The international relations of minor countries are covered in their own history articles.", "International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) __knowledge__ This era covers the period from the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna (1814–15), to the end of the First World War and the Paris Peace Conference.", "International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) __knowledge__ For the previous era see International relations, 1648–1814.", "International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) __knowledge__ For the 1920s and 1930s see International relations (1919–1939).", "International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) __knowledge__ Important themes include the rapid industrialization and growing power of Britain, Europe and, later in the period, the United States and Japan.", "Eleftherios Venizelos __knowledge__ Eleftherios Kyriakou Venizelos (full name \"Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos\", ; ; 23 August 1864 – 18 March 1936) was an eminent Greek leader of the Greek national liberation movement and a charismatic statesman of the early 20th century remembered for his promotion of liberal-democratic policies.", "Eleftherios Venizelos __knowledge__ As leader of the Liberal Party, he was elected several times as Prime Minister of Greece, serving from 1910 to 1920 and from 1928 to 1933.", "Eleftherios Venizelos __knowledge__ Venizelos had such profound influence on the internal and external affairs of Greece that he is credited with being \"the maker of modern Greece\", and is still widely known as the \"Ethnarch\".", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The history of Europe covers the peoples inhabiting Europe from prehistory to the present.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of ancient Greece.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Later, the Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 traditionally marks the start of the Middle Ages.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Beginning in the 14th century a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Simultaneously, the Protestant Reformation set up Protestant churches primarily in Germany, Scandinavia and England.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ After 1800, the Industrial Revolution brought prosperity to Britain and Western Europe.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ The history of the Netherlands is the history of seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ Records begin with the four centuries during which the region formed a militarized border zone of the Roman empire.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ This came under increasing pressure from Germanic peoples moving westwards.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ As Roman power collapsed and the Middle Ages began, three dominant Germanic peoples coalesced in the area, Frisians in the north and coastal areas, Low Saxons in the northeast, and the Franks in the south.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ During the Middle Ages, the descendants of the Carolingian dynasty came to dominate the area and then extended their rule to a large part of Western Europe.", "TexSys __knowledge__ TexSys is a web-based application serving as a Texas Expert System for the selection of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA).", "TexSys __knowledge__ TexSys is the product of a Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) study, TxDOT Project 0-4824: Guidelines for Selecting Asphalt Mixtures.", "TexSys __knowledge__ It considers a number of factors (traffic volume and speed, desired performance characteristics, etc.)", "TexSys __knowledge__ influencing the selection of HMA and recommends an asphalt mixture based on these.", "TexSys __knowledge__ As such it is a tool for inexperienced or young engineers to assist them in selecting the right asphalt mixture for the job.", "TexSys __knowledge__ Project Survey TexSys covers the 4 major HMA types listed in the Department’s 2004 Standard Specification book." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 4, 6 ]

[ "It absolutely was, it ran from 1837 until 1901.", "It was named after Queen Victoria, as it marked her reign until her death.", "Yes she did, also this period was marked with a relatively high amount of peace among the great powers.", "That's true, but the strength of the Royal Navy is what helped to maintain this era of peace." ]

[ "Victorian era", "Victorian era", "Victorian era", "Victorian era" ]

[ "Dog", "Dogs are great companions!", "O wow so they can help people walk? interesting!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Sealyham Terrier __knowledge__ The Sealyham Terrier is a rare Welsh breed of small to medium-sized terrier that originated in Wales as a working dog.", "Sealyham Terrier __knowledge__ It is principally a white-bodied, rough coated breed, developed in the mid to late 19th century by Captain John Edwardes at Sealyham House, Pembrokeshire.", "Sealyham Terrier __knowledge__ Following the First World War, it surged in popularity and was associated with Hollywood stars and members of the British Royal Family.", "Sealyham Terrier __knowledge__ Its numbers have dropped significantly since then, with the breed listed as a Vulnerable Native Breed by the Kennel Club; an all-time low was recorded in 2008 when only 43 puppies were registered in the United Kingdom.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ The Miniature Fox Terrier is a small, fine, lightweight working terrier developed as a hunting dog and vermin router.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ It is known colloquially in its native Australia as the “Mini Foxie”.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ A balanced, smoothly-muscled dog breed, the Miniature Fox Terrier has a small sized, distinctive head with erectile ears that can stand straight up or fold at the tips.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ Another distinguishing feature is its articulate, oval-shaped foot - a feature found in very few small breeds of dog.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ The breed standard has always allowed for the dog's tail to be docked or undocked, however owners need to be aware of and obey local laws in this regard.", "Toy Fox Terrier __knowledge__ The Toy Fox Terrier is a small terrier breed of dog, directly descended from the larger Fox Terrier but considered a separate breed.", "Toy Fox Terrier __knowledge__ Toy Fox Terriers are small dogs with a muscular and athletic appearance.", "Toy Fox Terrier __knowledge__ Notable characteristic traits include a short glossy and predominantly white coat, coupled with a predominantly solid head, and a short, high-set tail.", "Toy Fox Terrier __knowledge__ The breed has been deemed elegant and graceful with V-shaped ears and large eyes.", "Toy Fox Terrier __knowledge__ The tail can be short and straight or long and shiny, and breeders often shorten the tail a few days after birth by clipping it about three-fifth of the way from the tip (at the third or fourth joint).", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ Kumayl bin Ziyad an-Nakha'i () was among the most loyal companions of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ Moreover, Kumayl occupies a prominent position in Sunni Islam.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ Converting to Islam during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad, he rose to a position of prominence during the caliphates of Uthman and Ali.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ In the caliphate of Ali, Kumayl flourished and served him in the most disciplined of ways.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ However, he is recognized for his pious and humble nature as well as preserving Imam Ali's teachings.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ Kumayl is best known for the \"du'a\" (supplication) of Prophet Khidr, which is commonly known by the name \"du'a Kumayl.\"", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Malik al-Ashtar __knowledge__ Malik Al-Ashtar () (also known as Malik bin al-Harith al-Nakha'i) was one of the most loyal companions of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, the cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.", "Malik al-Ashtar __knowledge__ Malik al-Ashtar became a Muslim during the time of Muhammad and since then remained an avid and loyal supporter of Muhammad's progeny and Hashemite clan.", "Malik al-Ashtar __knowledge__ He rose to a position of prominence during the caliphate of Ali Ibn Abi Talib and participated in several battles, such as the Battle of Jamal and Siffin.", "Malik al-Ashtar __knowledge__ Malik has been described as a \"brave\" and \"fearless\" warrior by numerous Shia sources and his title \"\"al-Ashtar\"\" signifies an eyelid injury he received during the Battle of Yarmouk.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The biological family Canidae The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The caniforms included the fox-like genus \"Leptocyon\" whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines).", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time.", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Golden jackal __knowledge__ The golden jackal (\"Canis aureus\") is a wolf-like canid that is native to Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and regions of Southeast Asia.", "Golden jackal __knowledge__ Compared with the Arabian wolf, which is the smallest of the gray wolves, \"(Canis lupus)\", the jackal is smaller and possesses shorter legs, a shorter tail, a more elongated torso, a less-prominent forehead, and a narrower and more pointed muzzle.", "Golden jackal __knowledge__ The golden jackal's coat can vary in color from a pale creamy yellow in summer to a dark tawny beige in winter.", "Golden jackal __knowledge__ It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List due to its widespread distribution and high density in areas with plenty of available food and optimum shelter.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ \"Let's Get Down\" is a song by American rapper Bow Wow, released on June 24, 2003 as the first single off his third album \"Unleashed\" (2003).", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Shad Moss, Phalon Alexander, Rahman Griffin and a then-unknown T.I..", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ It was produced by Jazze Pha and features rapper Birdman under his former alias \"Baby\".", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ It's the first song to be released by Bow Wow without the \"Lil'\" moniker in his name after making his film debut in 2002's \"Like Mike\" and releasing his cover of \"Basketball\" for the film's soundtrack.", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ Bow Wow said that following the name change, he wanted to do the same with his music by contributing more into the songwriting process of the album and release a single that matched his new image.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The conservative Women for the Wall, sometimes abbreviated as W4W, is a grassroots organization founded in April 2013, concerned with preserving Jewish tradition at the Western Wall, also known as the Kotel.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The catalyst for the founding of Women for the Wall was lack of representation for the stand of traditional Jewish women in the controversy surrounding an alternative prayer group known as Women of the Wall (WoW).", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ In the months leading to the establishment of W4W, Women of the Wall demanded to hold their services in the traditional women's section, rather than the Robinson's Arch area of the Kotel, where alternative prayer services are held.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Landrace __knowledge__ A landrace is a domesticated, locally adapted, traditional variety of a species of animal or plant that has developed over time, through adaptation to its natural and cultural environment of agriculture and pastoralism, and due to isolation from other populations of the species.", "Landrace __knowledge__ Landraces are generally distinguished from cultivars, and from breeds in the standardized sense, although the term landrace breed is sometimes used as distinguished from the term \"standardized breed\" when referring to cattle.", "Landrace __knowledge__ The \"-race\" in this word refers to the taxonomic definition of \"race\" in biology, not the ethnographic sense of the word.", "Silver fox (animal) __knowledge__ The silver fox(also known as a black fox) is a melanistic form of the red fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\").", "Silver fox (animal) __knowledge__ Silver foxes display a great deal of pelt variation: some are completely black except for a white coloration on the tip of the tail, some are bluish-grey, and some may have a cinereous color on the sides.", "Silver fox (animal) __knowledge__ Historically, silver foxes were among the most valued furbearers, and their skins were frequently worn by nobles in Russia, Western Europe, and China.", "Silver fox (animal) __knowledge__ Wild silver foxes do not naturally reproduce exclusively with members of the same coat morph and can be littermates with the common red variety, though captive populations bred for their fur and as pets are almost exclusively mated with members of the same color." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "i love domesticated dogs that are members of the genus \"Canis\" group which forms part of the wolf-like canids and is the most widley abundant terrestrial carnivore", "yes the dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred for behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "the long association with human has led dogs to be uniquely attuened to human behavior and they are ab le to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate foro ther candid species" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Taco", "Tacos are great. I like to add hot sauce to mine.", "I'm a beef guy with shredded cheddar cheese. I like shredded lettuce and tomatoes as well." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Louisiana Hot Sauce __knowledge__ Louisiana Hot Sauce is a brand of hot sauce manufactured in New Iberia, Louisiana by The Original Louisiana Hot Sauce Co., which is owned by Southeastern Mills Inc.", "Louisiana Hot Sauce __knowledge__ The product's labeling includes the word \"original\", and it is sometimes referred to as \"Original Louisiana Hot Sauce\" and \"Original Louisiana Brand Hot Sauce.\"", "Louisiana Hot Sauce __knowledge__ It is a common hot sauce in the U.S. state of Louisiana.", "Louisiana Hot Sauce __knowledge__ Bruce Foods was the previous owner and manufacturer of the brand, and sold it to Southeastern Mills Inc. in April 2015.", "Louisiana Hot Sauce __knowledge__ Louisiana Hot Sauce is prepared using aged long cayenne peppers, which undergo the aging process for a minimum of one year.", "Hot Sauce Committee Part Two __knowledge__ Hot Sauce Committee Part Two is the eighth and final studio album by American hip hop band Beastie Boys, released on April 27, 2011, through Capitol Records.", "Hot Sauce Committee Part Two __knowledge__ The project was originally planned to be released in two parts, with Hot Sauce Committee, Pt.", "Hot Sauce Committee Part Two __knowledge__ 1 originally planned for release in 2009.", "Hot Sauce Committee Part Two __knowledge__ The release was delayed after band member Adam \"MCA\" Yauch was diagnosed with cancer.", "Hot Sauce Committee Part Two __knowledge__ After a two-year delay, only one collection of tracks, \"Part Two\", was released and the plan for a two-part album was eventually abandoned in light of Yauch's death on May 4, 2012.", "Hot Sauce Committee Part Two __knowledge__ The album received critical acclaim upon its release, with critics praising the energetic rapping, experimental production, and disregard for contemporary hip hop trends.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ A flour tortilla (, ; or wheat tortilla to differentiate it from other uses of the word \"tortilla\", which in Spanish means \"small \"torta\"\", or \"small cake\") is a type of soft, thin flatbread made from finely ground wheat flour from Mexico.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ The wheat flour tortilla was originally derived from the corn tortilla, a bread of maize which predates the arrival of Europeans to the Americas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ It is made with an unleavened, water based dough, pressed and cooked like corn tortillas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spanish the word \"tortilla\", without qualification, has different meanings in different regions.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spain it is an omelette; in Mexico and Central America it is a corn tortilla; and in many other places a flour tortilla.", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In North America and Central America, a tortilla is a type of thin, unleavened flatbread, made from finely ground maize (corn).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In Guatemala and Mexico, there are three colors of maize dough for making tortillas: white maize, yellow maize and blue maize (or black maize).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ A similar bread from South America, called \"arepa\" (though \"arepas\" are typically much thicker than tortillas), predates the arrival of Europeans to America, and was called \"tortilla\" by the Spanish from its resemblance to the traditional Spanish round, unleavened cakes and omelettes (originally made without potatoes, which are native to South America).", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Cheddar cheese is a relatively hard, off-white (or orange if spices such as annatto are added), sometimes sharp-tasting (i.e., bitter), natural cheese.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Originating in the English village of Cheddar in Somerset, cheeses of this style are produced beyond this region and in several countries around the world.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Cheddar is the most popular type of cheese in the UK, accounting for 51% of the country's £1.9 billion annual cheese market.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ It is the second-most popular cheese in the US (behind mozzarella), with an average annual consumption of per capita.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ The US produced approximately in 2014, and the UK in 2008.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Haystack (food) __knowledge__ A haystack (of food) is a dish composed of a starchy food (Fritos, tortilla chips, rice, or saltine crackers), topped by a protein (beans, grated cheddar cheese, taco-seasoned meat, and/or a vegetarian meat alternative), in combination with fresh vegetables (shredded lettuce, tomatoes, olives, peppers), and garnished with various condiments (guacamole, sour cream, Ranch or Italian dressing, ketchup and/or salsa).", "Haystack (food) __knowledge__ Haystacks are conceptually like a deconstructed tostada.", "Haystack (food) __knowledge__ The haystacks ingredients are served individually and assembled on the plate by the person who will be eating it.", "Haystack (food) __knowledge__ Haystacks are composed of relatively small amounts of many ingredients, in flexible combinations, so they are well suited to serving large numbers of people at a low cost.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Tacos are my fav food its a corn tortilla folded with meat and cheese in it!", "You can use so many fillings for tacos they are versatile beef, pork seafood, chicken its all good", "I like garnishes like salsa, chili peppers, avocado on my taco" ]

[ "Taco", "Taco", "Taco" ]

[ "Historical fiction", "Yes- Two of my favorite books are historical fiction! Memoirs of a Geisha and A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. ", "No, it was about a girl who was beautiful, grew up very poor and ended up as a geisha. Geisha's aren't the same as prostitutes. Have you read any historical fiction? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction can be an umbrella term; though commonly used as a synonym for describing the historical novel; the term can be applied to works in other narrative formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the period depicted.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Works of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly or genre expectations for accurate period details.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction can be an umbrella term; though commonly used as a synonym for describing the historical novel; the term can be applied to works in other narrative formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the period depicted.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Works of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly or genre expectations for accurate period details.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests.", "Memoirs of a Geisha (film) __knowledge__ Memoirs of a Geisha is a 2005 American epic drama film based on the novel \"Memoirs of a Geisha\", produced by Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment and Spyglass Entertainment and by Douglas Wick's Red Wagon Productions.", "Memoirs of a Geisha (film) __knowledge__ Directed by Rob Marshall, the film was released in the United States on December 9, 2005 by Columbia Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures; the latter was given studio credit only.", "Memoirs of a Geisha (film) __knowledge__ It stars Zhang Ziyi, Ken Watanabe, Gong Li, Michelle Yeoh, Youki Kudoh, Suzuka Ohgo, and Samantha Futerman.", "Memoirs of a Geisha (film) __knowledge__ Production took place in southern and northern California and in several locations in Kyoto, including the Kiyomizu temple and the Fushimi Inari shrine.", "Geisha __knowledge__ \"Geisha\" (; ), like all Japanese nouns, has no distinct singular or plural variants.", "Geisha __knowledge__ The word consists of two kanji, (\"Gei\") meaning \"art\" and (\"Sha\") meaning \"person\" or \"doer\".", "Geisha __knowledge__ The most literal translation of geisha into English would be \"artist\", \"performing artist\", or \"artisan\".", "Geisha __knowledge__ Another name for geisha is \"Geiko\" (), which translates specifically as \"Woman of Art.\"", "Geisha __knowledge__ This term is used to refer to geisha from Western Japan, which includes Kyoto and Kanazawa.", "Geisha __knowledge__ Apprentice geisha are called \"Maiko\" (), literally \"Woman of Dance\", or \"Hangyoku\" (半玉), \"Half-Jewel\" (meaning that they were paid half of the wage of a full geisha), or by the more generic term \"o-shaku\" (), literally \"one who pours (alcohol)\".", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ Memoirs of a Geisha is a historical novel by American author Arthur Golden, published in 1997.", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ The novel, told in first person perspective, tells the story of a fictional geisha working in Kyoto, Japan, before and after World War II.", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ In 2005, a film version was released.", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ At the age of nine, Chiyo Sakamoto (坂本千代) is taken from her poverty-stricken fishing village of Yoroido (鎧戸) on the coast of the Sea of Japan with her older sister Satsu (坂本薩) and sold to an okiya (geisha boarding house) in Gion, the most prominent geisha district in Kyoto.", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ Perceived as less attractive in looks and demeanor, Satsu is not sold into the okiya and is instead forced into becoming a prostitute in Kyoto's pleasure district.", "Liza Dalby __knowledge__ Liza Crihfield Dalby (born 1950) is an American anthropologist and novelist specializing in Japanese culture.", "Liza Dalby __knowledge__ For her graduate studies, Dalby studied and performed fieldwork in Japan of the geisha community which she wrote about in her Ph.D. dissertation.", "Liza Dalby __knowledge__ Since that time, she has written five books.", "Liza Dalby __knowledge__ Her first book, \"Geisha\", was based on her early research.", "Liza Dalby __knowledge__ The next book, \"Kimono\" is about traditional Japanese clothing and the history of the kimono.", "Liza Dalby __knowledge__ She followed that with a fictional account of the Heian era noblewoman Murasaki Shikibu, titled \"The Tale of Murasaki\".", "Liza Dalby __knowledge__ In 2007 she wrote a memoir, \"East Wind Melts the Ice\", which was followed two years later by a second work of fiction, \"Hidden Buddhas\".", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ American author Arthur Golden interviewed her for background information when writing his 1997 book, \"Memoirs of a Geisha\".", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ Iwasaki later regretted interviewing for Golden, having cited a breach of confidentiality and later sued and settled out of court with Golden for the parallelism between his book and her life.", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ She later released her own autobiography titled \"Geisha of Gion\" (UK) or \"Geisha: A Life\" (USA) in 2002.", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ Born as Masako Tanaka, she left home at the age of five to begin studying traditional Japanese dance at the Iwasaki \"okiya\" (geisha house) in the Gion district of Kyoto.", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ She was legally adopted by the okiya's owner, Madame Oima, and began using their family name of Iwasaki.", "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (film) __knowledge__ A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is a 1945 American film that marked the directorial debut of Elia Kazan.", "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (film) __knowledge__ Adapted by Tess Slesinger and Frank Davis from the 1943 novel by Betty Smith, the period drama focuses on an impoverished but aspirational second-generation Irish-American family living in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, in the early 20th century.", "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (film) __knowledge__ Peggy Ann Garner received the Academy Juvenile Award for her performance as Francie Nolan, the adolescent girl at the center of the coming-of-age story.", "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (film) __knowledge__ Other stars are Dorothy McGuire, Joan Blondell, Lloyd Nolan, Ted Donaldson and James Dunn, who received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Francie's father.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ The romance novel or romantic novel discussed in this article is the mass-market literary genre.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Novels of this type of genre fiction place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an \"emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.\"", "Romance novel __knowledge__ There are many subgenres of the romance novel including fantasy, historical romance, paranormal fiction, and science fiction.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined the literary fiction form of romance as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\".", "Romance novel __knowledge__ A thriving genre of works conventionally referred to as \"romance novels\" existed in ancient Greece.", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ Nautical fiction, frequently also naval fiction, sea fiction, naval adventure fiction or maritime fiction, is a genre of literature with a setting on or near the sea, that focuses on the human relationship to the sea and sea voyages and highlights nautical culture in these environments.", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ The settings of nautical fiction vary greatly, including merchant ships, liners, naval ships, fishing vessels, life boats, etc., along with sea ports and fishing villages.", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ When describing nautical fiction, scholars most frequently refer to novels, novellas, and short stories, sometimes under the name of sea novels or sea stories.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ The Historical Novel Society (HNS) is a nonprofit international literary society devoted to promotion of and advocacy for the genre of historical fiction.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ There are varying definitions as to what types of literature fall within the scope of historical fiction.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ One of the broadest definitions of the genre is “fiction that is set in the past, before the author’s lifetime and experience.” The HNS has adopted this broader definition, accepting as historical fiction any novel written at least fifty years after the events described, or by an individual who was not alive at the time of those events, and thus approaches them from a research perspective.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (1775–1817), the author of such works as \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) and \"Emma\" (1815), has become one of the best-known and most widely read novelists in the English language.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her novels are the subject of intense scholarly study and the centre of a diverse fan culture.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ During her lifetime, Austen's novels brought her little personal fame.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Like many women writers, she chose to publish anonymously, but her authorship was an open secret.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ At the time they were published, Austen's works were considered fashionable but received only a few reviews, albeit positive.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Historical romance (also historical novel) is a broad category of fiction in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Walter Scott helped popularize this genre in the early 19th-century, with works such as \"Rob Roy\" and \"Ivanhoe\".", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Literary fiction historical romances continue to be published, and a notable recent example is \"Wolf Hall\" (2009), a multi-award winning novel by English historical novelist Hilary Mantel.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ It is also a genre of mass-market fiction, which is related to the broader romantic love genre.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ The terms \"romance novel\" and \"historical romance\" are ambiguous, because the word \"romance\", and the associated word \"romantic\", have a number of different meanings." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction can be an umbrella term; though commonly used as a synonym for describing the historical novel; the term can be applied to works in other narrative formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the period depicted.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Works of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly or genre expectations for accurate period details.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests.", "Geisha __knowledge__ \"Geisha\" (; ), like all Japanese nouns, has no distinct singular or plural variants.", "Geisha __knowledge__ The word consists of two kanji, (\"Gei\") meaning \"art\" and (\"Sha\") meaning \"person\" or \"doer\".", "Geisha __knowledge__ The most literal translation of geisha into English would be \"artist\", \"performing artist\", or \"artisan\".", "Geisha __knowledge__ Another name for geisha is \"Geiko\" (), which translates specifically as \"Woman of Art.\"", "Geisha __knowledge__ This term is used to refer to geisha from Western Japan, which includes Kyoto and Kanazawa.", "Geisha __knowledge__ Apprentice geisha are called \"Maiko\" (), literally \"Woman of Dance\", or \"Hangyoku\" (半玉), \"Half-Jewel\" (meaning that they were paid half of the wage of a full geisha), or by the more generic term \"o-shaku\" (), literally \"one who pours (alcohol)\".", "Memoirs of a Geisha (film) __knowledge__ Memoirs of a Geisha is a 2005 American epic drama film based on the novel \"Memoirs of a Geisha\", produced by Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment and Spyglass Entertainment and by Douglas Wick's Red Wagon Productions.", "Memoirs of a Geisha (film) __knowledge__ Directed by Rob Marshall, the film was released in the United States on December 9, 2005 by Columbia Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures; the latter was given studio credit only.", "Memoirs of a Geisha (film) __knowledge__ It stars Zhang Ziyi, Ken Watanabe, Gong Li, Michelle Yeoh, Youki Kudoh, Suzuka Ohgo, and Samantha Futerman.", "Memoirs of a Geisha (film) __knowledge__ Production took place in southern and northern California and in several locations in Kyoto, including the Kiyomizu temple and the Fushimi Inari shrine.", "Onsen geisha __knowledge__ Onsen geisha (温泉芸者) is a term referring to Japanese geisha, or entertainers, who work in onsen (hot spring) resorts or towns.", "Onsen geisha __knowledge__ The term onsen geisha has a negative connotation in that the term has come to be synonymous with prostitute.", "Onsen geisha __knowledge__ This is due to several reasons.", "Onsen geisha __knowledge__ In pre–World War II history, the term \"onsen geisha\" had a negative connotation, as geisha who lived and worked at hot spring resorts or towns were often regarded as the lowest of geisha, they were unbound by contracts and could move to any other onsen town, and thus had no \"history\" or professional genealogy.", "Onsen geisha __knowledge__ During this period, some onsen geisha were sponsored by businessmen who made yearly visits; these patrons were known as \"danna\".", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ Memoirs of a Geisha is a historical novel by American author Arthur Golden, published in 1997.", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ The novel, told in first person perspective, tells the story of a fictional geisha working in Kyoto, Japan, before and after World War II.", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ In 2005, a film version was released.", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ At the age of nine, Chiyo Sakamoto (坂本千代) is taken from her poverty-stricken fishing village of Yoroido (鎧戸) on the coast of the Sea of Japan with her older sister Satsu (坂本薩) and sold to an okiya (geisha boarding house) in Gion, the most prominent geisha district in Kyoto.", "Memoirs of a Geisha __knowledge__ Perceived as less attractive in looks and demeanor, Satsu is not sold into the okiya and is instead forced into becoming a prostitute in Kyoto's pleasure district.", "Geisha in Rivalry __knowledge__ , also translated under the title of \"Rivalry: A Geisha’s Tale\", was first published in Japanese in 1918 and was first translated into English in 1963.", "Geisha in Rivalry __knowledge__ The author, Nagai Kafu, a Japanese novelist, was born in 1879 and died in 1959.", "Geisha in Rivalry __knowledge__ Kafu was an editor of literary magazines before investigating Tokyo’s geisha world and writing novels.", "Geisha in Rivalry __knowledge__ \"Rivalry\" is set in the early twentieth century (it begins around 1912) in Tokyo’s Shimbashi geisha district.", "Geisha in Rivalry __knowledge__ \"Rivalry\" aims to capture the lives of Shimbashi geisha at a historically popular time for geisha.", "Geisha in Rivalry __knowledge__ \"Rivalry\" begins with the return of the story's protagonist, Komayo, to the geisha world.", "Fiona Graham __knowledge__ Fiona Caroline Graham (born in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian anthropologist who works as a \"geisha\" in Japan.", "Fiona Graham __knowledge__ She made her debut as a \"geisha\" in 2007 in the Asakusa district of Tokyo under the name .", "Fiona Graham __knowledge__ Sayuki was born in Melbourne, Australia, and first traveled to Japan for a student exchange programme, when she was 15.", "Fiona Graham __knowledge__ There she grew up with a Japanese family and attended Japanese schools.", "Fiona Graham __knowledge__ Her first degrees in psychology and teaching were taken at Keio University.", "Fiona Graham __knowledge__ She did a M.B.A. at the University of Oxford before completing a Ph.D. in social anthropology.", "Fiona Graham __knowledge__ She has been a lecturer on Geisha studies at Keio and Waseda Universities since 2008.", "History of human sexuality __knowledge__ The social construction of sexual behavior—its taboos, regulation, and social and political impact—has had a profound effect on the various cultures of the world since prehistoric times.", "History of human sexuality __knowledge__ The work of Swiss jurist Johann Bachofen made a major impact on the study of the history of sexuality.", "History of human sexuality __knowledge__ Many authors, notably Lewis Henry Morgan and Friedrich Engels, were influenced by Bachofen, and criticized Bachofen's ideas on the subject, which were almost entirely drawn from a close reading of ancient mythology.", "History of human sexuality __knowledge__ In his 1861 book \"Mother Right: An Investigation of the Religious and Juridical Character of Matriarchy in the Ancient World\" Bachofen writes that in the beginning human sexuality was chaotic and promiscuous.", "Prostitution __knowledge__ Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment either as money, goods, services, or some other benefit agreed upon by the transacting parties.", "Prostitution __knowledge__ Prostitution is sometimes described as commercial sex or hooking.", "Prostitution __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, prostitution law may deem commercial sex to be legal or illegal.", "Prostitution __knowledge__ A person who works in this field is called a prostitute, and is a type of sex worker.", "Prostitution __knowledge__ Prostitution is one branch of the sex industry, along with pornography, stripping, and erotic dancing.", "Prostitution __knowledge__ The legal status of prostitution varies from country to country (sometimes from region to region within a given country), ranging from being permissible but unregulated, to an enforced or unenforced crime, or a regulated profession.", "History of prostitution __knowledge__ Prostitution has been practiced throughout ancient and modern culture.", "History of prostitution __knowledge__ Prostitution has been described as \"the world's oldest profession,\" and despite consistent attempts at regulation, it continues nearly unchanged.", "History of prostitution __knowledge__ The Ancient Near East was home to many shrines, temples or \"houses of heaven,\" which were dedicated to various deities.", "History of prostitution __knowledge__ These shrines and temples were documented by the Greek historian Herodotus in \"The Histories\", where sacred prostitution was a common practice.", "History of prostitution __knowledge__ Sumerian records dating back to ca.", "History of prostitution __knowledge__ 2400 BCE are the earliest recorded mention of prostitution as an occupation.", "History of prostitution __knowledge__ These describe a temple-bordello operated by Sumerian priests in the city of Uruk.", "Autobiography of a Geisha __knowledge__ As a child Masuda lived as a nurse-maid in a large farming household near Shiojiri, where she got little to eat, no education, poor sleeping quarters, and was frequently punished.", "Autobiography of a Geisha __knowledge__ She initially spent most of her time looking after the owners' young children but, after being caught taking extra melons from the field to feed herself, she was forced to do manual labor.", "Autobiography of a Geisha __knowledge__ During these years other children gave her the derisive nickname \"Crane\", as in the winter she was never allowed to wear socks and would lift one leg up and warm her foot on the thigh of the other leg.", "Autobiography of a Geisha __knowledge__ This nickname was used even when she started as a novice geisha.", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ American author Arthur Golden interviewed her for background information when writing his 1997 book, \"Memoirs of a Geisha\".", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ Iwasaki later regretted interviewing for Golden, having cited a breach of confidentiality and later sued and settled out of court with Golden for the parallelism between his book and her life.", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ She later released her own autobiography titled \"Geisha of Gion\" (UK) or \"Geisha: A Life\" (USA) in 2002.", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ Born as Masako Tanaka, she left home at the age of five to begin studying traditional Japanese dance at the Iwasaki \"okiya\" (geisha house) in the Gion district of Kyoto.", "Mineko Iwasaki __knowledge__ She was legally adopted by the okiya's owner, Madame Oima, and began using their family name of Iwasaki." ] ]

[ 1, 22, 6 ]

[ "Have you ever read any historical fiction? They're books with settings that occurred in the past.", "I haven't read \"Memoirs of a Geisha\" but I heard it had to do with a woman who wasn't very attractive and ended up being forced into prostitution.", "I used to read a lot of historical romance novels. But I found them to be inaccurate and inauthentic. I hear that's a common criticism of historical fiction" ]

[ "Historical fiction", "Historical fiction", "Historical fiction" ]

[ "Face Off (TV series)", "I heard of it but never seen it, What is the show about? ", "Oh that sounds very cool, Does the show still air? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Face Off is an American reality television game show on the Syfy cable network in which a group of prosthetic makeup artists compete against each other to create prostheses such as those found in science fiction and horror films.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode features one or more challenges, with the work reviewed by a panel of judges and eliminating one or more artists each week until a final winner is chosen.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Actress McKenzie Westmore, known for her role as Sheridan Crane on the former NBC/DirecTV soap opera \"Passions\" and a member of the Westmore family of makeup artists, serves as the show's host.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ For each assignment, the contestants' work is individually evaluated by a panel of professional special effects makeup artists who serve as judges.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ These judges have included Academy Award-winning makeup artist Ve Neill, and television and film makeup artist Glenn Hetrick, creature designer and director Patrick Tatopoulos (Season 1 - 3), and Neville Page (Season 3 - present).", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Industry figures and artists including Brian Grazer, Kevin Smith, Paul W. S. Anderson, Greg Nicotero, Rick Baker, Doug Jones, Len Wiseman and Gale Anne Hurd have served as guest judges.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Face Off\" premiered January 26, 2011 on Syfy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Face Off is an American reality television game show on the Syfy cable network in which a group of prosthetic makeup artists compete against each other to create prostheses such as those found in science fiction and horror films.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode features one or more challenges, with the work reviewed by a panel of judges and eliminating one or more artists each week until a final winner is chosen.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Actress McKenzie Westmore, known for her role as Sheridan Crane on the former NBC/DirecTV soap opera \"Passions\" and a member of the Westmore family of makeup artists, serves as the show's host.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ For each assignment, the contestants' work is individually evaluated by a panel of professional special effects makeup artists who serve as judges.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ These judges have included Academy Award-winning makeup artist Ve Neill, and television and film makeup artist Glenn Hetrick, creature designer and director Patrick Tatopoulos (Season 1 - 3), and Neville Page (Season 3 - present).", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Industry figures and artists including Brian Grazer, Kevin Smith, Paul W. S. Anderson, Greg Nicotero, Rick Baker, Doug Jones, Len Wiseman and Gale Anne Hurd have served as guest judges.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Face Off\" premiered January 26, 2011 on Syfy.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The Nickelodeon sitcom \"iCarly\" centers on Carly Shay, who creates her own web show with her best friends Sam and Freddie.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series stars Miranda Cosgrove as Carly, Jennette McCurdy as Sam, Nathan Kress as Freddie, Jerry Trainor as Spencer, and Noah Munck as Gibby.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series was created by Dan Schneider, who also serves as executive producer.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carlotta \"Carly\" Shay (Miranda Cosgrove) starts as a 13-year-old girl who lives with her older brother, Spencer Shay, in Seattle, Washington.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ They live in the Bushwell Plaza apartment building.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carly's best friends are Sam Puckett, Freddie Benson (who lives in the same apartment building), and Gibby Gibson.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ The Dominici affair was the criminal investigation into the triple murder of three Britons in France.", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ During the night of 4/5 August 1952, Sir Jack Drummond, a 61-year-old scientist; his 44-year-old wife Anne Wilbraham; and their 10-year-old daughter Elizabeth were murdered next to their car which was parked in a lay-by near \"La Grand'Terre\", the farm belonging to the Dominici family, located near the village of Lurs in the département of Basses-Alpes (now Alpes-de-Haute-Provence).", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ Family patriarch Gaston Dominici was convicted of the three murders in 1957 and sentenced to death, though it was widely believed that his guilt had not been clearly established.", "Reality television __knowledge__ Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents supposedly unscripted real-life situations, and often features an otherwise unknown cast of individuals who are typically not professional actors, although in some shows celebrities may participate.", "Reality television __knowledge__ It differs from documentary television in that the focus tends to be on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment rather than educating viewers.", "Reality television __knowledge__ An early term for the format was \"docu-soap\".", "Reality television __knowledge__ The genre has various standard tropes, including \"confessionals\" (also called \"talking heads\" or \"interview segments\") used by cast members to express their thoughts, which often double as the shows' narration.", "Syfy __knowledge__ Syfy (formerly Sci-Fi Channel and Sci Fi) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment Group division of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast.", "Syfy __knowledge__ The channel features science fiction, fantasy, horror, supernatural, paranormal, drama, and reality programming.", "Syfy __knowledge__ Syfy is available to 92.4 million households in America.", "Syfy __knowledge__ In 1989, Boca Raton, Florida, communications attorney Mitchell Rubenstein and his wife Laurie Silvers devised the concept for the Sci-Fi Channel, and planned to have it begin broadcasting in December 1990, but lacked the resources to launch it.", "POP TV __knowledge__ POP TV is the flagship television channel of the commercial multimedia company PRO PLUS d.o.o.", "POP TV __knowledge__ in Slovenia (PRO PLUS stands for PROduction PLUS).", "POP TV __knowledge__ PRO PLUS is a part of CME (owned by Time Warner).", "POP TV __knowledge__ POP TV has the highest ratings in Slovenia, as measured by the AGB Nielsen Media Research in 2013.", "POP TV __knowledge__ It has received several Reader’s Digest's Trusted Brand awards.", "POP TV __knowledge__ POP TV has received more than 39 Viktors, Slovene awards for media achievements and achievements in popular culture.", "POP TV __knowledge__ At the international festival PROMAX, a festival for promotors and advertisers in electronic media, POP TV has received five awards for its promotional achievements.", "Lost Girl __knowledge__ Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010, and ran for five seasons.", "Lost Girl __knowledge__ It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo, played by Anna Silk, as she learns to control her superhuman abilities, help those in need, and discover the truth about her origins.", "Lost Girl __knowledge__ The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund (Canada Media Fund), and in association with Shaw Media.", "Lost Girl __knowledge__ Following good ratings and positive reviews, it was renewed for a second season on November 12, 2010 (two months after its premiere), with the episodes order afterwards increased to 22 episodes; a third season on December 9, 2011; a fourth season on February 28, 2013; and a fifth on February 27, 2014.", "Plaza Sésamo __knowledge__ Sésamo (), formerly Plaza Sésamo () up until 2016, is one of the first international co-productions of the American children's television program \"Sesame Street\".", "Plaza Sésamo __knowledge__ Its first season premiered in Mexico in 1972, and was immediately a ratings hit.", "Plaza Sésamo __knowledge__ It also aired throughout Latin America, to a potential audience of 25 million children in 34 countries.", "Plaza Sésamo __knowledge__ Unlike some of the earliest co-productions, which consisted of dubbed versions of \"Sesame Street\" with local language voice-overs, \"Plaza Sésamo\" was a true co-production.", "Plaza Sésamo __knowledge__ Half of the show was adapted from the American show, and half was original material, created in Mexico by Mexican writers, performers, and producers.", "WWE NXT __knowledge__ WWE NXT, also simply called NXT, is a professional wrestling television program that is produced by WWE and is broadcast on the WWE Network every Wednesday at 8 p.m.", "WWE NXT __knowledge__ ET.", "WWE NXT __knowledge__ Since June 2012, \"NXT\" has served as the flagship television show of WWE's developmental system while prior to this it existed as a seasonal show which was presented as a hybrid between reality television and WWE's scripted live event shows, in which talent from WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) participated in a competition to become WWE's next \"breakout star\" with the help of mentors from WWE's Raw and SmackDown brands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Face Off is an American reality television game show on the Syfy cable network in which a group of prosthetic makeup artists compete against each other to create prostheses such as those found in science fiction and horror films.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode features one or more challenges, with the work reviewed by a panel of judges and eliminating one or more artists each week until a final winner is chosen.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Actress McKenzie Westmore, known for her role as Sheridan Crane on the former NBC/DirecTV soap opera \"Passions\" and a member of the Westmore family of makeup artists, serves as the show's host.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ For each assignment, the contestants' work is individually evaluated by a panel of professional special effects makeup artists who serve as judges.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ These judges have included Academy Award-winning makeup artist Ve Neill, and television and film makeup artist Glenn Hetrick, creature designer and director Patrick Tatopoulos (Season 1 - 3), and Neville Page (Season 3 - present).", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ Industry figures and artists including Brian Grazer, Kevin Smith, Paul W. S. Anderson, Greg Nicotero, Rick Baker, Doug Jones, Len Wiseman and Gale Anne Hurd have served as guest judges.", "Face Off (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Face Off\" premiered January 26, 2011 on Syfy.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Kubla Khan __knowledge__ Some of Coleridge's contemporaries denounced the poem and questioned his story of its origin.", "Kubla Khan __knowledge__ It was not until years later that critics began to openly admire the poem.", "Kubla Khan __knowledge__ Most modern critics now view \"Kubla Khan\" as one of Coleridge's three great poems, along with \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner\" and \"Christabel\".", "Kubla Khan __knowledge__ The poem is considered one of the most famous examples of Romanticism in English poetry, and is one of the most frequently anthologized poems in the English language.", "Kubla Khan __knowledge__ A copy of the manuscript is a permanent exhibit at the British Library in London.", "Kubla Khan __knowledge__ In September 1797, Coleridge lived in Nether Stowey in the south west of England and spent much of his time walking through the nearby Quantock Hills with his fellow poet William Wordsworth and Wordsworth's sister Dorothy; (His route today is memorialised as the \"Coleridge Way\".)", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ Judge Judy is an American arbitration-based reality court show presided over by Judge Judy Sheindlin, a retired Manhattan family court judge.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ The show features Sheindlin adjudicating real-life small claim disputes within a simulated courtroom set.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ Prior to the proceedings, all parties involved must sign arbitration contracts agreeing to Sheindlin's ruling, handling and production staff management.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ The series is in first-run syndication and distributed by CBS Television Distribution.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ \"Judge Judy\", which premiered on September 16, 1996, reportedly revitalized the court show genre.", "Judge Judy __knowledge__ Only two other arbitration-based reality court shows preceded it, \"The People's Court\" (its first life canceled in 1993 from low ratings) and \"Jones & Jury\" (lasting only the 1994–95 season, short-lived from low ratings).", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Frankie Laine (born Francesco Paolo LoVecchio; March 30, 1913 – February 6, 2007) was an Italian American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spanned 75 years, from his first concerts in 1930 with a marathon dance company to his final performance of \"That's My Desire\" in 2005.", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Often billed as \"America's Number One Song Stylist\", his other nicknames include \"Mr.", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Rhythm\", \"Old Leather Lungs\", and \"Mr. Steel Tonsils\".", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ His hits included \"That's My Desire\", \"That Lucky Old Sun\", \"Mule Train\", \"Cry of the Wild Goose\", \"A Woman In Love\", \"Jezebel\", \"High Noon\", \"I Believe\", \"Hey Joe!", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ \", \"The Kid's Last Fight\", \"Cool Water\", \"Moonlight Gambler,\" \"Love Is a Golden Ring,\" \"Rawhide\", and \"Lord, You Gave Me a Mountain.\"", "Kate Gosselin __knowledge__ Katie Irene \"Kate\" Gosselin (née Kreider; born March 28, 1975) is an American television personality.", "Kate Gosselin __knowledge__ She achieved national and international recognition on the US reality TV show \"Jon & Kate Plus 8,\" in which she and Jon Gosselin are profiled as they raise their atypical family of sextuplets and twins.", "Kate Gosselin __knowledge__ Katie Irene Kreider, who is of German, Scottish, and English descent, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Charlene Ruth Kreider (née Kolak, born January 14, 1958), and Kenton Eugene Kreider, (born May 1, 1949).", "Kate Gosselin __knowledge__ She has three sisters, Christen, (born May 17, 1973), Kendra, (born June 10, 1980), and Clairissa, (born December 21, 1981), and one brother, Kevin, (born October 6, 1976).", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "List of Face Off episodes __knowledge__ Face Off is an American reality television game show on the Syfy cable network in which a group of prosthetic makeup artists compete against each other to create prostheses such as those found in science fiction and horror films.", "List of Face Off episodes __knowledge__ \"Face Off\" premiered January 26, 2011 on Syfy.", "List of Face Off episodes __knowledge__ Syfy announced March 16, 2011 that \"Face Off\" had been renewed for a second season.", "List of Face Off episodes __knowledge__ Casting was slated to begin later the same month.", "List of Face Off episodes __knowledge__ Season 2 began airing January 11, 2012.", "List of Face Off episodes __knowledge__ On February 7, 2012, Syfy announced that \"Face Off\" had been renewed for a third season.", "List of Face Off episodes __knowledge__ Season three of Face Off premiered on August 21, 2012.", "List of Face Off episodes __knowledge__ On October 8, 2012, Syfy announced that \"Face Off\" would return for a fourth season which premiered on January 15, 2013.", "Prosthesis __knowledge__ In medicine, a prosthesis (plural: prostheses; from Ancient Greek \"prosthesis\", \"addition, application, attachment\") is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions.", "Prosthesis __knowledge__ Prosthetics are intended to restore the normal functions of the missing body part.", "Prosthesis __knowledge__ Prosthetic amputee rehabilitation is primarily coordinated by a prosthetist and an inter-disciplinary team of health care professionals including psychiatrists, surgeons, physical therapists, and occupational therapists.", "Prosthesis __knowledge__ Prosthetics are commonly created with CAD (Computer-Aided Design), a software interface that helps creators visualize the creation in a 3D form.", "Palatal lift prosthesis __knowledge__ A palatal lift prosthesis is a prosthesis that addresses a condition referred to as palatopharyngeal incompetence.", "Palatal lift prosthesis __knowledge__ Palatopharyngeal incompetence broadly refers to a muscular inability to sufficiently close the port between the nasopharynx and oropharynx during speech and/or swallowing.", "Palatal lift prosthesis __knowledge__ An inability to adequately close the palatopharyngeal port during speech results in hypernasalance that, depending upon its severity, can render speakers difficult to understand or unintelligible.", "Palatal lift prosthesis __knowledge__ The potential for compromised intelligibility secondary to hypernasalance is underscored when consideration is given to the fact that only three English language phonemes – /m/, /n/, and /ng/ – are pronounced with an open palatopharyngeal port.", "Nipple prosthesis __knowledge__ Nipple/Areola prostheses (prostheses is the plural of prosthesis) are made of silicone by breast prosthesis manufacturers and anaplastologists for breast cancer survivors who were treated for breast cancer with a mastectomy.", "Nipple prosthesis __knowledge__ Prostheses can be worn weeks after a mastectomy, breast reconstruction, or even nipple reconstruction.", "Nipple prosthesis __knowledge__ As an inexpensive and convenient alternative to surgery, patients may choose to wear them anytime during treatment.", "Nipple prosthesis __knowledge__ Patients who ultimately find nipple prostheses thought that they should be informed of them during the consultation prior to mastectomy (Janes S 2005).", "Nipple prosthesis __knowledge__ Nipple prosthetics are made of silicone and are adhered to the skin.", "Jim Lee __knowledge__ Jim Lee (Korean 이용철; born August 11, 1964) is a Korean American comic-book artist, writer, editor, and publisher.", "Jim Lee __knowledge__ He entered the industry in 1987 as an artist for Marvel Comics, illustrating titles such as \"Alpha Flight\" and \"The Punisher War Journal\", before gaining popularity on \"Uncanny X-Men\".", "Jim Lee __knowledge__ \"X-Men\" No.", "Jim Lee __knowledge__ 1, the 1991 spin-off series premiere that Lee penciled and co-wrote with Chris Claremont, remains the best-selling comic book of all time, according to \"Guinness World Records\".", "Jim Lee __knowledge__ In 1992, Lee and several other artists formed their own publishing company, Image Comics, to publish their creator-owned titles, with Lee publishing titles such as \"WildC.A.T.s\" and \"Gen¹³\" through his studio Wildstorm Productions.", "Breast prostheses __knowledge__ Breast prostheses are breast forms intended to simulate breasts.", "Breast prostheses __knowledge__ There are a number of materials and designs; although, the most common construction is silicone gel in a plastic skin.", "Breast prostheses __knowledge__ Off-the shelf breast prostheses come in a range of shapes and sizes, while customised breast prostheses are moulded to fit an individual's chest by taking an impression of both breasts and sculpting a mirror image.", "Breast prostheses __knowledge__ Pals Breast Forms consist of a non silicone gel which can be trimmed to fit with scissors, then sent back for customization.", "Breast prostheses __knowledge__ Fabrication of customised prostheses is typically done by an anaplastologist who makes somato prostheses." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Have you seen the american show face off its a reality show on syfy?", "Its where makeup artists compete against each other to create prostheses ", "Not sure not much information . But each episode features one or more challenges" ]

[ "Face Off (TV series)", "Face Off (TV series)", "Face Off (TV series)" ]

[ "London", "I've never been there, but I've heard it is awesome! What part of London do you want to live in?", "LOL! That DOES sound cool! The Queen lives in London, doesn't she?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "London __knowledge__ London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.", "London __knowledge__ Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.", "London __knowledge__ It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\".", "London __knowledge__ London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries.", "London __knowledge__ Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "London __knowledge__ London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.", "London __knowledge__ London is often regarded as a world cultural capital.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "London __knowledge__ London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.", "London __knowledge__ Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.", "London __knowledge__ It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\".", "London __knowledge__ London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries.", "London __knowledge__ Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "London __knowledge__ London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.", "London __knowledge__ London is often regarded as a world cultural capital.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ Guardians of the Galaxy Vol.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2014's \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ The film is written and directed by James Gunn and stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt Russell.", "Devon Woodcomb __knowledge__ Devon Christian Woodcomb, M.D., often referred to as Captain Awesome or simply Awesome, is a character on the TV series \"Chuck\", and is portrayed by the actor Ryan McPartlin.", "Devon Woodcomb __knowledge__ The character's nickname comes from Chuck's assertion that \"everything he does is awesome,\" and his frequent use of the word \"awesome\" in conversation.", "Devon Woodcomb __knowledge__ Devon is the significant other of Chuck's older sister, Ellie Bartowski, and marries her in the Season 2 finale.", "Devon Woodcomb __knowledge__ In the thirteenth episode of Season 4, their daughter Clara is born.", "Devon Woodcomb __knowledge__ Devon Woodcomb is the son of Woody (Bruce Boxleitner) and Honey (Morgan Fairchild) Woodcomb, and has two younger brothers.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Originally a trainee for George and Shunji Takano's Pro Wrestling Crusaders, Tanaka transferred to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling where he trained under Atsushi Onita.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Tanaka debuted on July 23, 1993 in Saga City, facing Ricky Fuji.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ He quickly began moving up the card in FMW, widely regarded as the top hardcore professional wrestling promotion in Japan.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Wrestling in matches featuring explosions and barbed wire, Tanaka earned a variety of scars, and the nickname \"Dangan\", which he would often shout during his matches.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ By 1996 he was one of the promotion's major stars, and had feuded with such luminaries as Mr. Pogo, Mr. Gannosuke, Terry Funk and Mike Awesome.", "Nina (Nina album) __knowledge__ Nina is the self-titled third studio album by Filipina singer Nina, released in the Philippines on August 23, 2006 by Warner Music.", "Nina (Nina album) __knowledge__ After the success of her cover album \"Nina Live!", "Nina (Nina album) __knowledge__ \", Nina decided to release an all-original studio album as a follow-up.", "Nina (Nina album) __knowledge__ She named the album after herself and stated that she considers it to be \"self-titled,\" because she believes it showcases her true self as an artist.", "Nina (Nina album) __knowledge__ The album recaptures the sound of her first two albums, but only bigger and broader in terms of genre.", "Nina (Nina album) __knowledge__ It consists mostly of \"toned-down\" songs that were sung in a \"soft, near-whispery volume.\"", "Nina (Nina album) __knowledge__ The project marked the first time that she worked with Jim Baluyut as the new executive of the label.", "Planned community __knowledge__ A planned community, or planned city, is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area.", "Planned community __knowledge__ This contrasts with settlements that evolve in a more \"ad hoc\" fashion.", "Planned community __knowledge__ Land use conflicts are less frequent in these communities.", "Planned community __knowledge__ The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom.", "Planned community __knowledge__ It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.", "Planned community __knowledge__ A planned capital is a city specially planned, designed and built to be a capital.", "Someday (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ \"Someday\" is a song by Filipino singer Nina from her 2006 self-titled fourth album.", "Someday (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's second commercial single in November 2006 by Warner Music Philippines.", "Someday (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ The song was written and composed by Nyoy Volante, who was her boyfriend at that time, and it was produced by Warner personnel Neil Gregorio.", "Someday (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ The song tells a story of a girl who was left by her loved, but still hopes for someone better to come.", "Someday (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ It was entirely recorded using an acoustic piano by Bobby Velasco.", "Someday (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ The single was accompanied by two slightly different music videos when it was released.", "Someday (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ The first one does not include any appearance of Nina at all.", "Someday (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ \"Someday\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her self-titled debut studio album (1990).", "Someday (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ It is a dance-pop song with new jack swing influences.", "Someday (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ Prior to Carey signing a record contract, she and producer Ben Margulies had written and produced a four-track demo which included \"Someday\".", "Someday (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ After signing a contract with Columbia Records, Carey began work on her debut album and she reached out to Ric Wake to ask if he would produce the song, to which he agreed.", "Someday (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ The composition of the demo recording was changed during the recording process, most notably replacing the horns with a guitar, which Carey disapproved of.", "Belfast __knowledge__ Belfast (; ) is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, and the second largest on the island of Ireland.", "Belfast __knowledge__ On the River Lagan, it had a population of 333,871 in 2015.", "Belfast __knowledge__ By the early 1800s the former town was home to a major port.", "Belfast __knowledge__ Belfast played a key role in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, becoming the biggest linen producer in the world, earning it the nickname \"Linenopolis\".", "Belfast __knowledge__ By the time it was granted city status in 1888, it was a major centre of the Irish linen as well as tobacco-processing, rope-making and shipbuilding industries.", "Belfast __knowledge__ Harland and Wolff, which built the , was the world's biggest and most productive shipyard.", "Urbanization in Africa __knowledge__ The urbanization of most of Africa is moving fast forward, especially south of the Sahara.", "Urbanization in Africa __knowledge__ It is estimated that in 1900, about 89% of inhabitants lived from the primary occupations of farming, hunting & gathering, cattle nomadism, and fishing (Aase, 2003:1) meaning that 11% or less were urban.", "Urbanization in Africa __knowledge__ At the start of the independence period in 1957, 14.7% of Africa's inhabitants were urban, in 2000 had it risen to 37.2% and it is expected to rise to 49.3% in 2015, in effect 3.76% to 3.35% per year (UN, 2002).", "Urbanization in Africa __knowledge__ In sub-Saharan Africa in 1960 \"only one city, Johannesburg, had a population of one million;...in 2009, there were fifty-two cities with such large populations.\"", "Diana Ross __knowledge__ Diana Ernestine Earle Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer.", "Diana Ross __knowledge__ Born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, Ross rose to fame as the lead singer of the vocal group the Supremes, which, during the 1960s, became Motown's most successful act, and are the best charting girl group in US history, as well as one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.", "Diana Ross __knowledge__ Ross' success as lead singer of the Supremes helped to make it possible for future African-American R&B and soul acts to find mainstream success.", "Diana Ross __knowledge__ The group released a record-setting twelve number-one hit singles on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, including \"Where Did Our Love Go\", \"Baby Love\", \"Come See About Me\", \"Stop!" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "London __knowledge__ London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.", "London __knowledge__ Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.", "London __knowledge__ It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\".", "London __knowledge__ London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries.", "London __knowledge__ Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "London __knowledge__ London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.", "London __knowledge__ London is often regarded as a world cultural capital.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lawrence Plackett, known as Lol Plackett, (born 1869) was an English footballer who played for Derby County and Nottingham Forest.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ His brother Harry was also a footballer.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lol Plackett joined Derby County sometime in 1886 and he was signed from local club Long Eaton Alexandra.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ He made his Football League debut at Pike's Lane, Bolton, then the home of Bolton Wanderers in September.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lol Plackett was selected to play outside-left.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ The match, apart from its historic context, was an extraordinary game with the home team racing into a 3-0 lead, scoring the first ever League goal and nine goals by both teams." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 9 ]

[ "I want to move to London someday. it's the biggest city in the UK.", "Maybe Hertfordshire because it has a cool sounding name lol.", "Yes, it's also the world's most visited city and largest airport system." ]

[ "London", "London", "London" ]

[ "Recreational fishing\nHave you ever been fishing? I have never been personally", "I wish I could do it, I do not know anybody who fishes though", "I suppose so, I just did not want to go", "Does that pay well?", "I would imagine, they have those shows about big fishing rigs" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some hobbyists make handmade tackle themselves, including plastic lures and artificial flies.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is known as angling.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Big-game fishing is conducted from boats to catch large open-water species such as tuna, sharks and marlin.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Noodling and trout tickling are also recreational activities.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The early evolution of fishing as recreation is not clear.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ For example, there is anecdotal evidence for fly fishing in Japan as early as the ninth century BCE, and in Europe Claudius Aelianus (175–235 CE) describes fly fishing in his work \"On the Nature of Animals\".", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Ted Williams __knowledge__ Theodore Samuel Williams (August 30, 1918 – July 5, 2002) was an American professional baseball player and manager.", "Ted Williams __knowledge__ He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career as a left fielder for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960, only interrupted by service time during World War II and the Korean War.", "Ted Williams __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Kid\", \"The Splendid Splinter\", \"Teddy Ballgame\", \"The Thumper\", and \"The Greatest Hitter Who Ever Lived\", Williams is regarded as one of the greatest players in baseball history.", "Ted Williams __knowledge__ Williams was also an outstanding fielder, especially in the difficult left field of Fenway Park in Boston.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Marlin fishing (also called billfishing) is considered by some game fishermen to be a pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of the four marlin species and their relative rareness.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Fishing for marlin captured the imagination of some sport fishermen in the 1930s, when well-known angler/authors Zane Grey, who fished for black, striped, and blue marlin in the Pacific, and Ernest Hemingway, who fished the Florida Keys, Bahamas and Cuba for Atlantic blue marlin and white marlin, wrote extensively about their pursuit and enthused about the sporting qualities of their quarry.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ These days a lot of resources are committed to the construction of private and charter billfishing boats to participate in the billfishing tournament circuit." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some hobbyists make handmade tackle themselves, including plastic lures and artificial flies.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is known as angling.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Big-game fishing is conducted from boats to catch large open-water species such as tuna, sharks and marlin.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Noodling and trout tickling are also recreational activities.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The early evolution of fishing as recreation is not clear.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ For example, there is anecdotal evidence for fly fishing in Japan as early as the ninth century BCE, and in Europe Claudius Aelianus (175–235 CE) describes fly fishing in his work \"On the Nature of Animals\".", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anybody Else\" is a song by the Italian music group Black Box.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ It was the second single from their debut album \"Dreamland\" (1990), and was originally released in the United States in December 1989.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in the early months of 1990.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ \"I Don’t Know Anybody Else\" had a great success in record charts worldwide, including Ireland, Switzerland, Norway and the United Kingdom, where it reached the top-five.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ In other countries, it peaked between number five and number ten.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ It entered the UK Singles Chart in February 17, 1990 and remained for eight weeks.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ The song features an uncredited Martha Wash on lead vocals, as initially she requested Black Box not to mention or credit her name in the recording.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Umueze Anam is a community in Anambra West Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ It is said that Umueze Anam was founded by one hunter from Amadioba Nteje known as Nwavor in the 17th century.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ As a hunter, he used to hunt for game around the Omambala River when he found a peaceful peninsula across the river and settled there.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Nwavor was accused of having a hand in the death of his archrival a kinsman of his and in other to free himself from the accusation decided to leave Nteje and settle at Odah.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ He first arrived at a place called Odah Anam where he found a lot of wildlife and fertile land for agricultural purposes.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ Early examples include \"Haikouichthys\".", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ During the late Cambrian, eel-like jawless fish called the conodonts, and small mostly armoured fish known as ostracoderms, first appeared.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ Most jawless fish are now extinct; but the extant lampreys may approximate ancient pre-jawed fish.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ Lampreys belong to the Cyclostomata, which includes the extant hagfish, and this group may have split early on from other agnathans.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ During Barack Obama's campaign for president in 2008, throughout his presidency, and afterwards, a number of conspiracy theories were circulated, falsely asserting that Obama was ineligible to be President of the United States on the basis that he was not a natural-born citizen of the United States within the requirement of .", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Theories alleged that Obama's published birth certificate was a forgery—that his actual birthplace was not Hawaii but Kenya.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Other theories alleged that Obama became a citizen of Indonesia in childhood, thereby losing his U.S. citizenship.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Still others claimed that Obama was not a natural-born U.S. citizen because he was born a dual citizen (British and American).", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboedova) \"()\" born 1792 died 1856 in Moscow, Russia.", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ She was a younger sister of Russian writer/poet Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov.", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ In 1827 she married Aleksey Mikhailovich Durnovo While life of Alexander Griboyedov is well documented and researched, very few biographers paid attention to the one person that poet was close to, not only by blood, but also in spirit, shared his aspirations and thoughts, his sister Maria.", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ She was two years older than his famous brother [see controversy about Alexander Griboyedov's date of birth].", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ Their friendship began in the years of their childhood and lasted their entire life by their own admission they kept no secrets from each other.", "Black Box (band) __knowledge__ Black Box is an Italian house music group popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Black Box (band) __knowledge__ The members of the group included a trio made up of a club DJ (Daniele Davoli), a classically trained clarinet teacher (Valerio Semplici), and a keyboard and electronic music \"wiz\" (Mirko Limoni).", "Black Box (band) __knowledge__ The three created an image for the Black Box act using French fashion model Katrin Quinol as its album/singles cover art and supposed lead singer in all of the group's music videos.", "Black Box (band) __knowledge__ Davoli, Semplici, and Limoni had previously formed a group called Groove Groove Melody, producing dance music under names such as Starlight (who had a UK Top 10 hit in August 1989 with \"Numero Uno\") and Wood Allen.", "Tommy Kirk __knowledge__ Thomas Lee Kirk (born December 10, 1941) is an American former actor and later a businessman.", "Tommy Kirk __knowledge__ He is best known for his performances in a number of highly popular movies made by Walt Disney Studios such as \"Old Yeller\", \"The Shaggy Dog\", \"The Swiss Family Robinson\" and \"The Misadventures of Merlin Jones\", as well as beach-party movies of the mid-1960s.", "Tommy Kirk __knowledge__ Kirk was born in Louisville, Kentucky, one of four sons.", "Tommy Kirk __knowledge__ His father was a mechanic who worked for the Highway Department; his mother, a legal secretary.", "Tommy Kirk __knowledge__ Looking for better job opportunities, they moved to Downey in Los Angeles County, California, when Kirk was fifteen months old.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Sportsmen’s Heritage And Recreational Enhancement Act of 2013 __knowledge__ The Sportsmen’s Heritage And Recreational Enhancement Act of 2013 () is an omnibus bill that covers several firearms, fishing, hunting, and federal land laws.", "Sportsmen’s Heritage And Recreational Enhancement Act of 2013 __knowledge__ H.R.", "Sportsmen’s Heritage And Recreational Enhancement Act of 2013 __knowledge__ 3590 would establish or amend certain laws related to the use of firearms and other recreational activities on federal lands.", "Sportsmen’s Heritage And Recreational Enhancement Act of 2013 __knowledge__ The bill also would authorize the U.S.", "Sportsmen’s Heritage And Recreational Enhancement Act of 2013 __knowledge__ Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to permanently allow any state to provide hunting and conservation stamps for migratory birds (referred to as federal duck stamps).", "Sportsmen’s Heritage And Recreational Enhancement Act of 2013 __knowledge__ In addition, the bill would require the Secretaries of the Interior and Agriculture to charge an annual permit fee for small crews that conduct commercial filming activities on certain federal lands.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Fishing license __knowledge__ A fishing license (US), fishing licence or fishing permit is a regulatory or legal mechanism to control fishing.", "Fishing license __knowledge__ Licensing is one mechanism of fisheries management and may be required for either commercial or recreational fishing.", "Fishing license __knowledge__ In 1765, the Chinese Qing dynasty government required all fishing boat operators to obtain a fishing license under the \"aojia\" system that regulated coastal populations.", "Fishing license __knowledge__ The Dan boat people of Guangdong had to acquire a fishing license as early as 1729.", "Fishing license __knowledge__ The wooden license issued by the government was to be displayed on the bow or stern of a boat.", "Fishing license __knowledge__ The information on the license consisted of the name and age of the boat's owner, the ship's status as either a fishing or commercial vessel, the home port of the boat, crew and family members on board, the date the license was issued, and the registration number of the license.", "Fishing industry in Russia __knowledge__ The coastline of the Russian Federation is the fourth longest in the world after the coastlines of Canada, Greenland, and Indonesia.", "Fishing industry in Russia __knowledge__ The Russian fishing industry has an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 7.6 million km² including access to twelve seas in three oceans, together with the landlocked Caspian Sea and more than two million rivers.", "Fishing industry in Russia __knowledge__ According to the FAO, in 2005 the Russian fishing industry harvested 3,190,946 tonnes of fish from wild fisheries and another 114,752 tonnes from aquaculture.", "Fishing industry in Russia __knowledge__ This made Russia the ninth leading producer of fish, with 2.3 percent of the world total.", "Fishing industry in Russia __knowledge__ Fisheries management is regulated by Russian federal laws." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some hobbyists make handmade tackle themselves, including plastic lures and artificial flies.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is known as angling.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Big-game fishing is conducted from boats to catch large open-water species such as tuna, sharks and marlin.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Noodling and trout tickling are also recreational activities.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The early evolution of fishing as recreation is not clear.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ For example, there is anecdotal evidence for fly fishing in Japan as early as the ninth century BCE, and in Europe Claudius Aelianus (175–235 CE) describes fly fishing in his work \"On the Nature of Animals\".", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ The two envelopes problem, also known as the exchange paradox, is a brain teaser, puzzle, or paradox in logic, probability, and recreational mathematics.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ It is of special interest in decision theory, and for the Bayesian interpretation of probability theory.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ Historically, it arose as a variant of the necktie paradox.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ The problem typically is introduced by formulating a hypothetical challenge of the following type: It seems obvious that there is no point in switching envelopes as the situation is symmetric.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ However, because you stand to gain twice as much money if you switch while risking only a loss of half of what you currently have, it is possible to argue that it is more beneficial to switch.", "Forward contract __knowledge__ In finance, a forward contract or simply a forward is a non-standardized contract between two parties to buy or to sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed upon today, making it a type of derivative instrument.", "Forward contract __knowledge__ The party agreeing to buy the underlying asset in the future assumes a long position, and the party agreeing to sell the asset in the future assumes a short position.", "Forward contract __knowledge__ The price agreed upon is called the delivery price, which is equal to the forward price at the time the contract is entered into.", "Forward contract __knowledge__ The price of the underlying instrument, in whatever form, is paid before control of the instrument changes.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ The manner in which assets are distributed depends on whether the deceased has left a valid will or other valid document containing testamentary provisions, such as an antenuptial contract.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ If the deceased has not left a valid will or valid document containing testamentary provisions, the deceased dies intestate; similarly, if the deceased leaves a valid will which does not dispose of all property, there is an intestacy as to the portion not disposed of.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ In the event of intestacy, the assets are distributed in a definite order of preference among the heirs, as stipulated by the Intestate Succession Act.", "Rule of marteloio __knowledge__ The rule of marteloio is a medieval technique of navigational computation that uses compass direction, distance and a simple trigonometric table known as the toleta de marteloio.", "Rule of marteloio __knowledge__ The rule told mariners how to plot the traverse between two different navigation courses by means of resolving triangles with the help of the \"Toleta\" and basic arithmetic.", "Rule of marteloio __knowledge__ Those uncomfortable with manipulating numbers could resort to the visual tondo e quadro (circle-and-square) and achieve their answer with dividers.", "Rule of marteloio __knowledge__ The rule of marteloio was commonly used by Mediterranean navigators during the 14th and 15th centuries, before the development of astronomical navigation.", "Competitive equilibrium __knowledge__ Competitive equilibrium (also called: Walrasian equilibrium) is the traditional concept of economic equilibrium, appropriate for the analysis of commodity markets with flexible prices and many traders, and serving as the benchmark of efficiency in economic analysis.", "Competitive equilibrium __knowledge__ It relies crucially on the assumption of a competitive environment where each trader decides upon a quantity that is so small compared to the total quantity traded in the market that their individual transactions have no influence on the prices.", "Competitive equilibrium __knowledge__ Competitive markets are an ideal standard by which other market structures are evaluated.", "Linear utility __knowledge__ In economics and consumer theory, a linear utility function is a function of the form: or, in vector form: where: A consumer with a linear utility function has the following properties: Define a \"linear economy\" as an exchange economy in which all agents have linear utility functions.", "Linear utility __knowledge__ A linear economy has several properties.", "Linear utility __knowledge__ Assume that each agent formula_17 has an initial endowment formula_18.", "Linear utility __knowledge__ This is a vector of size formula_3 in which the element formula_20 represents the amount of good formula_7 that is initially owned by agent formula_17.", "Linear utility __knowledge__ Then, the initial utility of this agent is formula_23.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ A fishing rod is a long, flexible rod used to catch fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ At its simplest, a fishing rod is a simple stick or pole attached to a line ending in a hook (formerly known as an \"angle\", hence the term angling).", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The length of the rod can vary between .", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ To entice fish, bait or lures are impaled on one or more hooks attached to the line.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The line is generally stored on a reel which reduces tangles and assists in landing a fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ Traditionally rods are made from bamboo, while contemporary rods are usually made from fibreglass or carbon fibre.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ In contrast with nets, which are usually used in subsistence and commercial fishing, fishing rods are more often used in recreational fishing and competitive casting.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ A fishing reel is a cylindrical device attached to a fishing rod used in winding and stowing line.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ Modern fishing reels usually have fittings aiding in casting for distance and accuracy, as well as retrieving line.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ Fishing reels are traditionally used in the recreational sport of angling and competitive casting.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ They are typically attached to a fishing rod, though some specialized reels are mounted directly to boat gunwales or transoms.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ The fishing reel was invented in Song dynasty China, where the earliest known illustration of a fishing reel is from Chinese paintings and records beginning about 1195 AD.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Almost any equipment or gear used for fishing can be called fishing tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders and tackle boxes.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Gear that is attached to the end of a fishing line is called terminal tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This includes hooks, leaders, swivels, sinkers, floats, split rings and wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners and clevises to attach spinner blades to fishing lures.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Sometimes the term fishing rig is used for a completed assembly of tackle ready for fishing.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ There are two major sources of fish in Uganda; one is from aquaculture, the other from fishing in rivers and lakes.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ The latter has made up the largest and most significant share of all fishing.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Open water covers 15.3 percent of Uganda's surface and comprises five major lakes (Lake Victoria, Lake Albert (Africa), Lake Kyoga, Lake Edward and Lake George (Uganda) which are the main sources of fish in the country.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Lake Victoria continues to be the most important water body in Uganda both in size and contribution to the total fish catch, followed by Lake Albert and Lake Kyoga.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Uganda's main sources of fish supply for both the domestic and export markets are the districts on Lake Victoria, particularly Mukono, Mpigi, Kalangala, Masaka and Luwero.", "Angling __knowledge__ Angling is a method of fishing by means of an \"angle\" (fish hook).", "Angling __knowledge__ The hook is usually attached to a fishing line and the line is often attached to a fishing rod.", "Angling __knowledge__ Fishing rods are usually fitted with a fishing reel that functions as a mechanism for storing, retrieving and paying out the line.", "Angling __knowledge__ Tenkara fishing and cane pole fishing are two techniques that do not use a reel.", "Angling __knowledge__ The hook itself can be dressed with bait, but sometimes a lure, with hooks attached to it, is used in place of a hook and bait.", "Angling __knowledge__ A bite indicator such as a float, and a weight or sinker are sometimes used.", "Angling __knowledge__ Angling is the principal method of sport fishing, but commercial fisheries also use angling methods such as longlining or trolling.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Marlin fishing (also called billfishing) is considered by some game fishermen to be a pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of the four marlin species and their relative rareness.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Fishing for marlin captured the imagination of some sport fishermen in the 1930s, when well-known angler/authors Zane Grey, who fished for black, striped, and blue marlin in the Pacific, and Ernest Hemingway, who fished the Florida Keys, Bahamas and Cuba for Atlantic blue marlin and white marlin, wrote extensively about their pursuit and enthused about the sporting qualities of their quarry.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ These days a lot of resources are committed to the construction of private and charter billfishing boats to participate in the billfishing tournament circuit." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some hobbyists make handmade tackle themselves, including plastic lures and artificial flies.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is known as angling.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Big-game fishing is conducted from boats to catch large open-water species such as tuna, sharks and marlin.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Noodling and trout tickling are also recreational activities.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The early evolution of fishing as recreation is not clear.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ For example, there is anecdotal evidence for fly fishing in Japan as early as the ninth century BCE, and in Europe Claudius Aelianus (175–235 CE) describes fly fishing in his work \"On the Nature of Animals\".", "Stripper __knowledge__ A stripper or exotic dancer is a person whose occupation involves performing striptease in a public adult entertainment venue such as a strip club.", "Stripper __knowledge__ At times, a stripper may be hired to perform at a bachelor party or other private event.", "Stripper __knowledge__ Modern Americanized forms of stripping minimize interaction by strippers with customers, reducing the importance of \"tease\" in the performance in favor of speed to undress (\"strip\").", "Stripper __knowledge__ Not every stripper will end a performance completely nude, though full nudity is common where not prohibited by law.", "Stripper __knowledge__ The integration of the burlesque pole as a nearly ubiquitous prop has shifted the emphasis in the performance toward a more acrobatic, explicit expression compared to the slow-developing burlesque style.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The Panama Papers are 11.5 million leaked documents that detail financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore entities.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The documents, some dating back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca, and were leaked in 2015 by an anonymous source.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The documents contain personal financial information about wealthy individuals and public officials that had previously been kept private.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ While offshore business entities are legal (see Offshore Magic Circle), reporters found that some of the Mossack Fonseca shell corporations were used for illegal purposes, including fraud, tax evasion, and evading international sanctions.", "Strip club __knowledge__ Strip clubs are venues where strippers provide adult entertainment, predominantly in the form of striptease or other erotic or exotic dances.", "Strip club __knowledge__ Strip clubs typically adopt a nightclub or bar style, and can also adopt a theatre or cabaret-style.", "Strip club __knowledge__ American-style strip clubs began to appear outside North America after World War II, arriving in Asia in the late 1940s and Europe in the 1950s, where they competed against the local English and French styles of striptease and erotic performances.", "Strip club __knowledge__ As of 2005, the size of the global strip club industry was estimated to be US$75 billion.", "Strip club __knowledge__ In 2002, the size of the U.S. strip club industry was estimated to be US$3.1 billion, generating 19% of the total gross revenue in legal adult entertainment.", "Utah-Idaho Sugar Company __knowledge__ The Utah-Idaho Sugar Company was a large sugar beet processing company based in Utah.", "Utah-Idaho Sugar Company __knowledge__ It was owned and controlled by the Utah-based Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its leaders.", "Utah-Idaho Sugar Company __knowledge__ It was notable for developing a valuable cash crop and processing facilities that was important to the economy of Utah and surrounding states.", "Utah-Idaho Sugar Company __knowledge__ It was part of the Sugar Trust, and subject to antitrust investigations by the U.S. Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Hardwick Committee.", "Utah-Idaho Sugar Company __knowledge__ Since sugar was primarily an imported product in the late 19th century, from areas that cultivate sugar cane and sugar beets, there was support in the United States to produce it internally and prevent the more than $500 million annually that was paid out for imports.", "Klondike Gold Rush __knowledge__ The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899.", "Klondike Gold Rush __knowledge__ Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896, and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of prospectors.", "Klondike Gold Rush __knowledge__ Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain.", "Klondike Gold Rush __knowledge__ It has been immortalized in photographs, books, films, and artifacts.", "Klondike Gold Rush __knowledge__ To reach the gold fields, most took the route through the ports of Dyea and Skagway in Southeast Alaska.", "Klondike Gold Rush __knowledge__ Here, the Klondikers could follow either the Chilkoot or the White Pass trails to the Yukon River and sail down to the Klondike.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: A Jekyll and Hyde-type who fought Captain Marvel Jr. Based on the Nazi Dictator Adolf Hitler.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Führer of Nazi Germany, he was a member of the Monster Society of Evil.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ He ordered the creation of Captain Nazi, and caused many plots against America and its superheroes.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Like his real-life counterpart, he probably committed suicide with his wife when the Allies were advancing to Berlin.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Only appearing in \"Marvel Family\" #27.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Created by a scientist who thinks if everyone in the world was like him there would be no war.", "California Gold Rush __knowledge__ The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.", "California Gold Rush __knowledge__ The news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.", "California Gold Rush __knowledge__ The sudden influx of immigration and gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and California became one of the few American states to go directly to statehood without first being a territory, in the Compromise of 1850.", "California Gold Rush __knowledge__ The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation.", "Riverkeeper __knowledge__ Riverkeeper is a non-profit environmental organization dedicated to the protection of the Hudson River and its tributaries, as well as the watersheds that provide New York City with its drinking water.", "Riverkeeper __knowledge__ It started out as the Hudson River Fisherman's Association (HRFA) in 1966, a citizen-led environmental enforcement organization founded by a group of recreational and commercial fisherman.", "Riverkeeper __knowledge__ In 1983, HRFA hired John Cronin, the first full-time Hudson Riverkeeper, to patrol the river, protect it from polluters, and enforce environmental laws.", "Riverkeeper __knowledge__ In 1986, the group officially changed its name to Riverkeeper, making it the first \"keeper\" group to be founded.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish which are preyed on by larger predators for food.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ Predators include other larger fish, seabirds and marine mammals.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ Typical ocean forage fish feed near the base of the food chain on plankton, often by filter feeding.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ They include particularly fishes of the family Clupeidae (herrings, sardines, shad, hilsa, menhaden, anchovies and sprats), but also other small fish, including halfbeaks, silversides, smelt such as capelin, and the goldband fusiliers pictured on the right.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ Forage fish compensate for their small size by forming schools.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ Climate change in the US state of Washington is a subject of study and projection today.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ \"For the most up to date and comprehensive analysis of climate change impacts on Washington State, see the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group 2009 assessment report, available\" here.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ \"Economic Impacts of Climate Change (2007) in Washington State\" summarized impacts on forest fires, public health, agriculture, municipal water supply, sea level rise and fisheries.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ These conclusions have been reached through several predictions, based primarily on temperature and precipitation models for climate change.", "Stock assessment __knowledge__ Stock assessments provide fisheries managers with the information that is used in the regulation of a fish stock.", "Stock assessment __knowledge__ Biological and fisheries data are collected in a stock assessment.", "Stock assessment __knowledge__ A wide array of biological data may be collected for an assessment.", "Stock assessment __knowledge__ These include details on the age structure of the stock, age at first spawning, fecundity, ratio of males to females in the stock, natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F), growth rate of the fish, spawning behavior, critical habitats, migratory habits, food preferences, and an estimate of either the total population or total biomass of the stock.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ A fishing rod is a long, flexible rod used to catch fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ At its simplest, a fishing rod is a simple stick or pole attached to a line ending in a hook (formerly known as an \"angle\", hence the term angling).", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The length of the rod can vary between .", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ To entice fish, bait or lures are impaled on one or more hooks attached to the line.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The line is generally stored on a reel which reduces tangles and assists in landing a fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ Traditionally rods are made from bamboo, while contemporary rods are usually made from fibreglass or carbon fibre.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ In contrast with nets, which are usually used in subsistence and commercial fishing, fishing rods are more often used in recreational fishing and competitive casting." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some hobbyists make handmade tackle themselves, including plastic lures and artificial flies.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is known as angling.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Big-game fishing is conducted from boats to catch large open-water species such as tuna, sharks and marlin.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Noodling and trout tickling are also recreational activities.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The early evolution of fishing as recreation is not clear.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ For example, there is anecdotal evidence for fly fishing in Japan as early as the ninth century BCE, and in Europe Claudius Aelianus (175–235 CE) describes fly fishing in his work \"On the Nature of Animals\".", "Rigs-to-Reefs __knowledge__ Rigs-to-Reefs (RTR) is the practice of converting decommissioned offshore oil and petroleum rigs into artificial reefs.", "Rigs-to-Reefs __knowledge__ Such biotic reefs have been created from oil rigs in the United States, Brunei and Malaysia.", "Rigs-to-Reefs __knowledge__ In the United States, where the practice started and is most common, Rigs-to-Reefs is a nationwide program developed by the former Minerals Management Service (MMS), now Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), of the U.S. Department of the Interior.", "Rigs-to-Reefs __knowledge__ The program has been generally popular with fishermen, the oil industry, and government regulators in the Gulf of Mexico, where offshore platforms develop into coral reefs, and as of September 2012, 420 former oil platforms, about 10 percent of decommissioned platforms, have been converted to permanent reefs.", "Drilling rig __knowledge__ A drilling rig is a machine that creates holes in the earth sub-surface.", "Drilling rig __knowledge__ Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person and such are called augers.", "Drilling rig __knowledge__ Drilling rigs can sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells.", "Drilling rig __knowledge__ Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig).", "Braided fishing line __knowledge__ Braided line was one of the earliest types of fishing line, and in its modern incarnations it is still very popular in some situations because of its high knot strength, lack of stretch, and great overall power in relation to its diameter.", "Braided fishing line __knowledge__ Braids were originally made from natural fibers such as cotton and linen, but natural fiber braids (with the very rare exception of braided silk) have long since been replaced by braided or woven fibers of a man-made materials like Dacron, Spectra or micro-dyneema into a strand of line.", "Braided fishing line __knowledge__ Braided fishing lines have good resistance to abrasion, which is very important when fishing on rocky and similar terrains, where sharp objects can easily cut other fishing lines.", "Sailing __knowledge__ Sailing employs the wind—acting on sails, wingsails or kites—to propel a craft on the surface of the \"water\" (sailing ship, sailboat, windsurfer, or kitesurfer), on \"ice\" (iceboat) or on \"land\" (land yacht) over a chosen course, which is often part of a larger plan of navigation.", "Sailing __knowledge__ A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail.", "Sailing __knowledge__ Conventional sailing craft cannot derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind.", "Sailing __knowledge__ On a given point of sail, the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction (as perceived on the craft) to mobilize the power of the wind.", "Axe manufacturing in Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Axes and other edge tools have been manufactured in central Pennsylvania since before 1825.", "Axe manufacturing in Pennsylvania __knowledge__ William Mann Jr. first arrived in Bellefonte in 1823, and together with his brother Harvey built an axe factory at Boiling Spring on Spring Creek’s Logan Branch.", "Axe manufacturing in Pennsylvania __knowledge__ For the next 100 years, members of the Mann family would establish and operate axe factories at four main locations in central Pennsylvania: Axemann-Bellefonte in Centre County (Spring Creek); Reedsville-Yeagertown and Lewistown in Mifflin County (Kishacoquillas Creek); and Mill Hall in Clinton County (Fishing Creek).", "Axe manufacturing in Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Affiliated operations occurred at Paradise, Unionville, Tyrone, Mackeyville, and Flemington, PA.", "Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing __knowledge__ Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing is a racing video game developed by Stellar Stone and published by GameMill Publishing, released for Microsoft Windows on November 20, 2003, exclusively to the North American market.", "Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing __knowledge__ The packaging of \"Big Rigs\" states that the main objective of the game is to race a semi-trailer truck (known colloquially as a \"big rig\") in order to safely deliver illegal cargo being carried by the vehicle, while avoiding the local police force.", "Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing __knowledge__ In the game itself, no objectives beyond reaching the finish line of a circular track are presented, no load is attached to the trucks, and the police are nowhere to be found.", "Sail plan __knowledge__ A sail plan is a set of drawings, usually prepared by a naval architect which shows the various combinations of sail proposed for a sailing ship.", "Sail plan __knowledge__ Alternatively, as a term of art, it refers to the way such vessels are rigged as discussed below.", "Sail plan __knowledge__ The combinations shown in a sail plan almost always include three configurations: In all sail plans, the architect attempts to balance the force of the sails against the drag of the underwater keel in such a way that the vessel naturally points into the wind.", "Sail plan __knowledge__ In this way, if control is lost, the vessel will avoid broaching (turning edge-to-the wind), and being beaten by breaking waves.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Sportsman Airpark __knowledge__ Sportsman Airpark , is a public airport located one mile (1.6 km) southeast of Newberg in Yamhill County, Oregon, USA.", "2015 GEICO 500 __knowledge__ The 2015 GEICO 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on May 3, 2015 at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama.", "2015 GEICO 500 __knowledge__ Contested over 188 laps on the 2.66 mile (4.28 km) asphalt superspeedway, it was the tenth race of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup season.", "2015 GEICO 500 __knowledge__ Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the race, his first win of the season and his sixth at Talladega Superspeedway and first at the racetrack since 2004.", "2015 GEICO 500 __knowledge__ His teammate Jimmie Johnson finished second, while Paul Menard, Ryan Blaney and Martin Truex Jr. rounded out the Top five.", "2015 GEICO 500 __knowledge__ Jeff Gordon won the pole for the race, the 80th of his career and fourth at the track.", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ The Nile crocodile (\"Crocodylus niloticus\") is an African crocodile, the largest freshwater predator in Africa, and may be considered the second largest extant reptile in the world, after the saltwater crocodile (\"Crocodylus porosus\").", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ The Nile crocodile is quite widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, occurring mostly in the central, eastern, and southern regions of the continent and lives in different types of aquatic environments such as lakes, rivers and marshlands.", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ Although capable of living in saline environments, this species is rarely found in saltwater, but occasionally inhabits deltas and brackish lakes.", "RX (The Gifted) __knowledge__ \"rX\" is the second episode of the American television series \"The Gifted\", based on Marvel Comics' \"X-Men\" properties.", "RX (The Gifted) __knowledge__ It is connected to the \"X-Men\" film series, and follows two parents who take their family on the run after discovering their children's mutant abilities.", "RX (The Gifted) __knowledge__ The episode was written by series creator Matt Nix, and directed by Len Wiseman.", "RX (The Gifted) __knowledge__ Stephen Moyer and Amy Acker star as Reed and Caitlin Strucker, parents on the run, alongside Sean Teale, Natalie Alyn Lind, Percy Hynes White, Coby Bell, Jamie Chung, Blair Redford, and Emma Dumont.", "RX (The Gifted) __knowledge__ Wiseman joined the series as an executive producer and director in August 2017.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 2, 0, 9 ]

[ "I havent been recreational fishing in a long time. Its fishing for pleasure", "You dont need too many supplies to go fishing, just a rod, reel, line hooks and some bait, like worms", "You could also become a commercial fisherman, and fish for profit and sell the fish you catch", "It can, it depends on the type of fish and it can de pretty dangerous", "Yea, exactly! Big game fishing focuses on catching tuna, sharks and Marlin." ]

[ "Recreational fishing", "Recreational fishing", "Recreational fishing", "Recreational fishing", "Recreational fishing" ]

[ "Reading (process)", "That's a really outstanding goal to have! How many books do you have? And do you read physical books or e-books?", "Ah, I'm the same way. Plus I just like that new book smell, you know? Do you have a genre that most of your books fall into?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Self-publishing is the publication of any book, album or other media by its author without the involvement of an established publisher.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Unlike the traditional publishing model in which control of the publication is shared with a publisher, the author controls the entire process in a self-publishing effort including the design of the cover and the interior, price, distribution, marketing, and public relations.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ The authors can do all of these activities by themselves or they may outsource these tasks.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Self-publishing is not limited to physical books, but includes pamphlets and brochures, as well as digital media such as e-books and websites.", "E-book __knowledge__ An electronic book (or e-book) is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ Although sometimes defined as \"an electronic version of a printed book\", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent.", "E-book __knowledge__ Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-reader devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ However, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e-books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ With over 17,000 libraries and 2.5 billion materials circulated annually in the United States alone, libraries are a ubiquitous part of the American landscape.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ However, as libraries modernize, they face an increasingly harsh budget environment, as well as technological disruption in media, scholarship, and education.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ The political, social, and technological environment is one of transformation and uncertainty.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ As of 2004, U.S. library usage was experiencing growth in spite of predictions to the contrary at that time.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ Instead, the impact of technology on libraries has been mixed.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ While usage of some library services, such as reference assistance, has declined, there has been a well-documented increase in the usage of public libraries in the U.S. and Canada over the last decade.", "Publishing __knowledge__ Publishing is the dissemination of literature, music, or information—the activity of making information available to the general public.", "Publishing __knowledge__ In some cases, authors may be their own publishers, meaning originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver and display the content for the same.", "Publishing __knowledge__ Also, the word publisher can refer to the individual who leads a publishing company or an imprint or to a person who owns/heads a magazine.", "Publishing __knowledge__ Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as books (the \"book trade\") and newspapers.", "Publishing __knowledge__ With the advent of digital information systems and the Internet, the scope of publishing has expanded to include electronic resources such as the electronic versions of books and periodicals, as well as micropublishing, websites, blogs, video game publishers, and the like.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Google Play Books (formerly Google eBooks) is an ebook digital distribution service operated by Google.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Users can purchase and download ebooks and audiobooks from Google Play, which offers over five million titles, with Google claiming it to be the \"largest ebooks collection in the world\".", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Books can be read on a dedicated Books section on the Google Play website, through the use of a mobile app available for Android and iOS, through the use of select e-readers that offer support for Adobe Digital Editions, through a web browser and reading via Google Home.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Users may also upload up to 1,000 ebooks in the PDF or EPUB file formats.", "Book __knowledge__ A book is a series of pages assembled for easy portability and reading, as well as the composition contained in it.", "Book __knowledge__ The most common modern form of book is a codex volume consisting of rectangular paper pages bound on one side, with a heavier cover and spine, so that it can fan open for reading.", "Book __knowledge__ Books have taken other forms, such as scrolls, leaves on a string, or strips tied together; and the pages have been of parchment, vellum, papyrus, bamboo slips, palm leaves, silk, wood, and other materials.", "Book __knowledge__ The contents of books are also called books, as are other compositions of that length.", "Book __knowledge__ For instance, Aristotle's \"Physics\", the constituent sections of the Bible, and even the Egyptian \"Book of the Dead\" are called books independently of their physical form.", "Philip Pullman __knowledge__ Philip Pullman CBE, FRSL (born 19 October 1946) is an English novelist.", "Philip Pullman __knowledge__ He is the author of several best-selling books, including the fantasy trilogy \"His Dark Materials\" and the fictionalised biography of Jesus, \"The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ\".", "Philip Pullman __knowledge__ In 2008, \"The Times\" named Pullman one of the \"50 greatest British writers since 1945\".", "Philip Pullman __knowledge__ In a 2004 poll for the BBC, Pullman was named the eleventh most influential person in British culture.", "Philip Pullman __knowledge__ The first book of Pullman's \"His Dark Materials\" trilogy, \"Northern Lights\", won the 1995 Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's outstanding English-language children's book.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells.", "Neurophilosophy __knowledge__ Neurophilosophy or philosophy of neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of neuroscience and philosophy that explores the relevance of neuroscientific studies to the arguments traditionally categorized as philosophy of mind.", "Neurophilosophy __knowledge__ The philosophy of neuroscience attempts to clarify neuroscientific methods and results using the conceptual rigor and methods of philosophy of science.", "Neurophilosophy __knowledge__ Below is a list of specific issues important to Philosophy of neuroscience: Many of the methods and techniques central to neuroscientific discovery rely on assumptions that can limit the interpretation of the data.", "Neurophilosophy __knowledge__ Philosophers of Neuroscience have discussed such assumptions in the use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dissociation in Cognitive Neuropsychology, single unit recording, and computational neuroscience.", "Cognitive biology __knowledge__ Cognitive biology is an emerging science that regards natural cognition as a biological function.", "Cognitive biology __knowledge__ It is based on the theoretical assumption that every organism—whether a single cell or multicellular—is continually engaged in systematic acts of cognition coupled with intentional behaviors, i.e., a sensory-motor coupling.", "Cognitive biology __knowledge__ That is to say, if an organism can sense stimuli in its environment and respond accordingly, it is cognitive.", "Cognitive biology __knowledge__ Any explanation of how natural cognition may manifest in an organism is constrained by the biological conditions in which its genes survives from one generation to the next.", "Cognitive ecology __knowledge__ Cognitive ecology is the study of cognitive phenomena within social and natural contexts.", "Cognitive ecology __knowledge__ It is an integrative perspective drawing from aspects of ecological psychology, cognitive science, evolutionary ecology and anthropology.", "Cognitive ecology __knowledge__ Notions of domain-specific modules in the brain and the cognitive biases they create are central to understanding the enacted nature of cognition within a cognitive ecological framework.", "Cognitive ecology __knowledge__ This means that cognitive mechanisms not only shape the characteristics of thought, but they dictate the success of culturally transmitted ideas.", "Cognitive ecology __knowledge__ Because culturally transmitted concepts can often inform ecological decision-making behaviors, group-level trends in cognition (i.e., culturally salient concepts) are hypothesized to address ecologically relevant challenges.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Sight-reading, also called a prima vista (Italian meaning \"at first sight\"), is the reading and performing of a piece of music or song in music notation that the performer has not seen before.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Sight-singing is used to describe a singer who is sight-reading.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Both activities require the musician to play or sing the notated rhythms and pitches.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Many believe that sight-singing is the more challenging of the two, because singers do not have any keys, frets or valves (on keyboard instruments, guitars, and valved brass instruments, respectively) to help them obtain the correct pitches.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Singers must also read and sing the correct lyrics, which adds another layer beyond pitch and dynamics.", "Printer driver __knowledge__ In computers, a printer driver or a print processor is a piece of software that converts the data to be printed to the form specific to a printer.", "Printer driver __knowledge__ The purpose of printer drivers is to allow applications to do printing without being aware of the technical details of each printer model.", "Printer driver __knowledge__ Printer drivers should not be confused with print spoolers, that queue print jobs and send them successively to a printer.", "Printer driver __knowledge__ Unix and other Unix-like systems such as Linux and OS X use CUPS (short for Common Unix Printing System), a modular printing system for Unix-like computer operating systems, which allows a computer to act as a print server." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ The Alavi Bohras () are a Taiyebi Musta'alavi Isma'ili Shi'i Muslim community from Gujarat, India.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ In India, during the time of the 18th Fatimid Imam Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah around 1093 AD in Egypt, the designated learned people (\"wulaat\") who were sent from Yemen by missionaries (\"du'aat\") under the guidance of the Imam established a \"da'wah\" in Khambhat (Gujarat, India).", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ After the division of the Mustaalid community, the Yemenite Da'wah followed their 21st Imam, the son of 20th Imam Aamir in the succession of Fatimid Imams of Egypt, at-Taiyeb Abul Qaasim as their Imam of seclusion ستر, and the Bohras are the modern descendants of Taiyebi Da'wah established from Khambhat, Patan and Sidhpur in the 5th century Hijri and also the immigrants from Yemeni Taiyebi Da'wah.", "List of K.O.3an Guo characters __knowledge__ This is a character list of the Taiwanese series \"K.O.3an Guo\" which is aired between Winter, Spring and Summer, 2009.", "List of K.O.3an Guo characters __knowledge__ Five Tiger General: 1st. Courtesy name: Guan Yunchang (關雲長). School year: Freshman. Birthdate: Silver Dimensional Year 4332, July 24. Age: 17 years old. Species: Power-user. Aura: Gold. Status: Alive. Fighting Power Points: 18000 -> 30000+(After learning Xing Tian Gong) Original counterpart: \"Guan Yu\" Actor: George Hu (胡宇崴) – \"Wu Hu Jiang\" (武虎將).", "List of K.O.3an Guo characters __knowledge__ Biography: Guan Yu is straight-headed, righteous and loyal.", "List of K.O.3an Guo characters __knowledge__ He is known for fighting around the world alongside his best friend, Zhang Fei, with whom he has attended twenty-four schools together (only because he always gets kicked out for starting fights).", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The Boeing AH-64 Apache is an American four-blade, twin-turboshaft attack helicopter with a tailwheel-type landing gear arrangement and a tandem cockpit for a two-man crew.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It features a nose-mounted sensor suite for target acquisition and night vision systems.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It is armed with a M230 chain gun carried between the main landing gear, under the aircraft's forward fuselage, and four hardpoints mounted on stub-wing pylons for carrying armament and stores, typically a mixture of AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and Hydra 70 rocket pods.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The AH-64 has a large amount of systems redundancy to improve combat survivability.", "Herman Melville __knowledge__ Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period.", "Herman Melville __knowledge__ His best known works include \"Typee\" (1846), a romantic account of his experiences in Polynesian life, and his whaling novel \"Moby-Dick\" (1851).", "Herman Melville __knowledge__ His work was almost forgotten during his last 30 years.", "Herman Melville __knowledge__ His writing draws on his experience at sea as a common sailor, exploration of literature and philosophy, and engagement in the contradictions of American society in a period of rapid change.", "Herman Melville __knowledge__ He developed a complex, baroque style; the vocabulary is rich and original, a strong sense of rhythm infuses the elaborate sentences, the imagery is often mystical or ironic, and the abundance of allusion extends to biblical scripture, myth, philosophy, literature, and the visual arts.", "Great Expectations __knowledge__ Great Expectations is the thirteenth novel by Charles Dickens and his penultimate completed novel; a bildungsroman that depicts the personal growth and personal development of an orphan nicknamed Pip.", "Great Expectations __knowledge__ It is Dickens's second novel, after \"David Copperfield\", to be fully narrated in the first person.", "Great Expectations __knowledge__ The novel was first published as a serial in Dickens's weekly periodical \"All the Year Round\", from 1 December 1860 to August 1861.", "Great Expectations __knowledge__ In October 1861, Chapman and Hall published the novel in three volumes.", "Great Expectations __knowledge__ The novel is set in Kent and London in the early to mid-19th century and contains some of Dickens's most memorable scenes, including the opening in a graveyard, where the young Pip is accosted by the escaped convict, Abel Magwitch.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Self-publishing is the publication of any book, album or other media by its author without the involvement of an established publisher.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Unlike the traditional publishing model in which control of the publication is shared with a publisher, the author controls the entire process in a self-publishing effort including the design of the cover and the interior, price, distribution, marketing, and public relations.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ The authors can do all of these activities by themselves or they may outsource these tasks.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Self-publishing is not limited to physical books, but includes pamphlets and brochures, as well as digital media such as e-books and websites.", "E-book __knowledge__ An electronic book (or e-book) is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ Although sometimes defined as \"an electronic version of a printed book\", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent.", "E-book __knowledge__ Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-reader devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ However, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e-books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ With over 17,000 libraries and 2.5 billion materials circulated annually in the United States alone, libraries are a ubiquitous part of the American landscape.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ However, as libraries modernize, they face an increasingly harsh budget environment, as well as technological disruption in media, scholarship, and education.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ The political, social, and technological environment is one of transformation and uncertainty.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ As of 2004, U.S. library usage was experiencing growth in spite of predictions to the contrary at that time.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ Instead, the impact of technology on libraries has been mixed.", "Trends in library usage __knowledge__ While usage of some library services, such as reference assistance, has declined, there has been a well-documented increase in the usage of public libraries in the U.S. and Canada over the last decade.", "Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi __knowledge__ Muḥammad Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad Yaḥyá Ṣiddīqī Kāndhlawī Sahāranpūrī Muhājir Madanī (\"Muḥammad Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad Yaḥyá aṣ-Ṣiddīqī al-Kāndahlawī as-Sahāranfūrī al-Madanī\"; 2 February 189824 May 1982) was a Sunni Hanafi Islamic scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought in India, particularly known as a scholar of hadith and an influential ideologue of Tablighi Jamaat, the missionary and reform movement founded by his uncle, Maulana Muhammad Ilyas.", "Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi __knowledge__ The writings of Zakariya constitute much of the group's basic reading material in the form of \"Faza'il-i A`mal\".", "Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi __knowledge__ Originally composed in Urdu but translated into several languages, \"Faza'il-i A`mal\" contains several of his treatises on the virtues of different subjects, including \"Faza'il-i Qur'an\" (Virtues of the Qur'an), \"Faza'il-i Ramazan\" (Virtues of Ramadan), and \"Faza'il-i Namaz\" (Virtues of Salah).", "Publishing __knowledge__ Publishing is the dissemination of literature, music, or information—the activity of making information available to the general public.", "Publishing __knowledge__ In some cases, authors may be their own publishers, meaning originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver and display the content for the same.", "Publishing __knowledge__ Also, the word publisher can refer to the individual who leads a publishing company or an imprint or to a person who owns/heads a magazine.", "Publishing __knowledge__ Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as books (the \"book trade\") and newspapers.", "Publishing __knowledge__ With the advent of digital information systems and the Internet, the scope of publishing has expanded to include electronic resources such as the electronic versions of books and periodicals, as well as micropublishing, websites, blogs, video game publishers, and the like.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Google Play Books (formerly Google eBooks) is an ebook digital distribution service operated by Google.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Users can purchase and download ebooks and audiobooks from Google Play, which offers over five million titles, with Google claiming it to be the \"largest ebooks collection in the world\".", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Books can be read on a dedicated Books section on the Google Play website, through the use of a mobile app available for Android and iOS, through the use of select e-readers that offer support for Adobe Digital Editions, through a web browser and reading via Google Home.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Users may also upload up to 1,000 ebooks in the PDF or EPUB file formats.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The hardware platform, developed by Amazon subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays, Android-based tablets with color LCD screens and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ All Kindle devices integrate with Kindle Store content, and as of December 2017, the store has nearly 5.9 million e-books available in the United States." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 56 ]

[ "I love reading. Partially because it is a complex cognitive process. I am trying to read every book I own in under a year.", "I own about 150 so 3 books a week. I only read physical books. E-Books are hard for me to focus on.", "I do love book smells. Even older books, like at the library, which thankfully is still experiencing growth in usage despite technology. I love fantasy books, what about you?" ]

[ "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)" ]

[ "The Voice (U.S. TV series)\nThe Voice used to be my favorite show.", "Yes that is the one. Who created it?", "I did not know that. When did the voice of Holland come out?", "How many seasons have there been?", "Who were the original judges?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The Voice is an American reality television singing competition broadcast on NBC.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Based on the original \"The Voice of Holland\", the concept of the series is to find currently unsigned singing talent (solo or duets, professional and amateur) contested by aspiring singers, age 15 or over (reduced to 13 since season 12), drawn from public auditions.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winner is determined by television viewers voting by telephone, internet, SMS text, and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists' vocal performances.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They receive US$100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winners of the thirteen seasons have been: Javier Colon, Jermaine Paul, Cassadee Pope, Danielle Bradbery, Tessanne Chin, Josh Kaufman, Craig Wayne Boyd, Sawyer Fredericks, Jordan Smith, Alisan Porter, Sundance Head, Chris Blue and Chloe Kohanski.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They also compete to ensure that their act wins the competition, thus making them the winning coach.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Members of the coaching panel include Adam Levine, Blake Shelton, Christina Aguilera (seasons 1–3, 5, 8, 10), CeeLo Green (seasons 1–3, and 5), Shakira (seasons 4 and 6), Usher (seasons 4 and 6), Gwen Stefani (seasons 7, 9, and 12), Pharrell Williams (seasons 7–10), Miley Cyrus (seasons 11 and 13), Alicia Keys (seasons 11–12, and 14), and Jennifer Hudson (season 13).", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\".", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) characters __knowledge__ It is an American animated series based on the eponymous characters.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) characters __knowledge__ It premiered on Nickelodeon in the United States on September 29, 2012.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) characters __knowledge__ It also premiered on YTV in Canada on September 29, 2012.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of humanoid mutant red-eared slider turtles who were hidden ever since their mutations within the sewers of New York City and usually go up to the surface only in the night time.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Leonardo (often known as Leo) is an enthusiastic ninjutsu student, wears a royal blue mask, and fights with two long swords called Niten Ryu.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "The Dark Knight (film) __knowledge__ The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed, produced, and co-written by Christopher Nolan.", "The Dark Knight (film) __knowledge__ Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the second part of Nolan's \"The Dark Knight Trilogy\" and a sequel to 2005's \"Batman Begins\", starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Heath Ledger, Gary Oldman, Aaron Eckhart, Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman.", "The Dark Knight (film) __knowledge__ In the film, Bruce Wayne/Batman (Bale), Police Lieutenant James Gordon (Oldman) and District Attorney Harvey Dent (Eckhart) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City, but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker (Ledger) who seeks to undermine Batman's influence and create chaos.", "Lana Del Rey __knowledge__ Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (born June 21, 1985), known professionally as Lana Del Rey, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and model.", "Lana Del Rey __knowledge__ Her music has been noted by critics for its stylized cinematic quality, its preoccupation with themes of tragic romance, glamour, and melancholia, and its references to pop culture, particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana.", "Lana Del Rey __knowledge__ Raised in northern New York state, Del Rey embarked on a music career in 2005 after moving to New York City, and first received widespread attention in 2011, when the music video for her single \"Video Games\" became a viral Internet sensation.", "Lost in Space __knowledge__ Lost in Space is an American science fiction television series created and produced by Irwin Allen.", "Lost in Space __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of a pioneering family of space colonists who struggle to survive in a strange and often hostile universe after their ship is sabotaged and thrown off course.", "Lost in Space __knowledge__ The show ran for three seasons, with 83 episodes airing between 1965 and 1968.", "Lost in Space __knowledge__ The first season was filmed in black and white, with the second and third seasons filmed in color.", "Lost in Space __knowledge__ Although the original concept (depicted in the unaired pilot episode) centered on the Robinson family, many later storylines focused primarily on Dr. Zachary Smith, played by Jonathan Harris.", "List of recurring Futurama characters __knowledge__ \"Futurama\" is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening and developed by Groening and David X. Cohen for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "List of recurring Futurama characters __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of a late-20th-century New York City pizza delivery boy, Philip J. Fry, who, after being unwittingly cryogenically frozen for one thousand years, finds employment at Planet Express, an interplanetary delivery company in the retro-futuristic 31st century.", "List of recurring Futurama characters __knowledge__ \"Futurama\" has eight main cast members and many other incidental characters.", "List of recurring Futurama characters __knowledge__ For an overview of the show's main characters, see the list of \"Futurama\" characters.", "ALF (TV series) __knowledge__ ALF is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 22, 1986, to March 24, 1990.", "ALF (TV series) __knowledge__ The title character is Gordon Shumway, a friendly extraterrestrial nicknamed ALF (an acronym for Alien Life Form), who crash lands in the garage of the suburban middle-class Tanner family.", "ALF (TV series) __knowledge__ The series stars Max Wright as father Willie Tanner, Anne Schedeen as mother Kate Tanner, and Andrea Elson and Benji Gregory as their children, Lynn and Brian Tanner.", "ALF (TV series) __knowledge__ ALF was performed by puppeteer Paul Fusco, who co-created the show with Tom Patchett.", "ALF (TV series) __knowledge__ Produced by Alien Productions, \"ALF\" originally ran for four seasons and produced 99 episodes, including three one-hour episodes that were divided into two parts for syndication, totaling 102 episodes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The Voice is an American reality television singing competition broadcast on NBC.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Based on the original \"The Voice of Holland\", the concept of the series is to find currently unsigned singing talent (solo or duets, professional and amateur) contested by aspiring singers, age 15 or over (reduced to 13 since season 12), drawn from public auditions.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winner is determined by television viewers voting by telephone, internet, SMS text, and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists' vocal performances.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They receive US$100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winners of the thirteen seasons have been: Javier Colon, Jermaine Paul, Cassadee Pope, Danielle Bradbery, Tessanne Chin, Josh Kaufman, Craig Wayne Boyd, Sawyer Fredericks, Jordan Smith, Alisan Porter, Sundance Head, Chris Blue and Chloe Kohanski.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They also compete to ensure that their act wins the competition, thus making them the winning coach.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Members of the coaching panel include Adam Levine, Blake Shelton, Christina Aguilera (seasons 1–3, 5, 8, 10), CeeLo Green (seasons 1–3, and 5), Shakira (seasons 4 and 6), Usher (seasons 4 and 6), Gwen Stefani (seasons 7, 9, and 12), Pharrell Williams (seasons 7–10), Miley Cyrus (seasons 11 and 13), Alicia Keys (seasons 11–12, and 14), and Jennifer Hudson (season 13).", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Reality television __knowledge__ Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents supposedly unscripted real-life situations, and often features an otherwise unknown cast of individuals who are typically not professional actors, although in some shows celebrities may participate.", "Reality television __knowledge__ It differs from documentary television in that the focus tends to be on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment rather than educating viewers.", "Reality television __knowledge__ An early term for the format was \"docu-soap\".", "Reality television __knowledge__ The genre has various standard tropes, including \"confessionals\" (also called \"talking heads\" or \"interview segments\") used by cast members to express their thoughts, which often double as the shows' narration.", "NBC __knowledge__ The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast.", "NBC __knowledge__ The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles (at 10 Universal City Plaza), and Chicago (at the NBC Tower).", "NBC __knowledge__ The network is part of the Big Three television networks.", "NBC __knowledge__ NBC is sometimes referred to as the \"Peacock Network\", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, introduced in 1956 to promote the company's innovations in early color broadcasting.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Fox Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ Fox Broadcasting Company (often shortened to Fox and stylized as FOX) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.", "Fox Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ The network is headquartered at the 20th Century Fox studio in Los Angeles, with additional major offices and production facilities at the Fox Television Center also in Los Angeles and the Fox Broadcasting Center in New York City.", "Fox Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ Launched on October 9, 1986, as a competitor to the Big Three television networks (ABC, NBC and CBS), Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ Dato' Sri, or occasionally Datin Sri, Siti Nurhaliza binti Tarudin (Jawi: سيتي نورهاليزا بنت تارودين ; IPA: ; born 11 January 1979) is a Malaysian singer and businesswoman.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ To date, she has garnered more than 200 local and international awards.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ She made her debut after she won a popular local singing competition show Bintang HMI in 1995 when she was only 16.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ Her debut single, \"Jerat Percintaan\", won the 11th Anugerah Juara Lagu and another two awards for Best Performance and Best Ballad.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ The album itself as of 2005, has been sold to a total of more than 800,000 units in Malaysia alone.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ In her career she has recorded and sung in multiple languages, including Malaysian, Javanese, English, Mandarin, Arabic, Urdu and Japanese.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E!", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ cable network.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The fourteenth season premiered on October 1, 2017.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner.", "Telemundo __knowledge__ Telemundo () is an American Spanish-language terrestrial television network owned by Comcast through the NBCUniversal division NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises.", "Telemundo __knowledge__ It is the second largest provider of Spanish-language content nationwide behind American competitor Univision, with programming syndicated worldwide to more than 100 countries in over 35 languages.", "Telemundo __knowledge__ The channel broadcasts programs and original content aimed at Hispanic and Latino American audiences in the United States and worldwide, consisting of telenovelas, sports, reality television, news programming, and films — either imported or Spanish-dubbed." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The Voice is an American reality television singing competition broadcast on NBC.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Based on the original \"The Voice of Holland\", the concept of the series is to find currently unsigned singing talent (solo or duets, professional and amateur) contested by aspiring singers, age 15 or over (reduced to 13 since season 12), drawn from public auditions.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winner is determined by television viewers voting by telephone, internet, SMS text, and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists' vocal performances.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They receive US$100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winners of the thirteen seasons have been: Javier Colon, Jermaine Paul, Cassadee Pope, Danielle Bradbery, Tessanne Chin, Josh Kaufman, Craig Wayne Boyd, Sawyer Fredericks, Jordan Smith, Alisan Porter, Sundance Head, Chris Blue and Chloe Kohanski.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They also compete to ensure that their act wins the competition, thus making them the winning coach.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Members of the coaching panel include Adam Levine, Blake Shelton, Christina Aguilera (seasons 1–3, 5, 8, 10), CeeLo Green (seasons 1–3, and 5), Shakira (seasons 4 and 6), Usher (seasons 4 and 6), Gwen Stefani (seasons 7, 9, and 12), Pharrell Williams (seasons 7–10), Miley Cyrus (seasons 11 and 13), Alicia Keys (seasons 11–12, and 14), and Jennifer Hudson (season 13).", "List of Eureka Seven characters __knowledge__ The Eureka Seven anime and manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Bones.", "List of Eureka Seven characters __knowledge__ The central protagonist of the series is Renton Thurston, a young boy who joins the renegade group Gekkostate to fight against the U.F.", "List of Eureka Seven characters __knowledge__ Force, led by Dewey Novak.", "List of Eureka Seven characters __knowledge__ In naming the characters, writer Dai Sato drew inspiration from club bands and the music culture of his generation.", "List of Eureka Seven characters __knowledge__ He said, \"The youngest generation is represented by references to dance music, techno, and house.", "List of Eureka Seven characters __knowledge__ Hip hop represents the next generation, and rock represents the oldest generation.” Although the show is primarily targeted towards the kid demographic, he hoped to draw in some viewers who might have hung out at clubs at night.", "First Stadtholderless Period __knowledge__ The First Stadtholderless Period or Era (1650–72; ) is the period in the history of the Dutch Republic in which the office of a Stadtholder was absent in five of the seven Dutch provinces (the provinces of Friesland and Groningen, however, retained their customary stadtholder from the cadet branch of the House of Orange).", "First Stadtholderless Period __knowledge__ It happened to coincide with the period when it reached the zenith of its economic, military and political Golden Age.", "First Stadtholderless Period __knowledge__ The term has acquired a negative connotation in 19th-century Orangist Dutch historiography, but whether such a negative view is justified is debatable.", "First Stadtholderless Period __knowledge__ Republicans argue that the Dutch state functioned very well under the regime of Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt, despite the fact that it was forced to fight two major wars with England, and several minor wars with other European powers.", "Politics and government of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ The Dutch Republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands.", "Politics and government of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ These latter were governed directly by the States-General (\"Staten-Generaal\" in Dutch), the federal government.", "Politics and government of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ The States-General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces.", "Politics and government of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ When several provinces and cities in rebellion against Philip II of Spain declared themselves independent in 1581 with the Act of Abjuration, they initially aspired to appoint another prince as head of state.", "Politics and government of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ The sovereignty of the provinces was first offered to Francis, Duke of Anjou, but his 1583 coup d'état was foiled and he was ousted.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 1985, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ They were all introduced by executive producer Julia Smith.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ The first episode of \"EastEnders\" was broadcast on 19 February 1985, and twenty-three main characters were already created for their first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ The first character to be seen was Den Watts, followed by Ali Osman and then Arthur Fowler, all of whom find Reg Cox dying in his flat.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ Ethel Skinner, Harold Legg and Pauline Fowler appear, after Den alerts them of Reg's death.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ With Ethel is her pug Willy along with Lou Beale.", "Charles Holland (cyclist) __knowledge__ Charles Holland (20 September 1908 – 15 December 1989) was a British road bicycle racer.", "Charles Holland (cyclist) __knowledge__ He was one of the first two Britons to ride the Tour de France.", "Charles Holland (cyclist) __knowledge__ Holland was one of four brothers from Aldridge, in the English Midlands, a brown-eyed, black-haired man who excelled at sport from his youth.", "Charles Holland (cyclist) __knowledge__ He played cricket for a local side which included Dr. V. E. Milne, who also played cricket for Scotland and soccer for Aston Villa.", "Charles Holland (cyclist) __knowledge__ Holland hoped to play cricket for Warwickshire and he had a soccer trial for Aston Villa.", "Charles Holland (cyclist) __knowledge__ His father belonged to Walsall Polytechnic Cycling Club, and held the Walsall–Matlock record.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ The history of the Netherlands is the history of seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ Records begin with the four centuries during which the region formed a militarized border zone of the Roman empire.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ This came under increasing pressure from Germanic peoples moving westwards.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ As Roman power collapsed and the Middle Ages began, three dominant Germanic peoples coalesced in the area, Frisians in the north and coastal areas, Low Saxons in the northeast, and the Franks in the south.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ During the Middle Ages, the descendants of the Carolingian dynasty came to dominate the area and then extended their rule to a large part of Western Europe.", "I'm with You World Tour __knowledge__ The I'm with You World Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock band, the Red Hot Chili Peppers in support of the band's tenth studio album, \"I'm with You\".", "I'm with You World Tour __knowledge__ It marked the band's first tour in four years and first with guitarist Josh Klinghoffer, who replaced John Frusciante in 2009.", "I'm with You World Tour __knowledge__ The band was also joined for the first time by backing musicians Mauro Refosco (percussion) and Chris Warren (keyboards).", "I'm with You World Tour __knowledge__ The first North American leg of the tour was briefly postponed due to a leg injury suffered by singer Anthony Kiedis which required surgery.", "I'm with You World Tour __knowledge__ Klinghoffer also broke his foot during the tour; however, no dates were cancelled due to his injury.", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ Peste Noire, taking their name from the Black Plague, is a black metal band from La Chaise-Dieu, France.", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ It was formed by La sale Famine de Valfunde in 2000.", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ Their music utilises standard black metal elements mixed with more traditional Gallic instrumentation.", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ The band is sometimes referred to as P.N.", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ or K.P.N (Kommando Peste Noire).", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ According to Famine, they do not play \"National Socialist Black Metal\".", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ Peste Noire was created by La sale Famine de Valfunde (i.e.", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ \"The filthy Famine of Valfunde\") in Avignon in 2000, initially under the name Dor Daedeloth.", "Peste Noire __knowledge__ Neige (Alcest), who played in the band's first eight years of existence, joined him on drums.", "TV3 (Ireland) __knowledge__ TV3 is a commercial free-to-air television channel operated within Ireland by the TV3 Group operated by Virgin Media Ireland and owned by Liberty Global.", "TV3 (Ireland) __knowledge__ The channel launched on 20 September 1998 becoming the Republic of Ireland's first commercial television channel.", "TV3 (Ireland) __knowledge__ In October 1988, the Independent Radio and Television Commission (IRTC) was set up to regulate new independent stations.", "TV3 (Ireland) __knowledge__ Following this TV3 was intended to be the Republic of Ireland's third terrestrial channel.", "TV3 (Ireland) __knowledge__ The original broadcasting licence was granted to a consortium \"Tullamore Beta Ltd\" in 1990 (some of this consortium made up of Windmill Lane Productions and Paul McGuinness).", "La Peste Negra __knowledge__ La Peste Negra (Spanish for \"The Black Plague\") is a Mexican \"lucha libre\" (professional wrestling) \"rudo\", or villainous, group also known as a stable that works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL).", "La Peste Negra __knowledge__ The core of the group is the Casas wrestling family, which includes members Negro Casas and El Felino and former members Heavy Metal and Princesa Blanca.", "La Peste Negra __knowledge__ The group is rounded out by Mr. Niebla and rookies Bárbaro Cavernario and Herodes, Jr..", "La Peste Negra __knowledge__ The group was founded in July 2008 when Mr. Niebla returned to CMLL after working for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) and has consistently been used at the main event and semi-main event level in CMLL." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The Voice is an American reality television singing competition broadcast on NBC.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Based on the original \"The Voice of Holland\", the concept of the series is to find currently unsigned singing talent (solo or duets, professional and amateur) contested by aspiring singers, age 15 or over (reduced to 13 since season 12), drawn from public auditions.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winner is determined by television viewers voting by telephone, internet, SMS text, and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists' vocal performances.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They receive US$100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winners of the thirteen seasons have been: Javier Colon, Jermaine Paul, Cassadee Pope, Danielle Bradbery, Tessanne Chin, Josh Kaufman, Craig Wayne Boyd, Sawyer Fredericks, Jordan Smith, Alisan Porter, Sundance Head, Chris Blue and Chloe Kohanski.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They also compete to ensure that their act wins the competition, thus making them the winning coach.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Members of the coaching panel include Adam Levine, Blake Shelton, Christina Aguilera (seasons 1–3, 5, 8, 10), CeeLo Green (seasons 1–3, and 5), Shakira (seasons 4 and 6), Usher (seasons 4 and 6), Gwen Stefani (seasons 7, 9, and 12), Pharrell Williams (seasons 7–10), Miley Cyrus (seasons 11 and 13), Alicia Keys (seasons 11–12, and 14), and Jennifer Hudson (season 13).", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "GP3 Series __knowledge__ The GP3 Series, or GP3 for short, is a single seater motor racing series launched in 2010 as a feeder series for the GP2 Series, introduced by GP2 organiser Bruno Michel.", "GP3 Series __knowledge__ GP3 follows the entire European leg of the Formula One series and the GP2 (now Formula 2) series as a support race for the two.", "GP3 Series __knowledge__ In 2012, the series visited the Monaco street circuit after 2 years of attempts, as they were always unable to beforehand due to lack of room.", "GP3 Series __knowledge__ Like the GP2 series, GP3 gives drivers the experience of the Grand Prix environment, and takes advantage of the infrastructure, such as marshals and medical facilities, in place for the Formula One events.", "Relocation of sports teams in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Relocation of professional sports teams in the United Kingdom is a practice which involves a sports team moving from one metropolitan area to another, although occasionally moves between municipalities in the same conurbation are also included.", "Relocation of sports teams in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ For relocations in other part of the world see \"Relocation of professional sports teams\".", "Relocation of sports teams in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In British sport, the relocation of teams away from their traditional districts is unusual because of the nature of the relationship between clubs and their fans: the local football club is regarded by most English football supporters as part of the local identity and social fabric rather than as a business that can be transplanted by its owners at will.", "GFK Tikvesh __knowledge__ GFK Tikvesh 1930 (), commonly referred to as Tikvesh, is a professional football club from Kavadarci, Republic of Macedonia, that currently competes in the Macedonian Second League.", "GFK Tikvesh __knowledge__ Their home ground since 19 March 1950 has been Gradski Stadion Kavadarci.", "GFK Tikvesh __knowledge__ Tikvesh had won the Macedonian Republic League twice (1971–72; 1977–78), and they have competed in the Yugoslav Second League for five season (1955–56; 1968–69; 1969–70; 1972–73; 1978–79).", "GFK Tikvesh __knowledge__ Tikvesh was a founding member of the Macedonian First League.", "GFK Tikvesh __knowledge__ The club's traditional colours are red and white, and they are nicknamed the Winegrowers.", "GFK Tikvesh __knowledge__ Tikvesh was founded on 21 December 1930 by a group of young enthusiasts who held their meeting in the Balkan restaurant in Kavadarci.", "Shakespeare in the Park festivals __knowledge__ Shakespeare in the Park is a term for outdoor festivals featuring productions of William Shakespeare's plays.", "Shakespeare in the Park festivals __knowledge__ The term originated with the New York Shakespeare Festival in New York City's Central Park, originally created by Joseph Papp.", "Shakespeare in the Park festivals __knowledge__ This concept has been adapted by many theatre companies, and over time, this name has expanded to encompass outdoor theatre productions of the playwright's works performed all over the world.", "Shakespeare in the Park festivals __knowledge__ Shakespeare in the Park started as an idea to make theatre available to people of all walks of life, so that it would be as readily available as library books.", "Shakespeare in the Park festivals __knowledge__ The performances are more often than not free admission to the general public, usually presented outdoors as a summer event.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ The Taggerung is a fantasy novel by Brian Jacques, published in 2001.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ It is the 14th book in the \"Redwall\" series.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ Sawney Rath, ferret chief of the Juska tribe is hatching a plan.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ His seer has prophesized that a Taggerung has been born, a legendary creature with extraordinary fighting skills – superior to all others in strength, fleetness of foot and stealth.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ Sawney is determined to hunt the babe down, raise him as his own and bring glory to the Juska clan.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ But there is more.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ The seer has seen a hawk strike a dove in the air, their cries giving out a bell-like sound.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ Sawney demands to know what this omen means.", "Sverre Andersen __knowledge__ Sverre Andersen (9 October 1936 – 1 November 2016) was a Norwegian footballer.", "Sverre Andersen __knowledge__ He made his debut for Viking FK in 1952 as a goalkeeper, and played his last game in 1971.", "Sverre Andersen __knowledge__ He played a total of 482 games for Viking (262 in Norwegian league).", "Sverre Andersen __knowledge__ For many years, he was considered the best goalkeeper in Norway.", "Sverre Andersen __knowledge__ He won goalkeeper of the year in 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1968 in the VG Awards.", "Sverre Andersen __knowledge__ Sverre Andersen made his Norway debut on 30 June 1954 when he played for the U19 in a game against Denmark in Odense.", "Sverre Andersen __knowledge__ On 19 September he made his debut for U21 in a game against Sweden.", "Sverre Andersen __knowledge__ He played a total of 3 games for the U21s.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Universal Music Group __knowledge__ Universal Music Group (also known in the United States as UMG Recordings, Inc. and abbreviated as UMG) is an American global music corporation that is a subsidiary of the French media conglomerate Vivendi.", "Universal Music Group __knowledge__ UMG's global corporate headquarters are located in Santa Monica, California.", "Universal Music Group __knowledge__ It is considered one of the \"Big Three\" record labels, along with Sony Music and Warner Music Group.", "Universal Music Group __knowledge__ Universal Music was once the record company attached to film studio Universal Pictures.", "Universal Music Group __knowledge__ The company's origins go back to the formation of the American branch of Decca Records in September 1934.", "Universal Music Group __knowledge__ The Decca Record Co. Ltd. of England spun American Decca off in 1939.", "Warner Music Group __knowledge__ Warner Music Group (abbreviated as WMG, commonly referred to as Warner Music or WEA International) is an American multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate headquartered in New York City.", "Warner Music Group __knowledge__ It is one of the \"big three\" recording companies and the third largest in the global music industry, next to Universal Music Group (UMG) and Sony Music Entertainment (SME), being the only American worldwide music conglomerate.", "Warner Music Group __knowledge__ Formerly owned by Time Warner, the company was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange until May 2011, when it announced its privatization and sale to Access Industries, which was completed in July 2011.", "EMI __knowledge__ EMI (officially EMI Group Limited, originally an initialism for Electric and Musical Industries and often known as EMI Records and EMI Music) was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London.", "EMI __knowledge__ At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry and was one of the big four record companies (now the big three).", "EMI __knowledge__ Its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records.", "EMI __knowledge__ EMI also had a major publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing—also based in London with offices globally.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ Warner Bros. Records Inc. is an American major record label established in 1958 as the foundation label of the present-day Warner Music Group (WMG), and now operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of that corporation.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19, 1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros.. For most of its early existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a convoluted series of corporate mergers and acquisitions from the early 1960s to the early 2000s.", "Music industry __knowledge__ The music industry consists of the companies and individuals that earn money by creating new songs and pieces and selling live concerts and shows, audio and video recordings, compositions and sheet music, and the organizations and associations that aid and represent creators.", "Music industry __knowledge__ Among the many individuals and organizations that operate in the industry are: the songwriters and composers who create new songs and musical pieces; the singers, musicians, conductors and bandleaders who perform the music; the companies and professionals who create and sell recorded music and/or sheet music (e.g., music publishers, music producers, recording studios, engineers, record labels, retail and online music stores, performance rights organizations); and those that help organize and present live music performances (sound engineers, booking agents, promoters, music venues, road crew).", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The Voice is an American reality television singing competition broadcast on NBC.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Based on the original \"The Voice of Holland\", the concept of the series is to find currently unsigned singing talent (solo or duets, professional and amateur) contested by aspiring singers, age 15 or over (reduced to 13 since season 12), drawn from public auditions.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winner is determined by television viewers voting by telephone, internet, SMS text, and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists' vocal performances.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They receive US$100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The winners of the thirteen seasons have been: Javier Colon, Jermaine Paul, Cassadee Pope, Danielle Bradbery, Tessanne Chin, Josh Kaufman, Craig Wayne Boyd, Sawyer Fredericks, Jordan Smith, Alisan Porter, Sundance Head, Chris Blue and Chloe Kohanski.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ They also compete to ensure that their act wins the competition, thus making them the winning coach.", "The Voice (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Members of the coaching panel include Adam Levine, Blake Shelton, Christina Aguilera (seasons 1–3, 5, 8, 10), CeeLo Green (seasons 1–3, and 5), Shakira (seasons 4 and 6), Usher (seasons 4 and 6), Gwen Stefani (seasons 7, 9, and 12), Pharrell Williams (seasons 7–10), Miley Cyrus (seasons 11 and 13), Alicia Keys (seasons 11–12, and 14), and Jennifer Hudson (season 13).", "American Idol __knowledge__ American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America.", "American Idol __knowledge__ It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, and ended its first run on April 7, 2016.", "American Idol __knowledge__ On March 11, 2018, the show will make its debut on ABC.", "American Idol __knowledge__ It started off as an addition to the \"Idols\" format based on the British series \"Pop Idol\", and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television.", "American Idol __knowledge__ The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents, with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones, Internet, and SMS text voting.", "Australia's Got Talent __knowledge__ Australia's Got Talent is an Australian reality television talent show which premiered on 18 February 2007 on the Seven Network.", "Australia's Got Talent __knowledge__ The show is based on the \"Got Talent\" series format that originated in the United Kingdom with Simon Cowell.", "Australia's Got Talent __knowledge__ The original judges were Tom Burlinson, Red Symons and Dannii Minogue.", "Australia's Got Talent __knowledge__ Burlinson and Symons did not return for season four and were replaced by Brian McFadden and Kyle Sandilands.", "Australia's Got Talent __knowledge__ Dawn French, Timomatic and Geri Halliwell joined the panel in season seven as replacements for McFadden and Minogue.", "Australia's Got Talent __knowledge__ All four judges from season seven will be replaced by Kelly Osbourne, Ian \"Dicko\" Dickson, Sophie Monk and Eddie Perfect in season eight.", "Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd __knowledge__ Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd, commonly known as the Engineers case, was a landmark decision by the High Court of Australia on 31 August 1920.", "Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd __knowledge__ The immediate issue concerned the Commonwealth's power under s51(xxxv) of the Constitution but the Court did not confine itself to that question, using the opportunity to roam broadly over constitutional interpretation.", "Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd __knowledge__ Widely regarded as one of the most important cases ever decided by the High Court of Australia, it swept away the earlier doctrines of implied intergovernmental immunities and reserved State powers, thus paving the way for fundamental changes in the nature of federalism in Australia.", "Remee __knowledge__ Mikkel Johan Imer Sigvardt (Frederiksberg, 8 November 1974) better known as Remee, is a Danish producer, composer and songwriter.", "Remee __knowledge__ Throughout his career Remee has written more than 60 hits around the world and has sold over 25 million records.", "Remee __knowledge__ He has co-written several songs with Thomas Troelsen.", "Remee __knowledge__ In 2003, he helped write Jamelia's international hit \"Superstar\", which was originally released by Danish singer Christine Milton, and won him a British Ivor Novello Award.", "Remee __knowledge__ Later that year, he co-hosted the first Junior Eurovision Song Contest alongside Camilla Ottesen.", "Remee __knowledge__ In 2005, Remee and Nicolai Seebach and Rasmus Seebach composed the tribute song for the victims of the Boxing Day tsunami.", "Judgment of Paris (wine) __knowledge__ The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 — known as the Judgment of Paris — was a wine competition organized in Paris on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier, a British wine merchant, in which French judges carried out two blind tasting comparisons: one of top-quality Chardonnays and another of red wines (Bordeaux wines from France and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from California).", "Judgment of Paris (wine) __knowledge__ A Californian wine rated best in each category, which caused surprise as France was generally regarded as being the foremost producer of the world's best wines.", "Judgment of Paris (wine) __knowledge__ Spurrier sold only French wine and believed that the California wines would not win.", "MasterChef Australia __knowledge__ MasterChef Australia is a Logie Award-winning Australian reality competitive cooking game show based on the original British \"MasterChef\".", "MasterChef Australia __knowledge__ It is produced by Shine Australia and screens on Network Ten.", "MasterChef Australia __knowledge__ Restaurateur and chef Gary Mehigan, chef George Calombaris and food critic Matt Preston serve as the show's main judges.", "MasterChef Australia __knowledge__ Journalist Sarah Wilson hosted the first series, however her role was dropped at the end of the series.", "MasterChef Australia __knowledge__ The first episode aired on 27 April 2009, and the series one finale was broadcast on 19 July 2009.", "MasterChef Australia __knowledge__ The first winner of MasterChef Australia was Julie Goodwin, a 38-year-old Central Coast I.T.", "High Court of Australia __knowledge__ The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia.", "High Court of Australia __knowledge__ It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the States, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia thereby powerfully shaping the development of federalism in Australia.", "High Court of Australia __knowledge__ The High Court is mandated by section 71 of the Constitution, which vests in it the judicial power of the Commonwealth of Australia.", "High Court of Australia __knowledge__ The Court was constituted by, and its first members were appointed under, the Judiciary Act 1903.", "History of the Indianapolis Colts __knowledge__ The Indianapolis Colts are a professional American football team based in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "History of the Indianapolis Colts __knowledge__ They play in the South Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL).", "History of the Indianapolis Colts __knowledge__ The organization began play in 1953 as the Baltimore Colts with the team located in Baltimore, Maryland; it relocated to Indianapolis following the 1983 season.", "History of the Indianapolis Colts __knowledge__ Carroll Rosenbloom brought an NFL franchise to Baltimore in 1953 and owned the team until 1972 when he traded the franchise to Robert Irsay.", "History of the Indianapolis Colts __knowledge__ The Baltimore Colts won the NFL Championship in 1958, 1959 and 1968, with the Colts losing to the New York Jets in Super Bowl III.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles football __knowledge__ The Eastern Michigan Eagles are a college football program at Eastern Michigan University.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles football __knowledge__ They compete in Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) and the Mid-American Conference.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles football __knowledge__ Past names include Michigan State Normal College Normalites (1899 to 1928), Michigan State Normal College Hurons (1929 to 1955), and Eastern Michigan Hurons (1956 to 1990).", "Eastern Michigan Eagles football __knowledge__ Since 1891, Eastern Michigan University has compiled an all-time record of 428-519-47, fielding a team in each year except 1944.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles football __knowledge__ The team has achieved five undefeated seasons, in 1906, 1925, 1927, 1943 (holding opponents scoreless), and 1945 and eight winless seasons, in 1891, 1910, 1941, 1949, 1960, 1961, 1981 and 2009.", "Chuck Howley __knowledge__ Charles Louis \"Chuck\" Howley (born June 28, 1936) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 15 seasons, primarily with the Dallas Cowboys.", "Chuck Howley __knowledge__ Howley was a member of the Chicago Bears in his first two seasons and spent the remainder of his career with the Cowboys.", "Chuck Howley __knowledge__ He was named the MVP of Super Bowl V and is the only player on a losing team to receive the award.", "Chuck Howley __knowledge__ Born and raised in Wheeling, West Virginia, Howley attended Warwood High School and graduated in 1954.", "Chuck Howley __knowledge__ He lettered in football, High school basketball, and baseball.", "Chuck Howley __knowledge__ In football, he was first team all-state and all-OVAC as a senior.", "Worthing United F.C. __knowledge__ Worthing United Football Club is a football club based in Worthing, England.", "Worthing United F.C. __knowledge__ They are currently members of the and play at the Robert Albon Memorial Ground.", "Worthing United F.C. __knowledge__ The club was originally called Wigmore Athletic and were one of the founder members of Division Two of the Sussex County Football League for the 1952–53 season.", "Worthing United F.C. __knowledge__ The first season in the league brought instant success as they finished as Champions and gained promotion to Division one.", "Worthing United F.C. __knowledge__ The club then spent the next thirteen seasons in Division one during which time they won the league cup in the 1959–60 season.", "Worthing United F.C. __knowledge__ This period also saw the club make their debut in the FA Cup, where they met Arundel in the Preliminary qualifying round, but were beaten 4–0.", "1915 Detroit Tigers season __knowledge__ The 1915 Detroit Tigers won a then club-record 100 games and narrowly lost the American League pennant to the Boston Red Sox, who won 101 games.", "1915 Detroit Tigers season __knowledge__ Though four other Tigers teams have won 100 games (1934, 1961, 1968, and 1984), only the 1934 Tigers had a better winning percentage.", "1915 Detroit Tigers season __knowledge__ The 1915 Detroit Tigers team is remembered for its all-star outfield of Ty Cobb, Sam Crawford, and Bobby Veach—who finished #1, #2, and #3 in the American League in both runs batted in and total bases.", "1915 Detroit Tigers season __knowledge__ Baseball historian Bill James ranks the Tigers' 1915 outfield as the best in major league history.", "1915 Detroit Tigers season __knowledge__ The 1915 Tigers' winning percentage of .649 ranks as the 2nd best in team history, as follows: Catcher Oscar Stanage was a weak hitter but one of the best defensive catchers of the deadball era.", "Rayfield Wright __knowledge__ Larry Rayfield Wright (born August 23, 1945) is a former American football player, an offensive tackle for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League for thirteen seasons and a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 2006.", "Rayfield Wright __knowledge__ Nicknamed the \"Big Cat\" for his nimble feet, Wright played on five NFC Championship teams that advanced to the Super Bowl (1970, 1971, 1975, 1977, and 1978 seasons), winning twice.", "Rayfield Wright __knowledge__ He also participated in the Ice Bowl against the Green Bay Packers for the NFL championship in his rookie season in 1967.", "Rayfield Wright __knowledge__ Born and raised in Griffin, Georgia, Wright attended Fairmont High School, which was merged with Griffin High School." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 ]

[ "The singing competition American reality series on NBC? I've seen it.", "Well it was based on a show called \"the Voice of Holland\"", "I actually don't know but apparently the winners receive $100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group!", "So far there have been thirteen seasons", "I believe they were Adam Levine, Blake Shelton, Christina Aguilera, and CeeLo Green" ]

[ "The Voice (U.S. TV series)", "The Voice (U.S. TV series)", "The Voice (U.S. TV series)", "The Voice (U.S. TV series)", "The Voice (U.S. TV series)" ]

[ "Sex change", "As in.. sexual orientation or like in what context?", "Oh okay. It happens naturally over time? Would it be because of biological factors or a result of the environment?", "What different categories are they? Sorry I don't know a whole lot about this and am very curious!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sex change __knowledge__ Sex change is a process by which a person or animal changes sex – that is, by which female sexual characteristics are substituted for male ones, or vice versa.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Sex change may occur naturally, as in the case of the sequential hermaphroditism observed in some species.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Most commonly, however, the term is used for sex reassignment therapy, including sex reassignment surgery, carried out on humans.", "Sex change __knowledge__ It is also sometimes used for the medical procedures applied to intersex people.", "Sex change __knowledge__ The term may also be applied to the broader process of changing gender role (\"living as a woman\" instead of living as a man, or vice versa), including but not necessarily limited to medical procedures.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Some species exhibit sequential hermaphroditism.", "Sex change __knowledge__ In these species, such as many species of coral reef fishes, sex change is a normal anatomical process.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Clownfish, wrasses, moray eels, gobies and other fish species are known to change sex, including reproductive functions.", "Sex change __knowledge__ A school of clownfish is always built into a hierarchy with a female fish at the top.", "Sex change __knowledge__ When she dies, the most dominant male changes sex and takes her place.", "Sex change __knowledge__ In the wrasses (the family Labridae), sex change is from female to male, with the largest female of the harem changing into a male and taking over the harem upon the disappearance of the previous dominant male." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sex change __knowledge__ Sex change is a process by which a person or animal changes sex – that is, by which female sexual characteristics are substituted for male ones, or vice versa.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Sex change may occur naturally, as in the case of the sequential hermaphroditism observed in some species.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Most commonly, however, the term is used for sex reassignment therapy, including sex reassignment surgery, carried out on humans.", "Sex change __knowledge__ It is also sometimes used for the medical procedures applied to intersex people.", "Sex change __knowledge__ The term may also be applied to the broader process of changing gender role (\"living as a woman\" instead of living as a man, or vice versa), including but not necessarily limited to medical procedures.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Some species exhibit sequential hermaphroditism.", "Sex change __knowledge__ In these species, such as many species of coral reef fishes, sex change is a normal anatomical process.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Clownfish, wrasses, moray eels, gobies and other fish species are known to change sex, including reproductive functions.", "Sex change __knowledge__ A school of clownfish is always built into a hierarchy with a female fish at the top.", "Sex change __knowledge__ When she dies, the most dominant male changes sex and takes her place.", "Sex change __knowledge__ In the wrasses (the family Labridae), sex change is from female to male, with the largest female of the harem changing into a male and taking over the harem upon the disappearance of the previous dominant male.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ These attractions are generally subsumed under heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality, while asexuality (the lack of sexual attraction to others) is sometimes identified as the fourth category.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ For example, people may use other labels, such as \"pansexual\" or \"polysexual\", or none at all.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions\".", "Sexual orientation change efforts __knowledge__ Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) are methods used in attempts to change the sexual orientation of homosexual and bisexual people to heterosexuality.", "Sexual orientation change efforts __knowledge__ They may include behavioral techniques, cognitive behavioral techniques, psychoanalytic techniques, medical approaches, religious and spiritual approaches, and, in some parts of the world, acts of sexual violence (\"corrective rape\").", "Sexual orientation change efforts __knowledge__ There are no studies of adequate scientific rigor to conclude whether or not such methods work to change sexual orientation.", "Sexual orientation change efforts __knowledge__ The longstanding consensus of the behavioral and social sciences, and the health and mental health professions is that homosexuality and bisexuality are \"per se\" normal and positive variations of human sexual orientation.", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is \"an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions\" to people of the same sex.", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ It \"also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions.\"", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ Along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual–homosexual continuum.", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ Scientists do not know exactly what determines an individual's sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, and do not view it as a choice.", "Sexual fluidity __knowledge__ Sexual fluidity is one or more changes in sexuality or sexual identity (sometimes known as sexual orientation identity).", "Sexual fluidity __knowledge__ There is significant debate over whether sexuality is stable throughout life or is fluid and malleable.", "Sexual fluidity __knowledge__ Scientific consensus is that sexual orientation, unlike sexual orientation identity, is not a choice.", "Sexual fluidity __knowledge__ While scientists generally believe that sexual orientation is usually stable (unlikely to change), sexual identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with biological sex, sexual behavior or actual sexual orientation. There is no consensus on the exact cause of developing a sexual orientation, but genetic, hormonal, social and cultural influences have been examined.", "Sexual Preference (book) __knowledge__ Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women (1981) is a book about the development of sexual orientation by the psychologist Alan P. Bell and the sociologists Martin S. Weinberg and Sue Kiefer Hammersmith, in which the authors reevaluate what were at the time of its publication widely held ideas about the origins of heterosexuality and homosexuality, sometimes rejecting entirely the factors proposed as causes, and in other cases concluding that their importance had been exaggerated.", "Sexual Preference (book) __knowledge__ Produced with the help of the American National Institute of Mental Health, the study was a publication of the Institute for Sex Research.", "Sexual orientation and gender identity in military service __knowledge__ LGBT personnel are able to serve in the armed forces of some countries around the world: the vast majority of industrialized, Western countries, in addition to Brazil, Chile, South Africa, Israel, and South Korea.", "Sexual orientation and gender identity in military service __knowledge__ This keeps pace with the latest global figures on acceptance of homosexuality, which suggest that tolerance of LGBT communities is becoming more widespread only in secular, affluent countries.", "Sexual orientation and gender identity in military service __knowledge__ However, an accepting policy toward gay and lesbian soldiers does not invariably guarantee that LGBT citizens are immune to discrimination in that particular society.", "Sexual orientation and gender identity in military service __knowledge__ Even in countries where LGBT persons are free to serve in the military, activists lament that there remains room for improvement.", "List of cities and counties in the United States offering an LGBT non-discrimination ordinance __knowledge__ A number of cities and counties in the United States have implemented non-discrimination laws for sexual orientation and/or gender identity.", "List of cities and counties in the United States offering an LGBT non-discrimination ordinance __knowledge__ As of October 25, 2017, at least 400 cities and counties prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees.", "List of cities and counties in the United States offering an LGBT non-discrimination ordinance __knowledge__ Most but not all of these cities and counties are located in states that have a statewide non-discrimination law for sexual orientation and/or gender identity.", "List of cities and counties in the United States offering an LGBT non-discrimination ordinance __knowledge__ The following three jurisdictions of North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas have state laws strictly prohibiting local or county LGBT discrimination ordinances within \"in the absence of a comparable state discrimination law\".", "Wallpaper group __knowledge__ A wallpaper group (or plane symmetry group or plane crystallographic group) is a mathematical classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern, based on the symmetries in the pattern.", "Wallpaper group __knowledge__ Such patterns occur frequently in architecture and decorative art.", "Wallpaper group __knowledge__ There are 17 possible distinct groups.", "Wallpaper group __knowledge__ Wallpaper groups are two-dimensional symmetry groups, intermediate in complexity between the simpler frieze groups and the three-dimensional space groups.", "Wallpaper group __knowledge__ Wallpaper groups categorize patterns by their symmetries.", "Wallpaper group __knowledge__ Subtle differences may place similar patterns in different groups, while patterns that are very different in style, color, scale or orientation may belong to the same group.", "Tube socket __knowledge__ Tube sockets are electrical sockets into which vacuum tubes (also known as valves) can be plugged, holding them in place and providing terminals, which can be soldered into the circuit, for each of the pins.", "Tube socket __knowledge__ Sockets are designed to allow tubes to be plugged in in only one orientation.", "Tube socket __knowledge__ They were used in all tube electronic equipment to allow tubes, which failed relatively frequently, to be quickly tested and replaced.", "Tube socket __knowledge__ In the day of tube radio and television it was common in the US for local drug stores to have vacuum tube testers, and sell replacement tubes.", "Tube socket __knowledge__ Throughout the tube era, as technology developed, sometimes differently in different parts of the world, many tube bases and sockets came into use.", "Goal orientation __knowledge__ Goal orientation is an \"individual disposition toward developing or validating one's ability in achievement settings\".", "Goal orientation __knowledge__ Previous research has examined goal orientation as a motivation variable useful for recruitment, climate and culture, performance appraisal, and selection.", "Goal orientation __knowledge__ Studies have also used goal orientation to predict sales performance, goal setting, learning and adaptive behaviors in training, and leadership.", "Goal orientation __knowledge__ Due to the many theoretical and practical applications of goal orientation, it is important to understand the construct and how it relates to other variables.", "Goal orientation __knowledge__ In this entry, goal orientation will be reviewed in terms of its history, stability, dimensionality, antecedents, its relationship to goal setting and consequences, its relevance to motivation, and future directions for research.", "Toilet paper orientation __knowledge__ Toilet paper when used with a toilet roll holder with a horizontal axle parallel to the floor and also parallel to the wall has two possible orientations: the toilet paper may hang \"over\" (in front of) or \"under\" (behind) the roll; if perpendicular to the wall, the two orientations are right-left or near-away.", "Toilet paper orientation __knowledge__ The choice is largely a matter of personal preference, dictated by habit.", "Toilet paper orientation __knowledge__ In surveys of US consumers and of bath and kitchen specialists, 60–70 percent of respondents prefer \"over\".", "Toilet paper orientation __knowledge__ While many people consider this topic unimportant, some hold strong opinions on the matter.", "Toilet paper orientation __knowledge__ Advice columnist Ann Landers said that the subject was the most responded to (15,000 letters in 1986) and controversial issue in her column's history.", "Tuas View __knowledge__ Tuas View is an industrial area in the south-westernmost region of Singapore.", "Tuas View __knowledge__ It is an entirely reclaimed land located to the south-west of Tuas Crescent and Tuas South Avenue 5.", "Tuas View __knowledge__ It is home to some of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies like GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer.", "Tuas View __knowledge__ The Tuas Marine Transfer Station located on the western shores will transport the island's incinerated wastes to Pulau Semakau for landfills.", "Tuas View __knowledge__ Furthermore, the world's largest tunnel for storage of oil is being built in the south of extension.", "Tuas View __knowledge__ Two of the four incinerators in Singapore are also located in Tuas View.", "Tuas View __knowledge__ Currently land reclamation is being carried out in the Southern side of Tuas View in which it will stretch near to the sea border with Indonesia and it will be the southernmost point of Singapore mainland.", "Axial precession __knowledge__ In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis.", "Axial precession __knowledge__ In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years.", "Axial precession __knowledge__ The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude.", "Axial precession __knowledge__ Earth's precession was historically called the precession of the equinoxes, because the equinoxes moved westward along the ecliptic relative to the fixed stars, opposite to the yearly motion of the Sun along the ecliptic.", "Sintering __knowledge__ Sintering is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction.", "Sintering __knowledge__ Sintering happens naturally in mineral deposits or as a manufacturing process used with metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials.", "Sintering __knowledge__ The atoms in the materials diffuse across the boundaries of the particles, fusing the particles together and creating one solid piece.", "Sintering __knowledge__ Because the sintering temperature does not have to reach the melting point of the material, sintering is often chosen as the shaping process for materials with extremely high melting points such as tungsten and molybdenum." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sex change __knowledge__ Sex change is a process by which a person or animal changes sex – that is, by which female sexual characteristics are substituted for male ones, or vice versa.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Sex change may occur naturally, as in the case of the sequential hermaphroditism observed in some species.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Most commonly, however, the term is used for sex reassignment therapy, including sex reassignment surgery, carried out on humans.", "Sex change __knowledge__ It is also sometimes used for the medical procedures applied to intersex people.", "Sex change __knowledge__ The term may also be applied to the broader process of changing gender role (\"living as a woman\" instead of living as a man, or vice versa), including but not necessarily limited to medical procedures.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Some species exhibit sequential hermaphroditism.", "Sex change __knowledge__ In these species, such as many species of coral reef fishes, sex change is a normal anatomical process.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Clownfish, wrasses, moray eels, gobies and other fish species are known to change sex, including reproductive functions.", "Sex change __knowledge__ A school of clownfish is always built into a hierarchy with a female fish at the top.", "Sex change __knowledge__ When she dies, the most dominant male changes sex and takes her place.", "Sex change __knowledge__ In the wrasses (the family Labridae), sex change is from female to male, with the largest female of the harem changing into a male and taking over the harem upon the disappearance of the previous dominant male.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "History of the race and intelligence controversy __knowledge__ The history of the race and intelligence controversy concerns the historical development of a debate, concerning possible explanations of group differences encountered in the study of race and intelligence.", "History of the race and intelligence controversy __knowledge__ Since the beginning of IQ testing around the time of World War I there have been observed differences between average scores of different population groups, but there has been no agreement about whether this is mainly due to environmental and cultural factors, or mainly due to some genetic factor, or even if the dichotomy between environmental and genetic factors is the most effectual approach to the debate.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ As defined by experts with a biomedical background, a mental disorder is \"a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.\"", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are generally complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ Although the causes of most mental disorders are unknown, it has been found that different biological, psychological, and environmental factors can all contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ These attractions are generally subsumed under heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality, while asexuality (the lack of sexual attraction to others) is sometimes identified as the fourth category.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ For example, people may use other labels, such as \"pansexual\" or \"polysexual\", or none at all.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions\".", "Sexual Preference (book) __knowledge__ Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women (1981) is a book about the development of sexual orientation by the psychologist Alan P. Bell and the sociologists Martin S. Weinberg and Sue Kiefer Hammersmith, in which the authors reevaluate what were at the time of its publication widely held ideas about the origins of heterosexuality and homosexuality, sometimes rejecting entirely the factors proposed as causes, and in other cases concluding that their importance had been exaggerated.", "Sexual Preference (book) __knowledge__ Produced with the help of the American National Institute of Mental Health, the study was a publication of the Institute for Sex Research.", "Human variability __knowledge__ Human variability, or human variation, is the range of possible values for any characteristic - physical or mental - of human beings.", "Human variability __knowledge__ Variation is inherent in all species, and is necessary to ensure diversity within the species, and thus the species’ survival over time.", "Human variability __knowledge__ There are conflicting views on the attitudes towards variability traits according to each society that is rooted in cultural taste or local traditions.", "Human variability __knowledge__ The variations that are often evaluated differently are mental abilities, body shape, and skin color.", "Human variability __knowledge__ These variations may come from genetics, in the form of heritable traits obtained from parents, or from the environment, a factor of both prenatal health and subsequent lifestyle choices.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ A correlation between fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation has been suggested by research.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ Ray Blanchard identified the association and referred to it as the fraternal birth order effect.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ In several studies, the observation is that the more older brothers a man has from the same mother, the greater the probability is that he will have a homosexual orientation.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ It has sometimes been called the \"older brother effect\".", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ It has been estimated that 15% of the homosexual demographic is associated with fraternal birth order.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ The fraternal birth order effect has been described by one of its proponents as \"the most consistent biodemographic correlate of sexual orientation in men\".", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is \"an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions\" to people of the same sex.", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ It \"also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions.\"", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ Along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual–homosexual continuum.", "Homosexuality __knowledge__ Scientists do not know exactly what determines an individual's sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, and do not view it as a choice.", "Heterosexuality __knowledge__ Heterosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between persons of the opposite sex or gender.", "Heterosexuality __knowledge__ As a sexual orientation, heterosexuality is \"an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions\" to persons of the opposite sex; it \"also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions.\"", "Heterosexuality __knowledge__ Along with bisexuality and homosexuality, heterosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual–homosexual continuum.", "Heterosexuality __knowledge__ Someone who is heterosexual is commonly referred to as \"straight.\"", "Bisexuality __knowledge__ Bisexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior toward both males and females, or romantic or sexual attraction to people of any sex or gender identity; this latter aspect is sometimes alternatively termed \"pansexuality.\"", "Bisexuality __knowledge__ The term \"bisexuality\" is mainly used in the context of human attraction to denote romantic or sexual feelings toward both men and women, and the concept is one of the three main classifications of sexual orientation along with heterosexuality and homosexuality, all of which exist on the heterosexual–homosexual continuum.", "Bisexuality __knowledge__ A bisexual identity does not necessarily equate to equal sexual attraction to both sexes; commonly, people who have a distinct but not exclusive sexual preference for one sex over the other also identify themselves as bisexual.", "Asexuality __knowledge__ Asexuality is the lack of sexual attraction to others, or low or absent interest in or desire for sexual activity.", "Asexuality __knowledge__ It may be considered the lack of a sexual orientation, or one of the variations thereof, alongside heterosexuality, homosexuality and bisexuality.", "Asexuality __knowledge__ It may also be an umbrella term used to categorize a broader spectrum of various asexual sub-identities.", "Asexuality __knowledge__ Asexuality is distinct from abstention from sexual activity and from celibacy, which are behavioral and generally motivated by factors such as an individual's personal or religious beliefs.", "Asexuality __knowledge__ Sexual orientation, unlike sexual behavior, is believed to be \"enduring\".", "Sexual orientation change efforts __knowledge__ Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) are methods used in attempts to change the sexual orientation of homosexual and bisexual people to heterosexuality.", "Sexual orientation change efforts __knowledge__ They may include behavioral techniques, cognitive behavioral techniques, psychoanalytic techniques, medical approaches, religious and spiritual approaches, and, in some parts of the world, acts of sexual violence (\"corrective rape\").", "Sexual orientation change efforts __knowledge__ There are no studies of adequate scientific rigor to conclude whether or not such methods work to change sexual orientation.", "Sexual orientation change efforts __knowledge__ The longstanding consensus of the behavioral and social sciences, and the health and mental health professions is that homosexuality and bisexuality are \"per se\" normal and positive variations of human sexual orientation.", "Neuroscience and sexual orientation __knowledge__ Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender.", "Neuroscience and sexual orientation __knowledge__ The ultimate causes and mechanisms of sexual orientation development in humans remain unclear and many theories are speculative and controversial.", "Neuroscience and sexual orientation __knowledge__ However, advances in neuroscience explain and illustrate characteristics linked to sexual orientation.", "Neuroscience and sexual orientation __knowledge__ Studies have explored structural neural-correlates, functional and/or cognitive relationships, and developmental theories relating to sexual orientation in humans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sex change __knowledge__ Sex change is a process by which a person or animal changes sex – that is, by which female sexual characteristics are substituted for male ones, or vice versa.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Sex change may occur naturally, as in the case of the sequential hermaphroditism observed in some species.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Most commonly, however, the term is used for sex reassignment therapy, including sex reassignment surgery, carried out on humans.", "Sex change __knowledge__ It is also sometimes used for the medical procedures applied to intersex people.", "Sex change __knowledge__ The term may also be applied to the broader process of changing gender role (\"living as a woman\" instead of living as a man, or vice versa), including but not necessarily limited to medical procedures.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Some species exhibit sequential hermaphroditism.", "Sex change __knowledge__ In these species, such as many species of coral reef fishes, sex change is a normal anatomical process.", "Sex change __knowledge__ Clownfish, wrasses, moray eels, gobies and other fish species are known to change sex, including reproductive functions.", "Sex change __knowledge__ A school of clownfish is always built into a hierarchy with a female fish at the top.", "Sex change __knowledge__ When she dies, the most dominant male changes sex and takes her place.", "Sex change __knowledge__ In the wrasses (the family Labridae), sex change is from female to male, with the largest female of the harem changing into a male and taking over the harem upon the disappearance of the previous dominant male.", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better __knowledge__ \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" is a song by the Los Angeles folk rock band the Byrds, first released in June 1965 on the B-side of the band's second single, \"All I Really Want to Do\".", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better __knowledge__ It was also included on the Byrds' debut album, \"Mr. Tambourine Man\".", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better __knowledge__ Written by Gene Clark, who also sings the lead vocal, \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" features some of the Byrds' early musical trademarks, including Jim McGuinn's jangling 12-string Rickenbacker guitar; Clark's pounding tambourine; McGuinn, Clark, and David Crosby's complex harmony singing; and a country-influenced guitar solo.", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better __knowledge__ Although it was initially released as a B-side, \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" was itself heavily promoted by Columbia Records during the time that \"All I Really Want to Do\" spent on the \"Billboard\" charts.", "Moscow Oblast __knowledge__ Moscow Oblast (), or Podmoskovye (, literally \"around/near Moscow\"), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).", "Moscow Oblast __knowledge__ With a population of 7,095,120 (2010 Census) living in an area of , it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and is the second most populous federal subject.", "Moscow Oblast __knowledge__ The oblast has no official administrative center; its public authorities are located in Moscow and across other locations in the oblast.", "Moscow Oblast __knowledge__ Moscow Oblast borders Tver Oblast in the northwest, Yaroslavl Oblast in the north, Vladimir Oblast in the northeast and east, Ryazan Oblast in the southeast, Tula Oblast in the south, Kaluga Oblast in the southwest, and Smolensk Oblast in the west.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ Sorry, Sorry is the third studio album by South Korean boy band Super Junior, released on March 12, 2009 in South Korea.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ \"Sorry, Sorry\" was a critically and commercially successful hit in Asia, becoming 2009's best-selling Korean-language album in South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, China, and the Philippines.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ In less than a week after pre-orders were announced, over 150,000 copies were pre-ordered.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ According to South Korea's Hanteo Charts, it debuted at 1st on the charts with almost 30,000 copies sold on the first day.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ The album won a Disk Daesang (Album of the Year) at the 2009 Golden Disk Awards.", "Categorical perception __knowledge__ Categorical perception is a phenomenon of perception of distinct categories when there is a gradual change in a variable along a continuum.", "Categorical perception __knowledge__ It was originally observed for auditory stimuli but now found to be applicable to other perceptual modalities.", "Categorical perception __knowledge__ And what about the very building blocks of the language we use to name categories: Are our speech-sounds —/ba/, /da/, /ga/ —innate or learned?", "Categorical perception __knowledge__ The first question we must answer about them is whether they are categorical categories at all, or merely arbitrary points along a continuum.", "Categorical perception __knowledge__ It turns out that if one analyzes the sound spectrogram of ba and pa, for example, both are found to lie along an acoustic continuum called \"voice-onset-time.\"", "Sorry I'm Late __knowledge__ Sorry I'm Late is the second studio album by English recording artist Cher Lloyd.", "Sorry I'm Late __knowledge__ It was released on 27 May 2014, by Epic Records, Syco Music, and Mr. Kanani.", "Sorry I'm Late __knowledge__ Lloyd herself co-wrote five songs on the album, working with new producers and songwriters such as Beth Ditto and Tove Lo.", "Sorry I'm Late __knowledge__ It is her last album released through Epic and Syco.", "Sorry I'm Late __knowledge__ \"Sorry I'm Late\" received generally positive reviews during its US release, with many critics praising Lloyd's personality and vulnerability on the album, and commenting on the maturity in comparison to her debut studio album, \"Sticks and Stones\" (2011).", "Sorry I'm Late __knowledge__ The album was preceded by the singles \"I Wish\" and \"Sirens\", both of which received equally positive reviews.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album, \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Written by Bieber, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, Sonny Moore, and Michael Tucker; the song was produced by Skrillex and BloodPop.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 23, 2015, as the second single from the album.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A dancehall-pop and tropical house song, \"Sorry\" contains in its instrumentation \"brassy horn bleats\", warm island rhythms and a dembow riddim beat.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Sorry\" is a plea for a chance to apologize to a lover, with Bieber asking forgiveness and a second chance to redeem himself.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song allegedly samples \"Ring The Bell\" by White Hinterland.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ These attractions are generally subsumed under heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality, while asexuality (the lack of sexual attraction to others) is sometimes identified as the fourth category.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ For example, people may use other labels, such as \"pansexual\" or \"polysexual\", or none at all.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions\".", "Vishwasam... Athallae Ellaam __knowledge__ Vishwasam... Athallae Ellaam is a 2015 Malayalam-language Indian feature film directed by Jayaraj Vijay for Flowers creations, starring Shine Tom Chacko, Ansiba Hassan and veteran actor Shankar in lead roles.", "Vishwasam... Athallae Ellaam __knowledge__ The film was released on 31 July 2015.", "Vishwasam... Athallae Ellaam __knowledge__ \"Vishwasam... Athallae Ellaam\" is the story of Jomon, an easygoing young man played by Shine Tom Chacko, and his frequent conflicts with his father Luka, a strict police commissioner played by veteran actor Shankar.", "Vishwasam... Athallae Ellaam __knowledge__ Jomon is a spoiled brat, who seldom knows how to lead a practical and successful life.", "Vishwasam... Athallae Ellaam __knowledge__ He believes that a person can amass wealth only using intelligence.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Social construction of gender __knowledge__ The social construction of gender is a theory in feminism, philosophy and sociology about the origin of gender difference between men and women.", "Social construction of gender __knowledge__ According to this view, society and culture create gender roles, and these roles are prescribed as ideal or appropriate behavior for a person of that specific sex.", "Social construction of gender __knowledge__ Some supporters of this theory argue that the differences in behavior between men and women are entirely social conventions, whereas others believe that behavior is influenced by universal biological factors to varying degrees, with social conventions having a major effect on gendered behavior.", "Tornado __knowledge__ A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.", "Tornado __knowledge__ They are often referred to as twisters, whirlwinds or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology to name a weather system with a low-pressure area in the center around which winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern.", "Tornado __knowledge__ Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, and they are often visible in the form of a condensation funnel originating from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud, with a cloud of rotating debris and dust beneath it.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law." ] ]

[ 2, 12, 24, 49 ]

[ "sometimes changing from one orientation to the other happens naturally", "yes sexual orientation that is a pattern of romantic attraction to another", "yes its broken up into categories that are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identiy", "Some people use labels which not all agree with such as \"pansexual\" or \"polysexual\"" ]

[ "Sex change", "Sex change", "Sex change", "Sex change" ]

[ "Grey's Anatomy", "I have seen it. I love it too. I have not watched it in a long time.", "I really like all the characters too. It makes me wonder if it's like that in any hospital for real." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The show was originally titled \"Complications\", a double-edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The series was designed to be racially diverse and used color-blind casting.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ It revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, first featured as an intern." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The show was originally titled \"Complications\", a double-edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The series was designed to be racially diverse and used color-blind casting.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ It revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, first featured as an intern.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ Margaret Ann \"Peggy\" Mitchell (also Butcher) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\".", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ Peggy was initially played by Jo Warne when she first appeared in the episode broadcast on 30 April 1991, featuring in 10 episodes.", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ Peggy was reintroduced in 1994, recast to Barbara Windsor, who made her first appearance in the episode broadcast on 7 November 1994.", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ Peggy became a regular character, and Windsor played the role until she was forced to take a long break due to poor health and departed on 23 May 2003.", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ She returned for two episodes broadcast on 16 and 17 September 2004, before rejoining as a regular character on 8 September 2005.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Salut D'Amour (; lit.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Love Greeting), despite its French name, is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from November 1, 1994 to April 25, 1995 for a total of twenty five episodes.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The theme of \"Salut D'Amour\", unlike later versions, are not interconnected to one another by episode.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode contains a separate but closely related theme.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The Episode starts with a documentary show on Korea during the war, Korea during the year he was born in (1975)-riots and crowded streets in South Korea.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The narrator talked about the population census taken on September 18, 1995.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The population stood at 37,680,000 male and female sex ratio (1740:1124, males to females), as well as family events in 1982.", "American Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of Disney–ABC Television Group, a subsidiary of the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.", "American Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City.", "American Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ There are additional major offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank, California.", "American Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ Since 2007, when ABC Radio (also known as Cumulus Media Networks) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television.", "Lost (TV series) __knowledge__ Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes.", "Lost (TV series) __knowledge__ The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner crash, flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, California, on a mysterious tropical island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean.", "Lost (TV series) __knowledge__ The story is told in a heavily serialized manner.", "Lost (TV series) __knowledge__ Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved character(s).", "Grey's Anatomy (season 11) __knowledge__ The eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\" premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 11) __knowledge__ The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 11) __knowledge__ The season commenced airing with the episode \"I Must Have Lost it on the Wind\" and concluded with the season finale \"You're My Home\" airing on May 14, 2015.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 11) __knowledge__ The season was officially released on DVD as a six-disc boxset under the title of \"Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season – Life Changes\" on August 18, 2015 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.", "Meredith Grey __knowledge__ Meredith Grey, M.D.", "Meredith Grey __knowledge__ is a fictional character from the medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\", which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States.", "Meredith Grey __knowledge__ The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Ellen Pompeo.", "Meredith Grey __knowledge__ Meredith is the series' protagonist and title character, and was introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital (later Seattle Grace-Mercy West, and afterwards Grey Sloan Memorial), eventually obtaining the position of a resident, and later the position of an attending, and in 2015, attaining the Chief of General Surgery position.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 2) __knowledge__ The second season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 25, 2005, and concluded on May 15, 2006.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 2) __knowledge__ The season was produced by Touchstone Television, in association with Shondaland production company and The Mark Gordon Company, the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 2) __knowledge__ Actors Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, and T.R.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 2) __knowledge__ Knight reprised their roles as surgical interns Meredith Grey, Cristina Yang, Izzie Stevens, Alex Karev, and George O'Malley, respectively.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 2) __knowledge__ Previous main cast members Chandra Wilson, James Pickens, Jr., Isaiah Washington, and Patrick Dempsey also returned, while Kate Walsh, who began the season in a recurring capacity, was promoted to series regular status, after appearing in seven episodes as a guest star.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The show was originally titled \"Complications\", a double-edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The series was designed to be racially diverse and used color-blind casting.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ It revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, first featured as an intern.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera that was first broadcast on 18 March 1985.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2011, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by the shows executive producer Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ The 27th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 11 January 2011.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ That same month saw Jack Finsterer join the cast as Garland Cole.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ Dieter Brummer made his first appearance as Troy Miller in May and Carolyn Johnstone, a new love interest for Harold Bishop, followed shortly after.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ivan DeMarco and Superintendent Duncan Hayes began appearing in June.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2012 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ He stepped down from the role in April.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ His last episode was on 13 July 2012.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ From 16 July, characters were introduced by his successor, Lorraine Newman.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was the undertaker, Les Coker.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first regular character to be announced was Ray Dixon, the father of Morgan Butcher, followed by Alice Branning, the daughter of Derek Branning and, Alice's brother, Joey.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ June 2012 also saw the first birth of the year: Janine Butcher and Michael Moon's daughter, Scarlett.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ \"Arrested Development\" is an American television sitcom that originally aired on the Fox network from November 2, 2003 to February 10, 2006.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ Created by Mitchell Hurwitz, the show centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and is presented in a continuous format, incorporating hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos, and historical footage.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ The series stars Jason Bateman, Portia de Rossi, Will Arnett, Michael Cera, Alia Shawkat, Tony Hale, David Cross, Jeffrey Tambor, and Jessica Walter.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs is an unincorporated community located in the southern portion of Morrow County, Oregon, United States.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs lies at the junction of Oregon Route 206, Oregon Route 207, Rhea Creek Road, and Upper Rhea Creek Road.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ The community is situated at an elevation of .", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ The community is named after Edward E. Rugg Jr., one of many in the Rugg family who were prominent farmers and ranchers in the area starting in the early 1900s.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs also at times has been referred to as \"Ruggs Junction\" or \"Ruggs District.\"", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs' geologic history echoes that of other areas in the region.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs is geologically situated within the Columbia Basin, a region overlain with Loess soils and rugged basaltic foothills that were the product of glacial floods and Columbia River Basalt Group lava flows.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ It is also an area of study and research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and relational goals.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Generally, interpersonal communication research has contributed to at least six distinct categories of inquiry: 1) how humans adjust and adapt their verbal and nonverbal communication during face-to-face communication, 2) the processes of message production, 3) how uncertainty influences our behavior and information-management strategies, 4) deceptive communication, 5) relational dialectics, and 6) social interaction that is mediated by technology.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ In the programme, \"the Doctor\" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of \"regeneration\", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ During the long history of the British science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\", a number of stories were proposed but, for a variety of reasons, never fully produced.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Below is a list of unmade serials which were submitted by recognised professional writers and the BBC had intended to produce, but for one reason or another were not made.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Many have since been the subject of a feature in \"Doctor Who Magazine\", or other professional periodicals or books devoted to the television show.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Such serials exist during the tenure of each of the previous eleven incarnations of the Doctor.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ The reasons for the serials being incomplete include strike action (which caused the partially filmed \"Shada\" to be abandoned), actors leaving roles (\"The Final Game\", which was cancelled after Roger Delgado's death), and the series being put on hiatus twice—once in 1985, and again in 1989—causing the serials planned for the following series to be shelved." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Hi. I liked Grey's Anatomy t he TV show. H ave you ever s een it? It came on in 2005 on ABC", "I think it would be interesting to be a doctor and I liked how the characters developed into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal relationships too.", "The title is a play on Gray's Anatomy, that classic textbook on human anatomy from 1858 by Henry Gray." ]

[ "Grey's Anatomy", "Grey's Anatomy", "Grey's Anatomy" ]

[ "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film)\nMy favorite movie is the last of the mohicans in 1992. What's your favorite movie?", "I like the historical aspects of the movie! I love back to the future. Doc Brown is great.", "Yes! I really like \"Cast Away\" with Tom Hanks!", "Yes he is very talented! Do you have any favorite Tom Hanks movies?", "Forrest Gump is a very unique character. He certainly triumphs!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The Last of the Mohicans is a 1992 American epic historical drama, set in 1757 during the French and Indian War.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Michael Mann, based on James Fenimore Cooper's eponymous 1826 novel and George B. Seitz's 1936 film adaptation, owing more to the latter than the novel.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Daniel Day-Lewis, Madeleine Stowe, and Jodhi May, with Russell Means, Wes Studi, Eric Schweig, and Steven Waddington in supporting roles.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was produced by Morgan Creek Pictures.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The soundtrack features music by Trevor Jones and Randy Edelman, and the song \"I Will Find You\" by Clannad.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The main theme of the film is taken from the tune \"The Gael\" by Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Released on September 25, 1992 in the United States, \"The Last of the Mohicans\" was met with nearly universal praise from critics and commercial success during its box-office run.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The story takes place in 1757, during the French and Indian War in the Adirondack Mountains, in the British colony of New York.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ British Army Major Duncan Heyward arrives in Albany.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ He has been sent to serve under Colonel Edmund Munro, the commander of Fort William Henry.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Heyward is given the task of escorting the colonel’s two daughters, Cora and Alice, to their father.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ Savages is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Oliver Stone.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is based on Don Winslow's novel of the same name.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Shane Salerno, Stone, and Winslow.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was released on July 6, 2012 to mixed reviews, and stars Taylor Kitsch, Blake Lively, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Demián Bichir, Benicio del Toro, Salma Hayek, John Travolta and Emile Hirsch.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ Best friends Chon (Taylor Kitsch) and Ben (Aaron Taylor-Johnson) are marijuana growers in Laguna Beach, California.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ Chon, a former Navy SEAL, smuggled the seeds for the plants out of Afghanistan.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ Ben, a University of California, Berkeley graduate in business and botany, cultivates the marijuana.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg, based on the \"Transformers\" toy line created by Hasbro.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2007's \"Transformers\", as well as the second installment in the live-action \"Transformers\" film series.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Taking place two years after its predecessor, the plot revolves around Sam Witwicky, who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots, the Autobots, led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons, led by Megatron.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Sam is having strange visions of Cybertronian symbols, and being hunted by the Decepticons under the orders of an ancient Decepticon named The Fallen, who seeks to get revenge on Earth by finding and activating a machine that would provide the Decepticons with an energon source, destroying the Sun and all life on Earth in the process.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film) __knowledge__ Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Mirage Studios characters of the same name.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film) __knowledge__ It is the fifth film in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" film series, and is also a reboot that features the main characters portrayed by a new cast, as the first in the reboot series.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Jonathan Liebesman, written by Josh Appelbaum, André Nemec and Evan Daugherty, and stars Megan Fox, Will Arnett, William Fichtner and Whoopi Goldberg, and featuring the voices of Johnny Knoxville, Alan Ritchson, Noel Fisher, Jeremy Howard and Tony Shalhoub.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film was announced shortly before \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" co-creator Peter Laird sold the rights to the characters to Nickelodeon in October 2009.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The 20th annual Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards were held on March 31, 2007, hosted by Justin Timberlake.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ It was the highest rated show in the history of the Kids Choice Awards.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show was held at Pauley Pavilion at the University of California, Los Angeles.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Gwen Stefani (with Akon) and Maroon 5 performed during the show.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Online voting began on March 5, 2007.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ A \"Name That Nominee\" special hosted by Lil' JJ aired on March 11.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Another special called \"Deep Inside the KCAs\" (hosted by Emma Roberts) aired on March 18.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Winners are listed first, in bold.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Other nominees are in alphabetical order.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Countdown to Kids' Choice: The Show: Favorite Movie Actress: Favorite Music Group: Special Bungee Jumping Slime World Record: Favorite TV Show: Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie: Maroon 5: Favorite TV Actor: Wannabe Award: Favorite Animated Movie: Favorite Movie Actor: Kids' Choice Burp Contest: Gwen Stefani feat.", "People's Choice Awards __knowledge__ The People's Choice Awards is an American awards show, recognizing the people and the work of popular culture, voted on by the general public.", "People's Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show has been held annually since 1975.", "People's Choice Awards __knowledge__ They were created by Bob Stivers, who produced the first show in 1975.", "People's Choice Awards __knowledge__ The first awards recognized \"The Sting\" as Favorite Picture of 1974, Barbra Streisand as the year's Favorite Film Actress, and John Wayne as its Favorite Film Actor.", "People's Choice Awards __knowledge__ Ratings for the annual event peaked in 1977, when the third People's Choice Awards attracted 35.3 million viewers who witnessed Farrah Fawcett win the award for Favorite Female TV Star, \"Star Wars\" win as the Favorite Picture, and Streisand and Wayne win again in the Film Actress and Actor categories.", "Cinderella (Disney character) __knowledge__ Cinderella is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 12th animated feature film \"Cinderella\" (1950) and its sequels \"\" (2002) and \"\" (2007).", "Cinderella (Disney character) __knowledge__ In the original film, Cinderella is voiced by American singer and actress Ilene Woods.", "Cinderella (Disney character) __knowledge__ For the sequels and subsequent film and television appearances, Woods was replaced by American actresses Jennifer Hale and Tami Tappan, who provide the character's speaking and singing voices respectively.", "Cinderella (Disney character) __knowledge__ In the wake of her father's untimely demise, Cinderella is left in the unfortunate care of her cruel stepmother and jealous stepsisters, who constantly mistreat her, forcing Cinderella to work as a scullery maid in her own home.", "Shrek 2 __knowledge__ Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer-animated fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation, and directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon.", "Shrek 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2001's \"Shrek\".", "Shrek 2 __knowledge__ Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprise their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders.", "Shrek 2 __knowledge__ Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The Last of the Mohicans is a 1992 American epic historical drama, set in 1757 during the French and Indian War.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Michael Mann, based on James Fenimore Cooper's eponymous 1826 novel and George B. Seitz's 1936 film adaptation, owing more to the latter than the novel.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Daniel Day-Lewis, Madeleine Stowe, and Jodhi May, with Russell Means, Wes Studi, Eric Schweig, and Steven Waddington in supporting roles.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was produced by Morgan Creek Pictures.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The soundtrack features music by Trevor Jones and Randy Edelman, and the song \"I Will Find You\" by Clannad.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The main theme of the film is taken from the tune \"The Gael\" by Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Released on September 25, 1992 in the United States, \"The Last of the Mohicans\" was met with nearly universal praise from critics and commercial success during its box-office run.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The story takes place in 1757, during the French and Indian War in the Adirondack Mountains, in the British colony of New York.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ British Army Major Duncan Heyward arrives in Albany.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ He has been sent to serve under Colonel Edmund Munro, the commander of Fort William Henry.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Heyward is given the task of escorting the colonel’s two daughters, Cora and Alice, to their father.", "Back to the Future (franchise) __knowledge__ The \"Back to the Future\" franchise is an American science fiction–comedy film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures.", "Back to the Future (franchise) __knowledge__ The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J.", "Back to the Future (franchise) __knowledge__ Fox), and an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California.", "Back to the Future (franchise) __knowledge__ The first film was the highest-grossing film of 1985 and became an international phenomenon, leading to the second and third films, which were back-to-back film productions, released in 1989 and 1990, respectively.", "DeLorean time machine __knowledge__ The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile-based time travel device featured in the \"Back to the Future\" franchise.", "DeLorean time machine __knowledge__ In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on a DeLorean DMC-12 car, to gain insights into history and the future.", "DeLorean time machine __knowledge__ Instead, he ends up using it to travel over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to 2015) with Marty McFly to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel.", "DeLorean time machine __knowledge__ One of the cars used in filming is on display at Universal Studios Hollywood and the official \"Back to the Future\" DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum.", "Back to the Future __knowledge__ Back to the Future is a 1985 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale.", "Back to the Future __knowledge__ It stars Michael J.", "Back to the Future __knowledge__ Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mother's romantic interest.", "Back to the Future __knowledge__ Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett \"Doc\" Brown, Marty's friend who helps him repair the damage to history by helping Marty cause his parents to fall in love.", "Back to the Future __knowledge__ Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985.", "Back to the Future __knowledge__ Zemeckis and Gale wrote the script after Gale mused upon whether he would have befriended his father if they had attended school together.", "List of Back to the Future characters __knowledge__ The \"Back to the Future\" film trilogy and subsequent feature characters created by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale.", "List of Back to the Future characters __knowledge__ The lead character of the series is Marty McFly.", "List of Back to the Future characters __knowledge__ During the course of the trilogy, he travels through time using a DeLorean time machine invented by his friend Emmett Brown and encounters the villain, Biff Tannen, in several different time periods and visits his family ancestors and descendants.", "List of Back to the Future characters __knowledge__ Martin Seamus \"Marty\" McFly (portrayed by Michael J.", "List of Back to the Future characters __knowledge__ Fox in the films and voiced by David Kaufman in the animated series and AJ LoCascio in \"\") is the son of George McFly and Lorraine Baines McFly.", "Back to the Future: The Ride __knowledge__ Back to the Future: The Ride was a simulator ride at Universal Studios theme parks.", "Back to the Future: The Ride __knowledge__ It was based on and inspired by the \"Back to the Future\" film series and is a mini-sequel to 1990's \"Back to the Future Part III\".", "Back to the Future: The Ride __knowledge__ It was previously located at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood, where it has since been replaced by \"The Simpsons Ride\" and at Universal Studios Japan where it has since been replaced by \"\".", "Back to the Future: The Ride __knowledge__ The ride's story centered on a first-person adventure in pursuit of Biff Tannen through time.", "Back to the Future: The Ride __knowledge__ Steven Spielberg, executive producer of the films, served as creative consultant for it.", "Back to the Future Part II __knowledge__ Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale.", "Back to the Future Part II __knowledge__ It is the sequel to the 1985 film \"Back to the Future\" and the second installment in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy.", "Back to the Future Part II __knowledge__ The film stars Michael J.", "Back to the Future Part II __knowledge__ Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson and continues immediately following the original film.", "Back to the Future Part II __knowledge__ After repairing the damage to history done by his previous time travel adventures, Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Emmett \"Doc\" Brown (Lloyd) travel to 2015 to prevent McFly's future son from ending up imprisoned.", "Doc Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ Ben Bailey Smith (born 21 September 1977), better known by his stage name Doc Brown, is an English rapper, comedian, actor, screenwriter, radio presenter and voiceover artist.", "Doc Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ He played in the TV series \"\".", "Doc Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ He is also known for playing Nathan Carter in the CBBC TV series 4 O'Clock Club from 2012 to 2015.", "Doc Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ Doc Brown was born Ben Harvey Smith, son of a Jamaican immigrant, Yvonne Bailey, and an Englishman, Harvey Smith, who was 30 years his wife's senior.", "Doc Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ Raised in the Willesden area of north west London, Smith is the younger brother of novelist and essayist Zadie Smith.", "Doc Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ Smith attended Hampstead School and Malorees Junior School along with his sister, and was often seen in her shadow.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg, based on the \"Transformers\" toy line created by Hasbro.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2007's \"Transformers\", as well as the second installment in the live-action \"Transformers\" film series.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Taking place two years after its predecessor, the plot revolves around Sam Witwicky, who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots, the Autobots, led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons, led by Megatron.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Sam is having strange visions of Cybertronian symbols, and being hunted by the Decepticons under the orders of an ancient Decepticon named The Fallen, who seeks to get revenge on Earth by finding and activating a machine that would provide the Decepticons with an energon source, destroying the Sun and all life on Earth in the process.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "The Last of the Mohicans __knowledge__ The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 (1826) is a historical novel by James Fenimore Cooper.", "The Last of the Mohicans __knowledge__ It is the second book of the \"Leatherstocking Tales\" pentalogy and the best known to contemporary audiences.", "The Last of the Mohicans __knowledge__ \"The Pathfinder\", published 14 years later in 1840, is its sequel.", "The Last of the Mohicans __knowledge__ \"The Last of the Mohicans\" is set in 1757, during the French and Indian War (the Seven Years' War), when France and Great Britain battled for control of North America.", "The Last of the Mohicans __knowledge__ During this war, both the French and the British used Native American allies, but the French were particularly dependent, as they were outnumbered in the Northeast frontier areas by the more numerous British colonists.", "List of M*A*S*H characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the \"M*A*S*H\" franchise, covering the various fictional characters appearing in the novel \"\" and its sequels, the 1970 film adaptation of the novel, and the television series M*A*S*H, \"AfterMASH\", \"W*A*L*T*E*R\", and \"Trapper John, M.D.. M*A*S*H is a popular media franchise revolving around the staff of the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital as they attempt to maintain sanity during the harshness of the Korean War.", "List of M*A*S*H characters __knowledge__ Captain Benjamin Franklin \"Hawkeye\" Pierce is the lead protagonist in the \"MASH\" novels, film, and television series.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The Last of the Mohicans is a 1992 American epic historical drama, set in 1757 during the French and Indian War.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Michael Mann, based on James Fenimore Cooper's eponymous 1826 novel and George B. Seitz's 1936 film adaptation, owing more to the latter than the novel.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Daniel Day-Lewis, Madeleine Stowe, and Jodhi May, with Russell Means, Wes Studi, Eric Schweig, and Steven Waddington in supporting roles.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was produced by Morgan Creek Pictures.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The soundtrack features music by Trevor Jones and Randy Edelman, and the song \"I Will Find You\" by Clannad.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The main theme of the film is taken from the tune \"The Gael\" by Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Released on September 25, 1992 in the United States, \"The Last of the Mohicans\" was met with nearly universal praise from critics and commercial success during its box-office run.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The story takes place in 1757, during the French and Indian War in the Adirondack Mountains, in the British colony of New York.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ British Army Major Duncan Heyward arrives in Albany.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ He has been sent to serve under Colonel Edmund Munro, the commander of Fort William Henry.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Heyward is given the task of escorting the colonel’s two daughters, Cora and Alice, to their father.", "Tom Hanks __knowledge__ Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker.", "Tom Hanks __knowledge__ Hanks is known for his comedic and dramatic roles in such films as \"Splash\" (1984), \"Big\" (1988), \"Turner & Hooch\" (1989), \"A League of Their Own\" (1992), \"Sleepless in Seattle\" (1993), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"You've Got Mail\" (1998), \"The Green Mile\" (1999), \"Cast Away\" (2000), \"Road to Perdition\" (2002), \"The Polar Express\" (2004), \"Larry Crowne\" (2011), \"Cloud Atlas\" (2012), \"Captain Phillips\" (2013), \"Saving Mr. Banks\" (2013), and \"Sully\" (2016).", "Tom Hanks __knowledge__ He starred in the \"Robert Langdon\" film series, and voices Sheriff Woody in the \"Toy Story\" film series.", "Cast Away __knowledge__ Cast Away is a 2000 American epic survival drama film directed and co-produced by Robert Zemeckis and starring Tom Hanks, Helen Hunt, and Nick Searcy.", "Cast Away __knowledge__ The film depicts a FedEx employee marooned on an uninhabited island after his plane crashes in the South Pacific and his attempts to survive on the island using remnants of his plane's cargo.", "Cast Away __knowledge__ The film was released on December 22, 2000.", "Cast Away __knowledge__ It was a critical and commercial success, grossing $429 million worldwide, with Hanks being nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role at the 73rd Academy Awards.", "Cast Away __knowledge__ In December 1995, Chuck Noland is a time-obsessed systems engineer, who travels worldwide resolving productivity problems at FedEx depots.", "Robert Zemeckis __knowledge__ Robert Lee Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an American filmmaker frequently credited as an innovator in visual effects.", "Robert Zemeckis __knowledge__ Credited as \"one of the greatest visual storytellers in filmmaking\", he first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of \"Romancing the Stone\" (1984) and the science-fiction comedy \"Back to the Future\" film trilogy, as well as the live-action/animated comedy \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\" (1988).", "Robert Zemeckis __knowledge__ In the 1990s he diversified into more dramatic fare, including 1994's \"Forrest Gump\", for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director.", "Robert Zemeckis __knowledge__ The film itself won Best Picture.", "Robert Zemeckis __knowledge__ The movies he has directed have ranged across a wide variety of genres, for both adults and families.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era, as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have spanned many themes and genres.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films, such as \"Jaws\" (1975), \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\" (1977), \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (1981), and \"E.T.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ the Extra-Terrestrial\" (1982), were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated buddy comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ The directorial debut of John Lasseter, \"Toy Story\" was the first feature-length computer-animated film and the first feature film produced by Pixar.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ Taking place in a world where anthropomorphic toys pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present, the film's plot focuses on the relationship between Woody, an old-fashioned pullstring cowboy doll (voiced by Tom Hanks), and Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure (voiced by Tim Allen), as they evolve from rivals competing for the affections of Andy, their owner, to friends who work together to be reunited with Andy as his family prepares to move to a new home.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ Lucky Guy is a play by Nora Ephron that premiered in 2013, the year after her death.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ It was Ephron's final work and marked Tom Hanks's Broadway debut, in which he earned a Theatre World Award.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ It depicts the story of journalist Mike McAlary beginning in 1985 and ending with his death at the age of 41 in 1998.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ The plot covers the high points and tribulations of McAlary's career as he traverses the clubby atmosphere of the New York City tabloid industry in what some regard as its heyday.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ The play includes his near fatal automobile accident and devotes a large portion to his recovery.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ Originally conceived as a television film in 1999, the play spent years under revision before finally opening on Broadway in 2013.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Robert A. Heinlein __knowledge__ Robert Anson Heinlein (; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction writer.", "Robert A. Heinlein __knowledge__ Often called the \"dean of science fiction writers\", his sometimes controversial works continue to have an influential effect on the genre, and on modern culture more generally.", "Robert A. Heinlein __knowledge__ Heinlein became one of the first American science fiction writers to break into mainstream magazines such as \"The Saturday Evening Post\" in the late 1940s.", "Robert A. Heinlein __knowledge__ He was one of the best-selling science fiction novelists for many decades, and he, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke are often considered the \"Big Three\" of English-language science fiction authors.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held.", "History of science fiction __knowledge__ The literary genre of science fiction is diverse, and its exact definition remains a contested question among both scholars and devotees.", "History of science fiction __knowledge__ This lack of consensus is reflected in debates about the genre's history, particularly over determining its exact origins.", "History of science fiction __knowledge__ There are two broad camps of thought, one that identifies the genre's roots in early fantastical works such as the Sumerian \"Epic of Gilgamesh\" (earliest Sumerian text versions c. 2150–2000 BCE).", "History of science fiction __knowledge__ A second approach argues that science fiction only became possible sometime between the 17th and early 19th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Starstruck (comics) __knowledge__ Starstruck is an American comic book series.", "Starstruck (comics) __knowledge__ It was inspired by the off-Broadway stage play with the same name written by Elaine Lee, with contributions from Susan Norfleet Lee and Dale Place.", "Starstruck (comics) __knowledge__ The \"Starstruck\" creator-owned illustrated science fiction serial has been produced at various intervals since 1982 by writer Lee and artist Michael Wm.", "Starstruck (comics) __knowledge__ Kaluta; their primary collaborators are colorist Lee Moyer and letterer Todd Klein.", "Starstruck (comics) __knowledge__ The series, epic in scope, has been carried across multiple comic companies, but primarily by Epic Comics, Dark Horse Comics, and IDW Publishing.", "Starstruck (comics) __knowledge__ It was collected in a revised and recolored hardcover book form as \"Starstruck Deluxe Edition\" in 2011." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The Last of the Mohicans is a 1992 American epic historical drama, set in 1757 during the French and Indian War.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Michael Mann, based on James Fenimore Cooper's eponymous 1826 novel and George B. Seitz's 1936 film adaptation, owing more to the latter than the novel.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Daniel Day-Lewis, Madeleine Stowe, and Jodhi May, with Russell Means, Wes Studi, Eric Schweig, and Steven Waddington in supporting roles.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was produced by Morgan Creek Pictures.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The soundtrack features music by Trevor Jones and Randy Edelman, and the song \"I Will Find You\" by Clannad.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The main theme of the film is taken from the tune \"The Gael\" by Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Released on September 25, 1992 in the United States, \"The Last of the Mohicans\" was met with nearly universal praise from critics and commercial success during its box-office run.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The story takes place in 1757, during the French and Indian War in the Adirondack Mountains, in the British colony of New York.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ British Army Major Duncan Heyward arrives in Albany.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ He has been sent to serve under Colonel Edmund Munro, the commander of Fort William Henry.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Heyward is given the task of escorting the colonel’s two daughters, Cora and Alice, to their father.", "Tom Hanks __knowledge__ Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker.", "Tom Hanks __knowledge__ Hanks is known for his comedic and dramatic roles in such films as \"Splash\" (1984), \"Big\" (1988), \"Turner & Hooch\" (1989), \"A League of Their Own\" (1992), \"Sleepless in Seattle\" (1993), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"You've Got Mail\" (1998), \"The Green Mile\" (1999), \"Cast Away\" (2000), \"Road to Perdition\" (2002), \"The Polar Express\" (2004), \"Larry Crowne\" (2011), \"Cloud Atlas\" (2012), \"Captain Phillips\" (2013), \"Saving Mr. Banks\" (2013), and \"Sully\" (2016).", "Tom Hanks __knowledge__ He starred in the \"Robert Langdon\" film series, and voices Sheriff Woody in the \"Toy Story\" film series.", "Sheriff Woody __knowledge__ Sheriff Woody Pride is a fictional character in the \"Toy Story\" franchise created by Pixar.", "Sheriff Woody __knowledge__ He is a pull-string cowboy doll and the leader of the toys in the movies.", "Sheriff Woody __knowledge__ His facial features are based on Tone Thyne, a former Disney animator.", "Sheriff Woody __knowledge__ He is voiced by Tom Hanks in the feature-length films, short films and the upcoming video game \"Kingdom Hearts III\", and by Tom's brother Jim Hanks in video games and shorts until Disney Magic Kingdoms.", "Sheriff Woody __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story\", Woody is the favorite toy of his owner Andy Davis and the leader of the toys in Andy's room.", "Sheriff Woody __knowledge__ However, his position is jeopardized by the arrival of Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure that Andy get as a birthday present.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated buddy comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ The directorial debut of John Lasseter, \"Toy Story\" was the first feature-length computer-animated film and the first feature film produced by Pixar.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ Taking place in a world where anthropomorphic toys pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present, the film's plot focuses on the relationship between Woody, an old-fashioned pullstring cowboy doll (voiced by Tom Hanks), and Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure (voiced by Tim Allen), as they evolve from rivals competing for the affections of Andy, their owner, to friends who work together to be reunited with Andy as his family prepares to move to a new home.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ Forrest Gump is a 1994 American drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson, and Sally Field.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ The story depicts several decades in the life of its titular character (Hanks), a slow-witted but kind-hearted, good-natured and athletically prodigious man from Alabama.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ Gump witnesses, and in some cases influences, some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century in the United States, specifically the period between his birth in 1944 and 1982.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ The film differs substantially from Winston Groom's novel, including Gump's personality and several events that were depicted.", "Jim Hanks __knowledge__ Jim Hanks (born June 15, 1961) is an American actor, voice actor and filmmaker.", "Jim Hanks __knowledge__ He has played numerous minor roles in film and guest appearances on television, and often substitutes doing voice work for his older brother Tom Hanks.", "Jim Hanks __knowledge__ He has produced, directed, and filmed several short films.", "Jim Hanks __knowledge__ Jim Hanks' first lead role was as Jeeter Buford in the film \"Buford's Beach Bunnies\".", "Jim Hanks __knowledge__ His brother Tom Hanks was considered a strong candidate for the role, but was unavailable.", "Jim Hanks __knowledge__ Wishing to earn the role based on his own abilities, Jim auditioned as \"Jim Matthews\" (just his first and a modification of his middle name).", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era, as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have spanned many themes and genres.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films, such as \"Jaws\" (1975), \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\" (1977), \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (1981), and \"E.T.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ the Extra-Terrestrial\" (1982), were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ Lucky Guy is a play by Nora Ephron that premiered in 2013, the year after her death.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ It was Ephron's final work and marked Tom Hanks's Broadway debut, in which he earned a Theatre World Award.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ It depicts the story of journalist Mike McAlary beginning in 1985 and ending with his death at the age of 41 in 1998.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ The plot covers the high points and tribulations of McAlary's career as he traverses the clubby atmosphere of the New York City tabloid industry in what some regard as its heyday.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ The play includes his near fatal automobile accident and devotes a large portion to his recovery.", "Lucky Guy (play) __knowledge__ Originally conceived as a television film in 1999, the play spent years under revision before finally opening on Broadway in 2013.", "Saving Mr. Banks __knowledge__ Saving Mr. Banks is a 2013 period drama film directed by John Lee Hancock from a screenplay written by Kelly Marcel and Sue Smith.", "Saving Mr. Banks __knowledge__ Centered on the development of the 1964 film \"Mary Poppins\", the film stars Emma Thompson as author P. L. Travers and Tom Hanks as filmmaker Walt Disney, with supporting performances by Paul Giamatti, Jason Schwartzman, Bradley Whitford, and Colin Farrell.", "Saving Mr. Banks __knowledge__ Deriving its title from the father in Travers' story, \"Saving Mr. Banks\" depicts the author's fortnight-long meetings during 1961 in Los Angeles, during which Disney attempts to obtain the screen rights to her novels." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The Last of the Mohicans is a 1992 American epic historical drama, set in 1757 during the French and Indian War.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Michael Mann, based on James Fenimore Cooper's eponymous 1826 novel and George B. Seitz's 1936 film adaptation, owing more to the latter than the novel.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Daniel Day-Lewis, Madeleine Stowe, and Jodhi May, with Russell Means, Wes Studi, Eric Schweig, and Steven Waddington in supporting roles.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ It was produced by Morgan Creek Pictures.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The soundtrack features music by Trevor Jones and Randy Edelman, and the song \"I Will Find You\" by Clannad.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The main theme of the film is taken from the tune \"The Gael\" by Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Released on September 25, 1992 in the United States, \"The Last of the Mohicans\" was met with nearly universal praise from critics and commercial success during its box-office run.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ The story takes place in 1757, during the French and Indian War in the Adirondack Mountains, in the British colony of New York.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ British Army Major Duncan Heyward arrives in Albany.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ He has been sent to serve under Colonel Edmund Munro, the commander of Fort William Henry.", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) __knowledge__ Heyward is given the task of escorting the colonel’s two daughters, Cora and Alice, to their father.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ Forrest Gump is a 1994 American drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson, and Sally Field.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ The story depicts several decades in the life of its titular character (Hanks), a slow-witted but kind-hearted, good-natured and athletically prodigious man from Alabama.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ Gump witnesses, and in some cases influences, some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century in the United States, specifically the period between his birth in 1944 and 1982.", "Forrest Gump __knowledge__ The film differs substantially from Winston Groom's novel, including Gump's personality and several events that were depicted.", "Gump and Co. __knowledge__ Gump & Co. (or Forrest Gump and Co.) is a 1995 novel by Winston Groom.", "Gump and Co. __knowledge__ It is the sequel to his novel \"Forrest Gump\" (1986), and the Academy Award-winning film of the same name released in 1994, with Tom Hanks.", "Gump and Co. __knowledge__ It was written to chronicle Forrest's life throughout the 1980s.", "Gump and Co. __knowledge__ On the first page, Forrest Gump tells readers \"Don't never let nobody make a movie of your life's story,\" though \"Whether they get it right or wrong, it don't matter.\"", "Gump and Co. __knowledge__ However, the character is not an idiot savant, as in the first book, but more similar to Tom Hanks' \"warmhearted dope.\"", "Gump and Co. __knowledge__ The text purposely contains frequent grammar and spelling mistakes in order to indicate the character's deficient education and cognitive difficulties.", "Forrest Gump (character) __knowledge__ Forrest Gump is a fictional character who first appears in the 1986 novel by Winston Groom.", "Forrest Gump (character) __knowledge__ Forrest Gump also appeared on screen in the 1994 film of the same name directed by Robert Zemeckis.", "Forrest Gump (character) __knowledge__ Forrest was portrayed as a child by Michael Humphreys and portrayed as an adult by Tom Hanks, who won an Academy Award for the role.", "Forrest Gump (character) __knowledge__ The portrayal of Forrest in the novel is notably different from the portrayal in the film.", "Forrest Gump (character) __knowledge__ He later reappears in the 1995 sequel novel \"Gump and Co.\" In 2008, Forrest Gump was named the 20th greatest movie character of all time by \"Empire\" magazine.", "Forrest Gump (character) __knowledge__ In the film, Forrest is portrayed essentially as a heroic character who faces a variety of setbacks and misfortunes yet maintains a compassionate and forward-looking attitude.", "Bubba Gump Shrimp Company __knowledge__ The Bubba Gump Shrimp Company Restaurant and Market is an American seafood restaurant chain inspired by the 1994 film \"Forrest Gump\".", "Bubba Gump Shrimp Company __knowledge__ As of July 2015, forty Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. restaurants operate worldwide.", "Bubba Gump Shrimp Company __knowledge__ Twenty-nine of these locations are in the United States, four are in Mexico, three are in Malaysia, and one each in London, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, the Marianas and the Philippines.", "Bubba Gump Shrimp Company __knowledge__ The company is based in Houston, Texas, and has been a division of Landry's Restaurants since 2010.", "Bubba Gump Shrimp Company __knowledge__ The first Bubba Gump restaurant opened in 1996 in Monterey, California by Rusty Pelican Restaurants in partnership with Viacom.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, based on the 1982 Stephen King novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\".", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ It tells the story of banker Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), who is sentenced to life in Shawshank State Penitentiary for the murder of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ Over the following two decades, he befriends a fellow prisoner, contraband smuggler Ellis \"Red\" Redding (Morgan Freeman), and becomes instrumental in a money laundering operation led by the prison warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton).", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ William Sadler, Clancy Brown, Gil Bellows, and James Whitmore appear in supporting roles.", "Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score __knowledge__ Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score is the original score album for the 1994 film \"Forrest Gump\", directed by Robert Zemeckis.", "Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score __knowledge__ The music was composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri.", "Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score __knowledge__ Silvestri's music was nominated for Best Original Score in the 67th Academy Awards.", "Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score __knowledge__ The album released is not to be confused with the better-selling (and therefore more common) album of diegetic songs from the film, which were released as \"Forrest Gump: The Soundtrack\".", "Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score __knowledge__ All Music called it \"saccharine\", and said that while it worked as a soundtrack \"it has little value on its own\".", "Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score __knowledge__ The \"\"Forrest Gump\" Suite\" on the song soundtrack is a combination of \"I'm Forrest...Forrest Gump\" and \"Suite from \"Forrest Gump\"\" (the main and end titles respectively).", "Nathan Bedford Forrest __knowledge__ Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877), called Bedford Forrest in his lifetime, was a Confederate Army general during the American Civil War and an early leader of the Ku Klux Klan.", "Nathan Bedford Forrest __knowledge__ Before the war Forrest amassed a fortune as a planter, real estate investor, and slave trader.", "Nathan Bedford Forrest __knowledge__ He was one of the few officers on either side to enlist as a private and be promoted to general officer and corps commander during the war.", "Nathan Bedford Forrest __knowledge__ An expert cavalry leader, Forrest was given command of his own unit and established new doctrines for mobile forces, earning the nickname \"The Wizard of the Saddle\".", "Winston Groom __knowledge__ Winston Francis Groom, Jr. (born March 23, 1943) is an American novelist and non-fiction writer.", "Winston Groom __knowledge__ He is best known for his book \"Forrest Gump\", which was adapted into a film by Robert Zemeckis in 1994.", "Winston Groom __knowledge__ The film became a cultural phenomenon, and won six Academy Awards.", "Winston Groom __knowledge__ He published a sequel, \"Gump and Co.\", in 1995.", "Winston Groom __knowledge__ He has also written numerous non-fiction works, on diverse subjects including the American Civil War and World War I. Groom was born in Washington, D.C., and was raised in Mobile County, Alabama, where he attended University Military School (now known as UMS-Wright Preparatory School)." ] ]

[ 1, 12, 12, 24, 14 ]

[ "I have never seen the Last of the Mohicans! Why do you like it so much? My favorite movie is back to the future. ", "Yea it's such a great franchise honestly, it's like science fiction fused with comedy. Great in my view! What is another favorite movie of yours?", "Tom Hanks is such an amazing actor. I love so much of his work, both in acting and film making. ", "I love Forrest Gump! It's such a classic. ", "Yep it's such a feel good story, Tom Hanks really makes Forrest Gump seem like a a kind-hearted and good man." ]

[ "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film)", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film)", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film)", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film)", "The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film)" ]

[ "Steak", "Yes, I like to eat it", "I prefer to eat it grilled" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ Interrogative is a term used in grammar to refer to features that form questions.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ Thus, an interrogative sentence is a sentence whose grammatical form shows that it is a question.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ Such sentences are sometimes said to exhibit an interrogative mood—thus treating interrogative as one of the grammatical mood.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ This applies particularly to languages that use different inflected verb forms to make questions.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ Interrogative sentences can serve as yes–no questions or as \"wh\"-questions, the latter being formed using an interrogative word such as \"who\", \"which\", \"where\" or \"how\" to specify the information required.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Jon Anderson __knowledge__ John Roy Anderson (born 25 October 1944), known professionally as Jon Anderson, is a British-American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist best known as the former lead singer of the progressive rock band Yes, which he co-founded in 1968 with bassist Chris Squire.", "Jon Anderson __knowledge__ He was a member of the band across three tenures between 1968 and 2008.", "Jon Anderson __knowledge__ Anderson is also noted for his solo career and collaborations with other artists, including Vangelis as Jon and Vangelis, Roine Stolt as Anderson/Stolt, and Jean-Luc Ponty as AndersonPonty Band.", "Jon Anderson __knowledge__ He has also appeared on albums by King Crimson, Tangerine Dream, and Iron Butterfly.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake is an American casual restaurant chain located primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States with locations also in the Mid-Atlantic and Western United States, Europe, and the Middle East.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake Operations, Inc. is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ There are 544 locations, of which 417 are company-operated and 127 are franchised.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Typical restaurant locations have sit-down, drive-thru and front-window service, resulting in a hybrid of fast-food to-go service and diner-style sit-down service.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Many Steak 'n Shake restaurants are open 24 hours a day, seven days per week.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ A steak burger is a type of sandwich prepared using steak as a primary ingredient.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the United States, the first steak burger offered to consumers appears to have been invented in 1934.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Beefsteak is typically used, although other meats can also be made into steak burgers.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ They may be prepared with various accompaniments and toppings, and several restaurant versions have existed in the past and continue to be prepared in contemporary times.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Use of the term \"steakburger\" dates to the 1920s in the United States.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. \"Gus\" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a steak burger and offered it to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Chicken fried steak (similar to country fried steak) is an American breaded cutlet dish consisting of a piece of beefsteak (tenderized cube steak) coated with seasoned flour and pan-fried.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ It is sometimes associated with the Southern cuisine of the United States.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Despite the name, the dish contains no chicken, but is so-named because the cooking method is similar to that of fried chicken.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Chicken fried steak resembles the Austrian dish \"Wiener Schnitzel\" and the Italian-South American dish \"Milanesa\", which is a tenderized veal or pork cutlet, coated with flour, eggs, and bread crumbs, and then fried.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Burger King grilled chicken sandwiches __knowledge__ International fast-food restaurant chain Burger King and its Australian franchise Hungry Jack's have had a variety of grilled chicken sandwiches in their product portfolio since 1990.", "Burger King grilled chicken sandwiches __knowledge__ The BK Broiler was the first iteration, and was one of the most successful product introductions in the fast food industry to that point in time.", "Burger King grilled chicken sandwiches __knowledge__ However sales dropped in the following two years, and the product was reformulated and renamed to the Chicken Whopper to align the product with the company's Whopper Sandwich.", "Burger King grilled chicken sandwiches __knowledge__ A change of ownership of Burger King in 2004 prompted another reformulation of the product into the BK Baguette product line that focused on a more health-oriented product.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Kuwait National Assembly No-Confidence Votes __knowledge__ Kuwait National Assembly No-Confidence Votes The questioning of Cabinet ministers can lead to their impeachment, which the government usually avoids by resignations, reshuffles and dissolving the legislature.", "Kuwait National Assembly No-Confidence Votes __knowledge__ Since its inception in 1962, the National Assembly of Kuwait has questioned more than 30 ministers, forcing some to resign, but only done so with a premier once in March 28 2012.", "Kuwait National Assembly No-Confidence Votes __knowledge__ MP Mohammed Ahmad Al-Rshaid requested to grill the minister but later reached an agreement and withdrew his request.", "Kuwait National Assembly No-Confidence Votes __knowledge__ MP Rashed Saleh Al-Tawhid discussed the grilling but no proposals were made and the National Assembly shifted to consider its agenda.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Grilled Cheesus __knowledge__ \"Grilled Cheesus\" is the third episode of the second season of the American television series \"Glee\", and the twenty-fifth episode overall.", "Grilled Cheesus __knowledge__ It was written by Brad Falchuk, directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon, and premiered on the Fox network on October 5, 2010.", "Grilled Cheesus __knowledge__ Prior to its broadcast, series co-creator Ryan Murphy predicted the episode would be \"Glee\" most controversial, as it focuses on religion and what God means to the members of the glee club.", "Grilled Cheesus __knowledge__ When Burt Hummel (Mike O'Malley) has a heart attack, the glee club rally around his son Kurt (Chris Colfer), attempting to support the Hummels through their various faiths.", "Lao cuisine __knowledge__ Lao cuisine is the cuisine of Laos, which is distinct from other Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Lao cuisine __knowledge__ The staple food of the Lao is steamed sticky rice, which is eaten by hand.", "Lao cuisine __knowledge__ In fact, the Lao eat more sticky rice than any other people in the world.", "Lao cuisine __knowledge__ Sticky rice is considered the essence of what it means to be Lao.", "Lao cuisine __knowledge__ Often the Lao will refer to themselves as \"luk khao niaow\", which can be translated as \"children or descendants of sticky rice\".", "Lao cuisine __knowledge__ Galangal, lemongrass, and \"padaek\" (fermented fish sauce) are important ingredients.", "Lao cuisine __knowledge__ The most famous Lao dish is \"larb\" (; sometimes also spelled \"laap\"), a spicy mixture of marinated meat or fish that is sometimes raw (prepared like \"ceviche\") with a variable combination of herbs, greens, and spices.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Silvia Colloca __knowledge__ Silvia Colloca (born 23 July 1977) is an Italian actress, blogger, cookbook author, and TV cookery show personality.", "Silvia Colloca __knowledge__ She has published two cookbooks.", "Silvia Colloca __knowledge__ Colloca was born in Milan to Loredana and Mario Colloca.", "Silvia Colloca __knowledge__ Her first major film role was in \"Van Helsing\", in which she played Verona, one of Dracula's brides.", "Silvia Colloca __knowledge__ On 25 September 2004, at the medieval castle Castello di Montalto in Tuscany, Italy she married the Australian actor Richard Roxburgh who played Dracula in that film.", "Silvia Colloca __knowledge__ They have two sons, Raphael Jack Domenico Roxburgh born in 2007 and Miro Gianni David Roxburgh born in 2010, and a daughter, Luna Roxburgh born in 2017.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper." ] ]

[ 0, 5, 7 ]

[ "Hello! Are you a fan of steak? ", "Do you have a favorite way to eat it? For example grilled or broiled?", "That's interesting! I, personally, prefer my steaks cooked in sauce. I also really like hamburgers. " ]

[ "Steak", "Steak", "Steak" ]

[ "Community theatre", "I actually have been interested in starting that myself", "So they would not let me join?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre refers to theatrical performance made in relation to particular communities—its usage includes theatre made by, with, and for a community.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ It may refer to theatre that is made entirely by a community with no outside help, or to a collaboration between community members and professional theatre artists, or to performance made entirely by professionals that is addressed to a particular community.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatres range in size from small groups led by single individuals that perform in borrowed spaces to large permanent companies with well-equipped facilities of their own.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Many community theatres are successful, non-profit businesses with a large active membership and, often, a full-time professional staff.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre is often devised and may draw on popular theatrical forms, such as carnival, circus, and parades, as well as performance modes from commercial theatre.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre is understood to contribute to the social capital of a community, insofar as it develops the skills, community spirit, and artistic sensibilities of those who participate, whether as producers or audience-members.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ It is used as a tool for social development, promoting ideas like gender equality, human rights, environment and democracy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre refers to theatrical performance made in relation to particular communities—its usage includes theatre made by, with, and for a community.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ It may refer to theatre that is made entirely by a community with no outside help, or to a collaboration between community members and professional theatre artists, or to performance made entirely by professionals that is addressed to a particular community.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatres range in size from small groups led by single individuals that perform in borrowed spaces to large permanent companies with well-equipped facilities of their own.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Many community theatres are successful, non-profit businesses with a large active membership and, often, a full-time professional staff.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre is often devised and may draw on popular theatrical forms, such as carnival, circus, and parades, as well as performance modes from commercial theatre.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre is understood to contribute to the social capital of a community, insofar as it develops the skills, community spirit, and artistic sensibilities of those who participate, whether as producers or audience-members.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ It is used as a tool for social development, promoting ideas like gender equality, human rights, environment and democracy.", "Ion Luca Caragiale __knowledge__ Ion Luca Caragiale (; commonly referred to as I. L. Caragiale; – 9 July 1912) was a Wallachian, later Romanian playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist.", "Ion Luca Caragiale __knowledge__ Leaving behind an important cultural legacy, he is considered one of the greatest playwrights in Romanian language and literature, as well as one of its most important writers and a leading representative of local humor.", "Ion Luca Caragiale __knowledge__ Alongside Mihai Eminescu, Ioan Slavici and Ion Creangă, he is seen as one of the main representatives of \"Junimea\", an influential literary society with which he nonetheless parted during the second half of his life.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ Blueberry is Western comic series created in the Franco-Belgian \"bandes dessinées\" (BD) tradition by the Belgian scriptwriter Jean-Michel Charlier and French comics artist Jean \"Mœbius\" Giraud.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ It chronicles the adventures of Mike Blueberry on his travels through the American Old West.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ Blueberry is an atypical western hero; he is not a wandering lawman who brings evil-doers to justice, nor a handsome cowboy who \"rides into town, saves the ranch, becomes the new sheriff and marries the schoolmarm.\"", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ In any situation, he sees what he thinks needs doing, and he does it.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ The series spawned out of the 1963 \"Fort Navajo\" comics series, originally intended as an ensemble narrative, but which quickly gravitated around the breakout character \"Blueberry\" as the main and central character after the first two stories, causing the series to continue under his name later on.", "List of The Office (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ \"The Office\" is a television series based on the British television comedy of the same name.", "List of The Office (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ The format of the series is a parody of the fly on the wall documentary technique that intersperses traditional situation comedy segments with mock interviews with the show's characters, provides the audience access to the ongoing interior monologues for all of the main characters, as well as occasional insights into other characters within the show.", "List of The Office (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ Joleen MaryAnn \"Jo\" Bennett (Kathy Bates) is the CEO of Sabre, the company that buys Dunder Mifflin in season 6.", "List of The Office (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ In season 8 she gives up the CEO position but remains chairman of the board.", "Suez Crisis __knowledge__ The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War also named the Tripartite Aggression (in the Arab world) and Operation Kadesh or Sinai War (in Israel), was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France.", "Suez Crisis __knowledge__ The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had just nationalized the canal.", "Suez Crisis __knowledge__ After the fighting had started, political pressure from the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations led to a withdrawal by the three invaders.", "Suez Crisis __knowledge__ The episode humiliated Great Britain and France and strengthened Nasser.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (; 8 May 1938 – 10 March 2012) was a French artist, cartoonist and writer who worked in the Franco-Belgian \"bandes dessinées\" (BD) tradition.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Giraud garnered worldwide acclaim predominantly under the pseudonym Mœbius (; ) and to a lesser extent Gir (), which he used for the \"Blueberry\" series and his Western themed paintings.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Esteemed by Federico Fellini, Stan Lee and Hayao Miyazaki among others, he has been described as the most influential artist after Hergé.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ His most famous works include the series \"Blueberry\", created with writer Jean-Michel Charlier, featuring one of the first anti-heroes in Western comics.", "List of Community characters __knowledge__ Community is an American television sitcom created by Dan Harmon.", "List of Community characters __knowledge__ The show, set at the fictional Greendale Community College, depicts the on-campus exploits of students brought together when they form a study group.", "List of Community characters __knowledge__ The show stars: The series also features recurring characters, mainly fellow students or teachers at Greendale.", "List of Community characters __knowledge__ The show revolves around the on- and off-campus exploits of seven students who are connected through their study group at Greendale Community College.", "List of Community characters __knowledge__ Jeffrey Tobias \"Jeff\" Winger (Joel McHale), is a sardonic, quick-witted ex-lawyer attending Greendale Community College.", "List of Community characters __knowledge__ He was born in Denver, Colorado to his parents William Winger and Doreen Winger née Fitzgerald.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Buffalo Players (theatre company) __knowledge__ The Buffalo Players were a community theater group operating in Buffalo, NY from 1922 to 1926.", "Buffalo Players (theatre company) __knowledge__ Although only in operation for four years, they were connected with several prominent theater and film professionals, such as C. Pascal Franchot (later known as film actor Franchot Tone); Marian de Forest, founder of Zonta International and Buffalo civic leader; and Broadway and Hollywood actor Jerome Collamore.", "Buffalo Players (theatre company) __knowledge__ They were also in part the inspiration for two other community theater groups, the Niagara Falls Little Theater (Now Niagara Regional Theatre Guild), which was founded in 1924, and the Rochester Community Players, continuously operating since 1925.", "Regional Community Theater __knowledge__ Regional Community Theater is the debut album by the American group LadybiRdS, released in 2007 on Creep Records.", "Regional Community Theater __knowledge__ After the breakup of Ley Royal Scam in 2006, Tyler Pursel returned to working with Gym Class Heroes and writing dance-pop music on the side, while Teeter Sperber had relocated to Oregon.", "Regional Community Theater __knowledge__ When composing, Pursel originally intended for many vocalists to be featured on the album, however, contacting his former band-mate Sperber to sing one of the tracks ultimately led Pursel to ask Sperber to sing the entirety of \"Regional Community Theater.\"", "Regional Community Theater __knowledge__ Most of the album was arranged while Pursel and Sperber were in different regions of the United States, but by January 2007, they both joined at a Creep Records basement studio in Westchester, Pennsylvania.", "Rochester Community Players __knowledge__ The Rochester Community Players (RCP), the oldest community theatre in New York State, is a local theater group in Rochester, Monroe County, New York, in the United States.", "Rochester Community Players __knowledge__ Incorporated in 1923, its first production, \"Wedding Bells,\" by playwright Salisbury Field, opened January 19, 1925 at the German House on Rochester's Gregory Street.", "Rochester Community Players __knowledge__ The Rochester Community Players, Inc. has produced over 600 plays since 1925.", "Rochester Community Players __knowledge__ For a list of productions, see Rochester Community Players production history.", "Rochester Community Players __knowledge__ Most of RCP's earliest productions were staged at the German House on Gregory Street, although one was staged at Rochester's old Lyceum Theater, built in 1903.", "Berkeley Community Theatre __knowledge__ Berkeley Community Theatre is a theatre located in Berkeley, California, on the campus of Berkeley High School.", "Berkeley Community Theatre __knowledge__ The theater is used by Berkeley High School and the Berkeley Unified School District.", "Berkeley Community Theatre __knowledge__ The theater building also holds the Florence Schwimley Little Theater, a smaller theater that is often used for Berkeley High School music and theater performances.", "Berkeley Community Theatre __knowledge__ The Art Deco-style theater has 3,491 seats, including a balcony section.", "Berkeley Community Theatre __knowledge__ A large stage is extended by an orchestra pit that can be raised or lowered.", "Berkeley Community Theatre __knowledge__ The theater was dedicated on June 5, 1950 after sitting only partially completed for almost nine years, due to delays caused by World War II.", "Sherman Theater __knowledge__ The Sherman Theater is a not-for-profit concert hall and community theater located on Main Street in downtown Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.", "Sherman Theater __knowledge__ Construction on the Sherman Theater was completed in 1928.", "Sherman Theater __knowledge__ For the majority of the life of the building, it was used as both a vaudeville house and movie theater.", "Sherman Theater __knowledge__ The theater fell into disrepair in the 1990s after ownership changed hands several times over the decades.", "Sherman Theater __knowledge__ The renovation of the Sherman Theater was spearheaded by Richard and Catharine Berkowitz.", "Sherman Theater __knowledge__ The couple had a belief that the Downtown Stroudsburg region and the whole of Monroe County would be well served by reviving this hidden asset.", "Temple Theatre (Sanford, North Carolina) __knowledge__ The Temple Theatre is an historic performance center in Sanford, Lee County, North Carolina.", "Temple Theatre (Sanford, North Carolina) __knowledge__ The Temple Theatre was built in 1925 by Robert Ingram, Sr. (owner of the Sanford Coca-Cola Bottling Company), at a time when Sanford had a population of only 3,500.", "Temple Theatre (Sanford, North Carolina) __knowledge__ The name \"Temple\" comes from being located next door to what was once Sanford's Masonic Lodge.", "Temple Theatre (Sanford, North Carolina) __knowledge__ The following quote ran in a 1925 issue of the Sanford Express, \"In erecting this modern theater, he has spared no expense to make it an up-to-date playhouse.\"", "Temple Theatre (Sanford, North Carolina) __knowledge__ It is a 50 feet wide-by-92 feet deep, two-story, brick building decorated with cut stone details in a blend of Colonial Revival and Art Deco styles.", "Winnipesaukee Playhouse __knowledge__ The Winnipesaukee Playhouse is a 200+ seat courtyard style theater located in Meredith, New Hampshire, United States, in the heart of New Hampshire's Lakes Region.", "Winnipesaukee Playhouse __knowledge__ The Playhouse produces both a professional summer stock season as well as a community theater season, and is arguably the only theater in the United States to do so.", "Winnipesaukee Playhouse __knowledge__ The Winnipesaukee Playhouse is the recipient of 46 New Hampshire Theater Awards over the past eight years, more than any other theater in the state during this time period, and in 2009 it was selected by \"New Hampshire Magazine\" as the best professional theater in New Hampshire." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre refers to theatrical performance made in relation to particular communities—its usage includes theatre made by, with, and for a community.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ It may refer to theatre that is made entirely by a community with no outside help, or to a collaboration between community members and professional theatre artists, or to performance made entirely by professionals that is addressed to a particular community.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatres range in size from small groups led by single individuals that perform in borrowed spaces to large permanent companies with well-equipped facilities of their own.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Many community theatres are successful, non-profit businesses with a large active membership and, often, a full-time professional staff.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre is often devised and may draw on popular theatrical forms, such as carnival, circus, and parades, as well as performance modes from commercial theatre.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ Community theatre is understood to contribute to the social capital of a community, insofar as it develops the skills, community spirit, and artistic sensibilities of those who participate, whether as producers or audience-members.", "Community theatre __knowledge__ It is used as a tool for social development, promoting ideas like gender equality, human rights, environment and democracy.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Relational algebra __knowledge__ Relational algebra, first created by Edgar F. Codd while at IBM, is a family of algebras with a well-founded semantics used for modelling the data stored in relational databases, and defining queries on it.", "Relational algebra __knowledge__ The main application of relational algebra is providing a theoretical foundation for relational databases, particularly query languages for such databases, chief among which is SQL.", "Relational algebra __knowledge__ Relational algebra received little attention outside of pure mathematics until the publication of E.F. Codd's relational model of data in 1970.", "Relational algebra __knowledge__ Codd proposed such an algebra as a basis for database query languages.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Join (SQL) __knowledge__ An SQL join clause combines columns from one or more tables in a relational database.", "Join (SQL) __knowledge__ It creates a set that can be saved as a table or used as it is.", "Join (SQL) __knowledge__ A codice_1 is a means for combining columns from one (self-join) or more tables by using values common to each.", "Join (SQL) __knowledge__ ANSI-standard SQL specifies five types of codice_1: codice_3, codice_4, codice_5, codice_6 and codice_7.", "Join (SQL) __knowledge__ As a special case, a table (base table, view, or joined table) can codice_1 to itself in a \"self-join\".", "Join (SQL) __knowledge__ A programmer declares a codice_1 statement to identify rows for joining.", "Join (SQL) __knowledge__ If the evaluated predicate is true, the combined row is then produced in the expected format, a row set or a temporary table.", "Let's Play __knowledge__ A Let's Play (commonly referred to as an LP) is a style of video (or a screenshot accompanied by text) series documenting the playthrough of a video game, usually including commentary by the gamer.", "Let's Play __knowledge__ A Let's Play differs from a video game walkthrough or strategy guide by focusing on an individual's subjective experience with the game, often with humorous, irreverent, or critical commentary from the gamer, rather than being an objective source of information on how to progress through the game.", "Let's Play __knowledge__ While Let's Plays and live streaming of game playthroughs are related, Let's Plays tend to be curated experiences that include editing and scripted narration, while streaming is an unedited experience performed on the fly.", "Birkhoff's representation theorem __knowledge__ In mathematics, Birkhoff's representation theorem for distributive lattices states that the elements of any finite distributive lattice can be represented as finite sets, in such a way that the lattice operations correspond to unions and intersections of sets.", "Birkhoff's representation theorem __knowledge__ The theorem can be interpreted as providing a one-to-one correspondence between distributive lattices and partial orders, between quasi-ordinal knowledge spaces and preorders, or between finite topological spaces and preorders.", "Birkhoff's representation theorem __knowledge__ It is named after Garrett Birkhoff, who published a proof of it in 1937.", "Birkhoff's representation theorem __knowledge__ The name “Birkhoff's representation theorem” has also been applied to two other results of Birkhoff, one from 1935 on the representation of Boolean algebras as families of sets closed under union, intersection, and complement (so-called \"fields of sets\", closely related to the \"rings of sets\" used by Birkhoff to represent distributive lattices), and Birkhoff's HSP theorem representing algebras as products of irreducible algebras.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the BBC fantasy drama television series \"Merlin\", including supporting characters.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ \"Note: All characters are listed in alphabetical order by their first name.\"", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ Aglain (portrayed by Colin Salmon) was a Druid man who lived in the Forest of Acestir.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ In the second-season episode, \"The Nightmare Begins\", he, with the assistance of Mordred, rescued Morgana from a group of serkets, and later healed the injury she sustained from one of the creatures.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ While she resided with him and his fellow Druids, Aglain encouraged Morgana not to fear herself and her emerging abilities, telling her that magic was not evil and not something Uther should hate.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "List of Negima! Magister Negi Magi characters __knowledge__ The \"Negima!", "List of Negima! Magister Negi Magi characters __knowledge__ Magister Negi Magi\" manga and anime series features a wide cast of fictional characters designed by Ken Akamatsu.", "List of Negima! Magister Negi Magi characters __knowledge__ The series follows Negi Springfield, a 10-year-old boy from Wales with magic powers, who becomes a teacher of a Japanese middle school class of 31 girls.", "List of Negima! Magister Negi Magi characters __knowledge__ He discovers he is able to unlock many of the girls' magical powers as they assist him in his adventures.", "List of Negima! Magister Negi Magi characters __knowledge__ He and his students encounter a number of characters, friends and foes, many of whom have magic powers or are connected to the Magical World, and some even have connections to his estranged father.", "List of Negima! Magister Negi Magi characters __knowledge__ is a mage in-training and the homeroom and English teacher of Class 2-A/3-A of Mahora Academy Middle School for girls.", "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings __knowledge__ I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a 1969 autobiography about the early years of American writer and poet Maya Angelou.", "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings __knowledge__ The first in a seven-volume series, it is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma.", "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings __knowledge__ The book begins when three-year-old Maya and her older brother are sent to Stamps, Arkansas, to live with their grandmother and ends when Maya becomes a mother at the age of 16.", "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings __knowledge__ In the course of \"Caged Bird\", Maya transforms from a victim of racism with an inferiority complex into a self-possessed, dignified young woman capable of responding to prejudice.", "The Public Theater __knowledge__ The Public Theater is a New York City arts organization founded as the Shakespeare Workshop in 1954 by Joseph Papp, with the intention of showcasing the works of up-and-coming playwrights and performers.", "The Public Theater __knowledge__ It is led by Artistic Director Oskar Eustis and Executive Director Patrick Willingham.", "The Public Theater __knowledge__ The venue opened in 1967, mounting the world-premiere production of the musical \"Hair\" as its first show.", "The Public Theater __knowledge__ The Public is headquartered at 425 Lafayette Street in the former Astor Library in Lower Manhattan.", "The Public Theater __knowledge__ The building holds five theater spaces and Joe's Pub, a cabaret-style venue used for new work, musical performances, spoken-word artists and soloists.", "Bianca Montgomery __knowledge__ Bianca Montgomery is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"All My Children\".", "Bianca Montgomery __knowledge__ Until Eden Riegel assumed the role, portraying the character from July 2000 to January 2010, the character was portrayed solely by child actresses: Lacey Chabert, Nathalie Paulding, Gina Gallagher, Caroline Wilde and Jessica Leigh Falborn.", "Bianca Montgomery __knowledge__ When Riegel decided to permanently exit the role, plans to recast were confirmed; in June 2010, Christina Bennett Lind replaced Riegel, and remained on the series through the original television finale episode, which aired September 23, 2011.", "Bianca Montgomery __knowledge__ In February 2013, it was announced that Riegel would be reprising her role as Bianca in a guest-arc on Prospect Park's continuation of \"All My Children\".", "Jewish views on marriage __knowledge__ In traditional Judaism, marriage is viewed as a contractual bond commanded by God in which a man and a woman come together to create a relationship in which God is directly involved.", "Jewish views on marriage __knowledge__ () Though procreation is not the sole purpose, a Jewish marriage is traditionally expected to fulfil the commandment to have children.", "Jewish views on marriage __knowledge__ () In this view, marriage is understood to mean that the husband and wife are merging into a single soul, which is why a man is considered \"incomplete\" if he is not married, as his soul is only one part of a larger whole that remains to be unified.", "Jewish views on marriage __knowledge__ Some Jewish denominations such as Reconstructionist, Reform and Conservative Judaism recognize same-sex marriage and deemphasize procreation, focusing on marriage as a bond between a couple." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2 ]

[ "I like to do community theater when I am not in school.", "The community helps and anyone outside the community isn't allowed to.", "If it is a collaboration between community members, otherwise no." ]

[ "Community theatre", "Community theatre", "Community theatre" ]

[ "Linkin Park\nI love the band Linkin Park they might be my favorite band", "Same, I head the singer died recently though is that true?", "I haven't, Is it any good?", "I think their best song is Numb. How about you?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\" (2000), which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-Platinum in several other countries.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in \"Hybrid Theory\" and \"Meteora\", the band explored other genres on their next studio album, \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The album topped the \"Billboard\" charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010), layering their music with more electronic sounds.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"Living Things\" (2012), combines musical elements from all of their previous records.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their sixth album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014), returned to a heavier rock sound.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their seventh album \"One More Light\", a more electronic and pop-oriented record, was released on May 19, 2017.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ A Thousand Suns is the fourth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ It was released on September 8, 2010, by Warner Bros. Records.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ The album was written by the band and was produced by Linkin Park vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin, who worked together to produce the band's previous studio album \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ Recording sessions for \"A Thousand Suns\" took place at NRG Recording Studios in North Hollywood, California from 2008 until early 2010.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ \"A Thousand Suns\" is a concept album dealing with human fears such as nuclear warfare.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ The band has said the album is a drastic departure from their previous work; they experimented on different and new sounds.", "List of Linkin Park band members __knowledge__ There are five members in American rock band Linkin Park: Mike Shinoda, Brad Delson, Dave \"Phoenix\" Farrell, Joe Hahn, and Rob Bourdon.", "List of Linkin Park band members __knowledge__ Mark Wakefield was a member until he left the band in 1998 making way for Chester Bennington.", "List of Linkin Park band members __knowledge__ Apart from the brief departure of bassist Dave \"Phoenix\" Farrell (who returned just after the release of \"Hybrid Theory\") and the death of lead vocalist Bennington on July 20, 2017, the band has had no changes in their lineup.", "List of Linkin Park band members __knowledge__ Robert Gregory \"Rob\" Bourdon (born ) is an American musician who is the drummer of Linkin Park.", "List of Linkin Park band members __knowledge__ He attended Calabasas High School.", "List of Linkin Park band members __knowledge__ He attended the school with members of Hoobastank.", "List of awards and nominations received by Linkin Park __knowledge__ Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Linkin Park __knowledge__ Originally consisting of three high school friends, Linkin Park’s foundation was anchored by Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson along with Rob Bourdon.", "List of awards and nominations received by Linkin Park __knowledge__ After graduating from high school, the California natives began to take their musical interests more seriously, recruiting Joe Hahn, Dave \"Phoenix\" Farrell, and Mark Wakefield to perform in their band then titled Xero.", "List of awards and nominations received by Linkin Park __knowledge__ Though limited in resources, the band began recording and producing songs within Shinoda’s makeshift bedroom studio in 1996.", "List of awards and nominations received by Linkin Park __knowledge__ After they failed to land a record deal, however, tensions and frustration within the band grew, and the lack of success and stalemate in progress prompted Wakefield, at that time the band's vocalist, to leave the band in search for other projects.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ The Hunting Party is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ The album, produced by band members Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, was released by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop on June 13, 2014.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ It is the first album since \"Meteora\" (2003) not to be produced with Rick Rubin, after producing the band's previous three studio albums.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ The title \"The Hunting Party\" is a contextual metaphor: Linkin Park is the party that is hunting to bring back the energy and soul of rock.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ \"The Hunting Party\" is a departure from the electronic rock sound of the band's previous two studio albums, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010) and \"Living Things\" (2012).", "One More Light __knowledge__ One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park.", "One More Light __knowledge__ It was released on May 19, 2017 through Warner Bros. and Machine Shop.", "One More Light __knowledge__ It is the last Linkin Park record produced before lead vocalist Chester Bennington's death on July 20, 2017.", "One More Light __knowledge__ The band recorded the album between September 2015 and February 2017 in multiple studios.", "One More Light __knowledge__ Band members Brad Delson and Mike Shinoda served as the album's primary producers.", "One More Light __knowledge__ The sound of \"One More Light\" has been described as being more pop-focused, departing from the alternative metal sound of their previous album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014).", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park, released on October 24, 2000, through Warner Bros. Records.", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ As of 2017, the album has been certified diamond by the RIAA for sales in the band's home country of United States, with over eleven million units, peaking at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200, and it also has reached high positions on other charts worldwide, with 30 million copies sold, making it the best-selling debut album since Guns N' Roses' \"Appetite for Destruction\" and the best-selling rock album of the 21st century.", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood, California, and produced by Don Gilmore, the album's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence, including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\" (2000), which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-Platinum in several other countries.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in \"Hybrid Theory\" and \"Meteora\", the band explored other genres on their next studio album, \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The album topped the \"Billboard\" charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010), layering their music with more electronic sounds.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"Living Things\" (2012), combines musical elements from all of their previous records.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their sixth album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014), returned to a heavier rock sound.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their seventh album \"One More Light\", a more electronic and pop-oriented record, was released on May 19, 2017.", "Yup'ik language __knowledge__ Central Alaskan Yup'ik or just Yup'ik (also called Yupik, Central Yupik, or indigenously Yugtun) is one of the languages of the Yupik family, in turn a member of the Eskimo–Aleut language group, spoken in western and southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik language __knowledge__ Both in ethnic population and in number of speakers, Central Alaskan Yup'ik is the largest of the languages spoken by Alaska Natives.", "Yup'ik language __knowledge__ As of 2010 it was also the second largest aboriginal language in the United States in terms of numbers of speakers.", "Yup'ik language __knowledge__ Yup'ik should not be confused with the related language Central Siberian Yupik spoken in Chukotka and St. Lawrence Island.", "2007 USC Trojans football team __knowledge__ The 2007 USC Trojans football team (variously \"Trojans\" or \"USC\") represented the University of Southern California during the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season, winning a share of the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) championship and winning the 2008 Rose Bowl.", "2007 USC Trojans football team __knowledge__ The team was coached by Pete Carroll and played its home games at the Los Angeles Coliseum.", "2007 USC Trojans football team __knowledge__ The team entered the season with high expectations.", "2007 USC Trojans football team __knowledge__ It was ranked No.", "2007 USC Trojans football team __knowledge__ 1 in all national pre-season polls, picked unanimously to win the Pac-10 Conference and expected to contend for a national championship.", "2007 USC Trojans football team __knowledge__ Those hopes were dealt a major blow when the Trojans lost to 41-point underdog Stanford in a mid-season game that was named one of the greatest upsets in a season that became defined by them.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The survival horror video games series Silent Hill features a large cast of characters.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The games' player characters are \"everymen\", in contrast to action-oriented survival horror video game series featuring combat-trained player characters, such as \"Resident Evil\".", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The games are set in the series' eponymous fictional American town.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ Characters went through several different conceptual phases prior to settling on their final designs seen in the games they first appeared in.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The physical appearances of characters in \"Silent Hill 3\" were created using actors as models.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The characters of \"Silent Hill\" and \"Silent Hill 2\" were designed by character designer Takayoshi Sato.", "Chen Da (singer) __knowledge__ Chen Da (also Chen Ta; ; b.", "Chen Da (singer) __knowledge__ 1905 (1906?)", "Chen Da (singer) __knowledge__ – d. April 11, 1981) was a Taiwanese folk singer.", "Chen Da (singer) __knowledge__ He was part of Taiwan's folk music scene and worked as an analphabetic creator of lyrics.", "Chen Da (singer) __knowledge__ His spontaneous performances of traditional tunes became an object of study for many scholars focused on the music of Taiwan and brought him to the attention of writers engaged in music criticism including the novelist Wang Tuoh.", "Chen Da (singer) __knowledge__ According to the \"Journal of Music in China\", Chen Da was \"the only noted singer of Taiwanese folk singing.\"", "Chen Da (singer) __knowledge__ Chen Da is also referred to as a singer of “\"Hoklo\" folk songs,” a synonym of “Taiwanese folk songs.” Chiang Ching-kuo sought to visit Chen Da in his hometown, according to reports in the press.", "Isaac Bashevis Singer __knowledge__ Isaac Bashevis Singer (; November 21, 1902 – July 24, 1991) was a Polish-born Jewish writer in Yiddish, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978.", "Isaac Bashevis Singer __knowledge__ The Polish form of his birth name was Icek Hersz Zynger.", "Isaac Bashevis Singer __knowledge__ He used his mother's first name in an initial literary pseudonym, \"Izaak Baszewis\", which he later expanded.", "Isaac Bashevis Singer __knowledge__ He was a leading figure in the Yiddish literary movement, writing and publishing only in Yiddish.", "Isaac Bashevis Singer __knowledge__ He was also awarded two U.S. National Book Awards, one in Children's Literature for his memoir \"A Day Of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw\" (1970) and one in Fiction for his collection \"A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories\" (1974).", "History of Austria __knowledge__ The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state.", "History of Austria __knowledge__ The name \"Ostarrîchi\" (Austria) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy (later archduchy) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (\"Heiliges Römisches Reich\" 962–1806).", "History of Austria __knowledge__ Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg (\"Haus Österreich\") from 1273 to 1806, when the Holy Roman Empire came to an end.", "History of Austria __knowledge__ Austria then became the Austrian Empire, a part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, which Austria lost and was subsequently excluded from German affairs.", "Daniel Singer (journalist) __knowledge__ Daniel Singer (26 September 1926 – 2 December 2000) was a socialist writer and journalist.", "Daniel Singer (journalist) __knowledge__ He was best known for his articles for \"The Nation\" in the United States and for \"The Economist\" in Britain, serving for decades as a European correspondent for each magazine.", "Daniel Singer (journalist) __knowledge__ Gore Vidal described Singer as \"one of the best, and certainly the sanest, interpreters of things European for American readers\", with a \"Balzacian eye for human detail.\"", "Daniel Singer (journalist) __knowledge__ Mike Davis labelled Singer \"the left's most brilliant arsonist\", with a talent for \"set[ting] ablaze whole forests of desiccated cliches\".", "Daniel Singer (journalist) __knowledge__ Singer was born in 1926 in Warsaw, in his parents' home.", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park, released on October 24, 2000, through Warner Bros. Records.", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ As of 2017, the album has been certified diamond by the RIAA for sales in the band's home country of United States, with over eleven million units, peaking at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200, and it also has reached high positions on other charts worldwide, with 30 million copies sold, making it the best-selling debut album since Guns N' Roses' \"Appetite for Destruction\" and the best-selling rock album of the 21st century.", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood, California, and produced by Don Gilmore, the album's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence, including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ Meteora is the second studio album by American rock band Linkin Park.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 25, 2003 through Warner Bros. Records, following \"Reanimation\", a collaboration album which featured remixes of songs included on their debut studio album \"Hybrid Theory\".", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ The album was produced by the band alongside Don Gilmore.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ The title \"Meteora\" is taken from the Greek Orthodox monasteries sharing the same name.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ \"Meteora\" has a similar sound to \"Hybrid Theory\", as described by critics, and the album took almost a year to be recorded.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ The main artwork was assembled by the band with help of various other graphic artists.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Nu metal (also known as nü-metal and ) is a form of that combines elements of with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk and grunge.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, including multiple genres of heavy metal.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ rarely features guitar solos; the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Many nu metal guitarists use that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Vocal styles in include singing, rapping, screaming and growling.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Brad Delson __knowledge__ Bradford Phillip Delson (born December 1, 1977) is an American musician and record producer, best known as the lead guitarist and one of the founding members of the Grammy Award winning rock band Linkin Park.", "Brad Delson __knowledge__ Brad Delson attended Agoura High School in Agoura Hills, an affluent suburb of Los Angeles, with childhood friend and Linkin Park band mate Mike Shinoda.", "Brad Delson __knowledge__ He played in various bands throughout his high school career, the most notable being Relative Degree, in which he met and teamed up with drummer Rob Bourdon.", "Brad Delson __knowledge__ Relative Degree's goal was simply to play a show, and, after achieving that goal, they disbanded.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ A Thousand Suns is the fourth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ It was released on September 8, 2010, by Warner Bros. Records.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ The album was written by the band and was produced by Linkin Park vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin, who worked together to produce the band's previous studio album \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ Recording sessions for \"A Thousand Suns\" took place at NRG Recording Studios in North Hollywood, California from 2008 until early 2010.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ \"A Thousand Suns\" is a concept album dealing with human fears such as nuclear warfare.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ The band has said the album is a drastic departure from their previous work; they experimented on different and new sounds." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\" (2000), which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-Platinum in several other countries.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in \"Hybrid Theory\" and \"Meteora\", the band explored other genres on their next studio album, \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The album topped the \"Billboard\" charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010), layering their music with more electronic sounds.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"Living Things\" (2012), combines musical elements from all of their previous records.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their sixth album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014), returned to a heavier rock sound.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their seventh album \"One More Light\", a more electronic and pop-oriented record, was released on May 19, 2017.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Good Game is an Australian television gaming programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), which aired on ABC2.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Created by Janet Carr, Jeremy Ray and Michael Makowski.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show began in 2006 and includes a mix of gaming news, reviews, and features.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The original hosts were Jeremy \"Junglist\" Ray and Michael \"Kapowski\" Makowski; the latter was replaced by Steven \"Bajo\" O'Donnell in 2007, and the former was replaced by Stephanie \"Hex\" Bendixsen in 2009.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Other on screen presenters included field reporter Gus \"Goose\" Ronald and Dave Callan.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show is named after the friendly phrase gamers traditionally say after completing a competitive match.", "Common good __knowledge__ In philosophy, economics, and political science, the common good (also commonwealth, common weal or general welfare) refers to either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service.", "Common good __knowledge__ The concept of the common good differs significantly among philosophical doctrines.", "Common good __knowledge__ Early conceptions of the common good were set out by Ancient Greek philosophers, including Aristotle and Plato.", "Common good __knowledge__ One understanding of the common good rooted in Aristotle's philosophy remains in common usage today, referring to what one contemporary scholar calls the \"good proper to, and attainable only by, the community, yet individually shared by its members.\"", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ Matthew Frederick Robert Good (born June 29, 1971) is a Canadian rock musician.", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ He was the lead singer and songwriter for the Matthew Good Band, one of Canada's most successful alternative rock bands in the 1990s, before dissolving the band in 2002.", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ In the years since the Matthew Good Band's disbanding, Good has pursued a solo career and established himself as a political and mental health activist.", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ Good has received 21 Juno Award nominations during his career, winning four.", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ Good's early career in music involved a variety of folk demos and a stint as the lead singer of a folk band, the Rochester Kings.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In religion, ethics, philosophy, and psychology \"good and evil\" is a very common dichotomy.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In cultures with Manichaean and Abrahamic religious influence, evil is usually perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In cultures with Buddhist spiritual influence, both good and evil are perceived as part of an antagonistic duality that itself must be overcome through achieving \"Śūnyatā\" meaning emptiness in the sense of recognition of good and evil being two opposing principles but not a reality, emptying the duality of them, and achieving a oneness.", "Public good __knowledge__ In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others.", "Public good __knowledge__ Gravelle and Rees: \"The defining characteristic of a public good is that consumption of it by one individual does not actually or potentially reduce the amount available to be consumed by another individual.\"", "Public good __knowledge__ In a non-economic sense, the term is often used to describe something that is useful for the public generally, such as education and infrastructure, although these are not \"public goods\" in the economic sense.", "Good __knowledge__ In its most general context, the concept of good denotes that conduct which is to be preferred and prescribed by society and its social constituents as beneficial and useful to the social needs of society and its preferred conventions.", "Good __knowledge__ Good is generally considered to be the opposite of evil.", "Good __knowledge__ The concept is of interest in the study of morality, ethics, religion and philosophy, and the specific meaning and etiology of the term and its associated translations among ancient and contemporary languages has varied substantially in its inflected meaning depending on circumstances of place, history, religious context and philosophical context.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The Nicomachean Ethics (; Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The work, which plays a pre-eminent role in defining Aristotelian ethics, consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The title is often assumed to refer to his son Nicomachus, to whom the work was dedicated or who may have edited it (although his young age makes this less likely).", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ Alternatively, the work may have been dedicated to his father, who was also called Nicomachus.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The theme of the work is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, of how men should best live.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ The Hunting Party is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ The album, produced by band members Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, was released by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop on June 13, 2014.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ It is the first album since \"Meteora\" (2003) not to be produced with Rick Rubin, after producing the band's previous three studio albums.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ The title \"The Hunting Party\" is a contextual metaphor: Linkin Park is the party that is hunting to bring back the energy and soul of rock.", "The Hunting Party (album) __knowledge__ \"The Hunting Party\" is a departure from the electronic rock sound of the band's previous two studio albums, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010) and \"Living Things\" (2012).", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ Stained Glass (; lit.", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Glass Picture\") is a 2004 South Korean television drama series starring Lee Dong-gun, Kim Ha-neul, and Kim Sung-soo.", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ It aired on SBS from December 1, 2004 to February 3, 2005 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 18 episodes.", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ The title refers to the stained glass artwork found in Roman Catholic Churches.", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ Dong-joo and Gi-tae were both abandoned by their parents as children.", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ They grew up together in an orphanage and became best friends.", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ After a family tragedy, Ji-soo was transferred to the orphanage where Gi-tae and Dong-joo were.", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ Both boys fell for Ji-soo.", "Stained Glass (TV series) __knowledge__ One day while in the church, the three of them made a vow: Dong-joo and Gi-tae made a promise to take care of and protect Ji-soo in the absence of the other.", "The Hunting Party (2007 film) __knowledge__ The Hunting Party is a 2007 American action-adventure-thriller film with elements of political activism and dark satire starring Richard Gere, Terrence Howard, Diane Kruger and Jesse Eisenberg.", "The Hunting Party (2007 film) __knowledge__ The working title for this film was \"Spring Break in Bosnia\" before being changed to \"The Hunting Party\" during post-production.", "The Hunting Party (2007 film) __knowledge__ \"The Hunting Party\" had its world premiere at the 64th Venice International Film Festival on September 3, 2007.", "The Hunting Party (2007 film) __knowledge__ The movie turned out to be a huge disappointment domestically, grossing only US$969,869 in US theatres.", "The Hunting Party (2007 film) __knowledge__ The film begins with a disclaimer: \"Only the most ridiculous parts of this story are true\".", "Dick Cheney hunting incident __knowledge__ On February 11, 2006, U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney shot Harry Whittington, a 78-year-old Texas attorney while participating in a quail hunt on a ranch in Riviera, Texas.", "Dick Cheney hunting incident __knowledge__ Both Cheney and Whittington called the incident an accident.", "Dick Cheney hunting incident __knowledge__ The incident was reported to the \"Corpus Christi Caller-Times\" on February 12, 2006, by ranch owner Katherine Armstrong.", "Dick Cheney hunting incident __knowledge__ The Bush administration disclosed the shooting incident to the public the afternoon of February 12.", "Dick Cheney hunting incident __knowledge__ Local authorities released a report on the shooting on February 16, 2006, and witness statements on February 22.", "Dick Cheney hunting incident __knowledge__ On February 14, 2006, Whittington suffered a non-fatal heart attack and atrial fibrillation due to at least one lead-shot pellet lodged in or near his heart.", "The Hunting Party Tour __knowledge__ The Hunting Party Tour was the eleventh concert tour by American alternative metal band Linkin Park.", "The Hunting Party Tour __knowledge__ It was launched in support of Linkin Park's sixth studio album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014).", "The Hunting Party Tour __knowledge__ The tour was partially announced in May 2014 through a teaser released after the release of trailer of a co-headlined tour \"Carnivores Tour\" by Linkin Park and Thirty Seconds to Mars.", "The Hunting Party Tour __knowledge__ Later, the tour was officially announced on November 23 with a whole trailer in promotion.", "The Hunting Party Tour __knowledge__ Its first leg under the name \"European Tour\" began on May 30, 2014, in Lisboa, Portugal, and ended on June 14 in Castle Donington, England, where they played \"Hybrid Theory\" as a whole album.", "Shalako (film) __knowledge__ Shalako is a British 1968 Western film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot.", "Shalako (film) __knowledge__ It was filmed in Almería, Spain.", "Shalako (film) __knowledge__ The cast also includes Stephen Boyd, Jack Hawkins, and Honor Blackman, Connery's co-star in \"Goldfinger.\"", "Shalako (film) __knowledge__ It is based on a novel by Louis L'Amour.", "Shalako (film) __knowledge__ In 1880 in New Mexico, frontier adventurer Bosky Fulton (Stephen Boyd) and his men lead a hunting party of European aristocrats and their servants, along with a retired American politician and his wife, into Apache territory.", "Shalako (film) __knowledge__ When a French countess, Irina Lazaar (Brigitte Bardot), wanders off, she is attacked by Apache warriors on horseback." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\" (2000), which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-Platinum in several other countries.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in \"Hybrid Theory\" and \"Meteora\", the band explored other genres on their next studio album, \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The album topped the \"Billboard\" charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010), layering their music with more electronic sounds.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"Living Things\" (2012), combines musical elements from all of their previous records.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their sixth album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014), returned to a heavier rock sound.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their seventh album \"One More Light\", a more electronic and pop-oriented record, was released on May 19, 2017.", "NUMB (gene) __knowledge__ Protein numb homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"NUMB\" gene.", "NUMB (gene) __knowledge__ The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in the determination of cell fates during development.", "NUMB (gene) __knowledge__ The encoded protein, whose degradation is induced in a proteasome-dependent manner by MDM2, is a membrane-bound protein that has been shown to associate with EPS15, LNX1, and NOTCH1.", "NUMB (gene) __knowledge__ Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.", "NUMB (gene) __knowledge__ The protein Numb is coded for by the gene, \"NUMB\", whose mechanism appears to be evolutionarily conserved.", "NUMB (gene) __knowledge__ Numb has been extensively studied in both invertebrates and mammals, though its function is best understood in \"Drosophila\".", "Numb (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Numb\" is a song recorded by American singer Usher for his seventh studio album \"Looking 4 Myself\" (2012).", "Numb (Usher song) __knowledge__ Usher co-wrote it with Ryon Lovett and Terry Lewis, with production and additional writing provided by Swedish House Mafia, Alesso, and Klas Åhlund.", "Numb (Usher song) __knowledge__ After their joint performance at the 2010 American Music Awards, Usher and Swedish House Mafia managed to start working on recording sessions for Usher's seventh studio album in Atlanta.", "Numb (Usher song) __knowledge__ RCA Records solicited \"Numb\" to contemporary hit radio stations on August 21, 2012 in the US as fourth single from the album.", "Numb (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Numb\" is a dance-pop and electropop song with house elements which contains revolutionary pop music influences.", "Numb (U2 song) __knowledge__ \"Numb\" is a song by rock band U2.", "Numb (U2 song) __knowledge__ It is the third track from their 1993 album \"Zooropa\" and was released in June 1993 as the album's first single.", "Numb (U2 song) __knowledge__ The song features a monotonous mantra of \"don't\" commands spoken by guitarist the Edge amidst a backdrop of various sound effects and samples.", "Numb (U2 song) __knowledge__ The noisy composition and lyrical concept for \"Numb\" were inspired by the theme of sensory overload, which had prominently been incorporated into the Zoo TV Tour.", "Numb (U2 song) __knowledge__ Lead singer Bono and drummer Larry Mullen Jr. provided backing vocals on the track.", "Numb (U2 song) __knowledge__ The song received remixes from Paul Oakenfold, Rollo Armstrong and Rob Dougan.", "Zooropa __knowledge__ Zooropa is the eighth studio album by Irish rock band U2.", "Zooropa __knowledge__ Produced by Flood, Brian Eno, and The Edge, it was released on 5 July 1993 on Island Records.", "Zooropa __knowledge__ Inspired by the band's experiences on the Zoo TV Tour, \"Zooropa\" expanded on many of the tour's themes of technology and media oversaturation.", "Zooropa __knowledge__ The record was a continuation of the group's experimentation with alternative rock, electronic dance music, and electronic sound effects that began with their previous album, \"Achtung Baby\", in 1991.", "Zooropa __knowledge__ U2 began writing and recording \"Zooropa\" in Dublin in February 1993, during a six-month break between legs of the Zoo TV Tour.", "Northwestern University Wildcat Marching Band __knowledge__ The Northwestern University Wildcat Marching Band (NUMB) is the marching band of Northwestern University.", "Northwestern University Wildcat Marching Band __knowledge__ NUMB provides pregame, halftime, and postgame field performances at all home football games while school is in session as well as performing in various pep bands and at \"Wildcat Alley\" before the game.", "Northwestern University Wildcat Marching Band __knowledge__ Other NUMB performances include appearances at numerous Wildcat Welcome and City of Evanston events in early September, any post-season football games, and one Big Ten away game per season.", "Northwestern University Wildcat Marching Band __knowledge__ In 1911, Northwestern's first University-sanctioned marching band was organized to play at football games.", "Comfortably Numb __knowledge__ \"Comfortably Numb\" (working title \"The Doctor\") is a song by the English rock band Pink Floyd, which first appears on the 1979 double album \"The Wall\".", "Comfortably Numb __knowledge__ It was also released as a single in 1980 with \"Hey You\" as the B-side.", "Comfortably Numb __knowledge__ It is one of only three songs on the album for which writing credits are shared between guitarist David Gilmour and bassist Roger Waters.", "Comfortably Numb __knowledge__ The chorus music and guitar solos were written by Gilmour while Waters contributed the lyrics and the music for the verses.", "Comfortably Numb __knowledge__ An early version of the song was included under the working title on the \"Immersion Box Set\" of \"The Wall\", released in 2012.", "Stephanie's Kitten __knowledge__ Stephanie's Kitten (foaled March 26, 2009) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning two Breeders' Cup races.", "Stephanie's Kitten __knowledge__ As a two-year-old in 2011 she won the Grade I Alcibiades Stakes and the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf.", "Stephanie's Kitten __knowledge__ She won the Edgewood Stakes and the Lake Placid Stakes in 2012 and went on to win the Churchill Distaff Turf Mile Stakes and the Just A Game Stakes in 2013.", "Stephanie's Kitten __knowledge__ As a five-year-old in 2014 she won the Flower Bowl Invitational Stakes and finished second in the Breeders' Cup Filly and Mare Turf.", "Stephanie's Kitten __knowledge__ In 2015 she won the Hillsborough Stakes and a second Flower Bowl Invitational Stakes before ending her career with victory in the Breeders' Cup Filly and Mare Turf.", "Wait A While __knowledge__ Wait A While (foaled March 4, 2003) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare.", "Wait A While __knowledge__ Although she showed some good form on dirt she had her greatest success on turf and won twelve of her twenty-four races in a track career which lasted from August 2005 until October 2008.", "Wait A While __knowledge__ As a two-year-old she won two of her four races including the Miss Grillo Stakes.", "Wait A While __knowledge__ In the following year she won the Davona Dale Stakes, Sands Point Stakes, American Oaks, Lake Placid Stakes and Yellow Ribbon Stakes in a campaign which saw her being voted that season's American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly.", "Wait A While __knowledge__ Her third season was disrupted by illness and injury but she did win the Honey Fox Stakes and the Ballston Spa Handicap.", "Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) __knowledge__ In a thought experiment proposed by the Italian probabilist Bruno de Finetti in order to justify Bayesian probability, an array of wagers is coherent precisely if it does not expose the wagerer to certain loss regardless of the outcomes of events on which they are wagering, even if their opponent makes the most judicious choices.", "Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) __knowledge__ One must set the price of a promise to pay $1 if John Smith wins tomorrow's election, and $0 otherwise.", "Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) __knowledge__ One knows that one's opponent will be able to choose either to buy such a promise from one at the price one has set, or require one to buy such a promise from them, still at the same price.", "Jirdeh-e Pasikhan __knowledge__ Jirdeh-e Pasikhan (, also Romanized as Jīrdeh-e Pasīkhān; also known as Pasīkhān) is a village in Molla Sara Rural District, in the Central District of Shaft County, Gilan Province, Iran.", "Jirdeh-e Pasikhan __knowledge__ At the 2006 census, its population was 664, in 176 families.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Wicked Strong __knowledge__ Wicked Strong (foaled April 28, 2011 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.", "Wicked Strong __knowledge__ He established himself as a contender for the 2014 Kentucky Derby with a win in the Wood Memorial Stakes.", "Wicked Strong __knowledge__ He finished fourth in both the Kentucky Derby and the Belmont Stakes before winning the Jim Dandy Stakes.", "Wicked Strong __knowledge__ Wicked Strong is a bay colt with a white star bred in Kentucky by William F. Lynn.", "Wicked Strong __knowledge__ He is one of the best horses sired by Hard Spun, who finished second in the 2007 Kentucky Derby before winning the King's Bishop Stakes.", "Wicked Strong __knowledge__ Hard Spun's other progeny includes CCA Oaks and Alabama Stakes winner Questing.", "Wicked Strong __knowledge__ His dam, Moyne Abbey was a half sister to the Grade III winner Gulch Approval and a descendent of the influential broodmare Lisette, making her a distant relative of Snow Chief, Al Bahathri and Haafhd.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ California Chrome (foaled February 18, 2011) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was named the 2014 and 2016 American Horse of the Year.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He won the 2014 Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the 2016 Dubai World Cup.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ In 2016, he surpassed Curlin as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ Bred in California, the chestnut-colored horse was named for his flashy white markings, called \"chrome\" by horse aficionados.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was bred and originally owned by Perry Martin from Yuba City, California, and Steve Coburn of Topaz Lake, Nevada, who named their partnership DAP Racing, standing for \"Dumb Ass Partners\"—a tongue-in-cheek response to a passerby who questioned their wisdom in purchasing California Chrome's dam, Love the Chase." ] ]

[ 2, 8, 0, 3 ]

[ "Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album Hybrid Theory it is also my favorite albumb", "i think soo, have you heard their sixth albumb called The Hunting Party.", "Yes it's my second favorite albumb of all time", "I love it, Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success" ]

[ "Linkin Park", "Linkin Park", "Linkin Park", "Linkin Park" ]

[ "Farmer\nI live and a farming community and most of my family are farmers. Is there much farming where you live?", "Wow, I'm from the United States. I was raised on a dairy farm and I still miss it.", "Yes, now dairy farmers get very little pay for their milk. We also grew hay and corn. Corn is a big business in the U.S.", "Really? Never heard of that. Can you tell me more about it?", "Yes, I'm sure it can,lol. Just never heard of drinking it, Goat milk used to be a popular choice for babies here. It is supposedly easier on their stomachs." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock.", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer might own the farmed land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others, but in advanced economies, a farmer is usually a farm owner, while employees of the farm are known as farm workers, or farmhands.", "Farmer __knowledge__ However, in the not so distant past, a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of (a plant, crop, etc.)", "Farmer __knowledge__ by labor and attention, land or crops or raises animals (as livestock or fish).", "Farmer __knowledge__ Farming has been dated back as far as the Neolithic era.", "Farmer __knowledge__ By the Bronze Age, the Sumerians had an agriculture specialized labor force by 5000–4000 BCE, and heavily depended on irrigation to grow crops.", "Farmer __knowledge__ They relied on three-person teams when harvesting in the spring.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The Ancient Egypt farmers farmed and relied and irrigated their water from the Nile.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Animal husbandry, the practice of rearing animals specifically for farming purposes, has existed for thousands of years.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ Edwardsburgh/Cardinal is a township in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville of eastern Ontario, Canada.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ Edwardsburgh township was first surveyed in 1783, and incorporated in 1850.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ The township was formerly a part of the historical Grenville County before it merged with Leeds County to form the United Counties in the 19th century.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ The Township of Edwardsburgh/Cardinal was formed on January 1, 2001, through the amalgamation of Edwardsburgh Township with the Village of Cardinal.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ It is a historical community with many old homes and buildings; including one-room school houses, grist mills, and churches.", "White people in Zimbabwe __knowledge__ White Zimbabweans (also referred to as white Rhodesians or simply Rhodesians) are people from the southern African country Zimbabwe who are white.", "White people in Zimbabwe __knowledge__ In linguistic, cultural and historical terms, these Zimbabweans of European ethnic origin are divided between the English-speaking descendants of British and Irish settlers, the Afrikaans-speaking descendants of Afrikaners from South Africa, and those descended from Greek and Portuguese settlers.", "White people in Zimbabwe __knowledge__ A small number of people of European ethnicity first came to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) as settlers during the late-nineteenth century, during the Scramble for Africa.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture, urban farming, or urban gardening is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around a village, town, or city.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture can also involve animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, urban beekeeping, and horticulture.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ These activities occur in peri-urban areas as well, and peri-urban agriculture may have different characteristics.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture can reflect varying levels of economic and social development.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ In the global north, it often takes the form of a social movement for sustainable communities, where organic growers, ‘foodies,’ and ‘locavores’ form social networks founded on a shared ethos of nature and community holism.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ The history of Poles in the United States dates to the American Colonial era.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Poles have lived in present-day United States territories for over 400 years—since 1608.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ There are 10 million Americans of Polish descent in the U.S. today, making it the largest diaspora of Poles in the world.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Polish Americans have always been the largest group of Slavic origin in the United States.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Historians divide Polish American immigration into three \"waves\", the largest from 1870 to 1914, a second after World War II, and a third after Poland's independence in 1989.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Most Polish Americans are descended from the first wave, when millions of Poles fled Polish districts of Germany, Russia, and Austria.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Organic farming continues to be developed by various organic agriculture organizations today.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ It relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ In general, organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ Augusta Township is a township in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville; located in eastern Ontario, Canada.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ Augusta is situated along the Saint Lawrence River, and extends back into rural hamlets.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ The township is located between the city of Brockville to the west, and the town of Prescott to the east.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ The hamlets and villages within Augusta were established prior to the 1900s; primarily by the United Empire Loyalists.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ There are plenty of buildings and homes still standing in the township today that were built by early settlers; many of these historic homes are even still occupied by direct descendants of the first settlers.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Agriculture in the United Kingdom uses 69% of the country's land area, employs 1.5% of its workforce (476,000 people) and contributes 0.62% of its gross value added (£9.9 billion).", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The UK produces less than 60% of the food it eats.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Although agricultural activity occurs in most rural locations, it is concentrated in East Anglia (crops) and the South West (livestock).", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Of the 212,000 farm holdings, there is a wide variation in size from under 20 to over 100 hectares.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Despite skilled farmers, high technology, fertile soil and subsidies, farm earnings are relatively low, mainly due to low prices at the farm gate." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock.", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer might own the farmed land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others, but in advanced economies, a farmer is usually a farm owner, while employees of the farm are known as farm workers, or farmhands.", "Farmer __knowledge__ However, in the not so distant past, a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of (a plant, crop, etc.)", "Farmer __knowledge__ by labor and attention, land or crops or raises animals (as livestock or fish).", "Farmer __knowledge__ Farming has been dated back as far as the Neolithic era.", "Farmer __knowledge__ By the Bronze Age, the Sumerians had an agriculture specialized labor force by 5000–4000 BCE, and heavily depended on irrigation to grow crops.", "Farmer __knowledge__ They relied on three-person teams when harvesting in the spring.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The Ancient Egypt farmers farmed and relied and irrigated their water from the Nile.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Animal husbandry, the practice of rearing animals specifically for farming purposes, has existed for thousands of years.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In developed countries, dairy farms typically consist of high producing dairy cows.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Other species used in commercial dairy farming include goats, sheep, and camels.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ While cattle were domesticated as early as 11,000 years ago as a food source and as beasts of burden, the earliest evidence of using domesticated cows for dairy production is the seventh millennium BC - the early Neolithic era - in northwestern Anatolia .", "Dairy __knowledge__ A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or processing (or both) of animal milk – mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffaloes, sheep, horses, or camels – for human consumption.", "Dairy __knowledge__ A dairy is typically located on a dedicated dairy farm or in a section of a multi-purpose farm (mixed farm) that is concerned with the harvesting of milk.", "Dairy __knowledge__ Terminology differs between countries.", "Dairy __knowledge__ For example, in the United States, an entire dairy farm is commonly called a \"dairy\".", "Dairy __knowledge__ The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a \"milking parlor\" or \"parlor\".", "Dairy __knowledge__ The farm area where milk is stored in bulk tanks is known as the farm's \"milk house\".", "Dairy Farm International Holdings __knowledge__ Dairy Farm International Holdings Limited is an Hongkong retail company with its legal base in Bermuda.", "Dairy Farm International Holdings __knowledge__ A member of the Jardine Matheson Group, it is a major pan-Asian retailer involved in the processing and wholesaling of food and personal hygiene products in the Pacific region and in China.", "Dairy Farm International Holdings __knowledge__ Jardine Strategic, a publicly listed holding company, has an attributable 78% stake in the firm.", "Dairy Farm International Holdings __knowledge__ It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, with secondary listings on the Singapore and Bermuda stock exchanges.", "Dairy Farm International Holdings __knowledge__ The company head office is in the Devon House () in Taikoo Place, Quarry Bay.", "Dairy Farm International Holdings __knowledge__ As of 30 June 2013, the Group, its associates and joint ventures operated over 5,700 outlets; Wellcome/Food World (supermarkets), 50% share of Maxim's Catering (foodservice), Cold Storage (supermarkets), Jasons Market Place/Market Place by Jasons/Jasons Food Hall (high end supermarkets), Shop 'n Save (discount supermarkets), Giant (hypermarkets), Mannings/Guardian (health and beauty) stores; it also operates 7-Eleven (convenience stores) throughout the region, and IKEA (home furnishings) stores in Hong Kong, Macau, Indonesia and Taiwan.", "I Still Miss Someone __knowledge__ \"I Still Miss Someone\" is a song written and originally recorded by American country music singer Johnny Cash.", "I Still Miss Someone __knowledge__ He first recorded it in 1958 as the B-side to \"Don't Take Your Guns to Town\".", "I Still Miss Someone __knowledge__ Cash wrote \"I Still Miss Someone\" with his nephew, Roy Cash, Jr.", "I Still Miss Someone __knowledge__ He performed \"I Still Miss Someone\" during \"At Folsom Prison\", and most of Cash's live recordings after the 1960s also included this song.", "I Still Miss Someone __knowledge__ Cash appeared in \"Eat the Document\", which documented Bob Dylan's 1966 world tour, performing \"I Still Miss Someone\" with Dylan backstage.", "I Still Miss Someone __knowledge__ Cash later recorded the song as a duet with Dylan during sessions for Dylan's album \"Nashville Skyline\" in 1969; however, this duet has never been officially released.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Dairy cows generally are of the species \"Bos taurus\".", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Historically, there was little distinction between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ The United States dairy herd produced 83.9 billion kg (185 billion lbs) of milk in 2007, up from 52.6 billion kg (116 billion lbs) in 1950, yet there were only about 9 million cows on U.S. dairy farms—about 13 million fewer than there were in 1950.", "Briarcliff Farms __knowledge__ Briarcliff Farms was a farm established in 1890 by Walter William Law in Briarcliff Manor, a village in Westchester County, New York.", "Briarcliff Farms __knowledge__ One of several enterprises established by Law at the turn of the 20th century, the farm was known for its milk, butter, and cream and also produced other dairy products, American Beauty roses, bottled water, and print media.", "Briarcliff Farms __knowledge__ At its height, the farm was one of the largest dairy operations in the Northeastern United States, operating about with over 1,000 Jersey cattle.", "Briarcliff Farms __knowledge__ In 1907, the farm moved to Pine Plains in New York's Dutchess County, and it was purchased by New York banker Oakleigh Thorne in 1918, who developed it into an Angus cattle farm.", "Colonsay Farm __knowledge__ Colonsay Farm is a heritage-listed farm at 125 Doolong Road, Kawungan, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Colonsay Farm __knowledge__ It was built in 1909.", "Colonsay Farm __knowledge__ It is also known as Doolong Farm.", "Colonsay Farm __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 11 March 2011.", "Colonsay Farm __knowledge__ Colonsay (formerly known as Doolong Farm) at Kawungan in Hervey Bay stands on 62.9 hectares (155.4 acres) of a former 80.9 hectare (200 acre) farm selected by a Danish immigrant in 1879.", "Colonsay Farm __knowledge__ The existing structures were built during the first half of the 20th century, the high point of dairying in Queensland, and they illustrate past dairy farming practices in the Wide Bay region.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Agriculture in the United Kingdom uses 69% of the country's land area, employs 1.5% of its workforce (476,000 people) and contributes 0.62% of its gross value added (£9.9 billion).", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The UK produces less than 60% of the food it eats.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Although agricultural activity occurs in most rural locations, it is concentrated in East Anglia (crops) and the South West (livestock).", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Of the 212,000 farm holdings, there is a wide variation in size from under 20 to over 100 hectares.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Despite skilled farmers, high technology, fertile soil and subsidies, farm earnings are relatively low, mainly due to low prices at the farm gate.", "MacDonald of Ardnamurchan __knowledge__ The MacDonalds of Ardnamurchan also known as MacIain of Ardnamurchan, or Clan MacIan, were a Scottish family and a branch of the larger Clan Donald.", "MacDonald of Ardnamurchan __knowledge__ The founder of the Macdonalds of Ardnamurchan was Iain Sprangach MacDonald (d.1340), the third son of Angus Mor MacDonald (d.1292), 4th chief of the Clan Donald.", "MacDonald of Ardnamurchan __knowledge__ Iain is the Scottish Gaelic for the Christian name John.", "MacDonald of Ardnamurchan __knowledge__ The surname MacIain therefore means \"son of John\".", "MacDonald of Ardnamurchan __knowledge__ Iain Sprangach MacDonald was also known as \"John the Bold\".", "MacDonald of Ardnamurchan __knowledge__ His brother was a great ally of King Robert the Bruce.", "MacDonald of Ardnamurchan __knowledge__ His early affiliations appear to have been with the English and it is not clear whether his original grant of Ardnamurchan came from the 'puppet' king John Balliol or his illustrious brother.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ Edwardsburgh/Cardinal is a township in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville of eastern Ontario, Canada.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ Edwardsburgh township was first surveyed in 1783, and incorporated in 1850.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ The township was formerly a part of the historical Grenville County before it merged with Leeds County to form the United Counties in the 19th century.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ The Township of Edwardsburgh/Cardinal was formed on January 1, 2001, through the amalgamation of Edwardsburgh Township with the Village of Cardinal.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ It is a historical community with many old homes and buildings; including one-room school houses, grist mills, and churches.", "American frontier __knowledge__ The American frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American expansion that began with English colonial settlements in the early 17th century and ended with the admission of the last mainland territories as states in 1912.", "American frontier __knowledge__ \"Frontier\" refers to a contrasting region at the edge of a European-American line of settlement.", "American frontier __knowledge__ American historians cover multiple frontiers but the folklore is focused primarily on the conquest and settlement of Indian lands, west of the Mississippi River, in what is now the Midwest, Texas, the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, the Southwest, and the West Coast.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The emphasis is on economic performance and how it was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ Specialized business history is covered in American business history.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial economy differed significantly from that of most other regions in that land and natural resources were abundant in America but labor was scarce.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ From 1700 to 1775 the output of the thirteen colonies increased 12 fold, giving the colonies an economy about 30% the size of Britain's at the time of independence.", "Polavaram Project __knowledge__ Polavaram Project is a multi-purpose irrigation project which has been accorded national project status by the union government.", "Polavaram Project __knowledge__ This dam across the Godavari River is under construction located in West Godavari District and East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh state and its reservoir spreads in parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha States also.", "Polavaram Project __knowledge__ National River-Linking Project, which works under the aegis of the Indian Ministry of Water Resources, was designed to overcome the deficit in water in the country.", "Polavaram Project __knowledge__ As a part of this plan, surplus water from the Himalayan rivers is to be transferred to the peninsular rivers of India.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Organic farming continues to be developed by various organic agriculture organizations today.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ It relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ In general, organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock.", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer might own the farmed land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others, but in advanced economies, a farmer is usually a farm owner, while employees of the farm are known as farm workers, or farmhands.", "Farmer __knowledge__ However, in the not so distant past, a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of (a plant, crop, etc.)", "Farmer __knowledge__ by labor and attention, land or crops or raises animals (as livestock or fish).", "Farmer __knowledge__ Farming has been dated back as far as the Neolithic era.", "Farmer __knowledge__ By the Bronze Age, the Sumerians had an agriculture specialized labor force by 5000–4000 BCE, and heavily depended on irrigation to grow crops.", "Farmer __knowledge__ They relied on three-person teams when harvesting in the spring.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The Ancient Egypt farmers farmed and relied and irrigated their water from the Nile.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Animal husbandry, the practice of rearing animals specifically for farming purposes, has existed for thousands of years.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The 2008 Chinese milk scandal was a widespread food safety incident in China.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The scandal involved milk and infant formula along with other food materials and components being adulterated with melamine.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ A Fonterra director had given San Lu management a document detailing the European Union's permitted levels of melamine, but Fonterra chief executive Andrew Ferrier has stated that at no time did Fonterra say small amounts of melamine were acceptable.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ Of an estimated 300,000 victims in China, six babies died from kidney stones and other kidney damage and an estimated 54,000 babies were hospitalized.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In developed countries, dairy farms typically consist of high producing dairy cows.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Other species used in commercial dairy farming include goats, sheep, and camels.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ While cattle were domesticated as early as 11,000 years ago as a food source and as beasts of burden, the earliest evidence of using domesticated cows for dairy production is the seventh millennium BC - the early Neolithic era - in northwestern Anatolia .", "Supply management (Canada) __knowledge__ Supply management () is a catch-all term for marketing boards that control the price of milk, cheese, eggs, chicken, and turkey in Canada.", "Supply management (Canada) __knowledge__ This system was previously used in other countries, for example, New Zealand, and Australia but has since been removed due to deregulation and trade liberalization.", "Supply management (Canada) __knowledge__ It restricts the supply of these products by controlling the amount produced domestically and limiting imports with high tariffs.", "Supply management (Canada) __knowledge__ The regulated and restricted domestic supply and lack of foreign product increase prices for the end consumer, estimated to be 38% to 300% higher retail prices than what is paid in most other countries for the same commodities.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Agriculture in Connecticut __knowledge__ Agriculture played a major role in the early growth of Connecticut as one of the original 13 colonies that would form the United States of America, particularly in the Connecticut River valley which provided fertile soil, temperate climate and easy access to markets.", "Agriculture in Connecticut __knowledge__ As the Industrial Revolution helped focus capital on mercantile centers in the 19th century, Connecticut farmers over time ceded their relative economic and political influence.", "Agriculture in Connecticut __knowledge__ In the 21st century, farming remains a relatively small but still significant industry in Connecticut, employing some 12,000 people as of 2010.", "Agriculture in Connecticut __knowledge__ Ending years of steady declines, between 2002 and 2012 the number of Connecticut farms increased 43 percent, with one possible cause an increased consumer appetite for locally sourced food, drawing some younger people to start up small farms.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Dairy cows generally are of the species \"Bos taurus\".", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Historically, there was little distinction between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ The United States dairy herd produced 83.9 billion kg (185 billion lbs) of milk in 2007, up from 52.6 billion kg (116 billion lbs) in 1950, yet there were only about 9 million cows on U.S. dairy farms—about 13 million fewer than there were in 1950.", "Dairy Farmers __knowledge__ Dairy Farmers Pty Ltd, originally established in 1900, is a brand owned by Lion Dairy & Drinks, and is distributed mainly New South Wales & Queensland in Australia.", "Dairy Farmers __knowledge__ The core products sold under that Dairy Farmers brand are fresh milk (in NSW and Queensland only) and UHT \"long-life\" milk (Australia wide), as well as various other dairy snacks.", "Dairy Farmers __knowledge__ It supplies products to local and international markets such as Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia.", "Dairy Farmers __knowledge__ LD&D's factories (which carry the \"Dairy Farmers\" brand) are located at: These sites are also the locations printed on the back of all fresh milk bottles in NSW and QLD respectively.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Strained yogurt __knowledge__ Strained yogurt, Greek yogurt, yogurt cheese, or labaneh ( \"labnah\"), is yogurt that has been strained to remove most of its whey, resulting in a thicker consistency than unstrained yogurt, while preserving yogurt's distinctive, sour taste.", "Strained yogurt __knowledge__ Like many types of yogurt, strained yogurt is often made from milk that has been enriched by boiling off some of its water content, or by adding extra butterfat and powdered milk.", "Strained yogurt __knowledge__ In Europe and North America, it is often made with low-fat or fat-free yogurt.", "Strained yogurt __knowledge__ In Iceland a similar product named skyr is produced.", "Strained yogurt __knowledge__ Strained yogurt is sometimes marketed in North America as \"Greek yogurt\" and in Britain as \"Greek-style yoghurt\", though strained yogurt is also widely eaten in Levantine, Eastern Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Central Asian and South Asian cuisines, wherein it is often used in cooking (as it is high enough in fat content to avoid curdling at higher temperatures).", "Yogurt __knowledge__ Yogurt, yoghurt, or yoghourt ( or ; from ; other spellings listed below) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.", "Yogurt __knowledge__ The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as \"yogurt cultures\".", "Yogurt __knowledge__ Fermentation of lactose by these bacteria produces lactic acid, which acts on milk protein to give yogurt its texture and characteristic tart flavor.", "Yogurt __knowledge__ Cow's milk is commonly available worldwide, and, as such, is the milk most commonly used to make yogurt.", "Yogurt __knowledge__ Milk from water buffalo, goats, ewes, mares, camels, and yaks is also used to produce yogurt where available locally.", "Yogurt __knowledge__ Milk used may be homogenized or not (milk distributed in many parts of the world is homogenized); both types may be used, with substantially different results.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal, a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Other regions, such as Tripura, and the Barak Valley region of Assam (in India) also have large native Bengali populations and share this cuisine.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its spread of confectioneries and desserts.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the subcontinent that is analogous in structure to the modern \"service à la russe\" style of French cuisine, with food served course-wise rather than all at once.", "Udyoga Parva __knowledge__ The Udyoga Parva (), or \"the Book of Effort,\" is the fifth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.", "Udyoga Parva __knowledge__ Udyoga Parva has 10 sub-books and 198 chapters.", "Udyoga Parva __knowledge__ Udyoga Parva describes the period immediately after the exile of Pandavas had ended.", "Udyoga Parva __knowledge__ The Pandavas return, demand their half of the kingdom.", "Udyoga Parva __knowledge__ The Kauravas refuse.", "Udyoga Parva __knowledge__ The book includes the effort for peace that fails, followed by the effort to prepare for the great war - the Kurukshetra War.", "Udyoga Parva __knowledge__ \"Viduraniti\", a theory of leadership, is embedded in Udyoga Parva (Chapters 33-40).", "Udyoga Parva __knowledge__ The \"Sanatsujatiya\", a text commented upon by Adi Shankara, is contained within the Udyoga Parva (Chapters 41-46)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock.", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer might own the farmed land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others, but in advanced economies, a farmer is usually a farm owner, while employees of the farm are known as farm workers, or farmhands.", "Farmer __knowledge__ However, in the not so distant past, a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of (a plant, crop, etc.)", "Farmer __knowledge__ by labor and attention, land or crops or raises animals (as livestock or fish).", "Farmer __knowledge__ Farming has been dated back as far as the Neolithic era.", "Farmer __knowledge__ By the Bronze Age, the Sumerians had an agriculture specialized labor force by 5000–4000 BCE, and heavily depended on irrigation to grow crops.", "Farmer __knowledge__ They relied on three-person teams when harvesting in the spring.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The Ancient Egypt farmers farmed and relied and irrigated their water from the Nile.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Animal husbandry, the practice of rearing animals specifically for farming purposes, has existed for thousands of years.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin.", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ The Dominici affair was the criminal investigation into the triple murder of three Britons in France.", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ During the night of 4/5 August 1952, Sir Jack Drummond, a 61-year-old scientist; his 44-year-old wife Anne Wilbraham; and their 10-year-old daughter Elizabeth were murdered next to their car which was parked in a lay-by near \"La Grand'Terre\", the farm belonging to the Dominici family, located near the village of Lurs in the département of Basses-Alpes (now Alpes-de-Haute-Provence).", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ Family patriarch Gaston Dominici was convicted of the three murders in 1957 and sentenced to death, though it was widely believed that his guilt had not been clearly established.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ \"This Is It\" is a song co-written by American pop star and musician Michael Jackson and Canadian singer-songwriter Paul Anka.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ The song was recorded by the former and featured as a track on the album, \"This Is It\" (2009), which accompanies the 2009 concert documentary \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\".", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ It was premiered worldwide on Jackson's official website on October 12, 2009 four months after his death on June 25, 2009.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ Although Sony Music Entertainment referred to the song as a \"new single\" during its promotion, it was later confirmed that the song would only be sent for airplay, and not be available to buy as a single release.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ The 2008 presidential campaign of Joe Biden, the longtime Senator from Delaware, announced his candidacy for President of the United States on the edition of January 7, 2007 of \"Meet the Press\".", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ He officially became a candidate on January 31, 2007 after filing papers with the Federal Elections Commission.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ Biden had previously run for president in 1988, but failed to receive the nomination of the Democratic Party.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ If elected, Biden would have been the first sitting Senator and Roman Catholic to become president since John F. Kennedy, and the first President to be born during World War II.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ (b.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ 1942) During the campaign, Biden focused on his plan to achieve political success in the Iraq War through a system of federalization.", "Puyi __knowledge__ Puyi or Pu Yi (; 7 February 190617 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty.", "Puyi __knowledge__ When he was a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (; Manchu: \"gehungge yoso hūwangdi\") in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution.", "Puyi __knowledge__ From 1–12 July 1917, he was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun.", "Puyi __knowledge__ In 1932 after the occupation of Manchuria, the state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become 'Emperor' of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "Stanley Mitchell hut __knowledge__ The Stanley Mitchell hut is an alpine hut located at an altitude of in the Little Yoho Valley in Yoho National Park, British Columbia.", "Stanley Mitchell hut __knowledge__ It sits in a small meadow not far from the base of a mountain called The President.", "Stanley Mitchell hut __knowledge__ It serves as a base for hiking, scrambling, ski-touring and climbing the nearby mountains.", "Stanley Mitchell hut __knowledge__ The hut is maintained by the Alpine Club of Canada.", "Stanley Mitchell hut __knowledge__ Along with A.O.", "Stanley Mitchell hut __knowledge__ Wheeler and Elizabeth Parker, Stanley Mitchell was responsible for founding the Alpine Club of Canada in 1906, and from 1907 to 1930 he served as its Secretary-Treasurer.", "Stanley Mitchell hut __knowledge__ He had a great reputation as a gentleman among his fellow founders and the executive of the club, as well as the members he met at the club house in Banff.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In developed countries, dairy farms typically consist of high producing dairy cows.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Other species used in commercial dairy farming include goats, sheep, and camels.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ While cattle were domesticated as early as 11,000 years ago as a food source and as beasts of burden, the earliest evidence of using domesticated cows for dairy production is the seventh millennium BC - the early Neolithic era - in northwestern Anatolia .", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in the \"Shrek\" franchise and spin-offs from it.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers, Michael Gough as his official voice in the video games) is the lead character in of all of the films.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He prides himself on being a big, green, terrifying ogre and is ill-tempered and mean.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He begins the series as an unsociable hermit until he meets his soon-to-be best friend, Donkey.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ In a deal with Lord Farquaad, he and Donkey embark on a quest to save Princess Fiona from the castle in which she was confined.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Despite their differences, Shrek and Fiona fall in love, marry at the end of the first film, and have three ogre babies in the third film.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The 2008 Chinese milk scandal was a widespread food safety incident in China.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The scandal involved milk and infant formula along with other food materials and components being adulterated with melamine.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ A Fonterra director had given San Lu management a document detailing the European Union's permitted levels of melamine, but Fonterra chief executive Andrew Ferrier has stated that at no time did Fonterra say small amounts of melamine were acceptable.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ Of an estimated 300,000 victims in China, six babies died from kidney stones and other kidney damage and an estimated 54,000 babies were hospitalized.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock.", "Farmer __knowledge__ A farmer might own the farmed land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others, but in advanced economies, a farmer is usually a farm owner, while employees of the farm are known as farm workers, or farmhands.", "Farmer __knowledge__ However, in the not so distant past, a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of (a plant, crop, etc.)", "Farmer __knowledge__ by labor and attention, land or crops or raises animals (as livestock or fish).", "Farmer __knowledge__ Farming has been dated back as far as the Neolithic era.", "Farmer __knowledge__ By the Bronze Age, the Sumerians had an agriculture specialized labor force by 5000–4000 BCE, and heavily depended on irrigation to grow crops.", "Farmer __knowledge__ They relied on three-person teams when harvesting in the spring.", "Farmer __knowledge__ The Ancient Egypt farmers farmed and relied and irrigated their water from the Nile.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Animal husbandry, the practice of rearing animals specifically for farming purposes, has existed for thousands of years.", "Farmer __knowledge__ Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago.", "Goat __knowledge__ The domestic goat (\"Capra aegagrus hircus\") is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.", "Goat __knowledge__ The goat is a member of the family Bovidae and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae.", "Goat __knowledge__ There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat.", "Goat __knowledge__ Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins over much of the world.", "Goat __knowledge__ In 2011, there were more than 924 million live goats around the globe, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.", "Goat __knowledge__ Female goats are referred to as \"does\" or \"nannies\", intact males are called \"bucks\" or \"billies\" and juveniles of both sexes are called \"kids\".", "Breastfeeding __knowledge__ Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast.", "Breastfeeding __knowledge__ Health professionals recommend that breastfeeding begin within the first hour of a baby's life and continue as often and as much as the baby wants.", "Breastfeeding __knowledge__ During the first few weeks of life babies may nurse roughly every two to three hours.", "Breastfeeding __knowledge__ The duration of a feeding is usually ten to fifteen minutes on each breast.", "Breastfeeding __knowledge__ Older children feed less often.", "Breastfeeding __knowledge__ Mothers may pump milk so that it can be used later when breastfeeding is not possible.", "Breastfeeding __knowledge__ Breastfeeding has a number of benefits to both mother and baby, which infant formula lacks.", "Goat farming __knowledge__ Goat farming is the raising and breeding of domestic goats (\"Capra aegagrus hircus\").", "Goat farming __knowledge__ It is a branch of animal husbandry.", "Goat farming __knowledge__ Goats are raised principally for their meat, milk, fibre and skin.", "Goat farming __knowledge__ Goat farming can be very suited to production with other livestock such as sheep and cattle on low-quality grazing land.", "Goat farming __knowledge__ Goats efficiently convert sub-quality grazing matter that is less desirable for other livestock into quality lean meat.", "Goat farming __knowledge__ Furthermore, goats can be farmed with a relatively small area of pasture and limited resources.", "Goat farming __knowledge__ As with other herbivores, the number of animals that a goat farmer can raise and sustain is dependent on the quality of the pasture.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Meyenberg Goat Milk __knowledge__ Meyenberg Goat Milk is a brand of goat milk products created by the son of John Baptiste Meyenberg.", "Meyenberg Goat Milk __knowledge__ Meyenberg was established in 1934.", "Meyenberg Goat Milk __knowledge__ Goat milk was first evaporated by John P. Meyenberg, John B. Meyenberg's son.", "Meyenberg Goat Milk __knowledge__ The company, now owned by Jackson family, is located in Turlock, California.", "Meyenberg Goat Milk __knowledge__ On the back of a carton of Meyenberg goat milk it reads: \"The MEYENBERG tradition of producing quality goat milk in the late 1800s when a Swiss immigrant invented the process for evaporating cow's milk.\"", "Meyenberg Goat Milk __knowledge__ Meyenberg Goat Milk Products are the top producers of commercially distributed goat milk in the United States.", "Infant formula __knowledge__ Infant formula is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age, usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or without additional water).", "Infant formula __knowledge__ The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) defines infant formula as \"a food which purports to be or is represented for special dietary use solely as a food for infants by reason of its simulation of human milk or its suitability as a complete or partial substitute for human milk\".", "Infant formula __knowledge__ Manufacturers state that the composition of infant formula is designed to be roughly based on a human mother's milk at approximately one to three months postpartum; however, there are significant differences in the nutrient content of these products.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The 2008 Chinese milk scandal was a widespread food safety incident in China.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The scandal involved milk and infant formula along with other food materials and components being adulterated with melamine.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ A Fonterra director had given San Lu management a document detailing the European Union's permitted levels of melamine, but Fonterra chief executive Andrew Ferrier has stated that at no time did Fonterra say small amounts of melamine were acceptable.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ Of an estimated 300,000 victims in China, six babies died from kidney stones and other kidney damage and an estimated 54,000 babies were hospitalized.", "Mammal __knowledge__ Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia ( from Latin \"mamma\" \"breast\"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.", "Mammal __knowledge__ Females of all mammal species nurse their young with milk, secreted from the mammary glands.", "Mammal __knowledge__ Mammals include the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale.", "Mammal __knowledge__ The basic body type is a terrestrial quadruped, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, underground or on two legs.", "Mammal __knowledge__ The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables the feeding of the fetus during gestation.", "Donkey __knowledge__ The donkey or ass (\"Equus africanus asinus\") is a domesticated member of the horse family, Equidae.", "Donkey __knowledge__ The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African wild ass, \"E. africanus\".", "Donkey __knowledge__ The donkey has been used as a working animal for at least 5000 years.", "Donkey __knowledge__ There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals.", "Donkey __knowledge__ Working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence levels.", "Donkey __knowledge__ Small numbers of donkeys are kept for breeding or as pets in developed countries.", "Donkey __knowledge__ A male donkey or ass is called a jack, a female a jenny or jennet; a young donkey is a foal.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In developed countries, dairy farms typically consist of high producing dairy cows.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Other species used in commercial dairy farming include goats, sheep, and camels.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ While cattle were domesticated as early as 11,000 years ago as a food source and as beasts of burden, the earliest evidence of using domesticated cows for dairy production is the seventh millennium BC - the early Neolithic era - in northwestern Anatolia .", "Sexual intercourse __knowledge__ Sexual intercourse (or coitus or copulation) is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.", "Sexual intercourse __knowledge__ This is also known as vaginal intercourse or vaginal sex.", "Sexual intercourse __knowledge__ Other forms of penetrative sexual intercourse include anal sex (penetration of the anus by the penis), oral sex (penetration of the mouth by the penis or oral penetration of the female genitalia), fingering (sexual penetration by the fingers), and penetration by use of a dildo (especially a strap-on dildo).", "Sexual intercourse __knowledge__ These activities involve physical intimacy between two or more individuals and are usually used among humans solely for physical or emotional pleasure and can contribute to human bonding.", "Breast milk __knowledge__ Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female to feed a child.", "Breast milk __knowledge__ Milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to eat and digest other foods; older infants and toddlers may continue to be breastfed, either exclusively or in combination with other foods from around six months of age when solid foods may be introduced.", "Breast milk __knowledge__ The baby nursing from his or her own mother is the most common way of obtaining breast milk, but the milk can be pumped and then fed by baby bottle, cup and/or spoon, supplementation drip system, or nasogastric tube.", "Human–animal breastfeeding __knowledge__ Human–animal breastfeeding has been practiced in many different cultures in many time periods.", "Human–animal breastfeeding __knowledge__ The practice of breastfeeding or suckling between humans and other species has gone in both directions: human females sometimes breastfeed young animals, and animals are used to suckle babies and children.", "Human–animal breastfeeding __knowledge__ Animals were used as substitute wet nurses for infants, particularly after the rise of syphilis increased the health risks of wet nursing.", "Human–animal breastfeeding __knowledge__ Goats and donkeys were widely used to feed abandoned babies in foundling hospitals in 18th- and 19th-century Europe.", "Human–animal breastfeeding __knowledge__ Breastfeeding animals has also been practised, whether for health reasons – such as to toughen the nipples and improve the flow of milk – or for religious and cultural purposes." ] ]

[ 41, 12, 20, 75, 30 ]

[ "Yes - we live opposite farm land. Nearly 70% of the UK is actually used for agriculture.", "My favourite kind of farming - couldn't live without milk (and yogurt and cheese etc)", "They need to diversify like in Italy - donkey dairies are getting quite popular there now. It's good for babies apparently.", "Yeah basically milk can be extracted from most non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy - so why not donkeys!", "Goat farming's pretty popular nowadays as you don't need much space or equipment." ]

[ "Farmer", "Farmer", "Farmer", "Farmer", "Farmer" ]

[ "Pizza\nPizza has got to be one of my very favorite foods! What is your favorite style? I prefer thin crust Italian style.", "I hope you like cheese on the pizza with the pepperonni! What exactly is pepperonni? ", "Do you like any other types of sauce on your pizza?", "What type of crust do you like? Thin crust? Deep dish?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ California-style pizza (also known as California pizza or Gourmet pizza) is a style of single-serving pizza that combines New York and Italian thin crust with toppings from the California cuisine cooking style.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Its invention is generally attributed to chef Ed LaDou, and Chez Panisse, in Berkeley, California.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Wolfgang Puck, after meeting LaDou, popularized the style of pizza in the rest of the country.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ It is served in a number of California Cuisine restaurants.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Such restaurant chains as California Pizza Kitchen, Extreme Pizza, and Sammy's Woodfired Pizza are three major pizza franchises associated with California-style pizza.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Pizza cheese encompasses several varieties and types of cheeses and dairy products that are designed and manufactured for use specifically on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ These include processed and modified cheese such as mozzarella-like processed cheeses and mozzarella variants.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The term can also refer to any type of cheese suitable for use on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The most popular cheeses used in the preparation of pizza are mozzarella (accounting for about 30%), provolone, cheddar and Parmesan.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Emmental, Romano and ricotta are often used as toppings, and processed pizza cheeses manufactured specifically for pizza are mass-produced.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Chuck E. Cheese's __knowledge__ Chuck E. Cheese’s (formerly Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre and Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza) is a chain of American family entertainment centers and restaurants.", "Chuck E. Cheese's __knowledge__ The chain is the primary brand of CEC Entertainment, Inc. and is headquartered in Irving, Texas.", "Chuck E. Cheese's __knowledge__ The establishment serves pizza and other menu items, complemented by arcade games, amusement rides, and animatronic displays as a focus of entertainment for the entire family.", "Chuck E. Cheese's __knowledge__ The brand derives its name from its main animatronic character Chuck E. Cheese, a comedic mouse who sings and interacts with guests.", "Chuck E. Cheese's __knowledge__ The first location opened in San Jose, California, as Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre on May 17, 1977.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ The presence of pizza restaurant chains has contributed to a significant increase in pizza consumption in China.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ This also had an effect of introducing cheese as a culinary ingredient and everyday food in China, which was relatively uncommon in Chinese cuisine prior to the emergence of pizza chains.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990, and several pizza restaurant chains exist in China today.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990, and Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza both expanded in the Chinese market in the 2000s.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Prior to entering the market, Pizza Hut performed market analysis and research into consumer food preferences, tastes, and dining habits, whereas Domino's simply entered the market providing their standard fare.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Cajun cuisine __knowledge__ Cajun cuisine (, ) is a style of cooking named for the French-speaking Acadian people deported by the British from Acadia in Canada to the Acadiana region of Louisiana.", "Cajun cuisine __knowledge__ It is what could be called a rustic cuisine; locally available ingredients predominate and preparation is simple.", "Cajun cuisine __knowledge__ An authentic Cajun meal is usually a three-pot affair, with one pot dedicated to the main dish, one dedicated to steamed rice, special made sausages, or some seafood dish, and the third containing whatever vegetable is plentiful or available.", "Cajun cuisine __knowledge__ Crawfish, shrimp, and andouille sausage are staple meats used in a variety of dishes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Rosati's __knowledge__ Rosati's Pizza is the second largest local chain of restaurants in the Chicago metropolitan area, (behind only Portillo's).", "Rosati's __knowledge__ The Rosati's Pizza franchise now consists of 158 locations with 25 being Rosati's Pizza Sports Pubs.", "Rosati's __knowledge__ Rosati's locations offers Chicago Deep Dish, Thin Crust, Double-Dough Pizzas, Calzones, a variety of pastas, sandwiches, salads, desserts along with catering.", "Rosati's __knowledge__ The chain centers its business around the thin-crust and deep dish varieties of Chicago-style pizza.", "Rosati's __knowledge__ Rosati's was established in 1964 in Mt.", "Rosati's __knowledge__ Prospect, IL.", "Rosati's __knowledge__ The Rosati's brand has opened locations around the country in: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin.", "Mantle (geology) __knowledge__ The mantle is a layer inside a terrestrial planet and some other rocky planetary bodies.", "Mantle (geology) __knowledge__ For a mantle to form, the planetary body must be large enough to have undergone the process of planetary differentiation by density.", "Mantle (geology) __knowledge__ The mantle is bounded on the bottom by the planetary core and on top by the crust.", "Mantle (geology) __knowledge__ The terrestrial planets (Earth, Venus, Mars and Mercury), the Moon, two of Jupiter's moons (Io and Europa) and the asteroid Vesta each have a mantle made of silicate rock.", "Mantle (geology) __knowledge__ Interpretation of spacecraft data suggests that at least two other moons of Jupiter (Ganymede and Callisto), as well as Titan and Triton, each have a mantle made of ice or other solid volatile substances.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "Sharam __knowledge__ Sharam Tayebi (, born January 12, 1970), better known as Sharam, is an Iranian-born American techno and house DJ and producer.", "Sharam __knowledge__ Born in Tehran, Iran, he emigrated to Washington D.C. as a child.", "Sharam __knowledge__ A mainstay of the Washington underground dance music scene, he has been active both as one half of the duo Deep Dish and solo artist, producer and mixer.", "Sharam __knowledge__ As part of Deep Dish, with Ali \"Dubfire\" Shirazinia, Sharam released two albums and produced or remixed a library of other releases including those from Janet Jackson, Stevie Nicks, Rolling Stones as well as others.", "Sharam __knowledge__ The duo received a Grammy nomination for their remix of Madonna's \"Music\" and won the \"Best Remixed Recording\" Grammy for their remix of Dido's \"Thank You.” Deep Dish were nominated two times for their \"George Is On\" album—Best Single (\"Say Hello\") and Best Remix (\"Flashdance\" remixed by David Guetta).", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ St. Louis-style pizza is a distinct type of pizza popular in the Midwestern American city of St. Louis, Missouri and surrounding areas.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The definitive characteristics of St. Louis-style pizza are a very thin cracker like crust made without yeast, the common (but not universal) use of Provel processed cheese, and pizzas cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The thin, cracker-like round crust is made without yeast, as opposed to a deep dish Chicago-style pizza or the thin but leavened New York-style pizza.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a St. Louis pizza is somewhat crisp and cannot be folded easily so the pizza is typically cut into three- or four-inch squares or rectangles instead of the pie-like wedges typical of many pizza styles.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ Scorched rice is a thin crust of slightly browned rice at the bottom of the cooking pot.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ It is produced during the cooking of rice over direct heat from a flame.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ Scorched rice is known as \"cucayo\", \"pegao\", \"cocolón\", \"concolón\", \"raspa\", \"raspado\", and \"concón\" in the Caribbean.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ In Colombian cuisine, scorched rice is called \"pega\" or \"pego\".", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ It is often consumed with vegetable toppings as a cracker, or served in soups.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ It is also eaten alone or used to make leftovers.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ In Dominican cuisine, scorched rice is called \"concón\".", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ In Puerto Rican cuisine, scorched rice is called \"pegao\".", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ \"Cucayo\" is the name given to the bottom layer of rice when prepared in an iron cauldron in the Caribbean Coast.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos)." ] ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 41 ]

[ "My favorite is pepperonni, I do not like any extra vegetables, meats or anything else, just classic pepperonni", "Pepperonni is a blend of meats that creates a new flavor, it really matches the taste of cheese, bread, and tomato sauce well", "Not really, I only like it as the traditional italian style, tomato sauce and cheese as well as pepperonni for me!", "I like the st.louis style crust, very thing crust, i do not care about the shape, but I like thin crust" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Southern Baptist Convention", "Yes, I have, but have never attended one. ", "Do they hold the convention at the same location every year?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ With more than 15 million members , it is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States after the Catholic Church.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The word \"Southern\" in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, specifically whether Southern slave owners could serve as missionaries.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent black congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, which became the second-largest Baptist convention by the end of the 19th century.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the early 19th century, as the first independent black denomination in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Since the 1940s, the Southern Baptist Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ With more than 15 million members , it is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States after the Catholic Church.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The word \"Southern\" in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, specifically whether Southern slave owners could serve as missionaries.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent black congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, which became the second-largest Baptist convention by the end of the 19th century.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the early 19th century, as the first independent black denomination in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Since the 1940s, the Southern Baptist Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Cock Lane ghost __knowledge__ The Cock Lane ghost was a purported haunting that attracted mass public attention in 1762.", "Cock Lane ghost __knowledge__ The location was an apartment in Cock Lane, a short road adjacent to London's Smithfield market and a few minutes' walk from St Paul's Cathedral.", "Cock Lane ghost __knowledge__ The event centred on three people: William Kent, a usurer from Norfolk, Richard Parsons, a parish clerk, and Parsons' daughter Elizabeth.", "Cock Lane ghost __knowledge__ Following the death during childbirth of Kent's wife, Elizabeth Lynes, he became romantically involved with her sister, Fanny.", "Cock Lane ghost __knowledge__ Canon law prevented the couple from marrying, but they nevertheless moved to London and lodged at the property in Cock Lane, then owned by Parsons.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists are Christians distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling).", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the tenets of soul competency/liberty, salvation through faith alone, scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists generally recognize two ordinances, baptism and the Lord's supper.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant, though some Baptists disavow this identity.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Diverse from their beginning, those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe, how they worship, their attitudes toward other Christians, and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ Beginning in 1960, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) experienced an intense struggle for control of the organization.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ Its initiators called it the Conservative Resurgence while its detractors labeled it the Fundamentalist Takeover.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ It was launched with the charge that the seminaries and denominational agencies were dominated by liberals.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ The movement was primarily aimed at reorienting the denomination away from a liberal trajectory and towards an unambiguous affirmation of biblical inerrancy.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ It was achieved by the systematic election, beginning in 1979, of conservative individuals to lead the Southern Baptist Convention.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. (or simply National Baptist Convention) is the largest predominantly African-American Christian denomination in the United States.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ It is headquartered at the Baptist World Center in Nashville, Tennessee.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The denomination claims approximately 31,000 congregations.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The Convention reports having an estimated 7.5 million members.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The root of cooperative efforts began in the Antebellum period.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ Both free blacks and slaves were welcomed into the Baptist Church by missionaries in the First Great Awakening, and the second Awakening in the early 19th century brought in more members.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue Baptist Church is a large Southern Baptist megachurch in the Cordova area of Memphis, Tennessee, United States.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue is the largest church in Memphis and is one of the leading churches in the Southern Baptist Convention.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue's goals are to \"Love God, Love People, Share Jesus, and Make Disciples.\"", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ The church's head pastor has been Dr. Steve Gaines since 2005.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue Baptist was founded in 1903 by Central Baptist Church as a mission church on the outskirts of Memphis.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ With a small $1,000 gift from member Fannie Jobe, Pastor Thomas Potts led the congregation to build a one-room stone chapel at the corner of Bellevue and Erskine Avenues.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ There are about 33 million self-professed Baptists in the United States who make up a significant portion of evangelicals in the United States and approximately one third of all Protestants in the United States; at the same time this also makes them the second largest religious grouping following Roman Catholics in the United States.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ About 16 million Baptists belong to congregations affiliated with Southern Baptist Convention, the largest such confederation of Baptists.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ More than 40% of all Baptists worldwide reside in the United States.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ The largest denomination among African Americans is the National Baptist Convention, with 7.5 million members, along with the smaller but more liberal Progressive National Baptist Convention (PNBC), with over 2000 churches and a total membership of 2.5 million.", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ American Baptist College (also known as American Baptist Theological Seminary or ABTS) is a small, predominantly African American liberal arts college located in Nashville, Tennessee.", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ Founded in 1924, its predecessor in black Baptist education was Roger Williams University, a Nashville college begun in the late-19th century and closed in the early 20th century (Its campus is now occupied by Peabody College of Vanderbilt University).", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ Upon full accreditation by the American Association of Bible Colleges, ABTS officially dropped use of the term \"Theological Seminary\" and renamed itself American Baptist College of ABTS." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ With more than 15 million members , it is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States after the Catholic Church.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The word \"Southern\" in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, specifically whether Southern slave owners could serve as missionaries.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent black congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, which became the second-largest Baptist convention by the end of the 19th century.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the early 19th century, as the first independent black denomination in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Since the 1940s, the Southern Baptist Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification.", "ESPN Zone __knowledge__ ESPN Zone is a themed restaurant and entertainment center located at Downtown Disney in the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, United States.", "ESPN Zone __knowledge__ ESPN Zone was formerly a restaurant chain in the United States that included arcades, TV studios, and radio studios, operated by the Disney Regional Entertainment subsidiary of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts using the Disney-owned ESPN brand.", "ESPN Zone __knowledge__ Similar, still-operating restaurants include the ESPN Club at Disney's BoardWalk Inn and the ESPN Grill at ESPN Wide World of Sports, both located within the Walt Disney World complex in Bay Lake, Florida.", "ESPN Zone __knowledge__ The remaining Anaheim location will close in 2018 and may reopen in 2021.", "International child abduction in Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico is amongst the world's most popular sources and destinations for international child abduction while also being widely regarded as having one of the least effective systems of protecting and returning internationally abducted children within its borders.", "International child abduction in Mexico __knowledge__ To help protect abducted children Mexico signed on to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction in 1991, the Inter-American Convention on the International Return of Children and the Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors.", "International child abduction in the United States __knowledge__ As a result of its high level of immigration and emigration and its status as common source and destination for a large amount of international travel the United States has more incoming and outgoing international child abductions per year than any other country.", "International child abduction in the United States __knowledge__ To address this issue the United States played an active role in the drafting of the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (commonly referred to as the \"Hague Abduction Convention\" or simply the \"Abduction Convention\".)", "International child abduction in the United States __knowledge__ Although the United States was one of the first nations to sign the Convention in 1981 the Convention did not enter into force for the US until 1988 with the enactment by Congress of the International Child Abduction Remedies Act which translated the Convention into US law.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ Everglades National Park is a U.S. National Park in Florida that protects the southern 20 percent of the original Everglades.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ In the United States, it is the largest tropical wilderness, the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River, and is visited on average by one million people each year.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ It is the third-largest national park in the lower 48 states after Death Valley and Yellowstone.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ It has been declared an International Biosphere Reserve, a World Heritage Site, and a Wetland of International Importance, one of only three locations in the world to appear on all three lists.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ A comic book convention or comic con is an event with a primary focus on comic books and comic book culture, in which comic book fans gather to meet creators, experts, and each other.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Commonly, comic conventions are multi-day events hosted at convention centers, hotels, or college campuses.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ They feature a wide variety of activities and panels, with a larger number of attendees participating in cosplay than most other types of fan conventions.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Comic book conventions are also used as a vehicle for industry, in which publishers, distributors, and retailers represent their comic-related releases.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Comic book conventions may be considered derivatives of science-fiction conventions, which began in the late 1930s.", "Libertarian Party of Nevada __knowledge__ The Libertarian Party of Nevada (LPN) is the affiliate of the Libertarian Party in the state of Nevada.", "Libertarian Party of Nevada __knowledge__ It is headed by state chairman Jason G. Smith.", "Libertarian Party of Nevada __knowledge__ The Libertarian Party of Nevada is the third largest political party in the State of Nevada.", "Libertarian Party of Nevada __knowledge__ It has existed since the founding of the Libertarian Party of the United States in 1971.", "Libertarian Party of Nevada __knowledge__ It is considered a minor political party by the State of Nevada and has been since 1972.", "Libertarian Party of Nevada __knowledge__ This status indicates that the LPN has ballot access, but no primary voting.", "Libertarian Party of Nevada __knowledge__ Instead, it holds its own primary election during its State Conventions.", "Libertarian Party of Nevada __knowledge__ The Libertarian Party of Nevada has continued to grow in both influence and voter registration since its inception.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ International child abduction in Japan refers to the illegal international abduction or removal of children from their country of habitual residence by an acquaintance or family member to Japan or their retention in Japan in contravention to the law of another country.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Most cases involve a Japanese mother taking her children to Japan in defiance of visitation or joint custody orders issued by Western courts.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ The issue is a growing problem as the number of international marriages increases.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Barring exceptional circumstances, the effects of child abduction are generally detrimental to the welfare of children.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists are Christians distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling).", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the tenets of soul competency/liberty, salvation through faith alone, scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists generally recognize two ordinances, baptism and the Lord's supper.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant, though some Baptists disavow this identity.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Diverse from their beginning, those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe, how they worship, their attitudes toward other Christians, and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship.", "Eucharist __knowledge__ The Eucharist (; also called Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper, among other names) is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches and an ordinance in others.", "Eucharist __knowledge__ According to the New Testament, the rite was instituted by Jesus Christ during his Last Supper; giving his disciples bread and wine during the Passover meal, Jesus commanded his followers to \"do this in memory of me\" while referring to the bread as \"my body\" and the wine as \"my blood\".", "Eucharist __knowledge__ Through the Eucharistic celebration Christians remember Christ's sacrifice of himself on the cross.", "Eucharist __knowledge__ The elements of the Eucharist, bread (leavened or unleavened) and wine (or grape juice), are consecrated on an altar (or table) and consumed thereafter.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ It originated with the Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ Ever since, Protestants reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy and sacraments, but disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ They emphasize the priesthood of all believers, justification by faith alone (') rather than by good works, and the highest authority of the Bible alone (rather than with sacred tradition) in faith and morals (').", "Baptism __knowledge__ Baptism (from the Greek noun βάπτισμα \"baptisma\"; see below) is a Christian sacrament of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally.", "Baptism __knowledge__ The canonical Gospels report that Jesus was baptized—a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned.", "Baptism __knowledge__ Baptism has been called a holy sacrament and an ordinance of Jesus Christ.", "Baptism __knowledge__ In some denominations, baptism is also called christening, but for others the word \"christening\" is reserved for the baptism of infants.", "Baptism __knowledge__ Baptism has also given its name to the Baptist churches and denominations.", "Sacrament __knowledge__ A sacrament is a Christian rite recognised as of particular importance and significance.", "Sacrament __knowledge__ There are various views on the existence and meaning of such rites.", "Sacrament __knowledge__ Many Christians consider the sacraments to be a visible symbol of the reality of God, as well as a means by which God enacts his grace.", "Sacrament __knowledge__ Many denominations, including the Anglican, Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist and Reformed, hold to the definition of sacrament formulated by Augustine of Hippo: an outward sign of an inward grace that has been instituted by Jesus Christ.", "Sacrament __knowledge__ Sacraments signify God's grace in a way that is outwardly observable to the participant.", "Separate Baptists __knowledge__ The Separate Baptists were an 18th-century group of Baptists in the United States, primarily in the South, that grew out of the Great Awakening.", "Separate Baptists __knowledge__ The Great Awakening was a religious revival and revitalization of piety among the Christian churches.", "Separate Baptists __knowledge__ It covered English-speaking countries and swept through the American colonies between the 1730s and the 1770s.", "Separate Baptists __knowledge__ Three important preachers of the times were Gilbert Tennent (1703–65), Jonathan Edwards (1703–58), and George Whitefield (1714–70).", "Separate Baptists __knowledge__ The Separate Baptists are most directly connected to Whitefield's influence.", "Separate Baptists __knowledge__ The first identifiable congregation of Separate Baptists was formed in Boston, Massachusetts." ] ]

[ 1, 40, 6 ]

[ "Have you hard of the Southern Baptist Convention? It is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "I have attended many, We baptists generally recognize two ordinances, baptism and the Lord's supper. That is our belief. ", "I believe so yes, I know that Since the 1940s, the Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification quite a bit though. " ]

[ "Southern Baptist Convention", "Southern Baptist Convention", "Southern Baptist Convention" ]

[ "Amazon (company)\nHi there, I work at Amazon's HQ!", "Yes, Amazon is a big corporation in the modern day world! There are many benefits of working there and the people are friendly.", "Wow I did not know there was a larger retailer. Yes, I do enjoy working there, I like contributing to the company's success.", "Ahh, I suppose that would make sense since the Chinese population is over 1.3 billion, which makes for a pretty large consumer base.", "That's awesome. I'm glad that others worldwide can enjoy the convenience of Amazon." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon (), is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The tech giant is the largest Internet retailer in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization, and second largest after Alibaba Group in terms of total sales.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The amazon.com website started as an online bookstore and later diversified to sell video downloads/streaming, MP3 downloads/streaming, audiobook downloads/streaming, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The company also produces consumer electronics—Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo—and is the world's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services (IaaS and PaaS).", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also sells certain low-end products under its in-house brand AmazonBasics.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India, and Mexico.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ In 2016, Dutch, Polish, and Turkish language versions of the German Amazon website were also launched.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also offers international shipping to certain other countries for some of its products.", "VHS __knowledge__ The Video Home System (VHS) is a standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes.", "VHS __knowledge__ Developed by Victor Company of Japan (JVC) in the early 1970s, it was released in Japan in late 1976 and in the United States in early 1977.", "VHS __knowledge__ From the 1950s, magnetic tape video recording became a major contributor to the television industry, via the first commercialized video tape recorders (VTRs).", "VHS __knowledge__ At that time, the devices were used only in expensive professional environments such as television studios and medical imaging (fluoroscopy).", "VHS __knowledge__ In the 1970s, videotape entered home use, creating the home video industry and changing the economics of the television and movie businesses.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2016) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 July to 30 September 2016.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2016) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2016) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 58 occasions on Ukrainian troops on 30 June.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2016) __knowledge__ The spokesman of the Presidential Administration of Ukraine on issues related to ATO, \"polkovnyk\" Andriy Lysenko, reported at noon that one Ukrainian serviceman was killed in action and four others were wounded in the Donbass region during the last day of June.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2016) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 October 2016.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2016) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2016) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 34 occasions on Ukrainian troops on 30 September, including on 16 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 10 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 8 occasions in Luhansk region.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2016) __knowledge__ The spokesman of the Presidential Administration of Ukraine on issues related to ATO, \"polkovnyk\" Andriy Lysenko, reported at noon that two Ukrainian servicemen were wounded in action in the Donbass region during the last day of September.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 April 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 94 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of March (including on 34 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 42 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 18 occasions in Luhansk region).", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ Twelve ceasefire violations were registered by the Ukrainian military during the first twelve hours of 1 April.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 October 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 20 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of September (including on 10 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 9 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 1 occasion in Luhansk region); the fire was returned on 12 occasions.", "Operation Searchlight __knowledge__ Operation Searchlight was a planned military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in the erstwhile East Pakistan in March 1971, which the Pakistani state justified on the basis of anti-Bihari violence by Bengalis in early March.", "Operation Searchlight __knowledge__ Ordered by the central government in West Pakistan, this was seen as the sequel to \"Operation Blitz\" which had been launched in November 1970.", "Operation Searchlight __knowledge__ The original plan envisioned taking control of the major cities on 26 March, and then eliminating all opposition, political or military, within one month.", "Operation Searchlight __knowledge__ President Yahya Khan at a conference in February 1971 said \"Kill three million of them and the rest will eat out of our hands.\"", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 July 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 35 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of June (including on 17 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 17 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 1 occasion in Luhansk region).", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ The spokesman of the Ministry of Defence on issues related to ATO, \"polkovnyk\" Andriy Lysenko, reported at noon that one Ukrainian serviceman was killed and nine were wounded and injured in the Donbass region on 30 June." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon (), is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The tech giant is the largest Internet retailer in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization, and second largest after Alibaba Group in terms of total sales.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The amazon.com website started as an online bookstore and later diversified to sell video downloads/streaming, MP3 downloads/streaming, audiobook downloads/streaming, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The company also produces consumer electronics—Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo—and is the world's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services (IaaS and PaaS).", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also sells certain low-end products under its in-house brand AmazonBasics.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India, and Mexico.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ In 2016, Dutch, Polish, and Turkish language versions of the German Amazon website were also launched.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also offers international shipping to certain other countries for some of its products.", "The Crimson Permanent Assurance __knowledge__ The Crimson Permanent Assurance is a 1983 swashbuckling comedy short film that plays as the beginning of the feature-length motion picture \"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\".", "The Crimson Permanent Assurance __knowledge__ Having originally conceived the story as a 6-minute animated sequence in \"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\", intended for placement at the end of Part V, Terry Gilliam convinced the other members of Monty Python to allow him to produce and direct it as a live action piece instead.", "The Crimson Permanent Assurance __knowledge__ According to Gilliam, the film's rhythm, length, and style of cinematography made it a poor fit as a scene in the larger movie, so it was presented as a supplementary short ahead of the film.", "The First Time (2012 film) __knowledge__ The First Time is a 2012 teen romantic comedy film written and directed by Jon Kasdan, and stars Britt Robertson, Dylan O'Brien, James Frecheville and Victoria Justice.", "The First Time (2012 film) __knowledge__ Dave Hodgman (Dylan O'Brien) is a high school senior who spends most of his time pining away over Jane Harmon (Victoria Justice), a girl he can't have.", "The First Time (2012 film) __knowledge__ Aubrey Miller (Britt Robertson), a junior at a different high school, has an older boyfriend Ronny (James Frecheville) who doesn't quite understand her or seem to care.", "The First Time (2012 film) __knowledge__ A casual conversation between Dave and Aubrey sparks an instant connection, and, over the course of a weekend, things turn magical, romantic, complicated, and funny as Aubrey and Dave discover what it's like to fall in love for the first time.", "History of Ohio __knowledge__ The history of Ohio includes many thousands of years of human activity.", "History of Ohio __knowledge__ What is now Ohio was probably first settled by Paleo-Indian people, who lived in the area as early as 13,000 B.C.", "History of Ohio __knowledge__ A fossil dated between 11,727 and 11,424 B.C.", "History of Ohio __knowledge__ indicates they hunted large animals, including Jefferson's ground sloth, using stone tools.", "History of Ohio __knowledge__ Later ancestors of Native Americans were known as the Archaic peoples.", "History of Ohio __knowledge__ Sophisticated successive cultures of precolonial peoples indigenous peoples, such as the Adena, Hopewell and Fort Ancient, built monumental earthworks as massive monuments in which to bury their dead; some of which have survived to the present.", "Microfinance __knowledge__ Micro finance initially had a limited definition - the provision of microloans to poor entrepreneurs and small businesses lacking access to banking and related services.", "Microfinance __knowledge__ The two main mechanisms for the delivery of financial services to such clients were: (1) relationship-based banking for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses; and (2) group-based models, where several entrepreneurs come together to apply for loans and other services as a group.", "Microfinance __knowledge__ Over time, microfinance has emerged as a larger movement whose object is \"a world in which as everyone, especially the poor and socially marginalized people and households have access to a wide range of affordable, high quality financial products and services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, payment services, and fund transfers.\"", "Nature connectedness __knowledge__ Nature connectedness is the extent to which individuals include nature as part of their identity.", "Nature connectedness __knowledge__ It includes an understanding of nature and everything it is made up of, even the parts that are not pleasing.", "Nature connectedness __knowledge__ Characteristics of nature connectedness are similar to those of a personality trait: nature connectedness is stable over time and across various situations.", "Nature connectedness __knowledge__ Schultz describes three components that make up the nature connectedness construct: These three components make up nature connectedness and are required for a healthy relationship with nature.", "Nature connectedness __knowledge__ If an individual feels connected to nature (possibly by spending time in it), they may be more inclined to care about nature, and protect the environment.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ Manuel Córdova-Rios (November 22, 1887 – November 22, 1978) was a vegetalista (herbalist) of the upper Amazon, and the subject of several popular books.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The young mestizo joined a company that left Iquitos for the surrounding Amazon forest to cut rubber trees.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ He was apparently captured by a native tribe, among whom he then lived for seven years.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The elderly chief taught him in intensive private sessions traditional knowledge, e.g., about medicinal plants of the jungle, and about leadership.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ From the tribe he learned hunting skills and acquired the name \"Ino Moxo\" (black jaguar).", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The chief also led group sessions using ayahuasca.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Jeff Bezos __knowledge__ Jeffrey Preston Bezos (; né Jorgensen; born January 12, 1964) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur, investor, electrical engineer, computer scientist, and philanthropist, best known as the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Amazon.com, the world's largest online shopping retailer.", "Jeff Bezos __knowledge__ Born in Albuquerque and raised in Houston, Bezos graduated from Princeton University 1986 with degrees in electrical engineering and computer science.", "Jeff Bezos __knowledge__ He went on to work on Wall Street in a variety of related fields from 1986 to early 1994.", "Jeff Bezos __knowledge__ He founded Amazon.com in late 1994.", "Jeff Bezos __knowledge__ The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services, most recently video and audio streaming.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ Amazon.com has attracted criticism from multiple sources, where the ethics of certain business practices and policies have been drawn into question.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ Amazon has also faced numerous allegations of anti-competitive or monopolistic behavior.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ The company has been controversial for its alleged use of patents as a competitive hindrance.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ The \"1-Click patent\" is perhaps the best-known example of this.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ Amazon's use of the one-click patent against competitor Barnes & Noble's website led the Free Software Foundation to announce a boycott of Amazon in December 1999.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ The boycott was discontinued in September 2002.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The hardware platform, developed by Amazon subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays, Android-based tablets with color LCD screens and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ All Kindle devices integrate with Kindle Store content, and as of December 2017, the store has nearly 5.9 million e-books available in the United States.", "Blue Origin __knowledge__ Blue Origin is an American privately funded aerospace manufacturer and spaceflight services company set up by Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos with its headquarters in Kent, Washington.", "Blue Origin __knowledge__ The company is developing technologies to enable private human access to space with the goal to dramatically lower costs and increase reliability.", "Blue Origin __knowledge__ Blue Origin is employing an incremental approach from suborbital to orbital flight, with each developmental step building on its prior work.", "Blue Origin __knowledge__ The company motto is \"\"Gradatim Ferociter\"\", Latin for \"Step by Step, Ferociously\".", "Blue Origin __knowledge__ Blue Origin is developing a variety of technologies, with a focus on rocket-powered Vertical Takeoff and Vertical Landing (VTVL) vehicles for access to suborbital and orbital space.", "The Washington Post __knowledge__ The Washington Post is an American daily newspaper.", "The Washington Post __knowledge__ Published in Washington, D.C., it was founded on December 6, 1877.", "The Washington Post __knowledge__ Located in the capital city of the United States, the newspaper has a particular emphasis on national politics.", "The Washington Post __knowledge__ The newspaper's slogan states, \"Democracy dies in darkness\".", "The Washington Post __knowledge__ Daily editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia.", "The Washington Post __knowledge__ It is published as a broadsheet.", "The Washington Post __knowledge__ The newspaper has won 47 Pulitzer Prizes.", "The Washington Post __knowledge__ This includes six separate Pulitzers awarded in 2008, second only to \"The New York Times\" seven awards in 2002 for the highest number ever awarded to a single newspaper in one year.", "Fire Phone __knowledge__ The Fire Phone is a 3D-enabled smartphone developed by Amazon.com and manufactured by Foxconn.", "Fire Phone __knowledge__ It was announced on June 18, 2014, and marked Amazon's first foray into the smartphone market, following the success of the Kindle Fire.", "Fire Phone __knowledge__ It was available for pre-order on the day it was announced.", "Fire Phone __knowledge__ In the United States, it launched as an AT&T exclusive on July 25.", "Fire Phone __knowledge__ The phone was notable for its hallmark feature \"Dynamic Perspective\": using four front-facing cameras and the gyroscope to track the user's movements, the OS adjusts the UI so it gives the impression of depth and 3D.", "Fire Phone __knowledge__ Other notable Amazon services on the phone included X-Ray, used for identifying and finding information about media; Mayday, the 24-hour customer service tool; and Firefly, a tool which automatically recognized text, sounds, and objects, then offering a way to buy recognized items through Amazon's online store." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon (), is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The tech giant is the largest Internet retailer in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization, and second largest after Alibaba Group in terms of total sales.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The amazon.com website started as an online bookstore and later diversified to sell video downloads/streaming, MP3 downloads/streaming, audiobook downloads/streaming, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The company also produces consumer electronics—Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo—and is the world's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services (IaaS and PaaS).", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also sells certain low-end products under its in-house brand AmazonBasics.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India, and Mexico.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ In 2016, Dutch, Polish, and Turkish language versions of the German Amazon website were also launched.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also offers international shipping to certain other countries for some of its products.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ WOW HD is an online retailer, offering Games, CD, DVD, Books and Cosmetics.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ Similar to Amazon.com, it offers websites in and ships from multiple countries including: UK, USA, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Japan and Germany.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ WOW HD offers free shipping worldwide on all products except cosmetics which attract a handling fee.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ WOW HD is owned and operated by Élan Media Partners.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ They have offices in Sydney, Melbourne and Hong Kong and operate in 15 countries, hosting its servers in Australia and Jersey in the Channel Islands.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ They have 70 staff worldwide.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Alibaba Group __knowledge__ Alibaba Group Holding Limited () is a Chinese multinational e-commerce, retail, Internet, AI and technology conglomerate founded in 1999 that provides consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer and business-to-business sales services via web portals, as well as electronic payment services, shopping search engines and data-centric cloud computing services.", "Alibaba Group __knowledge__ It owns and operates a diverse array of businesses around the world in numerous sectors, and is named as one of the world's most admired companies by Fortune.. At closing time on the date of its initial public offering (IPO) - the world's highest, 19 September 2014, Alibaba's market value was US$231 billion.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Sales taxes in the United States are taxes placed on the sale or lease of goods and services in the United States.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, sales tax is governed at the state level and no national general sales tax exists.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Forty-five states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam impose general sales taxes that apply to the sale or lease of most goods and some services, and states also may levy selective sales taxes on the sale or lease of particular goods or services.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ States may also delegate to local governments the authority to impose additional general or selective sales taxes.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Since January 2017, 5 states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon) do not levy a statewide sales tax, while California has the highest state sales tax with a base rate of 7.25%.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Amazon tax collection policy has changed over the years.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ In the U.S., state and local sales taxes are levied by state and local governments, not at the federal level.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ In most countries where Amazon operates, a sales tax or value added tax is uniform throughout the country, and Amazon is obliged to collect it from all customers.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Many U.S. states have passed online shopping sales tax laws designed to compel Amazon.com and other e-commerce retailers to collect state and local sales taxes from its customers.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Amazon.com originally collected sales tax only from five states as of 2011, but as of April 2017 collects sales taxes from customers in all 45 states that have a state sales tax and in Washington, D.C. Alabama is the highest tax rate charged by Amazon, the Alabama tax rate is 8.45%.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India.", "Tencent __knowledge__ Tencent Holdings Limited (; ) is a Chinese multinational investment holding conglomerate whose subsidiaries specialize in various Internet-related services and products, entertainment, AI and technology both in China and globally.", "Tencent __knowledge__ Its twin-skyscrapers headquarters Tencent Seafront Towers (also known as \"Tencent Binhai Mansion\") are based in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, and has received several awards for its architecture.", "Tencent __knowledge__ Tencent is the world's biggest investment corporation, one of the largest Internet and technology companies, as well as the largest and most valuable gaming and social media company in the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon (), is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The tech giant is the largest Internet retailer in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization, and second largest after Alibaba Group in terms of total sales.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The amazon.com website started as an online bookstore and later diversified to sell video downloads/streaming, MP3 downloads/streaming, audiobook downloads/streaming, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The company also produces consumer electronics—Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo—and is the world's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services (IaaS and PaaS).", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also sells certain low-end products under its in-house brand AmazonBasics.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India, and Mexico.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ In 2016, Dutch, Polish, and Turkish language versions of the German Amazon website were also launched.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also offers international shipping to certain other countries for some of its products.", "China __knowledge__ China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.", "China __knowledge__ Covering approximately , it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area, depending on the source consulted.", "China __knowledge__ China also has the most neighbor countries in the world.", "China __knowledge__ Governed by the Communist Party of China, it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.", "Chinatowns in the United States __knowledge__ This article contains a list of the Chinatowns, which are either officially designated neighborhoods or historically important in the United States.", "Chinatowns in the United States __knowledge__ Historically speaking, many of these Chinatowns were formed in the 1800s and have served as ethnic enclaves.", "Chinatowns in the United States __knowledge__ Chinatowns in the United States have historically been located in the \"big cities\" such as New York City, San Francisco, Boston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Chicago and existed initially as enclaves that ease transition into the American culture.", "Chinatowns in the United States __knowledge__ The earliest Chinatowns tended to be on the west coast while the newer ones are being built in lesser profile cities as opportunities shift.", "China–Israel relations __knowledge__ China–Israel relations (In Chinese : 中以关系 Zhōng yǐ guānxì.", "China–Israel relations __knowledge__ In Hebrew : יחסי ישראל-סין Yechasei Yisrael-Sin) are the diplomatic, economic, cultural, military ties between the People's Republic of China and the State of Israel.", "China–Israel relations __knowledge__ Israel was the first country in the Middle East to recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of China.", "China–Israel relations __knowledge__ However, China did not establish normal diplomatic relations with Israel until 1992.", "China–Israel relations __knowledge__ Since then, Israel and China have developed increasingly close strategic economic, military and technological links with each other.", "China–Israel relations __knowledge__ Israel maintains an embassy in Beijing and is planning to open a new consulate in Chengdu, its third in Mainland China.", "Malaysian Chinese __knowledge__ The Malaysian Chinese consist of people of full or partial Chinese—particularly Han Chinese ancestry who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia.", "Malaysian Chinese __knowledge__ The great majority of this group of people are descendants of those who arrived between the early 19th century and the mid-20th century.", "Malaysian Chinese __knowledge__ The Malaysian Chinese population is primarily urban; socioeconomically they are mainly a well-established middle-class ethnic group and traditionally dominate the business and commerce sectors of the Malaysian economy.", "Malaysian Chinese __knowledge__ Malaysian Chinese form the second largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world, after Thailand.", "Chinese Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ Chinese Canadians are a sizable part of the population in Greater Vancouver, especially in the Chinese communities in the city of Vancouver and the adjoining suburban city of Richmond.", "Chinese Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ The legacy of Chinese immigration is prevalent throughout the Vancouver area.", "Chinese Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ Chinese Canadians have been a presence in Vancouver since its 1886 incorporation.", "Chinese Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ Shifts in the economy of smaller towns in British Columbia and immigration caused the size of Vancouver's ethnic Chinese community to increase.", "Chinese Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ Like those of other areas of North America, Vancouver's initial Chinese population was mainly from Guangdong province.", "Chinese Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ The history of Chinese Canadians in British Columbia began with the first recorded visit by Chinese people to North America in 1788.", "Chinese Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ Some 30–40 men were employed as shipwrights at Nootka Sound in what is now British Columbia, to build the first European-type vessel in the Pacific Northwest, named the \"North West America\".", "Chinese Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ Large-scale immigration of Chinese began seventy years later with the advent of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858.", "Chinese Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ During the gold rush, settlements of Chinese grew in Victoria and New Westminster and the \"capital of the Cariboo\" Barkerville and numerous other towns.", "Chinese Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ and throughout the colony's Interior, where many communities were dominantly Chinese.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel joined the United Nations on 11 May 1949.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel maintains diplomatic ties with 159 countries as of March 2017.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel maintains full diplomatic relations and open borders with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ The close friendship with the United States has been the linchpin of Israeli foreign policy for decades.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ From the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 until the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979, Israel and Iran maintained close ties.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Iran was the second Muslim-majority country to recognize Israel as a sovereign nation after Turkey.", "Verifone __knowledge__ Verifone is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Jose, California that provides technology for electronic payment transactions and value-added services at the point-of-sale.", "Verifone __knowledge__ Verifone sells merchant-operated, consumer-facing and self-service payment systems to the financial, retail, hospitality, petroleum, government and healthcare industries.", "Verifone __knowledge__ The company’s system solutions consist of POS electronic payment devices that run its own operating systems, security and encryption software, and certified payment software, and that are designed for both consumer-facing and unattended environments.", "Alibaba Group __knowledge__ Alibaba Group Holding Limited () is a Chinese multinational e-commerce, retail, Internet, AI and technology conglomerate founded in 1999 that provides consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer and business-to-business sales services via web portals, as well as electronic payment services, shopping search engines and data-centric cloud computing services.", "Alibaba Group __knowledge__ It owns and operates a diverse array of businesses around the world in numerous sectors, and is named as one of the world's most admired companies by Fortune.. At closing time on the date of its initial public offering (IPO) - the world's highest, 19 September 2014, Alibaba's market value was US$231 billion.", "Debit card __knowledge__ A debit card (also known as a bank card, plastic card or check card) is a plastic payment card that can be used instead of cash when making purchases.", "Debit card __knowledge__ It is similar to a credit card, but unlike a credit card, the money comes directly from the user's bank account when performing a transaction.", "Debit card __knowledge__ Some cards may carry a stored value with which a payment is made, while most relay a message to the cardholder's bank to withdraw funds from a payer's designated bank account.", "Debit card __knowledge__ In some cases, the primary account number is assigned exclusively for use on the Internet and there is no physical card.", "Debit card __knowledge__ In many countries, the use of debit cards has become so widespread that their volume has overtaken or entirely replaced cheques and, in some instances, cash transactions.", "Web portal __knowledge__ A Web portal is a specially designed website that brings information from diverse sources, like emails, online forums and search engines, together in a uniform way.", "Web portal __knowledge__ Usually, each information source gets its dedicated area on the page for displaying information (a portlet); often, the user can configure which ones to display.", "Web portal __knowledge__ Variants of portals include mashups and intranet \"dashboards\" for executives and managers.", "Web portal __knowledge__ The extent to which content is displayed in a \"uniform way\" may depend on the intended user and the intended purpose, as well as the diversity of the content.", "Web portal __knowledge__ Very often design emphasis is on a certain \"metaphor\" for configuring and customizing the presentation of the content (e.g., a dashboard or map) and the chosen implementation framework or code libraries.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services, including the consumer's emotional, mental and behavioural responses that precede or follow these activities.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940s and 50s as a distinct sub-discipline in the marketing area.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is an inter-disciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, ethnography, marketing and economics, especially behavioural economics.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ It examines how emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behaviour.", "Credit agreements in South Africa __knowledge__ Credit agreements in South Africa are agreements or contracts in South Africa in terms of which payment or repayment by one party (the debtor) to another (the creditor) is deferred.", "Credit agreements in South Africa __knowledge__ This entry discusses the core elements of credit agreements as defined in the National Credit Act, and the consequences of concluding a credit agreement in South Africa.", "Credit agreements in South Africa __knowledge__ It is essential that the meanings of important terms used in the practice of consumer law are clearly understood.", "Credit agreements in South Africa __knowledge__ Most of the definitions below are obtained from the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 (“the Act”).", "Credit agreements in South Africa __knowledge__ An “agreement” simply means a contract.", "Cheque __knowledge__ A cheque or check (American English; see spelling differences) is a document that orders a bank to pay a specific amount of money from a person's account to the person in whose name the cheque has been issued.", "Cheque __knowledge__ The person writing the cheque, the \"drawer\", has a transaction banking account (often called a current, cheque, chequing or checking account) where their money is held.", "Cheque __knowledge__ The drawer writes the various details including the monetary amount, date, and a payee on the cheque, and signs it, ordering their bank, known as the \"drawee\", to pay that person or company the amount of money stated.", "Cheque __knowledge__ Cheques are a type of bill of exchange and were developed as a way to make payments without the need to carry large amounts of money." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon (), is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The tech giant is the largest Internet retailer in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization, and second largest after Alibaba Group in terms of total sales.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The amazon.com website started as an online bookstore and later diversified to sell video downloads/streaming, MP3 downloads/streaming, audiobook downloads/streaming, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ The company also produces consumer electronics—Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo—and is the world's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services (IaaS and PaaS).", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also sells certain low-end products under its in-house brand AmazonBasics.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India, and Mexico.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ In 2016, Dutch, Polish, and Turkish language versions of the German Amazon website were also launched.", "Amazon (company) __knowledge__ Amazon also offers international shipping to certain other countries for some of its products.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ A convenience store is a small retail business that stocks a range of everyday items such as groceries, snack foods, confectionery, soft drinks, tobacco products, over-the-counter drugs, toiletries, newspapers, and magazines.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ In some jurisdictions, corner stores are licensed to sell alcohol, typically beer and wine.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ Such stores may also offer money order and wire transfer services.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not in a rural location and are used as a convenient supplement to larger stores.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ A convenience store may be part of a gas/petrol station, so customers can purchase goods conveniently while filling their vehicle with fuel.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ This is a list of products and services offered by American corporation Amazon.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ Amazon product lines include several media (books, DVDs, music CDs, videotapes, and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal-care items, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry and watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items and toys & games.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ The company launched amazon.com Auctions, a web auctions service, in March 1999.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ However, it failed to chip away at the large market share of the industry pioneer, eBay.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Boomzap Entertainment __knowledge__ Boomzap Entertainment is a casual games developer registered in Singapore with a virtual office environment.", "Boomzap Entertainment __knowledge__ It was formed in 2005 and has released 50 games to date that are ported on various platforms.", "Boomzap Entertainment __knowledge__ Boomzap has developed for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Nintendo DS, Wii, iOS, and Android.", "Boomzap Entertainment __knowledge__ Its games are available on games portals such as Big Fish Games, Yahoo!, WildTangent, GameHouse, Google Play, Amazon, iTunes, Steam and others.", "Boomzap Entertainment __knowledge__ Boomzap is known in the game industry for being one of the few companies to use a pure virtual office environment.", "Boomzap Entertainment __knowledge__ Articles have been written on the subject in the Casual Games Association Magazine and \"Gamasutra\" regarding their prototyping methods.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The hardware platform, developed by Amazon subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays, Android-based tablets with color LCD screens and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ All Kindle devices integrate with Kindle Store content, and as of December 2017, the store has nearly 5.9 million e-books available in the United States.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ Amazon.com has attracted criticism from multiple sources, where the ethics of certain business practices and policies have been drawn into question.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ Amazon has also faced numerous allegations of anti-competitive or monopolistic behavior.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ The company has been controversial for its alleged use of patents as a competitive hindrance.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ The \"1-Click patent\" is perhaps the best-known example of this.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ Amazon's use of the one-click patent against competitor Barnes & Noble's website led the Free Software Foundation to announce a boycott of Amazon in December 1999.", "Amazon.com controversies __knowledge__ The boycott was discontinued in September 2002.", "Fake news __knowledge__ Fake news is a type of yellow journalism or propaganda that consists of deliberate misinformation or hoaxes spread via traditional print and broadcast news media or online social media.", "Fake news __knowledge__ Fake news is written and published with the intent to mislead in order to damage an agency, entity, or person, and/or gain financially or politically, often using sensationalist, dishonest, or outright fabricated headlines to increase readership, online sharing, and Internet click revenue.", "Fake news __knowledge__ In the latter case, it is similar to sensational online \"clickbait\" headlines and relies on advertising revenue generated from this activity, regardless of the veracity of the published stories.", "United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe.", "United Kingdom __knowledge__ Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands.", "United Kingdom __knowledge__ Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland.", "United Kingdom __knowledge__ Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 47, 6, 8 ]

[ "Amazon is an e commerce business and cloud commuting company based in Washington. What is like working for Bezos?", "Amazon is the largest internet retailer in the world both in revenue and market capitalization. Amazon falls into second place behind Alibaba in total sales however. So you enjoy working there? ", "Yes, Alaibab is a chinese conglomerate that provides consumer to consumer, and business to consumer sales through web portals and electronic payment processes. They must be huge!", "Absolutely! Amazon has websites for the United States, the UK, Ireland, France Italy, China and many other countries as well. They are pretty spread out there as well!", "Amazon will deliver products to other countries for many of their products so I'm sure that plays a large role in sales volume." ]

[ "Amazon (company)", "Amazon (company)", "Amazon (company)", "Amazon (company)", "Amazon (company)" ]

[ "Childhood sweetheart", "That's a very romantic story. How long how you two been together?", "It sounds like you are very happy together, do you have any children? What age were you married?", "That is very sweet, it sounds like you were meant to be together. Were either of you married before? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management __knowledge__ The Indian Institute of Social Welfare & Business Management (IISWBM) is an autonomous graduate business school in Kolkata, India.", "Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management __knowledge__ It is the first institute in India to offer an MBA degree.", "Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management __knowledge__ It was established in 1953.", "Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management __knowledge__ IISWBM was founded at a time when the concept of management degree was alien to the educational fraternity of that period.", "Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management __knowledge__ The seeds of IISWBM were sown in 1942, when the British government, needing qualified labour officers for its facilities, especially its ordnance factories - the Second World War was on - decided to start a social welfare training institute affiliated to Calcutta University and located close to it.", "Rurouni Kenshin __knowledge__ , also referred as simply Rurouni Kenshin and Samurai X, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "Rurouni Kenshin __knowledge__ The story begins during the 11th year of the Meiji period in Japan (1878) and follows a former assassin from the Bakumatsu, known as Hitokiri Battosai.", "Rurouni Kenshin __knowledge__ After his work against the bakufu, Hitokiri Battosai disappears to become Himura Kenshin: a wandering swordsman who protects the people of Japan with a vow of to never take another life.", "Rurouni Kenshin __knowledge__ Watsuki wrote this series upon his desire of making a \"shōnen manga\" different from the other ones that were published at the time, with Kenshin being a former assassin and the story taking a more serious tone as it continued.", "Himura Kenshin __knowledge__ , known as Kenshin Himura in the English-language anime dubs, is a fictional character and protagonist of the \"Rurouni Kenshin\" manga created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "Himura Kenshin __knowledge__ Kenshin's story is set in a fictional version of Japan during the Meiji period.", "Himura Kenshin __knowledge__ Kenshin is a former legendary assassin known as (rendered as \"Battousai the Manslayer\" in the Media Blasters English anime dub, as \"Battousai: The Slasher\" in the Sony English dub, and as \"The Unsheather\" on the Japanese \"kanzenban\" covers), more properly named .", "Himura Kenshin __knowledge__ At the end of the Bakumatsu, he becomes a wandering swordsman, now wielding a —a \"katana\" that has the cutting edge on the inwardly curved side of the sword, thus being nearly incapable of killing.", "Nobuhiro Watsuki __knowledge__ Watsuki was born in Tokyo and was brought up in Nagaoka, Niigata.", "Nobuhiro Watsuki __knowledge__ When he was in middle school, Watsuki practiced kendo.", "Nobuhiro Watsuki __knowledge__ He still drew manga but also enjoyed sports, although he never won a kendo match.", "Nobuhiro Watsuki __knowledge__ Watsuki grew frustrated with kendo, and eventually quit.", "Nobuhiro Watsuki __knowledge__ When he was challenged to come up with a new character for \"Rurouni Kenshin\", he used his outlook on kendo for a base of Myōjin Yahiko.", "Nobuhiro Watsuki __knowledge__ In high school, Watsuki received an honorable mention in the 33rd Tezuka Awards for his 1987 one-shot \"Teacher Pon\", which he wrote under the pen name \"Nobuhiro Nishiwaki\".", "Nobuhiro Watsuki __knowledge__ \"Hokuriku Yūrei Kobanashi\" earned him the Hop Step award.", "Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa __knowledge__ Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa ( \"Will you cross the skies for me?\")", "Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa __knowledge__ is a 2010 Tamil-language musical romantic drama film directed and written by Gautham Vasudev Menon, featuring Silambarasan and Trisha Krishnan in the lead roles.", "Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa __knowledge__ The film, distributed by Udhayanidhi Stalin, features a critically acclaimed soundtrack composed by A. R. Rahman, cinematography by Manoj Paramahamsa and editing by Anthony Gonsalves.", "Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa __knowledge__ The story was simultaneously shot and released by Gautham in Telugu as \"Ye Maaya Chesave\", starring Naga Chaitanya and Samantha Ruth Prabhu, however, with a different cast and climax.", "Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa __knowledge__ Launched by a wave of publicity posters with no details about the cast and crew, \"Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa\" began its initial run in February 2009.", "Tinta Invisible __knowledge__ Tinta Invisible is a romantic verse story written by Nicaraguan poet Max L. Lacayo.", "Tinta Invisible __knowledge__ This poetry book was published in Managua, Nicaragua, in October 2010 by the Esquipulas Publishing house.", "Tinta Invisible __knowledge__ Composition The book is composed of 22 parts, the majority of which are subdivided into 2 or 3 sections.", "Tinta Invisible __knowledge__ Literary technique In Tinta Invisible the poet/narrator uses a poetic technique that resorts to a narrative tone, to a very innovative space and rhythm.", "Tinta Invisible __knowledge__ This invites the reader to become familiar with the work, to fuse itself in it and to maintain the interest until the end.", "Tinta Invisible __knowledge__ The author tries to attract the interest of potential poetry lovers and to promote the almost lost interest for this literary genre.", "Youth Criminal Justice Act __knowledge__ The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA; ) is a Canadian statute, which came into effect on April 1, 2003.", "Youth Criminal Justice Act __knowledge__ It covers the prosecution of youths for criminal offences.", "Youth Criminal Justice Act __knowledge__ The YCJA replaced the Young Offenders Act, which was a replacement for the Juvenile Delinquents Act.", "Youth Criminal Justice Act __knowledge__ The YCJA governs the application of criminal and correctional law to those 12 years old or older, but younger than 18 at the time of committing the offence (Section 2 of the YCJA).", "Youth Criminal Justice Act __knowledge__ Youth aged 12 to 17 may be sentenced as adults under certain conditions, as described later on in the act.", "Youth Criminal Justice Act __knowledge__ The Criminal Code, section 13, states \"No person shall be convicted of an offence in respect of an act or omission on his or her part while that person was under the age of twelve years.\"", "Youth Offending Team __knowledge__ In England and Wales, a Youth Offending Team (YOT) is a multi-agency team that is coordinated by a local authority, which is overseen by the Youth Justice Board.", "Youth Offending Team __knowledge__ It deals with young offenders, sets up community services and reparation plans, and attempts to prevent youth recidivism and incarceration.", "Youth Offending Team __knowledge__ YOTs were set up following the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act with the intention of reducing the risk of young people offending and re-offending, and to provide counsel and rehabilitation to those who do offend.", "Youth Offending Team __knowledge__ Youth Offending Teams engage in a wide variety of work with young offenders (those under 18) in order to achieve their aims.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Betty May __knowledge__ Betty May (born Betty Marlow Golding 1893, died after 1955) was a British singer, dancer, and model, who worked primarily in London's West End.", "Betty May __knowledge__ She was a member of the London Bohemian set of the inter-war years, claimed to have joined a criminal gang in Paris, was associated with occultist Aleister Crowley, and sat for Augustus John and Jacob Epstein.", "Betty May __knowledge__ She became known as the \"Tiger Woman\".", "Betty May __knowledge__ She adopted the name Betty May early in life, for reasons that are unclear.", "Betty May __knowledge__ Betty May was born Betty Marlow Golding in Tidal Basin, Canning Town, London, in 1893.", "Betty May __knowledge__ She was born into poverty.", "Betty May __knowledge__ The only known account of her early life is her autobiography \"Tiger Woman\", in which May writes that her father left the family when she was very young, leaving her mother to raise four children on the ten shillings a week she earned working long hours.", "Bianca Jackson __knowledge__ Bianca Jackson (also Butcher) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" played by Patsy Palmer.", "Bianca Jackson __knowledge__ The character was introduced by executive producer Leonard Lewis and appeared initially from 1993 to 1999, when Palmer opted to leave.", "Bianca Jackson __knowledge__ In 2002 executive producer John Yorke brought the character back for a special spin-off show.", "Bianca Jackson __knowledge__ She returned to \"EastEnders\" as a full-time character in April 2008, reintroduced by executive producer Diederick Santer.", "Bianca Jackson __knowledge__ Palmer took maternity leave in 2010, and Bianca left the series on 21 January 2011.", "Bianca Jackson __knowledge__ The character returned for a four-month guest stint on 15 December 2011 and left again from April 2012 to November 2012.", "Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention) __knowledge__ Non Violent Resistance (NVR) is a psychological approach for overcoming destructive, aggressive, controlling and risk-taking behaviour.", "Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention) __knowledge__ It was originally developed to address serious behaviour problems in young people, although it is now also being utilised in many different areas, such as adult entitled dependence, anxiety-related problems, problems linked to paediatric illness, internet dependency and misuse, and domestic violence perpetrated by adults.", "Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention) __knowledge__ Empirical research is on-going and relatively new.", "Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention) __knowledge__ However, the outcome studies carried out so far has shown it to be effective for reducing childhood violence and aggression, improved relationships within the family, as well as increasing parents’ confidence levels and improving parental mental health." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage.", "The Turtles __knowledge__ The Turtles were an American rock band led by vocalists Howard Kaylan and Mark Volman, later known as \"Flo & Eddie\".", "The Turtles __knowledge__ The band had several Top 40 hits beginning with their cover version of Bob Dylan's \"It Ain't Me Babe\" in 1965.", "The Turtles __knowledge__ They scored their biggest and best-known hit in 1967 with the song \"Happy Together\".", "The Turtles __knowledge__ The band broke up in 1970.", "The Turtles __knowledge__ Kaylan and Volman later found long-lasting success as session musicians, billed as the comedic vocal duo Flo & Eddie.", "The Turtles __knowledge__ In 2010, a reconstituted version of the band, the Turtles Featuring Flo & Eddie, began performing live shows again.", "The Turtles __knowledge__ The band, originally a surf-rock group called the Crossfires, was formed in 1965 in Westchester, Los Angeles, by high school friends Kaylan, Volman, Al Nichol, Chuck Portz, Don Murray, and Jim Tucker.", "Happy Together (2001 TV series) __knowledge__ Happy Together () is a South Korean talk show which first ran on November 8, 2001 on KBS2.", "Happy Together (2001 TV series) __knowledge__ It was the most popular show on KBS from 2002–2003, and further continued its success in two more seasons.", "Happy Together (2001 TV series) __knowledge__ Currently, \"Happy Together\" is still placed one of the most popular shows on Korean free-to-air networks which airs every Thursday at 23:05 (KST) regularly.", "Happy Together (2001 TV series) __knowledge__ The program celebrated its 200th episode of its third season on July 7, 2011.", "Happy Together (2001 TV series) __knowledge__ Season 1 of \"Happy Together\" lasted for 4 years from November 8, 2001 to April 28, 2005.", "Happy Together (2001 TV series) __knowledge__ It was the most popular season of the Happy Together series, the most popular variety show on KBS from 2002–2004, and the most watched show on Thursday nights.", "The Association __knowledge__ The Association is an American sunshine pop band from California.", "The Association __knowledge__ During the late 1960s, the band had numerous hits at or near the top of the \"Billboard\" charts (including \"Windy\", \"Cherish\", \"Never My Love\" and \"Along Comes Mary\") and were the lead-off band at 1967's Monterey Pop Festival.", "The Association __knowledge__ They are noted for intricate vocal harmonies by the band's multiple singers.", "The Association __knowledge__ Jules Alexander (born September 25, 1943, Chattanooga, Tennessee) was in Hawaii in 1962 serving a stint in the Navy when he met Terry Kirkman (born December 12, 1939, Salina, Kansas, who had grown up in Chino, California, and attended Chaffey College as a music major), a visiting salesman.", "Happy Together (song) __knowledge__ \"Happy Together\" is a 1967 song from the Turtles' album of the same name.", "Happy Together (song) __knowledge__ Released as a single in February 1967, the song knocked The Beatles' \"Penny Lane\" out of the number one slot for three weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Happy Together (song) __knowledge__ It was the group's only chart-topper in the United States.", "Happy Together (song) __knowledge__ \"Happy Together\" reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart in April 1967 and number 13 on Top 100 Singles of 1967 in Canada.", "Happy Together (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Garry Bonner and Alan Gordon, former members of a band known as The Magicians.", "Happy Together (song) __knowledge__ The song had been rejected a dozen times before it was offered to the Turtles, and the demo acetate was worn out.\"", "Wong Kar-wai __knowledge__ Wong Kar-wai, BBS (born 17 July 1958) is a Hong Kong Second Wave filmmaker, internationally renowned as an auteur for his visually unique, highly stylized work, including \"As Tears Go By\" (1988), \"Days of Being Wild\" (1990), \"Ashes of Time\" (1994), \"Chungking Express\" (1994), \"Fallen Angels\" (1995), \"Happy Together\" (1997), \"2046\" (2004) and \"The Grandmaster\" (2013).", "Wong Kar-wai __knowledge__ His film \"In the Mood for Love\" (2000), starring Maggie Cheung and Tony Leung, notably garnered widespread critical acclaim.", "Wong Kar-wai __knowledge__ Wong's films frequently feature protagonists who yearn for romance in the midst of a knowingly brief life and scenes that can often be described as sketchy, digressive, exhilarating, and containing vivid imagery.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "The Buckinghams __knowledge__ The Buckinghams are an American Sunshine pop band from Chicago, Illinois, United States.", "The Buckinghams __knowledge__ They formed in 1966, and went on to become one of the top selling acts of 1967, charting their only five Top 40 hits in the U.S. that year.", "The Buckinghams __knowledge__ The band dissolved in 1970, but re-formed in 1980 and they continue to tour throughout the United States.", "The Buckinghams __knowledge__ In 1965 guitarists Carl Giammarese and Nick Fortuna, along with bassist Curtis Bachman, were invited to join a band called the Centuries.", "The Buckinghams __knowledge__ Giammarese and Bachman, plus keyboardist Dennis Miccolis, later became members of another band, the Pulsations, whose members included drummer John Poulos and vocalists George LeGros and Dennis Tufano.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ The International Sweethearts of Rhythm was the first integrated all women's band in the United States.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ During the 1940s the band featured some of the best female musicians of the day.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ They played swing and jazz on a national circuit that included the Apollo Theater in New York City, the Regal Theater in Chicago, and the Howard Theater in Washington, DC.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ After a performance in Chicago in 1943, the \"Chicago Defender\" announced the band was, \"One of the hottest stage shows that ever raised the roof of the theater!\"", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ More recently, they have been labeled \"the most prominent and probably best female aggregation of the Big Band era.\"", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ Moira Dingle (also Barton) is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Emmerdale\", played by Natalie J. Robb.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ The actress successfully auditioned for the role after a call came through her agent.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ Robb's character and her family were created and introduced to \"Emmerdale\" as part of an overhaul of the show by the series producer Gavin Blyth.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ The Barton family took over the running of Butler's Farm and they were described as being \"sexy, modern and contemporary\".", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ Robb first appeared as Moira during the episode broadcast on 17 July 2009.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ Moira is portrayed as being strong, feisty, vivacious and independent.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ John Barton is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Emmerdale\", played by James Thornton.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ The actor was asked to audition for the part and he called it the \"most frightening audition\" he had ever done.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ Thornton won the role of John, who was introduced to \"Emmerdale\" along with his family as part of an overhaul of the show by the series producer Gavin Blyth.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ The Barton family took over the running of Butler's Farm and they were described as being \"sexy, modern and contemporary\".", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ Thornton made his debut screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 17 July 2009.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ The following year, he signed a one-year extension to his contract.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ Shola Aur Shabnam () is a 1961 Bollywood romance film written and directed by Ramesh Saigal.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ It stars Dharmendra, Tarla Mehta, Abhi Bhattacharya, Vijayalakshmi and M. Rajan in pivotal roles.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ It was one of the very early films of Dharmendra.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ The film is about a young man torn between love for his long lost childhood sweetheart, and devotion towards a friend who has helped set him up in his career.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ The film features music by Khayyam.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ The original soundtrack contains some of the most famous songs, like \"Jane Kya Dhoondti Rahti\" etc.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ Ravi or \"Bunnu\" (Akashdeep) as he's called at home and Sandhya (Chandrakala) are childhood sweethearts despite Ravi being poor, and Sandhya being rich.", "Mick Carter __knowledge__ Michael \"Mick\" Carter is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" played by Danny Dyer, making his first appearance in the show in the episode originally broadcast in the United Kingdom on 25 December 2013.", "Mick Carter __knowledge__ Dyer's casting was announced on 1 October 2013 with that of his on-screen partner, Linda Carter, played by Kellie Bright.", "Mick Carter __knowledge__ He is the son of established character Shirley Carter (Linda Henry) and a member of the Carter family.", "Mick Carter __knowledge__ Mick immediately becomes the new landlord of The Queen Victoria public house (referred to as \"The Vic\"), bringing Linda, their son Johnny Carter (Sam Strike/Ted Reilly) and pet dog Lady Di with him.", "The Great Friendship __knowledge__ The Great Friendship (Russian: Великая дружба) is a 1947 opera by Vano Muradeli, to a libretto by Georgi Mdivani.", "The Great Friendship __knowledge__ It was premiered in Donetsk (then known as Stalino) on 28 September 1947 and given its Moscow premiere at the Bolshoi Theatre, on 7 November 1947.", "The Great Friendship __knowledge__ Joseph Stalin attended a performance at the Bolshoi on 5 January 1948, and strongly disapproved of the opera.", "The Great Friendship __knowledge__ This led to a significant purge, often referred to as the \"Zhdanovshchina\", of the musical life of the Soviet Union.", "The Great Friendship __knowledge__ The opera was first mooted in 1941 as a homage to Sergo Ordzhonikidze, a leading Bolshevik revolutionary, later a member of the CPSU Politburo and long-time close associate of Stalin, who in 1937 had shot himself anticipating arrest from his former friend, but whose death had at the time been given out as caused by heart failure.", "Beautiful Dreamer (2006 film) __knowledge__ Beautiful Dreamer is a 2006 romantic drama film directed by Terri Farley Teruel.", "Beautiful Dreamer (2006 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Brooke Langton and Colin Egglesfield as childhood sweethearts who become husband and wife as America enters World War II.", "Beautiful Dreamer (2006 film) __knowledge__ \"Beautiful Dreamer\" is loosely based on real-life events that occurred on a Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombing mission during World War II and the aftermath of the war as it affected a small family.", "Beautiful Dreamer (2006 film) __knowledge__ Soon after childhood sweethearts Joe Kelly (Colin Egglesfield) and Claire (Brooke Langton) get married, Joe, a former cropduster, becomes a Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber pilot.", "Beautiful Dreamer (2006 film) __knowledge__ During a mission, he crashes his bomber and is captured." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage.", "Sweet Dreams (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Sweet Dreams\" is a song by American singer Beyoncé from her third studio album \"I Am... Sasha Fierce\" (2008).", "Sweet Dreams (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Originally titled \"Beautiful Nightmare\", it leaked online in March 2008.", "Sweet Dreams (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Beyoncé, James Scheffer, Wayne Wilkins, and Rico Love.", "Sweet Dreams (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Sweet Dreams\", the album's sixth single, to mainstream radio and rhythmic contemporary radio playlists in the United States on June 2, 2009, and elsewhere on July 13.", "Sweet Dreams (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It is an electropop song whose instrumentation includes synthesizers, a keyboard, and snare drums.", "Sweet Dreams (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Knowles employs slinky vocals to sing the haunting lyrics, which describe a romantic relationship that the female protagonist believes could be a dream.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The Chemistry Set are a cult London psychedelic band.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Composed of veterans of the late 1980s neo-psychedelic boom, the group received regular airplay on John Peel's show, were covered in the mainstream and underground music press and appeared on Tony Wilson's BBC2 television show, \"100%\".", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The original line up consisted of Ashley Wood (rhythm guitar/vocals), Paul Lake (lead guitar/vocals), Henry Taprell (bass) and Dave McLean (drums/vocals) with Neil Pond (Harmonica and percussion) joining them both onstage and in the studio.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Wood and Lake had previously played in school bands for a number of years having met at secondary school in south east London.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ In Chinese tradition, certain numbers are believed by some to be auspicious (吉利, ) or inauspicious (不利, ) based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The numbers 6, 8 and 9 are generally considered to be auspicious, while 4 and 7 are considered inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 0 (零, ) is the beginning of all things and is generally considered a good number.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 1 (一, ) is neither auspicious nor inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ It is a number given to winners to indicate the first place.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ But it can also symbolize loneliness or being single.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ For example: November 11th is the Singles' Day in China, as the date has four ‘1’ which stand for singles.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Nashville Sounds are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ They are located in Nashville, Tennessee, and are named for the city's association with the music industry.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at First Tennessee Park which opened in 2015 and is partially located on the site of the historic Sulphur Dell ballpark.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Sounds previously played at Herschel Greer Stadium from its opening in 1978 until the end of the 2014 season.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ Established as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League in 1978, the Sounds were replaced by a Triple-A American Association team in 1985.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Domenica is the daughter of Janice and Bobby Baccalieri.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ She was born sometime in 2005, after her parents got married.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Getting her registered for a pre-school was the reason why Janice and Bobby were not able to take care of Junior the night he shot Tony.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Domenica rode the amusement ride with her mother at the Feast of St. Elzéar when it broke.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ She longed for another ride and Tony later spun her around at the feast, to her joy.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ That year, Janice took Domenica to Satriale's Pork Store to demand that Tony make Bobby a capo.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ In 2007, Domenica played at the house near the lake when Tony, Carmela, Bobby, and Janice celebrated Tony's birthday.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Santa Barbara\" cast and characters.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ The following characters are notable for their actions or relationships and/or part of a notable family from the series, who warrant their own articles.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ The following are notable characters who do not warrant their own articles.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ \"Rupert Ravens (July 30, 1984-November 28, 1986)\" Danny, Santana's younger brother, was part of the very first teen set on the show.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ Danny and his friends sought fame in Hollywood and even opened a hotel.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ He was involved with Jade Perkins, but their relationship was eventually phased out.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ By 1985 Danny was almost forgotten.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1990 and December 1999.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Lillie Belle Barber first appeared in 1990 as the mother of Olivia and Drucilla Barber.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ The role was originated by Norma Donaldson, who portrayed the role for four years before being replaced by Robin Braxton briefly in 1994.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ History Lillie Belle and her husband Walter are the parents of Drucilla and Olivia Barber.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Lillie Belle, in particular, tended to favor her older daughter, Olivia, because Drucilla was the product of Walter and Lillie Belle having unprotected sex.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 2000 to 2009.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Sage Alcazar is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Eileen Boylan in 2003, and then by Katie Stuart in 2004." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 10 ]

[ "I ended up marrying my childhood sweetheart who I loved as a young person in highschool.", "We have been married for 14 years and they have been amazing. I believe mostly because we developed a great friendship as childhood sweethearts first", "we actually don't have any children b/c of some health problems I have. Although we both dated other people the relationship we had formed with each other could not be denied and we ended up back together. We got married when I was 22.", "no we were both each others first love. It just took us a bit to realize it and come back to each other. " ]

[ "Childhood sweetheart", "Childhood sweetheart", "Childhood sweetheart", "Childhood sweetheart" ]

[ "Gap year\nHow do you feel about Gap years?", "I think they can be wise for some people who may not be ready to take the plunge into college life", "Yes and that is another reason it may be a good idea. My brother-in-law did it for that reason and it really helped with the cost for his college education as well", "My brother should have taken a gap year b/c he was young at only 17 when he graduated and I think going straight to college was to overwhelming for him. He ended up leaving school after a few years and didn't finish" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity __knowledge__ The Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity is a Machian and conformal theory of gravity proposed by Fred Hoyle and Jayant Narlikar that originally fits into the quasi steady state model of the universe.", "Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity __knowledge__ The gravitational constant \"G\" is arbitrary and is determined by the mean density of matter in the universe.", "Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity __knowledge__ The theory was inspired by the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory for electrodynamics.", "Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity __knowledge__ When Feynman, as a graduate student, lectured on the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory in the weekly physics seminar at Princeton, Einstein was in the audience and stated at question time that he was trying to achieve the same thing for gravity.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ Gapyear.com is a gap year social network based in the United Kingdom.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ Built around a travel community, its members engage in the site through blogs, events, messageboards and photos.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ It provides advice, ideas and opportunities on everything related to gap years and backpacking, including information on planning your trip, destinations, volunteering, and working abroad.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ It is also described as a travel advice website.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ Tom Griffiths published \"Before You Go\" in 1997, a book about planning your gap year, and went on to win The Times's \"Young Travel Writer of the Year\" award.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ Griffiths went on to create The Gap Year Company Ltd. in July 1998 with IT consultant Peter Pedrick.", "Nativ College Leadership Program __knowledge__ Nativ College Leadership Program is the gap year program in Israel, run by United Synagogue Youth.", "Nativ College Leadership Program __knowledge__ It includes an academic component in fall semester, travel, and a community service component in spring semester.", "Nativ College Leadership Program __knowledge__ It is associated with Conservative Judaism.", "Nativ College Leadership Program __knowledge__ The program had a record enrollment of 106 participants in 2007, which was prior to the recent recession in the United States.", "Nativ College Leadership Program __knowledge__ This came at a time of increased enrollment for several gap year programs in Israel, which was attributed by Keith Berman of Young Judaea's Year Course to calm in Israel.", "Nativ College Leadership Program __knowledge__ Others cited growth in financial aid, and growing acceptance of gap years in general in North America.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ Info-gap decision theory is a non-probabilistic decision theory that seeks to optimize robustness to failure – or opportuneness for windfall – under severe uncertainty, in particular applying sensitivity analysis of the stability radius type to perturbations in the value of a given estimate of the parameter of interest.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ It has some connections with Wald's maximin model; some authors distinguish them, others consider them instances of the same principle.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ It has been developed since the 1980s by Yakov Ben-Haim, and has found many applications and described as a theory for decision-making under \"\"severe\" uncertainty\".", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The achievement gap in the United States refers to the observed, persistent disparity in measures of educational performance among subgroups of U.S. students, especially groups defined by socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity and gender.", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The achievement gap can be observed on a variety of measures, including standardized test scores, grade point average, dropout rates, and college enrollment and completion rates.", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ While this article focuses on the achievement gap in the United States, the gap in achievement between lower income students and higher income students exists in all nations and it has been studied extensively in the U.S. and other countries, including the U.K.", "Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum __knowledge__ The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), alternatively (ETM1), and formerly known as the \"Initial Eocene\" or \"\" was a time period with more than 8 °C warmer global average temperature than today.", "Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum __knowledge__ This climate event began at the time boundary between the Paleocene and Eocene geological epochs.", "Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum __knowledge__ The exact age and duration of the event is uncertain but it is estimated to have occurred around 55.5 million years ago.", "Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum __knowledge__ The associated period of massive carbon injection into the atmosphere has been estimated to have lasted no longer than 20,000 years.", "Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum __knowledge__ The entire warm period lasted for about 200,000 years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "The Haunting (1963 film) __knowledge__ The Haunting is a 1963 British psychological horror film directed and produced by Robert Wise and adapted by Nelson Gidding from the 1959 novel \"The Haunting of Hill House\" by Shirley Jackson.", "The Haunting (1963 film) __knowledge__ It stars Julie Harris, Claire Bloom, Richard Johnson, and Russ Tamblyn.", "The Haunting (1963 film) __knowledge__ The film depicts the experiences of a small group of people invited by a paranormal investigator to investigate a purportedly haunted house.", "The Haunting (1963 film) __knowledge__ Screenwriter Gidding, who had worked with director Wise on the 1958 film \"I Want to Live!", "The Haunting (1963 film) __knowledge__ \", began a six-month write of the script after reading the book, which Wise had given to him.", "The Haunting (1963 film) __knowledge__ He perceived the book to be more about mental breakdown than ghosts, and although he was informed after meeting author Shirley Jackson that it was very much a supernatural novel, elements of mental breakdown were introduced into the film.", "Bob Wise __knowledge__ Robert Ellsworth Wise Jr. (born January 6, 1948) is an American politician.", "Bob Wise __knowledge__ A Democrat, Wise served as the 33rd Governor of West Virginia from January 2001 to January 2005.", "Bob Wise __knowledge__ He also served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 until 2001.", "Bob Wise __knowledge__ In 2005 Wise became the president of the Alliance for Excellent Education, a nonprofit organization that focuses on reforming the nation’s high schools.", "Bob Wise __knowledge__ In 2015, North Carolina State University honored Wise with the William and Ida Friday Institute for Educational Innovation’s Friday Medal which recognizes significant, distinguished and enduring contributions to education through advocating innovation, advancing education and imparting inspiration.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter.", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ Mendler has a degree in Anthropology from the University of Southern California.", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film \"The Legend of Buddha\", later starring in the films \"Alice Upside Down\", \"The Clique\" and \"Labor Pains\" as a teenager.", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on \"Wizards of Waverly Place\".", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ Following the positive reception to her character, she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series \"Good Luck Charlie\", which ran from April 2010 to February 2014.", "Robert Wise __knowledge__ Robert Earl Wise (September 10, 1914 – September 14, 2005) was an American film director, producer and editor.", "Robert Wise __knowledge__ He won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture for both \"West Side Story\" (1961) and \"The Sound of Music\" (1965).", "Robert Wise __knowledge__ He was also nominated for Best Film Editing for \"Citizen Kane\" (1941) and directed and produced \"The Sand Pebbles\" (1966), which was nominated for Best Picture.", "Robert Wise __knowledge__ Among his other films are \"The Body Snatcher\" (1945), \"Born to Kill\" (1947), \"The Set-Up\" (1949), \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\" (1951), \"Destination Gobi\" (1953), \"This Could Be The Night\" (1957), \"Run Silent, Run Deep\" (1958), \"I Want to Live!\"", "Beverly Gray __knowledge__ The Beverly Gray Mystery Stories, comprising 26 novels published between 1934 and 1955, were written by Clair Blank, pen name of Clarissa Mabel Blank Moyer.", "Beverly Gray __knowledge__ The series began as a series of school stories, and followed Beverly's progress through college, her various romances, and a career as a reporter before becoming strictly a mystery series.", "Beverly Gray __knowledge__ Beverly is portrayed as an extraordinarily determined individual, with \"a driving ambition in her heart that would not let her idle her life away.\"", "Beverly Gray __knowledge__ Across 26 books, she leads \"such a life of adventure as would tax the resources of any soap opera heroine\".", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet, such as massive open online courses, competency-based education, sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loan debt According to the National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades.", "Battaramulla __knowledge__ Battaramulla is a suburb of the city of Colombo, situated 5.2 miles from the City Centre at Colombo Fort, near the Parliament of Sri Lanka.", "Battaramulla __knowledge__ It is one of the fastest developing administrative, commercial and residential areas in the Colombo District being home to the country's elite.", "Battaramulla __knowledge__ By present Battaramulla has been an important town in Sri Lanka, because of the Sri Lanka government decided to locate all the government department head offices in this town.", "Battaramulla __knowledge__ Battaramulla has always been an adjunct to Kotte, which lay on the opposite side of the Diyawanna Oya.", "Battaramulla __knowledge__ At the time of the Kotte Kingdom, the cooks at the royal palace would travel there daily by ferry across the Diyawanna Oya.", "List of Beverly Hills, 90210 characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from \"Beverly Hills, 90210\", an American drama series which aired from October 4, 1990 to May 17, 2000 on the Fox television network, and went into syndication afterwards.", "List of Beverly Hills, 90210 characters __knowledge__ It is the first show of the \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" franchise.", "List of Beverly Hills, 90210 characters __knowledge__ Throughout its decade-long run, the series had substantial cast changes.", "List of Beverly Hills, 90210 characters __knowledge__ note: \"Guest\" refers to a previous main character returning for only one or two episodes in that season.", "List of Beverly Hills, 90210 characters __knowledge__ Jason Priestley portrays Brandon Andrew Walsh (main, season 1–9; special guest, season 10), the moral center of the show and the glue that holds the gang together (and Priestley was the group's off-screen \"quarterback\").", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ \"Family Matters\" is an American sitcom revolving around the Winslow family, a middle-class African-American family living in Chicago; the series ran for nine seasons (eight on ABC and one on CBS).", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ The series is a spin-off of \"Perfect Strangers\".", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ Midway through the first season, the show introduced the Winslows' nerdy neighbor Steve Urkel (played by Jaleel White), who quickly became its breakout character and eventually a main character.", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ The series had a total of 12 main characters, with some characters portrayed by multiple actors.", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ JoMarie Payton originally appeared on \"Perfect Strangers\" in 1987 in the recurring role of Harriette Winslow, the elevator operator for the \"Chicago Chronicle\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Jack White __knowledge__ John Anthony \"Jack\" White (né Gillis; July 9, 1975) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor.", "Jack White __knowledge__ He is known as the lead singer and guitarist of duo The White Stripes.", "Jack White __knowledge__ He has also had success in other bands and as a solo artist.", "Jack White __knowledge__ On April 24, 2012, White released his debut solo album, \"Blunderbuss\".", "Jack White __knowledge__ His second studio album, \"Lazaretto\", was released on June 10, 2014.", "Jack White __knowledge__ Both received wide commercial and critical acclaim.", "Jack White __knowledge__ After moonlighting in several underground Detroit bands as a drummer, White founded The White Stripes with fellow Detroit native Meg White in 1997.", "Jack White __knowledge__ Their 2001 breakthrough album, \"White Blood Cells\", brought them international fame with the hit single and accompanying music video, \"Fell in Love with a Girl\".", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 1990 to 1999.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Brook Lynn Ashton is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\".", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ On the series, she is the daughter of Ned Ashton and Lois Cerullo, and was named after her mother's hometown of Brooklyn.", "Is It College Yet? __knowledge__ Is It College Yet?", "Is It College Yet? __knowledge__ is a 2002 American animated television comedy-drama film written by Glenn Eichler and Peggy Niccoll, and directed by Karen Disher.", "Is It College Yet? __knowledge__ First broadcast on January 21, 2002, the film was the second of two movie-length installments of MTV's animated television series \"Daria\", and served as the series finale.", "Is It College Yet? __knowledge__ The first music video for \"Breaking Up the Girl\" by Garbage premiered as part of the film, featuring a \"Daria\" montage, and the song was promoted as the \"theme song\" for \"College\"; the song used to open the film was Splendora's last ever song \"College Try (Gives Me Blisters)\".", "Is It College Yet? __knowledge__ The two telemovies, \"Is It Fall Yet?\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet, such as massive open online courses, competency-based education, sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loan debt According to the National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Causes of Unemployment in the United States discusses the causes of U.S. unemployment and strategies for reducing it.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Job creation and unemployment are affected by factors such as economic conditions, global competition, education, automation, and demographics.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ These factors can affect the number of workers, the duration of unemployment, and wage levels.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ There are a variety of domestic, foreign, market and government factors that impact unemployment in the United States.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ These may be characterized as cyclical (related to the business cycle) or structural (related to underlying economic characteristics) and include, among others: There are many domestic factors affecting the U.S. labor force and employment levels.", "Offset agreement __knowledge__ Offsets can be defined as provisions to an import agreement, between an exporting foreign company, or possibly a government acting as intermediary, and an importing public entity, that oblige the exporter to undertake activities in order to satisfy a second objective of the importing entity, distinct from the acquisition of the goods and/or services that form the core transaction.", "Offset agreement __knowledge__ The incentive for the exporter results from the conditioning of the core transaction to the acceptance of the offset obligation.", "Offset agreement __knowledge__ Offset agreements often involve trade in military goods and services and are alternatively called: industrial compensations, industrial cooperation, offsets, industrial and regional benefits, balances, \"juste retour\" or equilibrium, to define mechanisms more complex than counter-trade.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main subsystems: university and polytechnic education.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ It is provided in autonomous public universities, private universities, public or private university institutes, polytechnic institutions and higher education institutions of other types.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of \"numerus clausus\" is enforced through a national database on student admissions.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ In addition, every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic transfer), former students (readmission), and course change, which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs).", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ According to the IPCC's 2014 assessment report, \"Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of the 'tragedy of the commons'.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest (see international cooperation and emissions trading), suggesting the need for collective action.", "Walden University __knowledge__ Walden University is a for-profit Public Benefit Corporation, headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Walden University offers Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, Master of Business Administration, Master of Public Administration, Master of Public Health, Education Specialist, Doctor of Education, Doctor of Business Administration, and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in a number of academic fields.", "Walden University __knowledge__ Walden is a part of a global network of 80 universities across 29 countries owned or managed by Laureate Education Inc. Walden was established in 1970 by two New York teachers, Bernie and Rita Turner, who created a program for working adults/teachers to pursue doctoral degrees.", "Negative gearing __knowledge__ Negative gearing is a form of financial leverage whereby an investor borrows money to acquire an income-producing investment property and expects the gross income generated by the investment, at least in the short term, to be less than the cost of owning and managing the investment, including depreciation and interest charged on the loan (but excluding capital repayments).", "Negative gearing __knowledge__ The investor may enter into such an arrangement and expect the tax benefits (if any) and the capital gain on the investment, when the investment is ultimately disposed of, to exceed the accumulated losses of holding the investment." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ Kyle Braxton (also Bennett) is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Nic Westaway.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ Kyle debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 8 August 2012.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ The actor was nervous about joining the established Braxton family because of their popularity with viewers.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ Kyle is a \"damaged individual\" who grew up without much love.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ His father, Danny Braxton (Andy McPhee) walked out on him and his mother died.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ He was placed into foster care.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ Kyle developed a vendetta against his half-brothers and when Casey Braxton (Lincoln Younes) kills Danny, Kyle kidnaps Casey and leaves him for dead in the Australian desert.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ PC Francis \"Taffy\" Edwards was known as the 'thin streak of Welsh misery'.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ A quiet country boy who hailed from a poor farming family near Bangor, he sometimes struggled to adapt to city life.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ Edwards was extremely lazy, often thinking up ingenious ways to avoid having to do serious work – but he had an infectious charm and was popular amongst the relief.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ The History of Oregon State Beavers football covers more than 120 seasons since the team began play in 1893.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ In 1893, Oregon State College was known as State Agricultural College (SAC).", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ William H. Bloss, son of SAC's school president, was the school's first coach, and the quarterback of the 1893 team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss moved to Corvallis, Oregon in June 1892.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ He previously played football in the Midwest, and was considered very knowledgeable of football.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss scheduled tryouts in the fall of 1893 trying to assemble a football team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ By mid-October, he had found 17 players that would make up the first football team in Oregon State's history.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke __knowledge__ Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, () , was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.", "Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke __knowledge__ It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.", "Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke __knowledge__ However, the court ruled that specific racial quotas, such as the 16 out of 100 seats set aside for minority students by the University of California, Davis School of Medicine, were impermissible.", "Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke __knowledge__ Although the Supreme Court had outlawed segregation in schools, and had even ordered school districts to take steps to assure integration, the question of the legality of voluntary affirmative action programs initiated by universities was unresolved.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ University admission or college admission is the process through which students enter tertiary education at universities and colleges.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ Systems vary widely from country to country, and sometimes from institution to institution.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ In many countries, prospective university students apply for admission during their last year of high school or community college.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ In some countries, there are independent organizations or government agencies to centralize the administration of standardized admission exams and the processing of applications.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ As Australia uses a Federal system of government, responsibility for education, and admission to Technical and Further Education colleges and undergraduate degrees at universities for domestic students, are in the domain of state and territory government (see Education in Australia).", "University of Bristol admissions controversy __knowledge__ The University of Bristol admissions controversy refers to an historic dispute over the admissions process for the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom which occurred in 2003.", "University of Bristol admissions controversy __knowledge__ The 2003 incident was caused by concerns over bias in the admissions system that were perceived as favouritism towards state school students after the rejection of some students with strong academic records who attended independent schools.", "University of Bristol admissions controversy __knowledge__ The University's widening participation policy allowed the awarding of slightly lower offers to promising applicants from schools with lower academic achievement.", "University of Bristol admissions controversy __knowledge__ Controversy surrounding this policy resulted in a brief boycott of the University by some independent schools and intense media debate about the fairness of the admissions policy as well as praise and criticism of the policy and the boycott from politicians, student leaders and education groups.", "Transfer admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Transfer admissions in the United States refers to college students changing universities during their college years.", "Transfer admissions in the United States __knowledge__ While estimates of transfer activity vary considerably, the consensus view is that it is substantial and increasing, although media coverage of student transfers is generally less than coverage of the high school to college transition.", "Transfer admissions in the United States __knowledge__ A common transfer path is students moving from two-year community colleges to four-year institutions, although there is also considerable movement between four-year institutions.", "Transfer admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Reasons for transferring include unhappiness with campus life, cost, and course and degree selection.", "Morris County School of Technology __knowledge__ The Morris County School of Technology (MCVTS or MCST) is a vocational magnet public high school located in Denville Township, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Morris County Vocational School District.", "Morris County School of Technology __knowledge__ This school prepares high school students for future careers, through its academy programs, each focusing on a particular trade as well as an advanced college preparatory program.", "Morris County School of Technology __knowledge__ Students apply to one of the 13 different academies in a process that starts the 8th grade year of local students.", "Morris County School of Technology __knowledge__ The highly competitive process begins with a general admissions test and is followed by group interviews on an academy basis." ] ]

[ 1, 41, 10, 27 ]

[ "I don't mind them. I took one between high school and when I got accepted to college.", "Me too, I worked a job for a year so I could offset most of the public university costs that I went to.", "Yes I was torn between two schools and the extra year made the admissions process a lot easier when I finally decided.", "Yes I read somewhere like 80% of students go to state funded schools. That is what I did when I finally decided." ]

[ "Gap year", "Gap year", "Gap year", "Gap year" ]

[ "Healthy diet\nI like cooking healthy meals", "Do you cook every food all over the world?", "That is good, which Chinese dish do you know?", "I bet that is tasty" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve overall health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, adequate amino acids from protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, fibre and adequate calories.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The requirements for a healthy diet can be met from a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods, although a non-animal source of vitamin B12 is needed for those following a vegan diet.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet supports energy needs and provides for human nutrition without exposure to toxicity or excessive weight gain from consuming more calories than the body requires.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet, in addition to exercise, is thought to be important for lowering health risks, such as obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ Various nutrition guides are published by medical and governmental institutions to educate individuals on what they should be eating to promote health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ Nutrition facts labels are also mandatory in some countries to allow consumers to choose between foods based on the components relevant to health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The idea of dietary therapy (using dietary choices to maintain health and improve poor health) is quite old and thus has both modern scientific forms (medical nutrition therapy) and prescientific forms (such as dietary therapy in traditional Chinese medicine).", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ School meal programs in the United States provide school meals free of charge, or at a government-subsidized price, to U.S. students from low-income families.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ These free or subsidized meals have the potential to increase household food security, which can improve children's health and expand their educational opportunities.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ The biggest school meal program in the United States is the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), which was signed into law by President Harry S. Truman in 1946.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ Its purpose is to prevent malnutrition and provide a foundation for good nutritional health.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ The text of the National School Lunch Act, which established the program, called it a \"measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the nation's children and to encourage domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities\".", "School meal __knowledge__ A school meal or school lunch (also known as hot lunch, a school dinner, or school breakfast) is a meal provided to students at school, typically in the middle or beginning of the school day.", "School meal __knowledge__ Countries all over the world have various kinds of school meal programs.", "School meal __knowledge__ Millions of children from all standards and grades get their meals at their respective schools every day.", "School meal __knowledge__ School meals provide high-energy food with high nutritional values either free, or at economical rates.", "School meal __knowledge__ The benefits of school meals vary from country to country.", "School meal __knowledge__ While in developed countries the school meal is a source of nutritious meals, in developing countries it is an incentive to send children to school and continue their education.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Summer Food Service Program __knowledge__ During the school year a large number of children in the United States receive free and reduced-lunches through their school lunch programs.", "Summer Food Service Program __knowledge__ However, when the school year ends food insecurity becomes prevalent amongst school-aged children.", "Summer Food Service Program __knowledge__ The Summer Food Service Program helps alleviate the nutritional gap and makes meals accessible to all children less than 18 years of age.", "Summer Food Service Program __knowledge__ The Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) began in 1968.", "Summer Food Service Program __knowledge__ It was an amendment to the National School Lunch Act.", "Summer Food Service Program __knowledge__ Today, the SFSP is the largest federal resource available for local sponsors who want to combine a child nutrition program with a summer activity program.", "Food & Friends __knowledge__ Food & Friends is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. .", "Food & Friends __knowledge__ It was incorporated on May 19, 1989, Food & Friends is the only organization in the Washington, DC area providing specialized, healthy meals, groceries, and nutrition counseling to people living with HIV/AIDS, cancer and other life-challenging illnesses.", "Food & Friends __knowledge__ Depending entirely on the support of donors and volunteers, the confidential services are free-of-charge to recipients who qualify solely based on health status and nutritional need.", "Food & Friends __knowledge__ Staff and volunteers deliver to a service area spanning over 5,300 square miles including the District of Columbia, seven counties in Maryland and seven counties and six independent cities in Virginia.", "Jamie Oliver __knowledge__ James Trevor Oliver, (born 27 May 1975) is a British celebrity chef and restaurateur.", "Jamie Oliver __knowledge__ He is most known for his typically English cuisine that has garnered him numerous television shows and restaurants.", "Jamie Oliver __knowledge__ Born and raised in the village of Clavering, Essex, he was educated in London before taking his first culinary engagement at Antonio Carluccio's Neal Street restaurant as a pastry chef.", "Jamie Oliver __knowledge__ When he moved to serve as a sous chef at the River Cafe he was noticed by the BBC and in 1999 debuted his television show, \"The Naked Chef\" which was followed by his first cook book subsequently becoming the No.", "Jamie Oliver __knowledge__ 1 best-seller in the UK.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve overall health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, adequate amino acids from protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, fibre and adequate calories.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The requirements for a healthy diet can be met from a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods, although a non-animal source of vitamin B12 is needed for those following a vegan diet.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet supports energy needs and provides for human nutrition without exposure to toxicity or excessive weight gain from consuming more calories than the body requires.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet, in addition to exercise, is thought to be important for lowering health risks, such as obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ Various nutrition guides are published by medical and governmental institutions to educate individuals on what they should be eating to promote health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ Nutrition facts labels are also mandatory in some countries to allow consumers to choose between foods based on the components relevant to health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The idea of dietary therapy (using dietary choices to maintain health and improve poor health) is quite old and thus has both modern scientific forms (medical nutrition therapy) and prescientific forms (such as dietary therapy in traditional Chinese medicine).", "Julia Child __knowledge__ Julia Carolyn Child (née McWilliams; August 15, 1912 – August 13, 2004) was an American chef, author and television personality.", "Julia Child __knowledge__ She is recognized for bringing French cuisine to the American public with her debut cookbook, \"Mastering the Art of French Cooking\", and her subsequent television programs, the most notable of which was \"The French Chef\", which premiered in 1963.", "Julia Child __knowledge__ Julia Child was born Julia Carolyn McWilliams in 1912 Pasadena, California, the daughter of John McWilliams, Jr., a Princeton University graduate and prominent land manager, and his wife, the former Julia Carolyn (\"Caro\") Weston, a paper-company heiress whose father, Byron Curtis Weston, served as lieutenant governor of Massachusetts.", "WIZB __knowledge__ WIZB (94.3 FM, \"Joy FM 94.3\") (formerly branded as \"His Radio\") is a radio station licensed to serve Abbeville, Alabama, USA.", "WIZB __knowledge__ The station is owned by Radio Training Network, Inc.", "WIZB __knowledge__ It broadcasts a Contemporary Christian format to the Dothan, Alabama, area.", "WIZB __knowledge__ The station also broadcasts its signal on a translator at 96.1 MHz inside the Ross Clark Circle in Dothan to improve its signal within the city.", "WIZB __knowledge__ WIZB started as WARI-FM on February 22, 1968 as the sister station to WARI/1480.", "WIZB __knowledge__ It changed callsigns to WXLE in 1976.", "WIZB __knowledge__ In August 1985, Henry County Radio, Inc., reached an agreement to sell WXLE to Abbeville Wireless Corporation.", "Food __knowledge__ Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.", "Food __knowledge__ It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.", "Food __knowledge__ The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.", "Food __knowledge__ Historically, humans secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering and agriculture.", "Food __knowledge__ Today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry.", "Food __knowledge__ Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council.", "Food composition data __knowledge__ Food composition data (FCD) are detailed sets of information on the nutritionally important components of foods and provide values for energy and nutrients including protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals and for other important food components such as fibre.", "Food composition data __knowledge__ The data are presented in food composition databases (FCDBs).", "Food composition data __knowledge__ In the UK, FCD is listed in tables known as The Chemical Composition of Foods, McCance and Widdowson (1940) and in the first edition the authors stated that: ‘A knowledge of the chemical composition of foods is the first essential in the dietary treatment of disease or in any quantitative study of human nutrition’.", "Barbara Grunes __knowledge__ Barbara Grunes is the author or co-author of 50+ cookbooks.", "Barbara Grunes __knowledge__ A food consultant and historian, Grunes has also written on food and dining for the \"Chicago Sun Times\" and food consultant to the State of Illinois.", "Barbara Grunes __knowledge__ She is well known as an effusive and popular cooking teacher and food writer in the Chicago area.", "Barbara Grunes __knowledge__ Barbara Grunes is the most published cook book writer in history putting the Midwest on the culinary map and making flour-less chocolate cake a household phrase.", "Barbara Grunes __knowledge__ Barbara Grunes has written cookbooks on all major subjects, including an entire series on grill cooking featuring Fish on the Grill, Poultry on the Grill, and Beef Lover's Great Grill Book.", "US Foods __knowledge__ US Foods (formerly known as U.S. Foodservice) is one of the largest foodservice distributors.", "US Foods __knowledge__ With $23 billion in annual revenue, US Foods was the 10th largest private company in America until its recent IPO.", "US Foods __knowledge__ Many of the entities that make up US Foods were founded in the 19th century, including one that sold provisions to travelers heading west during the 1850s gold rush.", "US Foods __knowledge__ The company used the name U.S. Foodservice until 1993.", "US Foods __knowledge__ US Foods offers more than 350,000 national brand products and its own “exclusive brand” items, ranging from fresh meats and produce to prepackaged and frozen foods.", "US Foods __knowledge__ The company employs approximately 25,000 people in more than 60 locations nationwide, and provides food and related products to more than 250,000 customers, including independent and multi-unit restaurants, healthcare and hospitality entities, government and educational institutions.", "Rosaghara __knowledge__ Rosaghara is a traditional kitchen of Jagannath temple, Puri, Odisha, India.", "Rosaghara __knowledge__ It is world's largest kitchen.", "Rosaghara __knowledge__ The food is cooked by \"suara\"s (also known as \"mahasuara\" or \"supakara\"), a sect that is given the charge since the beginning of the temple.", "Rosaghara __knowledge__ The food cooked in \"rosaghara\" is vegetarian and use of onion, garlic, potatoes and bottle gourd are not allowed.", "Rosaghara __knowledge__ A particular kind of earthenware known as \"kudua\" are used for cooking.", "Rosaghara __knowledge__ Water drawn from two wells near the kitchen called \"Ganga\" and \"Jamuna\" are used for cooking.", "Rosaghara __knowledge__ Over 500 varieties of food \"raja bhoga\", \"chatra bhoga\" and \"jajamani bhoga\" are cooked that are offered to Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra in the temple pedestal \"ratnabedi\" and food offering pedestal \"Bhoga Mandapa\" five times a day.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "School meal __knowledge__ A school meal or school lunch (also known as hot lunch, a school dinner, or school breakfast) is a meal provided to students at school, typically in the middle or beginning of the school day.", "School meal __knowledge__ Countries all over the world have various kinds of school meal programs.", "School meal __knowledge__ Millions of children from all standards and grades get their meals at their respective schools every day.", "School meal __knowledge__ School meals provide high-energy food with high nutritional values either free, or at economical rates.", "School meal __knowledge__ The benefits of school meals vary from country to country.", "School meal __knowledge__ While in developed countries the school meal is a source of nutritious meals, in developing countries it is an incentive to send children to school and continue their education.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ School meal programs in the United States provide school meals free of charge, or at a government-subsidized price, to U.S. students from low-income families.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ These free or subsidized meals have the potential to increase household food security, which can improve children's health and expand their educational opportunities.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ The biggest school meal program in the United States is the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), which was signed into law by President Harry S. Truman in 1946.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ Its purpose is to prevent malnutrition and provide a foundation for good nutritional health.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ The text of the National School Lunch Act, which established the program, called it a \"measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the nation's children and to encourage domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities\".", "Summer Lunch Programs in Public Libraries __knowledge__ Many public libraries offer summer meal programs to keep kids fed throughout the day.", "Summer Lunch Programs in Public Libraries __knowledge__ In the summer, low-income children may require nutrition away from home.", "Summer Lunch Programs in Public Libraries __knowledge__ If parents are at work, and there are limited food sources at home, children have less options for healthy, balanced meals.", "Summer Lunch Programs in Public Libraries __knowledge__ Coupled with programming or interactive activities, library meal programs are providing children with healthy lunches and opportunities for learning.", "Summer Lunch Programs in Public Libraries __knowledge__ Food insecurity occurs when children or adults are deprived of food and nutrition.", "Summer Lunch Programs in Public Libraries __knowledge__ 22 million children in the United States qualify for free and reduced meals.", "Summer Lunch Programs in Public Libraries __knowledge__ During summer break, these 22 million children need to be able to access adequate sources of nutrition.", "Mathew Knowles __knowledge__ Mathew Knowles (born January 9, 1952) is a record label owner, talent manager, and businessman.", "Mathew Knowles __knowledge__ He is best known for being the manager of Destiny's Child.", "Mathew Knowles __knowledge__ He also managed his daughters Beyoncé and Solange Knowles.", "Mathew Knowles __knowledge__ He is the ex-husband of Tina Knowles, and father-in-law of Jay Z. Knowles began his business career in sales of office and medical equipment.", "Mathew Knowles __knowledge__ He moved to Houston in 1976 and worked for the Xerox Corporation for 10 years, primarily in the medical-systems sales division.", "Mathew Knowles __knowledge__ Knowles afterward worked selling a CT/MRI diagnostic imaging equipment to hospitals and health facilities.", "Mathew Knowles __knowledge__ He also worked in neurosurgical sales.", "National School Lunch Act __knowledge__ The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (79 P.L.", "National School Lunch Act __knowledge__ 396, 60 Stat.", "National School Lunch Act __knowledge__ 230) is a United States federal law that created the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to provide low-cost or free school lunch meals to qualified students through subsidies to schools.", "National School Lunch Act __knowledge__ The program was established as a way to prop up food prices by absorbing farm surpluses, while at the same time providing food to school age children.", "National School Lunch Act __knowledge__ It was named after Richard Russell, Jr., signed into law by President Harry S. Truman in 1946, and entered the federal government into schools dietary programs on June 4, 1946.", "National School Lunch Act __knowledge__ The majority of the support provided to schools participating in the program comes in the form of a cash reimbursement for each meal served.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ The Rochester Area School District is a small, urban public school district in Beaver County, Pennsylvania.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ It serves the boroughs of Rochester and East Rochester, and the township of Rochester Township.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ Rochester Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 8,075 people.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population had declined to 7,046.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 88.3% high school graduates and 14.3% college graduates.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve overall health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, adequate amino acids from protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, fibre and adequate calories.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The requirements for a healthy diet can be met from a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods, although a non-animal source of vitamin B12 is needed for those following a vegan diet.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet supports energy needs and provides for human nutrition without exposure to toxicity or excessive weight gain from consuming more calories than the body requires.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet, in addition to exercise, is thought to be important for lowering health risks, such as obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ Various nutrition guides are published by medical and governmental institutions to educate individuals on what they should be eating to promote health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ Nutrition facts labels are also mandatory in some countries to allow consumers to choose between foods based on the components relevant to health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The idea of dietary therapy (using dietary choices to maintain health and improve poor health) is quite old and thus has both modern scientific forms (medical nutrition therapy) and prescientific forms (such as dietary therapy in traditional Chinese medicine).", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Sweet and sour is a generic term that encompasses many styles of sauce, cuisine and cooking methods.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Commonly used in China, it has been used in England since the Middle Ages, and remains popular in Europe and in the Americas.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Some authors say that the original sweet and sour sauce () came from the Chinese province of Hunan, but the sauce in this area is a light vinegar and sugar mixture not resembling what most people, including the Chinese, would call sweet and sour.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Many places in China use a sweet and sour sauce as a dipping sauce for fish and meat, rather than in cooking as is commonly found in westernized Chinese cuisine.", "Lomo saltado __knowledge__ Lomo saltado is a popular, traditional Peruvian dish, a stir fry that typically combines marinated strips of sirloin (or other beef steak) with onions, tomatoes, french fries, and other ingredients; and is typically served with rice.", "Lomo saltado __knowledge__ The dish originated as part of the chifa tradition, the Chinese cuisine of Peru, though its popularity has made it part of the mainstream culture.", "Lomo saltado __knowledge__ The dish is normally prepared by marinating sirloin strips in vinegar, soy sauce and spices, and stir frying these with red onions, parsley, tomatoes, and possibly other ingredients.", "Lomo saltado __knowledge__ The use of both potatoes (which originated in Peru) and rice (which originated in Asia) as starches are typical of the cultural blending that the dish represents.", "Jajangmyeon __knowledge__ Jajangmyeon () or jjajangmyeon () is a Korean Chinese noodle dish topped with a thick sauce made of \"chunjang\", diced pork and vegetables.", "Jajangmyeon __knowledge__ A variant of the dish uses seafood.", "Jajangmyeon __knowledge__ \"Jajangmyeon\" dates back to 1905, when it first appeared in \"Gonghwachun\" () restaurant in Incheon Chinatown run by an immigrant from the Shandong Province of China.", "Jajangmyeon __knowledge__ The restaurant is now the Jjajangmyeon Museum.", "Jajangmyeon __knowledge__ Although the name \"jajangmyeon\" is cognate with the Chinese dish \"zhájiàngmiàn\" (), Korean \"jajangmyeon\" differs in many ways.", "Jajangmyeon __knowledge__ Yong Chen, an associate history professor at the University of California, Irvine, argued that although the dish \"began as the Northern Chinese noodle-and-ground pork dish \"zhájiàngmiàn\", it is thoroughly Korean.\"", "Egg foo young __knowledge__ Egg foo young (, also spelled egg fooyung, egg foo yong, egg foo yung, or egg fu yung) is an omelette dish found in Chinese Indonesian, British, and Chinese American cuisine.", "Egg foo young __knowledge__ The name comes from the Cantonese language.", "Egg foo young __knowledge__ \"Egg foo young\" is derived from \"fu yung egg slices\", a mainland Chinese recipe from Guangdong.", "Egg foo young __knowledge__ Literally meaning \"Hibiscus egg\", this dish is prepared with beaten eggs and most often minced ham.", "Egg foo young __knowledge__ It may be made with various vegetables such as bean sprouts, bamboo shoots, sliced cabbage, spring onions, mushrooms, and water chestnuts.", "Egg foo young __knowledge__ When meat is used as an ingredient, a choice of roast pork, shrimp, chicken, beef, or lobster may be offered.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ In the early 2000s, Dish Network received criticism regarding controversial technology and carriage disputes with programming providers.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ Most notably, when the Hopper digital video recorder provided an easy way for viewers to watch certain programming without commercials, major networks sued Dish Network.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network's Hopper digital video recorder, announced in January 2012, led to controversy over a feature, called \"AutoHop\", which allows viewers to watch some programming without commercials, subject to time restrictions.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ AutoHop is an extension of the DVR's prime time recording capability.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ When enabled, the feature records but hides commercials, giving viewers the option of viewing primetime programming on the four major networks commercial-free.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network (often stylized as DISH Network, or just simply DISH) is an American-based direct-broadcast satellite service provider.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company provides satellite television, audio programming, and interactive television services to commercial and residential customers in the United States.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ , the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company has approximately 16,000 employees.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its former parent company EchoStar, which was founded by Charlie Ergen as a satellite television equipment distributor in 1980.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ Kuai was a Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat, which was popular and commonly eaten in the early Chinese dynasties.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ According to the \"Book of Rites\" compiled between 202 BC and 220 AD, \"kuai\" consists of small thin slices or strips of raw meat, which are prepared by first thinly slicing the meat and then cutting the thin slices into strips.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ In modern times, the dishes are more often referred to as \"raw fish slices\" () or as \"yusheng\" ().", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ The type of fish commonly used in ancient times included carp (鯉) and mandarin fish (鳜), while in modern times salmon (鮭) is commonly used.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "History of Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ The history of Chinese cuisine is marked by both variety and change.", "History of Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ The archaeologist and scholar Kwang-chih Chang says “Chinese people are especially preoccupied with food” and “food is at the center of, or at least it accompanies or symbolizes, many social interactions.” Over the course of history, he says, \"continuity vastly outweighs change.\"", "History of Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ He explains basic organizing principles which go back to earliest times and give a continuity to the food tradition, principally that a normal meal is made up of grains and other starches （) and vegetable or meat dishes ().", "History of Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ The Sinologist Endymion Wilkinson has highlighted a succession of incremental and successive changes that fundamentally altered the \"richness of ever-changing Chinese cuisine\": The philosopher and writer Lin Yutang was more relaxed: Chinese cuisine as we now know it evolved gradually over the centuries as new food sources and techniques were introduced, discovered, or invented.", "Food __knowledge__ Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.", "Food __knowledge__ It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.", "Food __knowledge__ The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.", "Food __knowledge__ Historically, humans secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering and agriculture.", "Food __knowledge__ Today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry.", "Food __knowledge__ Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Danish cuisine (), originating from the peasant population's own local produce, was enhanced by cooking techniques developed in the late 19th century and the wider availability of goods after the Industrial Revolution.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ The open sandwiches, known as \"smørrebrød\", which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Hot meals are traditionally prepared from ground meats, such as \"frikadeller\" (meat balls) and \"medisterpølse\", or from more substantial meat and fish dishes such as \"flæskesteg\" (roast pork with crackling) or \"kogt torsk\" (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "The Modern Cook __knowledge__ The Modern Cook was the first cookery book by the Anglo-Italian cook Charles Elmé Francatelli (1805–1876).", "The Modern Cook __knowledge__ It was first published in 1846.", "The Modern Cook __knowledge__ It was popular for half a century in the Victorian era, running through 29 London editions by 1896.", "The Modern Cook __knowledge__ It was also published in America.", "The Modern Cook __knowledge__ The book offered elaborate dishes, described with French terminology such as bisque, entrées, entremets, vol-au-vent, timbale and soufflé.", "The Modern Cook __knowledge__ It included bills of fare for meals for up to 300 people, and for a series of eight- or nine-course dinners served to Queen Victoria; one exceptional royal dinner in 1841 had sixteen entrées and sixteen entremets, including truffles in Champagne." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve overall health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, adequate amino acids from protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, fibre and adequate calories.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The requirements for a healthy diet can be met from a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods, although a non-animal source of vitamin B12 is needed for those following a vegan diet.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet supports energy needs and provides for human nutrition without exposure to toxicity or excessive weight gain from consuming more calories than the body requires.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet, in addition to exercise, is thought to be important for lowering health risks, such as obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ Various nutrition guides are published by medical and governmental institutions to educate individuals on what they should be eating to promote health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ Nutrition facts labels are also mandatory in some countries to allow consumers to choose between foods based on the components relevant to health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The idea of dietary therapy (using dietary choices to maintain health and improve poor health) is quite old and thus has both modern scientific forms (medical nutrition therapy) and prescientific forms (such as dietary therapy in traditional Chinese medicine).", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty!, also known as Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee – New 'n' Tasty!", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ and stylized as New 'n' Tasty!", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ – Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee, is a 2014 cinematic platform video game developed by Just Add Water and published by Oddworld Inhabitants as a \"ground-up remake\" of \"\".", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ The game was released in North America on 22 July 2014 and in Europe on 23 July 2014 for the PlayStation 4.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ The title was also released for Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X, Xbox One, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita and Wii U.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ It has been lately ported on iOS and Android and released worldwide on 14 December 2017.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ In 2016, series creator Lorne Lanning announced at the Game Developers Conference that a follow up to \"Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty\", titled \"Oddworld: Soulstorm\", is in development.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Roulette __knowledge__ Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning \"little wheel\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).", "Roulette __knowledge__ Interestingly, the sum of all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 0 to 36) is 666, which is the \"Number of the Beast\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ One legend says that François Blanc made a deal with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette.", "Roulette __knowledge__ To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the circumference of the wheel.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ A cypherpunk (/ˈsʌɪfəpʌŋk/ /ˈsʌɪfərpʌŋk/) is any activist advocating widespread use of strong cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies as a route to social and political change.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ Originally communicating through the Cypherpunks electronic mailing list, informal groups aimed to achieve privacy and security through proactive use of cryptography.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ Cypherpunks have been engaged in an active movement since the late 1980s.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ Until about the 1970s, cryptography was mainly practiced in secret by military or spy agencies.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ However, that changed when two publications brought it out of the closet into public awareness: the US government publication of the Data Encryption Standard (DES), a block cipher which became very widely used; and the first publicly available work on public-key cryptography, by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.", "Electronic mailing list __knowledge__ An electronic mailing list or email list is a special use of email that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users.", "Electronic mailing list __knowledge__ It is similar to a traditional mailing list – a list of names and addresses – as might be kept by an organization for sending publications to its members or customers, but typically refers to four things: Electronic mailing lists usually are fully or partially automated through the use of special mailing list software and a reflector address set up on a server capable of receiving email.", "Electronic mailing list __knowledge__ Incoming messages sent to the reflector address are processed by the software, and, depending on their content, are acted upon internally (in the case of messages containing commands directed at the software itself) or are distributed to all email addresses subscribed to the mailing list.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumpling is a broad classification for a dish that consists of small pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources) wrapped around a filling.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ The dough can be based on bread, flour, or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, fish, cheese, vegetables, fruits, or sweets.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of methods, including baking, boiling, frying, simmering, or steaming.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku and kenkey fit the definition of a dumpling in that they are starchy balls of dough that are steamed.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ They are formed from fermented cornmeal.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku is boiled and requires continues kneading, while kenkey is partly boiled then finished by steaming in corn or banana leaves.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking bananas are banana cultivars in the genus \"Musa\" whose fruits are generally used in cooking.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ They may be eaten while ripe or unripe and are generally starchy.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Some cooking bananas are also referred to as green bananas or plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ ( , ) The term \"plantain\" is loosely applied to any banana cultivar that is eaten when cooked.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ However, there is no formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking is also a matter of custom, rather than necessity.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Ripe plantains can be eaten raw, since the starches are converted to sugars as they ripen.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ In some countries, there may be a clear distinction between plantains and bananas, but in other countries, where many more cultivars are consumed, the distinction is not made in the common names used.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ] ]

[ 15, 0, 9, 43 ]

[ "Me too! In countries all over the world kids will actually assist in making their own healthy lunches?", "I love to cook foreign foods. It teaches me a little about other cultures.", "I make fried or steamed dumplings and sweet and sour chicken.", "It is! Dumpling dough can be made so many different ways. With flour, bread, or potatoes, and can have so many different fillings." ]

[ "Healthy diet", "Healthy diet", "Healthy diet", "Healthy diet" ]

[ "Navy", "WHEN YOU SAY NAVY YOU MEAN IKE NAVY SEALS", "dO THEY USE AMPHIBIOUS WEAPONS LIKE TANKS OR HOVER CRAFT, LAND SEA AND AIR" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Navy __knowledge__ A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based.", "Navy __knowledge__ It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.", "Navy __knowledge__ It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations).", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles.", "Navy __knowledge__ Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Navy __knowledge__ A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based.", "Navy __knowledge__ It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.", "Navy __knowledge__ It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations).", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles.", "Navy __knowledge__ Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ The United States Navy's \"Sea, Air, and Land\" Teams, commonly abbreviated as the Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the Naval Special Warfare Command.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ Among the SEALs' main functions are conducting small-unit maritime military operations that originate from, and return to, a river, ocean, swamp, delta, or coastline.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ The SEALs are trained to operate in all environments (sea, air, and land) for which they are named.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ As of August 2017, all active SEALs are currently male and members of the U.S. Navy.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ The CIA's highly secretive and elite Special Operations Group (SOG) recruits operators from SEAL Teams, with joint operations going back to the MACV-SOG during the Vietnam War.", "Death of Osama bin Laden __knowledge__ Osama bin Laden, the founder and first leader of the Islamist group Al-Qaeda, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011 shortly after 1:00 am PKT (20:00 UTC, May 1) by United States Navy SEALs of the U.S.", "Death of Osama bin Laden __knowledge__ Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six).", "Death of Osama bin Laden __knowledge__ The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was carried out in a CIA-led operation with Joint Special Operations Command, commonly known as JSOC, coordinating the Special Mission Units involved in the raid.", "Death of Osama bin Laden __knowledge__ In addition to SEAL Team Six, participating units under JSOC included the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)\"—\"also known as \"Night Stalkers\"\"—\"and operators from the CIA's Special Activities Division, which recruits heavily from former JSOC Special Mission Units.", "Operation Red Wings __knowledge__ Operation Red Wings, informally referred to as the Battle of Abbas Ghar (often incorrectly called \"Operation Redwing\" or \"Operation Red Wing\"), was a combined / joint military operation during the War in Afghanistan in the Pech District of Afghanistan's Kunar Province, on the slopes of a mountain named Sawtalo Sar, approximately west of Kunar's provincial capital of Asadabad, in late June through mid-July 2005.", "Operation Red Wings __knowledge__ Operation Red Wings was intended to disrupt local anti-coalition militia (ACM) activity, thus contributing to regional stability and thereby facilitating the Afghan Parliament elections scheduled for September 2005.", "SOCOM 4 U.S. Navy SEALs __knowledge__ SOCOM 4 U.S. Navy SEALs (also known as \"SOCOM Special Forces\" in PAL regions), is a 2011 third-person tactical shooter video game developed by now defunct Zipper Interactive and published by Sony Computer Entertainment exclusively for the PlayStation 3 and is a sequel to Zipper's \"\" and \"\".", "SOCOM 4 U.S. Navy SEALs __knowledge__ Online multiplayer servers were shutdown on January 28, 2014 by Sony, along with the servers for \"\".", "SOCOM 4 U.S. Navy SEALs __knowledge__ Set at an undisclosed date somewhere in Malaysia, NATO Operations Commander Cullen Gray arrives at a NATO operations command center at the request of Area Commander James Gorman.", "SOCOM 4 U.S. Navy SEALs __knowledge__ A rebel movement calling themselves \"Naga\" have rallied and taken up arms against the country's government, and have hijacked ships belonging to Clawhammer Security, a Private Military Company that was featured in the previous SOCOM title, Fireteam Bravo 2.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 2) __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for season 2 of \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "Deadliest Warrior (season 2) __knowledge__ Season 2 was announced by the Team and by Spike, along with a video game.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 2) __knowledge__ A teaser image posted on Twitter shows a Ballistic Gel torso behind a podium.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 2) __knowledge__ A teaser video was posted for \"Deadliest Warrior\" for the people who signed up for Warrior Den with some of the weapons for season 2.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 2) __knowledge__ The weapons trailer only showed modern weapons.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 2) __knowledge__ Season 2 premiered April 20, 2010, at 10 pm ET.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 2) __knowledge__ The battle begins with the SWAT team’s armored van parking near a series of abandoned buildings and parked cars.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 2) __knowledge__ The squad's captain looks into his binoculars and sees 4 GSG 9 members approaching from the other side of the area.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Lone Survivor __knowledge__ Lone Survivor is a 2013 American biographical war thriller film based on the 2007 non-fiction book of the same name by Marcus Luttrell with Patrick Robinson.", "Lone Survivor __knowledge__ Set during the war in Afghanistan, the film dramatizes the unsuccessful United States Navy SEALs counter-insurgent mission Operation Red Wings, during which a four-man SEAL reconnaissance and surveillance team was tasked to track down Taliban leader Ahmad Shah.", "Lone Survivor __knowledge__ Written and directed by Peter Berg, \"Lone Survivor\" stars Mark Wahlberg, Taylor Kitsch, Emile Hirsch, Ben Foster, and Eric Bana.", "Lone Survivor __knowledge__ Upon first learning of the book in 2007, Berg arranged several meetings with Luttrell to discuss adapting the book to film.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ The Portuguese Navy (, also known as \"Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa\" or as \"Armada Portuguesa\") is the naval branch of the Portuguese Armed Forces which, in cooperation and integrated with the other branches of the Portuguese military, is charged with the military defense of Portugal.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ On the 12 December 2017, the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ Tracing back to the 12th century, it is so one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ The Navy played a key role at the beginning and during the great voyages of the Age of Discoveries in the 15th and 16th centuries.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the Kingdom of France.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ From the middle decades of the 17th century, and through the 18th century, the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ From the mid 18th century, it was the world's most powerful navy until surpassed by the United States Navy during the Second World War.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ The Portuguese Air Force () is the aerial warfare force of Portugal.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ Locally, it is referred to by the acronym FAP, but internationally is often referred to by the acronym PoAF.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ It is the youngest of the three branches of the Portuguese Armed Forces.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ The Portuguese Air Force was formed on July 1, 1952, when the former \"Aeronáutica Militar\" (Army Aviation) and \"Aviação Naval\" (Naval Aviation) were united and formed an independent air branch of the Armed Forces.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ However, the remote origins of the FAP go back to the early 20th century, with the establishment of the first military air unit in 1911, of the Military Aeronautics School in 1914, of the participation of Portuguese pilots in the World War I and of establishment of the Army and Navy aviation services.", "Imperial Japanese Navy __knowledge__ The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: \"\" or \"Nippon Kaigun\", \"Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire\") was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 until 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's defeat and surrender in World War II.", "Imperial Japanese Navy __knowledge__ The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) was formed after the dissolution of the IJN.", "Imperial Japanese Navy __knowledge__ The Japanese Navy was the third largest navy in the world by 1920, behind the Royal Navy and the United States Navy (USN).", "Imperial Japanese Navy __knowledge__ It was supported by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service for aircraft and airstrike operation from the fleet.", "Imperial Japanese Navy __knowledge__ It was the primary opponent of the Western Allies in the Pacific War.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ The U.S. Navy is the largest and most capable navy in the world, with the highest combined battle fleet tonnage.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ The U.S. Navy has the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with eleven in service, and two new carriers under construction.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ With 322,421 personnel on active duty and 107,577 in the Navy Reserve, the Navy is the third largest of the service branches.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ It has 280 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft .", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ The Pakistan Navy (; ) (reporting name: PN) is the naval warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces, responsible for Pakistan's of coastline along the Arabian Sea, and the defence of important civilian harbours and military bases.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ The Pakistan Navy came into the existence after the independence of Pakistan in 1947.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ The President of Pakistan serves as the Supreme Commander of the Navy under Article 243 (2) of the Constitution of Pakistan, and the Chief of Naval Staff heads the Navy.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ Navy Day is celebrated on 8 September in commemoration of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ The Pakistan Navy's current and primary role is to protect the country's economic and military interests at home and abroad, executing the foreign and defence policies of the Government of Pakistan through the exercise of military effect, diplomatic activities and other activities in support of these objectives." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Navy __knowledge__ A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based.", "Navy __knowledge__ It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.", "Navy __knowledge__ It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations).", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles.", "Navy __knowledge__ Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 April 2015 to 30 June 2015.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ Four Ukrainian soldiers were wounded in action over the past 24 hours in the Donbass region.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The Ukrainian military reported 13 separatist attacks on Ukrainian troops last night.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The militias used automatic weapons and heavy mortars to harass Ukrainian positions in Leninske, Maiorsk and Troitske, in the area south of Artemivsk, and in Avdiivka, west of Donetsk city.", "Amphibious warfare __knowledge__ Amphibious warfare is a type of offensive military operation that today uses naval ships to project ground and air power onto a hostile or potentially hostile shore at a designated landing beach.", "Amphibious warfare __knowledge__ Through history the operations were conducted using ship's boats as the primary method of delivering troops to shore.", "Amphibious warfare __knowledge__ Since the Gallipoli Campaign specialised watercraft were increasingly designed for landing troops, materiel and vehicles, including by landing craft and for insertion of commandos, by fast patrol boats, zodiacs (rigid inflatable boats) and from mini-submersibles.", "Amphibious warfare __knowledge__ The term \"amphibious\" first emerged in the UK and the USA during the 1930s with introduction of vehicles such as Vickers-Carden-Loyd Light Amphibious Tank or the Landing Vehicle Tracked.", "DD tank __knowledge__ DD or Duplex Drive tanks, nicknamed \"Donald Duck tanks\", were a type of amphibious swimming tank developed by the British during the Second World War.", "DD tank __knowledge__ The phrase is mostly used for the Duplex Drive variant of the M4 Sherman medium tank, that was used by the Western Allies during and after the Normandy Landings in June 1944.", "DD tank __knowledge__ DD tanks worked by erecting a 'flotation screen' around the tank, which enabled it to float, and had a propeller powered by the tank's engine to drive them in the water.", "DD tank __knowledge__ The DD tanks were one of the many specialized assault vehicles, collectively known as Hobart's Funnies, devised to support the planned invasion of Europe.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Fictional military aircraft are imagined military aircraft which are used in fiction, in its various media, but do not exist in the real world.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ These aircraft may be conjectured variants of real-world aircraft or they may be completely fabricated by the author.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Some may be physically impossible.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ The Allied Nations' Black Eagles are high-speed VTOL jets used mostly by The Republic of Korea in .", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Black Eagles feature forward-swept wings but otherwise resemble a Harrier Jump Jet.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ They are loaded with powerful missiles used for engaging surface targets.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Black Eagles are usually painted black in reference to their name.", "Landing craft __knowledge__ Landing craft are small and medium seagoing vessels such as boats, and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault.", "Landing craft __knowledge__ The term excludes landing ship which are larger.", "Landing craft __knowledge__ World War II was the high point of the landing craft, with a significant number of different designs produced in large quantities by the United Kingdom and United States.", "Landing craft __knowledge__ Because of the need to run up onto a suitable beach, World War II landing craft were flat-bottomed, and many designs had a flat front, often with a lowerable ramp, rather than a normal bow.", "Landing craft __knowledge__ This made them difficult to control and very uncomfortable in rough seas.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ Landing Craft Assault (LCA) was a landing craft used extensively in World War II.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ Its primary purpose was to ferry troops from transport ships to attack enemy-held shores.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ The craft derived from a prototype designed by John I. Thornycroft Ltd. of Woolston, Hampshire, UK.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ During the war it was manufactured throughout the United Kingdom in places as various as small boatyards and furniture manufacturers.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ Typically constructed of hardwood planking and selectively clad with armour plate, this shallow-draft, barge-like boat with a crew of four could ferry an infantry platoon of 31, with space to spare for five additional specialist troops, to shore at 7 knots (13 km/h).", "Operation Sea Lion __knowledge__ Operation Sea Lion, also written as Operation Sealion (), was Nazi Germany's code name for the plan for an invasion of the United Kingdom during the Battle of Britain in the Second World War.", "Operation Sea Lion __knowledge__ Following the Fall of France, Adolf Hitler, the German Führer and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, hoped the British government would seek a peace agreement and he reluctantly considered invasion only as a last resort if all other options failed.", "Operation Sea Lion __knowledge__ As a precondition, he specified the achievement of both air and naval superiority over the English Channel and the proposed landing sites, but the German forces did not achieve either at any point during the war, and both the German High Command and Hitler himself had serious doubts about the prospects for success.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ The U.S. Navy is the largest and most capable navy in the world, with the highest combined battle fleet tonnage.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ The U.S. Navy has the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with eleven in service, and two new carriers under construction.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ With 322,421 personnel on active duty and 107,577 in the Navy Reserve, the Navy is the third largest of the service branches.", "United States Navy __knowledge__ It has 280 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft .", "Khmer National Navy __knowledge__ The Khmer National Navy ( – MNK), was the naval component of the Khmer National Armed Forces (FANK), the official military of the Khmer Republic during the Cambodian Civil War between 1970 and 1975.", "Khmer National Navy __knowledge__ The Royal Khmer Navy ( – MRK) was officially established on 1 March 1954, to provide limited patrolling of Cambodia's maritime coastline and territorial waters, monitoring the security of its main deep-water ports and major waterways.", "Khmer National Navy __knowledge__ The MRK was formed with an initial strength of just 600 Officers and enlisted men placed under the authority of Captain () Pierre Coedes, a naval officer of mixed French-Cambodian origin, who acted as Chief of Naval Operations ().", "Littoral combat ship __knowledge__ The littoral combat ship (LCS) is a class of relatively small surface vessels intended for operations in the littoral zone (close to shore) by the United States Navy.", "Littoral combat ship __knowledge__ It was \"envisioned to be a networked, agile, stealthy surface combatant capable of defeating anti-access and asymmetric threats in the littorals.\"", "Littoral combat ship __knowledge__ The and the are the first two LCS variants.", "Littoral combat ship __knowledge__ Both are slightly smaller than the U.S. Navy's guided missile frigates and have been likened to corvettes.", "Littoral combat ship __knowledge__ They have the capabilities of a small assault transport, including a flight deck and hangar for housing two SH-60 or MH-60 Seahawk helicopters, a stern ramp for operating small boats, and the cargo volume and payload to deliver a small assault force with fighting vehicles to a roll-on/roll-off port facility.", "Republic of Korea Navy __knowledge__ The Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN; ; Hanja: 大韓民國海軍; Revised Romanization: \"Daehanminguk Haegun\"), also known as the ROK Navy, is the naval warfare service branch of the South Korean armed forces, responsible for conducting naval operations and amphibious landing operations.", "Republic of Korea Navy __knowledge__ The ROK Navy includes the Republic of Korea Marine Corps, which is a quasi-autonomous organization.", "Republic of Korea Navy __knowledge__ Established in 1945, the ROK Navy is the oldest branch of the South Korean armed forces.", "Republic of Korea Navy __knowledge__ Since the end of the Korean War, the South Korean navy has concentrated its efforts to building naval forces to counteract the North Korean navy, which has littoral naval capabilities.", "Colombian Navy __knowledge__ The Colombian Navy, officially the Colombian National Navy (), also known as the \"\"Armada Nacional\"\" or just the \"\"Armada\"\" in Spanish, is the naval branch of the military forces of Colombia.", "Colombian Navy __knowledge__ The Navy is responsible for security and defence in the Colombian zones of both the Atlantic (Caribbean) and Pacific oceans, the extensive network of rivers inside the country, and a few small land areas under its direct jurisdiction.", "Colombian Navy __knowledge__ The Colombian Navy has a strength of 35,086 personnel including approximately 22,000 in the Marine Infantry corps.", "Colombian Navy __knowledge__ The acronym \"ARC\", () is used both as the official ship prefix for all the Colombian Navy ships, as well as a common short name for the Navy itself.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ The United States Navy's \"Sea, Air, and Land\" Teams, commonly abbreviated as the Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the Naval Special Warfare Command.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ Among the SEALs' main functions are conducting small-unit maritime military operations that originate from, and return to, a river, ocean, swamp, delta, or coastline.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ The SEALs are trained to operate in all environments (sea, air, and land) for which they are named.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ As of August 2017, all active SEALs are currently male and members of the U.S. Navy.", "United States Navy SEALs __knowledge__ The CIA's highly secretive and elite Special Operations Group (SOG) recruits operators from SEAL Teams, with joint operations going back to the MACV-SOG during the Vietnam War." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 6 ]

[ "navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based", "Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications ", "Well they sometimes do,but their strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles." ]

[ "Navy", "Navy", "Navy" ]

[ "Xbox\ni loved getting my first xbox.", "yea they got huge off it but already hue anyway.", "i owned 4, the special black xbox 360", "Man the old UI was so bad too, was fun using the system tho.", "yea but prefer the computer now" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 game console, developed by Microsoft, features a number of first-party and third-party accessories.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ Up to four controllers are able to connect to Xbox 360, including wired and wireless gamepads.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wireless controllers run on either AA batteries (Alkaline or rechargeable) or on a rechargeable battery pack.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wired controllers may be connected to any of the USB ports on the console (the number of ports depends on model: old-style 360s have two at the front and one on the rear, while Xbox 360 S units have two at the front and three at the rear), or to a USB hub.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ USB keyboards are also supported, but only for inputting text and navigating the dashboard; additionally, the number pad and hotkeys are non-functional.", "Forza (series) __knowledge__ Forza (; Italian for 'force') is a series of racing video games for Xbox consoles and Microsoft Windows published by Microsoft Studios.", "Forza (series) __knowledge__ The franchise is currently divided into two series, the original Forza Motorsport series developed by Turn 10 Studios and the open world-focused Forza Horizon series mainly developed by Playground Games.", "Forza (series) __knowledge__ \"Forza\" seeks to emulate the performance and handling characteristics of a large number of real-life production, modified and racing cars.", "Forza (series) __knowledge__ \"Forza\" is often seen as Microsoft's answer to \"Gran Turismo\" for the PlayStation systems.", "Forza (series) __knowledge__ As of February 2010, the \"Forza\" games have sold over 10 million copies since the release of \"Forza Motorsport\" in May 2005.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 video game console has appeared in various retail configurations during its life-cycle.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ At its launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two retail configurations: the \"Xbox 360\" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399.99 or £279.99, and the \"Xbox 360 Core,\" priced at US$299.99 and £209.99.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ The original shipment of Xbox 360s included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a promotion.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ The Elite package was launched later at a retail price of US$479.99.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ The \"Xbox 360 Core\" was replaced by the \"Xbox 360 Arcade\" in October 2007 and a 60 GB version of the Xbox 360 Pro was released on August 1, 2008.", "Xbox 360 technical specifications __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 technical specifications describe the various components of the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Xbox 360 technical specifications __knowledge__ The console features a port on the top when vertical (left side when horizontal) to which a custom-housed hard disk drive unit can be attached in sizes of either 20, 60, 120, 250, 320, 500 GB; and as of April 2015 all 2.5\" SATA Hard Drives up to 2TB, the user can use the format option from system settings to utilize the new HDD.", "Xbox 360 technical specifications __knowledge__ Inside, the Xbox 360 uses the triple-core IBM designed Xenon as its CPU, with each core capable of simultaneously processing two threads, and can therefore operate on up to six threads at once.", "Gears of War (video game) __knowledge__ Gears of War is a 2006 military science fiction third-person shooter video game, and the first installment of the \"Gears of War\" series.", "Gears of War (video game) __knowledge__ It was developed by Epic Games and published by Microsoft Game Studios, initially as an exclusive title for the Xbox 360 in November 2006, before a PC version of the game, developed in conjunction with People Can Fly, was released a year later in 2007.", "Gears of War (video game) __knowledge__ The game's main story, which can be done in single or co-operative play, focuses on a squad of troops who assist in completing a desperate, last-ditch attempt to end a war against a genocidal subterranean enemy, and save the remaining human inhabitants of their planet Sera.", "Twisted Pixel Games __knowledge__ Twisted Pixel Games is a video game developer based in Austin, Texas, USA.", "Twisted Pixel Games __knowledge__ Originally a contractor, Twisted Pixel releases games based on its own intellectual properties such as \"The Maw\" and \"'Splosion Man\".", "Twisted Pixel Games __knowledge__ The company uses its own proprietary engine, known as Beard, to power its games.", "Twisted Pixel Games __knowledge__ On October 12, 2011, it was announced that Twisted Pixel had become part of Microsoft Studios.", "Twisted Pixel Games __knowledge__ However, Twisted Pixel was separated from Microsoft, and became an independent company again on September 30, 2015.", "Twisted Pixel Games __knowledge__ Twisted Pixel Games was founded in 2006 by industry veterans Michael Wilford, Frank Wilson and Josh Bear." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "HSL and HSV __knowledge__ HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) and HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) are two alternative representations of the RGB color model, designed in the 1970s by computer graphics researchers to more closely align with the way human vision perceives color-making attributes.", "HSL and HSV __knowledge__ In these models, colors of each hue are arranged in a radial slice, around a central axis of neutral colors which ranges from black at the bottom to white at the top.", "HSL and HSV __knowledge__ The HSV representation models the way paints of different colors mix together, with the saturation dimension resembling various shades of brightly colored paint, and the value dimension resembling the mixture of those paints with varying amounts of black or white paint.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "André Hue __knowledge__ André Hunter Alfred Hue (7 December 1923 – 11 January 2005) was an Anglo-French businessman, soldier and spy best remembered for his work as an operative with the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in France and Burma during World War II.", "André Hue __knowledge__ Hue was born in Swansea, Wales to a French father and Welsh mother.", "André Hue __knowledge__ Hue's father, also named André, was a World War I veteran who had been badly wounded, having taken a bullet in his head, which remained there until his early death in 1938.", "André Hue __knowledge__ The elder Hue served as an officer in the French merchant marine who worked on a ship taking coal from Swansea to La Havre while his wife Caroline Hunter did not speak French, but insisted their children be brought up knowing French.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ Belshazzar's Feast is a cantata by the English composer William Walton.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ It was first performed at the Leeds Festival on 8 October 1931, with the baritone Dennis Noble, the London Symphony Orchestra and the Leeds Festival Chorus, conducted by Malcolm Sargent.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ The work has remained one of Walton's most celebrated compositions.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ Osbert Sitwell selected the text from the Bible, primarily the Book of Daniel, and Psalm 137.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ The work is dedicated to Walton's friend and benefactor Lord Berners.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ In the story of Belshazzar's Feast, the Jews are in exile in Babylon.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ After a feast at which Belshazzar, the Babylonian king, commits sacrilege by using the Jews' sacred vessels to praise the heathen gods, he is miraculously killed, the kingdom falls, and the Jews regain their freedom.", "Counter Logic Gaming __knowledge__ Counter Logic Gaming (CLG) is an American eSports organization headquartered in Los Angeles, California.", "Counter Logic Gaming __knowledge__ It was founded in April 2010 by George \"HotshotGG\" Georgallidis and Alexander \"Vodoo\" Beutel as a \"League of Legends\" team, and has since branched out into other games.", "Counter Logic Gaming __knowledge__ CLG fields the oldest \"League of Legends\" team still active, having competed in every split of the North American \"League of Legends\" Championship Series (NA LCS) since it began in Spring 2013.", "Counter Logic Gaming __knowledge__ CLG has won two NA LCS splits, the 2015 Summer NA LCS and 2016 Spring NA LCS.", "Counter Logic Gaming __knowledge__ The team has also attended the 2012, 2015 and 2016 \"League of Legends\" World Championships, and was eliminated in the group stage on each occasion.", "A4Tech __knowledge__ A4Tech Co., Ltd. is a Taiwanese computer hardware and electronics company headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan.", "A4Tech __knowledge__ A4Tech Co., Ltd. was founded in 1987.", "A4Tech __knowledge__ Its products include computer peripherals such as keyboards, mice, PC cameras, hubs, headsets, speakers and gaming devices.", "A4Tech __knowledge__ Founded in 1987, A4Tech Corp specializes in the design and manufacturing of PC peripherals and accessories.", "A4Tech __knowledge__ Known for a robust, innovative technology development team, A4Tech has introduced award-winning technology throughout its product portfolio.", "A4Tech __knowledge__ As a recognized leader in computer peripherals, A4Tech has successfully established distribution channels and promoted its brands around with world, with major footholds in Eastern Europe and Asia.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Dreamcast __knowledge__ The Dreamcast is a home video game console released by Sega on November 27, 1998 in Japan, September 9, 1999 in North America, and October 14, 1999 in Europe.", "Dreamcast __knowledge__ It was the first in the sixth generation of video game consoles, preceding Sony's PlayStation 2, Nintendo's GameCube and Microsoft's Xbox.", "Dreamcast __knowledge__ The Dreamcast was Sega's final home console, marking the end of the company's 18 years in the console market.", "Dreamcast __knowledge__ In contrast to the expensive hardware of the unsuccessful Sega Saturn, the Dreamcast was designed to reduce costs with \"off-the-shelf\" components, including a Hitachi SH-4 CPU and an NEC PowerVR2 GPU.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 game console, developed by Microsoft, features a number of first-party and third-party accessories.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ Up to four controllers are able to connect to Xbox 360, including wired and wireless gamepads.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wireless controllers run on either AA batteries (Alkaline or rechargeable) or on a rechargeable battery pack.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wired controllers may be connected to any of the USB ports on the console (the number of ports depends on model: old-style 360s have two at the front and one on the rear, while Xbox 360 S units have two at the front and three at the rear), or to a USB hub.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ USB keyboards are also supported, but only for inputting text and navigating the dashboard; additionally, the number pad and hotkeys are non-functional.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 video game console has appeared in various retail configurations during its life-cycle.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ At its launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two retail configurations: the \"Xbox 360\" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399.99 or £279.99, and the \"Xbox 360 Core,\" priced at US$299.99 and £209.99.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ The original shipment of Xbox 360s included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a promotion.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ The Elite package was launched later at a retail price of US$479.99.", "List of Xbox 360 retail configurations __knowledge__ The \"Xbox 360 Core\" was replaced by the \"Xbox 360 Arcade\" in October 2007 and a 60 GB version of the Xbox 360 Pro was released on August 1, 2008.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox 360 launch __knowledge__ The promotional campaign for the Xbox 360 began on March 30, 2005 , with the opening of an alternate reality game called OurColony.", "Xbox 360 launch __knowledge__ Throughout March and April OurColony.net offered challenges to its community, rewarding solutions with cropped pictures of the console and game screenshots.", "Xbox 360 launch __knowledge__ On May 12, 2005, the ARG section of OurColony closed, visitors were instead greeted with a promotional video hosted by J. Allard.", "Xbox 360 launch __knowledge__ OurColony participants were allowed special access to insider info and previews before release to the general public.", "Xbox 360 launch __knowledge__ OrigenXbox360.com was the next viral marketing campaign from Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 technical problems __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 video game console is subject to a number of technical problems and failures that can render it unusable.", "Xbox 360 technical problems __knowledge__ However, many of the issues can be identified by a series of glowing red lights flashing on the face of the console; the three flashing red lights (nicknamed the \"Red Ring of Death\" or the \"RRoD\") being the most famous.", "Xbox 360 technical problems __knowledge__ There are also other issues that arise with the console, such as discs becoming scratched in the drive and \"bricking\" of consoles due to dashboard updates.", "Xbox 360 technical problems __knowledge__ Since its release on November 22, 2005, many articles have appeared in the media portraying the Xbox 360's failure rates, with the latest estimate by warranty provider SquareTrade to be 23.7% in 2009, and currently the highest estimate being 54.2% by a Game Informer survey.", "Video game console __knowledge__ A video game console is an electronic, digital or computer device that outputs a video signal or visual image to display a video game that one or more people can play.", "Video game console __knowledge__ The term \"video game console\" is primarily used to distinguish a console machine primarily designed for consumers to use for playing video games, in contrast to arcade machines or home computers.", "Video game console __knowledge__ An arcade machine consists of a video game computer, display, game controller (joystick, buttons, etc.)", "Video game console __knowledge__ and speakers housed in large chassis.", "Video game console __knowledge__ A home computer is a personal computer designed for home use for a variety of purposes, such as bookkeeping, accessing the Internet and playing video games.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ In the history of video games, the seventh generation includes consoles released since late by Nintendo, Microsoft, and Sony Computer Entertainment.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ The eighth generation began in November 2012.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ For home consoles, the seventh generation began on November 22, 2005 with the release of Microsoft's Xbox 360 and continued with the release of Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation 3 on November 17, 2006, and Nintendo's Wii on November 19, 2006.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ Each new console introduced a new type of breakthrough in technology.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 offered games rendered natively at high-definition video (HD) resolutions, the PlayStation 3 offered HD movie playback via a built-in 3D Blu-ray Disc player, and the Wii focused on integrating controllers with movement sensors as well as joysticks.", "Wii __knowledge__ The Wii ( ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006.", "Wii __knowledge__ As a seventh-generation console, the Wii competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3.", "Wii __knowledge__ Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others.", "Wii __knowledge__ , the Wii leads its generation over PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales, with more than 101 million units sold; in December 2009, the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States.", "Wii __knowledge__ The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller, which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ A home video game console, or simply home console, is a video game device that is primarily used for home gamers, as opposed to in arcades or some other commercial establishment.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ Home consoles are one type of video game consoles, in contrast to the handheld game consoles which are smaller and portable, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place, along with microconsoles and dedicated consoles.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ Below is a timeline of each generation with the top three home video consoles of each generation based on worldwide sales.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ For a complete list of home video consoles released in each generation please see the respective article of each generation.", "Console game __knowledge__ A console game is a form of interactive multimedia used for entertainment.", "Console game __knowledge__ The game consists of manipulable images (and usually sounds) generated by a video game console and displayed on a television or similar audio-video system.", "Console game __knowledge__ The game itself is usually controlled and manipulated using a handheld device connected to the console, called a controller.", "Console game __knowledge__ The controller generally contains a number of buttons and directional controls, (such as analogue joysticks), each of which has been assigned a purpose for interacting with and controlling the images on the screen.", "Console game __knowledge__ The display, speakers, console, and controls of a console can also be incorporated into one small object known as a handheld game.", "2010s in video gaming __knowledge__ The 2010s is the current decade of video gaming and the fifth decade in the industry's history.", "2010s in video gaming __knowledge__ Thus far, the decade has become notable for producing the first truly \"3D\" games and consoles, introducing cloud gaming to consumers, and the rising influence of tablet-based and mobile casual games.", "2010s in video gaming __knowledge__ The industry remains heavily dominated by the actions of Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft, but it remains unforeseen how their dominance will be affected by the growing smartphone and tablet market.", "2010s in video gaming __knowledge__ A Yahoo article published in 2012 predicted that video game consoles will not be around in 2020, but will instead be built-in features to televisions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "1964 South Vietnamese coup __knowledge__ Before dawn on January 30, 1964, General Nguyễn Khánh ousted the military junta led by General Dương Văn Minh from the leadership of South Vietnam without firing a shot.", "1964 South Vietnamese coup __knowledge__ It came less than three months after Minh's junta had themselves come to power in a bloody coup against then President Ngô Đình Diệm.", "1964 South Vietnamese coup __knowledge__ The coup was bloodless and took less than a few hours—after power had been seized Minh's aide and bodyguard, Major Nguyễn Văn Nhung was arrested and summarily executed.", "1964 South Vietnamese coup __knowledge__ Distrusted by his colleagues because of his tendency to change sides and his reputation as an intriguer, Khánh was assigned to I Corps in the far north of the country after Diệm's overthrow to keep him away from the capital Saigon.", "Mỹ Tho __knowledge__ Mỹ Tho () is the capital city, center of economics, education and technology of Tiền Giang Province, located in the Mekong Delta region of South Vietnam.", "Mỹ Tho __knowledge__ It has a population of approximately 169,000 in 2006 and 220,000 in 2012.", "Mỹ Tho __knowledge__ The majority ethnic group is the Kinh, and some of the Chinese, the Cham and the Khmer.", "Mỹ Tho __knowledge__ Boat rides on the Mỹ Tho River are popular with tourists, and the city is known for \"hủ tiếu Mỹ Tho\", a type of soup.", "Mỹ Tho __knowledge__ Mỹ Tho was founded in the 1680s by Chinese refugees fleeing China, when the entire country became a colony of the Manchu-led Qing Empire in 1683.", "Mỹ Tho __knowledge__ The area, at the time, was once part of the former Khmer Empire and it was annexed to Vietnam in the 18th century.", "Uí Fidgenti __knowledge__ The Uí Fidgenti, Fidgeinti, Fidgheinte,Fidugeinte,Fidgente, or Fidgeinte ( or ; \"descendents of, or of the tribe of, Fidgenti\") were an early kingdom of northern Munster in Ireland, situated mostly in modern County Limerick, but extending into County Clare and County Tipperary, and possibly even County Kerry and County Cork, at maximum extents, which varied over time.", "Uí Fidgenti __knowledge__ They flourished from about 377 A.D. (assumption of power of Fidgheinte) to 977 (death of Donovan), although they continued to devolve for another three hundred years.", "Uí Fidgenti __knowledge__ They have been given various origins among both the early or proto-Eóganachta and among the Dáirine by different scholars working in a number of traditions, with no agreement ever reached or appearing reachable.", "Microsoft Active Accessibility __knowledge__ Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) is an Application Programming Interface (API) for user interface accessibility.", "Microsoft Active Accessibility __knowledge__ MSAA was introduced as a platform add-on to Microsoft Windows 95 in 1997.", "Microsoft Active Accessibility __knowledge__ MSAA is designed to help Assistive Technology (AT) products interact with standard and custom user interface (UI) elements of an application (or the operating system), as well as to access, identify, and manipulate an application's UI elements.", "Microsoft Active Accessibility __knowledge__ AT products work with MSAA enabled applications in order to provide better access for individuals who have physical or cognitive difficulties, impairments, or disabilities.", "History of Idar __knowledge__ Idar is a historical town in Sabarkantha district of north Gujarat, India.", "History of Idar __knowledge__ Recorded in epic history and ruled by Bhils and descendants of Maitraka of Vallabhi, its history traced back to the 7th century.", "History of Idar __knowledge__ The region was ruled by Rajput clans.", "History of Idar __knowledge__ Initially Parihar Rajput refounded Idar and ruled until its chief died in the second battle of Tarain in 1192.", "History of Idar __knowledge__ Idar then fell into the hands of a Koli named Hathi Sora who was succeeded by his son Samalio.", "History of Idar __knowledge__ The latter was killed by a Rathod prince named Sonangji, who occupied Idar, and became the founder of the dynasty of the Raos who ruled there for several generations.", "Cochinchina Campaign __knowledge__ The Cochinchina Campaign (; ; ; Filipino: \"Expedisiyong pranses-espanyol sa Cochinchina\"); (1858–1862), fought between the French and Spanish on one side and the Vietnamese on the other, began as a limited punitive campaign and ended as a French war of conquest.", "Cochinchina Campaign __knowledge__ The war concluded with the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, a development that inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial dominance in Vietnam.", "Cochinchina Campaign __knowledge__ The French had few pretexts to justify their imperial ambitions in Indochina.", "Cochinchina Campaign __knowledge__ In the early years of the 19th century some Frenchmen believed that the Vietnamese emperor Gia Long owed the French a favour for the help French troops had given him in 1802 against his Tây Sơn enemies, but it soon became clear that the Gia Long felt no more bound to France than he did to China, which had also provided help.", "Hans Reiser __knowledge__ Hans Thomas Reiser (born December 19, 1963) is an American convicted murderer, computer programmer, and entrepreneur.", "Hans Reiser __knowledge__ In April 2008, Reiser was convicted of the first-degree murder of his wife, Nina Reiser, who disappeared in September 2006.", "Hans Reiser __knowledge__ He subsequently pleaded guilty to a reduced charge of second-degree murder, as part of a settlement agreement that included disclosing the location of his wife's body, which he revealed to be in a shallow grave near the couple's home.", "Hans Reiser __knowledge__ Prior to his incarceration, Reiser created the ReiserFS computer file system, which is contained within the Linux kernel, as well as its attempted successor, Reiser4.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi (formerly XBMC) is a free and open-source media player software application developed by the XBMC Foundation, a non-profit technology consortium.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi is available for multiple operating systems and hardware platforms, with a software 10-foot user interface for use with televisions and remote controls.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ It allows users to play and view most streaming media, such as videos, music, podcasts, and videos from the Internet, as well as all common digital media files from local and network storage media.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ It is a multi-platform home-theater PC (HTPC) application.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi is highly customizable: a variety of skins can change its appearance, and various plug-ins allow users to access streaming media content via online services such as Amazon Prime Instant Video, Crackle, Pandora Internet Radio, Rhapsody, Spotify, and YouTube.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ The Xbox One system software, sometimes called the Xbox OS, is the operating system for the eighth-generation home video game console, Xbox One.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ It is a Windows-based operating system using the Hyper-V virtual machine monitor and contains separate operating systems for games and applications that can run on the console.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ It is located on the internal HDD for day-to-day usage, while also being duplicated on the internal NAND storage of the console for recovery purposes and factory reset functionality.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ The Xbox One allows users to download applications that add to the functionality of the dashboard.", "Criticism of Spotify __knowledge__ Spotify, a music streaming company, has attracted significant criticism since its 2008 launch, mainly over artist compensation.", "Criticism of Spotify __knowledge__ Unlike physical sales or downloads, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on the artist's \"market share\"—the number of streams for their songs as a proportion of total songs streamed on the service.", "Criticism of Spotify __knowledge__ Spotify distributes approximately 70% of its total revenue to rights holders, who then pay artists based on their individual agreements.", "Criticism of Spotify __knowledge__ Multiple artists have criticised the policy, most notably Thom Yorke and Taylor Swift, who temporarily withdrew their music from the service.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006, in North America, and March 23, 2007, in Europe and Australia.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ The PlayStation 3 mainly competes against consoles such as Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ Belshazzar's Feast is a cantata by the English composer William Walton.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ It was first performed at the Leeds Festival on 8 October 1931, with the baritone Dennis Noble, the London Symphony Orchestra and the Leeds Festival Chorus, conducted by Malcolm Sargent.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ The work has remained one of Walton's most celebrated compositions.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ Osbert Sitwell selected the text from the Bible, primarily the Book of Daniel, and Psalm 137.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ The work is dedicated to Walton's friend and benefactor Lord Berners.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ In the story of Belshazzar's Feast, the Jews are in exile in Babylon.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ After a feast at which Belshazzar, the Babylonian king, commits sacrilege by using the Jews' sacred vessels to praise the heathen gods, he is miraculously killed, the kingdom falls, and the Jews regain their freedom.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Cory Atkins (February 10, 1949) is an American state legislator serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ She was first elected in 1998.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Atkins is a Concord resident and a member of the Democratic Party.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Atkins went to Burdett Business School and then received her bachelor's degree from University of Massachusetts Boston.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Prior to serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Atkins worked as a partner with ADS Ventures from 1992 until 1999.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ She is an instructor at Middlesex Community College and writes a political newspaper column and travel column.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ The Xbox is a home video game console and the first installment in the Xbox series of consoles manufactured by Microsoft.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was released on November 15, 2001 in North America, followed by Australia, Europe and Japan in 2002.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was Microsoft's first foray into the gaming console market.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It is the part of sixth generation console, and competed with Sony's PlayStation 2 and Nintendo's GameCube.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was also the first console produced by an American company since the Atari Jaguar ceased production in 1996.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ Announced in 2000, the Xbox, graphically powerful compared to its rivals, featured a standard PC's 733 MHz Intel Pentium III processor.", "Xbox Live Arcade __knowledge__ Xbox Live Arcade (XBLA) is a digital video game download service available through the Xbox Games Store, Microsoft's digital distribution network for the Xbox 360.", "Xbox Live Arcade __knowledge__ It focuses on smaller downloadable games from both major publishers and independent game developers.", "Xbox Live Arcade __knowledge__ Titles range from classic console and arcade video games, to new games designed from the ground up for the service.", "Xbox Live Arcade __knowledge__ Games available through the XBLA service range from $5–20 in price, and as of October 2016, there have been 719 Xbox Live Arcade titles released for the Xbox 360.", "Xbox Live Arcade __knowledge__ Prior to the Xbox 360, \"Xbox Live Arcade\" was the name for an online distribution network on the original Xbox, which was replaced by the Xbox Live Marketplace.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 game console, developed by Microsoft, features a number of first-party and third-party accessories.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ Up to four controllers are able to connect to Xbox 360, including wired and wireless gamepads.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wireless controllers run on either AA batteries (Alkaline or rechargeable) or on a rechargeable battery pack.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wired controllers may be connected to any of the USB ports on the console (the number of ports depends on model: old-style 360s have two at the front and one on the rear, while Xbox 360 S units have two at the front and three at the rear), or to a USB hub.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ USB keyboards are also supported, but only for inputting text and navigating the dashboard; additionally, the number pad and hotkeys are non-functional." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 3, 3 ]

[ "So did I! It is a gaming brand made by Microsoft.", "Yeah, how many of the consoles did you own? I think I've owned all three consoles.", "Cool! A lot of people think that they are just the consoles but Xbox represents the apps and streaming services as well.", "Yeah it was, but Xbox live has always been a blast.", "Same here, especially since Xbox live costs money." ]

[ "Xbox", "Xbox", "Xbox", "Xbox", "Xbox" ]

[ "Veganism\nI am currently trying to become a vegan. Do you have any experience?", "I need to cut out animal products, altogether!", "I would like to get eggs out of my system. They can be such a good source of protein!", "Yes, this is true. There area variety of good substitutes for most meats." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ The American Vegan Society (AVS) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes veganism in the United States.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ AVS was founded by 1960 by H. Jay Dinshah.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ The date of the earlier The Vegan Society (UK)'s founding, November 1, is now celebrated annually as World Vegan Day.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ Prior to broad and widely-accessible search capabilities of the Internet, the American Vegan Society published networking and business resources which supported vegan lifestyle.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ H. Jay Dinshah founded the American Vegan Society early in 1960 and later that year (August) married the English-born Freya Smith.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ Freya, whose parents were active in The Vegan Society (of England), contributed to the early growth of the American Vegan Society and is president of the American Vegan Society today.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Victoria Moran is an American author and speaker.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She has written a number of books specializing in both spirituality and veganism.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Moran hosts the \"Main Street Vegan\" radio show and podcast on \"Unity Online Radio\".", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She started her career as a freelance magazine writer and has gone on to publish a number of best-selling vegan books, starting in 1985 with \"Compassion the Ultimate Ethic\", which was based on her undergraduate college thesis.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Her 2012 book, \"Main Street Vegan\", is the basis of her company and outreach, including the Main Street Vegan podcast, Main Street Vegan Academy, and Main Street Vegan Productions.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegan Outreach __knowledge__ Vegan Outreach is an American grassroots animal advocacy group working to promote veganism through the widespread distribution of printed informational booklets.", "Vegan Outreach __knowledge__ As of March 2010, over 11 million hard copies of the group's brochures have been handed out by members of Vegan Outreach around the world.", "Vegan Outreach __knowledge__ Originally known as Animal Liberation Action (ALA), the group was founded by Matt Ball and Jack Norris in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1993.", "Vegan Outreach __knowledge__ Vegan Outreach is currently one of Animal Charity Evaluators' Standout Charities.", "Vegan Outreach __knowledge__ As members of the Animal Rights Community of Cincinnati, Matt Ball and Jack Norris (along with Phil Murray, now co-owner of Pangea Vegan Products) spent the winter of 1990–1991 holding fur protests outside cultural events.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ Environmental vegetarianism is the practice of vegetarianism or eating a plant-based diet based on the indications that animal-based industries are environmentally destructive or unsustainable.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ The primary environmental concerns with animal products are pollution—including greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)—deforestation, and the use of resources such as fossil fuels, water, and land.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ Four-fifths of agricultural emissions arise from the livestock sector.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ Estimates on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to animal products range from 18% to 51% of total global emissions.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ However, a PNAS model showed that even if animals were completely removed from U.S. agriculture and diets, U.S. GHG emissions would be decreased by 2.6% only (or 28% of agricultural GHG emissions).", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ A concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO), as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an animal feeding operation (AFO)—a farm in which animals are raised in confinement—that has over 1000 \"animal units\" confined for over 45 days a year.", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ An animal unit is \"an animal equivalent of 1000 pounds live weight and equates to 1000 head of beef cattle, 700 dairy cows, 2500 swine weighing more than 55 lbs, 125 thousand broiler chickens, or 82 thousand laying hens or pullets\".", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ A CAFO is also an animal feeding operation of any size that discharges its waste into a waterway.", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ As of 2016 there were around 212,000 AFOs in the United States, 19,496 of which were CAFOS.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ As a fuel, proteins provide as much energy density as carbohydrates: 4 kcal (17 kJ) per gram; in contrast, lipids provide 9 kcal (37 kJ) per gram.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ Entomophagy (, from Greek ἔντομον \"éntomon\", \"insect\", and φᾰγεῖν \"phagein\", \"to eat\") is the human use of insects as food.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ The eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of certain insects have been eaten by humans from prehistoric times to the present day.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ Human insect-eating is common to cultures in most parts of the world, including North, Central, and South America; and Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ Over 1,000 species of insects are known to be eaten in 80% of the world's nations.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ The total number of ethnic groups recorded to practice entomophagy is around 3,000.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ However, in some societies insect-eating is uncommon or even taboo.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegan dog food may incorporate the use of fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, as well as any other non-animal based foods.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ The omnivorous domestic canine has evolved to metabolize carbohydrates and thrive on a diet lower in protein, and therefore, a vegan diet may be substantial if properly formulated and balanced.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be defined as the practice of consuming foods that are primarily derived from plants, with or without dairy products, eggs, and/or honey.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Glycine max, commonly known as soybean in North America or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals.", "Soybean __knowledge__ For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes.", "Soybean __knowledge__ The beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop.", "Big Brother 3 (UK) __knowledge__ Big Brother 2002, also known as Big Brother 3, was the third series of the British reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 3 (UK) __knowledge__ It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.", "Big Brother 3 (UK) __knowledge__ The series premiered on Channel 4 on 24 May 2002 and lasted nine weeks (64 days) until the live finale on 26 July 2002.", "Big Brother 3 (UK) __knowledge__ The third edition saw a ratings increase for the series.", "Big Brother 3 (UK) __knowledge__ The finale had a total of 10 million viewers which is not only the most watched episode of \"Big Brother\" to date but, based on Live +7 data supplied by BARB, is Channel 4's most watched broadcast since the channel's inception in 1982.", "Senior dog diet __knowledge__ Senior dog food diets are pet foods that are catered toward the senior or mature pet population.", "Senior dog diet __knowledge__ The senior dog population consists of dogs that are over the age of seven for most dog breeds, though in general large and giant breed dogs tend to reach this life stage earlier when compared to smaller breed dogs who are considered senior at a much later age.", "Senior dog diet __knowledge__ Senior dog foods contain nutrients and characteristics that are used to improve the health of the aging dog.", "Senior dog diet __knowledge__ Aging in dogs causes many changes to occur physiologically that will require a change in nutrient composition of their diet.", "Senior dog diet __knowledge__ A major change that occurs is the decrease in energy requirements which is addressed by lowered caloric content of senior pet foods.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking bananas are banana cultivars in the genus \"Musa\" whose fruits are generally used in cooking.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ They may be eaten while ripe or unripe and are generally starchy.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Some cooking bananas are also referred to as green bananas or plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ ( , ) The term \"plantain\" is loosely applied to any banana cultivar that is eaten when cooked.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ However, there is no formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking is also a matter of custom, rather than necessity.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Ripe plantains can be eaten raw, since the starches are converted to sugars as they ripen.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ In some countries, there may be a clear distinction between plantains and bananas, but in other countries, where many more cultivars are consumed, the distinction is not made in the common names used.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ A private timber reserve is an area of privately owned land, used or intended to be used, for growing timber within the Australian state of Tasmania.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ Landowners can have their land declared as a Private Timber Reserve and protect their right to use private land to grow timber.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ Private land or freehold land refers to land registered under Torrens title.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ A landowner is the person(s) and/or legal entity registered on the Torrens Title.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ Private Timber Reserves are unique, with no other State in Australia, or internationally, providing the land owner with protection of their rights to use their planted land, land they intend to plant or native forests areas, to grow timber.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ This is a list of varieties of hop (\"Humulus lupulus\").", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ As there are male and female plants, the flowers (cones) of the female plant are fertilized by the pollen of the male flowers with the result that the female flowers form seeds.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ These seeds are eaten by birds and hence spread over vast distances.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ Hops, specifically their female plants, have been grown as a commercial crop for the brewing industry for many centuries in many countries.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ The first documented mention of a hop garden is in the will of Pepyn III.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ The first breeding of different hop varieties took place at Wye College in Kent, England by E. S. Salmon in 1919 when he bred the varieties \"Brewer's Gold\" and \"Bullion\".", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Substitutes for Leadership Theory __knowledge__ Substitutes for leadership theory is a leadership theory first developed by Steven Kerr and John M. Jermier in 1978.", "Substitutes for Leadership Theory __knowledge__ The theory states that different situational factors can enhance, neutralize, or substitute for leader behaviors (Avolio, Walumbwa, & Weber, 2009; Den Hartog & Koopman, 2001).", "Substitutes for Leadership Theory __knowledge__ It has received criticism for shortcomings due to perceived methodological issues (Dionne, Yammarino, Atwater, & James, 2002; Podsakoff & Mackenzie, 1995).", "Substitutes for Leadership Theory __knowledge__ Empirical research has produced mixed results as to its ability to predict subordinate outcomes.", "Substitutes for Leadership Theory __knowledge__ Over the years, researchers have developed many leadership theories.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Substitute good __knowledge__ A substitute good is one good that can be used instead of another.", "Substitute good __knowledge__ In consumer theory, substitute goods or substitutes are products that a consumer perceives as similar or comparable, so that having more of one product makes them desire less of the other product.", "Substitute good __knowledge__ Formally, \"X\" and \"Y\" are substitutes if, when the price of \"X\" rises, the demand for \"Y\" rises.", "Substitute good __knowledge__ Potatoes from different farms are an example: if the price of one farm's potatoes goes up, then it can be presumed that fewer people will buy potatoes from that farm and source them from another farm instead.", "Substitute good __knowledge__ There are different degrees of substitutability.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Generally, people can survive up to 40 days without food, a period largely dependent on the amount of water consumed, stored body fat, muscle mass and genetic factors.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, a poor understanding of nutrition and dietary practices, and deficient sanitation and food security.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Good nutrition helps children grow physically, promotes human biological development and helps in the eradication of poverty.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability and palatability of foods.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ For humans, a healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduce risk of foodborne illness.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ In humans, an unhealthy diet can cause deficiency-related diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbirth and cretinism, or nutrient excess health-threatening conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.", "Animal nutrition __knowledge__ Animal nutrition focuses on the dietary needs of animals, primarily those in agriculture and food production, but also in zoos, aquariums and wildlife management.", "Animal nutrition __knowledge__ There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fibre, minerals, proteins, vitamins, and water.", "Animal nutrition __knowledge__ The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy.", "Animal nutrition __knowledge__ Some of the structural material can be used to generate energy internally, and in either case it is measured in joules or calories (sometimes called \"kilocalories\" and on other rare occasions written with a capital \"C\" to distinguish them from little 'c' calories).", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ As a fuel, proteins provide as much energy density as carbohydrates: 4 kcal (17 kJ) per gram; in contrast, lipids provide 9 kcal (37 kJ) per gram.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.", "Protein (nutrient) __knowledge__ During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions.", "Nutrient __knowledge__ A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.", "Nutrient __knowledge__ The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi, and protists.", "Nutrient __knowledge__ Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excreted by cells to create non-cellular structures, such as hair, scales, feathers, or exoskeletons.", "Nutrient __knowledge__ Some nutrients can be metabolically converted to smaller molecules in the process of releasing energy, such as for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and fermentation products (ethanol or vinegar), leading to end-products of water and carbon dioxide.", "Nutrient __knowledge__ All organisms require water.", "Copper in health __knowledge__ Copper is an essential trace element that is vital to the health of all living things (humans, plants, animals, and microorganisms).", "Copper in health __knowledge__ In humans, copper is essential to the proper functioning of organs and metabolic processes.", "Copper in health __knowledge__ The human body has complex homeostatic mechanisms which attempt to ensure a constant supply of available copper, while eliminating excess copper whenever this occurs.", "Copper in health __knowledge__ However, like all essential elements and nutrients, too much or too little nutritional ingestion of copper can result in a corresponding condition of copper excess or deficiency in the body, each of which has its own unique set of adverse health effects." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 10, 0 ]

[ "Yes i have been trying to but the farthest i have reach is 2 weeks being a veggie A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan.", "Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism you could try one that fits you. and yes animal products in my opinion are no good", " Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body but their are many ways to get protein other than animal protein.", "Specially almonds i love them and if you eat them throw out the day its good source of protein." ]

[ "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism" ]

[ "Freckle\nFreckles are cute, but I don't have them. Do you?", "Yes, they do seem to be on fair complexions.", "Freckle", "I thought they did!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).", "Freckle __knowledge__ As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker and more visible.", "Freckle __knowledge__ This means that one may have never developed freckles before, but after extended exposure to sunlight, they may suddenly appear.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as arms or shoulders.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Heavily distributed concentrations of melanin may cause freckles to multiply and cover an entire area of skin, such as the face.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are rare on infants, and more commonly found on children before puberty.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the sun, but do fade with age in some cases.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ Freckles is a 1904 novel written by the American writer and naturalist Gene Stratton-Porter.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ It is primarily set in the Limberlost Swamp area of Indiana, with brief scenes set in Chicago.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The title character also appears briefly in Porter's \"A Girl of the Limberlost\".", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The novel is marked by its frequent, detailed, and loving descriptions of the flora and fauna of the wilderness through the eyes of its innocent protagonist.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The hero is an adult orphan, just under twenty years of age, with bright red hair and a freckled complexion.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ His right hand is missing at the wrist, and has been since before he can remember.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Freckles and his Friends was an American comic strip set in the peaceful small town of Shadyside where young Freckles McGoosey and his friends lived.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Although the long-running strip, created by Merrill Blosser, is remembered for its continuing storyline involving a group of teenagers, it originally featured a child at the age of six or seven in gag-a-day situations.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Illustrated by Blosser and later by Henry Formhals (1908-1981), \"Freckles and His Friends\" was ghostwritten by Fred Fox (1903-1981).", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ A gagwriter for Groucho Marx and Judy Canova, Fox scripted for radio, television and films.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Widely syndicated by Newspaper Enterprise Association, \"Freckles and His Friends\" had a long run through much of the 20th Century.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: A Jekyll and Hyde-type who fought Captain Marvel Jr. Based on the Nazi Dictator Adolf Hitler.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Führer of Nazi Germany, he was a member of the Monster Society of Evil.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ He ordered the creation of Captain Nazi, and caused many plots against America and its superheroes.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Like his real-life counterpart, he probably committed suicide with his wife when the Allies were advancing to Berlin.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Only appearing in \"Marvel Family\" #27.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Created by a scientist who thinks if everyone in the world was like him there would be no war.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ Freckles Comes Home is a 1942 American film directed by Jean Yarbrough based on the novel by Jeannette Stratton-Porter that was a sequel to \"Freckles\" by her mother Gene Stratton-Porter.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ Freckles Winslow (Johnny Downs) is on his way home from college.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ On the bus he encounters a crook, \"Muggsy\" Dolan who calls himself Jack Leach (Walter Sande).", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ Jack is on the run from the law, and is looking for a safe place to hide.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ The two men come to talking and Freckles mentions his serene home town to Jack, having only good things to say about it.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ Jack decides to tag along and take his refuge in Freckles home town.", "Freckles (1935 film) __knowledge__ Freckles is a 1935 American drama film directed by Edward Killy and William Hamilton from a screenplay written by Dorothy Yost, adapted by Mary Mayes from Gene Stratton-Porter's 1904 novel of the same name.", "Freckles (1935 film) __knowledge__ Two earlier adaptations of Stratton-Porter's novel had been produced, the first by Paramount in 1917, and the second in 1928 by FBO, both were also titled \"Freckles\".", "Freckles (1935 film) __knowledge__ This 1935 version was released by RKO Radio Pictures (which had been formed by the merger of FBO and KAO) on October 4, and stars Tom Brown, Virginia Weidler, and Carol Stone.", "Freckles (1935 film) __knowledge__ Freckles, a young man and orphan, shows up at a lumber camp, where the local schoolteacher, Mary Arden, takes a shine to him and convinces the lumber company's owner, McLean, to hire Freckles as a guard." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).", "Freckle __knowledge__ As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker and more visible.", "Freckle __knowledge__ This means that one may have never developed freckles before, but after extended exposure to sunlight, they may suddenly appear.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as arms or shoulders.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Heavily distributed concentrations of melanin may cause freckles to multiply and cover an entire area of skin, such as the face.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are rare on infants, and more commonly found on children before puberty.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the sun, but do fade with age in some cases.", "Theatrical makeup __knowledge__ Theatrical makeup is makeup that is used to assist in creating the appearance of the characters that actors portray during a theater production.", "Theatrical makeup __knowledge__ In Greek and Roman theatre, makeup was unnecessary.", "Theatrical makeup __knowledge__ Actors wore various masks, allowing them to portray another gender, age, or entirely different likeness.", "Theatrical makeup __knowledge__ Thespis, considered to be the first actor, used white lead and wine to paint his face.", "Theatrical makeup __knowledge__ In medieval Europe, actors altered their appearances by painting their faces a different color.", "Theatrical makeup __knowledge__ Performers who portrayed God painted their faces white or gold; actors playing angels painted their faces red.", "Theatrical makeup __knowledge__ During the Renaissance, actors were creative and resourceful when making-over their faces.", "Elf (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ An elf, in the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game, is a humanoid race, one of the primary races available for player character.", "Elf (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ Elves are renowned for their grace and mastery of magic and weapons such as the sword and bow.", "Elf (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ Becoming physically mature by the age of 25 and emotionally mature at around 125, they are also famously long-lived, capable of living more than half a millennium and remaining physically youthful.", "Elf (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ Possessed of innate beauty and easy gracefulness, they are viewed as both wondrous and haughty by other races; however, their natural detachment is seen by some as introversion or xenophobia.", "Kashmiris __knowledge__ The Kashmiris () are an ethnic group native to the Kashmir Valley, in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, who speak Kashmiri, an Indo-Aryan Dardic language.", "Kashmiris __knowledge__ The bulk of Kashmiri people predominantly live in the Kashmir Valley–which is the 'actual' Kashmir and does not include the other territories of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir (i.e.", "Kashmiris __knowledge__ Jammu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Kashmir and Ladakh).", "Kashmiris __knowledge__ Other ethnic groups living in the Jammu and Kashmir state include Gujjars, Dogras Paharis, Baltis and Ladakhis.", "Kashmiris __knowledge__ While Kashmiris are native to the Kashmir Valley, smaller populations of Kashmiris also live in the remaining districts of Jammu and Kashmir.", "Rowther __knowledge__ Rowther or Ravuthar is a Muslim community from the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.", "Rowther __knowledge__ Together with the Kayalar, Lebbai and Maraikayar communities, they constitute the Tamil Muslims, an Islamic community spread across South India.", "Rowther __knowledge__ Rowthers follow the Hanafi school of Fiqh.", "Rowther __knowledge__ In Tamil Nadu, the non-muslims often refer to muslims as \"tulukkar\" - a term offensive to the muslims - probably derived from \"turukkiyar\", meaning \"Turkish\", owing to their Turkic ancestry and history.", "Rowther __knowledge__ They are descendants of a group of Muslim soldiers, a mixture of Arabian and Turkic horse-traders and Rajputs of North India who came to South India in the 12th century as a part of the Turkic armies.", "Francisco Pizarro __knowledge__ Francisco Pizarro González (; ;  – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire.", "Francisco Pizarro __knowledge__ He captured and killed Incan emperor Atahualpa, and claimed the lands for Spain.", "Francisco Pizarro __knowledge__ Francisco Pizarro was born in Trujillo, Cáceres, Spain (then in the Crown of Castile) in modern-day Extremadura, Spain.", "Francisco Pizarro __knowledge__ He was the illegitimate son of infantry colonel Gonzalo Pizarro (1446–1522) and Francisca González, a woman of poor means.", "Francisco Pizarro __knowledge__ His date of birth is uncertain, but it is believed to be sometime in the 1470s, probably 1474.", "Francisco Pizarro __knowledge__ Little attention was paid to his education and he grew up illiterate.", "Kashmiris of Punjab __knowledge__ The Kashmiris of Punjab are ethnic Kashmiris who have historically migrated from the Kashmir Valley and settled in the Punjab region.", "Kashmiris of Punjab __knowledge__ Many ethnic Kashmiri Muslims from the Kashmir Valley had migrated to the Punjab region during Dogra and Sikh rule.", "Kashmiris of Punjab __knowledge__ They are not to be confused with Azad Kashmiri migrants, many of whom have also settled in parts of Pakistani Punjab.", "Kashmiris of Punjab __knowledge__ Heavy taxes under the Sikh rule, coupled with famine and starvation, caused many Kashmiri peasants to migrate to the plains of Punjab.", "Kashmiris of Punjab __knowledge__ These claims, made in Kashmiri histories, were corroborated by European travelers.", "Kashmiris of Punjab __knowledge__ When one such European traveler, Moorcroft, left the Valley in 1823, about 500 emigrants accompanied him across the Pir Panjal Pass.", "Complexions Contemporary Ballet __knowledge__ Complexions Contemporary Ballet is a contemporary ballet company founded in 1994 by Co-Artistic Directors Dwight Rhoden and Desmond Richardson based in New York City comprising about 14 classical and contemporary dancers.", "Complexions Contemporary Ballet __knowledge__ Complexions performs worldwide, provides dance education, and was America's first fully multicultural ballet company.", "Complexions Contemporary Ballet __knowledge__ Complexions has received numerous awards including the New York Times “Critics Choice” Award.", "Complexions Contemporary Ballet __knowledge__ It has appeared throughout the US, including the Joyce Theater/NY, Lincoln Center/NY, the Brooklyn Academy of Music's/NY, the Mahalia Jackson Performance Arts Center in New Orleans, the Paramount Theatre in Seattle, the Music Center in Los Angeles, and the Winspear Opera House/Dallas.", "Wandesford House __knowledge__ Wandesford House is an eighteenth-century almshouse in the centre of York, one of twelve still-functioning almshouses in the city, and the oldest still in its original building.", "Wandesford House __knowledge__ Built in 1739 and opened in 1743, the house is an important example of the classical style in the city.", "Wandesford House __knowledge__ Like many historic almshouses, it was referred to as a hospital before that term became chiefly associated with medical establishments.", "Wandesford House __knowledge__ The almshouse lies a few yards outside the city walls on the north-west side of Bootham behind its front garden and between houses of later date.", "Wandesford House __knowledge__ Inside are twelve flats intended for single Christian women, who are in hardship, need or distress, and over 50 years of age.", "Liffey Junction railway station __knowledge__ Liffey Junction is a former railway station and junction on the erstwhile Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR) in Dublin, Ireland.", "Liffey Junction railway station __knowledge__ The station opened in 1864 upon the opening of the Liffey Line from this point to the River Liffey at North Wall.", "Liffey Junction railway station __knowledge__ The station closed to passenger traffic on 18 January 1937 upon the concurrent closure of the line from Broadstone to Liffey Junction, such traffic being rerouted to Pearse Station (then Westland Row).", "Liffey Junction railway station __knowledge__ The station remained in use until 1977 for cattle traffic and afterwards was used as a wagon storage point.", "Liffey Junction railway station __knowledge__ Today, most of the features of this station have disappeared.", "Mary Wandesford __knowledge__ Mary Wandesford (1655–1726) was a devout religious unmarried woman, who was noted for creating an Anglican vocation for women similar to herself.", "Mary Wandesford __knowledge__ The vocation still stands today.", "Mary Wandesford __knowledge__ Mary was born as the eldest daughter of five children, of Sir Christopher Wandesford, 1st Baronet Wandesford of Kirklington, and his wife Eleanor Lowther, the daughter of Sir John Lowther of Lowther Hall.", "Mary Wandesford __knowledge__ They derived most of their wealth from coal mines in their Estate at Castlecomer in Ireland.", "Mary Wandesford __knowledge__ Mary's brother, George Wandesford, was made Viscount Castlecomer in 1707.", "Mary Wandesford __knowledge__ She was baptized in the church at Kirklington, on June 23, 1655.", "Hehe people __knowledge__ The Hehe (Swahili collective: Wahehe) are an ethnic and linguistic group based in Iringa Region in south-central Tanzania, speaking the Bantu Hehe language.", "Hehe people __knowledge__ In 2006, the Hehe population was estimated at 805,000, up from the just over 250,000 recorded in the 1957 census when they were the eighth largest tribe in Tanganyika.", "Hehe people __knowledge__ Historically, they are famous for vanquishing a German expedition at Lugalo on 17 August 1891 and maintaining their resistance for seven years thereafter—a war that left the Hehe shattered, culminating in their leading chief, Mkwawa, shooting himself.", "Hehe people __knowledge__ The use of \"Wahehe\" as the group's designator can be traced to their war cry, and was originally employed by their adversaries.", "Macchie (Castelsantangelo sul Nera) __knowledge__ Macchie is an Italian village and hamlet (\"frazione\") of the municipality of Castelsantangelo sul Nera, in the Province of Macerata, Marche.", "Macchie (Castelsantangelo sul Nera) __knowledge__ For ISTAT 2001 census, it had a population of 16.", "Macchie (Castelsantangelo sul Nera) __knowledge__ The village is placed at 1078 metres in the middle of the Monti Sibillini National Park.", "Macchie (Castelsantangelo sul Nera) __knowledge__ The name \"Macchie\" derives from the woods (in Italian: \"macchie\") that surround the village.", "Macchie (Castelsantangelo sul Nera) __knowledge__ It is a mountainous area in the national park of the Sibillini mountains.", "Macchie (Castelsantangelo sul Nera) __knowledge__ Below the village one can admire the Vallinfante valley and nearby the Passo Cattivo, Porche di Vallinfante, Colle La Croce, Monte Pagliano, Monte Prata and Monte Cardosa.", "Colle La Croce __knowledge__ Colle La Croce, or simply La Croce, is a mountain in the Marche, Province of Macerata, in the Monti Sibillini National Park, at 1623 above mean sea level.", "Colle La Croce __knowledge__ The place is named Colle La Croce because at is top there is a cross (in Italian: \"croce\").", "Colle La Croce __knowledge__ At the foot of Colle La Croce there is Macchie, but from its top you can admire also Vallinfante.", "Colle La Croce __knowledge__ Colle La Croce is connected to Macchie, to Passo Cattivo and to Porche di Vallinfante.", "Porche di Vallinfante __knowledge__ Porche di Vallinfante is a mountain of Marche, Italy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).", "Freckle __knowledge__ As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker and more visible.", "Freckle __knowledge__ This means that one may have never developed freckles before, but after extended exposure to sunlight, they may suddenly appear.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as arms or shoulders.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Heavily distributed concentrations of melanin may cause freckles to multiply and cover an entire area of skin, such as the face.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are rare on infants, and more commonly found on children before puberty.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the sun, but do fade with age in some cases.", "Banana freckle __knowledge__ Banana Freckle is a disease caused by the fungus \"Guignardia musae\" (telomorph) or \"Phyllosticta musarum\" (anamorph).", "Banana freckle __knowledge__ Generally, the causal agent of disease is referred to as Guignardia-Phyllosticta sp.", "Banana freckle __knowledge__ There are several different strains of the fungus that exist to infect different banana varieties around the globe.", "Banana freckle __knowledge__ Symptoms include yellowing of the tissue and formation of small dark brown spots on the leaves and fruit.", "Banana freckle __knowledge__ Within the spots, conidia or pycnidia can be found.", "Banana freckle __knowledge__ Banana Freckle is easily propagated and spread from plant to plant by rain splash and movement of infected tissue or fruit.", "Banana freckle __knowledge__ Management of the disease consists of cutting out infected leaves, the paper bag method, fungicide application, and proper sanitation techniques.", "Monster Blood Tattoo: Foundling __knowledge__ Foundling is the first book of \"Monster Blood Tattoo\", a children's/young adult's fantasy trilogy written by Australian author, D.M.", "Monster Blood Tattoo: Foundling __knowledge__ Cornish.", "Monster Blood Tattoo: Foundling __knowledge__ It tells the story of Rossamünd, a boy unfortunately christened with a girl's name, who has lived his entire life in a foundlingery (kind of an orphanage) before he is chosen to become a lamplighter in a far away city.", "Monster Blood Tattoo: Foundling __knowledge__ The book's action takes place entirely on the Half-Continent, a Dickensian world run by arcane science and alchemy, and plagued with deadly (and not-so-deadly) monsters.", "Monster Blood Tattoo: Foundling __knowledge__ It also won Best Young Adult Novel at the 2006 Aurealis Awards.", "Monster Blood Tattoo: Foundling __knowledge__ The American Library Association put \"Monster Blood Tattoo: Foundling\" on the 2007 Best Books for Young Adults list.", "Freckle-breasted thornbird __knowledge__ The freckle-breasted thornbird (\"Phacellodomus striaticollis\") is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae.", "Freckle-breasted thornbird __knowledge__ It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay.", "Freckle-breasted thornbird __knowledge__ Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.", "Freckle-breasted thornbird __knowledge__ It was first described by Alcide d'Orbigny and Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1838, from Uruguay.", "Freckle-breasted thornbird __knowledge__ The adult freckle-breasted thornbird is about in length and the sexes are similar.", "Freckle-breasted thornbird __knowledge__ The upper parts are brown, apart from the forehead, crown, wings and tail which are chestnut, the wing feathers being tipped with black.", "Copallín District __knowledge__ Copallín is a district of the province of Bagua, Peru, located along the Amazon River.", "Copallín District __knowledge__ The first historical account regarding the current population of the district of Copallín is tied to the history of Copallín Viejo, erected in the current district of Aramango.", "Copallín District __knowledge__ Don Juan Requejo Guerrero, the fourth mayor of the province of Bagua, recalls that the natives staged three consecutive attacks on the town of Copallín Viejo.", "Copallín District __knowledge__ According to priest José Maria Guallart, in 1845 a group of aguarunas, including women, visited Copallín Viejo (today the Hillocks of Aramango) to trade copal, parrots, and changuitas for machetes and axes.", "Freckle Juice __knowledge__ Freckle Juice () is a 1971 children's chapter book by Judy Blume with illustrations by Sonia O. Lisker.", "Freckle Juice __knowledge__ It is about a second grade student who wants to have freckles.", "Freckle Juice __knowledge__ Andrew desperately wants to have freckles, so that his mother will never notice when his neck is dirty.", "Freckle Juice __knowledge__ He buys a recipe from a classmate for a horrible concoction called freckle juice that is supposed to cause a person to get freckles.", "Freckle Juice __knowledge__ It just makes him sick, however, causing his mother to think he has appendicitis.", "Freckle Juice __knowledge__ The next day, he gives himself freckles with a blue magic marker, but soon regrets it and is relieved when his teacher gives him a \"magic freckle remover\".", "Maven Pictures __knowledge__ Maven Pictures is an American motion picture company co-founded by Trudie Styler and Celine Rattray in 2011.", "Maven Pictures __knowledge__ It is based in New York City.", "Maven Pictures __knowledge__ In February 2016, it was announced that Freckle Films, actress Jessica Chastain's new production company, has inked a first look overhead deal with Maven Pictures.", "Maven Pictures __knowledge__ Maven will provide development funds and cover overhead costs to acquire IP for Freckle and Maven to jointly produce.", "Maven Pictures __knowledge__ Maven is in development of \"Courting Danger\" starring Olivia Cooke as Alice Marble, and \"Secret Life of Dr. James Miranda Barry\" starring Rachel Weisz as James Miranda Barry.", "Maven Pictures __knowledge__ Maven and Freckle Films have optioned \"The Magician’s Lie\" by Greer Macallister and \"Life and Other Near-Death Experiences\" by Camille Pagan.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ Citrus Black Spot is a fungal disease caused by Guignardia citricarpa.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ This Ascomycete fungus affects citrus plants throughout subtropical climates, causing a reduction in both fruit quantity and quality.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ Symptoms include both fruit and leaf lesions, the latter being critical to inter-tree dispersal.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ Strict regulation and management is necessary to control this disease since there are currently no citrus varieties that are resistant.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ \"Guignardia citricarpa\" is a plant pathogen, some strains of which cause a leaf condition called \"black spot\" on citrus plants.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ As a result, such strains are subject to phytosanitary legislation in the European Union and the United States.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Riba __knowledge__ Riba ( \"\", ) can be roughly translated as \"Usury\", or unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business under Islamic law.", "Riba __knowledge__ \"Riba\" is mentioned and condemned in several different verses in the Qur'an (3:130, 4:161, 30:39 and perhaps most commonly in 2:275-2:280).", "Riba __knowledge__ It is also mentioned in many ahadith.", "Riba __knowledge__ While Muslims agree that \"riba\" is prohibited, not all agree on what precisely it is, or whether its use should be punished by humans rather than Allah.", "Riba __knowledge__ It is often used as an Islamic term for interest charged on loans, and the belief this is based on — that there is a consensus among Muslims that all loan/bank interest is \"riba\" — forms the basis of a $2 trillion Islamic banking industry.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet, such as massive open online courses, competency-based education, sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loan debt According to the National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades.", "Peak oil __knowledge__ The term Peak oil is part of geologist M. King Hubbert's theory, published in 1956.", "Peak oil __knowledge__ In this theory, \"peak oil\" is the point in time when the maximum rate of extraction of petroleum is reached, after which it is expected to enter terminal decline.", "Peak oil __knowledge__ Peak oil theory is based on the observed rise, peak, fall, and depletion of aggregate production rate in oil fields over time.", "Peak oil __knowledge__ It is often confused with oil depletion; however, peak oil is the point of maximum production, while depletion refers to a period of falling reserves and supply.", "Peak oil __knowledge__ Some observers, such as petroleum industry experts Kenneth S. Deffeyes and Matthew Simmons, predicted there would be negative global economy effects after a post-peak production decline and subsequent oil price increase because of the continued dependence of most modern industrial transport, agricultural, and industrial systems on the low cost and high availability of oil." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).", "Freckle __knowledge__ As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker and more visible.", "Freckle __knowledge__ This means that one may have never developed freckles before, but after extended exposure to sunlight, they may suddenly appear.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as arms or shoulders.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Heavily distributed concentrations of melanin may cause freckles to multiply and cover an entire area of skin, such as the face.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are rare on infants, and more commonly found on children before puberty.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the sun, but do fade with age in some cases.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, 1st Baronet, (5 May 1864 – 22 June 1922) was one of the most senior British Army staff officers of the First World War and was briefly an Irish unionist politician.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Wilson served as Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley, and then as Director of Military Operations at the War Office, in which post he played a vital role in drawing up plans to deploy an Expeditionary Force to France in the event of war.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ During these years Wilson acquired a reputation as a political intriguer for his role in agitating for the introduction of conscription and in the Curragh incident of 1914, when he encouraged senior officers to resign rather than move against the Ulster Volunteers (UVF).", "Thought experiment __knowledge__ A thought experiment (, \"Gedanken-Experiment\" or \"Gedankenerfahrung\") considers some hypothesis, theory, or principle for the purpose of thinking through its consequences.", "Thought experiment __knowledge__ Given the structure of the experiment, it may not be possible to perform it, and even if it could be performed, there need not be an intention to perform it.", "Thought experiment __knowledge__ The common goal of a thought experiment is to explore the potential consequences of the principle in question: \"A thought experiment is a device with which one performs an intentional, structured process of intellectual deliberation in order to speculate, within a specifiable problem domain, about potential consequents (or antecedents) for a designated antecedent (or consequent)\" (Yeates, 2004, p. 150).", "Thought insertion __knowledge__ Thought insertion is defined by the ICD-10 as feeling as if one's thoughts are not one's own, but rather belong to someone else and have been inserted into one's mind.", "Thought insertion __knowledge__ The person experiencing thought insertion will not necessarily know where the thought is coming from, but makes a distinction between their own thoughts and those inserted into their minds.", "Thought insertion __knowledge__ However, patients do not experience all thoughts as inserted; only certain ones, normally following a similar content or pattern.", "Thought insertion __knowledge__ This phenomenon is classified as a delusion.", "Thought insertion __knowledge__ A person with this delusional belief is convinced of the veracity of their beliefs and is unwilling to accept such diagnosis.", "Unconscious thought theory __knowledge__ Unconscious thought theory (UTT) posits that the unconscious mind is capable of performing tasks outside of one's awareness, and that unconscious thought (UT) is better at solving complex tasks, where many variables are considered, than conscious thought (CT), but is outperformed by conscious thought in tasks with fewer variables.", "Unconscious thought theory __knowledge__ It was proposed by Ap Dijksterhuis and Loran Nordgren in 2006.", "Unconscious thought theory __knowledge__ The theory is based primarily on findings from comparing subjects presented with a complex decision (for instance which of several apartments is the best?", "Unconscious thought theory __knowledge__ ), and allowed either (1).", "Unconscious thought theory __knowledge__ very little time, (2).", "Unconscious thought theory __knowledge__ ample time, or (3), ample time but are distracted and thereby prevented from devoting conscious attentional resources to it.", "New Thought __knowledge__ The New Thought movement (also \"Higher Thought\") is a religious movement which developed in the United States in the 19th century, considered by many to have been derived from the unpublished writings of Phineas Quimby.", "New Thought __knowledge__ There are numerous smaller groups, most of which are incorporated in the International New Thought Alliance.", "New Thought __knowledge__ New Thought holds that \"Infinite Intelligence\", or God, is everywhere, spirit is the totality of real things, true human selfhood is divine, divine thought is a force for good, sickness originates in the mind, and \"right thinking\" has a healing effect.", "New Thought __knowledge__ Although New Thought is neither monolithic nor doctrinaire, in general, modern-day adherents of New Thought share some core beliefs: The New Thought movement originated in the early 19th century, and survives to the current day in the form of a loosely allied group of religious denominations, authors, philosophers, and individuals who share a set of beliefs concerning metaphysics, positive thinking, the law of attraction, healing, life force, creative visualization, and personal power.", "Thought-Forms (book) __knowledge__ Thought-Forms: A Record of Clairvoyant Investigation is a theosophical book compiled by the members of the Theosophical Society A. Besant and C. W. Leadbeater.", "Thought-Forms (book) __knowledge__ It was originally published in 1901 in London.", "Thought-Forms (book) __knowledge__ From the standpoint of Theosophy, it tells regarding visualization of thoughts, experiences, emotions and music.", "Thought-Forms (book) __knowledge__ Drawings of the \"thought-forms\" were performed by painters Varley, Prince, and McFarlane.", "Thought-Forms (book) __knowledge__ This book has become the result of the joint work of the authors, which began in 1895, when they had started an investigation of \"the subtle matter of the universe.\"", "Thought-Forms (book) __knowledge__ They were interested the work of the human mind as, according their claim, this work \"extrudes into the external world\" the thought-forms.", "William Walker Atkinson __knowledge__ William Walker Atkinson (December 5, 1862 – November 22, 1932) was an attorney, merchant, publisher, and author, as well as an occultist and an American pioneer of the New Thought movement.", "William Walker Atkinson __knowledge__ He is also thought to be the author of the pseudonymous works attributed to Theron Q. Dumont and Yogi Ramacharaka.", "William Walker Atkinson __knowledge__ He wrote an estimated 100 books, all in the last 30 years of his life.", "William Walker Atkinson __knowledge__ He was mentioned in past editions of \"Who's Who in America\", in \"Religious Leaders of America\", and in several similar publications.", "William Walker Atkinson __knowledge__ His works have remained in print more or less continuously since 1900.", "William Walker Atkinson __knowledge__ William Walker Atkinson was born in Baltimore, Maryland on December 5, 1862, to Emma and William Atkinson.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 10 hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Photoaging or photoageing (also known as \"dermatoheliosis\") is a term used for the characteristic changes to skin induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Tretinoin is the best studied retinoid in the treatment of photoaging The deterioration of biological functions and ability to manage metabolic stress is one of the major consequences of the aging process.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Aging is a complex, progressive process that leads to functional and esthetic changes in the skin.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ This process can result from both intrinsic (i.e., genetically determined) as well as extrinsic processes (i.e., environmental factors).", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Photoaging is attributed to continuous, long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of approximately 300–400 nm, either natural or synthetic, on an intrinsically aged skin.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UV-C light is weak at the Earth's surface as the ozone layer of the atmosphere blocks it.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UVGI devices can produce strong enough UV-C light in circulating air or water systems to make them inhospitable environments to microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, molds and other pathogens.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ Dark skin is a naturally occurring human skin color that is rich in eumelanin pigments and having a dark color.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ People with relatively dark skin are referred to as brown, and those with very dark skin are often referred to as black, although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ The evolution of dark skin is believed to have begun around 1.2 million years ago, in light-skinned early hominid species after they moved from the equatorial rainforest to the sunny savannas.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ In the heat of the savannas, better cooling mechanisms were required, which were achieved through the loss of body hair and development of more efficient perspiration.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone , or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula .", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to or dioxygen.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in very low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere).", "Ozone __knowledge__ Its concentration is highest in the ozone layer region of the atmosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Sunscreen, also known as sunblock and suntan lotion, is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Diligent use of sunscreen can also slow or temporarily prevent the development of wrinkles and sagging skin.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Depending on the mode of action, sunscreens can be classified into physical sunscreens (i.e., those that reflect the sunlight) or chemical sunscreens (i.e., those that absorb the UV light).", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Medical organizations such as the American Cancer Society recommend the use of sunscreen because it aids in the prevention of squamous cell carcinomas." ] ]

[ 0, 2, 5, 3 ]

[ "freckes are visable marks that are easly seen on fair complection people", "and believe it or not they do not increase in number over time", "gfrekles become darker wken exposed to uv rays", "i meant freckles do they are also different from moles that appear on skin" ]

[ "Freckle", "Freckle", "Freckle", "Freckle" ]

[ "Hiking", "Hiking is a great activity. Usually what do you pack when you go hiking? ", "That's right. I also like hiking. Where do you usually go?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Ajuda da Bretanha __knowledge__ Ajuda da Bretanha is a northern civil parish in the municipality of Ponta Delgada, on the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.", "Ajuda da Bretanha __knowledge__ It is a relatively new parish, being elevated to this status when the former parish of Bretanha was divided, forming Ajuda and Pilar da Bretanha.", "Ajuda da Bretanha __knowledge__ The population in 2011 was 661, in an area of 7.09 km².", "Ajuda da Bretanha __knowledge__ There still exists some controversy relative to the origin of \"Bretanha\" in the local lexicon.", "Ajuda da Bretanha __knowledge__ The parish received its name from the original Bretanha of the older parish, and in accordance with popular tradition, it was adopted by the local Portuguese colonists to refer to the original settlers of the area.", "Pilar da Bretanha __knowledge__ Pilar da Bretanha is a civil parish in the municipality of Ponta Delgada on the island of São Miguel, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.", "Pilar da Bretanha __knowledge__ It was de-annexed from the historical parish of Bretanha on 10 July 2002, along with Ajuda da Bretanha.", "Pilar da Bretanha __knowledge__ The population in 2011 was 624, in an area of .", "Pilar da Bretanha __knowledge__ There are controversies as to the origins of this parish, which was inhabited between the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century.", "Pilar da Bretanha __knowledge__ The first colonists settled along the coast, from João Bom to Remédios.", "Pilar da Bretanha __knowledge__ At one time these small communities were disparagingly referred to as the \"those places in the north\" by settlers in Ponta Delgada.", "Bretanha __knowledge__ A Bretanha was a former Portuguese civil parish in the municipality of Ponta Delgada, on the island of São Miguel in the archipelago of the Azores.", "Bretanha __knowledge__ As early as the beginning of the 16th century, the region of Bretanha was already occupied by a few settlers.", "Bretanha __knowledge__ The first reference to \"Bretanha\" appeared only between 1515 and 1527, since the northwestern region of the island of São Miguel was known as \"Capelas\".", "Bretanha __knowledge__ In 1515, the region was deannexed from the municipality of Vila Franca do Campo and integrated into the municipality of Ponta Delgada (which was created in 1499).", "Bretanha __knowledge__ There is little information that survives from this period (1515-1527), a point in the region's chronology occupied with early settlement.", "Luethi-Peterson Camps __knowledge__ Founded in 1948 by Natalie Luethi-Peterson, the Luethi-Peterson Camps (LPC) are non-profit, co-ed summer camps in different countries, that aim to foster international understanding by bringing together kids from a variety of cultural backgrounds.", "Luethi-Peterson Camps __knowledge__ Officially, its stated purpose is to \"be a project based upon the conviction that understanding is essential to peace and that such understanding can be best realized through personal friendship and mutual respect which such friendship engenders.\"", "Luethi-Peterson Camps __knowledge__ Using crafts, sports, music and language study as vehicles, LPC emphasizes self-government, guiding campers to take responsibility for themselves and their community.", "Harzer Wandernadel __knowledge__ The Harzer Wandernadel (literally: \"Harz Walking Badge\") is a hiking network and associated system of hiking awards in the Harz mountains in central Germany.", "Harzer Wandernadel __knowledge__ The hiker (or mountain biker) can earn awards at different levels of challenge by walking to the various checkpoints in the network and stamping his or her passbook to record the visit.", "Harzer Wandernadel __knowledge__ With 222 checkpoints in three federal states and across five districts in the Harz and with membership in five figures, the system has gained a following Germany-wide.", "Harzer Wandernadel __knowledge__ The idea of the \"Wandernadel\" (\"hiking badge\") is to give those holidaying in the Harz a worthwhile goal to achieve and encourage them to stay for longer or return.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ This page is about verbs in Hungarian grammar.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ There is basically only one pattern for verb endings, with predictable variations dependent on the phonological context.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ The lemma or citation form is always the third person singular indefinite present.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ This usually has a ∅ suffix, e.g.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ \"kér\" (\"ask\", \"have a request\").", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ A slight variation to the standard pattern is with certain verbs which have third person singular indefinite present ending with \"-ik\", e.g.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ \"dolgozik\" (\"work\"), and 1st singular indefinite present usually with \"-om/-em/-öm\".", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ The stem for this is reached by removing \"-ik\".", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ These verbs explain the reason for this form being the citation form.", "W. F. Waters __knowledge__ William Francis \"Bill\" Waters (22 August 1897 – 8 October 1968) was Scouts Victoria's Headquarters Commissioner for Rover Scouts between 1930 and 1965.", "W. F. Waters __knowledge__ Through both the Rover Scouts and Melbourne Walking Club, of which he was Chief Leader between 1934 and his ascension to the Club's Presidency in 1967, Bill introduced thousands of young people to the then-new sports of bushwalking and cross-country skiing.", "W. F. Waters __knowledge__ Bill would often contribute articles on his treks to the magazine of the Melbourne Walking Club, the \"Melbourne Walker\", both on the treks themselves through the previously unexplored wilderness of Victoria and on the history of the areas he visited.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ Frank Austin \"Paddy\" Pallin (1900 – 3 January 1991) was an Australian pioneer bushwalking and camping equipment retailer.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ He is best known for the \"Paddy Pallin\" chain of outdoors equipment stores he founded.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ Born in County Durham, England, in 1900, Pallin developed a love for the outdoors while on family picnics and Scout trips to the Yorkshire countryside.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ After he emigrated to Sydney, Australia, in 1926 he worked initially as a sharefarmer and then as an insurance clerk.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ He became an original member of the Sydney Bushwalking Club which was founded in 1927 and then, becoming a victim of the great depression in 1930, he began making lightweight, waterproof outdoor equipment and clothing.", "Mount Barney (Queensland) __knowledge__ Mount Barney is a mountain within the Scenic Rim Region in south-east Queensland, Australia.", "Mount Barney (Queensland) __knowledge__ It lies approximately south-west of Brisbane, not far from the Queensland - New South Wales border, and forms part of the McPherson Range.", "Mount Barney (Queensland) __knowledge__ It is a popular destination for bushwalkers and campers.", "Mount Barney (Queensland) __knowledge__ Mount Barney is the sixth or seventh highest mountain in Queensland and is often regarded as one of the most impressive parts of the Scenic Rim.", "Mount Barney (Queensland) __knowledge__ The mountain consists of two main peaks, (East Peak and the slightly higher West Peak), and smaller subsidiary peaks.", "Mount Barney (Queensland) __knowledge__ East Peak is probably the most popular destination for bushwalkers.", "The Bush Club __knowledge__ The Bush Club is an Australian bushwalking club founded in 1939 in Sydney, New South Wales by well-known conservationists and bushwalkers Marie Byles and Paddy Pallin.", "The Bush Club __knowledge__ The Bush Club has hundreds of members located in and around Sydney, and is affiliated with Bushwalking NSW, and through them, with Bushwalking Australia.", "The Bush Club __knowledge__ The club, since inception, has provided a wide range of walks of all difficulties and durations both locally and internationally, as well as regular cycling, kayaking, and canyoning activities.", "The Bush Club __knowledge__ Since inception, the club has organised walks in all national park areas around Sydney.", "Bush Search and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ Bush Search and Rescue New South Wales (BSAR NSW) (previously known as Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue Squad (BWRS) and Bushwalkers Search and Rescue (B S&R) is a remote area land search and rescue service in New South Wales, Australia established in 1936.", "Bush Search and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ BSAR NSW is a wholly volunteer operated, self funded incorporated association and a specialist squad of the Volunteer Rescue Association (VRA).", "Bush Search and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ The squad was formed based on the premise that the best people to search for missing bushwalkers are experienced bushwalkers, who are expected to understand the bush, to know how to navigate in difficult terrain, and to know the hidden passes and the common mistakes walkers make while trying to find a route in difficult country.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The manga series has been adapted into an anime television series produced by Xebec, two light novels, two video games for the PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance and four drama CDs.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The anime ended after 26 episodes.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The manga ended in 2009.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ Prior to the original broadcast of the anime on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2005, both the manga and anime were licensed by Tokyopop and Geneon Entertainment, respectively for North American distribution.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The announcement was made even after ADV announced they acquired licensing rights for both manga and anime a year before.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The tale of \"Elemental Gelade\" is set in the world of Guardia where beings called Edel Raids co-exist with humans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The freedom to roam, or \"everyman's right\", is the general public's right to access certain public or privately owned land for recreation and exercise.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The right is sometimes called the right of public access to the wilderness or the \"right to roam\".", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ In Scotland, the Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and the Central European countries of Austria, Czech Republic and Switzerland, the freedom to roam takes the form of general public rights which are sometimes codified in law.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The access is ancient in parts of Northern Europe and has been regarded as sufficiently basic that it was not formalised in law until modern times.", "Right of way __knowledge__ Right of way is a term used to describe \"the legal right, established by usage or grant, to pass along a specific route through grounds or property belonging to another\", or \"a path or thoroughfare subject to such a right\".", "Right of way __knowledge__ A similar \"right of access\" also exists on some public land in the United States and Canada, as well as Australia and New Zealand (where such land may alternatively be called Crown land).", "Right of way __knowledge__ In some countries, especially in Northern Europe, where the freedom to roam has historically taken the form of general public rights, a right of way may not be restricted to specific paths or trails.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ The Mont Blanc massif (; ) is a mountain range in the Alps, located mostly in France and Italy, but also straddling Switzerland at its northeastern end.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ It contains eleven major independent summits, each over in height.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ It is named after Mont Blanc (), the highest point in western Europe and the European Union.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ Because of its considerable overall altitude, a large proportion of the massif is covered by glaciers, which include the Mer de Glace and the Miage Glacierthe longest glaciers in France and Italy, respectively.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ Not only does the massif form a watershed between the vast catchments of the Rhône and Po rivers, as well as a tripoint between France, Italy and Switzerland, it also marks the border between two climate regions by separating the northern and western Alps from the southern Alps.", "British Columbia __knowledge__ British Columbia (BC or B.C.", "British Columbia __knowledge__ ; French: \"Colombie-Britannique\") is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.", "British Columbia __knowledge__ With an estimated population of 4.8 million as of 2017, it is Canada's third-most populous province.", "British Columbia __knowledge__ The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, which gave rise to the City of Victoria, at first the capital of the separate Colony of Vancouver Island.", "British Columbia __knowledge__ Subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866) was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush.", "Naturism __knowledge__ Naturism, or nudism, is a cultural and political movement practising, advocating, and defending personal and social nudity, most but not all of which takes place on private property.", "Naturism __knowledge__ The term may also refer to a lifestyle based on personal, family, or social nudism.", "Naturism __knowledge__ Naturism may take a number of forms.", "Naturism __knowledge__ It may be practiced individually, within a family, socially, or in public.", "Naturism __knowledge__ Additionally, there is also militant naturism, including campaigning, and extreme naturism is sometimes considered a separate category.", "Naturism __knowledge__ The XIV Congress of the International Naturist Federation (Agde, France, 1974) defined naturism as: Several other terms (\"social nudity\", \"public nudity\", \"skinny dipping\", \"sunning\", and \"clothes-free\") have been proposed as alternative terms for naturism, but none has found the same widespread public acceptance as the older terms \"naturism\" and (in much of the United States) \"nudism\".", "Prom __knowledge__ In the United States, a promenade dance, most commonly called a prom, is a semi-formal (black tie) dance or gathering of high school students.", "Prom __knowledge__ This event is typically held near the end of the senior year (the last year of high school).", "Prom __knowledge__ Proms figure greatly in popular culture and are major events among high school students.", "Prom __knowledge__ High school juniors attending the prom may call it \"junior prom\" while high-school seniors may call it \"senior prom\".", "Prom __knowledge__ In practice, this event may be a combined junior/senior dance.", "Prom __knowledge__ At a prom, a Prom King and Prom Queen may be revealed.", "Prom __knowledge__ These are honorary titles awarded to students elected in a school-wide vote prior to the prom, and seniors are usually awarded these titles.", "Manipuri dance __knowledge__ Manipuri dance, also known as Jagoi, is one of the major Indian classical dance forms, named after the region of its origin – Manipur, a state in northeastern India bordering with Myanmar (Burma), Assam, Nagaland and Mizoram.", "Manipuri dance __knowledge__ It is particularly known for its Hindu Vaishnavism themes, and exquisite performances of love-inspired dance drama of Radha-Krishna called Raslila.", "Manipuri dance __knowledge__ However, the dance is also performed to themes related to Shaivism, Shaktism and regional deities such as Umang Lai during Lai Haraoba.", "Manipuri dance __knowledge__ The roots of Manipuri dance, as with all classical Indian dances, is the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text \"Natya Shastra\", but with influences from the culture fusion between India, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, Micronesia and Polynesia.", "Oral rehydration therapy __knowledge__ Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially that due to diarrhea.", "Oral rehydration therapy __knowledge__ It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts.", "Oral rehydration therapy __knowledge__ Oral rehydration therapy can also be given by a nasogastric tube.", "Oral rehydration therapy __knowledge__ Therapy should routinely include the use of zinc supplements.", "Oral rehydration therapy __knowledge__ Use of oral rehydration therapy decreases the risk of death from diarrhea by about 93%.", "Oral rehydration therapy __knowledge__ Side effects may include vomiting, high blood sodium, or high blood potassium.", "Oral rehydration therapy __knowledge__ If vomiting occurs, it is recommended that use be paused for 10 minutes and then gradually restarted.", "Oral rehydration therapy __knowledge__ The recommended formulation includes sodium chloride, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and glucose.", "Snacking __knowledge__ Snacking does not have a concrete definition.", "Snacking __knowledge__ A study taken by Katherine Chaplin and Andrew Smith from the journal \"Appetite\" says, “Participants defined snacking as food or drink eaten between main meals”.", "Snacking __knowledge__ A snack is a portion of food, smaller than a regular meal, generally eaten between meals.", "Snacking __knowledge__ As told in the textbook \"Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies\" by Frances Sienkiewicz Sizer and Ellie Whitney, sedentary men have a recommended daily calorie intake of about 2400 kcal.", "Snacking __knowledge__ For sedentary women the intake is about 2000 kcal.", "Snacking __knowledge__ The average calorie intake during a meal is about 500 kilocalories leaving a range of 300-800 kilocalories for snacks between meals.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ Not enough nutrients is called undernutrition or undernourishment while too much is called overnutrition.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition is often used to specifically refer to undernutrition where an individual is not getting enough calories, protein, or micronutrients.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ If undernutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development.", "School meal __knowledge__ A school meal or school lunch (also known as hot lunch, a school dinner, or school breakfast) is a meal provided to students at school, typically in the middle or beginning of the school day.", "School meal __knowledge__ Countries all over the world have various kinds of school meal programs.", "School meal __knowledge__ Millions of children from all standards and grades get their meals at their respective schools every day.", "School meal __knowledge__ School meals provide high-energy food with high nutritional values either free, or at economical rates.", "School meal __knowledge__ The benefits of school meals vary from country to country.", "School meal __knowledge__ While in developed countries the school meal is a source of nutritious meals, in developing countries it is an incentive to send children to school and continue their education.", "Diarrhea __knowledge__ Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.", "Diarrhea __knowledge__ It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss.", "Diarrhea __knowledge__ Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour.", "Diarrhea __knowledge__ This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe.", "Diarrhea __knowledge__ Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are exclusively breastfed, however, are normal.", "Diarrhea __knowledge__ The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite - a condition also known as gastroenteritis.", "Breeding for drought stress tolerance __knowledge__ Breeding for drought resistance is the process of breeding plants with the goal of reducing the impact of dehydration on plant growth.", "Breeding for drought stress tolerance __knowledge__ In nature or crop fields, water is often the most limiting factor for plant growth.", "Breeding for drought stress tolerance __knowledge__ If plants do not receive adequate rainfall or irrigation, the resulting dehydration stress can reduce growth more than all other environmental stresses combined.", "Breeding for drought stress tolerance __knowledge__ Drought can be defined as the absence of rainfall or irrigation for a period of time sufficient to deplete soil moisture and cause dehydration in plant tissues.", "Breeding for drought stress tolerance __knowledge__ Dehydration stress results when water loss from the plant exceeds the ability of the plant's roots to absorb water and when the plant's water content is reduced enough to interfere with normal plant processes.", "New York City Department of Education __knowledge__ The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system.", "New York City Department of Education __knowledge__ The City School District of the City of New York (the New York City public schools) is the largest school system in the United States, with over 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools.", "New York City Department of Education __knowledge__ The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of nearly 25 billion dollars.", "New York City Department of Education __knowledge__ The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and New York City Schools Chancellor.", "New York City Department of Education __knowledge__ The current chancellor is Carmen Fariña." ] ]

[ 4, 0, 7 ]

[ "I love hiking! In Australia we call it bushwalking.", "I am sure to pack lots of water and a healthy snack. Have to prevent dehydration!", "I enjoy hiking on any recreational trail that I can find. I really enjoy discovering new ones and would one day like to hike in the mountains." ]

[ "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking" ]

[ "Overwatch (video game)\nHave you played the game, Overwatch? It's a game produced by Blizzard.", "You really need to try it. It's a 6 versus 6 shooter game and you can choose different classes within the game. ", "It's solely PVP, there is no PVE content. It's gotten a lot of attention recently and even has it's own e-sports league.", "Yep - all the players get professional contracts and gaming houses. I think it's just the start of something new - eventually it will be as big as the NBA.", "You and me alike. My dream is to be an eSports professional gamer and stream on Twitch in my spare time." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is a team-based first-person shooter developed by Blizzard Entertainment and released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in June 2016.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The game, while having several different play modes, generally features two teams of six players each, selecting pre-made heroes from the game's roster, to either attack or defend various objective points on the game's maps.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The game supports causal game modes as well as ranked competitive play.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ Since release, \"Overwatch\" has been both critically and financially successful, with a player base of 35 million players as of October 2017.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The development of \"Overwatch\" started in the fallout following Blizzard's decision to cancel continued development of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\" around 2013.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ The team-based first person shooter video game \"Overwatch\", developed by Blizzard Entertainment and released in May 2016, features 26 playable characters (heroes) and a number of supporting characters as part of the game's narrative, which is told through animated media and digital comics outside of the game.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ The story of \"Overwatch\" takes place on Earth in the \"near future\" in the years after the \"Omnic Crisis,\" a period in which robots (called \"omnics\") rose up in rebellion worldwide, and the United Nations formed an elite group called Overwatch to combat them.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ Overwatch was disbanded years later under a cloud of suspicion, but its former members have returned to the fore in light of new threats to humanity.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ The Overwatch League (abbreviated as OWL) is a professional eSports league for the video game \"Overwatch\", developed by Blizzard Entertainment which also oversees the League.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ The Overwatch League aims to follow the model of traditional North American professional sports, using a set of permanent teams and regular season play, rather than the use of promotion and relegation used commonly in other eSports leagues.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ Each team franchise is backed by an owner, and players that are signed onto the team are assured a minimum annual salary, benefits, and a portion of winnings and revenue-sharing based on how that team performs in the season.", "Tracer (Overwatch) __knowledge__ Tracer (also known by her real name, Lena Oxton) is a player character appearing in the 2016 video game \"Overwatch\", a Blizzard Entertainment–developed first-person shooter, and its related animated and literary media.", "Tracer (Overwatch) __knowledge__ Tracer is from the \"Overwatch\" universe, but she was first introduced as a playable character in an April 2016 update for Blizzard's crossover multiplayer online battle arena game, \"Heroes of the Storm\", a month before \"Overwatch\"s official release.", "Tracer (Overwatch) __knowledge__ The character, who is of British origin, has been noted by video game outlets to be both peppy and energetic.", "Tracer (Overwatch) __knowledge__ In-game, Tracer is weak in terms of health but is highly mobile, making use of her teleportation and time traveling abilities.", "Overwatch animated media __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment released several computer-generated cinematic trailers and teasers, as well as animated shorts, to promote and develop the story for their 2016 first-person shooter video game, \"Overwatch\".", "Overwatch animated media __knowledge__ The shorts have been met with positive reception from fans and online publications alike.", "Overwatch animated media __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\"s animated media is interconnected, taking place in the same continuity.", "Overwatch animated media __knowledge__ Through this animated media, in conjunction with comics and fictional news reports, Blizzard developed the story of \"Overwatch\", rather than including it in the video game.", "Overwatch animated media __knowledge__ Within the video game, the story is instead \"hinted at through environments and character quips, with each individual personality reacting to the events of the battle in their own way,\" as Kirk McKeand of \"The Telegraph\" detailed.", "Overwatch and pornography __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment's 2016 video game \"Overwatch\" inspired a notable amount of fan-made pornography.", "Overwatch and pornography __knowledge__ The game's distinct and colorful character designs drew attention of a large number of online content creators, resulting in sexually explicit fanart.", "Overwatch and pornography __knowledge__ Character models were ripped from the beta versions of the game and subsequently spread, edited, and animated on the Internet.", "Overwatch and pornography __knowledge__ Short pornographic videos featuring official character models animated through Source Filmmaker are popular on websites such as Pornhub and YouPorn, and sexualized imagery is spread freely through Tumblr and Reddit.", "Overwatch and pornography __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" pornography usually consists of short pieces of video featuring characters such as Tracer, Widowmaker, and Mei." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "Sodium (PlayStation Home) __knowledge__ Sodium was a massively multiplayer online game that was based in and exclusive to the PlayStation 3's online community-based social gaming network PlayStation Home.", "Sodium (PlayStation Home) __knowledge__ \"Sodium\" was a planned four-part series of games, only two of which were released by the time of Home's closure.", "Sodium (PlayStation Home) __knowledge__ It was developed by Outso, a developing company that developed spaces and content for Home, and it was published by Lockwood Publishing, who had published other content for Home.", "Sodium (PlayStation Home) __knowledge__ The first part, \"Sodium One\", was released on December 17, to the European and North American versions of Home.", "Sodium (PlayStation Home) __knowledge__ It was later released in the Japanese and Asian versions on June 17, 2010 and July 29, 2010 respectively.", "Constraint satisfaction dual problem __knowledge__ The dual problem is a reformulation of a constraint satisfaction problem expressing each constraint of the original problem as a variable.", "Constraint satisfaction dual problem __knowledge__ Dual problems only contain binary constraints, and are therefore solvable by algorithms tailored for such problems.", "Constraint satisfaction dual problem __knowledge__ The join graphs and join trees of a constraint satisfaction problem are graphs representing its dual problem or a problem obtained from the dual problem removing some redundant constraints.", "Constraint satisfaction dual problem __knowledge__ The dual problem of a constraint satisfaction problem contains a variable for each constraint of the original problem.", "Constraint satisfaction dual problem __knowledge__ Its domains and constraints are built so to enforce a sort of equivalence to the original problem.", "Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction) __knowledge__ In constraint satisfaction, a decomposition method translates a constraint satisfaction problem into another constraint satisfaction problem that is binary and acyclic.", "Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction) __knowledge__ Decomposition methods work by grouping variables into sets, and solving a subproblem for each set.", "Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction) __knowledge__ These translations are done because solving binary acyclic problems is a tractable problem.", "Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction) __knowledge__ Each structural restriction defined a measure of complexity of solving the problem after conversion; this measure is called \"width\".", "Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction) __knowledge__ Fixing a maximal allowed width is a way for identifying a subclass of constraint satisfaction problems.", "Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction) __knowledge__ Solving problems in this class is polynomial for most decompositions; if this holds for a decomposition, the class of fixed-width problems form a tractable subclass of constraint satisfaction problems.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is a team-based first-person shooter developed by Blizzard Entertainment and released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in June 2016.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The game, while having several different play modes, generally features two teams of six players each, selecting pre-made heroes from the game's roster, to either attack or defend various objective points on the game's maps.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The game supports causal game modes as well as ranked competitive play.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ Since release, \"Overwatch\" has been both critically and financially successful, with a player base of 35 million players as of October 2017.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The development of \"Overwatch\" started in the fallout following Blizzard's decision to cancel continued development of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\" around 2013.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ It was released worldwide on September 9, 2014, for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One consoles.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ \"Destiny\" marked Bungie's first new console franchise since the \"Halo\" series, and it was the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Set in a \"mythic science fiction\" world, the game features a multiplayer \"shared-world\" environment with elements of role-playing games.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Activities in \"Destiny\" are divided among player versus environment (PvE) and player versus player (PvP) game types.", "Star Wars: The Old Republic __knowledge__ Star Wars: The Old Republic is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) based in the \"Star Wars\" universe.", "Star Wars: The Old Republic __knowledge__ Developed by BioWare Austin and a supplemental team at BioWare Edmonton, the game was announced on October 21, 2008.", "Star Wars: The Old Republic __knowledge__ The video game was released for the Microsoft Windows platform on December 20, 2011 in North America and part of Europe.", "Star Wars: The Old Republic __knowledge__ Early access to the game began one week before release, on December 13, 2011, for those who had pre-ordered the game online; access opened in \"waves\" based on pre-order date.", "Star Wars: The Old Republic __knowledge__ This story takes place in the Star Wars fictional universe shortly after the establishment of a tenuous peace between the re-emergent Sith Empire and the Galactic Republic.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ The 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump was formally launched on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump was the Republican nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election, having won the most state primaries, caucuses, and delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ He chose Mike Pence, the sitting Governor of Indiana, as his vice presidential running mate.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ On November 8, 2016, Trump and Pence were elected president and vice president of the United States.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump's populist positions in opposition to illegal immigration and various trade agreements, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, earned him support especially among voters who were male, white, blue-collar and those without college degrees.", "Political positions of Donald Trump __knowledge__ The policy positions of United States President Donald Trump have elements from across the political spectrum.", "Political positions of Donald Trump __knowledge__ For example, he has proposed sizable income tax cuts and deregulation consistent with conservative (Republican Party) policies, along with significant infrastructure investment and protection for entitlements for the elderly, typically considered liberal (Democratic Party) policies.", "Political positions of Donald Trump __knowledge__ His anti-globalization policies of trade protectionism and immigration reduction cross party lines.", "Political positions of Donald Trump __knowledge__ Trump has said that he is \"totally flexible on very, very many issues.\"", "Political positions of Donald Trump __knowledge__ Trump's \"signature issue\" is immigration, especially illegal immigration, and in particular building or expanding a border wall between the U.S. and Mexico.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "List of EastEnders characters (2016) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2016, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2016) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins, or his successor Sean O'Connor.", "List of EastEnders characters (2016) __knowledge__ In January, Kyle Slater's close friend Sophie Dodd (Poppy Rush) and Stacey Branning's (Lacey Turner) psychiatric nurse Dr Delia Forde were both introduced.", "List of EastEnders characters (2016) __knowledge__ Joel Reynolds' brother Tim Reynolds, Jay Brown's (Jamie Borthwick) love interest Linzi Bragg (Amy-Leigh Hickman), Linzi's mother Thelma Bragg (Lorraine Stanley), Jordan Johnson's son JJ Johnson and Claudette Hubbard's (Ellen Thomas) foster son Linford Short (Leon Lopez) all made their first appearances in February.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ It was released on July 29, 2015.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ It is the first version of Windows that receives ongoing feature updates.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Devices in enterprise environments can receive these updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their ten-year lifespan of extended support.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as \"universal apps\"; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical codeincluding PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality.", "Same-sex marriage __knowledge__ Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is marriage between people of the same sex, either as a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting.", "Same-sex marriage __knowledge__ The term marriage equality refers to a political status in which same-sex marriage and opposite-sex marriage are considered legally equal.", "Same-sex marriage __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, rites of marriage for same-sex couples without legal recognition became increasingly common.", "Same-sex marriage __knowledge__ The first law providing for marriage of people of the same sex in modern times was enacted in 2000 in the Netherlands and came into force in 2001. , same-sex marriage is legally recognized (nationwide or in some parts) in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "Guild Wars Nightfall __knowledge__ Guild Wars Nightfall is a fantasy action role-playing game and the third stand-alone campaign in the \"Guild Wars\" series developed by ArenaNet, a subsidiary of NCSOFT corporation.", "Guild Wars Nightfall __knowledge__ \"Nightfall\" was released worldwide on October 27, 2006 after beginning in development in November 2005.", "Guild Wars Nightfall __knowledge__ \"Nightfall\" takes place in the continent of Elona in the \"Guild Wars\" universe.", "Guild Wars Nightfall __knowledge__ It follows the player's character as they join the Order of the Sunspears and uncover the desire of Warmarshal Varesh to return a long forgotten god to the world through an event called Nightfall.", "Guild Wars Nightfall __knowledge__ The players, assisted by their hero allies, fight through civil war, ignorant Vabbi princes and Varesh's demon allies as they attempt to prevent the coming of Nightfall.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ Guild Wars is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) series developed by ArenaNet and published by NCSOFT.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ The games were critically well received and won many editor's choice awards, as well as awards such as Best Value, Best Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG), and Best Game.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ \"Guild Wars\" was noted for being one of the few commercially developed games in the MMORPG genre to offer online play without subscription fees, its instanced approach to MMORPG play, and the quality of the graphics and play for computers with low specifications.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ In April 2009, NCSoft announced that 6 million units of games in the \"Guild Wars\" series had been sold.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ It was released worldwide on September 9, 2014, for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One consoles.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ \"Destiny\" marked Bungie's first new console franchise since the \"Halo\" series, and it was the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Set in a \"mythic science fiction\" world, the game features a multiplayer \"shared-world\" environment with elements of role-playing games.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Activities in \"Destiny\" are divided among player versus environment (PvE) and player versus player (PvP) game types.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ Age of Empires Online is a multiplayer online real-time strategy game developed by Robot Entertainment and Gas Powered Games, which released on August 16, 2011.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ Based upon the gameplay of the \"Age of Empires\" series, it was originally developed by Robot Entertainment, but on February 24, 2011, Gas Powered Games, the creators of \"Supreme Commander\", took over production.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ The game was published by Microsoft.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ The game was free-to-play—it was free for users to play, though premium content could be earned or purchased, such as access to special items and blueprints, and more quests and features.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ On March 27, 2012, the game premiered on Steam after a major overhaul patch which addressed complaints of an \"MMO-like grind\" and many other features, along with the debut of the Celtic civilization.", "Player versus player __knowledge__ Player(s) versus player(s), better known as PvP, is a type of multiplayer interactive conflict within a game between two or more live participants.", "Player versus player __knowledge__ This is in contrast to games where players compete against computer-controlled opponents and/or players, which is referred to as player versus environment (PvE).", "Player versus player __knowledge__ The terms are most often used in games where both activities exist, particularly MMORPGs, MUDs, and other role-playing video games.", "Player versus player __knowledge__ PvP can be broadly used to describe any game, or aspect of a game, where players compete against each other.", "Player versus player __knowledge__ PvP is often controversial when used in role-playing games.", "Destiny post-release content __knowledge__ There are four pieces of downloadable content (DLC) that were released for Bungie's 2014 first-person shooter video game Destiny.", "Destiny post-release content __knowledge__ Each package of downloadable content added new player versus environment (PvE) missions and player versus player (PvP) modes, new locales to visit, and new items for the player to make use of.", "Destiny post-release content __knowledge__ The first expansion was \"The Dark Below\" in December 2014, which was followed by \"House of Wolves\" in May 2015.", "Destiny post-release content __knowledge__ The third, \"\", was released in September 2015 and had the largest effect on the game, as it changed much of the core gameplay.", "Destiny post-release content __knowledge__ Upon the release of the third expansion, retailers issued \"Destiny: The Taken King Legendary Edition\", which included \"Destiny\" and all DLC up to and including \"The Taken King\".", "Guild Wars (video game) __knowledge__ Guild Wars is a massively multiplayer online action role-playing game developed by ArenaNet, a subsidiary of South Korean game publisher NCSOFT.", "Guild Wars (video game) __knowledge__ As the original installment of the \"Guild Wars\" series, its campaign was retroactively titled Prophecies to differentiate it from the content of subsequent releases.", "Guild Wars (video game) __knowledge__ The game contains a co-operative role-playing portion and a competitive Player versus Player (PvP) portion.", "Guild Wars (video game) __knowledge__ In PvP, players may use either their co-operative characters or PvP-exclusive characters who are inherently maximum level and have account-based access to unlocked content.", "Guild Wars (video game) __knowledge__ Players use a 3D avatar to interact with the world around them.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ Destiny 2 is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ It was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on September 6, 2017, followed by a Microsoft Windows version the following month.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2014's \"Destiny\" and its subsequent expansions.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ Set in a \"mythic science fiction\" world, the game features a multiplayer \"shared-world\" environment with elements of role-playing games.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ Players assume the role of a Guardian, protectors of Earth's last safe city as they wield a power called Light to protect the Last City from different alien races." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ The NBA salary cap is the limit to the total amount of money that National Basketball Association teams are allowed to pay their players.", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ Like many professional sports leagues, the NBA has a salary cap to control costs, defined by the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA).", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ This limit is subject to a complex system of rules and exceptions and as such is considered a \"soft\" cap and is calculated as a percentage of the league's revenue from the previous season.", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ Under the CBA ratified in December 2011, the cap will continue to vary in future seasons based on league revenues.", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ For the 2015–16 season, the salary cap was $70 million and the luxury tax limit was $84.74 million.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "David Falk __knowledge__ David B. Falk (born 1950) is an American sports agent who primarily works with basketball players in the National Basketball Association.", "David Falk __knowledge__ Falk began his career representing professional tennis players for Donald Dell's ProServ and is best known for representing sports icon Michael Jordan for the entirety of Jordan's career.", "David Falk __knowledge__ Besides Jordan, Falk has represented more than 100 other NBA players, and is generally considered to be the most influential player agent the NBA has seen.", "David Falk __knowledge__ During the peak years of Falk's career in the 1990s, he was often considered the second-most powerful person in the NBA behind Commissioner David Stern, and in 2000 he had at least one client on all but two NBA teams.", "Wilt Chamberlain __knowledge__ Wilton Norman Chamberlain (August 21, 1936 – October 12, 1999) was an American basketball player.", "Wilt Chamberlain __knowledge__ He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA); he played for the University of Kansas and also for the Harlem Globetrotters before playing in the NBA.", "Wilt Chamberlain __knowledge__ The 7 foot 1 inch Chamberlain weighed 250 pounds as a rookie before bulking up to 275 and eventually to over 300 pounds with the Lakers.", "Wilt Chamberlain __knowledge__ He played the center position and is widely considered one of the greatest and most dominant players in NBA history.", "Online poker __knowledge__ Online poker is the game of poker played over the Internet.", "Online poker __knowledge__ It has been partly responsible for a huge increase in the number of poker players worldwide.", "Online poker __knowledge__ Christiansen Capital Advisors stated online poker revenues grew from $82.7 million in 2001 to $2.4 billion in 2005, while a survey carried out by DrKW and Global Betting and Gaming Consultants asserted online poker revenues in 2004 were at $1.4 billion.", "Online poker __knowledge__ In a testimony before the United States Senate regarding Internet Gaming, Grant Eve, a Certified Public Accountant representing the US Accounting Firm Joseph Eve, Certified Public Accountants, estimated that one in every four dollars gambled is gambled online.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "ESports __knowledge__ eSports (also known as electronic sports, esports, e-sports, competitive (video) gaming, professional (video) gaming, or pro gaming) is a form of competition using video games.", "ESports __knowledge__ Most commonly, eSports take the form of organized, multiplayer video game competitions, particularly between professional players.", "ESports __knowledge__ The most common video game genres associated with eSports are real-time strategy, fighting, first-person shooter (FPS), and multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA).", "ESports __knowledge__ Tournaments such as The International, the \"League of Legends\" World Championship, the Evolution Championship Series and the Intel Extreme Masters provide live broadcasts of the competition, and prize money to competitors.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ The Amazing Race is a reality television game show in which teams of two people race around the world in competition with other teams.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Contestants strive to arrive first at \"Pit Stops\" at the end of each leg of the race to win prizes and to avoid coming in last, which carries the possibility of elimination or a significant disadvantage in the following leg.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Contestants travel to and within multiple countries in a variety of transportation modes, including airplanes, hot air balloons, helicopters, trucks, bicycles, taxicabs, cars, trains, buses, boats, and by foot.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Clues provided in each leg lead the teams to the next destination or direct them to perform a task, either together or by a single member.", "NCAA Football (series) __knowledge__ NCAA Football was an American football video game series developed by EA Sports in which players control and compete against current Division I FBS college teams.", "NCAA Football (series) __knowledge__ The series is a younger brother to the \"Madden NFL\" series.", "NCAA Football (series) __knowledge__ In July 2014, the NCAA announced that it would not renew its licensing contract with Electronic Arts because of an ongoing legal dispute regarding the use of player likenesses in the games.", "NCAA Football (series) __knowledge__ However, this contract only covers the use of the NCAA name and related logos, not those of individual schools and conferences, which are negotiated individually or through the Collegiate Licensing Company.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Nashville Sounds are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ They are located in Nashville, Tennessee, and are named for the city's association with the music industry.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at First Tennessee Park which opened in 2015 and is partially located on the site of the historic Sulphur Dell ballpark.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Sounds previously played at Herschel Greer Stadium from its opening in 1978 until the end of the 2014 season.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ Established as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League in 1978, the Sounds were replaced by a Triple-A American Association team in 1985.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The following episodes are the episode list for Endurance.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Episode seven, fifteen, and sixteen are specials.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The seventh episode recaps the events of the first six days of the competition.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The fifteenth and the sixteenth episodes reunites the cast nearly one year since the series has started.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ In the series premiere, 20 strangers arrive on an island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean, where they meet the host, J.D.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Roth, who explains the rules to them: every day, there will be a mission that will give one of seven teams a Pyramid Piece, an important item needed to win the game (the pieces are Courage, Heart, Knoweledge, Leadership, Commitment, Perseverance, Trust, Discipline, Strength, and Luck), and the following day features a Temple Mission, which gives the winning team a chance to send two other teams to the Temple of Fate, where one team is eliminated.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel Eleven.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in the show in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the shows executive producer Jason Herbison.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ The 33rd season of \"Neighbours\" began airing from 9 January 2017.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ Andrea and Willow Somers made their debuts during the same month.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ Teacher Finn Kelly was introduced during March, while Dipi, Kirsha and Yashvi Rebecchi, along with Dipi's sister Mishti Sharma, arrived in April.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ Jeremy Newell and Mannix Foster appeared in June." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "ESports __knowledge__ eSports (also known as electronic sports, esports, e-sports, competitive (video) gaming, professional (video) gaming, or pro gaming) is a form of competition using video games.", "ESports __knowledge__ Most commonly, eSports take the form of organized, multiplayer video game competitions, particularly between professional players.", "ESports __knowledge__ The most common video game genres associated with eSports are real-time strategy, fighting, first-person shooter (FPS), and multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA).", "ESports __knowledge__ Tournaments such as The International, the \"League of Legends\" World Championship, the Evolution Championship Series and the Intel Extreme Masters provide live broadcasts of the competition, and prize money to competitors.", "Twitch.tv __knowledge__ Twitch is a live streaming video platform owned by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon.com.", "Twitch.tv __knowledge__ Introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the general-interest streaming platform, Justin.tv, the site primarily focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of eSports competitions, in addition to creative content, \"real life\" streams, and more recently, music broadcasts.", "Twitch.tv __knowledge__ Content on the site can either be viewed live or via video on demand.", "Twitch.tv __knowledge__ The popularity of Twitch would eclipse that of its general-interest counterpart; in October 2013, the website had 45 million unique viewers, and by February 2014, it was considered the fourth largest source of peak Internet traffic in the United States.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ In video games, skin gambling is the use of virtual goods, which are most commonly cosmetic elements such as \"skins\" which have no direct influence on gameplay, as virtual currency to bet on the outcome of professional matches or on other games of chance.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ It primarily has occurred within the player community for the game \"\" by Valve Corporation, but practice of it exists in other game communities.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ Valve also runs the Steam marketplace which can be interfaced by third-parties to enable trading, buying, and selling of skins from players' Steam inventories for real-world or digital currency, though Valve itself condemns the gambling practices and such activity violates Steam's Terms of Service.", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ Jang Jae-ho (known as spirit_moon or moon, born December 14, 1986) is a South Korean professional gamer of the popular Blizzard real-time strategy games \"Warcraft III\" and \"StarCraft II\".", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ He is seen by many as the best Night Elf player in the world.", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ Jang Jae-ho is a five time world champion and has won three televised national Korean WarCraft III Championships as well as four seasons of MBCGame's World War.", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ He is particularly known for his excellent micromanagement and innovative strategies.", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ He is often seen using strategies that later set the benchmark for many Night Elf players and was nicknamed the \"5th Race\" by Gametv.com.", "Dota 2 __knowledge__ Dota 2 is a free-to-play multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game developed and published by Valve Corporation.", "Dota 2 __knowledge__ The game is the stand-alone sequel to \"Defense of the Ancients\" (\"DotA\"), which was a community-created mod for Blizzard Entertainment's \"\" and its expansion pack, \"\".", "Dota 2 __knowledge__ \"Dota 2\" is played in matches between two teams of five players, with each team occupying and defending their own separate base on the map.", "Dota 2 __knowledge__ Each of the ten players independently controls a powerful character, known as a \"hero\", who all have unique abilities and differing styles of play.", "Dota 2 __knowledge__ During a match, players collect experience points and items for their heroes to successfully battle the opposing team's heroes, who attempt to do the same to them.", "Chun Jung-hee __knowledge__ Chun Jung-hee ( is a retired South Korean professional player of the real-time strategy game \"\".", "Chun Jung-hee __knowledge__ He used to play for the Chinese professional gaming team Beijing eSport Team.", "Chun Jung-hee __knowledge__ He goes by the gamertag of Sweet (previously nOma) and is a member of clan WeRRa.", "Chun Jung-hee __knowledge__ He has been recognized among the top tier of \"Warcraft III\" players since the beginning of the professional competitive scene and has won two world championships as well as several professional events in South Korea.", "Chun Jung-hee __knowledge__ After finished his military duty, he became coach of the Jin Air Greenwings \"League of Legends\" team.", "Chun Jung-hee __knowledge__ After the release of \"Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos\" in 2002 Jung Hee Chun rose to quickly be noticed as one of the strongest players in the South Korean scene, which was at the time known as the most competitive gaming scene in the world.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ The Overwatch League (abbreviated as OWL) is a professional eSports league for the video game \"Overwatch\", developed by Blizzard Entertainment which also oversees the League.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ The Overwatch League aims to follow the model of traditional North American professional sports, using a set of permanent teams and regular season play, rather than the use of promotion and relegation used commonly in other eSports leagues.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ Each team franchise is backed by an owner, and players that are signed onto the team are assured a minimum annual salary, benefits, and a portion of winnings and revenue-sharing based on how that team performs in the season.", "Recognition of eSports as a form of legitimate sports __knowledge__ Video game-facilitated competition, commonly known as eSports, has been practiced ever since the inception of video games, and surged in popularity in the 21st century.", "Recognition of eSports as a form of legitimate sports __knowledge__ Whether or not eSports is a legitimate form of sports or not is a controversial issue.", "Recognition of eSports as a form of legitimate sports __knowledge__ Proponents often state that the skill and planning required to perform in eSports is comparable of any other sport, while opponents believe that competition not involving significant physical activity cannot qualify as a sport.", "Recognition of eSports as a form of legitimate sports __knowledge__ eSports, usually among professional gamers, refers to an umbrella term for organized competitive computer gaming, which has been in existence since the 1970s.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ Esports: video games which are played in professional competitions, usually fall into a few major genres.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ The majority of eSports titles are fighting games, first-person shooters (FPS), real-time strategy (RTS), or multiplayer online battle arena games (MOBA), with the MOBA genre being the most popular in terms of participation and viewership.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ The following is a selection of games which currently have or had a professional scene, sorted by genre and ordered roughly chronologically.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ Fighting games were among the earliest games to be in tournaments, with the founding of what would become the Evolution Championship Series in 1999.", "Gamer __knowledge__ A gamer is a person who plays interactive games, either video games, board games, skill-based card games or physical games, and plays for usually long periods of time.", "Gamer __knowledge__ (In some countries, such as the UK, the term \"gaming\" can also refer to legalized gambling, which can take both traditional tabletop and digital forms.)", "Gamer __knowledge__ There are many different gamer communities around the world.", "Gamer __knowledge__ Since the advent of the internet, many communities take the form of Internet forums or YouTube/Twitch virtual communities, as well as in-person social clubs.", "Gamer __knowledge__ In the United States, the average video game player is 30 years old and has been playing video games for over 12 years.", "Professional Gamers League __knowledge__ The AMD Professional Gamers League (PGL), founded around 1997, was one of the first professional computer gaming eSports leagues.", "Professional Gamers League __knowledge__ The PGL was run by Total Entertainment Network and was sponsored by AMD The first professional tournament they held was for \"StarCraft\" in September 1997.", "Professional Gamers League __knowledge__ The league was official unveiled at a press conference at Candlestick Park in San Francisco on November 3, 1997.", "Professional Gamers League __knowledge__ It was sponsored by Microsoft, Nvidia, and Levi Strauss & Co..", "Professional Gamers League __knowledge__ The organization raised over $1.2mil USD in sponsorship money.", "Professional Gamers League __knowledge__ Nearly 1,400 players took part in the first \"Quake\" tournament, which took place online.", "Lim Yo-hwan __knowledge__ Lim Yo-hwan (born 4 September 1980), known by the ID SlayerS_`BoxeR` (usually shortened to BoxeR), is a former professional player of the real-time strategy computer game \"StarCraft\".", "Lim Yo-hwan __knowledge__ He is often referred to as The Terran Emperor (), or simply \"The Emperor\", and is widely considered to be one of the most successful players of the genre as well as an esports icon.", "Lim Yo-hwan __knowledge__ In late 2010, he retired from StarCraft: Brood War and founded the \"StarCraft II\" team SlayerS.", "Lim Yo-hwan __knowledge__ Since the disbanding of SlayerS, he briefly returned to SK Telecom T1 (SK T1) as a coach before retiring due to health related issues.", "Lim Yo-hwan __knowledge__ He is currently a professional poker player." ] ]

[ 2, 34, 31, 36, 15 ]

[ "No, but I know it came out on all platforms in May 2016.", "Is it anything like Destiny where there is PVE and PVP?", "Oh that is cool. So you are competing against another team of real players then. Sounds fun.", "Awesome! So eSports is a competitive league of professional gamers? I have a new career goal now.", "I like Twitch too. I think it is cool you can watch live or go back and view if you miss the live stream." ]

[ "Overwatch (video game)", "Overwatch (video game)", "Overwatch (video game)", "Overwatch (video game)", "Overwatch (video game)" ]

[ "Overview of gun laws by nation\nWhat are the gun laws like where you are from? ", "Which state has the strictest gun laws?", "How many mass shootings are there a year? ", "How many people constitute a mass shooting? ", "Sounds like stronger gun control is needed. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws and policies (collectively referred to as firearms regulation or gun control) regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification and use of small arms by civilians.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Many countries have restrictive firearm policies, while a few have permissive ones.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries with a strong gun culture may afford civilians a right to keep and bear arms, and have more-liberal gun laws than neighboring jurisdictions.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries which regulate access to firearms will typically restrict access to certain categories of firearms and then restrict the categories of persons who may be granted a license for access to such firearms.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ There may be separate licenses for hunting, sport shooting ( target shooting), self-defense, collecting, and concealed carry, with different sets of requirements, permissions, and responsibilities.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws are often enacted with the intention of reducing the use of small arms in criminal activity, specifying weapons capable of inflicting the greatest damage (such as fully automatic firearms) and those most-easily concealed (such as handguns and other short-barreled weapons).", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Persons restricted from legal access to firearms may include those below a certain age or having a criminal record.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Gun politics is an area of American politics that is defined primarily by the actions of two groups: gun control and gun rights activists.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ These groups often disagree on the interpretation of laws and court cases related to firearms as well as about the effects of gun control on crime and public safety.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ It has been estimated that U.S. civilians own 270 million to 310 million firearms, and that 35% to 42% of the households in the country have at least one gun.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, debates regarding firearm availability and gun violence in the United States have been characterized by concerns about the right to bear arms, such as found in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the responsibility of the government to serve the needs of its citizens and to prevent crime and deaths.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Gun control (or firearms regulation) is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Most countries have a restrictive firearm guiding policy, with only a few legislations being categorized as permissive.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Jurisdictions that regulate access to firearms typically restrict access to only certain categories of firearms and then to restrict the categories of persons who will be granted a firearms license to have access to a firearm.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Gun control refers to domestic regulation of firearm manufacture, trade, possession, use, and transport, specifically with regard to the class of weapons referred to as small arms (revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, assault rifles, submachine guns and light machine guns).", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Gun laws in Australia are mainly the jurisdiction of the country's states and territories, with the importation of guns regulated by the Federal Government.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Firearms were introduced into Australia with European settlement on 26 January 1788.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ The colony of New South Wales was initially a penal settlement, with the military garrison being armed.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Firearms were also used for hunting, protection of persons and crops, in crime and fighting crime, and in many military engagements.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ In the last two decades of the century, following several high-profile killing sprees, the Federal Government coordinated more restrictive firearms legislation with all state governments.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Gun violence in the United States results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens), and 33,636 deaths due to \"injury by firearms\" (10.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. citizens).", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides, 21,175 suicides, 505 deaths due to accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm, and 281 deaths due to firearms use with \"undetermined intent\".", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Of the 2,596,993 total deaths in the US in 2013, 1.3% were related to firearms.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ The ownership and control of guns are among the most widely debated issues in the country.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ Gun laws in California regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of California in the United States.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ The gun laws of California are some of the most restrictive in the United States.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ A 5-year Firearm Safety Certificate, obtained by paying a $25 fee, submission of applicant data to the state, and passing a written test proctored by a DOJ Certified Instructor, is required for the sale, delivery, loan, or transfer of any firearm.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ Handguns sold by dealers must be \"California legal\" by being listed on the state's Roster of Handguns Certified for Sale.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ This roster, which requires handgun manufacturers to pay a fee and submit specific models for safety testing, has become progressively more stringent over time and is currently the subject of a federal civil rights lawsuit on the basis that it is a \"de facto\" ban on new handgun models.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ The Nazi gun control theory is counterfactual history, which is a form of history that attempts to answer \"what if\" questions known as counterfactuals.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ According to this theory, the gun regulations enforced by the Third Reich rendered victims of the Holocaust weaker to such an extent that they could have more effectively resisted oppression if they had been armed or better armed.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ This theory is prevalent and primarily used within U.S. gun politics.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ Questions about its validity, and about the motives behind its inception, have been raised by scholars.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ Proponents in the United States have used it as part of a \"security against tyranny\" argument, while opponents have referred to it as a form of \"Reductio ad Hitlerum\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws and policies (collectively referred to as firearms regulation or gun control) regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification and use of small arms by civilians.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Many countries have restrictive firearm policies, while a few have permissive ones.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries with a strong gun culture may afford civilians a right to keep and bear arms, and have more-liberal gun laws than neighboring jurisdictions.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries which regulate access to firearms will typically restrict access to certain categories of firearms and then restrict the categories of persons who may be granted a license for access to such firearms.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ There may be separate licenses for hunting, sport shooting ( target shooting), self-defense, collecting, and concealed carry, with different sets of requirements, permissions, and responsibilities.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws are often enacted with the intention of reducing the use of small arms in criminal activity, specifying weapons capable of inflicting the greatest damage (such as fully automatic firearms) and those most-easily concealed (such as handguns and other short-barreled weapons).", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Persons restricted from legal access to firearms may include those below a certain age or having a criminal record.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Gun control (or firearms regulation) is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Most countries have a restrictive firearm guiding policy, with only a few legislations being categorized as permissive.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Jurisdictions that regulate access to firearms typically restrict access to only certain categories of firearms and then to restrict the categories of persons who will be granted a firearms license to have access to a firearm.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Gun control refers to domestic regulation of firearm manufacture, trade, possession, use, and transport, specifically with regard to the class of weapons referred to as small arms (revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, assault rifles, submachine guns and light machine guns).", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Gun politics is an area of American politics that is defined primarily by the actions of two groups: gun control and gun rights activists.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ These groups often disagree on the interpretation of laws and court cases related to firearms as well as about the effects of gun control on crime and public safety.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ It has been estimated that U.S. civilians own 270 million to 310 million firearms, and that 35% to 42% of the households in the country have at least one gun.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, debates regarding firearm availability and gun violence in the United States have been characterized by concerns about the right to bear arms, such as found in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the responsibility of the government to serve the needs of its citizens and to prevent crime and deaths.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Gun laws in Australia are mainly the jurisdiction of the country's states and territories, with the importation of guns regulated by the Federal Government.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Firearms were introduced into Australia with European settlement on 26 January 1788.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ The colony of New South Wales was initially a penal settlement, with the military garrison being armed.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Firearms were also used for hunting, protection of persons and crops, in crime and fighting crime, and in many military engagements.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ In the last two decades of the century, following several high-profile killing sprees, the Federal Government coordinated more restrictive firearms legislation with all state governments.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Gun violence in the United States results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens), and 33,636 deaths due to \"injury by firearms\" (10.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. citizens).", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides, 21,175 suicides, 505 deaths due to accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm, and 281 deaths due to firearms use with \"undetermined intent\".", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Of the 2,596,993 total deaths in the US in 2013, 1.3% were related to firearms.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ The ownership and control of guns are among the most widely debated issues in the country.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ Gun laws in California regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of California in the United States.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ The gun laws of California are some of the most restrictive in the United States.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ A 5-year Firearm Safety Certificate, obtained by paying a $25 fee, submission of applicant data to the state, and passing a written test proctored by a DOJ Certified Instructor, is required for the sale, delivery, loan, or transfer of any firearm.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ Handguns sold by dealers must be \"California legal\" by being listed on the state's Roster of Handguns Certified for Sale.", "Gun laws in California __knowledge__ This roster, which requires handgun manufacturers to pay a fee and submit specific models for safety testing, has become progressively more stringent over time and is currently the subject of a federal civil rights lawsuit on the basis that it is a \"de facto\" ban on new handgun models.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ The Nazi gun control theory is counterfactual history, which is a form of history that attempts to answer \"what if\" questions known as counterfactuals.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ According to this theory, the gun regulations enforced by the Third Reich rendered victims of the Holocaust weaker to such an extent that they could have more effectively resisted oppression if they had been armed or better armed.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ This theory is prevalent and primarily used within U.S. gun politics.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ Questions about its validity, and about the motives behind its inception, have been raised by scholars.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ Proponents in the United States have used it as part of a \"security against tyranny\" argument, while opponents have referred to it as a form of \"Reductio ad Hitlerum\".", "Concealed carry in the United States __knowledge__ Concealed carry or carrying a concealed weapon (CCW), is the practice of carrying a weapon (such as a handgun) in public in a concealed manner, either on one's person or in close proximity.", "Concealed carry in the United States __knowledge__ Not all weapons that fall under CCW laws are lethal.", "Concealed carry in the United States __knowledge__ For example, in Florida, carrying pepper spray in more than a specified volume (2 oz.)", "Concealed carry in the United States __knowledge__ of chemical requires a CCW permit, whereas anyone may legally carry a smaller, “self-defense chemical spray” device hidden on their person without a CCW permit.", "Concealed carry in the United States __knowledge__ As of 2017 there have been 16.3 million concealed weapon permits issued in the United States.", "Concealed carry in the United States __knowledge__ There is no federal statutory law concerning the issuance of concealed-carry permits.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ AirSoft is considered to be a modern shooting sport.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ AirSoft guns themselves are legal in many parts of the world, although some countries, states, and cities have specific restrictions against the items.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ For example, California State Law states that peoples of all age can use these items, classing them as both tools, and toys.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ Public Advisory, however, is that anyone under 12 years of age should be under adult supervision.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ Safety regulations in many areas require bright markings on the items (such as an orange tip).", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ Although the rumor that AirSoft guns are a dangerous weapon, the reality is that they are but a toy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws and policies (collectively referred to as firearms regulation or gun control) regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification and use of small arms by civilians.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Many countries have restrictive firearm policies, while a few have permissive ones.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries with a strong gun culture may afford civilians a right to keep and bear arms, and have more-liberal gun laws than neighboring jurisdictions.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries which regulate access to firearms will typically restrict access to certain categories of firearms and then restrict the categories of persons who may be granted a license for access to such firearms.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ There may be separate licenses for hunting, sport shooting ( target shooting), self-defense, collecting, and concealed carry, with different sets of requirements, permissions, and responsibilities.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws are often enacted with the intention of reducing the use of small arms in criminal activity, specifying weapons capable of inflicting the greatest damage (such as fully automatic firearms) and those most-easily concealed (such as handguns and other short-barreled weapons).", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Persons restricted from legal access to firearms may include those below a certain age or having a criminal record.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ A mass shooting is an incident involving multiple victims of firearms-related violence.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ The United States' Congressional Research Service acknowledges that there is not a broadly accepted definition, and defines a \"public mass shooting\" as one in which four or more people selected indiscriminately, not including the perpetrator, are killed, echoing the FBI definition of the term \"mass murder\".", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ Another unofficial definition of a mass shooting is an event involving the shooting (not necessarily resulting in death) of five or more people with no cooling-off period.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ Related terms include school shooting and massacre.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ The United States has more mass shootings than any other country.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ A mass shooting is usually defined as a shooting resulting in at least four victims, excluding the perpetrator.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ When the definition is restricted to four or more people dead, data shows 146 mass shootings between 1967 and 2017, with an average of eight people dead including the perpetrator.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ The perpetrator generally either commits suicide or surrenders when confronted by armed individuals, be they law enforcement or, occasionally, armed citizens.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ The frequency in which mass shootings occur depends upon definition.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ In recent years, the number of public mass shootings has increased substantially, even though there has been a massive decrease in gun related deaths.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Gun laws in Australia are mainly the jurisdiction of the country's states and territories, with the importation of guns regulated by the Federal Government.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Firearms were introduced into Australia with European settlement on 26 January 1788.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ The colony of New South Wales was initially a penal settlement, with the military garrison being armed.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Firearms were also used for hunting, protection of persons and crops, in crime and fighting crime, and in many military engagements.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ In the last two decades of the century, following several high-profile killing sprees, the Federal Government coordinated more restrictive firearms legislation with all state governments.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Gun violence in the United States results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens), and 33,636 deaths due to \"injury by firearms\" (10.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. citizens).", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides, 21,175 suicides, 505 deaths due to accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm, and 281 deaths due to firearms use with \"undetermined intent\".", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Of the 2,596,993 total deaths in the US in 2013, 1.3% were related to firearms.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ The ownership and control of guns are among the most widely debated issues in the country.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting occurred on December 14, 2012, in Newtown, Connecticut, when 20-year-old Adam Lanza fatally shot 20 children between six and seven years old, as well as six adult staff members.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ Prior to driving to the school, he shot and killed his mother at their Newtown home.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ As first responders arrived at the scene, Lanza committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ The incident was the deadliest mass shooting at either a high school or grade school in U.S. history and the fourth-deadliest mass shooting by a single person in U.S. history.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ The shooting prompted renewed debate about gun control in the United States, including proposals for making the background-check system universal, and for new federal and state gun legislation banning the sale and manufacture of certain types of semi-automatic firearms and magazines with more than ten rounds of ammunition.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and \"incurably sick\", as well as political opponents, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, ethnic Poles, and Soviet prisoners of war.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ Germany implemented the persecution in stages.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Gun politics is an area of American politics that is defined primarily by the actions of two groups: gun control and gun rights activists.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ These groups often disagree on the interpretation of laws and court cases related to firearms as well as about the effects of gun control on crime and public safety.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ It has been estimated that U.S. civilians own 270 million to 310 million firearms, and that 35% to 42% of the households in the country have at least one gun.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, debates regarding firearm availability and gun violence in the United States have been characterized by concerns about the right to bear arms, such as found in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the responsibility of the government to serve the needs of its citizens and to prevent crime and deaths.", "Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50) __knowledge__ During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, German citizens and people of German ancestry were expelled from various Eastern European countries and sent to the remaining territory of Germany and Austria.", "Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50) __knowledge__ After 1950, some emigrated to the United States, Australia, and other countries from there.", "Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50) __knowledge__ The areas affected included the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union after the war, as well as Germans who were living within the prewar borders of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and the Baltic States.", "Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50) __knowledge__ The Nazis had made plans—only partially completed before the Nazi defeat—to remove many Slavic and Jewish people from Eastern Europe and settle the area with Germans.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) of 1948 as \"any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the groups conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.\"", "Eastern Front (World War II) __knowledge__ The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Northern, Southern and Central and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.", "Eastern Front (World War II) __knowledge__ It has been known as the Great Patriotic War (, \"Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna\") in the former Soviet Union, while in Germany it was called the Eastern Front (), the Eastern Campaign (\"der Ostfeldzug\"), the Russian Campaign (\"der Rußlandfeldzug\"), or the German-Soviet War by outside parties.", "Eastern Front (World War II) __knowledge__ The battles on the Eastern Front constituted the largest military confrontation in history.", "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation __knowledge__ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), also known as the Gates Foundation, is a private foundation founded by Bill and Melinda Gates.", "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation __knowledge__ It was launched in 2000, and is said to be the largest private foundation in the US, holding $38 billion in assets .", "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation __knowledge__ The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology.", "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation __knowledge__ The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill and Melinda Gates, and Warren Buffett.", "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation __knowledge__ Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann.", "HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).", "HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ Following initial infection, a person may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness.", "HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms.", "HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ As the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of common infections like tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors that rarely affect people who have working immune systems.", "Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans __knowledge__ Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans have been derived by either the compilation of registered dead and missing persons or by a comparison of pre-war and post-war population data.", "Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans __knowledge__ Estimates of the number of displaced Germans vary in the range of 12.0–16.5 million.", "Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans __knowledge__ The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2 million by the West German government in 1958 using the population balance method.", "Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans __knowledge__ German records which became public in 1987 have caused some historians in Germany to put the actual total at about 500,000 based on the listing of confirmed deaths.", "War in North-West Pakistan __knowledge__ The War in North-West Pakistan, also known as the War in Waziristan, is an armed conflict involving Pakistan, and armed militant groups such as the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Jundallah, Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI), TNSM, al-Qaeda, and their Central Asian allies such as the ISIL–Khorasan (ISIL), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, East Turkistan Movement, Emirate of Caucasus, and elements of organized crime.", "War in North-West Pakistan __knowledge__ The armed conflict began in 2004 when tensions rooted in the Pakistan Army's search for al-Qaeda fighters in Pakistan's mountainous Waziristan area (in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas) escalated into armed resistance." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws and policies (collectively referred to as firearms regulation or gun control) regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification and use of small arms by civilians.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Many countries have restrictive firearm policies, while a few have permissive ones.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries with a strong gun culture may afford civilians a right to keep and bear arms, and have more-liberal gun laws than neighboring jurisdictions.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries which regulate access to firearms will typically restrict access to certain categories of firearms and then restrict the categories of persons who may be granted a license for access to such firearms.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ There may be separate licenses for hunting, sport shooting ( target shooting), self-defense, collecting, and concealed carry, with different sets of requirements, permissions, and responsibilities.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws are often enacted with the intention of reducing the use of small arms in criminal activity, specifying weapons capable of inflicting the greatest damage (such as fully automatic firearms) and those most-easily concealed (such as handguns and other short-barreled weapons).", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Persons restricted from legal access to firearms may include those below a certain age or having a criminal record.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ A mass shooting is an incident involving multiple victims of firearms-related violence.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ The United States' Congressional Research Service acknowledges that there is not a broadly accepted definition, and defines a \"public mass shooting\" as one in which four or more people selected indiscriminately, not including the perpetrator, are killed, echoing the FBI definition of the term \"mass murder\".", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ Another unofficial definition of a mass shooting is an event involving the shooting (not necessarily resulting in death) of five or more people with no cooling-off period.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ Related terms include school shooting and massacre.", "Orlando nightclub shooting __knowledge__ On , 2016, Omar Mateen, a 29-year-old security guard, killed 49 people and wounded 58 others in a terrorist attack/hate crime inside Pulse, a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida, United States.", "Orlando nightclub shooting __knowledge__ He was shot and killed by Orlando Police Department (OPD) officers after a three-hour standoff.", "Orlando nightclub shooting __knowledge__ Pulse was hosting a \"Latin Night\" and thus most of the victims were Latinos.", "Orlando nightclub shooting __knowledge__ It is the deadliest incident of violence against LGBT people in U.S. history, and the deadliest terrorist attack in the U.S. since the September 11 attacks in 2001.", "Orlando nightclub shooting __knowledge__ At the time, it was the deadliest mass shooting by a single shooter in the U.S., being surpassed the following year by the Las Vegas shooting.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting occurred on December 14, 2012, in Newtown, Connecticut, when 20-year-old Adam Lanza fatally shot 20 children between six and seven years old, as well as six adult staff members.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ Prior to driving to the school, he shot and killed his mother at their Newtown home.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ As first responders arrived at the scene, Lanza committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ The incident was the deadliest mass shooting at either a high school or grade school in U.S. history and the fourth-deadliest mass shooting by a single person in U.S. history.", "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting __knowledge__ The shooting prompted renewed debate about gun control in the United States, including proposals for making the background-check system universal, and for new federal and state gun legislation banning the sale and manufacture of certain types of semi-automatic firearms and magazines with more than ten rounds of ammunition.", "2017 Las Vegas shooting __knowledge__ On the night of October 1, 2017, a gunman opened fire on a crowd of concertgoers at the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in , leaving 58 people dead and 851 injured.", "2017 Las Vegas shooting __knowledge__ Between 10:05 and 10:15p.m.", "2017 Las Vegas shooting __knowledge__ PDT, 64-year-old Stephen Paddock of Mesquite, Nevada, fired more than 1,100 rounds from his suite on the 32nd floor of the nearby Mandalay Bay hotel.", "2017 Las Vegas shooting __knowledge__ About an hour after he fired his last shot into the crowd of 22,000, he was found dead in his room from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.", "2017 Las Vegas shooting __knowledge__ His motive is unknown.", "2017 Las Vegas shooting __knowledge__ The incident is the deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the United States.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ The United States has more mass shootings than any other country.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ A mass shooting is usually defined as a shooting resulting in at least four victims, excluding the perpetrator.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ When the definition is restricted to four or more people dead, data shows 146 mass shootings between 1967 and 2017, with an average of eight people dead including the perpetrator.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ The perpetrator generally either commits suicide or surrenders when confronted by armed individuals, be they law enforcement or, occasionally, armed citizens.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ The frequency in which mass shootings occur depends upon definition.", "Mass shootings in the United States __knowledge__ In recent years, the number of public mass shootings has increased substantially, even though there has been a massive decrease in gun related deaths.", "Danzig Street shooting __knowledge__ The Danzig Street shooting or Danzig shooting was a Canadian gang-related shooting that occurred on the evening of 16 July 2012 at a block party on Danzig Street in the West Hill neighbourhood of Toronto.", "Danzig Street shooting __knowledge__ Three gunmen from rival gangs opened fire in a crowd of 200 people, resulting in the deaths of 23-year-old Joshua Yasay and 14-year-old Shyanne Charles, and the injury of twenty-four others, making it the worst mass shooting in Toronto.", "Danzig Street shooting __knowledge__ The incident made headlines around the world and renewed debate on gun crime in urban areas.", "Danzig Street shooting __knowledge__ Coming just six weeks after the Eaton Centre shooting, the subject dominated news coverage while a rapid series of shooting events followed, including a retaliatory shooting hours afterwards, two deadly shooting incidents in the city within three days and three shootings that Friday night, and reached a new peak when a lone gunman opened fire in a Colorado movie theatre, killing twelve.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Gun laws in Australia are mainly the jurisdiction of the country's states and territories, with the importation of guns regulated by the Federal Government.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Firearms were introduced into Australia with European settlement on 26 January 1788.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ The colony of New South Wales was initially a penal settlement, with the military garrison being armed.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ Firearms were also used for hunting, protection of persons and crops, in crime and fighting crime, and in many military engagements.", "Gun laws in Australia __knowledge__ In the last two decades of the century, following several high-profile killing sprees, the Federal Government coordinated more restrictive firearms legislation with all state governments.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Gun violence in the United States results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens), and 33,636 deaths due to \"injury by firearms\" (10.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. citizens).", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides, 21,175 suicides, 505 deaths due to accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm, and 281 deaths due to firearms use with \"undetermined intent\".", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Of the 2,596,993 total deaths in the US in 2013, 1.3% were related to firearms.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ The ownership and control of guns are among the most widely debated issues in the country.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Gun politics is an area of American politics that is defined primarily by the actions of two groups: gun control and gun rights activists.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ These groups often disagree on the interpretation of laws and court cases related to firearms as well as about the effects of gun control on crime and public safety.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ It has been estimated that U.S. civilians own 270 million to 310 million firearms, and that 35% to 42% of the households in the country have at least one gun.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, debates regarding firearm availability and gun violence in the United States have been characterized by concerns about the right to bear arms, such as found in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the responsibility of the government to serve the needs of its citizens and to prevent crime and deaths.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and \"incurably sick\", as well as political opponents, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, ethnic Poles, and Soviet prisoners of war.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ Germany implemented the persecution in stages.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ The West Perry School District is a midsized, public school district located in western Perry County, Pennsylvania.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ It encompasses over , covering virtually all of the western half of the county.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ As one of Perry County's four school districts, West Perry serves: the boroughs of Blain, New Bloomfield and Landisburg, as well as, Carroll Township, Centre Township, Jackson Township, Northeast Madison Township, Saville Township, Spring Township, Southwest Madison Township, Toboyne Township, and Tyrone Township, making it the largest school district in terms of area in Perry County.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ According to 2008 local census data, West Perry School District had a resident population of 17,101 people." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws and policies (collectively referred to as firearms regulation or gun control) regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification and use of small arms by civilians.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Many countries have restrictive firearm policies, while a few have permissive ones.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries with a strong gun culture may afford civilians a right to keep and bear arms, and have more-liberal gun laws than neighboring jurisdictions.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Countries which regulate access to firearms will typically restrict access to certain categories of firearms and then restrict the categories of persons who may be granted a license for access to such firearms.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ There may be separate licenses for hunting, sport shooting ( target shooting), self-defense, collecting, and concealed carry, with different sets of requirements, permissions, and responsibilities.", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Gun laws are often enacted with the intention of reducing the use of small arms in criminal activity, specifying weapons capable of inflicting the greatest damage (such as fully automatic firearms) and those most-easily concealed (such as handguns and other short-barreled weapons).", "Overview of gun laws by nation __knowledge__ Persons restricted from legal access to firearms may include those below a certain age or having a criminal record.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Gun politics is an area of American politics that is defined primarily by the actions of two groups: gun control and gun rights activists.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ These groups often disagree on the interpretation of laws and court cases related to firearms as well as about the effects of gun control on crime and public safety.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ It has been estimated that U.S. civilians own 270 million to 310 million firearms, and that 35% to 42% of the households in the country have at least one gun.", "Gun politics in the United States __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, debates regarding firearm availability and gun violence in the United States have been characterized by concerns about the right to bear arms, such as found in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the responsibility of the government to serve the needs of its citizens and to prevent crime and deaths.", "1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting __knowledge__ On December 7, 1993, as a Long Island Rail Road train pulled into the Merillon Avenue station in Garden City, New York, a passenger, identified as Colin Ferguson, pulled out a Ruger P89 9mm pistol and started firing at other passengers.", "1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting __knowledge__ He murdered six people and wounded nineteen others before being stopped by three of the passengers: Kevin Blum, Mark McEntee, and Mike O'Connor.", "1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting __knowledge__ Ferguson's trial was notable for a number of unusual developments, including his firing of his defense counsel and insisting on representing himself and questioning his own victims on the stand.", "1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting __knowledge__ On February 17, 1995, Ferguson was convicted of the six murders.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Gun control (or firearms regulation) is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Most countries have a restrictive firearm guiding policy, with only a few legislations being categorized as permissive.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Jurisdictions that regulate access to firearms typically restrict access to only certain categories of firearms and then to restrict the categories of persons who will be granted a firearms license to have access to a firearm.", "Gun control __knowledge__ Gun control refers to domestic regulation of firearm manufacture, trade, possession, use, and transport, specifically with regard to the class of weapons referred to as small arms (revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, assault rifles, submachine guns and light machine guns).", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Gun violence in the United States results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens), and 33,636 deaths due to \"injury by firearms\" (10.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. citizens).", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides, 21,175 suicides, 505 deaths due to accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm, and 281 deaths due to firearms use with \"undetermined intent\".", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ Of the 2,596,993 total deaths in the US in 2013, 1.3% were related to firearms.", "Gun violence in the United States __knowledge__ The ownership and control of guns are among the most widely debated issues in the country.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ The Nazi gun control theory is counterfactual history, which is a form of history that attempts to answer \"what if\" questions known as counterfactuals.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ According to this theory, the gun regulations enforced by the Third Reich rendered victims of the Holocaust weaker to such an extent that they could have more effectively resisted oppression if they had been armed or better armed.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ This theory is prevalent and primarily used within U.S. gun politics.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ Questions about its validity, and about the motives behind its inception, have been raised by scholars.", "Nazi gun control theory __knowledge__ Proponents in the United States have used it as part of a \"security against tyranny\" argument, while opponents have referred to it as a form of \"Reductio ad Hitlerum\".", "Tamika D. Mallory __knowledge__ Tamika D. Mallory is an activist, the founder of Mallory Consulting, and the national co-chair for the Women’s March.", "Tamika D. Mallory __knowledge__ She is an advocate for stronger gun restrictions, equal rights for women, health care, and ethical police conduct.", "Tamika D. Mallory __knowledge__ Mallory was born and raised by activists Stanley and Voncile Mallory in New York City.", "Tamika D. Mallory __knowledge__ She grew up in the Manhattanville Houses in Manhattan and moved to Co-Op City in the Bronx when she was 14.", "Tamika D. Mallory __knowledge__ Her parents were founding members of Reverend Al Sharpton’s National Action Network (NAN), a leading civil rights organization throughout the United States.", "Tamika D. Mallory __knowledge__ Their work in NAN influenced Mallory and her interests in social justice and civil rights.", "National Rifle Association __knowledge__ The National Rifle Association of America (NRA) is an American nonprofit organization that advocates for gun rights.", "National Rifle Association __knowledge__ Founded in 1871, the group has informed its members about firearm-related bills since 1934, and it has directly lobbied for and against legislation since 1975.", "National Rifle Association __knowledge__ It also claims to be the oldest continuously operating civil rights organization in the United States.", "National Rifle Association __knowledge__ Founded to advance rifle marksmanship, the modern NRA continues to teach firearm competency and safety.", "National Rifle Association __knowledge__ It instructs civilians and law enforcement, youths and adults, in various programs.", "National Rifle Association __knowledge__ The organization also publishes several magazines and sponsors competitive marksmanship events.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ A mass shooting is an incident involving multiple victims of firearms-related violence.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ The United States' Congressional Research Service acknowledges that there is not a broadly accepted definition, and defines a \"public mass shooting\" as one in which four or more people selected indiscriminately, not including the perpetrator, are killed, echoing the FBI definition of the term \"mass murder\".", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ Another unofficial definition of a mass shooting is an event involving the shooting (not necessarily resulting in death) of five or more people with no cooling-off period.", "Mass shooting __knowledge__ Related terms include school shooting and massacre.", "International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA __knowledge__ After the Central Intelligence Agency lost its role as the coordinator of the entire Intelligence Community (IC), special coordinating structures were created by each president to fit his administrative style and the perceived level of threat from terrorists during his term.", "International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA __knowledge__ The US has a different counter-terrorist structure than many of its close allies such as Australia, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom.", "International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA __knowledge__ Each has a structure that fits its particular legal system and culture.", "International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA __knowledge__ A contentious issue is whether there needs to be a domestic intelligence service separate from the FBI, which has had difficulty in breaking away from its law enforcement roots and cooperating with other intelligence services.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) of 1948 as \"any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the groups conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.\"", "Patriot Act __knowledge__ The USA PATRIOT Act is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001.", "Patriot Act __knowledge__ With its ten-letter abbreviation (USA PATRIOT) expanded, the full title is “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001”.", "Patriot Act __knowledge__ The abbreviation, as well as the full title, have been attributed to Chris Cylke, a former staffer on the House Judiciary Committee.", "Patriot Act __knowledge__ From broad concern felt among Americans from both the September 11 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks, Congress rushed to pass legislation to strengthen security controls.", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07) __knowledge__ The NSA warrantless surveillance controversy (\"warrantless wiretapping\") concerns surveillance of persons within the United States during the collection of allegedly foreign intelligence by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) as part of the touted war on terror.", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07) __knowledge__ Under this program, referred to by the Bush administration as the terrorist surveillance program, part of the broader President's Surveillance Program, the NSA was authorized by executive order to monitor, without search warrants, the phone calls, Internet activity (Web, e-mail, etc.", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07) __knowledge__ ), text messaging, and other communication involving any party believed by the NSA to be outside the U.S., even if the other end of the communication lies within the U.S.", "Crime in the United States __knowledge__ Crime in the United States has been recorded since colonization.", "Crime in the United States __knowledge__ Crime rates have varied over time, with a sharp rise after 1963, reaching a broad peak between the 1970s and early 1990s.", "Crime in the United States __knowledge__ Since then, crime has declined significantly in the United States, and current crime rates are approximately the same as those of the 1960s.", "Crime in the United States __knowledge__ Statistics on specific crimes are indexed in the annual Uniform Crime Reports by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and by annual National Crime Victimization Surveys by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.", "Crime in the United States __knowledge__ In addition to the primary Uniform Crime Report known as \"Crime in the United States\", the FBI publishes annual reports on the status of law enforcement in the United States." ] ]

[ 2, 24, 14, 9, 17 ]

[ "In america here it depends on the state just like other countries! Some countries have restrictive firearm policies, and some have relaxed gun policies. America basically mirrors that sentiment based on the state!", "I can't tell you that specifically but i can tell you of roughly 2.5 million deaths total in the US in 2013, only ~1.3% were related to guns! ", "Between 1967 and 2017 there were roughly 146 mass shootings. If you average that over roughly 50 years if my math is correct that would be like 3 a year however the number has increased recently so its more like there were less back then and more and more as of recently.", "Many places tend to have a different definition, but the US congressional research service they define it as when four or more people selected randomly not including the person who is committing the murder is killed. This echoes the FBI definition of mass murder.", "Yes as even though the gun laws vary by country, most of them have restrictive firearm policy. Only a few legislations are categorized as permissive." ]

[ "Overview of gun laws by nation", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "Overview of gun laws by nation" ]

[ "Sewing\nSewing is awesome!", "I actually to home ec in high school and got to sew my own pillow!", "Those are super convenient. Like we wouldn't even the american flag or any other one really without it. Actually one of my friends from college is a seamstress that making clothes for models now.", "I agree. Hand-stitched garments are the best! They're usually pretty unique and you know whoever made it put time and effort into to it unlike a machine.", "Do you have any preferences in stitches? I like a clean whip stitch myself." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while using a single stitch type.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out of the machine without the inconvenience of needles and thimbles and other such tools used in hand sewing, automating the process of stitching and saving time.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Bernina International __knowledge__ Bernina International AG is a privately owned international manufacturer of sewing and embroidery systems.", "Bernina International __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1893 in Steckborn, Switzerland, by a Swiss inventor Fritz Gegauf.", "Bernina International __knowledge__ The company develops, manufactures and sells goods and services for the textile market, primarily household sewing-related products in the fields of embroidery, quilting, home textiles, garment sewing and crafting.", "Bernina International __knowledge__ The origins of the company lie in the invention of the hemstitch sewing machine, invented in 1893 by a Swiss inventor and entrepreneur Karl Friedrich Gegauf.", "Bernina International __knowledge__ Currently, the company's products include sewing machines, embroidery machines, serger/overlocker machines, and computer software for embroidery design." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "Charles Sew Hoy __knowledge__ Choie Sew Hoy () (1836–1901) also known as Charles Sew Hoy (Xu Zhaokai in Pinyin) was a notable New Zealand merchant, Chinese leader and gold-dredger.", "Charles Sew Hoy __knowledge__ He was born in Guangdong Province, China in about 1838.", "Charles Sew Hoy __knowledge__ Choie Sew Hoy was the eldest of four sons of Choie Bing Sum, a farmer in the village of Sha Kong (Altar Hill),in the Upper Poon Yu (Panyu) district of Canton (Guangdong) Province, China.", "Charles Sew Hoy __knowledge__ Because of war, famine and poverty, some families in Canton Province used their access to the international ports Canton (Guangzhou) and Hong Kong to send young men overseas to work.", "Charles Sew Hoy __knowledge__ In the second half of the 19th Century, these men formed a living chain of migrant labourers.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ Gideon Johnson Pillow (June 8, 1806 – October 8, 1878) was an American lawyer, politician, speculator, slaveowner, United States Army major general of volunteers during the Mexican-American War and Confederate brigadier general in the American Civil War.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ Before his military career, Pillow practiced law and was active in Democratic Party politics.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ He supported the nomination of fellow-Tennessean James K. Polk at the 1844 Democratic National Convention.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ In 1847, Pillow was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers to serve in the Mexican-American War, and was later promoted to major general.", "Tomlinson Middle School __knowledge__ Tomlinson Middle School (TMS) is a secondary school located in Fairfield, Connecticut.", "Tomlinson Middle School __knowledge__ TMS serves 775 of Fairfield's students in the middle school age group.", "Tomlinson Middle School __knowledge__ Its current principal is Mr. Anthony Formato.", "Tomlinson Middle School __knowledge__ By 1914, 78 adolescent Fairfield students were attending high school in Bridgeport and Westport with Fairfield paying the bill since the town offered education through grade eight only.", "Tomlinson Middle School __knowledge__ In February 1914, the Board of Education asked Fairfield residents to make contributions towards the creation of a high school.", "Tomlinson Middle School __knowledge__ The School Board voted to establish the first year of a high school course.", "Tomlinson Middle School __knowledge__ The forty-six freshman students operated out of the basement of the new brick and concrete Sherman Elementary School (built on the current site of the town's gazebo), a gift to the town from Mr. and Mrs. Samuel H. Wheeler replacing the old cupola topped wooden building that stood before it.", "The Twinkie Squad __knowledge__ The Twinkie Squad is a children's novel written by Gordan Korman published in 1992.", "The Twinkie Squad __knowledge__ The story follows the mis-adventures of Armando \"Commando\" Rivera, a feisty, popular basketball-obsessed hotshot who often gets in trouble with bullies and teachers; and Douglas Fairchild, the tall, pale son of a U.S.", "The Twinkie Squad __knowledge__ Ambassador, who claims to be from a small middle-eastern nation called 'Pefkakia' because he was born on a jet plane in its main airport during an emergency layover.", "The Twinkie Squad __knowledge__ The story is ostensibly set in Washington D.C.", "The Twinkie Squad __knowledge__ Obsessed with sharing his 'exotic culture' which he himself is largely making up, Douglas Fairchild comes across as eccentric, and fails his classes, which leads him to be placed in a special needs support group, condescendingly referred to as \"the Twinkie Squad\" by most other students.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Pillow Pets are a brand of stuffed toys with Velcro straps that allow them to be changed from a decorated pillow into a stuffed animal.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ The toys are made from chenille.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Invented by Jennifer Telfer in 2003, Pillow Pets first gained success when Telfer personally sold the toys near the Christmas season of that year.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ They would later become more successful through television advertising, where the company's famous slogan, \"It's a pillow, it's a pet, it's a Pillow Pet!\"", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ was in every ad.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Pillow Pets have been used for charitable fund raising.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ In 2003, Jennifer Telfer was living in San Diego with her husband, Clint, and two sons.", "SEW Eurodrive __knowledge__ SEW-Eurodrive is a German manufacturing company founded by Christian Pähr in 1931 as Süddeutsche Elektromotoren Werke.", "SEW Eurodrive __knowledge__ Today, it is an international organization that manufactures geared motors, frequency inverters and servo drives employing over 17,000 people worldwide with annual sales in excess of €2.8 billion.", "SEW Eurodrive __knowledge__ Based in Bruchsal in Southern Germany they have manufacturing assembly and service centres throughout the world.", "SEW Eurodrive __knowledge__ SEW are leaders in decentralised control technology, with products such as Movimot, Movigear, Moviswitch, and Movitrans.", "SEW Eurodrive __knowledge__ In addition they have moved into the large industrial gearbox market with their range of helical, bevel helical, and planetary gearboxes.", "Pillow __knowledge__ A pillow is used to sleep on and support the head/neck or other parts of the body while sleeping, lying down or sitting.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In addition, pillows have decorative uses and are used on beds, couches or chairs; these are also referred to as cushions.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In contemporary western culture, pillows consist of a plain or patterned fabric envelope (pillowcase) which contains a soft stuffing, which may range from down feathers to synthetic foam.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In other cultures, pillows have been made of wood or stone.", "Pillow __knowledge__ Bed pillows are typically covered with a cloth pillowcase.", "Pillow __knowledge__ Pillows used in a living room typically have a sturdy cloth cover.", "Quilting __knowledge__ Quilting is the process of sewing two or more layers of fabric together to make a thicker padded material, usually to create a quilt or quilted garment.", "Quilting __knowledge__ Typically, quilting is done with three layers: the top fabric or quilt top, batting or insulating material and backing material, but many different styles are adopted.", "Quilting __knowledge__ The process of quilting uses a needle and thread to join two or more layers of material to make a quilt.", "Quilting __knowledge__ The quilter's hand or sewing machine passes the needle and thread through all layers and then brings the needle back up.", "Quilting __knowledge__ The process is repeated across the entire area where quilting is wanted.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization, and the methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas are decorative, utilitarian, ceremonial, or conceptual artworks made from plant, animal, or synthetic fibers by native peoples of both North and South America.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Textile arts and fiber arts include fabric that is flexible woven material, as well as felt, bark cloth, knitting, embroidery, featherwork, skin-sewing, beadwork, and similar media.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Textile arts are one of the earliest known industries.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Basketry is associated with textile arts.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ While humans have created textiles since the dawn of culture, many are fragile and disintegrate rapidly.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Ancient textiles are preserved only by special environmental conditions.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Machine embroidery is an embroidery process whereby a sewing machine or embroidery machine is used to create patterns on textiles.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ It is used commercially in product branding, corporate advertising, and uniform adornment.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ It is also used in the fashion industry to decorate garments and apparel.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Machine embroidery is used by hobbyists and crafters to decorate gifts, clothing, and home decor.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Examples include designs on quilts, pillows, and wall hangings.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ There are multiple types of machine embroidery.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Free-motion sewing machine embroidery uses a basic zigzag sewing machine.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Designs are done manually.", "Hmong textile art __knowledge__ Hmong textile art (RPA:Paj ntau or Paj ntaub, or \"flower cloth\" in the Hmong language; sometimes transliterated as pa ntau) consists of textile arts traditionally practiced by Hmong people.", "Hmong textile art __knowledge__ Closely related to practices of other ethnic minorities in China, the embroidery consists of bold geometric designs often realized in bright, contrasting colors.", "Hmong textile art __knowledge__ Different patterns and techniques of production are associated with geographical regions and cultural subdivisions within the global Hmong community.", "Hmong textile art __knowledge__ For example, White Hmong are typically associated with reverse appliqué while Green Mong are more associated with batik." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ A product of the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution of the late 1960s, several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical's profanity, its depiction of the use of illegal drugs, its treatment of sexuality, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical broke new ground in musical theatre by defining the genre of \"rock musical\", using a racially integrated cast, and inviting the audience onstage for a \"Be-In\" finale.", "Brooke Davis __knowledge__ Brooke Penelope Davis is a fictional character from the CW television series \"One Tree Hill\", portrayed by Sophia Bush.", "Brooke Davis __knowledge__ Initially introduced as the best friend of the show's original female lead, Peyton Sawyer, throughout her experiences, Brooke grows from a wild and generally carefree girl into a more mature and grounded young woman.", "Brooke Davis __knowledge__ Along with Peyton, she becomes a key player in the series' central love triangle involving Lucas Scott.", "Brooke Davis __knowledge__ In later seasons, however, her character arc shifts its attention to her career as a fashion designer at Clothes Over Bros, as well as her romance and eventual marriage to Julian Baker, with whom she would have twin sons, Davis and Jude Baker.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Flag of the United States __knowledge__ The flag of the United States of America, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States.", "Flag of the United States __knowledge__ It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the \"union\") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars.", "Flag of the United States __knowledge__ The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America, and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and became the first states in the U.S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and The Star-Spangled Banner.", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy __knowledge__ Super Bowl XXXVIII – which was broadcast live on February 1, 2004 from Houston, Texas on the CBS television network in the United States – was noted for a controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson's breast, adorned with a nipple shield, was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second, in what was later referred to as a \"wardrobe malfunction\".", "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy __knowledge__ The incident, sometimes referred to as Nipplegate, was widely discussed.", "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy __knowledge__ Along with the rest of the halftime show, it led to an immediate crackdown and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting.", "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy __knowledge__ The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fined CBS a record US$550,000 which was fought in the Supreme Court, but that fine was appealed and ultimately voided by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals in a 2011 ruling, and a case to reinstate the fine was refused in 2012.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while using a single stitch type.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out of the machine without the inconvenience of needles and thimbles and other such tools used in hand sewing, automating the process of stitching and saving time.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ The Singer Model 27 and later model 127 were a series of lockstitch sewing machines produced by the Singer Manufacturing Company from the 1880s to the 1960s.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ (The 27 and the 127 were full-size versions of the Singer 28 and later model 128 which were three-quarter size).", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ They were Singer's first sewing machines to make use of \"vibrating shuttle\" technology.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ Millions were produced.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ They are all steel and were built before the advent of planned obsolescence, and so they were designed to be repaired rather than replaced.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ Consequently many remain today, some in collections and others still in service.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Singer Corporation is an American manufacturer of sewing machines, first established as I. M. Singer & Co. in 1851 by Isaac Merritt Singer with New York lawyer Edward Clark.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Best known for its sewing machines, it was renamed Singer Manufacturing Company in 1865, then The Singer Company in 1963.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ It is based in La Vergne, Tennessee, near Nashville.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Its first large factory for mass production was built in Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1863.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Singer’s original design, which was the first practical sewing machine for general domestic use, incorporated the basic eye-pointed needle and lock stitch developed by Elias Howe, who won a patent-infringement suit against Singer in 1854.", "Longarm quilting __knowledge__ Longarm quilting is the process by which a longarm sewing machine is used to sew together a quilt top, quilt batting and quilt backing into a finished quilt.", "Longarm quilting __knowledge__ The longarm sewing machine frame typically ranges from 10 to 14 feet in length (or, 3metres to 4.25 metres).", "Longarm quilting __knowledge__ A complete longarming system typically consists of an industrial length sewing machine head (19 - 30 inches,) a 10 to 14-foot frame, a table with a layer of plastic under which is placed a pantograph, and several rollers on which the fabric layers and batting are attached.", "Longarm quilting __knowledge__ Quilting using a longarm machine can take significantly less time than hand quilting or more traditional machine quilting.", "Merrow Sewing Machine Company __knowledge__ The Merrow Sewing Machine Company, best known for inventing the overlock sewing machine is a manufacturer of sewing machines.", "Merrow Sewing Machine Company __knowledge__ After the explosion of his gunpowder mill in 1837, in 1838 J.M.", "Merrow Sewing Machine Company __knowledge__ Merrow built a knitting mill on the same site.", "Merrow Sewing Machine Company __knowledge__ The company developed crocheting machines for its own use and by 1887 evolved to design, build and market sewing machines exclusively.", "Merrow Sewing Machine Company __knowledge__ During its early decades it was organized as a partnership under various names: established in 1838 as Joseph M. Merrow & Sons by J. Makens Merrow, then Pitkin, Merrow, & Co., renamed Merrow Manufacturing Co. in 1857, then Merrow and Millard in 1863, J.B. Merrow and Sons in 1870, and incorporated as The Merrow Manufacturing Company in 1893.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Machine embroidery is an embroidery process whereby a sewing machine or embroidery machine is used to create patterns on textiles.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ It is used commercially in product branding, corporate advertising, and uniform adornment.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ It is also used in the fashion industry to decorate garments and apparel.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Machine embroidery is used by hobbyists and crafters to decorate gifts, clothing, and home decor.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Examples include designs on quilts, pillows, and wall hangings.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ There are multiple types of machine embroidery.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Free-motion sewing machine embroidery uses a basic zigzag sewing machine.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Designs are done manually." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "History of clothing in India __knowledge__ Indians have mainly worn clothing made up of locally grown cotton.", "History of clothing in India __knowledge__ India was the one of the first places where cotton was cultivated and used even as early as 2500 BC during the Harappan Era.", "History of clothing in India __knowledge__ The remnants of the ancient Indian clothing can be found in the figurines discovered from the sites near the Indus Valley Civilisation, the rock cut sculptures, the cave paintings, and human art forms found in temples and monuments.", "History of clothing in India __knowledge__ These scriptures view the figures of human wearing the clothes which can be wrapped around the body.", "History of clothing in India __knowledge__ Taking the instances of the sari to that of turban and the dhoti, the traditional Indian wears were mostly tied around the body in various ways.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "UCLA Kyodo Taiko __knowledge__ UCLA Kyodo Taiko is a collegiate taiko group specializing in taiko drumming.", "UCLA Kyodo Taiko __knowledge__ Kyodo has two meanings- one is family, and the other is loud children.", "UCLA Kyodo Taiko __knowledge__ Influenced by San Jose Taiko, Mark Honda founded Kyodo Taiko in 1990 under the Nikkei Student Union at UCLA.", "UCLA Kyodo Taiko __knowledge__ Kyodo was the first collegiate taiko group to form in North America and paved the way for other collegiate taiko groups to form.", "UCLA Kyodo Taiko __knowledge__ Honda used what he learned from San Jose Taiko to lay the foundation for Kyodo to become one of the most recognizable students groups at UCLA.", "UCLA Kyodo Taiko __knowledge__ Kyodo is composed entirely of college students, with no sensei; thus, there is a constant turnover of senior members who graduate and new members who audition for and join the group.", "Quilting __knowledge__ Quilting is the process of sewing two or more layers of fabric together to make a thicker padded material, usually to create a quilt or quilted garment.", "Quilting __knowledge__ Typically, quilting is done with three layers: the top fabric or quilt top, batting or insulating material and backing material, but many different styles are adopted.", "Quilting __knowledge__ The process of quilting uses a needle and thread to join two or more layers of material to make a quilt.", "Quilting __knowledge__ The quilter's hand or sewing machine passes the needle and thread through all layers and then brings the needle back up.", "Quilting __knowledge__ The process is repeated across the entire area where quilting is wanted.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik \"aturaq\" \"aturak\" \"aturat\" , \"aklu\", \"akluq\", \"un’u\" ; also, \"piluguk\" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, \"aklu\", \"cangssagar\", \"un’u\" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ The traditional clothing system developed and used by the Eskimo peoples is the most effective cold weather clothing developed to date.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik women made clothes and footwear from animal skins (especially hide and fur of marine and land mammals for fur clothing, sometimes birds, also fish), sewn together using needles made from animal bones, walrus ivory, and bird bones such as front part of a crane's foot and threads made from other animal products, such as sinew.", "Iris van Herpen __knowledge__ Iris van Herpen (born 5 June 1984) is a Dutch fashion designer.", "Iris van Herpen __knowledge__ She studied Fashion Design at ArtEZ Institute of the Arts Arnhem and interned at Alexander McQueen in London, and Claudy Jongstra in Amsterdam.", "Iris van Herpen __knowledge__ Van Herpen immediately caught the eye with notable shows.", "Iris van Herpen __knowledge__ In 2007, she started her own label.", "Iris van Herpen __knowledge__ Since July 2011, she is a guest member of the prestigious Parisian Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, which is part of the Fédération française de la couture.", "Iris van Herpen __knowledge__ She participates in many international exhibitions and creates two collections a year.", "Iris van Herpen __knowledge__ Iris van Herpen's first passion was dance.", "Iris van Herpen __knowledge__ It was when she attended the Preparatory Course Art & Design at ArtEZ during her high school years that she became particularly interested in designing clothes.", "Haute couture __knowledge__ Haute couture (; ; French for \"high sewing\" or \"high dressmaking\" or \"high fashion\") is the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing.", "Haute couture __knowledge__ \"Haute couture\" is high-end fashion that is constructed by hand from start to finish, made from high-quality, expensive, often unusual fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable sewers, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques.", "Haute couture __knowledge__ \"Couture\" translates literally from French as \"dressmaking\" but may also refer to fashion, sewing, or needlework and is also used as a common abbreviation of \"haute couture\" and refers to the same thing in spirit.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ The history of fashion design refers to the development of the fashion industry which designs clothing and accessories.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ The modern industry, based around firms or fashion houses run by individual designers, started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ Couture beginnings.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ Rose Bertin (July 2, 1747 – September 22, 1813) was the dressmaker to Marie Antoinette, Queen of France.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ Sometimes called sarcastically the \"Minister of Fashion\", she opened a shop in Paris and had a considerable influence on Parisian style, until this was drastically changed by the French Revolution, from which she fled into exile to London for some years.", "Madame Grès __knowledge__ Madame Grès (1903–1993) born Germaine Émilie Krebs, also known as Alix Barton and Alix, was a leading French couturier of her generation and costume designer.", "Madame Grès __knowledge__ She founded the former haute couture fashion house \"Grès\" as well as the associated perfume house \"Parfums Grès\" which still exists today in Switzerland.", "Madame Grès __knowledge__ Remembered as the \"Sphinx of Fashion\", Grès was notoriously secretive about her personal life and was seen as a workaholic with a furious attention to detail, therefore she preferred to let her work do the talking.", "Madame Grès __knowledge__ Called the \"master of the wrapped and draped dress\" and \"queen of drapery\", Grès is best known for her floor-length draped Grecian goddess gowns.", "Christian Dior SE __knowledge__ Christian Dior SE (), commonly known as Dior, is a European luxury goods company controlled and chaired by French businessman Bernard Arnault, who also heads LVMH – the world's largest luxury group.", "Christian Dior SE __knowledge__ Dior itself holds 42.36% shares of and 59.01% voting rights within LVMH.", "Christian Dior SE __knowledge__ Founded in 1946 by the eponymous designer Christian Dior, today the company designs and retails ready-to-wear, leather goods, fashion accessories, footwear, jewelry, timepieces, fragrance, make-up, and skincare products while also maintaining its tradition as a creator of recognized haute-couture (under the \"Christian Dior Couture\" division).", "Viktor & Rolf __knowledge__ Viktor & Rolf is a fashion house which specialises in creating conceptual and avant-garde designs.", "Viktor & Rolf __knowledge__ It was founded in 1993 by Dutch designers Viktor Horsting (born 1969, Geldrop) and Rolf Snoeren (born 1969, Dongen).", "Viktor & Rolf __knowledge__ For more than twenty years Viktor & Rolf have sought to challenge preconceptions of fashion, and bridge the divide between fashion and art.", "Viktor & Rolf __knowledge__ Viktor & Rolf have designed both haute couture and ready-to-wear collections.", "Viktor & Rolf __knowledge__ The duo is renowned for their avant-garde designs, which rely heavily on theatrical and performative fashion runways.", "Viktor & Rolf __knowledge__ Viktor Horsting and Rolf Snoeren first met while studying at the Arnhem Academy of Art and Design in 1989." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity).", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Hand knitting is a form of knitting, in which the knitted fabric is produced by hand using needles.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Flat knitting uses two straight needles to make generally two-dimensional (flat) pieces.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Flat knitting is usually used to knit flat pieces like scarves, blankets, afghans, and the backs, fronts and arms of sweaters (pullovers).", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ In flat knitting, generally stockinette stitch, the hand-knitter knits from right-to-left on one side of the fabric, turns the work (over), and then purls right-to-left back to the starting position.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Usually the smooth side of the fabric is considered the \"right side\", the one facing outwards for viewing; and the side that faces inwards, towards the body, the ridged side, is known as the \"wrong side\".", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Knitted fabric is a textile that results from knitting.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Its properties are distinct from woven fabric in that it is more flexible and can be more readily constructed into smaller pieces, making it ideal for socks and hats.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Its properties are distinct from nonwoven fabric in that it is more durable but takes more resources to create, making it suitable for multiple uses.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ There are two major varieties of knit fabric: weft-knit and warp-knit fabrics.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Warp-knitted fabrics such as tricot and milanese are resistant to runs, and are commonly used in lingerie.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Weft-knit fabrics are easier to make and more common.", "Embroidery stitch __knowledge__ In everyday language, a stitch in the context of embroidery or hand-sewing is defined as the movement of the embroidery needle from the backside of the fabric to the front side and back to the back side.", "Embroidery stitch __knowledge__ The thread stroke on the front side produced by this is also called \"stitch\".", "Embroidery stitch __knowledge__ In the context of embroidery, an embroidery stitch means one or more \"stitches\" that are always executed in the same way, forming a figure.", "Embroidery stitch __knowledge__ Embroidery stitches are also called \"stitches\" for short.", "Embroidery stitch __knowledge__ Embroidery stitches are the smallest units in embroidery.", "Embroidery stitch __knowledge__ Embroidery patterns are formed by doing many embroidery stitches, either all the same or different ones, either following a counting chart on paper, following a design painted on the fabric or even working freehand.", "Cross-stitch __knowledge__ Cross-stitch is a form of sewing and a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches in a tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture.", "Cross-stitch __knowledge__ The stitcher counts the threads on a piece of evenweave fabric (such as linen) in each direction so that the stitches are of uniform size and appearance.", "Cross-stitch __knowledge__ This form of cross-stitch is also called counted cross-stitch in order to distinguish it from other forms of cross-stitch.", "Cross-stitch __knowledge__ Sometimes cross-stitch is done on designs printed on the fabric (stamped cross-stitch); the stitcher simply stitches over the printed pattern.", "Cross-stitch __knowledge__ Cross-stitch is also executed on easily countable fabric called aida cloth but the threads are not actually counted.", "Slip-stitch knitting __knowledge__ Slip-stitch knitting is a family of knitting techniques that use slip stitches to make multiple fabrics simultaneously, to make extra-long stitches, and/or to carry over colors from an earlier row.", "Slip-stitch knitting __knowledge__ In the basic slip stitch the stitch is passed from the left needle to the right needle without being knitted.", "Slip-stitch knitting __knowledge__ The yarn may be passed invisibly \"behind\" the slipped stitch (wyib=\"with yarn in back\") or \"in front\" of the slipped stitch (wyif=\"with yarn in front\"), where it produces a small horizontal \"bar\".", "Slip-stitch knitting __knowledge__ The wyif slipped stitch is less common, although several knitting patterns use it to produce a visual effect like woven cloth.", "The Society for the Arts in Dementia Care __knowledge__ The Society for the Arts in Dementia Care is a non-profit organization dedicated to knowledge dissemination and education that focuses on improving the quality of lives of seniors living with dementia by using the visual and performing arts.", "The Society for the Arts in Dementia Care __knowledge__ Founded in 2004, the head office is in Vancouver, BC, Canada.", "The Society for the Arts in Dementia Care __knowledge__ In 2007, an affiliate chapter was created in Perth, Australia.", "The Society for the Arts in Dementia Care __knowledge__ The Society organizes annual conferences on Creative Expression, Communication and Dementia, commonly referred to as CECD Conferences.", "The Society for the Arts in Dementia Care __knowledge__ The Society for the Arts in Dementia Care is built on the premise that people living with dementia have the right to dignity, to be heard and to be valued.", "Yab Moung Records __knowledge__ Yab Moung Records Official website Yab Moung Records was established in 2012 and was Cambodia’s first alternative music label.", "Yab Moung Records __knowledge__ Yab Moung was founded by Myles Hallin (Myley Rattle) and Tom Reichelt in collaboration with several Khmer punk and metal bands, namely: Sliten6ix; The ANTIfate and No Forever.", "Yab Moung Records __knowledge__ When Tom Reichelt left in 2014, Timon Siebel & Samphors Un, two long time supporters, became major shareholders.", "Yab Moung Records __knowledge__ The label is currently run collectively by a group of dedicated shareholders with various roles within the organisation.", "Yab Moung Records __knowledge__ Yab Moung Records has a studio which is located in the Kandal Province, just outside of Phnom Penh, which is run by a collective of, predominantly Khmer, musicians and artists.", "Quilt __knowledge__ A quilt is a multi-layered textile, traditionally composed of three layers of fiber: a woven cloth top, a layer of batting or wadding, and a woven back, combined using the technique of quilting, the process of sewing the three layers together.", "Quilt __knowledge__ The pattern of stitching can be the key decorative element if a single piece of fabric is used for the top of a quilt, (a \"wholecloth quilt\"), but in many cases the top is pieced from a patchwork of smaller fabric pieces; and the pattern and color of these pieces will be important to the design.", "Quilt __knowledge__ In the twenty-first century, quilts are frequently displayed as non-utilitarian works of art but historically quilts were often used as bedcovers; and this use persists today.", "Creativity __knowledge__ Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed.", "Creativity __knowledge__ The created item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition, or a joke) or a physical object (such as an invention, a literary work, or a painting).", "Creativity __knowledge__ Scholarly interest in creativity involves many definitions and concepts pertaining to a number of disciplines: engineering, psychology, cognitive science, education, philosophy (particularly philosophy of science), technology, theology, sociology, linguistics, business studies, songwriting, and economics, covering the relations between creativity and general intelligence, mental and neurological processes, personality type and creative ability, creativity and mental health; the potential for fostering creativity through education and training, especially as augmented by technology; the maximization of creativity for national economic benefit, and the application of creative resources to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.", "Textile industry in Bangladesh __knowledge__ The textile and clothing industries provide the single source of growth in Bangladesh's rapidly developing economy.", "Textile industry in Bangladesh __knowledge__ Exports of textiles and garments are the principal source of foreign exchange earnings.", "Textile industry in Bangladesh __knowledge__ By 2002 exports of textiles, clothing, and ready-made garments (RMG) accounted for 77% of Bangladesh’s total merchandise exports.", "Textile industry in Bangladesh __knowledge__ In 1972, the World Bank approximated the gross domestic product (GDP) of Bangladesh at USD 6.29 billion and it grew to USD 173.82 billion by 2014, with USD 31.2 billion of that generated by exports, 82% of which was ready-made garments.", "Textile industry in Bangladesh __knowledge__ As of 2016 Bangladesh held the 2nd place in producing garments just after China.", "History of clothing and textiles __knowledge__ The study of the history of clothing and textiles traces the availability and use of textiles and other materials.", "History of clothing and textiles __knowledge__ At the same time, the study also helps in tracing the development of technology for the making of clothing over human history.", "History of clothing and textiles __knowledge__ The wearing of clothing is exclusively a human characteristic and is a feature of most human societies.", "History of clothing and textiles __knowledge__ It is not known when humans began wearing clothes but anthropologists believe that animal skins and vegetation were adapted into coverings as protection from cold, heat and rain, especially as humans migrated to new climates.", "History of clothing and textiles __knowledge__ Clothing and textiles have been important in human history." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 6, 6, 5 ]

[ "Yes, sewing is one of the oldest of textile arts, arising in the Paleolitic, do you know how to sew?", "Great, I'sew a little too. Of course for thousand of years sewing was done by hand, now we have sewing machines.", "Wow, great! of course dine hand-sewing is a characteristic of high quality tailoring and haute couture fashion.", "Ye,s hand-sewing is pursue by textiles artists and hobbyist as a mean of creative expression.", "Not really, I do most of my sewing with a machines, they were invented in the 19th century and are mass produced now" ]

[ "Sewing", "Sewing", "Sewing", "Sewing", "Sewing" ]

[ "E-book\nI have never been able to read e-books as well as paper books.", "Right, however, I think they are not as easy to read as hard copies.", "Exactly! I also seem to lose interest in them faster.", "That would bother me. I had to do that in college with textbooks." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "E-book __knowledge__ An electronic book (or e-book) is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ Although sometimes defined as \"an electronic version of a printed book\", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent.", "E-book __knowledge__ Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-reader devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ However, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e-books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones.", "E-book __knowledge__ In the 2000s, there was a trend of print and e-book sales moving to the Internet, where readers buy traditional paper books and e-books on websites using e-commerce systems.", "E-book __knowledge__ With print books, readers are increasingly browsing through images of the covers of books on publisher or bookstore websites and selecting and ordering titles online; the paper books are then delivered to the reader by mail or another delivery service.", "E-book __knowledge__ With e-books, users can browse through titles online, and then when they select and order titles, the e-book can be sent to them online or the user can download the e-book.", "Book __knowledge__ A book is a series of pages assembled for easy portability and reading, as well as the composition contained in it.", "Book __knowledge__ The most common modern form of book is a codex volume consisting of rectangular paper pages bound on one side, with a heavier cover and spine, so that it can fan open for reading.", "Book __knowledge__ Books have taken other forms, such as scrolls, leaves on a string, or strips tied together; and the pages have been of parchment, vellum, papyrus, bamboo slips, palm leaves, silk, wood, and other materials.", "Book __knowledge__ The contents of books are also called books, as are other compositions of that length.", "Book __knowledge__ For instance, Aristotle's \"Physics\", the constituent sections of the Bible, and even the Egyptian \"Book of the Dead\" are called books independently of their physical form.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The hardware platform, developed by Amazon subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays, Android-based tablets with color LCD screens and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ All Kindle devices integrate with Kindle Store content, and as of December 2017, the store has nearly 5.9 million e-books available in the United States.", "Electronic publishing __knowledge__ Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing or online publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues.", "Electronic publishing __knowledge__ Electronic publishing has become common in scientific publishing where it has been argued that peer-reviewed scientific journals are in the process of being replaced by electronic publishing.", "Electronic publishing __knowledge__ It is also becoming common to distribute books, magazines, and newspapers to consumers through tablet reading devices, a market that is growing by millions each year, generated by online vendors such as Apple's iTunes bookstore, Amazon's bookstore for Kindle, and books in the Google Play Bookstore.", "Buddhist influences on print technology __knowledge__ Buddhist influences on print technology in East Asia are far-reaching.", "Buddhist influences on print technology __knowledge__ The history of writing in Asia dates back to the 13th century BC.", "Buddhist influences on print technology __knowledge__ China used bones and shells for religious inscriptions in the form of divinations.", "Buddhist influences on print technology __knowledge__ From these beginnings, numerous forms of writing and printing were developed.", "Buddhist influences on print technology __knowledge__ In many instances, as in Europe, it was religion that played a major role in the development of writing and printing techniques or which was the reason behind the usage of these techniques.", "Buddhist influences on print technology __knowledge__ Of the religions in East Asia, it was Buddhism that played the strongest role in influencing writing and, in particular, printing.", "Richard Stallman __knowledge__ Richard Matthew Stallman (; born March 16, 1953), often known by his initials, rms, is an American free software movement activist and programmer.", "Richard Stallman __knowledge__ He campaigns for software to be distributed in a manner such that its users receive the freedoms to use, study, distribute and modify that software.", "Richard Stallman __knowledge__ Software that ensures these freedoms is termed free software.", "Richard Stallman __knowledge__ Stallman launched the GNU Project, founded the Free Software Foundation, developed the GNU Compiler Collection and GNU Emacs, and wrote the GNU General Public License.", "Richard Stallman __knowledge__ Stallman launched the GNU Project in September 1983 to create a Unix-like computer operating system composed entirely of free software.", "Library __knowledge__ A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.", "Library __knowledge__ It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.", "Library __knowledge__ A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats.", "Library __knowledge__ Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.", "Library __knowledge__ In Latin and Greek, the idea of a bookcase is represented by \"Bibliotheca\" and \"Bibliothēkē\" (Greek: βιβλιοθήκη): derivatives of these mean \"library\" in many modern languages, e.g." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "E-book __knowledge__ An electronic book (or e-book) is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ Although sometimes defined as \"an electronic version of a printed book\", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent.", "E-book __knowledge__ Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-reader devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ However, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e-books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones.", "E-book __knowledge__ In the 2000s, there was a trend of print and e-book sales moving to the Internet, where readers buy traditional paper books and e-books on websites using e-commerce systems.", "E-book __knowledge__ With print books, readers are increasingly browsing through images of the covers of books on publisher or bookstore websites and selecting and ordering titles online; the paper books are then delivered to the reader by mail or another delivery service.", "E-book __knowledge__ With e-books, users can browse through titles online, and then when they select and order titles, the e-book can be sent to them online or the user can download the e-book.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Petra is a music group regarded as a pioneer of the Christian rock and contemporary Christian music genres.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1972, the band took its name from the Greek word for \"rock\".", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Though it disbanded formally in 2006, incarnations have played reunion shows in the years since and released an album in November 2010.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ In 2013, it reformed with a new drummer, Cristian Borneo, and recorded a new song titled \"Holy is Your Name\", before going back on tour.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ With a style initially similar to The Eagles and Lynyrd Skynyrd, Petra's sound evolved into a more energetic, driving rock sound in the early 1980s akin to Foreigner, Styx and Journey.", "Digital rights management __knowledge__ Digital rights management (DRM) is a set of access control technologies for restricting the use of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works.", "Digital rights management __knowledge__ DRM technologies try to control the use, modification, and distribution of copyrighted works (such as software and multimedia content), as well as systems within devices that enforce these policies.", "Digital rights management __knowledge__ The use of digital rights management is not universally accepted.", "Digital rights management __knowledge__ Proponents of DRM argue that it is necessary to prevent intellectual property from being copied freely, just as physical locks are needed to prevent personal property from being stolen, that it can help the copyright holder maintain artistic control, and that it can ensure continued revenue streams.", "Crenshaw (mixtape) __knowledge__ Crenshaw is the eighth official mixtape by American rapper Nipsey Hussle.", "Crenshaw (mixtape) __knowledge__ The mixtape was released as a free digital download on October 8, 2013, on mixtape hosting websites.", "Crenshaw (mixtape) __knowledge__ It was also released in a limited first edition of 1,000 copies for $100 each including other incentives via his All Money In record label.", "Crenshaw (mixtape) __knowledge__ The mixtape features production by The Futuristiks, 1500 or Nothin', 9th Wonder, DJ Dahi, Mike Free, Ralo, Wizzo and Jiggy Hendrix, among others.", "Crenshaw (mixtape) __knowledge__ Guest appearances on the mixtape came from Rick Ross, Dom Kennedy, Slim Thug, James Fauntleroy II, Z-Ro, Skeme and Sade among others.", "Crenshaw (mixtape) __knowledge__ The mixtape was supported by the singles \"Checc Me Out\" featuring Dom Kennedy and Cobby Supreme, \"U See Us\", \"The Weather\" featuring Rick Ross, \"If U Were Mine\" featuring Fauntleroy, and \"1 of 1\".", "Suicide of Ryan Halligan __knowledge__ Ryan Patrick Halligan (December 18, 1989 – October 7, 2003) was an American student who committed suicide at the age of 13 after being bullied by his classmates in real life and cyber-bullying online.", "Suicide of Ryan Halligan __knowledge__ According to the Associated Press, Halligan was repeatedly sent homophobic instant messages, and was \"threatened, taunted and insulted incessantly\".", "Suicide of Ryan Halligan __knowledge__ His father, John P. Halligan, a former IBM engineer, subsequently lobbied for laws to be passed in Vermont to improve how schools address bullying and suicide prevention.", "Suicide of Ryan Halligan __knowledge__ He has also given speeches at schools in other states about the story of his son.", "Friends of Europe __knowledge__ Friends of Europe is a not-for-profit think tank, that since 1999 has stimulated discussion and new thinking on political, economic, social and environmental issues that confront Europe and the world.", "Friends of Europe __knowledge__ It is located at 4 Rue de la Science, Brussels.", "Friends of Europe __knowledge__ The organisation was established in 1999, and takes the position that it has no declared political or national bias and is independent of EU institutions (although it does receive some funding from them).", "Friends of Europe __knowledge__ Its stated goal is to foster open discussion and stimulate new thinking on the issues facing Europe and its citizens.", "Friends of Europe __knowledge__ The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency, an agency of the European Union, uses the acronym FoE.", "J. K. Rowling __knowledge__ Joanne Rowling, ( \"rolling\"; born 31 July 1965), writing under the pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith, is a British novelist, screenwriter, and producer who is best known for writing the \"Harry Potter\" fantasy series.", "J. K. Rowling __knowledge__ The books have won multiple awards, and sold more than 400 million copies.", "J. K. Rowling __knowledge__ They have become the best-selling book series in history and been the basis for a series of films, over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and was a producer on the final films in the series.", "J. K. Rowling __knowledge__ Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, England, Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the \"Harry Potter\" series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all.", "Book __knowledge__ A book is a series of pages assembled for easy portability and reading, as well as the composition contained in it.", "Book __knowledge__ The most common modern form of book is a codex volume consisting of rectangular paper pages bound on one side, with a heavier cover and spine, so that it can fan open for reading.", "Book __knowledge__ Books have taken other forms, such as scrolls, leaves on a string, or strips tied together; and the pages have been of parchment, vellum, papyrus, bamboo slips, palm leaves, silk, wood, and other materials.", "Book __knowledge__ The contents of books are also called books, as are other compositions of that length.", "Book __knowledge__ For instance, Aristotle's \"Physics\", the constituent sections of the Bible, and even the Egyptian \"Book of the Dead\" are called books independently of their physical form.", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada __knowledge__ The technological and industrial history of Canada encompasses the country's development in the areas of transportation, communication, energy, materials, public works, public services (health care), domestic/consumer and defense technologies.", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada __knowledge__ The 21st century has become the Internet Age is way both literal and metaphorical.", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada __knowledge__ The technology that dominates this period of time is wireless technology, cloud computing, HD/3D TV, mega oil, \"greentech\" and nanotechnology.", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada __knowledge__ Most technologies diffused in Canada came from other places; only a small number actually originated in Canada.", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada __knowledge__ For more about those with a Canadian origin, see Invention in Canada.", "Born-digital __knowledge__ The term born-digital refers to materials that originate in a digital form.", "Born-digital __knowledge__ This is in contrast to digital reformatting, through which analog materials become digital.", "Born-digital __knowledge__ It is most often used in relation to digital libraries and the issues that go along with said organizations, such as digital preservation and intellectual property.", "Born-digital __knowledge__ However, as technologies have advanced and spread, the concept of being born-digital has also been discussed in relation to personal consumer-based sectors, with the rise of e-books and evolving digital music.", "Born-digital __knowledge__ Other terms that might be encountered as synonymous include \"natively digital\", \"digital-first\", and \"digital-exclusive\".", "Glossary of video terms __knowledge__ This glossary defines terms that are used in the document \"Defining Video Quality Requirements: A Guide for Public Safety\", developed by the Video Quality in Public Safety (VQIPS) Working Group.", "Glossary of video terms __knowledge__ It contains terminology and explanations of concepts relevant to the video industry.", "Glossary of video terms __knowledge__ The purpose of the glossary is to inform the reader of commonly used vocabulary terms in the video domain.", "Glossary of video terms __knowledge__ This glossary was compiled from various industry sources.", "Glossary of video terms __knowledge__ A device that converts analog signals into digital signals.", "Glossary of video terms __knowledge__ A circuit for automatically controlling amplifier gain in order to maintain a constant output voltage with a varying input voltage within a predetermined range of input-to-output variation.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ The digital divide in the United States refers to inequalities between individuals, households, and other groups of different demographic and socioeconomic levels in \"access\" to information and communication technologies (\"ICTs\") and in the \"knowledge and skills\" needed to effectively use the information gained from connecting.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ The global digital divide refers to inequalities in access, knowledge, and skills, but designates countries as the units of analysis and examines the divide between developing and developed countries on an international scale.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ Although the digital divide in American has decreased considerably, there are still certain groups of Americans with limited access.", "Digital currency __knowledge__ Digital currency (digital money or electronic money or electronic currency) is a type of currency available only in digital form, not in physical (such as banknotes and coins).", "Digital currency __knowledge__ It exhibits properties similar to physical currencies, but allows for instantaneous transactions and borderless transfer-of-ownership.", "Digital currency __knowledge__ Examples include virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies or even central bank issued \"digital base money\".", "Digital currency __knowledge__ Like traditional money, these currencies may be used to buy physical goods and services, but may also be restricted to certain communities such as for use inside an on-line game or social network." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "E-book __knowledge__ An electronic book (or e-book) is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ Although sometimes defined as \"an electronic version of a printed book\", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent.", "E-book __knowledge__ Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-reader devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ However, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e-books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones.", "E-book __knowledge__ In the 2000s, there was a trend of print and e-book sales moving to the Internet, where readers buy traditional paper books and e-books on websites using e-commerce systems.", "E-book __knowledge__ With print books, readers are increasingly browsing through images of the covers of books on publisher or bookstore websites and selecting and ordering titles online; the paper books are then delivered to the reader by mail or another delivery service.", "E-book __knowledge__ With e-books, users can browse through titles online, and then when they select and order titles, the e-book can be sent to them online or the user can download the e-book.", "Titan (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game, a titan is an enormous, powerful, and godly outsider.", "Titan (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ Though titans are supposedly of both chaotic good and chaotic evil alignments, the majority of them seem to be good.", "Titan (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ In appearance, a good titan resembles an enormous (25 feet tall) humanoid, with perfect beauty and strength.", "Titan (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ They are hardy and muscular, but nonetheless extremely handsome/beautiful.", "Titan (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ Every aspect of them (teeth, hair, etc.)", "Titan (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ is also perfect.", "Titan (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ Based on the Titans of the Greek and Roman pantheons, they dress themselves in traditional Greek garb such as togas and loincloths.", "Titan (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ They also dress themselves in rare and valuable jewellery to make themselves seem even more overpowering and beautiful.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Greg Heffley __knowledge__ Gregory \"Greg\" Heffley is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the realistic fiction novel series \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" created by American cartoonist Jeff Kinney.", "Greg Heffley __knowledge__ He serves as the antihero of the series and is an unreliable narrator.", "Greg Heffley __knowledge__ Greg Heffley is mischievous, lazy, paranoid, egotistical, and often dishonest.", "Greg Heffley __knowledge__ He is known to become jealous very easily.", "Greg Heffley __knowledge__ He also tends to be a poor friend, something even he agrees on.", "Greg Heffley __knowledge__ He dislikes taking blame, and attempts to twist any situation he can in his favor, so that he may go up his \"popularity ladder.\"", "Greg Heffley __knowledge__ He becomes his own worst enemy.", "Greg Heffley __knowledge__ Despite all of these negative traits, he has occasionally displayed a kinder side.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Rise of Macedon __knowledge__ The rise of Macedon, from a small kingdom at the periphery of classical Greek affairs to one which came to dominate the entire Hellenic world (and beyond), occurred in the span of just 25 years, between 359 and 336 BC.", "Rise of Macedon __knowledge__ This ascendancy is largely attributable to the personality and policies of Philip II (r. 359–336 BC).", "Rise of Macedon __knowledge__ In addition to utilising effective diplomacy and marriage alliances to achieve his political aims, Philip II was also responsible for reforming the ancient Macedonian army into an effective fighting force.", "Rise of Macedon __knowledge__ The Macedonian phalanx became the hallmark of the Macedonian army during his reign and the subsequent Hellenistic period.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ Gone is a bestselling book series written by Michael Grant.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The series is centered on the fictional Southern Californian town of Perdido Beach, in which every human aged 15 and older vanishes.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The town and surrounding areas become encased within an impenetrable energy barrier, with many of its inhabitants developing supernatural powers.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The books follow the exploits of the protagonist, Sam Temple, as he battles antagonists Caine Soren and Drake Merwin, as well as a mysterious, malevolent creature, known as the Darkness or the gaiaphage (derived from Gaia, a Greek personification of the Earth, and \"phage\", from the Greek φαγεῖν \"phagein\" \"to devour\").", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ The following is a comparison of e-book formats used to create and publish e-books.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ The EPUB format is the most widely supported vendor-independent XML-based (as opposed to PDF) e-book format; that is, it is supported by the largest number of e-Readers, including Amazon Kindle Fire (but not standard Kindle).", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ See table below for details.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ Formats available include, but are not limited to: The digital book format originally used by Sony Corporation.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ It is a proprietary format, but some reader software for general-purpose computers, particularly under GNU/Linux (for example, Calibre's internal viewer), have the capability to read it.", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ \"Pretty Hurts\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her eponymous fifth studio album (2013).", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ It impacted mainstream radio in the United States on June 10, 2014, as the fourth single from the album.", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ The song was written by Sia, Beyoncé and Ammo, and its production was handled by the former two.", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ \"Pretty Hurts\" was initially written for Katy Perry and then offered to Rihanna; both artists failed to record the track and as a result it was sent to Beyoncé instead.", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ It is a power pop and soul ballad, instrumentally complete with a sparse background honed with the use of synths, minor chords and a \"booming\" drum beat.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Lektz __knowledge__ Lektz is an eBook business platform developed by AEL Data, operating from UK and India.", "Lektz __knowledge__ The solutions available in the Lektz platform include DRM, ebook reader applications, virtual book store, ebook conversion, elending, consumer analytics, and digital marketing solutions for small, medium-sized publishers and independent authors.", "Lektz __knowledge__ Dr. M.S.", "Lektz __knowledge__ Mohammed Sadiq, Sr. Vice President of AEL Data, is the chief architect of the Lektz platform and it draws support from AEL Data's ePublishing, digitization, accessibility solutions and application development services.", "Lektz __knowledge__ The Lektz platform was launched as a SaaS based solution and as an on-premises solution using the publisher's infrastructure.", "Fake book __knowledge__ A fake book is a collection of musical lead sheets intended to help a performer quickly learn and perform new songs.", "Fake book __knowledge__ Each song in a fake book contains the melody line, basic chords and sometimes lyricsthe minimal information needed by a musician or small group to make an impromptu, extemporized arrangement of a song, or \"fake it\".", "Fake book __knowledge__ The fake book is a central part of the culture of playing music in jazz, where strong improvisation abilities are expected from \"comping\" rhythm section players (piano, electric guitar, double bass, drum kit) and \"lead instruments\" which play the melody and improvise lengthy solos over the chord progression.", "Richard Castle __knowledge__ Richard Edgar \"Rick\" Castle (born Richard Alexander Rodgers) is a fictional character on the ABC crime series \"Castle\".", "Richard Castle __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Nathan Fillion.", "Richard Castle __knowledge__ The name Richard Castle is also used as a pseudonym under which a set of real books about the characters Derrick Storm and Nikki Heat, based on the books mentioned in the television series, are written.", "Richard Castle __knowledge__ These books have achieved success, becoming \"New York Times\" bestsellers.", "Richard Castle __knowledge__ Actor Nathan Fillion appears as the face of Richard Castle on the books and on the official website, and participates in book signings.", "Richard Castle __knowledge__ According to Fillion, the character's name \"Rick Castle\" was noted by the show creator as sounding like \"Rich Asshole\" and says that this reflects his character." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "E-book __knowledge__ An electronic book (or e-book) is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ Although sometimes defined as \"an electronic version of a printed book\", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent.", "E-book __knowledge__ Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-reader devices.", "E-book __knowledge__ However, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e-books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones.", "E-book __knowledge__ In the 2000s, there was a trend of print and e-book sales moving to the Internet, where readers buy traditional paper books and e-books on websites using e-commerce systems.", "E-book __knowledge__ With print books, readers are increasingly browsing through images of the covers of books on publisher or bookstore websites and selecting and ordering titles online; the paper books are then delivered to the reader by mail or another delivery service.", "E-book __knowledge__ With e-books, users can browse through titles online, and then when they select and order titles, the e-book can be sent to them online or the user can download the e-book.", "Textbook __knowledge__ A textbook or coursebook (UK English) is a manual of instruction in any branch of study.", "Textbook __knowledge__ Textbooks are produced according to the demands of educational institutions.", "Textbook __knowledge__ Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools.", "Textbook __knowledge__ Nowadays, most textbooks aren't published exclusively in printed format; many are now available as online electronic books.", "Textbook __knowledge__ The history of textbooks dates back to civilizations of ancient history.", "Textbook __knowledge__ For example, Ancient Greeks wrote \"texts\" intended for education.", "Textbook __knowledge__ The modern textbook has its roots in the standardization made possible by the printing press.", "Textbook __knowledge__ Johannes Gutenberg himself may have printed editions of Ars Minor, a schoolbook on Latin grammar by Aelius Donatus.", "The Holocaust in textbooks __knowledge__ The Holocaust is conceptualized and narrated in textbooks worldwide in a variety of approaches to treating temporal and spatial scales, protagonists, interpretative paradigms, narrative techniques, didactic methods and national idiosyncrasies with and within which the Holocaust.", "The Holocaust in textbooks __knowledge__ There exist convergent trends or internationally shared narrative templates, and divergent trends or narrative idiosyncrasies, which generally establish links between the Holocaust and local events.", "The Holocaust in textbooks __knowledge__ Textbooks in most countries focus most closely, via photographs and legal documentation, on the perpetrators’ point of view.", "Kermit Washington __knowledge__ Kermit Alan Washington (born September 17, 1951) is an American former professional basketball player.", "Kermit Washington __knowledge__ Washington is best remembered for punching opposing player Rudy Tomjanovich during an on-court fight in 1977.", "Kermit Washington __knowledge__ His punch nearly killed Tomjanovich, and resulted in severe medical problems that ultimately ended Tomjanovich's playing career.", "Kermit Washington __knowledge__ Washington was not a highly coveted player coming out of high school and barely got into college on an athletic scholarship.", "Kermit Washington __knowledge__ He averaged a mere four points per game (ppg) during his senior season of high school.", "Kermit Washington __knowledge__ He improved rapidly once at American University, and became one of only seven players in NCAA history to average 20 points and 20 rebounds throughout the course of their career.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ \"Don't Bother\" is a song performed by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira, taken from her seventh studio album and second English-language album, \"Oral Fixation, Vol.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ 2\".", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ The song was released on 4 October 2005, by Epic Records as the lead single from the album.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ The song was written by Shakira, Lauren Christy, Graham Edwards and Scott Spock, and was produced by Shakira.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ \"Don't Bother\" is a rock-influenced song in which Shakira assures her former lover that she does not need his sympathy and can move on without him.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Don't Bother\" received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who praised Shakira's vocals but felt that the lyrics of the song were strange.", "Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict __knowledge__ Textbooks in Israel and the Palestinian territories issued by the Palestinian Authority have been an issue within the larger Israeli–Palestinian conflict.", "Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict __knowledge__ Several studies have been done on Palestinian textbooks.", "Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict __knowledge__ The U.S. Consulate General in Jerusalem commissioned studies from IPCRI – Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information.", "Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict __knowledge__ In Europe the Georg Eckert Institute performed research.", "Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict __knowledge__ The Hebrew University's Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace has also published papers on this issue.", "Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict __knowledge__ A U.S. Senate subcommittee and the Political Committee of the European Parliament have both held hearings about Palestinian textbooks.", "Japanese history textbook controversies __knowledge__ Japanese history textbook controversies involve controversial content in one of the government-approved history textbooks used in the secondary education (junior high schools and senior high schools) of Japan.", "Japanese history textbook controversies __knowledge__ The controversies primarily concern the Japanese nationalist efforts to whitewash the actions of the Empire of Japan during World War II.", "Japanese history textbook controversies __knowledge__ Another serious issue is the constitutionality of the governmentally-approved textbook depictions of World War II, Japanese war crimes, and Japanese imperialism during the first half of the 20th century.", "Japanese history textbook controversies __knowledge__ The history textbook controversies have been an issue of deep concern both domestically and internationally, particularly in countries which were victims of Imperial Japan during the war.", "Raymond Washington __knowledge__ Raymond Lee Washington (August 14, 1953 – August 9, 1979) was the original founder of the South Central Los Angeles street gang, the Crips.", "Raymond Washington __knowledge__ On August 9, 1979, at approximately 10:00 PM, Washington was shot at 6,326 South San Pedro, Los Angeles, and died a few hours later at Morningside Hospital from the injuries.", "Raymond Washington __knowledge__ According to his death certificate, he died from a gun shot wound to the abdomen.", "Raymond Washington __knowledge__ Raymond Lee Washington was born in Los Angeles, California, on August 14, 1953 the youngest of four sons to Violet Samuel and Reginald Washington.", "Raymond Washington __knowledge__ He had three older brothers and one younger half-brother, Derard S. Barton, from his mother's second marriage.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ The following is a comparison of e-book formats used to create and publish e-books.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ The EPUB format is the most widely supported vendor-independent XML-based (as opposed to PDF) e-book format; that is, it is supported by the largest number of e-Readers, including Amazon Kindle Fire (but not standard Kindle).", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ See table below for details.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ Formats available include, but are not limited to: The digital book format originally used by Sony Corporation.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ It is a proprietary format, but some reader software for general-purpose computers, particularly under GNU/Linux (for example, Calibre's internal viewer), have the capability to read it.", "Lektz __knowledge__ Lektz is an eBook business platform developed by AEL Data, operating from UK and India.", "Lektz __knowledge__ The solutions available in the Lektz platform include DRM, ebook reader applications, virtual book store, ebook conversion, elending, consumer analytics, and digital marketing solutions for small, medium-sized publishers and independent authors.", "Lektz __knowledge__ Dr. M.S.", "Lektz __knowledge__ Mohammed Sadiq, Sr. Vice President of AEL Data, is the chief architect of the Lektz platform and it draws support from AEL Data's ePublishing, digitization, accessibility solutions and application development services.", "Lektz __knowledge__ The Lektz platform was launched as a SaaS based solution and as an on-premises solution using the publisher's infrastructure.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Google Play Books (formerly Google eBooks) is an ebook digital distribution service operated by Google.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Users can purchase and download ebooks and audiobooks from Google Play, which offers over five million titles, with Google claiming it to be the \"largest ebooks collection in the world\".", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Books can be read on a dedicated Books section on the Google Play website, through the use of a mobile app available for Android and iOS, through the use of select e-readers that offer support for Adobe Digital Editions, through a web browser and reading via Google Home.", "Google Play Books __knowledge__ Users may also upload up to 1,000 ebooks in the PDF or EPUB file formats.", "Snapplify __knowledge__ Snapplify is a content and media technology company focusing on content distribution and mobile publishing.", "Snapplify __knowledge__ They provide publishers and content producers with a platform for distribution, reading and retail of eBooks, magazines and newspapers.", "Snapplify __knowledge__ They are the largest eBook aggregators in Africa with more than 250 leading publishers’ content, more than 100 000 aggregated titles, and over 600 resellers and online stores.", "Snapplify __knowledge__ They work with Macmillan, Penguin Random House, Oxford University, Pearson and others to aggregate their eBooks within established distribution channels that includes leading retailers and academic institutions.", "Adobe Digital Editions __knowledge__ Adobe Digital Editions (abbreviated ADE) is an ebook reader software program from Adobe Systems, built initially (1.x version) using Adobe Flash.", "Adobe Digital Editions __knowledge__ It is used for acquiring, managing, and reading eBooks, digital newspapers, and other digital publications.", "Adobe Digital Editions __knowledge__ The software supports PDF, XHTML (through the nonproprietary EPUB file type specification) and Flash-based content.", "Adobe Digital Editions __knowledge__ It implements a proprietary scheme of Digital Rights Management (\"DRM\") which, since the version 1.5 release in May 2008, allows document sharing among multiple devices and user authentication via an Adobe ID.", "Adobe Digital Editions __knowledge__ ADE is a successor to Adobe eBook Reader.", "OverDrive, Inc. __knowledge__ Rakuten OverDrive, Inc. is an American digital distributor of eBooks, audiobooks, music, and video titles.", "OverDrive, Inc. __knowledge__ The company provides secure management, digital rights management and download fulfillment services for publishers, libraries, schools, and retailers.", "OverDrive, Inc. __knowledge__ OverDrive's catalog includes more than 2 million digital titles from more than 5,000 publishers.", "OverDrive, Inc. __knowledge__ The company's global network includes more than 27,000 libraries and schools.", "OverDrive, Inc. __knowledge__ OverDrive was founded in 1986 and is located in Cleveland, Ohio.", "OverDrive, Inc. __knowledge__ OverDrive was founded in 1986 and initially converted analog media to digital formats, such as interactive diskettes and CD-ROMs." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 2, 3 ]

[ "An electronic book is made available in digital form", "i prefer real books because it hurts my eyes to read ebook ", "it's sad that sometimes i have no choice but to read an ebook because some ebooks exist without a printed equivalent ", "and ebooks are usually intended to be read on dedicated ereader devices" ]

[ "E-book", "E-book", "E-book", "E-book" ]

[ "Dr Pepper", "Oh yes! Dr. Pepper is my favorite soda of all time. Nothing even comes close.", "It's interesting to know it was so old. It was made with cane sugar back then which I bet was way better.", "At least it didn't have cocaine in it like coke! Is it true Dr. Pepper used to be a medicine?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dr Pepper is a carbonated soft drink marketed as having a unique flavor.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The drink was created in the 1880s by pharmacist Charles Alderton in Waco, Texas and first served around 1885.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dr Pepper was first nationally marketed in the United States in 1904, and is now also sold in Europe, Asia, Canada, Mexico, Australia, and South America, as well as New Zealand and South Africa as an imported good.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Variants include a version without high fructose corn syrup, Diet Dr Pepper, as well as a line of additional flavors, first introduced in the 2000s.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The U.S. Patent Office recognizes December 1, 1885, as the first time Dr Pepper was served.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ It was introduced nationally in the United States at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition as a new kind of soda pop, made with 23 flavors.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Its introduction in 1885 preceded the introduction of Coca-Cola by one year.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ It was formulated by Brooklyn-born pharmacist Charles Alderton in Morrison's Old Corner Drug Store in Waco, Texas.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ To test his new drink, he first offered it to store owner Wade Morrison, who also found it to his liking.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Patrons at Morrison's soda fountain soon learned of Alderton's new drink and began ordering a \"Waco\".", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Alderton gave the formula to Morrison, who named it Dr. Pepper (later stylized as \"Dr Pepper\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dr Pepper is a carbonated soft drink marketed as having a unique flavor.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The drink was created in the 1880s by pharmacist Charles Alderton in Waco, Texas and first served around 1885.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dr Pepper was first nationally marketed in the United States in 1904, and is now also sold in Europe, Asia, Canada, Mexico, Australia, and South America, as well as New Zealand and South Africa as an imported good.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Variants include a version without high fructose corn syrup, Diet Dr Pepper, as well as a line of additional flavors, first introduced in the 2000s.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The U.S. Patent Office recognizes December 1, 1885, as the first time Dr Pepper was served.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ It was introduced nationally in the United States at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition as a new kind of soda pop, made with 23 flavors.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Its introduction in 1885 preceded the introduction of Coca-Cola by one year.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ It was formulated by Brooklyn-born pharmacist Charles Alderton in Morrison's Old Corner Drug Store in Waco, Texas.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ To test his new drink, he first offered it to store owner Wade Morrison, who also found it to his liking.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Patrons at Morrison's soda fountain soon learned of Alderton's new drink and began ordering a \"Waco\".", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Alderton gave the formula to Morrison, who named it Dr. Pepper (later stylized as \"Dr Pepper\").", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Rocko's Modern Life characters __knowledge__ This is a list of all the major and minor characters from the animated television series \"Rocko's Modern Life\" and the comic book of the same name.", "List of Rocko's Modern Life characters __knowledge__ Joe Murray, creator of the series, said that he matched personalities of his characters to various animals, forming a \"social caricature.\"", "List of Rocko's Modern Life characters __knowledge__ Rocko is a wallaby who emigrated from Australia to the United States, he is the protagonist of the show.", "List of Rocko's Modern Life characters __knowledge__ He is 18 years old.", "List of Rocko's Modern Life characters __knowledge__ He is a sensible, moral, and somewhat timid character who enjoys the simple pleasures in life, such as doing his laundry or feeding his dog, Spunky.", "List of Rocko's Modern Life characters __knowledge__ He is neat, compassionate, and self-conscious.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Dublin Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dublin Dr Pepper was the popular name for a style of Dr Pepper soft drink made by the Dublin Dr Pepper Bottling Company in Dublin, Texas.", "Dublin Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dublin Dr Pepper followed the original recipe, using cane sugar as the sweetener as opposed to newer high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).", "Dublin Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The Dublin plant formula's use of sugar made it popular among soda fans.", "Dublin Dr Pepper __knowledge__ According to the corporate headquarters at Dr Pepper Snapple Group, this resulted in clashes with other bottlers and the parent company of Dr Pepper.", "Dublin Dr Pepper __knowledge__ On 12 January 2012, it was announced that Dublin Dr. Pepper will no longer be produced, after the Dublin Dr Pepper Bottling Company settled the trademark dispute instigated by Dr Pepper Snapple Group.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ A soft drink (see terminology for other names) is a drink that typically contains carbonated water (although lemonade, among others, is usually not carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavoring.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ The sweetener may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar substitutes (in the case of diet drinks), or some combination of these.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives, and other ingredients.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Soft drinks are called \"soft\" in contrast with \"hard\" alcoholic beverages.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic.", "Sugary drink tax __knowledge__ A sugary drink tax or soda tax is a tax or surcharge designed to reduce consumption of drinks with added sugar.", "Sugary drink tax __knowledge__ Drinks covered under a soda tax often include carbonated soft drinks, sports drinks and energy drinks.", "Sugary drink tax __knowledge__ The tax is a matter of public debate in many countries and beverage producers like Coca-Cola often oppose it.", "Sugary drink tax __knowledge__ Advocates such as national medical associations and the World Health Organization (WHO) promote the tax as an example of Pigovian taxation, aimed to discourage unhealthy diets and offset the growing economic costs of obesity.", "Sugary drink tax __knowledge__ Type II Diabetes is a growing health concern in many developed and developing countries around the world, with 1.6 million deaths directly due to type II diabetes in 2015 alone.", "Carbonated water __knowledge__ Carbonated water (also known as sparkling water, seltzer water, seltzer, bubbly water, or fizzy water, or the closely related club soda or soda water) is water into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved.", "Carbonated water __knowledge__ Club soda or soda water may have additives, such as sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate or similar, but seltzer water is almost always composed of water and carbon dioxide with no other additives.", "Carbonated water __knowledge__ Carbonation is the process that causes the water to become effervescent.", "Carbonated water __knowledge__ Most carbonated water is sold in ready to drink bottles like carbonated beverages such as soft drinks, but it can also be prepared at home with \"soda makers\".", "7 Up __knowledge__ 7 Up (stylized as 7up outside the U.S.) is a brand of lemon-lime flavored, non-caffeinated soft drink.", "7 Up __knowledge__ The rights to the brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo (or its licensees) in the rest of the world.", "7 Up __knowledge__ The U.S. version of the \"7 Up\" logo includes a red circle between the \"7\" and \"Up\"; this red circle has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot.", "7 Up __knowledge__ 7 Up was created by Charles Leiper Grigg, who launched his St. Louis–based company The Howdy Corporation in 1920.", "7 Up __knowledge__ Grigg came up with the formula for a lemon-lime soft drink in 1929.", "7 Up __knowledge__ The product, originally named \"Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda\", was launched two weeks before the Wall Street Crash of 1929.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ Mountain Dew (stylized as Mtn Dew) is a carbonated soft drink brand produced and owned by PepsiCo.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ The original formula was invented in 1940 by Tennessee beverage bottlers Barney and Ally Hartman.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ A revised formula was created by Bill Bridgforth in 1958.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ The rights to this formula were obtained by the Tip Corporation of Marion, Virginia.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ William H. \"Bill\" Jones of the Tip corporation further refined the formula, launching that version of Mountain Dew in 1961.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ In August 1964, the Mountain Dew brand and production rights were acquired from Tip by the Pepsi-Cola company, at which point distribution expanded more widely across the United States and Canada." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dr Pepper is a carbonated soft drink marketed as having a unique flavor.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The drink was created in the 1880s by pharmacist Charles Alderton in Waco, Texas and first served around 1885.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dr Pepper was first nationally marketed in the United States in 1904, and is now also sold in Europe, Asia, Canada, Mexico, Australia, and South America, as well as New Zealand and South Africa as an imported good.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Variants include a version without high fructose corn syrup, Diet Dr Pepper, as well as a line of additional flavors, first introduced in the 2000s.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The U.S. Patent Office recognizes December 1, 1885, as the first time Dr Pepper was served.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ It was introduced nationally in the United States at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition as a new kind of soda pop, made with 23 flavors.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Its introduction in 1885 preceded the introduction of Coca-Cola by one year.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ It was formulated by Brooklyn-born pharmacist Charles Alderton in Morrison's Old Corner Drug Store in Waco, Texas.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ To test his new drink, he first offered it to store owner Wade Morrison, who also found it to his liking.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Patrons at Morrison's soda fountain soon learned of Alderton's new drink and began ordering a \"Waco\".", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Alderton gave the formula to Morrison, who named it Dr. Pepper (later stylized as \"Dr Pepper\").", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sucrose is common table sugar.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ It is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of the two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is refined.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ It has the formula CHO.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ For human consumption, sucrose is extracted, and refined, from either sugar cane or sugar beet.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sugar mills are located where sugar cane is grown to crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped around the world for refining into pure sucrose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Some sugar mills also process the raw sugar into pure sucrose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sugar beet factories are in colder climates where the beet is grown and process the beets directly into refined sugar.", "Sugar beet __knowledge__ Sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and which is grown commercially for sugar production.", "Sugar beet __knowledge__ In plant breeding it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet (\"Beta vulgaris\").", "Sugar beet __knowledge__ Together with other beet cultivars, such as beetroot and chard, it belongs to the subspecies \"Beta vulgaris\" subsp.", "Sugar beet __knowledge__ \"vulgaris.\"", "Sugar beet __knowledge__ Its closest wild relative is the Sea beet (\"Beta vulgaris\" subsp.", "Sugar beet __knowledge__ \"maritima\").", "Sugar beet __knowledge__ In 2013, Russia, France, the United States, Germany, and Turkey were the world's five largest sugar beet producers.", "Sugar beet __knowledge__ In 2010–2011, North America and Europe did not produce enough sugar from sugar beets to meet overall demand for sugar and were all net importers of sugar.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ Sugar is an indispensable part of human life.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ From the time of its invention, refined sugar has been a part of our day-to-day life.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ Sugar was first produced from sugarcane plants in northern India sometime after the first century.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ The derivation of the word “sugar” is thought to have been from Sanskrit and Sanskrit literature from India, written between 1500 - 500 B. C., provides the first documentation of the cultivation of sugar cane and manufacture of sugar in the Bengal region of India.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ The Sanskrit name for a crudely made sugar substance was guda, meaning “to make into a ball or to conglomerate.” The history of sugar has five main phases: Known worldwide through the end of the medieval period, sugar was very expensive and was considered a \"fine spice\", but from about the year 1500, technological improvements and New World sources began turning it into a much cheaper bulk commodity.", "Hacienda Mercedita __knowledge__ Hacienda Mercedita was a sugarcane plantation in Ponce, Puerto Rico, founded in 1861, by Juan Serrallés Colón.", "Hacienda Mercedita __knowledge__ Today Hacienda Mercedita no longer grows sugarcane and its lands are instead used for growing mangoes, grasses, landscape plants and palms, coconut palms, bananas, and seeds.", "Hacienda Mercedita __knowledge__ The Hacienda was the administrative center of the large sugarcane mill called \"Central Mercedita\" as well as that of its cane sugar refinery plant which packaged the \"Snow White\" brand sugar at its nearby packaging plant.", "Hacienda Mercedita __knowledge__ Hacienda Mercedita was also the site of origin of a rum production in 1865 that became the successful Destilería Serrallés rum distillery producing Don Q and other spirits.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus \"Saccharum\", tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ It has stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in the sugar sucrose, which accumulates in the stalk internodes.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ The plant is two to six meters (six to twenty feet) tall.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ All sugar cane species interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ Sugarcane belongs to the grass family Poaceae, an economically important seed plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum, and many forage crops.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida __knowledge__ Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida is a vertically integrated agricultural enterprise that harvests, transports and processes sugarcane grown primarily in Palm Beach County, Florida and markets the raw sugar and blackstrap molasses through the Florida Sugar and Molasses Exchange.", "Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida __knowledge__ The Cooperative is made up of 45 grower-owners who produce sugarcane on approximately 70,000 acres of some of the most fertile farmland in America, located in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA).", "Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida __knowledge__ Sugarcane grown by Cooperative members is harvested, transported and processed.", "Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida __knowledge__ The raw sugar is then marketed to one of the ASR Group's sugar refineries.", "Charles Alderton __knowledge__ Charles Courtice Alderton (June 21, 1857 May 29, 1941) was an American pharmacist, and the creator of the carbonated soft drink Dr Pepper.", "Charles Alderton __knowledge__ Charles Courtice Alderon was born (21 June 1857, Brooklyn, New York), the eldest of five children to English parents.", "Charles Alderton __knowledge__ Alderton attended Framlingham College in England, studied medicine at the University of Texas, and worked as a pharmacist in Waco, in a shop called \"Morrison's Old Corner Drug Store\", which had a soda fountain.", "Charles Alderton __knowledge__ Alderton noticed that customers were tiring of the traditional flavours of sarsaparilla, lemon and vanilla, and so to try and revive sales, began experimenting with new flavour combinations, eventually settling on a 23 ingredient mix combined with phosphoric acid to give it tang.", "Charles T. Pepper __knowledge__ Charles Taylor Pepper (December 2, 1830 – May 28, 1903), a 19th-century American medical doctor, is often cited as the inspiration for the name of the Dr Pepper brand soft drink, although this is uncertain.", "Charles T. Pepper __knowledge__ Pepper was born in Big Spring, Virginia, on December 2, 1830.", "Charles T. Pepper __knowledge__ His parents were John Pepper and Mary Robertson Pepper and he was their 12th child.", "Charles T. Pepper __knowledge__ Pepper attended the University of Virginia for medical training and received a degree in 1855. Pepper married Isabella Howe (1838–1903) of Rural Retreat on May 18, 1858, in Pulaski County, Virginia.", "Charles T. Pepper __knowledge__ She was a cousin to Governor James Hoge Tyler.", "Charles T. Pepper __knowledge__ They had five children that were all born in Rural Retreat.", "Waco, Texas __knowledge__ Waco ( ) is a city which is the county seat of McLennan County, Texas, United States.", "Waco, Texas __knowledge__ It is situated along the Brazos River and I-35, halfway between Dallas and Austin.", "Waco, Texas __knowledge__ The city had a 2010 population of 124,805, making it the 22nd-most populous city in the state.", "Waco, Texas __knowledge__ The US Census 2016 population estimate is 134,432 The Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of McLennan and Falls Counties, which had a 2010 population of 234,906.", "Waco, Texas __knowledge__ Falls County was added to the Waco MSA in 2013.", "Waco, Texas __knowledge__ The US Census 2016 population estimate for the Waco MSA is 265,207.", "Waco, Texas __knowledge__ Indigenous peoples occupied areas along the river for thousands of years.", "Waco siege __knowledge__ The Waco siege was the siege of a compound belonging to the group Branch Davidians by American federal and Texas state law enforcement, as well as the U.S. military, between February 28 and April 19, 1993.", "Waco siege __knowledge__ The Branch Davidians, a sect that separated in 1955 from the Seventh-day Adventist Church, was led by David Koresh and was headquartered at Mount Carmel Center ranch in the community of Axtell, Texas, 13 miles (21 kilometers) east-northeast of Waco.", "Waco siege __knowledge__ The group was suspected of weapons violations, causing a search and arrest warrant to be obtained by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF).", "Alderton, Northamptonshire __knowledge__ Alderton is a small English village and civil parish about south of Northampton, and north of Milton Keynes, along a road between the A5 and A508 main roads in the southwest and northeast respectively.", "Alderton, Northamptonshire __knowledge__ The nearest large town is Towcester, about north.", "Alderton, Northamptonshire __knowledge__ The village is famous for the remains of an English Heritage Scheduled Ancient Monument, a Norman Castle, known locally as \"The Mount\", which was the subject of an investigation by the Channel 4 programme \"Time Team\".", "Alderton, Northamptonshire __knowledge__ The 2001 census data is grouped with the nearby village of Grafton Regis and showed there were 248 people living in both villages, 134 male, 114 female, in 94 dwellings.", "Lynching of Jesse Washington __knowledge__ Jesse Washington was a black teenage farmhand who was lynched in Waco, Texas, on May 15, 1916, in what became a well-known example of racially motivated lynching.", "Lynching of Jesse Washington __knowledge__ Washington was convicted of raping and murdering Lucy Fryer, the wife of his white employer in rural Robinson, Texas.", "Lynching of Jesse Washington __knowledge__ He was dragged out of the court by observers and lynched in front of Waco's city hall.", "Lynching of Jesse Washington __knowledge__ Over 10,000 spectators, including city officials and police, gathered to watch the attack.", "Lynching of Jesse Washington __knowledge__ There was a celebratory atmosphere at the event, and many children attended during their lunch hour.", "Lynching of Jesse Washington __knowledge__ Members of the mob castrated Washington, cut off his fingers, and hung him over a bonfire." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dr Pepper is a carbonated soft drink marketed as having a unique flavor.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The drink was created in the 1880s by pharmacist Charles Alderton in Waco, Texas and first served around 1885.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Dr Pepper was first nationally marketed in the United States in 1904, and is now also sold in Europe, Asia, Canada, Mexico, Australia, and South America, as well as New Zealand and South Africa as an imported good.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Variants include a version without high fructose corn syrup, Diet Dr Pepper, as well as a line of additional flavors, first introduced in the 2000s.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ The U.S. Patent Office recognizes December 1, 1885, as the first time Dr Pepper was served.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ It was introduced nationally in the United States at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition as a new kind of soda pop, made with 23 flavors.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Its introduction in 1885 preceded the introduction of Coca-Cola by one year.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ It was formulated by Brooklyn-born pharmacist Charles Alderton in Morrison's Old Corner Drug Store in Waco, Texas.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ To test his new drink, he first offered it to store owner Wade Morrison, who also found it to his liking.", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Patrons at Morrison's soda fountain soon learned of Alderton's new drink and began ordering a \"Waco\".", "Dr Pepper __knowledge__ Alderton gave the formula to Morrison, who named it Dr. Pepper (later stylized as \"Dr Pepper\").", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients, which were kola nuts (a source of caffeine) and coca leaves.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published.", "Cocaine __knowledge__ Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.", "Cocaine __knowledge__ It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or as a solution injected into a vein.", "Cocaine __knowledge__ Mental effects may include loss of contact with reality, an intense feeling of happiness, or agitation.", "Cocaine __knowledge__ Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and large pupils.", "Cocaine __knowledge__ High doses can result in very high blood pressure or body temperature.", "Cocaine __knowledge__ Effects begin within seconds to minutes of use and last between five and ninety minutes.", "Cocaine __knowledge__ Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery.", "Edward Coke __knowledge__ Sir Edward Coke ( \"cook\", ; 1 February 1552 – 3 September 1634) was an English barrister, judge and, later, opposition politician, who is considered to be the greatest jurist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras.", "Edward Coke __knowledge__ Born into a middle-class family, Coke was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, before leaving to study at the Inner Temple, where he was called to the Bar on 20 April 1578.", "Edward Coke __knowledge__ As a barrister he took part in several notable cases, including \"Slade's Case\", before earning enough political favour to be elected to Parliament, where he served first as Solicitor General and then as Speaker of the House of Commons.", "Chinx __knowledge__ Lionel Pickens (December 4, 1983 – May 17, 2015), better known by his stage name Chinx (formerly Chinx Drugz), was an American hip hop recording artist from Queens, New York.", "Chinx __knowledge__ He was a member of the Rockaway Riot Squad alongside fellow slain rapper Stack Bundles.", "Chinx __knowledge__ Chinx later joined French Montana's Coke Boys Records.", "Chinx __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances on the \"Coke Boys\" mixtapes and the \"Cocaine Riot\" mixtape series.", "Chinx __knowledge__ He was killed by an unknown assailant through a fatal gunshot wound after a drive-by shooting in Jamaica, Queens, on May 17, 2015.", "Chinx __knowledge__ Chinx was born and raised in Far Rockaway, living in both Redfern Houses and Edgemere Houses, now known as Ocean Bay Apartments.", "Black pepper __knowledge__ Black pepper (\"Piper nigrum\") is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn.", "Black pepper __knowledge__ When fresh and fully mature, it is approximately in diameter and dark red, and contains a single seed like all drupes.", "Black pepper __knowledge__ Peppercorns and the ground pepper derived from them may be described simply as pepper, or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit), green pepper (dried unripe fruit), and white pepper (ripe fruit seeds).", "Black pepper __knowledge__ Black pepper is native to south India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions.", "Christopher Coke __knowledge__ Christopher Michael Coke, also known as Dudus (born 13 March 1969), is a Jamaican drug lord and the leader of the Shower Posse, a violent drug gang started by his father Lester Coke in Jamaica, which exported \"large quantities\" of marijuana and cocaine into the United States.", "Christopher Coke __knowledge__ Due to their father's drug profits, Christopher and his siblings grew up amidst wealth and attended elite private schools.", "Christopher Coke __knowledge__ His sister and brother were killed in drug-related violence, in 1987 and 2004, respectively.", "Christopher Coke __knowledge__ Coke was gradually brought into his father's organization.", "Christopher Coke __knowledge__ After his father's death in 1992, \"Dudus\", at the age of 23, became leader of the gang and also developed as the \"de facto\" leader of the Tivoli Gardens community in West Kingston.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ New France set up small settlements, and in 1803 Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Statehood for Missouri came following a compromise in 1820 that allowed slavery.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Settlement was rapid after 1820, aided by a network of rivers navigable by steamboats, centered in the dominant city St. Louis.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ It attracted European immigrants, especially Germans; the business community had a large Yankee element as well.", "WDCT __knowledge__ WDCT is a Korean Religious formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Fairfax, Virginia, serving Northern Virginia.", "WDCT __knowledge__ WDCT is owned and operated by Family Radio, Ltd.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles the flavoring is often loose in the cup.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Some instant noodle products are seal packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Dried noodle blocks are cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The main ingredients used in dried noodles are usually wheat flour, palm oil, and salt.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ At first, the discs were commonly made from shellac; starting in the 1950s polyvinyl chloride became common.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ In recent decades, records have sometimes been called vinyl records, or simply vinyl, although this would exclude most records made until after World War II.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century.", "Pharmaceutical industry __knowledge__ The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications.", "Pharmaceutical industry __knowledge__ Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices.", "Pharmaceutical industry __knowledge__ They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that govern the patenting, testing, safety, efficacy and marketing of drugs.", "Pharmaceutical industry __knowledge__ The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources.", "Pharmaceutical industry __knowledge__ The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s.", "Pharmaceutical industry __knowledge__ Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the isolation of morphine, analgesic and sleep-inducing agent from opium, by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner, who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus.", "LaserDisc __knowledge__ LaserDisc (abbreviated as LD) is a home video format and the first commercial optical disc storage medium, initially licensed, sold and marketed as MCA DiscoVision in North America in 1978.", "LaserDisc __knowledge__ Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, VHS and Betamax videotape, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programs.", "LaserDisc __knowledge__ It was not a popular format in Europe and Australia when first released, but eventually did gain traction in these regions to become popular in the 1990s.", "Home computer __knowledge__ Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s.", "Home computer __knowledge__ They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user.", "Home computer __knowledge__ These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability.", "Home computer __knowledge__ However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporary business computers." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "I prefer doctor pepper to other soda drinks. Dr Pepper is a carbonated soft drink ", "Its been around for a while, first created in 1880's by a pharmacist Charles Alderton in Waco, Texas", "It would have been market 1904 when everyone in the Us got a hold of one as it was first marketed then.", "Coke doesn't have cocaine in it any more though. Dr Pepper does have variants of it though without a high fructose corn syrup." ]

[ "Dr Pepper", "Dr Pepper", "Dr Pepper", "Dr Pepper" ]

[ "Ice cream", "i do.Chocolate its my favor flavour.Do you like dessert with the ice crea", "great!!! ANy other chocate dessert you like?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Steven Crea __knowledge__ Steven Lorenzo Crea (born July 18, 1947), is an American mobster.", "Steven Crea __knowledge__ He is a member of the Mafia (Cosa Nostra) and the current underboss of the Lucchese crime family.", "Steven Crea __knowledge__ Steven Lorenzo Crea was born on July 18, 1947.", "Steven Crea __knowledge__ Crea earned his nickname \"Wonderboy\" after the fictional Quality Comics superhero.", "Steven Crea __knowledge__ Crea was inducted into the Lucchese crime family sometime in the 1980s, under the reign of boss Anthony Corallo.", "Steven Crea __knowledge__ By 1990, family boss Victor Amuso appointed Crea capo, taking over Samuel \"Sammy Bones\" Castaldi's crew in the Bronx.", "Steven Crea __knowledge__ Crea specialized in labor rackets, and gained power over Carpenter's Local 608, using it to extort New York City contractors.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Dessert () is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The course usually consists of sweet foods, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine or liqueur, but may include coffee, cheeses, nuts, or other savory items.", "Dessert __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, such as much of central and western Africa, and most parts of China, there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The term \"dessert\" can apply to many confections, such as cakes, tarts, cookies, biscuits, gelatins, pastries, ice creams, pies, puddings, custards, and sweet soups.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness.", "Halva __knowledge__ Halva (\"halawa\", \"alva\", \"haleweh\", \"halava\", \"helava\", \"helva\", \"halwa\", \"halua\", \"aluva\", \"chalva\", \"chałwa\") is any of various dense, sweet confections served across the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Balkans, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Malta and the Jewish diaspora.", "Halva __knowledge__ In some Indian cultures, the dish is known as a soup-based sweet.", "Halva __knowledge__ Identical sweets exist in other countries, such as China, though these are not generally referred to as \"halva\".", "Halva __knowledge__ In global, popular usage it means \"desserts\" or \"sweet\", and describes two types of desserts: Halva may also be based on various other ingredients, including beans, lentils, and vegetables such as carrots, pumpkins, yams and squashes.", "List of Lucchese crime family mobsters __knowledge__ This article is about current and past members of the Lucchese crime family.", "List of Lucchese crime family mobsters __knowledge__ Peter Argentina is a soldier and younger brother to Ray Argentina, a made member in the family.", "List of Lucchese crime family mobsters __knowledge__ In 1992, he was acquitted of participating in an armored car heist.", "List of Lucchese crime family mobsters __knowledge__ On June 21, 2011, Carl Lastorino, the son of Frank Lastorino, shot Argentina in the hand and shoulder.", "List of Lucchese crime family mobsters __knowledge__ While escaping Carl Lastorino was shot to death by the police.", "List of Lucchese crime family mobsters __knowledge__ Carmine Avellino (born July 15, 1944) is a capo and younger brother to Salvatore Avellino a made member in the family.", "List of Lucchese crime family mobsters __knowledge__ In 1984, Avellino and his brother Salvatore had a sitdown with Bonanno crime family members Steven Cannone, Joseph Massino, Salvatore Vitale over \"King Caterers\".", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are produced in different variations around the world, with several countries claiming to have invented it or hailing it as their \"national confection\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Originally the treat was made using cream (hence the Danish name \"flødeboller\" (cream buns)), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Many languages used to call these treats by phrases or compounds using a counterpart to negro (e.g.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ \"negro's kiss\", \"negro bun\"); most but not all of these are increasingly being avoided, especially in formal writing, in favour of replacements such as \"choco-kiss\".", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate ice cream is ice cream with natural or artificial chocolate flavoring.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate is the second most common flavor of ice cream in the United States, after vanilla.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ The earliest frozen chocolate recipes were published in Naples, Italy in 1693 in Antonio Latini's \"The Modern Steward\".", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate was one of the first ice cream flavors, created before vanilla, as common drinks such as hot chocolate, coffee, and tea were the first food items to be turned into frozen desserts.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Hot chocolate had become a popular drink in seventeenth-century Europe, alongside coffee and tea, and all three beverages were used to make frozen and unfrozen desserts.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup.", "Sundae __knowledge__ The sundae () is a sweet ice cream dessert.", "Sundae __knowledge__ It typically consists of one or more scoops of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup, and in some cases other toppings including sprinkles, whipped cream, peanuts, maraschino cherries, or other fruits (e.g., bananas and pineapple in a banana split.).", "Sundae __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the origin of the term \"sundae\" is obscure; however, it is generally accepted that the spelling \"sundae\" derives from the English word \"Sunday\".", "Sundae __knowledge__ Among the many stories about the invention of the sundae, a frequent theme is that the ice cream sundae was a variation of the popular ice cream soda.", "Wispa __knowledge__ Wispa is a brand of chocolate bar manufactured by Cadbury using aerated chocolate.", "Wispa __knowledge__ The bar was launched in 1981 as a trial version in North East England and with its success it was introduced nationally in 1983.", "Wispa __knowledge__ It was seen as a competitor to Rowntree's Aero (now owned by Nestlé).", "Wispa __knowledge__ In 2003, as part of a relaunch of the Cadbury Dairy Milk brand, the Wispa brand was discontinued and the product relaunched as \"Dairy Milk Bubbly\".", "Wispa __knowledge__ As part of the relaunch, the product was reshaped as a standard moulded bar (similar to other 'Dairy Milk' products) instead of a whole-bar count-line.", "Wispa __knowledge__ However, in 2007, helped by an Internet campaign by enthusiasts, the Wispa bar was relaunched, albeit for a \"limited period\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Alejandro Jodorowsky __knowledge__ Alejandro Jodorowsky Prullansky (; born 17 February 1929) is a Chilean-French filmmaker.", "Alejandro Jodorowsky __knowledge__ Active since 1948, in seventy years of his artistic career Jodorowsky has experienced it in almost all creative forms: writer (in his five facets: novelist, storyteller, poet, playwright and essayist), film director and producer, actor of cinema and theatre, playwright, theatre director, screenwriter, film editor, comics writer, musician, soundtrack composer, philosopher, puppeteer, mime, psychologist and psychoanalyst (Psycho-magician) draughtsman, painter, eventually sculptor and spiritual guru.", "Alejandro Jodorowsky __knowledge__ Best known for his avant-garde films, he has been \"venerated by cult cinema enthusiasts\" for his work which \"is filled with violently surreal images and a hybrid blend of mysticism and religious provocation\".", "Dessert __knowledge__ Dessert () is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The course usually consists of sweet foods, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine or liqueur, but may include coffee, cheeses, nuts, or other savory items.", "Dessert __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, such as much of central and western Africa, and most parts of China, there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The term \"dessert\" can apply to many confections, such as cakes, tarts, cookies, biscuits, gelatins, pastries, ice creams, pies, puddings, custards, and sweet soups.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness.", "Dessert wine __knowledge__ Dessert wines, sometimes called pudding wines, are sweet wines typically served with dessert.", "Dessert wine __knowledge__ There is no simple definition of a dessert wine.", "Dessert wine __knowledge__ In the UK, a dessert wine is considered to be any sweet wine drunk with a meal, as opposed to the white fortified wines (fino and amontillado sherry) drunk before the meal, and the red fortified wines (port and madeira) drunk after it.", "Dessert wine __knowledge__ Thus, most fortified wines are regarded as distinct from dessert wines, but some of the less strong fortified white wines, such as Pedro Ximénez sherry and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise, are regarded as honorary dessert wines.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ Christmas dinner is a meal traditionally eaten at Christmas.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ This meal can take place any time from the evening of Christmas Eve to the evening of Christmas Day itself.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ The meals are often particularly rich and substantial, in the tradition of the Christian feast day celebration, and form a significant part of gatherings held to celebrate Christmas.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ In some cases, there is a ritual element to the meal related to the religious celebration.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ The actual meal consumed varies in different parts of the world with regional cuisines and local traditions.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ In many parts of the world, particularly former British colonies, the meal shares some connection with the English Christmas dinner involving roasted meats and pudding of some description.", "Banana __knowledge__ The banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus \"Musa\".", "Banana __knowledge__ In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called plantains, in contrast to dessert bananas.", "Banana __knowledge__ The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe.", "Banana __knowledge__ The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant.", "Banana __knowledge__ Almost all modern edible parthenocarpic (seedless) bananas come from two wild species – \"Musa acuminata\" and \"Musa balbisiana\".", "Jell-O __knowledge__ Jell-O is a registered trademark of Kraft Foods for varieties of gelatin desserts, including fruit gels, puddings and no-bake cream pies.", "Jell-O __knowledge__ Jell-O is sold prepared (ready to eat) or in powder form, and is available in various colors and flavors.", "Jell-O __knowledge__ The powder contains powdered gelatin and flavorings, including sugar or artificial sweeteners.", "Jell-O __knowledge__ It is dissolved in hot water, then chilled and allowed to set.", "Jell-O __knowledge__ Fruit, vegetables, and whipped cream can be added to make elaborate snacks that can be molded into shapes.", "Jell-O __knowledge__ Jell-O must be put in a refrigerator until served, and once set, it can be eaten.", "Jell-O __knowledge__ There are non-gelatin pudding and pie filling products sold under the Jell-O brand.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are produced in different variations around the world, with several countries claiming to have invented it or hailing it as their \"national confection\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Originally the treat was made using cream (hence the Danish name \"flødeboller\" (cream buns)), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Many languages used to call these treats by phrases or compounds using a counterpart to negro (e.g.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ \"negro's kiss\", \"negro bun\"); most but not all of these are increasingly being avoided, especially in formal writing, in favour of replacements such as \"choco-kiss\".", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ A marshmallow is a sugar-based confection that in its modern form typically consists of sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a spongy consistency, molded into small cylindrical pieces, and coated with corn starch.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ Some marshmallow recipes call for eggs.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ This is the modern version of a medicinal confection made from \"Althaea officinalis\", the marshmallow plant.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ The word marshmallow stems from the mallow plant (\"Althaea officinalis\") that is a genus of an herb native to parts of Europe, North Africa, and Asia.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ The word \"marsh\" is used because the mallow plant grows in marshes and other damp areas.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Russian cuisine is a collection of the different cooking traditions of the Russian people.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine is diverse, with Northern and Eastern European, Caucasian, Central Asian, Siberian, and East Asian influences .", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Russian cuisine derives its varied character from the vast and multi-ethnic expanse of Russia.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Moreover, it is necessary to divide Russian traditional cuisine and Soviet cuisine, which has its own peculiarity.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Its foundations were laid by the peasant food of the rural population in an often harsh climate, with a combination of plentiful fish, pork, poultry, caviar, mushrooms, berries, and honey.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Farley's & Sathers Candy Company was created as an umbrella company to roll-up many small companies, brands and products under a common management team.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ The confectionery business segment is made up of many small companies, often with intertwined relationships and histories.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Catterton Partners formed the Farley's & Sathers Candy Company in 2002 as a vehicle for the purchase of some of the former Farley Foods Company and Sathers Candy Company assets and brands from Kraft.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Since that time, additional brands and businesses have been added to the roster.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ In 2012, the owners of Farley's & Sathers, L Catterton Partners, purchased Ferrara Pan Candy Company.", "Elvirasminde __knowledge__ Elvirasminde or Elvirasminde A/S is a company and chocolate factory in Skanderborg, Denmark.", "Elvirasminde __knowledge__ It is a major producer of sweets and nationally the largest producer of Flødeboller, a Danish version of chocolate-coated marshmallow treats under the brand name \"Samba\".", "Elvirasminde __knowledge__ The company produced 1-2 million units per day in 2016 and sells worldwide.", "Elvirasminde __knowledge__ The company is situated in northern Skanderborg on \"Danmarksvej\".", "Elvirasminde __knowledge__ In 2014 \"Spangsberg Chokoladefabrik\" based in Copenhagen bought Elvirasminde and moved its production of Spangsberg marshmallow treats to the factory in Skanderborg.", "Elvirasminde __knowledge__ In 1866 Eiler Christian Mehl established a chocolate factory in Aarhus which was bought by Anton Theodor Ramsing in 1875.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico." ] ]

[ 2, 42, 19 ]

[ "I love love love chocolate ice cream! do you like chocolate ice cream as much as i do? Its made out of dairy products like milk and cream ", "I love dessert, especially any kind of chocolate coated marshmallow. ", "I like alot of fruit, they consider that a dessert because it has a natural sweetness to it." ]

[ "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream" ]

[ "History of vegetarianism\nI am trying to learn more about the history of vegetarianism, are you vegan by any chance?", "OK and it means not eating meat but what about eggs cheese or milk?", "What about shellfish?", "I do. Can you tell me the difference between Vegan and Vegetarian? Its confusing" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Mixtures of milk and meat (, \"basar bechalav\", literally \"meat in milk\") are prohibited according to \"Jewish law\".", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ This dietary law, basic to kashrut, is based on two verses in the Book of Exodus, which forbid \"boiling a (kid) goat in its mother's milk\" and a third repetition of this prohibition in Deuteronomy.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Some claim the Biblical statement was referring to sebum (חֵלֶב) and not milk (חָלָב).", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ According to the Talmud, these three almost identical references are the basis for three distinct dietary laws: There are three categories of Kosher food – Meat, Dairy and Parve.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Haimes disagrees with this law on the grounds that the Torah only mentions not to boil a young goat in it's mother's milk.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Diet in Hinduism varies with its diverse traditions.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The ancient and medieval Hindu texts do not explicitly prohibit eating meat, but they do strongly recommend ahimsa—non-violence against all life forms including animals.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Many Hindus prefer a vegetarian or lacto-vegetarian lifestyle, and methods of food production that are in sync with nature, compassionate, and respectful of other life forms as well as nature.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The diet of Hindus usually does not include eggs, fish or meat.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ However, if included, Hindus often favor \"jhatka\" (quick death) style preparation of meat since Hindus believe that this method minimizes trauma and suffering to the animal.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ The psychology of eating meat is a complex area of study illustrating the confluence of morality, emotions, cognition, and personality characteristics.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the psychological and cultural factors of meat eating suggests correlations with masculinity; support for hierarchical values; and reduced openness to experience.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Because meat eating is widely practiced but is sometimes associated with ambivalence, it has been used as a case study in moral psychology to illustrate theories of cognitive dissonance and moral disengagement.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the consumer psychology of meat is relevant both to meat industry marketing and to advocates of reduced meat consumption." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Shellfish Association of Great Britain __knowledge__ The Shellfish Association of Great Britain (SAGB) is a historic association that was founded as the Oyster Merchants’ and Planters’ Association in 1903, it was renamed the SAGB in 1969.", "Shellfish Association of Great Britain __knowledge__ They cover a wide range of topics within the shellfish industry, from trading to advice on nutritional standards and also the sustainability of the industry.", "Shellfish Association of Great Britain __knowledge__ The SAGB is the Shellfish industry’s trade body with the director and staff based at Fishmongers’ Hall which is also home to the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers and can be found in the City of London.", "Shellfish Association of Great Britain __knowledge__ The SAGB consists of a wide range of members located within the Shellfish farming and fishing industry, within commercial companies and traders of Shellfish products, the Seafish Industry Authority and the major Sea Fisheries Committees.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ Shellfish is a culinary and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some kinds are found in freshwater.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ In addition, a few species of land crabs are eaten, for example \"Cardisoma guanhumi\" in the Caribbean.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ Despite the name, shellfish are not a kind of fish, but are simply water-dwelling animals.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ Many varieties of shellfish (crustaceans in particular) are actually closely related to insects and arachnids, making up one of the main classes of the phylum Arthropoda.", "Harmful algal bloom __knowledge__ A harmful algal bloom (HAB) are organisms that can severely lower oxygen levels in natural waters, killing marine life.", "Harmful algal bloom __knowledge__ Some HABs are associated with algae-produced toxins.", "Harmful algal bloom __knowledge__ Blooms can last from a few days to many months.", "Harmful algal bloom __knowledge__ After the bloom dies, the microbes which decompose the dead algae use up even more of the oxygen, which can create fish die-offs.", "Harmful algal bloom __knowledge__ When these zones of depleted oxygen cover a large area for an extended period of time, they are referred to as dead zones, where neither fish nor plants are able to survive.", "Harmful algal bloom __knowledge__ HABs are induced by an overabundance of nutrients in the water.", "Harmful algal bloom __knowledge__ The two most common nutrients are fixed nitrogen (nitrates, ammonia, urea) and phosphate.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Many species of fish are consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Fish has been an important source of protein and other nutrients for humans from time immemorial.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ In culinary and fishery contexts, \"fish\" may include shellfish, such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ English does not distinguish between \"fish\" as an animal and the food prepared from it, as it does with \"pig\" vs. \"pork\" or \"cow\" vs. \"beef\".", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Some other languages do, as in the Spanish \" versus \".", "Fish as food __knowledge__ The modern English word for fish comes from the Old English word \"fisc\" (plural: \"fiscas\") which was pronounced as it is today.", "Decarbamoylsaxitoxin __knowledge__ Decarbamoylsaxitoxin, abbreviated as dcSTX, is a neurotoxin which is naturally produced in dinoflagellate.", "Decarbamoylsaxitoxin __knowledge__ DcSTX is one of the many analogues of saxitoxin (STX).", "Decarbamoylsaxitoxin __knowledge__ Saxitoxin, as shown in figure 1, is a tricyclic alkaloid compound, which has multiple structural related neurotoxins.", "Decarbamoylsaxitoxin __knowledge__ One of those related neurotoxins is neosaxitoxin (NSTX) in which the nitrogen at place 2 is not bound to a hydrogen, but to a hydroxyl group.", "Decarbamoylsaxitoxin __knowledge__ Another toxic analogue of saxitoxin is gonyautoxin (GTX).", "Decarbamoylsaxitoxin __knowledge__ The difference between GTX and STX is that on the carbon at place 11, a hydrogensulfate is bound.", "Decarbamoylsaxitoxin __knowledge__ Between dcSTX, NSTX and GTX, dcSTX is the one which varies most from saxitoxin.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ The majority are filter feeders.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ The gills have evolved into ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing.", "Azaspiracid __knowledge__ Azaspiracids (AZA) are a group of polycyclic ether marine algal toxins produced by the small dinoflagellate \"Azadinium spinosum\" that can accumulate in humans causing illnesses.", "Azaspiracid __knowledge__ Azaspiracid was first identified in the 1990s following an outbreak of human illness in the Netherlands that was associated with ingestion of contaminated shellfish originating from Killary Harbour, Ireland.", "Azaspiracid __knowledge__ To date, over 20 AZA analogues have been identified in phytoplankton and shellfish.", "Azaspiracid __knowledge__ Over the last 15 years, AZAs have been reported in shellfish from many coastal regions of western Europe, Northern Africa, South America, and North America.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegan dog food may incorporate the use of fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, as well as any other non-animal based foods.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ The omnivorous domestic canine has evolved to metabolize carbohydrates and thrive on a diet lower in protein, and therefore, a vegan diet may be substantial if properly formulated and balanced.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be defined as the practice of consuming foods that are primarily derived from plants, with or without dairy products, eggs, and/or honey.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ Shellfish is a culinary and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some kinds are found in freshwater.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ In addition, a few species of land crabs are eaten, for example \"Cardisoma guanhumi\" in the Caribbean.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ Despite the name, shellfish are not a kind of fish, but are simply water-dwelling animals.", "Shellfish __knowledge__ Many varieties of shellfish (crustaceans in particular) are actually closely related to insects and arachnids, making up one of the main classes of the phylum Arthropoda.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον \"arthron\", \"joint\" and πούς \"pous\", \"foot\") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ Arthropods form the phylum Euarthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ The term Arthropoda as originally proposed refers to a proposed grouping of Euarthropods and the phylum Onychophora.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine life, or sea life or ocean life, refers to the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.", "Marine life __knowledge__ At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine organisms produce much of the oxygen we breathe.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Most life forms evolved initially in marine habitats.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Oceans provide about 99 percent of the living space on the planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ The earliest vertebrates appeared in the form of fish, which live exclusively in water.", "Insect __knowledge__ Insects or Insecta (from Latin ', a calque of Greek ['], \"cut into sections\") are by far the largest group of hexapod invertebrates within the arthropod phylum.", "Insect __knowledge__ Definitions and circumscriptions vary; in one approach insects comprise a class within the Phylum Arthropoda.", "Insect __knowledge__ As the term is used here, it is synonymous with Ectognatha.", "Insect __knowledge__ Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.", "Insect __knowledge__ They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other aquatic organisms.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ It is less commonly spelled aquiculture), and is also known as aquafarming.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture \"is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants.", "Fish __knowledge__ Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.", "Fish __knowledge__ They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores.", "Fish __knowledge__ Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups.", "Fish __knowledge__ Tetrapods emerged within lobe-finned fishes, so cladistically they are fish as well.", "Fish __knowledge__ However, traditionally fish are rendered paraphyletic by excluding the tetrapods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals which all descended from within the same ancestry).", "Fish __knowledge__ Because in this manner the term \"fish\" is defined negatively as a paraphyletic group, it is not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 13, 8 ]

[ "I'm vegetarian! The practice of not eating meat has roots in ancient Indian and Greece civilizations. ", "Some vegetarians will eat milk and eggs ad even sea animals like fish. ", "Yes, some vegetarians will eat exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates like mulluscs and crustaceans. Do you like shellfish?", "Well vegetarians will simply not eat mean, while vegans do not eat any animal products whatsoever. So no milk, eggs, honey etc. Vegans will usually also have ethical reason for not using the products. Vegetarians make up about 0.5% of the population in the Western World." ]

[ "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism" ]

[ "Florida", "I would love to visit Florida, it looks so beautiful, I bet a lot of people live there!", "I see, so there are lots of people in the same area. Are there lots of beaches there?", "Oh wow, I need to visit soon! I wonder how long Florida has been around" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.", "Visit Florida __knowledge__ VISIT FLORIDA, the state's official tourism marketing corporation, serves as Florida's official source for travel planning to visitors across the globe.", "Visit Florida __knowledge__ VISIT FLORIDA is not a government agency, but rather a not-for-profit corporation created as a public/private partnership by the Florida Legislature in 1996.", "Visit Florida __knowledge__ On June 19, 1996, Governor Lawton Chiles signed a bill that dissolved Florida's Department of Commerce and turned its tourism functions over to the Florida Commission on Tourism.", "Visit Florida __knowledge__ The Florida Commission on Tourism is a private/public partnership, consisting of the Governor, one member from the Florida Senate and the Florida House of Representatives and representatives from the various sectors of the state's tourism industry.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2011 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ The first main character to be announced was Eddie Moon, the father of Michael Moon.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ Poppy Meadow was introduced in January 2011 as the best friend of Jodie Gold, and Rob Grayson joined the series in February, as did Shenice Quinn.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ashley Chubb was introduced in March as the father of established character Fatboy.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ In April, Janine Butcher's grandmother, Lydia Simmonds, and Tanya Branning and Rainie Cross's mother, Cora Cross, both joined the series and Martin was introduced as the new love interest for Jane Beale.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Humid subtropical climate __knowledge__ A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild winters.", "Humid subtropical climate __knowledge__ These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents, generally between latitudes 25° and 35° and are located poleward from adjacent tropical climates.", "Humid subtropical climate __knowledge__ While many subtropical climates tend to be located at or near coastal locations, in some cases they extend inland, most notably in China and the United States.", "Humid subtropical climate __knowledge__ Under the Köppen climate classification, Cfa and Cwa climates are either described as humid subtropical climates or mild temperate climates.", "Humid subtropical climate __knowledge__ This climate features mean temperatures in the coldest month between and and mean temperatures in the warmest month or higher.", "Climatic regions of Argentina __knowledge__ Due to its vast size and range of altitudes, Argentina possesses a wide variety of climatic regions, ranging from the hot subtropical region in the north to the cold subantarctic in the far south.", "Climatic regions of Argentina __knowledge__ Lying between those is the Pampas region, featuring a mild and humid climate.", "Climatic regions of Argentina __knowledge__ Many regions have different, often contrasting, microclimates.", "Climatic regions of Argentina __knowledge__ In general, Argentina has four main climate types: warm, moderate, arid, and cold in which the relief features, and the latitudinal extent of the country, determine the different varieties within the main climate types.", "Climatic regions of Argentina __knowledge__ Northern parts of the country are characterized by hot, humid summers with mild, drier winters, and highly seasonal precipitation.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ The climate of Argentina is a complex subject: the vast size of the country and considerable variation in altitude make for a wide range of climate types.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ Argentina has four seasons: winter (June–August), spring (September–November), summer (December–February) and autumn (March–May), all featuring different weather conditions.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ Summers are the warmest and wettest season in most of the country except in most of Patagonia where it is the driest season.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ Winters are normally mild in the north, cool in the center and cold in the southern parts with the latter experiencing frequent frost and snow.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ Because southern parts of the country are moderated by the surrounding oceans, the cold is less intense and prolonged than areas at comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ Chiapas (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas (), is one of the 31 states that with Mexico City make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ It is divided into 124 municipalities as of September 2017 and its capital city is Tuxtla Gutiérrez.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ Other important population centers in Chiapas include Ocosingo, Tapachula, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Comitán and Arriaga.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ It is the southernmost state, bordered by the states of Oaxaca to the west, Veracruz to the northwest and Tabasco to the north, and by the Petén, Quiché, Huehuetenango and San Marcos departments of Guatemala to the east and southeast.", "Connecticut __knowledge__ Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "Connecticut __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census, Connecticut features the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index (0.962), and median household income in the United States.", "Connecticut __knowledge__ Connecticut is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south.", "Connecticut __knowledge__ Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport.", "Connecticut __knowledge__ Although Connecticut is technically part of New England, it is often grouped along with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-state area.", "Connecticut __knowledge__ The state is named for the Connecticut River, a major U.S. river that approximately bisects the state.", "Kansas __knowledge__ Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.", "Kansas __knowledge__ Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita.", "Kansas __knowledge__ Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area.", "Kansas __knowledge__ The tribe's name (natively \"\") is often said to mean \"people of the (south) wind\" although this was probably not the term's original meaning.", "Kansas __knowledge__ For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes.", "Kansas __knowledge__ Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys.", "Kansas __knowledge__ Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.", "Brownsville, Brooklyn __knowledge__ Brownsville is a residential neighborhood located in eastern Brooklyn in New York City.", "Brownsville, Brooklyn __knowledge__ The area that comprises Brownsville has 58,300 residents as of the 2010 United States Census.", "Brownsville, Brooklyn __knowledge__ Part of Brooklyn Community Board 16, Brownsville is generally considered part of greater East New York, though it is not actually a part of East New York itself.", "Brownsville, Brooklyn __knowledge__ The neighborhood's boundaries are unclear, but it is generally bordered by Crown Heights and Weeksville to the northwest; Bushwick and Cypress Hills to the north; New Lots to the east; Canarsie to the south; and East Flatbush to the west.", "Brownsville, Brooklyn __knowledge__ Founded in its current incarnation in 1858, it has been characterized as a slum through most of its existence.", "Coney Island __knowledge__ Coney Island is a peninsular residential neighborhood, beach, and leisure/entertainment destination of Long Island on the Coney Island Channel, which is part of the Lower Bay in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City.", "Coney Island __knowledge__ The site was formerly an outer barrier island but became partially connected to the rest of Long Island by land fill.", "Coney Island __knowledge__ The residential portion of the peninsula is a community of 60,000 people in its western part, with Sea Gate to its west, Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach to its east, the Lower Bay to the south, and Gravesend to the north.", "Coney Island __knowledge__ Coney Island is well known as the site of amusement parks and a seaside resort.", "Balboa Island, Newport Beach __knowledge__ Balboa Island is a community located in Newport Beach, California, accessible to the public via bridge, ferry and several public docks.", "Balboa Island, Newport Beach __knowledge__ The community is surrounded by a paved concrete boardwalk open to pedestrian traffic, designated as a public walking trail by the city.", "Balboa Island, Newport Beach __knowledge__ Balboa Island's Marine Avenue is home to local small businesses including restaurants, bakeries and local crafts.", "Balboa Island, Newport Beach __knowledge__ The island also has its own fire station and post office.", "Balboa Island, Newport Beach __knowledge__ The Balboa Island community consists of three modified or artificial islands in Newport Harbor: Balboa Island (), the largest; the smaller Little Balboa Island () to the east of Balboa Island, joined by a two-lane bridge; and the smallest Collins Isle () to the northwest of Balboa Island, joined by a one-lane bridge.", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 was the original design for the streets of Manhattan above Houston Street and below 155th Street, which put in place the rectangular grid plan of streets and lots that has defined Manhattan to this day.", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ It has been called \"the single most important document in New York City's development,\" and the plan has been described as encompassing the \"republican predilection for control and balance ... [and] distrust of nature.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ It was described by the Commission that created it as combining \"beauty, order and convenience.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ The plan originated when the Common Council of New York City, seeking to provide for the orderly development and sale of the land of Manhattan between 14th Street and Washington Heights, but unable to do so itself for reasons of local politics and objections from property owners, asked the New York State Legislature to step in.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ A parking lot (American English) or car park (British English), also known as a car lot, is a cleared area that is intended for parking vehicles.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ Usually, the term refers to a dedicated area that has been provided with a durable or semi-durable surface.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ In most countries where cars are the dominant mode of transportation, parking lots are a feature of every city and suburban area.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ Shopping malls, sports stadiums, megachurches and similar venues often feature parking lots of immense area.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ Parking lots tend to be sources of water pollution because of their extensive impervious surfaces.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ Most existing lots have limited or no facilities to control runoff.", "SpaceX South Texas Launch Site __knowledge__ The SpaceX South Texas Launch Site is a spaceport being built at Boca Chica Village near Brownsville, Texas for the private use of Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX).", "SpaceX South Texas Launch Site __knowledge__ Its purpose is \"to provide SpaceX an exclusive launch site that would allow the company to accommodate its launch manifest and meet tight launch windows.\"", "SpaceX South Texas Launch Site __knowledge__ The launch site is intended to support launches of the SpaceX Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles as well as \"a variety of reusable suborbital launch vehicles.\"", "SpaceX South Texas Launch Site __knowledge__ SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has also indicated that he expects \"commercial astronauts, private astronauts, to be departing from South Texas,\" and he foresees launching spacecraft to Mars from there.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Shrinking cities or urban depopulation are dense cities that have experienced notable population loss.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Emigration (migration from a place) is a common reason for city shrinkage.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Since the infrastructure of such cities was built to support a larger population, its maintenance can become a serious concern.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ A related phenomenon is counter urbanization.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The phenomenon of shrinking cities generally refers to a metropolitan area that experiences significant population loss in a short period of time.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The theory is also known as counterurbanization, metropolitan deconcentration, and metropolitan turnaround.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Hudson County, a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey, lies west of the lower Hudson River, which was named for Henry Hudson, the sea captain who explored the area in 1609.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Part of New Jersey's Gateway Region in the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is its largest city and county seat.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2016 Census estimate, Hudson County was the fastest-growing county in New Jersey compared to 2010; the county's population was 677,983, making it the state's 4th-most populous county, an increase of 6.9% from the 2010 United States Census, when its population was enumerated at 634,266, in turn an increase of 25,291 (+4.2%) from the 608,975 enumerated in the 2000 Census.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ San Francisco (initials SF) (, Spanish for Saint Francis; Spanish: ), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ The consolidated city-county covers an area of about , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ It is the fourth-most populous city in California, and the 13th-most populous in the United States, with a 2016 census-estimated population of 870,887.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ The population is projected to reach 1 million by 2033.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ San Francisco is also the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four New York City boroughs.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ According to the 2010 United States Census the city had a total population of 66,455, reflecting a decline of 633 (−0.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census it was the most densely populated city in the United States, with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 1, 1925, with the merger of Union Hill and West Hoboken Township.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city's name marks the combination of the two municipalities.", "Indonesia __knowledge__ Indonesia ( or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.", "Indonesia __knowledge__ Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands.", "Indonesia __knowledge__ At , Indonesia is the world's 14th largest country in terms of land area and the 7th largest in terms of combined sea and land area.", "Indonesia __knowledge__ With over floor(/1e6) million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Austronesian and Muslim-majority country." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Record Plant __knowledge__ The Record Plant was a series of three famous recording studios which were founded by Gary Kellgren and Chris Stone, beginning in New York City in 1968.", "Record Plant __knowledge__ The next year, Kellgren and Stone opened a second studio in Los Angeles.", "Record Plant __knowledge__ In 1972, the company expanded again with a third location in Sausalito, California.", "Record Plant __knowledge__ Kellgren died in 1977, and in the 1980s, the New York and Sausalito studios ended up under different ownership and management.", "Record Plant __knowledge__ The New York studio closed in 1987 and the Sausalito studio closed in 2008.", "Record Plant __knowledge__ The Los Angeles studio continues in business as the \"Record Plant\".", "Record Plant __knowledge__ The Record Plant in New York was the first studio to give the recording artist a comfortable, casual environment rather than the clinical setting that was the norm through the 1960s.", "Jacksonville, Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville () is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Florida and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States.", "Jacksonville, Florida __knowledge__ It is the seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968.", "Jacksonville, Florida __knowledge__ Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits.", "Jacksonville, Florida __knowledge__ With an estimated population of 907,529 as of 2017, Jacksonville is also the most populous city in the southeastern United States.", "Jacksonville, Florida __knowledge__ The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,626,611 and is the fourth largest in Florida.", "Jacksonville, Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeast Florida, about south of the Georgia state line and north of Miami.", "Neighborhoods of Jacksonville __knowledge__ There are more than 500 neighborhoods within the area of Jacksonville, Florida, the largest city in the contiguous United States by area.", "Neighborhoods of Jacksonville __knowledge__ These include Downtown Jacksonville and surrounding neighborhoods.", "Neighborhoods of Jacksonville __knowledge__ Additionally, greater Jacksonville is traditionally divided into several major sections with amorphous boundaries: Northside, Westside, Southside, and Arlington, as well as the Jacksonville Beaches.", "Neighborhoods of Jacksonville __knowledge__ There are four municipalities within Duval County that are outside of Jacksonville's city limits: Baldwin, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Jacksonville Beach.", "Neighborhoods of Jacksonville __knowledge__ The latter three communities, all located on a coastal barrier island, form part of the area known as the Jacksonville Beaches, together with Mayport within the Jacksonville city limits and Ponte Vedra Beach in St. Johns County.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ Vancouver (, ) is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fourth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census.", "Jacksonville Beaches __knowledge__ The Jacksonville Beaches, known locally as the \"Beaches\" or the \"Beach\", are a group of towns and communities on the northern half of an unnamed barrier island on the US state of Florida's First Coast, all of which are suburbs or parts of the city of Jacksonville.", "Jacksonville Beaches __knowledge__ These communities are separated from the main body of the city of Jacksonville by the Intracoastal Waterway.", "Jacksonville Beaches __knowledge__ The Jacksonville Beaches are located in Duval and northern St. Johns County, and make up part of the Jacksonville metropolitan area.", "Jacksonville Beaches __knowledge__ The population of the beaches in 2009 is 68,118.", "Jacksonville Beaches __knowledge__ The main communities generally identified as part of the Beaches are Mayport, Seminole Beach, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, Jacksonville Beach, and Ponte Vedra Beach.", "Sonora __knowledge__ Sonora (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Sonora (), is one of 31 states that, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of United Mexican States.", "Sonora __knowledge__ It is divided into 72 municipalities; the capital city is Hermosillo.", "Sonora __knowledge__ Sonora is bordered by the states of Chihuahua to the east, Baja California to the northwest and Sinaloa to the south.", "Sonora __knowledge__ To the north, it shares the U.S.–Mexico border with the states of Arizona and New Mexico, and on the west has a significant share of the coastline of the Gulf of California.", "Sonora __knowledge__ Sonora's natural geography is divided into three parts: the Sierra Madre Occidental in the east of the state; plains and rolling hills in the center; and the coast on the Gulf of California.", "Norfolk, Virginia __knowledge__ Norfolk ( , ) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.", "Norfolk, Virginia __knowledge__ At the 2010 census, the population was 242,803; in 2015, the population was estimated to be 247,189 making it the second-most populous city in Virginia after neighboring Virginia Beach.", "Norfolk, Virginia __knowledge__ Norfolk is located at the core of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, named for the large natural harbor of the same name located at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay.", "Norfolk, Virginia __knowledge__ It is one of nine cities and seven counties that constitute the Hampton Roads metro area, officially known as the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 9 ]

[ "I live in Florida which is Spanish for \"land of flowers\" and we are the southernmost state. I love it here but hate the hot and humid summers!", "It is beautiful and yes we are the 3rd most populous and 8th most densely populated in the United States.", "Jacksonville is the most populated city in the state and also the largest in the area. We are a peninsula and surrounded by beaches.", "You definitely need to visit! We are the only state that borders both the beautiful Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean. There are no shortage of beaches here! lol" ]

[ "Florida", "Florida", "Florida", "Florida" ]

[ "Bathroom singing", "I cannot carry a tune so I do not do that. I wonder why people do that.", "Do people turn on the radio in the shower and sing to the songs played?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Bathroom singing, also known as singing in the bathroom, singing in the bath, or singing in the shower, is a widespread phenomenon.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Many people sing in the bathroom because the hard wall surfaces, often tiles or wooden panels, and lack of soft furnishings, create an aurally pleasing acoustic environment.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ The multiple reflections from walls enrich the sound of one's voice.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Small dimensions and hard surfaces of a typical bathroom produce various kinds of standing waves, reverberation and echoes, giving the voice \"fullness and depth.\"", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This habit was reported (with an attempt of explanations) centuries ago.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ For example, Ibn Khaldun in Chapter 1 of his \"Muqaddimah\" writes: The bathroom singer is an ironic reference to mediocre or amateur singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Jon Anderson had tiles installed in the studio, to simulate the echo effect of one's vocals in a bathroom.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This effect was not used only by singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Paul Simon wrote: \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in fact in 1979 recorded his first single, \"My Bologna,\" in the bathroom across from the California Polytechnic State University student radio station where he was DJing at the time.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ \"There's More to Life Than This\", the fourth track on Björk's 1993 album \"Debut\", was recorded live in the toilets of the Milk Bar clubnight, London." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Bathroom singing, also known as singing in the bathroom, singing in the bath, or singing in the shower, is a widespread phenomenon.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Many people sing in the bathroom because the hard wall surfaces, often tiles or wooden panels, and lack of soft furnishings, create an aurally pleasing acoustic environment.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ The multiple reflections from walls enrich the sound of one's voice.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Small dimensions and hard surfaces of a typical bathroom produce various kinds of standing waves, reverberation and echoes, giving the voice \"fullness and depth.\"", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This habit was reported (with an attempt of explanations) centuries ago.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ For example, Ibn Khaldun in Chapter 1 of his \"Muqaddimah\" writes: The bathroom singer is an ironic reference to mediocre or amateur singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Jon Anderson had tiles installed in the studio, to simulate the echo effect of one's vocals in a bathroom.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This effect was not used only by singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Paul Simon wrote: \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in fact in 1979 recorded his first single, \"My Bologna,\" in the bathroom across from the California Polytechnic State University student radio station where he was DJing at the time.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ \"There's More to Life Than This\", the fourth track on Björk's 1993 album \"Debut\", was recorded live in the toilets of the Milk Bar clubnight, London.", "Gun laws in Oklahoma __knowledge__ Gun laws in Oklahoma regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Oklahoma in the United States.", "Gun laws in Oklahoma __knowledge__ Oklahoma is generally a gun-friendly state, and has mostly less-restrictive gun laws.", "Gun laws in Oklahoma __knowledge__ Being part of the Southern United States and Western United States, Oklahoma is home to a strong gun culture, which is reflected in Oklahoma's gun laws.", "Gun laws in Oklahoma __knowledge__ On May 15, 2012, Oklahoma State Senate Bill 1733 was signed into law by Governor Mary Fallin, which authorized open and concealed carry of handguns by permit holders.", "Gun laws in Oklahoma __knowledge__ This law took effect November 1, 2012, and made Oklahoma the 25th state of the United States to allow licensed open carry.", "Structural material __knowledge__ Structural engineering depends on the knowledge of materials and their properties, in order to understand how different materials support and resist loads.", "Structural material __knowledge__ Common structural materials are: Wrought iron is the simplest form of iron, and is almost pure iron (typically less than 0.15% carbon).", "Structural material __knowledge__ It usually contains some slag.", "Structural material __knowledge__ Its uses are almost entirely obsolete, and it is no longer commercially produced.", "Structural material __knowledge__ Wrought iron is very poor in fires.", "Structural material __knowledge__ It is ductile, malleable and tough.", "Structural material __knowledge__ It does not corrode as easily as steel.", "Structural material __knowledge__ Cast iron is a brittle form of iron which is weaker in tension than in compression.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Advertisement film __knowledge__ An advertisement film (variously called a television commercial, commercial or ad in American English, and known in British English as a TV advert or simply an advert) is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, typically to market a product or service.", "Advertisement film __knowledge__ Advertisers and marketeers may refer to television commercials as TVCs.", "Advertisement film __knowledge__ Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately owned television networks.", "Advertisement film __knowledge__ During the 2010s, the number of commercials has grown steadily, while at the same time, the length of each commercial has diminished, according to Nielsen.", "Surrogacy __knowledge__ Surrogacy is a method or agreement whereby a woman agrees to carry a pregnancy for another person or persons, who will become the newborn child's parent(s) after birth.", "Surrogacy __knowledge__ Intended parents may seek a surrogacy arrangement when pregnancy is medically impossible, pregnancy risks present an unacceptable danger to the mother's health, or a man or male couple wish to have a child.", "Surrogacy __knowledge__ Monetary compensation may or may not be involved in these arrangements.", "Surrogacy __knowledge__ If the surrogate receives money for the surrogacy the arrangement is considered commercial surrogacy; if she receives no compensation beyond reimbursement of medical and other reasonable expenses it is referred to as altruistic.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles __knowledge__ The Harbor Gateway is a 5.14-square-mile, shoelace-shaped north-south residential and industrial neighborhood in the Los Angeles, California, Harbor Region, in the southern part of the city.", "Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles __knowledge__ It is highly diverse ethnically, and has experienced a measure of hostilities between blacks and Latinos, and a gang injunction has been enforced against Latino gangs.", "Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles __knowledge__ Harbor Gateway was originally known as the Shoestring Strip and was attached to Los Angeles in 1906 to serve as a link to the Pacific Ocean port cities of Wilmington and San Pedro.", "Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles __knowledge__ It was given its present name in 1985.", "Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles __knowledge__ With a relatively youthful population of over 42,000, it is the home of Gardena High School and seven other schools.", "Household __knowledge__ A household consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people.", "Household __knowledge__ A single dwelling will be considered to contain multiple households if either meals or living space are not shared.", "Household __knowledge__ The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models, and is important to the fields of economics and inheritance.", "Household __knowledge__ Household models include the family, varieties of blended families, share housing, group homes, boarding houses, houses in multiple occupation (UK), and a single room occupancy (US).", "Bathroom __knowledge__ A bathroom is a room in the home for personal hygiene activities, generally containing a sink (basin) and either a bathtub, a shower, or both.", "Bathroom __knowledge__ In some countries, the toilet is included in this room, for ease of plumbing, whereas other cultures consider this insanitary, and give that fixture a room of its own.", "Bathroom __knowledge__ Historically, bathing was often a collective activity, which took place in public baths.", "Bathroom __knowledge__ In some countries the shared social aspect of cleansing the body is still important, as for example with \"sento\" in Japan, saunas in Finland, and the \"Turkish bath\" (also known by other names) throughout the Islamic world.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Shower __knowledge__ The original showers were neither indoor structures nor man-made but were common natural formations: waterfalls.", "Shower __knowledge__ The falling water rinsed the bathers completely clean and was more efficient than bathing in a traditional basin, which required manual transport of both fresh and waste water.", "Shower __knowledge__ Ancient people began to reproduce these natural phenomena by pouring jugs of water, often very cold, over themselves after washing.", "Shower __knowledge__ There has been evidence of early upper class Egyptian and Mesopotamians having indoor shower rooms where servants would bathe them in the privacy of their own homes.", "Shower __knowledge__ However, these were rudimentary by modern standards, having rudimentary drainage systems and water was carried, not pumped, into the room.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Bathroom singing, also known as singing in the bathroom, singing in the bath, or singing in the shower, is a widespread phenomenon.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Many people sing in the bathroom because the hard wall surfaces, often tiles or wooden panels, and lack of soft furnishings, create an aurally pleasing acoustic environment.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ The multiple reflections from walls enrich the sound of one's voice.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Small dimensions and hard surfaces of a typical bathroom produce various kinds of standing waves, reverberation and echoes, giving the voice \"fullness and depth.\"", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This habit was reported (with an attempt of explanations) centuries ago.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ For example, Ibn Khaldun in Chapter 1 of his \"Muqaddimah\" writes: The bathroom singer is an ironic reference to mediocre or amateur singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Jon Anderson had tiles installed in the studio, to simulate the echo effect of one's vocals in a bathroom.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This effect was not used only by singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Paul Simon wrote: \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in fact in 1979 recorded his first single, \"My Bologna,\" in the bathroom across from the California Polytechnic State University student radio station where he was DJing at the time.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ \"There's More to Life Than This\", the fourth track on Björk's 1993 album \"Debut\", was recorded live in the toilets of the Milk Bar clubnight, London.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ Airtel Super Singer 3 - \"Thamizhagathil Brahmaanda Kuralukkaana Thedal - Immurai Ulaga Alavil\", the third season of the \"Airtel Super Singer\" show, was a reality-based Indian singing competition in Tamil language that aired on Vijay TV.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ It was designed to be a talent hunt to find the best voice of Tamil Nadu.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ The show premiered on 12 July 2010, and episodes were telecast between Monday to Thursday each week at 9:00pm.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ Persons above the age of 16 years were permitted to audition to showcase their talent on Vijay TV's platform.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ The show was initially hosted by Divya Vijaygopal during the audition rounds.", "Radio Disney Jams series __knowledge__ Radio Disney Jams are a series of CDs are various artists compilations of music featured on Radio Disney, a children's radio network.", "Radio Disney Jams series __knowledge__ In 1999, Radio Disney released their first CD, \"Radio Disney Kid Jams\", containing the top songs from Radio Disney's playlist.", "Radio Disney Jams series __knowledge__ Over time, Radio Disney released more volumes of the \"Kid Jams\" series.", "Radio Disney Jams series __knowledge__ (Commonly known as \"Jams Vol.\"", "Radio Disney Jams series __knowledge__ since there was not enough room to put \"Kid\" on the jams sequels.)", "Radio Disney Jams series __knowledge__ Radio Disney also released two \"Holiday Jams\" CDs, an \"Ultimate Jams\" with select songs from \"Jams\" 1-6, \"Jingle Jams\" (Series 2004 & 2005), \"Pop Dreamers\", \"Move It\", \"Party Jams\" from their tenth birthday concert, a 15th Birthday Edition, and a 2015 awards show edition.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ Psycho is a 1960 American psychological horror film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, and written by Joseph Stefano, starring Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, John Gavin, Vera Miles and Martin Balsam, and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch.", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ The film centers on the encounter between a secretary, Marion Crane (Leigh), who ends up at a secluded motel after stealing money from her employer, and the motel's disturbed owner-manager, Norman Bates (Perkins), and its aftermath.", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ \"Psycho\" was seen as a departure from Hitchcock's previous film \"North by Northwest\", having been filmed on a low budget, with a television crew and in black and white.", "Shower __knowledge__ The original showers were neither indoor structures nor man-made but were common natural formations: waterfalls.", "Shower __knowledge__ The falling water rinsed the bathers completely clean and was more efficient than bathing in a traditional basin, which required manual transport of both fresh and waste water.", "Shower __knowledge__ Ancient people began to reproduce these natural phenomena by pouring jugs of water, often very cold, over themselves after washing.", "Shower __knowledge__ There has been evidence of early upper class Egyptian and Mesopotamians having indoor shower rooms where servants would bathe them in the privacy of their own homes.", "Shower __knowledge__ However, these were rudimentary by modern standards, having rudimentary drainage systems and water was carried, not pumped, into the room.", "Jimmy Buffett __knowledge__ James William Buffett (born December 25, 1946) is an American musician, songwriter, author, actor, and businessman.", "Jimmy Buffett __knowledge__ He is best known for his music, which often portrays an \"island escapism\" lifestyle.", "Jimmy Buffett __knowledge__ Together with his Coral Reefer Band, Buffett has recorded hit songs including \"Margaritaville\" (ranked 234th on the Recording Industry Association of America's list of \"Songs of the Century\") and \"Come Monday\".", "Jimmy Buffett __knowledge__ He has a devoted base of fans known as \"Parrotheads\".", "Jimmy Buffett __knowledge__ Aside from his career in music, Buffett is also a best-selling writer and is involved in two restaurant chains named after two of his best-known songs; he owns the Margaritaville Cafe restaurant chain and co-developed the Cheeseburger in Paradise restaurant chain.", "Copper in architecture __knowledge__ Copper has earned a respected place in the related fields of architecture, building construction, and interior design.", "Copper in architecture __knowledge__ From cathedrals to castles and from homes to offices, copper is used for a variety of architectural elements, including roofs, flashings, gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, wall cladding, and building expansion joints.", "Copper in architecture __knowledge__ The history of copper in architecture can be linked to its durability, corrosion resistance, prestigious appearance, and ability to form complex shapes.", "Copper in architecture __knowledge__ For centuries, craftsmen and designers utilized these attributes to build aesthetically pleasing and long-lasting building systems.", "Nationality Rooms __knowledge__ The Nationality Rooms are a collection of 30 classrooms in the University of Pittsburgh's Cathedral of Learning depicting and donated by the national and ethnic groups that helped build the city of Pittsburgh.", "Nationality Rooms __knowledge__ The rooms are designated as a Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation historical landmark and are located on the 1st and 3rd floors of the Cathedral of Learning, itself a national historic landmark, on the University of Pittsburgh's main campus in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.", "Nationality Rooms __knowledge__ Although of museum caliber, 28 of the 30 rooms are regularly used as functional classrooms that are utilized daily by University of Pittsburgh faculty and students, while the other two (the Early American and Syrian-Lebanon) are mostly used as display rooms viewed through glass doors and are otherwise utilized primarily for special events and can only be explored via special guided tour.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ Sound masking is the addition of sound created by special digital generators and distributed by normally unseen speakers through an area to reduce distractions or provide confidentiality where needed.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ The sound is broad band random that conveys no information about itself to a listener.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ It is often referred to erroneously as white noise or pink noise; the sound spectrum and level is specially shaped to provide the degree of privacy desired by occupants.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ Masking operates by covering up or masking unwanted sounds, similar to perfume that covers up other odors.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ This is in contrast to the technique of active noise control which attempts to eliminate the unwanted sound.", "Classroom __knowledge__ A classroom is a learning space, a room in which both children and adults learn about things.", "Classroom __knowledge__ Classrooms are found in educational institutions of all kinds, from preschools to universities, and may also be found in other places where education or training is provided, such as corporations and religious and humanitarian organizations.", "Classroom __knowledge__ The classroom attempts to provide a space where learning can take place uninterrupted by outside distractions.", "Classroom __knowledge__ For lessons that require specific resources or a vocational approach, different types of classrooms both indoors and outdoors are used.", "Classroom __knowledge__ This allows for learning in an authentic context that fosters the natural development of the particular vocational skill.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as \"tesserae\".", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called \"pebble mosaics\".", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "I have a brother who always sing in the bathroom, singing in the bath, or singing in the shower, is a widespread phenomenon.", "Its fun though, because Many people sing in the bathroom because the hard wall surfaces, often tiles or wooden panels, create an aurally pleasing environment.", "Oh yes, some use phones, The multiple reflections from walls enrich the sound of their voices" ]

[ "Bathroom singing", "Bathroom singing", "Bathroom singing" ]

[ "Sushi\nI think sushi is a good meal", "Is raw salmon used in sushi?", "ok", "Yes but I don't like the raw sea food.", "Yes. How those the raw fish taste?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces.", "Etiquette in Japan __knowledge__ The code of etiquette in Japan governs the expectations of social behavior in the country and is considered very important.", "Etiquette in Japan __knowledge__ Like many social cultures, etiquette varies greatly depending on one's status relative to the person in question.", "Etiquette in Japan __knowledge__ Many books instruct readers on its minutiae.", "Etiquette in Japan __knowledge__ Some conventions may be very regional practices, and thus may not exist in all regions of Japan.", "Etiquette in Japan __knowledge__ Some customs have changed over the course of Japanese history.", "Etiquette in Japan __knowledge__ The following are generally accepted modern customs in Japan.", "Etiquette in Japan __knowledge__ Bathing is an important part of the daily routine in Japan.", "Etiquette in Japan __knowledge__ Baths are for relaxing, and the body must be cleaned and scrubbed before entering the bathtub or \"furo\".", "Sushi (album) __knowledge__ Sushi (stylized as SUSHi) is a studio album by the American electronic musician James Ferraro, released on November 7, 2012 by the independent record label Hippos in Tanks.", "Sushi (album) __knowledge__ The electronica dance-pop record has a much more mainstream sound than Ferraro's past albums, continuing some of the trap, R&B and hip-hop underpinnings that were a part of Ferraro's two mixtapes \"Inhale C-4 $$$$$)\" (2012) and \"Silica Gel\" (2012), released under his Bebetune$ and Bodyguard monikers, respectively.", "Sushi (album) __knowledge__ \"Sushi\" garnered mixed to positive reviews upon its release, a common criticism being its lack of depth or indiciation of a main concept." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Other fish in the same family include trout, char, grayling and whitefish.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon are native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (genus \"Salmo\") and Pacific Ocean (genus \"Oncorhynchus\").", "Salmon __knowledge__ Many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America and Patagonia in South America.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Typically, salmon are anadromous: they hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ Salmon is a popular food.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ Classified as an oily fish, salmon is high in protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, and is therefore considered to be healthy.. Salmon is also a source of cholesterol, with a range of 23–214 mg/100 g depending on the species.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ According to reports in the journal \"Science\", however, farmed salmon may contain high levels of dioxins.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ PCB levels may be up to eight times higher in farmed salmon than in wild salmon, but still far below levels considered dangerous.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ Nonetheless, according to a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the benefits of eating even farmed salmon far outweigh any risks imposed by contaminants.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Smoked salmon is a preparation of salmon, typically a fillet that has been cured and hot or cold smoked.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Due to its moderately high price, smoked salmon is considered a delicacy.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Although the term lox is sometimes applied to smoked salmon, they are different products.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Smoked salmon is a popular ingredient in canapés, often combined with cream cheese and lemon juice.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ In North America, smoked salmon is likely to be sliced very thinly and served on bread with cream cheese or with sliced red onion, lemon and capers.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ In Pacific Northwest cuisine of the United States and Canada, smoked salmon may also be fillets or nuggets, including hickory or alder-smoked varieties and candied salmon (smoked and honey, or sugar-glazed, also known as \"Indian candy\").", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses.", "Poke (fish salad) __knowledge__ Poke (Hawaiian for \"to section\" or \"to slice or cut\") is a raw fish salad served as an appetizer in Hawaiian cuisine, and sometimes as a main course.", "Poke (fish salad) __knowledge__ Traditional forms are \"aku\" (an oily tuna) and \"he'e\" (octopus).", "Poke (fish salad) __knowledge__ He'e (octopus) poke is usually called by its Japanese name \"Tako\" Poke, except in places like the island of Ni'ihau where the Hawaiian language is spoken.", "Poke (fish salad) __knowledge__ Increasingly popular ahi poke is generally made with yellowfin tuna.", "Poke (fish salad) __knowledge__ Adaptations may feature raw salmon or various shellfish as a main ingredient served raw with the common \"poke\" seasonings.", "Poke (fish salad) __knowledge__ Poke began with fishermen seasoning the cut-offs from their catch to serve as a snack.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Many species of fish are consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Fish has been an important source of protein and other nutrients for humans from time immemorial.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ In culinary and fishery contexts, \"fish\" may include shellfish, such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ English does not distinguish between \"fish\" as an animal and the food prepared from it, as it does with \"pig\" vs. \"pork\" or \"cow\" vs. \"beef\".", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Some other languages do, as in the Spanish \" versus \".", "Fish as food __knowledge__ The modern English word for fish comes from the Old English word \"fisc\" (plural: \"fiscas\") which was pronounced as it is today.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Brown rice is whole grain rice, with the inedible outer hull removed; white rice is the same grain with the hull, bran layer and cereal germ removed.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Red rice, gold rice, and black rice (sometimes known as purple rice) are all whole rices, but with a differently-pigmented outer layer.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Any type of rice may be eaten whole.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Whole rice has a mild, nutty flavor, and is chewier.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Rice plants accumulate arsenic, and there have been concerns over excessive arsenic levels in rice.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ There is more arsenic in the bran, so brown rice contains more arsenic.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ The European Union has introduced regulations on arsenic in rice, but the United States has not.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Japanese rice refers to a number of short-grain cultivars of Japonica rice including ordinary rice (\"uruchimai\") and glutinous rice (\"mochigome\").", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Ordinary Japanese rice, or \"uruchimai\" () is the staple of the Japanese diet and consists of short translucent grains.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ When cooked it has a sticky texture such that it can easily be picked up and eaten with chopsticks.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Outside Japan it is sometimes labeled sushi rice, as this is one of its common uses.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is also used to produce sake.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Glutinous rice, known in Japan as \"mochigome\" (), is used for making mochi () and special dishes such as sekihan.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is a short-grain rice, and can be distinguished from \"uruchimai\" by its particularly short, round and opaque grains, its greater stickiness when cooked, and firmer and chewier texture.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers .", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ Bap () in Korean cuisine, fàn () in Chinese cuisine, and meshi () or gohan () in Japanese cuisine, often translated as \"rice\" or \"cooked rice\", is a dish prepared by boiling rice and/or other grains, such as black rice, barley, sorghum, various millets, and beans, until the water has cooked away.", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ Special ingredients such as vegetables, seafood, and meat can also be added to create different kinds of \"bap\".", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ The words \"bap\", \"fàn\", \"meshi\", and \"han\" can also be used to refer to a meal.", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ In Korean, the honorific forms of \"bap\" (meal) include jinji () for an elderly, sura () for the monarch, and me () for the deceased (in the ancestral rites)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ I'm OK – You're OK is a 1969 self-help book by Thomas Anthony Harris.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is a practical guide to transactional analysis as a method for solving problems in life.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ The book made the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list in 1972 and remained there for almost two years.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is estimated by the publisher to have sold over 15 million copies to date and to have been translated into over a dozen languages.http://www.drthomasharris.com/im-ok-youre-ok-book-thomas-harris/ In the preface, Harris praises the then-new procedure of transactional analysis (TA, or as Harris often refers to it, P-A-C) as a major innovation addressing the slow process and limited results that he and other psychiatric practitioners believed was characteristic of conventional psychiatry.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as \"one o'clock\"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums).", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They have been playing many different styles of rock music, with songs ranging from alternative rock to emo to post-hardcore to pop rock.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band's name, ONE OK ROCK, comes from \"one o'clock\", the time that the band used to practice on weekends.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They chose to play at one o'clock in the morning because it was cheaper to use the rehearsal space during such hours.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ OK Motor Services was a bus company operating in County Durham from 1912 until the 1990s when purchased by the Go-Ahead Group.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ Following rationalisation and rebranding, the OK livery disappeared from the roads as services were integrated with Go North East.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ OK Motor Services was founded in Evenwood, County Durham, by Wade Emmerson on 6 April 1912.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ The first route was from Evenwood to Bishop Auckland.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ The original name was the Gaunless Valley Motor Services with the name OK coming from a consortium of operators who started to run from the area to the Great North Exhibition in Newcastle in the late-1920s.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ OK Soda was a soft drink created by The Coca-Cola Company in 1993 that aggressively courted the Generation X demographic with unusual advertising tactics, including endorsements and even outright negative publicity.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ It did not sell well in select test markets and was officially declared out of production in 1995 before reaching nationwide distribution.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ The drink's slogan was \"Everything is going to be OK.\" In 1993, Coca-Cola CEO Roberto Goizueta rehired Sergio Zyman to be the chief of marketing for all Coca-Cola beverage brands, a surprising choice given that Zyman had worked closely with the New Coke campaign, possibly the largest advertising failure in Coke's history.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche () is a seafood dish popular in the coastal regions of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Though the origin of ceviche is hotly debated, the dish is most closely associated with Peru.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ It is typically made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices, such as lemon or lime, and spiced with \"ají\" or chili peppers.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Additional seasonings, such as chopped onions, salt, and cilantro, may also be added.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavors, such as sweet potato, lettuce, corn, avocado or plantain.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ As the dish is not cooked with heat, it must be prepared and consumed fresh to minimize the risk of food poisoning.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Cephalopod size __knowledge__ Cephalopods vary enormously in size.", "Cephalopod size __knowledge__ The smallest are only about long and weigh less than at maturity, while the largest—the giant and colossal squids—can exceed in length and weigh close to half a tonne (), making them the largest living invertebrates.", "Cephalopod size __knowledge__ Living species range in mass more than three-billion-fold, or across nine orders of magnitude, from the lightest hatchlings to the heaviest adults (O'Dor & Hoar, 2000:8).", "Cephalopod size __knowledge__ Cephalopods were at one time the largest of all organisms on Earth (Smith \"et al.", "Cephalopod size __knowledge__ \", 2016), and numerous species of comparable size to the largest present day squids are known from the fossil record, including enormous examples of ammonoids, belemnoids, nautiloids, and vampyromorphids.", "Lake Galilee (Queensland) __knowledge__ Lake Galilee is a semi-arid saline lake located in the Desert Uplands region of Central West Queensland.", "Lake Galilee (Queensland) __knowledge__ The lake is about 36 kilometres long, up to 12.5 kilometres wide and covers approximately 25,700 hectares.", "Lake Galilee (Queensland) __knowledge__ Lake Galilee is registered on the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia (DIWA) and provides an important refuge and breeding site for waterbirds.", "Lake Galilee (Queensland) __knowledge__ It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it regularly supports over 1% of the world populations of freckled ducks and grey teals.", "Lake Galilee (Queensland) __knowledge__ and possibly more than 1% of the world population of other waterbirds and shorebirds.", "Legal Sea Foods __knowledge__ Legal Sea Foods is an American restaurant chain of upscale casual-dining seafood restaurants.", "Legal Sea Foods __knowledge__ The company was founded by George Berkowitz who opened the Legal Cash Market grocery store in 1950 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and he opened the first restaurant next door to the market in 1968.", "Legal Sea Foods __knowledge__ The current company headquarters is located in Boston and as of May 4, 2017, the group operates 35 restaurants in six states, plus the District of Columbia, with most in the Greater Boston area.The restaurant serves over 7 million customers annually.", "Legal Sea Foods __knowledge__ Legal Sea Foods also operates an online fish market and ships fresh fish anywhere in the contiguous United States, as well as a retail products division.", "Parthenium hysterophorus __knowledge__ Parthenium hysterophorus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae.", "Parthenium hysterophorus __knowledge__ It is native to the American tropics.", "Parthenium hysterophorus __knowledge__ Common names include Santa-Maria, Santa Maria feverfew, whitetop weed, famine weed, and bhajpa weed.", "Parthenium hysterophorus __knowledge__ In India, it is locally known as carrot grass, bhajpa grass or Gajar Ghans.", "Parthenium hysterophorus __knowledge__ It is a common invasive species in India, Australia, and parts of Africa.", "Parthenium hysterophorus __knowledge__ \"Parthenium hysterophorus\" invades disturbed land, including roadsides.", "Parthenium hysterophorus __knowledge__ It infests pastures and farmland, causing often disastrous loss of yield, as reflected in common names such as \"famine weed\".", "Parthenium hysterophorus __knowledge__ In some areas, heavy outbreaks have been ubiquitous, affecting livestock and crop production, and human health.", "Parthenium incanum __knowledge__ Parthenium incanum, with the common names mariola and New Mexico rubber plant, is a plant in the genus \"Parthenium\" of the family Asteraceae.", "Parthenium incanum __knowledge__ The plant is native to North America, from the Southwestern United States through Northern, Central, and Southwestern Mexico.", "Parthenium incanum __knowledge__ Habitats include desert grasslands including in the Chihuahuan Desert, on dry gravel slopes, and on plains.", "Parthenium incanum __knowledge__ \"Parthenium incanum\" grows from in height and width.", "Parthenium incanum __knowledge__ Its foliage is a pubescent grayish-white.", "Parthenium incanum __knowledge__ Small white flower clusters appear from July to October.", "Parthenium incanum __knowledge__ The Jicarilla Apache used mariola as a traditional medicinal plant.", "Parthenium incanum __knowledge__ It was prepared by boiling the plant's leaves, and the solution was then was rubbed over a pregnant woman's abdomen to relieve discomfort.", "Viral hepatitis __knowledge__ Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection.", "Viral hepatitis __knowledge__ It may present in acute (recent infection, relatively rapid onset) or chronic forms.", "Viral hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E. In addition to the nominal hepatitis viruses, other viruses that can also cause liver inflammation include cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and yellow fever.", "Viral hepatitis __knowledge__ Up to 1997 there has been also 52 cases of viral hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus.", "Viral hepatitis __knowledge__ There is the opportunity to prevent or treat the most common types.", "Milford on Sea __knowledge__ Milford on Sea, often hyphenated as Milford-on-Sea, is a large village and civil parish located on the south coast of England in Hampshire.", "Milford on Sea __knowledge__ With a population of 4,660 (2011 census), it has a variety of shops, restaurants and pubs in its high street, which borders the village green.", "Milford on Sea __knowledge__ Milford on Sea is a village on the shore of Poole Bay in Hampshire.", "Milford on Sea __knowledge__ The village is scenic in location, protected from development by a surrounding green belt of land.", "Milford on Sea __knowledge__ From the beach, the Needles of the Isle of Wight are on most days clearly visible.", "Milford on Sea __knowledge__ On the coast to the west on a clear night, the conurbation of Christchurch, Bournemouth and Poole can clearly be seen, together with the stars reflecting on the sea.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ This is a list of Japanese condiments by type.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ Mirin is an essential condiment used in Japanese cuisine.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ It is a kind of rice wine similar to sake, but with a lower alcohol content—14% instead of 20%.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ There are three general types.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ The first is \"hon mirin\" (lit.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ true mirin), which contains alcohol.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ The second is \"shio mirin\", which contains alcohol as well as 1.5% salt to avoid alcohol tax.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ The third is \"shin mirin\" (lit.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ new mirin), or \"mirin-fu chomiryo\" (lit.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ mirin-like seasoning), which contains less than 1% alcohol yet retains the same flavour.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ Rice vinegar is a very mild and mellow vinegar and ranges in colour from colourless to pale yellow.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce (also called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and \"Aspergillus oryzae\" or \"Aspergillus sojae\" molds.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce in its current form was created about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China, and spread throughout East and Southeast Asia where it is used in cooking and as a condiment.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce (酱油) is considered almost as old as soy paste — a type of fermented paste (Jiang, ) obtained from soybeans — which had appeared during the Western Han dynasty and was listed in the bamboo slips found in the archaeological site Mawangdui.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Sashimi (; , ) is a Japanese delicacy consisting of very fresh raw meat or fish sliced into thin pieces.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ The word \"sashimi\" means \"pierced body\", i.e.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ \"刺身\" = \"sashimi\", where 刺し = \"sashi\" (pierced, stuck) and 身 = \"mi\" (body, meat).", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word dates from the Muromachi period, and was possibly coined when the word \"切る\" = \"kiru\" (cut), the culinary step, was considered too inauspicious to be used by anyone other than samurai.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word may derive from the culinary practice of sticking the fish's tail and fin to the slices for the purpose of identifying the fish being eaten.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Another possibility for the name could come from the traditional method of harvesting." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Yusheng, yee sang or yuu sahng (), or Prosperity Toss, also known as lo hei (Cantonese for 撈起 or 捞起) is a Cantonese-style raw fish salad.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ It usually consists of strips of raw fish (sometimes salmon), mixed with shredded vegetables and a variety of sauces and condiments, among other ingredients.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Yusheng literally means \"raw fish\" but since \"fish (魚)\" is commonly conflated with its homophone \"abundance (余)\", Yúshēng (魚生) is interpreted as a homophone for Yúshēng (余升) meaning an increase in abundance.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Therefore, yusheng is considered a symbol of abundance, prosperity and vigor.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ While versions of it are thought to have existed in China, the contemporary version was created and popularised in the 1960s amongst the ethnic Chinese community and its consumption has been associated with Chinese New Year festivities in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ Kuai was a Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat, which was popular and commonly eaten in the early Chinese dynasties.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ According to the \"Book of Rites\" compiled between 202 BC and 220 AD, \"kuai\" consists of small thin slices or strips of raw meat, which are prepared by first thinly slicing the meat and then cutting the thin slices into strips.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ In modern times, the dishes are more often referred to as \"raw fish slices\" () or as \"yusheng\" ().", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ The type of fish commonly used in ancient times included carp (鯉) and mandarin fish (鳜), while in modern times salmon (鮭) is commonly used.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ This article is about raw fish or shellfish.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ It includes marinated raw fish (soaked in a seasoned liquid) and raw fish which is lightly cured such as gravlax, but not fish which is fully cured (fermented, pickled, smoked or otherwise preserved).", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ Parasites in fish are a natural occurrence and common.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ Though not a health concern in thoroughly cooked fish, parasites are a concern when consumers eat raw or lightly preserved fish such as sashimi, sushi, ceviche, and gravlax.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ The popularity of such raw fish dishes makes it important for consumers to be aware of this risk.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ Raw fish should be frozen to an internal temperature of −20 °C (−4 °F) for at least 7 days to kill parasites.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche () is a seafood dish popular in the coastal regions of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Though the origin of ceviche is hotly debated, the dish is most closely associated with Peru.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ It is typically made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices, such as lemon or lime, and spiced with \"ají\" or chili peppers.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Additional seasonings, such as chopped onions, salt, and cilantro, may also be added.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavors, such as sweet potato, lettuce, corn, avocado or plantain.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ As the dish is not cooked with heat, it must be prepared and consumed fresh to minimize the risk of food poisoning.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ Hoe () refers to several varieties of raw food dishes in Korean cuisine.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ There are uncooked \"hoe\" () as well as blanched \"sukhoe\" ().", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Hoe\" (), the raw fish or meat dish, can be divided into \"saengseon-hoe\" (), filleted raw fish, and \"yukhoe\" (), sliced raw meat.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Saengseon-hoe\" () can be either \"hwareo-hoe\" () made from freshly killed fish, or \"seoneo-hoe\" () made using aged fish.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Mulhoe\" () is a cold raw fish soup.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Sukhoe\" () is a blanched fish, seafood, meat, or vegetable dish.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Ganghoe\" () is a dish of rolled and tied ribbons made with blanched vegetables such as water dropworts and scallions.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Many species of fish are consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Fish has been an important source of protein and other nutrients for humans from time immemorial.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ In culinary and fishery contexts, \"fish\" may include shellfish, such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ English does not distinguish between \"fish\" as an animal and the food prepared from it, as it does with \"pig\" vs. \"pork\" or \"cow\" vs. \"beef\".", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Some other languages do, as in the Spanish \" versus \".", "Fish as food __knowledge__ The modern English word for fish comes from the Old English word \"fisc\" (plural: \"fiscas\") which was pronounced as it is today.", "Shiso __knowledge__ Perilla frutescens var.", "Shiso __knowledge__ \"crispa\", also called shiso (, from Japanese ) is a variety of species \"Perilla frutescens\" of the genus \"Perilla\", belonging to the mint family, Lamiaceae.", "Shiso __knowledge__ Shiso is a perennial plant that may be cultivated as an annual in temperate climates.", "Shiso __knowledge__ The plant occurs in red (purple-leaved) and green-leaved forms.", "Shiso __knowledge__ There are also frilly ruffled-leaved forms, called \"chirimen-jiso\", and forms that are red only on top, called \"katamen-jiso\".", "Shiso __knowledge__ This herb was previously known as the \"beefsteak plant\", a mostly obsolete name.", "Shiso __knowledge__ It is sometimes referred to by its genus name, \"Perilla\", which is ambiguous, as the name also includes the \"Perilla frutescens\", which is a different culinary cultigen.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Sashimi (; , ) is a Japanese delicacy consisting of very fresh raw meat or fish sliced into thin pieces.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ The word \"sashimi\" means \"pierced body\", i.e.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ \"刺身\" = \"sashimi\", where 刺し = \"sashi\" (pierced, stuck) and 身 = \"mi\" (body, meat).", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word dates from the Muromachi period, and was possibly coined when the word \"切る\" = \"kiru\" (cut), the culinary step, was considered too inauspicious to be used by anyone other than samurai.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word may derive from the culinary practice of sticking the fish's tail and fin to the slices for the purpose of identifying the fish being eaten.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Another possibility for the name could come from the traditional method of harvesting." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 5, 0 ]

[ "Yes, I like sushi prepared either with brown rice or with white rice.", "It is true that sushi is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties use cooked ingredients. ", "Sushi is often served with wasabi and soy sauce. Do you like it that way?", "Then you probably don't like sashimi since it is sliced raw fish.", "It can be delicious, but the fish need to be extremely fresh." ]

[ "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi" ]

[ "Divorce", "That's unfortunate, I'm sorry you had to go through that. Hopefully it didn't ruin the way you view relationships now.", "Yeah that can be really rough for her and for you and your siblings. Did she remarry or did has she stayed single?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ A cross-sex friendship is a platonic relationship between an unrelated man and woman.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ There are multiple types of cross-sex friendships, all defined by whether or not each party has a romantic attraction to each other, or perceives that the other is interested.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ A few theories have been developed to explain the existence of such friendships.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ Research has been done on why men and women initiate these relationships, how they are perceived by others, implications for children with cross-sex friendships, among others.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ Cross-sex friendships can also create problems for those involved if either or both have or ever had any romantic feelings for the other.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Philipp Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld, Count von Sandels (12 February 1847 – 17 September 1921) was a diplomat and composer of Imperial Germany who achieved considerable influence as the closest friend of Wilhelm II.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ He was the central member of the so-called Liebenberg Circle, a group of artistically minded German aristocrats within Wilhelm's entourage.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Eulenburg played an important role in the rise of Bernhard von Bülow, but fell from power in 1907 due to the Harden–Eulenburg affair when he was accused of homosexuality.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Eulenburg was born at Königsberg, Province of Prussia, the eldest son of Philipp Konrad, Count zu Eulenburg (Königsberg, 24 April 1820 – Berlin, 5 March 1889) and his wife, Baroness Alexandrine von Rothkirch und Panthen (Glogau, 20 June 1824 – Meran, 11 April 1902).", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ My Ruin is an American Los Angeles-based alternative metal band, composed of the husband and wife duo Tairrie B and Mick Murphy.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ The band has been through various line-up changes since its formation in 1999.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its fanbase is mostly in the UK.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its sound consists of passionate vocals set against heavy rock beats.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Vocalist Tairrie B Murphy has cultivated a reputation both on and off the stage for her aggressive performances and acerbic vocal style.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Over the decade since the band's formation, the sound has evolved and become heavier with each record, with Mick Murphy’s guitar playing becoming a prominent feature along with his solos and riffs.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ This is the list of both known major and minor characters for the animated television series \"Di-Gata Defenders\".", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ Some of them have magical abilities.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ At the age of fourteen, Seth is the leader of the Di-Gata defenders.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He is skilled, confident, charismatic, creative, and decisive.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ However, he is also impatient in battle and headstrong.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He also likes to eat, which he can do with his eyes closed, and tends to succumb to nausea more than the others due to his weak stomach.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He controls the Nova Stone, a powerful Champion Stone which once belonged to his father.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ As the leader of the Defenders, he tries to be careful with those he trusts, for the past errors they have had (especially with Kali).", "Lesbian __knowledge__ A lesbian is a homosexual woman who is romantically or sexually attracted to other women.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The term \"lesbian\" is also used to express sexual identity or sexual behavior regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate nouns with female homosexuality or same-sex attraction.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The concept of \"lesbian\", to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Throughout history, women have not had the same freedom or independence to pursue homosexual relationships as men, but neither have they met the same harsh punishment as homosexual men in some societies.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ This article is a general overview of divorce laws around the world.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Every nation in the world allows its residents to divorce under some conditions except the Philippines (though Muslims in the Philippines have the right to divorce) and the Vatican City, an ecclesiastical sovereign city-state, which has no procedure for divorce.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In these two countries, laws only allow annulment of marriages.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In Muslim societies, legislation concerning divorce varies from country to country.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Different Muslim scholars can have slightly differing interpretations of divorce in Islam, (e.g.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ concerning triple talaq).", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ Sociological studies of the family look at: Examples of specific issues looked at include: Research methods in the sociology of the family can be broken down to three major approaches, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ One approach is survey research of contemporary families.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ This holds the benefit of leaving statistical data and large and hopefully random samples from which a researcher can interpolate the general traits of a society.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ However, survey respondents tend to answer as would feel regular or ideal rather than as things might actually be.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ It also gives a very one-sided explanation view of a larger group, which does not sufficiently allow for contention.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ This article summarizes the same-sex marriage laws of states and similar jurisdictions in the United States.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Via the case \"Obergefell v. Hodges\" on June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States legalized same-sex marriage in a decision that applies nationwide, with the possible exception of American Samoa and some tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Same-sex marriages are currently licensed and recognized in all U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia, excepting the aforementioned American Samoa and some Native American tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Texts: ALABAMA CONSTITUTION - Amendment 774.", "List of The Archers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of many of the characters from the long-running British radio soap \"The Archers\".", "List of The Archers characters __knowledge__ Jill Archer née Patterson (born 3 October 1930) (Patricia Greene) is the widow of Phil Archer and matriarch of the family.", "List of The Archers characters __knowledge__ She was his second wife, and with him had four children: twins Shula and Kenton, and David and Elizabeth.", "List of The Archers characters __knowledge__ She is busily involved in village life and supports her children by taking on child-minding duties.", "List of The Archers characters __knowledge__ Jill is an active member of the Women's Institute, opened up a holiday cottage business, and is teaching her grandson, Josh, how to keep bees.", "List of The Archers characters __knowledge__ Jill has a less traditional outlook on life than her late husband, who had been a Justice of the Peace, reflected in her opposition to both fox hunting and private education." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Robert Stephenson __knowledge__ Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 – 12 October 1859) was an early railway and civil engineer.", "Robert Stephenson __knowledge__ The only son of George Stephenson, the \"Father of Railways\", he built on the achievements of his father.", "Robert Stephenson __knowledge__ Robert has been called the greatest engineer of the 19th century.", "Robert Stephenson __knowledge__ Robert was born in Willington Quay, Northumberland, to George and Frances \"née\" Henderson, before they moved to Killingworth, where Robert was taught at the local village school.", "Robert Stephenson __knowledge__ Robert attended the middle-class Percy Street Academy in Newcastle and at the age of fifteen was apprenticed to the mining engineer Nicholas Wood.", "Robert Stephenson __knowledge__ He left before he had completed his three years to help his father survey the Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "Remarriage __knowledge__ Remarriage is a marriage that takes place after a previous marital union has ended, as through divorce or widowhood.", "Remarriage __knowledge__ Some individuals are more likely to remarry than others; the likelihood can differ based on previous relationship status (e.g.", "Remarriage __knowledge__ divorced vs. widowed), level of interest in establishing a new romantic relationship, gender, race, and age among other factors.", "Remarriage __knowledge__ Those who choose not to remarry may prefer alternative arrangements like cohabitation or living apart together.", "Remarriage __knowledge__ Remarriage also provides mental and physical health benefits.", "Remarriage __knowledge__ However, although remarried individuals tend to have better health than individuals who do not repartner, they still generally have worse health than individuals who have remained continuously married.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the leader of Free France (1940–1944) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946).", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times, and later taken prisoner at Verdun." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 45 ]

[ "I dislike divorce when my parents divorced it made not only their marriage a termination it made me and my siblings life one as well.", "No not really once I got older to understand how it got to that point my mom felt the lack of independence and they would always clash.", "Yes she remarried about 6 years after her and my dad's previous marital union ended and now she is happy going on 8 years they been married this year." ]

[ "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce" ]

[ "Hiking\nI love hiking in the mountains.", "I have never been on the appalachian trail. It is on my bucket list.", "I have never heard of that place. I will look it up. May have to spend a week there.", "I can only imagine how beautiful it is. Mount Ranier was gorgeous as well. I have been there." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The manga series has been adapted into an anime television series produced by Xebec, two light novels, two video games for the PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance and four drama CDs.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The anime ended after 26 episodes.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The manga ended in 2009.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ Prior to the original broadcast of the anime on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2005, both the manga and anime were licensed by Tokyopop and Geneon Entertainment, respectively for North American distribution.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The announcement was made even after ADV announced they acquired licensing rights for both manga and anime a year before.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The tale of \"Elemental Gelade\" is set in the world of Guardia where beings called Edel Raids co-exist with humans.", "Hiking in Kosovo __knowledge__ Hiking in Kosovo started with establishment of the first hiking association in 1928, and it continued with creation of different association all around the territory which was then part of Yugoslavia.", "Hiking in Kosovo __knowledge__ After the Kosovo War a lot was done also by the support of the societies such as: HikingNjeri which have worked hard to not only organize activities, but also to expose hiking to the general public via social media.", "Hiking in Kosovo __knowledge__ Hiking as an activity started in its true sense circa 1930, the year in which a group of friends climbed the Gjeravica mountain in Peć.", "Hiking in Kosovo __knowledge__ This was the first time that a peak in Kosovo was climbed (there is no evidence of that).", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Diane Youdale __knowledge__ Diane Patricia Youdale (born 13 February 1970) is an English television personality, who is best known for her role as \"Jet\" on the television series \"Gladiators.\"", "Diane Youdale __knowledge__ Born in Middlesbrough to an astronomer father, Youdale grew up in the nearby town of Billingham, where she studied at the Billingham Campus School.", "Diane Youdale __knowledge__ Youdale competed in gymnast events and was North of England Junior Gymnastics Champion for four years.", "Diane Youdale __knowledge__ One of her first television appearances was in the 1983 Thames Television show Junior Gymnast of the Year, where she finished in fifth place with 32.70 points.", "Diane Youdale __knowledge__ She acted with the National Youth Theatre.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Mount Adams, known by some Native American tribes as Pahto or Klickitat, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Although Adams has not erupted in more than 1,000 years, it is not considered extinct.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ It is the second-highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington, after Mount Rainier.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Adams is a member of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, and is one of the arc's largest volcanoes, located in a remote wilderness approximately east of Mount St. Helens.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The Mount Adams Wilderness consists of the upper and western part of the volcano's cone.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The eastern side of the mountain is designated as part of the territory of the Yakama Nation.", "Hiking in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park __knowledge__ The Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park located in a region of the Appalachian Mountains referred to as the Great Smoky Mountains, in a portion of east-central Tennessee and southwest North Carolina.", "Hiking in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park __knowledge__ With over 150 hiking trails extending for more than , within its boundaries, including a seventy-mile segment of the Appalachian Trail, hiking is the most popular activity in the national park .", "Hiking in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park __knowledge__ As plans to create a national park in the eastern United States began to unfold in the 1920s, specifically in the area of eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina, various organizations began the process of procuring lands and constructing for the eventual national park." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle is a hiker, and supporter of the Appalachian Trail.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He holds the informal record for the hiking the entire Appalachian Trail (seventeen times; 9 thru-hikes and 8 section hikes).", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ From 1974 to 2017, as a labor of love, he organized and led 10 groups up the Appalachian Trail with a superlative completion rate.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He is the founder of two organizations dedicated to the trail: the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, and the Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He remains the Director of Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle (born 1950) became interested in hiking while attending Southern Connecticut State University.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The Bucket List is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Rob Reiner, produced by Reiner, Alan Greisman, Craig Zadan and Neil Meron, written by Justin Zackham, and starring Jack Nicholson and Morgan Freeman.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The main plot follows two terminally ill men (portrayed by Nicholson and Freeman) on their road trip with a wish list of things to do before they \"kick the bucket\", from which the movie's title gets its name.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The film premiered on December 15, 2007 in Hollywood.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ It opened in limited release in the United States and Canada on December 25, 2007 and was distributed by Warner Bros.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The film opened in wide release in the United States and Canada on January 11, 2008 and was released in the United Kingdom on February 8, 2008, and in Australia on February 21, 2008.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ \"Billy's Bucket List\" is the final episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\".", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The episode was written and storyboarded by Ako Castuera and Jesse Moynihan, from a story by Kent Osborne, Pendleton Ward, Jack Pendarvis, and Adam Muto.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ It originally aired on Cartoon Network on March 17, 2014.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The episode guest stars Lou Ferrigno, Andy Samberg, and Mark Hamill; Castuera herself also voiced a character.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will.", "Nestell Kipp Anderson __knowledge__ Nestell Kipp \"Ned\" Anderson (1885–1967) was an American farmer who spearheaded Connecticut's leg of the Appalachian Trail, which currently runs for 50 miles through the northwest corner of the state.", "Nestell Kipp Anderson __knowledge__ In addition to creating and maintaining other area trails for the Connecticut Forest & Park's (CFPA) Blue-Blazed Trail System, he also organized Sherman, Connecticut's first Boy Scout troop in 1931, as well as the Housatonic Trail Club in 1932, for amateur and avid hikers.", "Nestell Kipp Anderson __knowledge__ While hiking in 1929, Ned Anderson met Judge Arthur Perkins, a member of CFPA's Connecticut's Blue Blazed Trails Committee, who introduced Anderson to Myron Avery.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe is a mountain located in Pickens County, Georgia.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ The southernmost peak in the Blue Ridge Mountains, the mountain has an elevation of , making it the highest point in Pickens County.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe served as the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail from when the trail was completed in 1937 until 1958.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ In 1958, as a result of over development around Mount Oglethorpe, the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail was moved about to the northeast to Springer Mountain.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe is located in eastern Pickens County, near the border with Dawson County.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ The mountain is located about east of Jasper, west of Dawsonville and about north of Nelson.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is a geological feature, located on Catawba mountain in Catawba, Virginia, United States.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ It is named for a Scotch-Irish 18th-century settler.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ Considered to be the most scenic point along the Appalachian Trail, the vista offers panoramic views of the Catawba Valley, 3400 feet below.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is located on the Appalachian Trail, a four-mile hike northbound from the intersection with VA-311 in Catawba, Virginia or a 16 mile hike southbound from US-220 in Troutville, Virginia.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail is a 2,175-mile hiking trail following the Appalachian Mountains between Georgia and Maine, and is a unit of the National Park Service.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking, or through-hiking, is hiking a long-distance trail end-to-end within one hiking season.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ In United States, the term is most commonly associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), and the Continental Divide Trail (CDT), but also refers to other end-to-end hikes.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Other examples include the Te Araroa Trail in New Zealand, the Camino de Santiago in Spain, the Via Francigena in France and Italy, the Lycian Way in Turkey, the Israel National Trail, and the Great Divide Trail (GDT) in Canada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking is also called \"end-to-end hiking\" or \"end-to-ending\" on some trails, like Vermont's Long Trail or New York's Long Path and Northville–Placid Trail.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie east of the U.S. Pacific coast.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail is long and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ \"This Is It\" is a song co-written by American pop star and musician Michael Jackson and Canadian singer-songwriter Paul Anka.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ The song was recorded by the former and featured as a track on the album, \"This Is It\" (2009), which accompanies the 2009 concert documentary \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\".", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ It was premiered worldwide on Jackson's official website on October 12, 2009 four months after his death on June 25, 2009.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ Although Sony Music Entertainment referred to the song as a \"new single\" during its promotion, it was later confirmed that the song would only be sent for airplay, and not be available to buy as a single release.", "Squanto __knowledge__ Tisquantum (; 1585 (±10 years ?)", "Squanto __knowledge__ – late November 1622 o.s.", "Squanto __knowledge__ ), more commonly known by the diminutive variant Squanto, was a member of the Patuxet tribe best known for being an early liaison between the native populations in Southern New England and the \"Mayflower\" settlers, who made their settlement at the site of Squanto's former summer village.", "Squanto __knowledge__ The Patuxet tribe had lived on the western coast of Cape Cod Bay, but they were wiped out by an epidemic infection.", "Squanto __knowledge__ Squanto was the last of the tribe, and he acted as a translator, guide, and advisor while he lived with the Pilgrims for 20 months.", "Squanto __knowledge__ He showed them how to sow and fertilize native crops, and this proved to be a boon when the seeds brought largely failed which had been brought from England.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is a geological feature, located on Catawba mountain in Catawba, Virginia, United States.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ It is named for a Scotch-Irish 18th-century settler.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ Considered to be the most scenic point along the Appalachian Trail, the vista offers panoramic views of the Catawba Valley, 3400 feet below.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is located on the Appalachian Trail, a four-mile hike northbound from the intersection with VA-311 in Catawba, Virginia or a 16 mile hike southbound from US-220 in Troutville, Virginia.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail is a 2,175-mile hiking trail following the Appalachian Mountains between Georgia and Maine, and is a unit of the National Park Service.", "Catawba, Virginia __knowledge__ Catawba is an unincorporated community in the northern section of Roanoke County, Virginia, United States.", "Catawba, Virginia __knowledge__ Catawba occupies the Catawba Valley bound on the south by the north slope of Catawba Mountain and on the north by several mountains which form the border between Roanoke County and Craig County.", "Catawba, Virginia __knowledge__ The primary road through Catawba is State Route 311.", "Catawba, Virginia __knowledge__ Catawba has a post office with the zip code of 24070.", "Catawba, Virginia __knowledge__ Catawba is known as a rural enclave of the Roanoke Valley with its farms, bed and breakfasts, and the Homeplace Restaurant.", "Catawba, Virginia __knowledge__ The Catawba Hospital, a mental health facility operated by the Commonwealth of Virginia, is near Route 311 and traces its history back to a resort established in 1857 to take advantage of the believed healing properties of a sulfur and limestone spring.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "John McAfee __knowledge__ John David McAfee ( ; born September 18, 1945) is a British-American computer programmer and businessman.", "John McAfee __knowledge__ He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994, when he resigned from the company.", "John McAfee __knowledge__ McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creators of McAfee, the first commercial antivirus software, and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software.", "John McAfee __knowledge__ The company was renamed to Intel Security in 2011 after being purchased by Intel, though the software still retains the McAfee brand name.", "John McAfee __knowledge__ McAfee's wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million, before his investments plummeted in the global financial crisis that began that year.", "Catawba people __knowledge__ The Catawba, also known as Issa or Essa or Iswä but most commonly Iswa (Catawba: \"iswa\" - “people of the river”), are a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans, known as the Catawba Indian Nation.", "Catawba people __knowledge__ They live in the Southeast United States, along the border of North Carolina near the city of Rock Hill, South Carolina.", "Catawba people __knowledge__ The Catawba were once considered one of the most powerful Southeastern Siouan-speaking tribes in the Carolina Piedmont.", "Catawba people __knowledge__ The Catawba and other Siouan peoples are believed to have coalesced as individual tribes in the Southeast.", "Catawba people __knowledge__ Living along the Catawba River they were named one of the most powerful tribes in the south.", "Pat McAfee __knowledge__ Patrick Justin McAfee (born May 2, 1987) is an American comedian and former American football punter who played eight seasons for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL).", "Pat McAfee __knowledge__ He was a placekicker and punter at West Virginia and was drafted by the Colts in the seventh round of the 2009 NFL Draft.", "Pat McAfee __knowledge__ McAfee retired from football in February 2017 and joined the satirical sports blog Barstool Sports.", "Pat McAfee __knowledge__ McAfee attended Plum High School in his hometown of Plum, Pennsylvania, playing both soccer and football.", "Pat McAfee __knowledge__ As a senior, he borrowed $100 from a friend and played poker at an illegal poker club, turning it into $1,400.", "Catawba (grape) __knowledge__ Catawba is a red American grape variety used for wine as well as juice, jams and jellies.", "Catawba (grape) __knowledge__ The grape can have a pronounced musky or \"foxy\" flavor.", "Catawba (grape) __knowledge__ Grown predominantly on the East Coast of the United States, this purplish-red grape is a likely cross of the Native American \"Vitis labrusca\" and \"Vitis vinifera\".", "Catawba (grape) __knowledge__ Its exact origins and parentage are unclear but it seems to have originated somewhere on the East coast from the Carolinas to Maryland.", "Catawba (grape) __knowledge__ Catawba played an important role in the early history of American wine.", "Catawba (grape) __knowledge__ During the early to mid-19th century, it was the most widely planted grape variety in the country and was the grape behind Nicholas Longworth's acclaimed Ohio sparkling wines that were distributed as far away as California and Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Ranier Racing with MDM __knowledge__ Ranier Racing with MDM, formerly known as Ranier-Lundy, was an American professional stock car racing team that last competed in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, the K&N Pro Series East, and the ARCA Racing Series.", "Ranier Racing with MDM __knowledge__ The team formerly competed in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing team until 1987, fielding Cale Yarborough during the 1980s late in its operations.", "Ranier Racing with MDM __knowledge__ The team later became Robert Yates Racing after Yates, an engine builder and crew chief with the operation, bought the team in 1988.", "Ranier Racing with MDM __knowledge__ The team largely fielded General Motors vehicles for its various drivers until switching to Fords in 1985.", "Tom Ranier __knowledge__ Thomas John \"Tom\" Ranier (born July 13, 1949) is an American instrumentalist who primarily plays piano but also saxophone and clarinet (multireedist).", "Tom Ranier __knowledge__ As a jazz artist he has recorded widely under his own name and as a sideman for Warner Bros., Concord Records and several other labels.", "Tom Ranier __knowledge__ He has been prominent in the film, television, and music recording industry since the 1970s.", "Tom Ranier __knowledge__ He has played keyboards, woodwinds and writing music for a long list of assignments, including Grammy, Academy Award, Emmy, and Golden Globe winning media and soundtracks for artists such as , Shirley Bassey, Michael Feinstein, Christina Aguilera, Joe Pass, Plácido Domingo, Barry Manilow, Natalie Cole, and many others.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson __knowledge__ Heard Ranier Ferguson was a jazz trio consisting of bass player John Heard, pianist Tom Ranier, and drummer Sherman Ferguson.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson __knowledge__ They were active in the 1980s and played frequently at Howard Rumsey's concerts at the Redondo Beach pier.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson __knowledge__ The trio was founded by the three members, Heard, Ranier and Ferguson.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson __knowledge__ In 1982, they were referred to by the \"Jazz Times\" as \"\"the most captivating new jazz combo in town\"\".", "Heard Ranier Ferguson __knowledge__ In addition to playing bass, John Heard was a talented artist.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson __knowledge__ In the late 1950s while still in the air force, he held art classes and taught art to the wives of the officers in the force where he picked up some extra money.", "Davey Allison __knowledge__ David Carl \"Davey\" Allison (February 25, 1961 – July 13, 1993) was a NASCAR driver.", "Davey Allison __knowledge__ He was best known for driving the No.", "Davey Allison __knowledge__ 28 Texaco-Havoline Ford for Robert Yates Racing in the Winston Cup Series (Now Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series).", "Davey Allison __knowledge__ Born in Hollywood, Florida, he was the eldest of four children born to Bobby Allison and wife Judy.", "Davey Allison __knowledge__ The family moved to Hueytown, Alabama, and along with Bobby's brother Donnie Allison, family friend Red Farmer, and Neil Bonnett, became known in racing circles as the Alabama Gang.", "Davey Allison __knowledge__ Growing up, Allison participated in athletics, preferring football, but was destined, like many children of racers, to become a racer himself.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson (album) __knowledge__ Heard Ranier Ferguson is a studio album by 1980s jazz trio Heard Ranier Ferguson, composed of bassist John Heard, pianist Tom Ranier and drummer Sherman Ferguson.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson (album) __knowledge__ All highly experienced musicians with a wealth of recordings behind them.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson (album) __knowledge__ The album was the third release for Californian record label ITI Records in 1983, then a fledgling label.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson (album) __knowledge__ It was Manufactured and marketed by Allegiance Records Ltd.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson (album) __knowledge__ The album was what could be expected from a small jazz group such as Heard Ranier Ferguson.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson (album) __knowledge__ As an experienced trio they worked well together on it.", "Heard Ranier Ferguson (album) __knowledge__ Ranier's piano was the dominant sound with the presence of Heard's bass being felt.", "Mara Maru __knowledge__ Mara Maru is a 1952 noir-influenced action film directed by Gordon Douglas.", "Mara Maru __knowledge__ It stars Errol Flynn and Ruth Roman.", "Mara Maru __knowledge__ Gregory Mason and Andy Callahan are partners in a post-World War II salvage business in Manila.", "Mara Maru __knowledge__ Callahan is murdered after some drunken talk about sunken treasure.", "Mara Maru __knowledge__ Mason is suspected by Lt. Zuenon of the local police because of Callahan's public threat to kill Mason made earlier that day in a bar and his intense jealousy toward Mason over a relationship Mason had had with Callahan's wife, Stella, before the couple were married.", "Mara Maru __knowledge__ Stella had remained in love with Mason, but he had respected the union.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Someone like You\" is a song by British singer Adele.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ It was written by Adele and Dan Wilson for her second studio album, \"21\".", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ It is the second single and final track on the album.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ The song was inspired by a broken relationship, and lyrically speaks of Adele's coming to terms with it.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ XL Recordings released the song as the second single from the album on 24 January 2011 in the United Kingdom and on 9 August 2011 in the United States.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ Accompanied only by a piano in the song (played by co-writer Wilson), Adele sings about the end of the relationship with her ex-boyfriend.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ The song received wide acclaim from music critics, who chose the song as a highlight of \"21\" and praised the lyrics, its simple sound and Adele's vocal performance.", "Rocky Mountain National Park __knowledge__ Rocky Mountain National Park is a United States national park located approximately northwest of Denver International Airport in north-central Colorado, within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.", "Rocky Mountain National Park __knowledge__ The park is situated between the towns of Estes Park to the east and Grand Lake to the west.", "Rocky Mountain National Park __knowledge__ The eastern and westerns slopes of the Continental Divide run directly through the center of the park with the headwaters of the Colorado River located in the park's northwestern region.", "Rocky Mountain National Park __knowledge__ The main features of the park include mountains, alpine lakes and a wide variety of wildlife within various climates and environments, from wooded forests to mountain tundra.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ The Canadian Ski Marathon is a ski tour.", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ It is held annually just north of the Ottawa River between the regions of Montreal and Ottawa, capital of Canada, in February and usually covers a distance of .", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ However, it is a ski tour, not a race: participants challenge not each other, but themselves by choosing a level of difficulty and trying to accomplish that goal.", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ The Marathon, which has been running since Canada's Centennial year of 1967, is the longest in the world.", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ It consists of 10 sections of varying lengths and difficulties which can either be skied together over the two days (five stages per day), or individually on subsequent days.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is a geological feature, located on Catawba mountain in Catawba, Virginia, United States.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ It is named for a Scotch-Irish 18th-century settler.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ Considered to be the most scenic point along the Appalachian Trail, the vista offers panoramic views of the Catawba Valley, 3400 feet below.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is located on the Appalachian Trail, a four-mile hike northbound from the intersection with VA-311 in Catawba, Virginia or a 16 mile hike southbound from US-220 in Troutville, Virginia.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail is a 2,175-mile hiking trail following the Appalachian Mountains between Georgia and Maine, and is a unit of the National Park Service.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur is a lightly populated, unincorporated region on California's Central Coast that is frequently praised for its rugged coastline and mountain views, where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ The coast is the \"longest and most scenic stretch of undeveloped coastline in the [contiguous] United States,\" it has been described as a \"national treasure that demands extraordinary procedures to protect it from development\" and \"one of the most beautiful coastlines anywhere in the world, an isolated stretch of road, mythic in reputation.\"", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur's Cone Peak at 5,155 feet (1,571 m) is only 3 miles (5 km) from the ocean and the tallest coastal mountain in the contiguous United States.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Batona Trail __knowledge__ The Batona Trail is a hiking trail through New Jersey's Pine Barrens.", "Batona Trail __knowledge__ The trail is one of the longest in the state, behind the Delaware and Raritan Canal Trail, the section of the Appalachian Trail within the state, the Liberty-Water Gap Trail, and the completed section of the Highlands Trail in the state.", "Batona Trail __knowledge__ The Batona Trail begins in Brendan T. Byrne State Forest (formerly Lebanon State Forest) at the ghost town of Ong's Hat and traverses Franklin Parker Preserve, Wharton State Forest and Bass River State Forest.", "Batona Trail __knowledge__ The trail was built in 1961 by the Batona Hiking Club, which began informally in 1928 when Philadelphians began meeting regularly to hike." ] ]

[ 20, 43, 41, 0 ]

[ "I do too! I live fairly close to parts of the Appalachian Trail. Where do you like to hike?", "It is beautiful! The best location for me was McAfee Knob in Catawba, Virginia. Who do you like to hike with?", "It is amazing. Many people think it is the most scenic point along the whole trail. ", "I have not had that pleasure. Where is that located?" ]

[ "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking" ]

[ "Divorce\nMy friend is about to get a divorce and I have been helping him find out more.", "So it is a legal process? Like in court?", "It sounds like a messy process. ", "My friend has kids so he will have to deal with that I am assuming, What else can you tell me so I can help him out?", "I see. He also has a house so that will have to be figured out too it sounds like." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" is a television series created by Brenda Hampton.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ It first premiered on ABC Family on July 1, 2008 and ran until June 3, 2013.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ The show features a regular cast of characters, which began with eleven people in its first season.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ Since then, characters have left the show, with new main characters having both been written in and out of the series.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Secret Life\" features multiple guest stars each week, some having larger roles than others.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ The plot focuses on the character of Amy Juergens after becoming accidentally pregnant at band camp.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ It explores how the pregnancy affects her, her peers, and her family.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Henry M. Hart Jr. __knowledge__ Henry Melvin Hart Jr. (19041969) was an American legal scholar who was an influential member of the Harvard Law School faculty from 1932 until his death.", "Henry M. Hart Jr. __knowledge__ Born in Butte, Montana, Hart received his A.B.", "Henry M. Hart Jr. __knowledge__ from Harvard College in 1926 and attended Harvard Law School, where he was president of the \"Harvard Law Review\" and received an LL.M.", "Henry M. Hart Jr. __knowledge__ in 1930 and an S.J.D.", "Henry M. Hart Jr. __knowledge__ in 1931.", "Henry M. Hart Jr. __knowledge__ Following work for then-Professor Felix Frankfurter, Hart clerked for Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis and then returned to Harvard Law School, where he was a fixture until his death at 64.", "Henry M. Hart Jr. __knowledge__ An \"ardent supporter of the New Deal\" and of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, World War II and the Cold War led Hart to evolve \"from a dedicated progressive into a theorist of social stability, cultural consensus, and institutional balance.\"", "Legal outsourcing __knowledge__ Legal outsourcing, also known as legal process outsourcing (LPO), refers to the practice of a law firm or corporation obtaining legal support services from an outside law firm or legal support services company (LPO provider).", "Legal outsourcing __knowledge__ When the LPO provider is based in another country, the practice is called offshoring and involves the practice of outsourcing any activity except those where personal presence or contact is required, e.g.", "Legal outsourcing __knowledge__ appearances in court and face-to-face negotiations.", "Legal outsourcing __knowledge__ When the LPO provider is based in the same country, the practice of outsourcing includes agency work and other services requiring a physical presence, such as court appearances.", "International legal theories __knowledge__ International legal theory comprises a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches used to explain and analyse the content, formation and effectiveness of public international law and institutions and to suggest improvements.", "International legal theories __knowledge__ Some approaches center on the question of compliance: why states follow international norms in the absence of a coercive power that ensures compliance.", "International legal theories __knowledge__ Other approaches focus on the problem of the formation of international rules: why states voluntarily adopt international legal norms, that limit their freedom of action, in the absence of a world legislature.", "International legal theories __knowledge__ Other perspectives are policy oriented; they elaborate theoretical frameworks and instruments to criticize the existing rules and make suggestions on how to improve them.", "Diane Marie Rodríguez Zambrano __knowledge__ Diane Marie Rodríguez Zambrano (March 16, 1982, Guayaquil, Ecuador) is a transgender activist in human rights, sexuality, and LGBT rights in Ecuador, and a post-feminist who is currently the transgender-chair of the \"Silueta X Association\" and representative of \"Observatory LGBTI of Ecuador\".", "Diane Marie Rodríguez Zambrano __knowledge__ In 2009 she created a legal precedent in favor of the transgender population, to sue the Civil Registry to change her masculine name Luis Benedicto to the feminine Diane Marie.", "Diane Marie Rodríguez Zambrano __knowledge__ During the General Elections in Ecuador 2013, she became the first openly transgender and even LGBTI candidate to run for elected office in Ecuador.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Civil procedure in South Africa is the formal rules and standards that courts follow in that country when adjudicating civil suits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters).", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ The legal realm is divided broadly into substantive and procedural law.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Substantive law is that law which defines the contents of rights and obligations between legal subjects; procedural law regulates how those rights and obligations are enforced.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced, and what kind of service of process is required, along with the types of pleadings or statements of case, motions or applications, and orders allowed in civil cases, the timing and manner of depositions and discovery or disclosure, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks are to function.", "The Lexington Principles on the Rights of Detainees __knowledge__ The Lexington Principles on the Rights of Detainees (Lexington Principles) is a body of international due process principles that reflect the prevailing transnational norms in the area of detainee treatment.", "The Lexington Principles on the Rights of Detainees __knowledge__ The Lexington Principles were completed and published on April 1, 2009.", "The Lexington Principles on the Rights of Detainees __knowledge__ The instrument consists of 45 principles and countless annotations prepared by the project's law student editorial board.", "The Lexington Principles on the Rights of Detainees __knowledge__ A primary purpose of the drafters of the Lexington Principles was to assist the jurisprudential evolution of American constitutional due process standards after the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in \"Boumediene v. Bush\".", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Cases of child sexual abuse by Catholic priests, nuns and members of religious orders, and subsequent cover-ups, in the 20th and 21st centuries have led to numerous allegations, investigations, trials and convictions.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ The abused include boys and girls, some as young as 3 years old, with the majority between the ages of 11 and 14.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ The accusations began to receive isolated, sporadic publicity in the late 1980s.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Many of these involved cases in which a figure was accused of abuse for decades; such allegations were frequently made by adults or older youths years after the abuse occurred.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Cases have also been brought against members of the Catholic hierarchy who covered up sex abuse allegations and moved abusive priests to other parishes where abuse continued.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ This article summarizes the same-sex marriage laws of states and similar jurisdictions in the United States.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Via the case \"Obergefell v. Hodges\" on June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States legalized same-sex marriage in a decision that applies nationwide, with the possible exception of American Samoa and some tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Same-sex marriages are currently licensed and recognized in all U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia, excepting the aforementioned American Samoa and some Native American tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Texts: ALABAMA CONSTITUTION - Amendment 774.", "History of gay men in the United States __knowledge__ This article is about the history of gay men in the United States.", "History of gay men in the United States __knowledge__ For lesbians, please see History of lesbianism in the United States.", "History of gay men in the United States __knowledge__ Two-spirit is a modern umbrella term used by some indigenous North Americans for Gender variant individuals in their communities.", "History of gay men in the United States __knowledge__ The presence of male two-spirits existed before European contact, and \"was a fundamental institution among most tribal peoples\".", "History of gay men in the United States __knowledge__ According to Will Roscoe, male and female two-spirits have been \"documented in over 130 North America tribes, in every region of the continent\".", "History of gay men in the United States __knowledge__ Two-spirits might have relationships with people of either sex.", "Alash Ensemble __knowledge__ The ensemble Alash is a throat singing band from Tuva that performs traditional Tuvan music with some non-traditional influences.", "Alash Ensemble __knowledge__ The musicians of Alash are Bady-Dorzhu Ondar, Ayan-ool Sam, and Ayan Shirizhik.", "Alash Ensemble __knowledge__ All were trained in traditional Tuvan music since childhood, first learning from their families and later becoming students of master throat singers.", "Alash Ensemble __knowledge__ Originally called Changy-Xaya, the group was formed at Kyzyl Arts College in 1999 and quickly became the resident traditional ensemble.", "Alash Ensemble __knowledge__ At the same time, the young musicians were learning harmony, theory, staff notation and western classical music.", "Married Women's Property Act 1870 __knowledge__ The Married Women's Property Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict.", "Married Women's Property Act 1870 __knowledge__ c.93) was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that allowed married women to be the legal owners of the money they earned and to inherit property.", "Married Women's Property Act 1870 __knowledge__ Before 1870, any money made by a woman either through a wage, from investment, by gift, or through inheritance automatically became the property of her husband once she was married.", "Married Women's Property Act 1870 __knowledge__ Thus, the identity of the wife became legally absorbed into that of her husband, effectively making them one person under the law.", "Married Women's Property Act 1870 __knowledge__ Once a woman became married she had no claim to her property as her husband had full control and could do whatever suited him regarding the property: “Thus, a woman, on marrying, relinquished her personal property—moveable property such as money, stocks, furniture, and livestock--- to her husband’s ownership; by law he was permitted to dispose of it at will at any time in the marriage and could even will it away at death”.", "Common-law marriage in the United States __knowledge__ Common-law marriage, also known as sui juris marriage, informal marriage, marriage by habit and repute, or marriage in fact is a legal framework in a limited number of jurisdictions where a couple is legally considered married, without that couple having formally registered their relation as a civil or religious marriage.", "Common-law marriage in the United States __knowledge__ The original concept of a \"common-law marriage\" is a marriage that is considered valid by both partners, but has not been formally recorded with a state or religious registry, or celebrated in a formal religious service.", "Common-law marriage in the United States __knowledge__ In effect, the act of the couple representing themselves to others as being married, and organizing their relation as if they were married, acts as the evidence that they are married.", "Marriage in ancient Greece __knowledge__ The institution of marriage in ancient Greece encouraged responsibility in personal relationships.", "Marriage in ancient Greece __knowledge__ Marriages were usually arranged by the parents; professional matchmakers were reluctantly used.", "Marriage in ancient Greece __knowledge__ Each city was politically independent, with its own laws affecting marriage.", "Marriage in ancient Greece __knowledge__ Orphaned daughters were left to uncles or cousins.", "Marriage in ancient Greece __knowledge__ For the marriage to be legal, the woman's father or guardian gave permission to a suitable male who could afford to marry.", "Marriage in ancient Greece __knowledge__ Wintertime marriages were popular.", "Marriage in ancient Greece __knowledge__ The couple participated in a ceremony which included rituals such as veil removal but the couple living together made the marriage legal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ The following is a list of Mr. Men, from the children's book series by Roger Hargreaves, also adapted into the children's television programme \"The Mr. Men Show\".", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Books one (\"Mr. Tickle\") to forty-three (\"Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Cheerful\") were written by Hargreaves, and the remainder by his son, Adam Hargreaves.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Adventure is the 49th book in the \"Mr. Men\" series and the sixth one created by Adam Hargreaves.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Adventure is yellow and bean shaped with a yellow nose.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ He wears red shoes and a blue cap, along with a green backpack.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Bounce is the 22nd book in the \"Mr. Men\" series.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Bounce is yellow and round and wears a pink hat.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "Fountain pen __knowledge__ A fountain pen is a nib pen that, unlike its predecessor, the dip pen, contains an internal reservoir of liquid ink.", "Fountain pen __knowledge__ The pen draws ink from the reservoir through a feed to the nib and deposits it on paper via a combination of gravity and capillary action.", "Fountain pen __knowledge__ Filling the reservoir with ink may be achieved manually, via the use of a Pasteur pipette (eyedropper) or syringe, or via an internal filling mechanism which creates suction (for example, through a piston mechanism) to transfer ink directly through the nib into the reservoir.", "Fountain pen __knowledge__ Some pens employ removable reservoirs in the form of pre-filled ink cartridges.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ In Chinese tradition, certain numbers are believed by some to be auspicious (吉利, ) or inauspicious (不利, ) based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The numbers 6, 8 and 9 are generally considered to be auspicious, while 4 and 7 are considered inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 0 (零, ) is the beginning of all things and is generally considered a good number.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 1 (一, ) is neither auspicious nor inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ It is a number given to winners to indicate the first place.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ But it can also symbolize loneliness or being single.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ For example: November 11th is the Singles' Day in China, as the date has four ‘1’ which stand for singles.", "Messy Little Raindrops __knowledge__ Messy Little Raindrops is the second studio album by British recording artist Cheryl Cole, released on 29 October 2010 by Fascination Records.", "Messy Little Raindrops __knowledge__ The project is the follow-up to Cole's multi-platinum debut solo album \"3 Words\" (2009), following seven successful years as a member of girl group Girls Aloud.", "Messy Little Raindrops __knowledge__ Recorded in Los Angeles and London, Cole mainly worked with Wayne Wilkins, who previously produced Cole's number one debut single \"Fight for This Love\".", "Messy Little Raindrops __knowledge__ The album utilises more of a dance-pop sound than Cole's previous album.", "Messy Little Raindrops __knowledge__ It received generally mixed reviews from contemporary music critics.", "Messy Little Raindrops __knowledge__ It was preceded by the lead single, \"Promise This\", peaking at number one in Ireland and the UK.", "The Life of Pablo __knowledge__ The Life of Pablo is the seventh studio album by American rapper Kanye West.", "The Life of Pablo __knowledge__ It was released on February 14, 2016, by GOOD Music and Def Jam Recordings.", "The Life of Pablo __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place from 2013 to 2016, in Italy, Mexico, Canada and the United States.", "The Life of Pablo __knowledge__ Record production on the album was handled by West and a variety of producers, including Mike Dean, Noah Goldstein, Metro Boomin, Rick Rubin, Hudson Mohawke.", "The Life of Pablo __knowledge__ He also enlisted a wide array of guest vocalists, including The Weeknd, Ty Dolla Sign, Desiigner, Kid Cudi, The-Dream, Chance the Rapper, Rihanna, Sampha, Post Malone, Kendrick Lamar and Frank Ocean.", "This Is What the Truth Feels Like __knowledge__ This Is What the Truth Feels Like is the third studio album recorded by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani.", "This Is What the Truth Feels Like __knowledge__ It was released on March 18, 2016 by Interscope Records.", "This Is What the Truth Feels Like __knowledge__ Initially, the album was scheduled to be released in December 2014 with Stefani working with a handful of high-profile producers, and Benny Blanco serving as executive producer.", "This Is What the Truth Feels Like __knowledge__ However, after the underperformance of her 2014 singles and the writer's block Stefani suffered, she did not feel comfortable curating an album and scrapped the whole record in favor of starting again.", "This Is What the Truth Feels Like __knowledge__ The album's release was scheduled after Stefani hinted at it on her Twitter account.", "Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 __knowledge__ The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007, also known as CDM Regulations or CDM 2007, previously defined legal duties for the safe operation of UK construction sites.", "Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 __knowledge__ They were superseded by the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015.", "Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 __knowledge__ The regulations placed specific duties on clients, designers and contractors, to plan their approach to health and safety.", "Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 __knowledge__ They applied throughout construction projects, from inception to final demolition and removal.", "Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 __knowledge__ They were introduced by the Health and Safety Executive's Construction Division to: CDM 2007 was a result of an EU Directive 92/57/EEC (OJ L245, 26.8.92), the 'Construction Sites Directive'.", "Declaration of Human Duties and Responsibilities __knowledge__ The Declaration of Human Duties and Responsibilities (DHDR) was written for reinforcing the implementation of human rights under the auspices of the UNESCO and the interest of the UN High Commissioner of Human Rights and was proclaimed in 1998 \"to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights\"(UDHR) in the city of Valencia.", "Declaration of Human Duties and Responsibilities __knowledge__ Therefore, it is also known as the Valencia Declaration.", "Declaration of Human Duties and Responsibilities __knowledge__ Considering that the major challenge for this new century is the effective and efficient realisation of human rights for all people, and that at the same time is needed that all members of the human family strive for its fulfilment, the DHDR formulates related duties and responsibilities for our current interdependence.", "Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. __knowledge__ Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (; March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932, and as Acting Chief Justice of the United States from January–February 1930.", "Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. __knowledge__ Noted for his long service, his concise and pithy opinions, and his deference to the decisions of elected legislatures, he is one of the most widely cited United States Supreme Court justices in history, particularly for his \"clear and present danger\" opinion for a unanimous Court in the 1919 case of \"Schenck v. United States\", and is one of the most influential American common law judges, honored during his lifetime in Great Britain as well as the United States.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ This article summarizes the same-sex marriage laws of states and similar jurisdictions in the United States.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Via the case \"Obergefell v. Hodges\" on June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States legalized same-sex marriage in a decision that applies nationwide, with the possible exception of American Samoa and some tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Same-sex marriages are currently licensed and recognized in all U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia, excepting the aforementioned American Samoa and some Native American tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Texts: ALABAMA CONSTITUTION - Amendment 774.", "South African family law __knowledge__ South African family law is concerned with those legal rules in South Africa which pertain to familial relationships.", "South African family law __knowledge__ It may be defined as \"that subdivision of material private law which researches, describes and regulates the origin, contents and dissolution of all legal relationships between: (i) husband and wife (including the parties to a civil union); (ii) parents, guardians (and other holders of parental rights and responsibilities) and children; and (iii) relatives related through blood and affinity.\"", "South African family law __knowledge__ There are various branches of family law, among them Marriage is the act by which a marriage relationship is formed, and which defines the relationship created by that act.", "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The history of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom formally covers the period from the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 but is founded in the history of such legislation in England and Wales, and Scotland before 1707, and that of the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800.", "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ While much British legislation applied to the United Kingdom as a whole, Scotland and Northern Ireland often had their own versions of the legislation, with slight differences.", "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ United Kingdom legislation before 1922 remained in force in the Irish Free State after its independence in that year." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ It has aired since 2013 and is currently airing the fifth series.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005, and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Faith Davis is a resident of Elm Tree House and Ashdene Ridge during the first two series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Leanne Dunstan.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the various characters throughout the Japanese tokusatsu series \"Garo\", not including the Horrors, a breed of demonic beings that make for most of the series antagonists.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The various holders of the title are the main characters of the franchise, armed with the blade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The Garo title, based on the word for \"hope\" in the old Makai language, is traditionally associated with the Saezima family.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ For reasons yet to be explained, the man who takes the title of Garo is often regarded to be the strongest Knight, widely known throughout the Makai community.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is however, not a formal ranking in itself and no preferential treatment is given to the said Knight, as evident with Kouga in \"\" who was in service for years before being promoted to be a Knight serving under the Senate.", "Alimony __knowledge__ Alimony (also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spousal maintenance (Australia)) is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to their spouse before or after marital separation or divorce.", "Alimony __knowledge__ The obligation arises from the divorce law or family law of each country.", "Alimony __knowledge__ The term alimony comes from the Latin word \"alimōnia\" (\"nourishment, sustenance\", from \"alere,\" \"to nourish\"), from which also alimentary (of, or relating to food, nutrition, or digestion) and the Scots law concept of aliment, and was a rule of sustenance to assure the wife's lodging, food, clothing, and other necessities after divorce.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ The fathers' rights movement has evolved in many countries.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ This article provides details about the fathers' rights movement in specific countries.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ Fathers' rights groups began in Australia in the 1970s with the founding of organizations such as the Lone Fathers Association.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ Other well-known groups include Equality for Fathers, Dads Against Discrimination, Dads in Distress, Fathers Without Rights, The Men's Confraternity and the Shared Parenting Council.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ As with other fathers' rights activists, Australian organizations focus on issues of erosion of the family unit, custody, access, child support, domestic violence (including false allegations, and violence against men), child abuse, maintenance, the reintroduction of fault into divorce proceedings, biased and adversarial court systems and secrecy issues.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ The men's rights movement in India is composed of various men's rights organisations in India.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ Proponents of the movement support the introduction of gender-neutral legislation and repeal of laws that they consider are biased against men.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ The movement notes several issues with the bias against men in India.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ Men's rights activists claim that anti-dowry laws in India are frequently being misused to harass and extort husbands, and attributed this to the high suicide rate among married men in India, which is almost twice that of women.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ They claim that the divorce and child custody laws are biased against men.", "Child support __knowledge__ In family law and public policy, child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (or parent, caregiver, guardian, or state) following the end of a marriage or other relationship.", "Child support __knowledge__ Child maintenance is paid directly or indirectly by an \"obligor\" to an \"obligee\" for the care and support of children of a relationship that has been terminated, or in some cases never existed.", "Child support __knowledge__ Often the obligor is a non-custodial parent.", "Child support __knowledge__ The obligee is typically a custodial parent, a caregiver, a guardian, or the state.", "Child support __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, a custodial parent may pay child support to a non-custodial parent.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ International child abduction in Japan refers to the illegal international abduction or removal of children from their country of habitual residence by an acquaintance or family member to Japan or their retention in Japan in contravention to the law of another country.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Most cases involve a Japanese mother taking her children to Japan in defiance of visitation or joint custody orders issued by Western courts.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ The issue is a growing problem as the number of international marriages increases.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Barring exceptional circumstances, the effects of child abduction are generally detrimental to the welfare of children.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ The fathers' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support that affect fathers and their children.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ Many of its members are fathers who desire to share the parenting of their children equally with their children's mother—either after divorce or as unwed fathers—and the children of the terminated marriage.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ The movement includes men as well as women, often the second wives of divorced fathers or other family members of men who have had some engagement with family law.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ Most of the members of the fathers' rights movement had little prior interest in the law or politics.", "Child custody __knowledge__ Child custody and \"legal guardianship\" are legal terms which are used to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent or guardian and a child in that person's care, such as the right to make decisions on behalf of a child and the duty to care for and support the child.", "Child custody __knowledge__ Following ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in most countries, terms such as parental responsibility, \"residence\" and \"contact\" (also known as \"visitation\", \"conservatorship\" or \"parenting time\" in the United States) have superseded the concepts of \"custody\" and \"access\" in some member nations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The Chemistry Set are a cult London psychedelic band.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Composed of veterans of the late 1980s neo-psychedelic boom, the group received regular airplay on John Peel's show, were covered in the mainstream and underground music press and appeared on Tony Wilson's BBC2 television show, \"100%\".", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The original line up consisted of Ashley Wood (rhythm guitar/vocals), Paul Lake (lead guitar/vocals), Henry Taprell (bass) and Dave McLean (drums/vocals) with Neil Pond (Harmonica and percussion) joining them both onstage and in the studio.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Wood and Lake had previously played in school bands for a number of years having met at secondary school in south east London.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ In Chinese tradition, certain numbers are believed by some to be auspicious (吉利, ) or inauspicious (不利, ) based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The numbers 6, 8 and 9 are generally considered to be auspicious, while 4 and 7 are considered inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 0 (零, ) is the beginning of all things and is generally considered a good number.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 1 (一, ) is neither auspicious nor inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ It is a number given to winners to indicate the first place.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ But it can also symbolize loneliness or being single.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ For example: November 11th is the Singles' Day in China, as the date has four ‘1’ which stand for singles.", "Tetraphobia __knowledge__ Tetraphobia (from Greek τετράς—\"tetras\", \"four\" and φόβος—\"phobos\", \"fear\") is the practice of avoiding instances of the number .", "Tetraphobia __knowledge__ It is a superstition most common in East Asian nations.", "Tetraphobia __knowledge__ The Chinese word for \"four\" (, pinyin: sì, jyutping: sei), sounds quite similar to the word for \"death\" (, pinyin: sǐ, jyutping: sei), in many varieties of Chinese.", "Tetraphobia __knowledge__ Similarly, the Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean, and Sino-Vietnamese words for \"four\", shi (し, Japanese), and sa (사, Korean), sound similar or identical to \"death\" in each language (see Korean numerals, Japanese numerals, Vietnamese numerals).", "Tetraphobia __knowledge__ Special care may be taken to avoid occurrences or reminders of the number 4 during everyday life, especially during festive holidays, or when a family member is ill. Mentioning the number 4 around a sick relative is strongly avoided.", "List of The Adventures of Tintin characters __knowledge__ This is the list of fictional characters in \"The Adventures of Tintin\", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé.", "List of The Adventures of Tintin characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed alphabetically, grouped by the Main characters, the Antagonists, and the Supporting characters.", "List of The Adventures of Tintin characters __knowledge__ Before the list, there is an Index of characters for each of the 24 albums.", "List of The Adventures of Tintin characters __knowledge__ The supporting characters Hergé created for his series have been described as far more developed than the central character, each imbued with a strength of character and depth of personality that has been compared with that of the characters of Charles Dickens.", "List of The Adventures of Tintin characters __knowledge__ Hergé used the supporting characters to create a realistic world in which to set his protagonists' adventures.", "List of The X-Family characters __knowledge__ This is a character list of the Taiwanese television series \"The X-Family\", which was aired between August 8 and October 23, 2007.", "List of The X-Family characters __knowledge__ Full name: Xia Lan Xing De Xiong (夏蘭荇德‧雄).Blood status: Pure-blood.Age: 43 years old.Aura: Red.Position in the family: Mother of Xia Yu (夏宇), Xia Tian (夏天), and Xia Mei (夏美).Status: Alive.Fighting Points 11500+.Actress: Pauline Lan (藍心湄).", "List of The X-Family characters __knowledge__ Biography: As the sole bread winner in the family and owner of a truck company, she takes on the roles that traditionally belong to fathers and sons.", "List of The X-Family characters __knowledge__ Despite her tough exterior, she desires the closeness and comfort of a normal family life.", "Family law in British Columbia __knowledge__ There are two courts that handle almost all family law litigation in British Columbia, Canada: the Provincial (Family) Court and the Supreme Court.", "Family law in British Columbia __knowledge__ Each court has its own rules, its own forms, and its own process.", "Family law in British Columbia __knowledge__ There are two main laws that apply to family law problems in BC.", "Family law in British Columbia __knowledge__ A law, in this sense of the word, means a rule made by the government.", "Family law in British Columbia __knowledge__ These laws are the federal \"Divorce Act\" and the provincial \"Family Law Act\".", "Family law in British Columbia __knowledge__ Each law deals with different issues, although they share a lot of issues in common.", "Family law in British Columbia __knowledge__ For some couples, both laws will apply; for others, only one of these laws will apply, probably the \"Family Law Act\".", "Child support __knowledge__ In family law and public policy, child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (or parent, caregiver, guardian, or state) following the end of a marriage or other relationship.", "Child support __knowledge__ Child maintenance is paid directly or indirectly by an \"obligor\" to an \"obligee\" for the care and support of children of a relationship that has been terminated, or in some cases never existed.", "Child support __knowledge__ Often the obligor is a non-custodial parent.", "Child support __knowledge__ The obligee is typically a custodial parent, a caregiver, a guardian, or the state.", "Child support __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, a custodial parent may pay child support to a non-custodial parent.", "Alimony __knowledge__ Alimony (also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spousal maintenance (Australia)) is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to their spouse before or after marital separation or divorce.", "Alimony __knowledge__ The obligation arises from the divorce law or family law of each country.", "Alimony __knowledge__ The term alimony comes from the Latin word \"alimōnia\" (\"nourishment, sustenance\", from \"alere,\" \"to nourish\"), from which also alimentary (of, or relating to food, nutrition, or digestion) and the Scots law concept of aliment, and was a rule of sustenance to assure the wife's lodging, food, clothing, and other necessities after divorce.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Like marriage, divorce in the United States is under the jurisdiction of state governments, not the federal government.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Divorce or \"dissolution of marriage\" is a legal process in which a judge or other authority dissolves the bonds of matrimony existing between two persons, thus restoring them to the status of being single and permitting them to marry other individuals.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ The legal process for divorce may also involve issues of spousal support, child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt, though these matters are usually only ancillary or consequential to the dissolution of the marriage.", "Child custody __knowledge__ Child custody and \"legal guardianship\" are legal terms which are used to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent or guardian and a child in that person's care, such as the right to make decisions on behalf of a child and the duty to care for and support the child.", "Child custody __knowledge__ Following ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in most countries, terms such as parental responsibility, \"residence\" and \"contact\" (also known as \"visitation\", \"conservatorship\" or \"parenting time\" in the United States) have superseded the concepts of \"custody\" and \"access\" in some member nations.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ International child abduction in Japan refers to the illegal international abduction or removal of children from their country of habitual residence by an acquaintance or family member to Japan or their retention in Japan in contravention to the law of another country.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Most cases involve a Japanese mother taking her children to Japan in defiance of visitation or joint custody orders issued by Western courts.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ The issue is a growing problem as the number of international marriages increases.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Barring exceptional circumstances, the effects of child abduction are generally detrimental to the welfare of children." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Oh its the dissolution of the marriage legally", "Yes terminating the marriage and reorganizing the legal duties and responsibilities", "Yes it is because issues like alimony and child support and child custody are settled", "legal process involves spousal support, child support , child custody, visitation and distribution of property, ", "that will fall under property division (who get its) and division of debt (who pays for it)" ]

[ "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce" ]

[ "Equestrianism", "My daughter took equestrian lessons when she was 12 but she was afraid of the height of the horses. lol", "I've never really watched a lot of equestrian events. Do you ride competitively? ", "I bet that is very relaxing to just enjoy a nice trail ride. What part of the country do you live in?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ The Arabian or Arab horse ( , DMG \"ḥiṣān ʿarabī\") is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were wild horses and were probably hunted for meat.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ How and when horses became domesticated is disputed.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse.", "Horseback riding simulators __knowledge__ Horseback riding simulators are intended to allow people to gain the benefits of therapeutic horseback riding or to gain skill and conditioning for equestrian activity while diminishing the issues of surrounding cost, availability, and individual comfort level around horses.", "Horseback riding simulators __knowledge__ Horseback therapy has been used by many types of therapists (ie: physical, occupational, and speech therapists) to advance their physical, mental, emotional, and social skills.", "Horseback riding simulators __knowledge__ Simulators used for therapeutic purposes can be used anywhere (ie: clinic or a patient home), do not take up much space, and can be programmed to achieve the type of therapy desired.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of horses ridden in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ By 1600 BC, improved harness and chariot designs made chariot warfare common throughout the Ancient Near East, and the earliest written training manual for war horses was a guide for training chariot horses written about 1350 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ As formal cavalry tactics replaced the chariot, so did new training methods, and by 360 BC, the Greek cavalry officer Xenophon had written an extensive treatise on horsemanship.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Horses play a large role in the daily and national life of the Mongols; it is traditionally said that \"A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without the wings.\"", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Elizabeth Kendall, who travelled through Mongolia in 1911, observed, \"To appreciate the Mongol you must see him on horseback,—and indeed you rarely see him otherwise, for he does not put foot to ground if he can help it.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ The Mongol without his pony is only half a Mongol, but with his pony he is as good as two men.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ It is a fine sight to see him tearing over the plain, loose bridle, easy seat, much like the Western cowboy, but with less sprawl.\"", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) encompasses a range of treatments that involve activities with horses and other equines to promote human physical and mental health.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ The use of EAT has roots in antiquity, and EAT applies to physical health issues in modern form dates to the 1960s.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ Modern of horses for mental health treatment dates to the 1990s.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ Systematic review of studies of EAT as applied to physical health date only to about 2007, and a lack of common terminology and standardization has caused problems with meta-analysis.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ Due to a lack of high-quality studies assessing the efficacy of equine-assisted therapies for mental health treatment, concerns have been raised that these therapies should not replace or divert resources from other evidence-based mental health therapies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "List of Olympic medalists in equestrian __knowledge__ Equestrian sports are among those contested at the Summer Olympic Games.", "List of Olympic medalists in equestrian __knowledge__ Equine events began at the Olympics in 1900, when competitions in polo (considered by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to be a separate sport from the other equestrian events), vaulting, four-in-hand driving, mail coach driving, mixed hacks and hunters and three types of jumping (high jump, long jump and show-jumping) were held.", "List of Olympic medalists in equestrian __knowledge__ Most of these events were later discontinued, although equestrian events have continued through the 2016 Summer Olympics, and now include team and individual dressage, three-day eventing and show-jumping.", "Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The equestrian events at the 1956 Summer Olympics were held in Stockholm due to the Australian quarantine regulations and included dressage, eventing, and show jumping.", "Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions.", "Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The competitions were held from 11 to 17 June 1956 at Stockholm Olympic Stadium.", "Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ There were 159 entries from 29 countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Soviet Union, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, USA and Venezuela.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Equestrian at the Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Equestrianism made its Summer Olympics debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.", "Equestrian at the Summer Olympics __knowledge__ It disappeared until 1912, but has appeared at every Summer Olympic Games since.", "Equestrian at the Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The current Olympic equestrian disciplines are Dressage, Eventing, and Jumping.", "Equestrian at the Summer Olympics __knowledge__ In each discipline, both individual and team medals are awarded.", "Equestrian at the Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Women and men compete together on equal terms.", "Equestrian at the Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Equestrian disciplines and the equestrian component of Modern Pentathlon are also the only Olympic events that involve animals.", "Equestrian at the Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The horse is considered as much an athlete as the rider.", "Equestrian at the Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The International Governing Body for equestrian sports is the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI).", "1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The 1956 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, in November–December 1956, apart from the equestrian events, which were held five months earlier in Stockholm, Sweden.", "1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The 1956 Games were the first to be staged in the Southern Hemisphere and Oceania, as well as the first to be held outside Europe and North America.", "1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Melbourne is the southernmost city to host the games.", "1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Equestrian events could not be held in Australia due to quarantine regulations.", "1956 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ This was the second Olympics not to be held entirely in one country, the first being the 1920 Summer Olympics, which Antwerp, Belgium, co-hosted with Amsterdam and Ostend.", "Para-equestrian __knowledge__ Para-equestrian is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events: One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities.", "Para-equestrian __knowledge__ The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities.", "Para-equestrian __knowledge__ The first official Paralympic Games was held in Rome in 1960.", "Para-equestrian __knowledge__ The Games were initially open only to athletes in wheelchairs; at the 1976 Summer Games, athletes with different disabilities were included for the first time at a Summer Paralympics.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ Tryon is a town in Polk County, North Carolina, United States.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,646.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ Located in the escarpment of the Blue Ridge Mountains, the area is a center for outdoor pursuits, equestrian activity and fine arts.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ Tryon Peak and the Town of Tryon are named for William Tryon, Governor of North Carolina from 1765 to 1771 in recognition of his negotiation with the Cherokee for a treaty during a bloody period of conflict during the French and Indian War.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ The area now known as Tryon was originally part of the Cherokee nation of Western North Carolina.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence dates their occupation of the site to the end of the last Ice Age more than 11,000 years ago and semi-permanent villages appeared by 8,000 B.C.", "Canadian Equestrian Team __knowledge__ The Canadian Equestrian Team or CET ( or \"EEC\") collectively describes the athletes that represent Canada at the highest levels of international equestrian competition, specifically at the World Championship, Olympic, and Paralympic levels.", "Canadian Equestrian Team __knowledge__ There many different equestrian disciplines, with separate and overlapping international governing bodies, responsible for different international championship series.", "Canadian Equestrian Team __knowledge__ Because of this, the term Canadian Equestrian Team has been used by many equestrian sport organizations since 1840 to describe their most senior teams competing for Canada internationally in a variety of disciplines and in a variety of systems.", "Equestrian at the 1928 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The equestrian events at the 1928 Summer Olympics included dressage, eventing, and show jumping.", "Equestrian at the 1928 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions.", "Equestrian at the 1928 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The competitions were held from 8 to 12 August 1928.", "Equestrian at the 1928 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Teams were now fielded by three riders, rather than four, the purpose being to reduce pressure on national federations to find that many riders in order to compete for team medals.", "Equestrian at the 1928 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Riders had to be considered amateurs, which was defined as either an actively serving professional officer, or as a gentleman rider as defined by the rules of that rider's national governing body.", "Equestrian at the 1928 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ A total of 121 entries were present from 20 nations: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the USA.", "Summer Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Summer Olympic Games () or the Games of the Olympiad, first held in 1896, is an international multi-sport event that is hosted by a different city every four years.", "Summer Olympic Games __knowledge__ The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "Summer Olympic Games __knowledge__ The International Olympic Committee organizes the games and oversees the host city's preparations.", "Summer Olympic Games __knowledge__ In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third; this tradition began in 1904.", "Summer Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Winter Olympic Games were created due to the success of the Summer Olympics.", "Summer Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympics have increased in scope from a 42-event competition with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896 to 302 events with 10,768 competitors (5,992 men, 4,776 women) from 204 nations in 2012." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Competitive trail riding (CTR) is an equestrian sport where riders cover a marked trail for a distance that is usually between 15 and 40 miles per day.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Some rides are only one day long, others may run as long as three days.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ One-day six-mile events have also become popular.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ The goal of the competition is to demonstrate partnership between horse and rider.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Unlike in endurance riding, factors other than speed are considered.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ If the ride is timed, it is a form of pace race; otherwise it is a judged trail ride.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ In a timed ride, horses may not come in under or over a certain time, and veterinary checks, rider behavior and other elements play a role in the placings.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, also called RodeoHouston or abbreviated HLSR, is the largest livestock exhibitions and rodeo in the world.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ It also includes one of the richest regular-season rodeo events.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ It has been held at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, since 2003.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ It was previously held in the Astrodome.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ It is considered to be the city's \"signature event\", much like New Orleans's Mardi Gras, Dallas's Texas State Fair, San Diego's Comic-Con and New York City's New Year's Eve at Times Square.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ In 2017, attendance reached a record high of 2,611,176 people and 33,000 volunteers.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ In 2007, the rodeo was deemed \"the year of the volunteer.\"", "One Horse Gap __knowledge__ One Horse Gap is located in the Shawnee National Forest just outside the town of Herod in southern Illinois.", "One Horse Gap __knowledge__ It is managed by the United States Forest Service and is known for a short loop trail known as \"the gap trail\", which is a narrow part of the trail in the bluffs that allows only one horse to pass through at a time.", "One Horse Gap __knowledge__ The trail provides access to Big Grand Pierre Creek, One Horse Gap Lake, War Bluff, and the River to River Trail.", "One Horse Gap __knowledge__ In addition to horseback riding, One Horse Gap also offers camping, disc golf, and rock climbing.", "One Horse Gap __knowledge__ One Horse Gap is a unique geological area.", "One Horse Gap __knowledge__ During the Carboniferous period (circa 300 million years before the present), local geological conditions laid down a thick bed of gray sandstone in what is now southern Illinois.", "Western States Endurance Run __knowledge__ The Western States Endurance Run, known commonly as the Western States 100, is a 100-mile (161 km) ultramarathon that takes place on trails in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains annually on the last full weekend of June.", "Western States Endurance Run __knowledge__ The race starts at the base of the Squaw Valley ski resort and finishes at the Placer High School track in Auburn, California.", "Western States Endurance Run __knowledge__ The terrain is quite rugged, frequently with snow on the ground at the highest passes, and hot temperatures in the low valleys near the end of the course.", "Western States Endurance Run __knowledge__ Runners ascend a cumulative total of 18,090 feet (5500 m) and descend a total of 22,970 feet (7000 m) on mountain trails before reaching the finish.", "Thomas Equestrian Center __knowledge__ The Thomas Memorial Equestrian Center a program area on the Boy Scout Camp \"Camp Cedars\".", "Thomas Equestrian Center __knowledge__ The program was started by Walter Thomas in 1998 with only four horses.", "Thomas Equestrian Center __knowledge__ Today, the Thomas Memorial Equestrian Center is no longer run by Walter Thomas due to differences among the council leadership but now has a miniature horse, two miniature donkeys, two ponies, and twenty-two other horses.", "Thomas Equestrian Center __knowledge__ The Thomas Equestrian Center is located next to the COPE tower before the main entrance to Camp Cedars and has three individual areas for horses including an 85 ft diameter arena used for basic riding, along with a 175 ft long arena that is used for jumping, advanced riding, and feeding, and lastly the horses at the Thomas Equestrian Center have the paddock where the horses can get their water, eat their hay and cool off.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ Endurance riding is an equestrian sport based on controlled long-distance races.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ It is one of the international competitions recognized by the FEI.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ There are endurance rides worldwide.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ There are two main types of long-distance riding, competitive trail riding and endurance rides.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ In an endurance ride, discussed in this article, the winning horse is the first one to cross the finish line while stopping periodically to pass a veterinary check that deems the animal in good health and fit to continue.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ In the United States, most endurance rides are either 50 or long.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ Shorter rides, called Limited Distance rides (LD), are organized for new riders to the sport or young horses being trained.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Trail __knowledge__ A trail is usually a path, track or unpaved lane or road.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland path or footpath is the preferred term for a walking trail.", "Trail __knowledge__ The term is also applied, in North America, to routes along rivers, and sometimes to highways.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the US, the term was historically used for a route into or through wild territory used by emigrants (e.g.", "Trail __knowledge__ the Oregon Trail).", "Trail __knowledge__ Some trails are single use and can only be used for walking, cycling, horse riding, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing; others, as in the case of a bridleway in the UK, are multi-use, and can be used by walkers, cyclists and equestrians.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail is a historic east–west, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The eastern part of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas, and nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail was laid by fur traders and traders from about 1811 to 1840, and was only passable on foot or by horseback.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ By 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from Happy Tree Friends.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ There are 27 main characters, and some other supporting characters.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series in 2010, the creators of the show announced that there would be one more character added to Happy Tree Friends in the near future.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The candidates were a sheep/lamb named Lammy and a pig named Truffles.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The voting took place during the month of March 2010, and the winner was Lammy, who have featured in most of the latest episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Even though Truffles lost the vote, he still cameos in some episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Cuddles is a laser yellow male rabbit with pink cheeks, or a blush along with pink bunny slippers.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ Tryon is a town in Polk County, North Carolina, United States.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,646.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ Located in the escarpment of the Blue Ridge Mountains, the area is a center for outdoor pursuits, equestrian activity and fine arts.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ Tryon Peak and the Town of Tryon are named for William Tryon, Governor of North Carolina from 1765 to 1771 in recognition of his negotiation with the Cherokee for a treaty during a bloody period of conflict during the French and Indian War.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ The area now known as Tryon was originally part of the Cherokee nation of Western North Carolina.", "Tryon, North Carolina __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence dates their occupation of the site to the end of the last Ice Age more than 11,000 years ago and semi-permanent villages appeared by 8,000 B.C.", "Rapidan Camp __knowledge__ Rapidan Camp (also known at times as Camp Hoover) in Shenandoah National Park in Madison County, Virginia, was built by U.S. President Herbert Hoover and his wife Lou Henry Hoover, and served as their rustic retreat throughout Hoover's administration from 1929 to 1933.", "Rapidan Camp __knowledge__ The first family's residential cabin was known as the \"Brown House\" in contrast to their more famous residence, the White House.", "Rapidan Camp __knowledge__ Rapidan Camp was precursor of the current presidential retreat, Camp David.", "Rapidan Camp __knowledge__ In November 1928, Herbert Hoover was overwhelmingly elected as 31st President of the United States.", "Rapidan Camp __knowledge__ While all preceding Presidents came from the Eastern half of the United States, Hoover's origins were further from Washington, D.C.—he had been born in Iowa and spent much of his life in California.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ Trail riding is riding outdoors on trails, bridle paths, and forest roads, but not on roads regularly used by motorised traffic.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ A trail ride can be of any length, including a long distance, multi-day trip.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ It originated with horse riding, and in North America, the equestrian form is usually called \"trail riding,\" or, less often \"hacking.\"", "Trail riding __knowledge__ In the UK and Europe, the practice is usually called horse or pony trekking.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ The modern term also encompasses mountain biking, mixed terrain cycle-touring, and the use of motorcycles and other motorized all-terrain vehicles.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ It may be informal activities of an individual or small group, or larger events organized by a club." ] ]

[ 6, 0, 0, 84 ]

[ "Hi there. I enjoy horseback riding. Have you ever ridden a horse?", "I can understand that, it can be unnerving at first. Do you enjoy watching equestrian events like steeplechase?", "No, I'm not that good. I just enjoy riding casually and there are quite a few trails near where I live.", "I live in Tennessee but am originally from England (where we call it trekking rather than trail-riding)" ]

[ "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism" ]

[ "Parenting\nI have a 5 year old daughter that is awesome!", "yea you learn on the fly about you and what you are doing when raising a child", "emily.. she is going into kinder in a few weeks", "what like CPS ?", "yea i work in probation and cps on a daily basis .. sad stuff " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Children's use of information __knowledge__ Children's use of information is an issue in ethics and child development.", "Children's use of information __knowledge__ Information is learned from many different sources and source monitoring (see also source-monitoring error) is important in understanding how people use information and decide which information is credible.", "Children's use of information __knowledge__ Consider the example of a parent whose child has been diagnosed with hyperactivity; the parent searches the internet for information, reads books, participates in an online chat room with other parents in the same situation, and consults various medical professionals.", "Children's use of information __knowledge__ Some of these sources will be credible (contain reliable information), and others will not.", "Rachel Alexandra __knowledge__ Rachel Alexandra (foaled January 29, 2006 in Kentucky) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse and the 2009 Horse of the Year.", "Rachel Alexandra __knowledge__ When she won the 2009 Preakness Stakes, the second leg of the Triple Crown, she became the first filly to win the race in 85 years (the last filly to win was Nellie Morse, in 1924).", "Rachel Alexandra __knowledge__ She also won races in six states (KY, LA, AR, MD, NY, NJ), on eight different tracks, against fillies and Grade 1 colts and older horses, achieving a long string of consecutive wins including numerous Grade 1 stakes.", "Rachel Alexandra __knowledge__ Rachel Alexandra neared or broke multiple stakes records, track records and winning margin records throughout her career.", "List of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 housemates __knowledge__ This is a list of housemates that participated in \"\", the third special season of \"Pinoy Big Brother\".", "List of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 housemates __knowledge__ The housemates are listed below in order of their entry into the House.", "List of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 housemates __knowledge__ Their ages at the time of their entry are also indicated.", "List of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 housemates __knowledge__ Six celebrity housemates entered the Big Brother House in Vietnam on July 4, 2016.", "List of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 housemates __knowledge__ The last three housemates entered the next day; they were delayed due to immigration problems.", "List of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 housemates __knowledge__ Marc Carlos Francis \"McCoy\" De Jesus De Leon (born February 20, 1995) is a 21-year-old from Tondo.", "List of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 housemates __knowledge__ His a member of an all-male dance group, \"Hashtags\" from It's Showtime.", "List of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 housemates __knowledge__ He is competing together with Nikko as one housemate.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Cory Atkins (February 10, 1949) is an American state legislator serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ She was first elected in 1998.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Atkins is a Concord resident and a member of the Democratic Party.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Atkins went to Burdett Business School and then received her bachelor's degree from University of Massachusetts Boston.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Prior to serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Atkins worked as a partner with ADS Ventures from 1992 until 1999.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ She is an instructor at Middlesex Community College and writes a political newspaper column and travel column.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The Yea River, an inland perennial river of the Goulburn Broken catchment, part of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the lower South Eastern Highlands bioregion and Northern Country/North Central regions of the Australian state of Victoria.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The Yea River rises in the Toolangi State Forest north-east of and northwest of Mount Tanglefoot, part of the Great Dividing Range.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The river generally flows in a northerly direction, generally aligned with the Melba Highway which crosses the river in its lower reaches.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The river is joined by six tributaries including the Murrindindi River, flows east and north of the town of before reaching its confluence with the Goulburn River, near Ghin Ghin Bridge.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ Concerted cultivation is a style of parenting.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ The expression is attributed to Annette Lareau.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ This parenting style or parenting practice is marked by a parent's attempts to foster their child's talents by incorporating organized activities in their children's lives.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ This parenting style is commonly exhibited in middle class and upper class American families, and is also characterized by consciously developing language use and ability to interact with social institutions.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ Many have attributed cultural benefits to this form of child-rearing due to the style's use in higher income families, conversely affecting the social habitus of children raised in such a manner.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Attachment theory is a psychological model that attempts to describe the dynamics of long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between humans.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ However, \"attachment theory is not formulated as a general theory of relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ It addresses only a specific facet\": how human beings respond within relationships when hurt, separated from loved ones, or perceiving a threat.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Essentially all infants become attached if provided any caregiver, but there are individual differences in the quality of the relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ In infants, attachment as a motivational and behavioral system directs the child to seek proximity with a familiar caregiver when they are alarmed, with the expectation that they will receive protection and emotional support.", "Corporal punishment in the home __knowledge__ Corporal punishment in the home (also called physical punishment) refers to an act by a parent or other legal guardian causing deliberate physical pain or discomfort to a minor child in response to some undesired behavior by the child.", "Corporal punishment in the home __knowledge__ This typically takes the form of spanking or slapping the child with an open hand or striking with an implement such as a belt, slipper, cane, hairbrush or paddle, and can also include shaking, pinching, forced ingestion of substances, or forcing children to stay in uncomfortable positions.", "Corporal punishment in the home __knowledge__ Social acceptance of corporal punishment is high in countries where it remains lawful, particularly among more traditional groups.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Child neglect is a form of child abuse, and is a deficit in meeting a child's basic needs, including the failure to provide adequate health care, supervision, clothing, nutrition, housing as well as their physical, emotional, social, educational and safety needs.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Society generally believes there are necessary behaviors a caregiver must provide in order for a child to develop physically, socially, and emotionally.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Causes of neglect may result from several parenting problems including mental disorders, substance abuse, domestic violence, unemployment, unplanned pregnancy, and poverty.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Child neglect depends on how a child and society perceives the parents’ behavior; it is not how parents believe they are behaving towards their child." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Kinder Morgan __knowledge__ Kinder Morgan, Inc. is the largest energy infrastructure company in North America.", "Kinder Morgan __knowledge__ The company specializes in owning and controlling oil and gas pipelines and terminals.", "Kinder Morgan __knowledge__ Kinder Morgan owns an interest in or operates approximately 84,000 miles of pipelines and owns about 180 terminals.", "Kinder Morgan __knowledge__ Their pipelines transport natural gas, refined petroleum products, crude oil, carbon dioxide and more.", "Kinder Morgan __knowledge__ They also store or handle a variety of products and materials at their terminals such as gasoline, jet fuel, ethanol, coal, petroleum coke and steel.", "Kinder Morgan __knowledge__ The company has approximately 69,000 miles of natural gas pipelines and moves about 38 percent of the natural gas consumed in the United States.", "Peter Kinder __knowledge__ Peter Dickson Kinder (born May 12, 1954) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 46th Lieutenant Governor of Missouri from 2005 to 2017.", "Peter Kinder __knowledge__ He was appointed as a co-chairman of the Delta Regional Authority in August 2017.", "Peter Kinder __knowledge__ Kinder was first elected lieutenant governor in 2004, succeeding Joe Maxwell, and was re-elected in 2008 at the same time Democrat Jay Nixon was elected Governor.", "Peter Kinder __knowledge__ Kinder was the only Republican in Missouri to win statewide office in 2008, as all other Republicans running for each of the other statewide offices suffered defeat.", "Peter Kinder __knowledge__ Despite the generally poor election year for Republicans, Kinder carried 109 of Missouri's 114 counties.", "Kinder Surprise __knowledge__ Kinder Surprise, also known as a Kinder Egg or, in the original Italian, Kinder Sorpresa (\"sorpresa\" being Italian for \"surprise\"), is a candy manufactured by Italian company Ferrero.", "Kinder Surprise __knowledge__ It was invented by William Salice (1933–2016) and is one of several candies sold under the Kinder Chocolate brand.", "Kinder Surprise __knowledge__ Intended for children, it is also popular with adult collectors and has the form of a chocolate egg containing a small toy, usually requiring assembly.", "Kinder Surprise __knowledge__ Each Kinder Surprise egg consists of a chocolate shell, a plastic container, the contents of said container, and an external foil wrap.", "Kinder Surprise __knowledge__ The chocolate shell is shaped like a chicken's egg.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily Gilmore is a fictional character who appears in the American comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\" (2000 – 2007) and its revival \"\" (2016) as the matriarch of the eponymous family.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Kelly Bishop, the character was created by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino in order to add a tragic element to the show's light-hearted nature.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily has had a complicated relationship with her daughter Lorelai ever since the character runs away at age 17 to raise her newborn daughter Rory on her own.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ They remain estranged for several years until Lorelai asks her parents to help pay for Rory's schooling, to which Emily agrees on the condition that her daughter and granddaughter visit them for dinner every Friday evening.", "Kaiping Tramway and Imperial Railways of North China __knowledge__ Often described as China’s first railway, the first standard gauge railway to be built and survive in China was the Kaiping (開平) colliery tramway located at Tongshan in Hebei province.", "Kaiping Tramway and Imperial Railways of North China __knowledge__ This was not, however, truly the first railway in China.", "Kaiping Tramway and Imperial Railways of North China __knowledge__ An earlier attempt to introduce railways had been made in 1876 when the short Shanghai to Wusong narrow gauge line known as the \"Woosung Road Company\" was built but then pulled up within less than two years because of Chinese government opposition.", "Kaiping Tramway and Imperial Railways of North China __knowledge__ Cantonese merchant Tong King-sing (唐景星 a.k.a.", "Kaiping Tramway and Imperial Railways of North China __knowledge__ Tang Ting-shu 唐廷樞)was a Hong Kong Government interpreter who later became Jardine Matheson & Company’s head comprador at Shanghai.", "Camp Kinder Ring __knowledge__ Camp Kinder Ring is a Jewish Summer camp located in Hopewell Junction, New York.", "Camp Kinder Ring __knowledge__ It is run by The Workmen's Circle.", "Camp Kinder Ring __knowledge__ Kinder Ring was founded in 1927 by The Workmen's Circle/Arbeter Ring.", "Camp Kinder Ring __knowledge__ Camp Kinder Ring has many families who have been attending for up to four generations.", "Camp Kinder Ring __knowledge__ The camp offers campers a wide array of activities such as sports, arts and crafts, and lake activities while also educating them about Jewish traditions and culture.", "Camp Kinder Ring __knowledge__ Many campers and staff return year after year due to the special attachment they feel with the camp, the greatest example being waterfront head Joel \"The Hawk\" Hochheiser, who worked at the camp for forty-nine years.", "Kinder, Louisiana __knowledge__ Kinder is a small town in Allen Parish, Louisiana, United States.", "Kinder, Louisiana __knowledge__ The population was 2,477 at the 2010 census.", "Kinder, Louisiana __knowledge__ The Lieutenant Douglas B. Fournet Memorial Park, an American Legion enterprise, was dedicated on June 11, 1988, in Kinder to remember those who died in military service to the nation.", "Kinder, Louisiana __knowledge__ Kinder was the birthplace of the late Mayor J. Rayburn Bertrand of Lafayette, who served from 1960 to 1972 and presided over the near doubling of the municipal population.", "Kinder, Louisiana __knowledge__ Kinder is home to Coushatta Casino Resort, the largest casino resort in Louisiana.", "Kinder, Louisiana __knowledge__ The resort includes Koasati Pines, an 18-hole par 72 championship layout golf course.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "LGBT parenting __knowledge__ LGBT parenting refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people raising one or more children as parents or foster care parents.", "LGBT parenting __knowledge__ This includes: children raised by same-sex couples (same-sex parenting), children raised by single LGBT parents, and children raised by an opposite-sex couple where at least one partner is LGBT.", "LGBT parenting __knowledge__ LGBT people can become parents through various means including current or former relationships, coparenting, adoption, donor insemination, and surrogacy.", "LGBT parenting __knowledge__ Scientific research consistently shows that gay and lesbian parents are as fit and capable as heterosexual parents, and their children are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as those reared by heterosexual parents.", "Shared parenting __knowledge__ Shared parenting refers to a collaborative arrangement in child custody or divorce determinations in which both parents have the right and responsibility of being involved in the raising of the child(ren).", "Shared parenting __knowledge__ The term is often used as a synonym for joint physical custody, but the exact definitions vary, with different jurisdictions defining it in different ways, and different sources using the term in different ways.", "Shared parenting __knowledge__ A regime of shared parenting is based on the idea that parental responsibilities should be shared by both the parents.", "Shared parenting __knowledge__ It is typically a legal mechanism applied in cases of divorce, separation or when parents do not live together; in contrast, a Shared Earning/Shared Parenting Marriage is a marriage where the partners choose at the outset of the marriage (and prior to conceiving children) to share the work of child-raising, earning money, house chores and recreation time in nearly equal fashion across all four domains.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices.", "Parent __knowledge__ A parent is a caregiver of the offspring in their own species.", "Parent __knowledge__ In humans, a parent is the caretaker of a child (where \"child\" refers to offspring, not necessarily age).", "Parent __knowledge__ A \"biological parent\" is a person whose gamete resulted in a child, a male through the sperm, and a female through the ovum.", "Parent __knowledge__ Parents are first-degree relatives and have 50% genetic meet.", "Parent __knowledge__ A female can also become a parent through surrogacy.", "Parent __knowledge__ Some parents may be adoptive parents, who nurture and raise an offspring, but are not actually biologically related to the child.", "Parent __knowledge__ Orphans without adoptive parents can be raised by their grandparents or other family members.", "Single parent __knowledge__ A single parent is a parent that parents alone without the other parent's support, meaning this particular parent is the only parent to the child, responsible for all financial, material, and emotional needs.", "Single parent __knowledge__ It means there is an absence of the other parent as opposed to a co-parent, meaning that the parent is not the only parent regardless of whether or not they are a couple.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Of course, this definition is loosely true.", "Single parent __knowledge__ There is no true definition of what \"single parent\" means and is more based on opinions.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Sometimes, one finds themselves in a single-parent family structure that has arisen due to death of the partner, intentional artificial insemination, or unplanned pregnancy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Crown Prosecution Service __knowledge__ The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is the principal public prosecuting agency for conducting criminal prosecutions in England and Wales.", "Crown Prosecution Service __knowledge__ It is headed by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).", "Crown Prosecution Service __knowledge__ The main responsibilities of CPS are to provide legal advice to the police and other investigative agencies during the course of criminal investigations, to decide whether a suspect should face criminal charges following an investigation and to conduct prosecutions both in the magistrates' courts and the Crown Court.", "Crown Prosecution Service __knowledge__ The Attorney General for England and Wales superintends the CPS's work and answers for it in Parliament, although the Attorney has no influence over the conduct of prosecutions, except when national security is an issue or for a small number of offences that require the Attorney’s permission to prosecute.", "Fuzion __knowledge__ Fuzion is a generic role-playing game system created by the collaboration of R. Talsorian Games and Hero Games.", "Fuzion __knowledge__ The rights to Fuzion are jointly held by Mike Pondsmith of R. Talsorian Games, along with Steve Peterson and Ray Greer of Hero Games.", "Fuzion __knowledge__ \"Fuzion\" is a combination of the Interlock System, (used in games like \"Mekton\" and \"Cyberpunk 2020\"), and the HERO system (used in \"Champions\", \"Justice, Inc.\", \"Star Hero\", etc.).", "Fuzion __knowledge__ \"Fuzion\" is an adaptable system which can be played in any genre and setting imaginable.", "Fuzion __knowledge__ \"Fuzion\" is noted for its anime-genre support, customizable rules flexibility, and being one of the first generic game systems to be released for free over the internet.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ In functional programming, continuation-passing style (CPS) is a style of programming in which control is passed explicitly in the form of a continuation.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ This is contrasted with direct style, which is the usual style of programming.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ Gerald Jay Sussman and Guy L. Steele, Jr. coined the phrase in AI Memo 349 (1975), which sets out the first version of the Scheme programming language.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ John C. Reynolds gives a detailed account of the numerous discoveries of continuations.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ A function written in continuation-passing style takes an extra argument: an explicit \"continuation\", i.e.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ a function of one argument.", "Chicago Public Schools __knowledge__ Chicago Public Schools (CPS), officially classified as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons, in Chicago, Illinois, is the fourth largest school district in the U.S. (list of the largest school districts in the United States by enrollment).", "Chicago Public Schools __knowledge__ For the 2014–2015 school year, CPS reported overseeing 660 schools, including 484 elementary schools and 176 high schools; of which 517 were district-run, 130 were charter schools, 11 were contract schools and 2 were SAFE schools.", "Chicago Public Schools __knowledge__ The district serves over 396,000 students.", "Chicago Public Schools __knowledge__ Students attend a particular school based on their area of residence, except for charter schools and selective enrollment schools.", "Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties __knowledge__ The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties: The Canadian Drug Reference for Health Professionals, more commonly known by its abbreviation \"CPS\", is a reference book that contains drug monographs and numerous features which help healthcare professionals prescribe and use drugs safely and appropriately.", "Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties __knowledge__ A print version of \"CPS\" is released annually by the Canadian Pharmacists Association (CPhA).", "Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties __knowledge__ The CPhA is a nonprofit organization that advocates for pharmacists in Canada.", "Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties __knowledge__ An external Editorial Advisory Committee of Canadian physicians and pharmacists advises CPhA about the strategic direction of their publications including \"CPS\".", "Civilian Public Service __knowledge__ The Civilian Public Service (CPS) was a program of the United States government that provided conscientious objectors with an alternative to military service during World War II.", "Civilian Public Service __knowledge__ From 1941 to 1947, nearly 12,000 draftees, willing to serve their country in some capacity but unwilling to perform any type of military service, accepted assignments in \"work of national importance\" in 152 CPS camps throughout the United States and Puerto Rico.", "Civilian Public Service __knowledge__ Draftees from the historic peace churches and other faiths worked in areas such as soil conservation, forestry, fire fighting, agriculture, under the supervision of such agencies as the U.S. Forest Service, the Soil Conservation Service, and the National Park Service.", "Compulsiv Records __knowledge__ Compulsiv Records was a record label that operated out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Compulsiv Records __knowledge__ The label was founded by Bryan Dilworth and James Payne.", "Compulsiv Records __knowledge__ Dilworth found and signed the talent.", "Compulsiv Records __knowledge__ Dilworth eventually played in The Lilys and The Gelcaps, became the road manager for Rocket from the Crypt, the booker at Electric Factory Concerts, The Khyber, Upstage, and Upstairs at Nick's, and worked for Clear Channel).", "Compulsiv Records __knowledge__ In 1995 Dilworth married Kristin Thomson of Simple Machines, another noteworthy indie rock label.", "Compulsiv Records __knowledge__ Payne provided all of the initial funding and data processing services for the company.", "Compulsiv Records __knowledge__ He went on to form the first ISP in northwestern Connecticut (Lakeville Internet) in 1995 before being hired by Oracle Corporation.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Society __knowledge__ A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.", "Society __knowledge__ Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent of members.", "Society __knowledge__ In the social sciences, a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups.", "Society __knowledge__ Insofar as it is collaborative, a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would not otherwise be possible on an individual basis; both individual and social (common) benefits can thus be distinguished, or in many cases found to overlap.", "Gender and security sector reform __knowledge__ Gender and security sector reform is an emerging subfield of security sector reform (SSR) that is both practical and conceptual.", "Gender and security sector reform __knowledge__ SSR generally is a comprehensive framework within which all or part of a state's security sector undergoes a process of transformation in order to bring it more into line with principles such as democratic oversight, good governance and the rule of law.", "Gender and security sector reform __knowledge__ The overall objectives of SSR programmes – as defined both by the state in question and any international donors supporting the process – tend to include improving service delivery, enhancing local ownership and ensuring the sustainability of security sector institutions.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Maternal deprivation __knowledge__ The term maternal deprivation is a catch-phrase summarising the early work of psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, John Bowlby on the effects of separating infants and young children from their mother (or mother substitute) although the effect of loss of the mother on the developing child had been considered earlier by Freud and other theorists.", "Maternal deprivation __knowledge__ Bowlby's work on delinquent and affectionless children and the effects of hospital and institutional care led to his being commissioned to write the World Health Organisation's report on the mental health of homeless children in post-war Europe whilst he was head of the Department for Children and Parents at the Tavistock Clinic in London after World War II.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ Concerted cultivation is a style of parenting.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ The expression is attributed to Annette Lareau.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ This parenting style or parenting practice is marked by a parent's attempts to foster their child's talents by incorporating organized activities in their children's lives.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ This parenting style is commonly exhibited in middle class and upper class American families, and is also characterized by consciously developing language use and ability to interact with social institutions.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ Many have attributed cultural benefits to this form of child-rearing due to the style's use in higher income families, conversely affecting the social habitus of children raised in such a manner." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Crown Prosecution Service __knowledge__ The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is the principal public prosecuting agency for conducting criminal prosecutions in England and Wales.", "Crown Prosecution Service __knowledge__ It is headed by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).", "Crown Prosecution Service __knowledge__ The main responsibilities of CPS are to provide legal advice to the police and other investigative agencies during the course of criminal investigations, to decide whether a suspect should face criminal charges following an investigation and to conduct prosecutions both in the magistrates' courts and the Crown Court.", "Crown Prosecution Service __knowledge__ The Attorney General for England and Wales superintends the CPS's work and answers for it in Parliament, although the Attorney has no influence over the conduct of prosecutions, except when national security is an issue or for a small number of offences that require the Attorney’s permission to prosecute.", "Civilian Public Service __knowledge__ The Civilian Public Service (CPS) was a program of the United States government that provided conscientious objectors with an alternative to military service during World War II.", "Civilian Public Service __knowledge__ From 1941 to 1947, nearly 12,000 draftees, willing to serve their country in some capacity but unwilling to perform any type of military service, accepted assignments in \"work of national importance\" in 152 CPS camps throughout the United States and Puerto Rico.", "Civilian Public Service __knowledge__ Draftees from the historic peace churches and other faiths worked in areas such as soil conservation, forestry, fire fighting, agriculture, under the supervision of such agencies as the U.S. Forest Service, the Soil Conservation Service, and the National Park Service.", "Chicago Public Schools __knowledge__ Chicago Public Schools (CPS), officially classified as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons, in Chicago, Illinois, is the fourth largest school district in the U.S. (list of the largest school districts in the United States by enrollment).", "Chicago Public Schools __knowledge__ For the 2014–2015 school year, CPS reported overseeing 660 schools, including 484 elementary schools and 176 high schools; of which 517 were district-run, 130 were charter schools, 11 were contract schools and 2 were SAFE schools.", "Chicago Public Schools __knowledge__ The district serves over 396,000 students.", "Chicago Public Schools __knowledge__ Students attend a particular school based on their area of residence, except for charter schools and selective enrollment schools.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ In functional programming, continuation-passing style (CPS) is a style of programming in which control is passed explicitly in the form of a continuation.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ This is contrasted with direct style, which is the usual style of programming.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ Gerald Jay Sussman and Guy L. Steele, Jr. coined the phrase in AI Memo 349 (1975), which sets out the first version of the Scheme programming language.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ John C. Reynolds gives a detailed account of the numerous discoveries of continuations.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ A function written in continuation-passing style takes an extra argument: an explicit \"continuation\", i.e.", "Continuation-passing style __knowledge__ a function of one argument.", "Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties __knowledge__ The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties: The Canadian Drug Reference for Health Professionals, more commonly known by its abbreviation \"CPS\", is a reference book that contains drug monographs and numerous features which help healthcare professionals prescribe and use drugs safely and appropriately.", "Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties __knowledge__ A print version of \"CPS\" is released annually by the Canadian Pharmacists Association (CPhA).", "Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties __knowledge__ The CPhA is a nonprofit organization that advocates for pharmacists in Canada.", "Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties __knowledge__ An external Editorial Advisory Committee of Canadian physicians and pharmacists advises CPhA about the strategic direction of their publications including \"CPS\".", "Child Protective Services __knowledge__ Child Protective Services (CPS) is the name of a governmental agency in many states of the United States responsible for providing child protection, which includes responding to reports of child abuse or neglect.", "Child Protective Services __knowledge__ Some states use other names, often attempting to reflect more family-centered (as opposed to child-centered) practices, such as \"Department of Children & Family Services\" (DCFS).", "Child Protective Services __knowledge__ CPS is also known by the name of \"Department of Social Services\" (DSS) or simply \"Social Services.\"", "Child Protective Services __knowledge__ List of Other Names and Acronyms for CPS: CPS/DCF is a department under a state's Health and Human Services organization.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption can be done by a couple or an individual person but children have to be 14 years younger and the adoptive parents can not have been legally incapacitated.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ Parental care refers to the level of investment provided by the mother and the father to ensure development and survival of their offspring.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ In most birds, parents invest profoundly in their offspring as a mutual effort, making a majority of them socially monogamous for the duration of the breeding season.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ This happens regardless of whether there is a paternal uncertainty.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ Birds originally branched from theropod dinosaurs and underwent body miniaturization over a 50 million year period.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ Changes in anatomy are rearrangement of body mass, adults retain juvenile traits including large brain mass and eyes despite a smaller snout (paedomorphism), and aerial abilities.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik \"aturaq\" \"aturak\" \"aturat\" , \"aklu\", \"akluq\", \"un’u\" ; also, \"piluguk\" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, \"aklu\", \"cangssagar\", \"un’u\" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ The traditional clothing system developed and used by the Eskimo peoples is the most effective cold weather clothing developed to date.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik women made clothes and footwear from animal skins (especially hide and fur of marine and land mammals for fur clothing, sometimes birds, also fish), sewn together using needles made from animal bones, walrus ivory, and bird bones such as front part of a crane's foot and threads made from other animal products, such as sinew.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans—children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to take care of them.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ Biological parents, and sometimes biological grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these, no named godparent, or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are one way of providing for their care, housing and education.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ It is frequently used to describe institutions abroad, where it is a more accurate term, since the word orphan has a different definition in international adoption.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ The Yup'ik or Yupiaq (sg & pl) and Yupiit or Yupiat (pl), also Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Central Yup'ik, Alaskan Yup'ik (own name \"Yup'ik\" \"Yupiik\" \"Yupiit\" ), are an Eskimo people of western and southwestern Alaska ranging from southern Norton Sound southwards along the coast of the Bering Sea on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (including living on Nelson and Nunivak Islands) and along the northern coast of Bristol Bay as far east as Nushagak Bay and the northern Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ They are also known as Cup'ik by the Chevak Cup'ik dialect-speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect-speaking Eskimo of Nunivak Island.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors that are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ If an organism has a trait that provides a selective advantage (i.e., has adaptive significance) in its environment, then natural selection favors it.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Adaptive significance refers to the expression of a trait that affects fitness, measured by an individual's reproductive success." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "That is really cool. Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social", "What is her name? Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child", "I have heard that Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing", "Yup, In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from them", " Others may be adopted but it is still sad" ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting" ]

[ "Rafael Nadal\nwho is rafael nadal?", "oh wow thats cool.", "Oh wow is he good?", "dang thats so cool.", "thats a poggers name" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2010, he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He is the second male player, after Andre Agassi, to complete the singles Career Golden Slam.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2011, Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, Balearic Islands, Spain.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ His father, Sebastián Nadal, is a businessman who owns an insurance company and a glass and window company, Vidres Mallorca, and manages his own restaurant, Sa Punta.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No.", "2010 ATP World Tour Finals __knowledge__ The 2010 ATP World Tour Finals (also known as the 2010 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals for sponsorship reasons) was held at the O Arena in London, United Kingdom between 21 and 28 November 2010.", "2010 ATP World Tour Finals __knowledge__ Nikolay Davydenko was the defending champion, but failed to qualify this year.", "2010 ATP World Tour Finals __knowledge__ The top eight players (or teams) with the most countable points accumulated in Grand Slam, ATP World Tour and Davis Cup tournaments during the year qualify for the 2010 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals.", "2010 ATP World Tour Finals __knowledge__ Countable points include points earned in 2010, plus points earned at the 2009 Davis Cup final and the late-season 2009 Challengers played after the 2009 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Sir Andrew Barron Murray, (born 15 May 1987) is a British professional tennis player from Scotland currently ranked world no.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ 19 in men's singles.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray represents Great Britain in his sporting activities and is a three-time Grand Slam tournament winner, two-time Olympic champion, Davis Cup champion and the winner of the 2016 ATP World Tour Finals.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the 2012 US Open final, becoming the first British player since 1977, and the first British man since 1936, to win a Grand Slam singles tournament.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray is also the first British man to win more than one Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1935.", "David Ferrer __knowledge__ David Ferrer Ern (; ; born 2 April 1982) is a Spanish professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "David Ferrer __knowledge__ 38 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "David Ferrer __knowledge__ A three-time Davis Cup champion with Spain, Ferrer has won tournaments at all levels (ATP 250, ATP 500, Masters 1000) except at a Grand Slam, and currently has the 7th highest career prize money earnings of all time.", "David Ferrer __knowledge__ Ferrer also holds the distinction of winning the most matches on the ATP tour without having won a Grand Slam tournament, passing Brian Gottfried who held this record for 32 years.", "David Ferrer __knowledge__ David Ferrer turned professional in 2000 and was in the first years of his career known as a clay-court specialist, having won half of his titles on the surface.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The Federer–Nadal rivalry is between two professional tennis players, Roger Federer of Switzerland and Rafael Nadal of Spain.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They are engaged in a storied rivalry, which many consider to be the greatest in tennis history.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They have played 38 times, most recently in the final of the 2017 Shanghai Masters and Nadal leads their fourteen-year-old rivalry with an overall record of 23–15 (9–3 in majors).", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ Of their 38 matches, 20 have been on hard court, 15 have been on clay, and three have been on grass.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The results of their matches are somewhat polarized by playing surface, with Nadal leading Federer on clay (13–2), but with Federer having an edge on both hard courts (11–9) and grass (2–1).", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ The Djokovic–Federer rivalry is a tennis rivalry between two professional tennis players, Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ They have faced each other 45 times with Djokovic leading 23–22.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ This includes a record 15 Grand Slam matches, four of which were finals, plus a record ten semifinals.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ Both players have beaten the other in each of the four Grand Slam tournaments.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ Federer dominated during their early slam matches, but Djokovic now has a 9–6 lead in Grand Slam matches, including eight wins in the last ten meetings.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ A notable aspect of the rivalry is their ability to beat each other on any given day, including Grand Slam play, making it one of the most competitive and evenly matched rivalries in the Open Era." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2010, he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He is the second male player, after Andre Agassi, to complete the singles Career Golden Slam.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2011, Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, Balearic Islands, Spain.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ His father, Sebastián Nadal, is a businessman who owns an insurance company and a glass and window company, Vidres Mallorca, and manages his own restaurant, Sa Punta.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Sir Andrew Barron Murray, (born 15 May 1987) is a British professional tennis player from Scotland currently ranked world no.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ 19 in men's singles.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray represents Great Britain in his sporting activities and is a three-time Grand Slam tournament winner, two-time Olympic champion, Davis Cup champion and the winner of the 2016 ATP World Tour Finals.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the 2012 US Open final, becoming the first British player since 1977, and the first British man since 1936, to win a Grand Slam singles tournament.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray is also the first British man to win more than one Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1935.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ Grigor Dimitrov (, ; born 16 May 1991) is a Bulgarian professional tennis player.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ His career-high ATP singles ranking is world No.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ 3, which he achieved in November 2017 after winning the 2017 ATP Finals.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ Dimitrov is the most successful Bulgarian male tennis player to date, both in terms of ranking reached— he is the only Bulgarian tennis player ever to be ranked inside the top 10 ATP Singles—and prize money won, being the only male Bulgarian player to reach US$1m and later $10m.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ Dimitrov is also the first (and only) Bulgarian male tennis player to win an ATP title in singles (after he won in October 2013 at Stockholm) and reach a final in doubles (in 2011) as well as the only Bulgarian male player to reach the third round or better at a Grand Slam tournament.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Novak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In majors, Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Roger Federer (; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 2 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Federer has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles, the most in history for a male player and has held the world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for 302 weeks, including 237 consecutive weeks.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ After turning professional in 1998, he was continuously ranked in the top ten from October 2002 to November 2016.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ He re-entered the top ten following his victory at the 2017 Australian Open.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ In majors, Federer has won a record eight Wimbledon titles, a joint record six Australian Open titles, a record five consecutive US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The Federer–Nadal rivalry is between two professional tennis players, Roger Federer of Switzerland and Rafael Nadal of Spain.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They are engaged in a storied rivalry, which many consider to be the greatest in tennis history.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They have played 38 times, most recently in the final of the 2017 Shanghai Masters and Nadal leads their fourteen-year-old rivalry with an overall record of 23–15 (9–3 in majors).", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ Of their 38 matches, 20 have been on hard court, 15 have been on clay, and three have been on grass.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The results of their matches are somewhat polarized by playing surface, with Nadal leading Federer on clay (13–2), but with Federer having an edge on both hard courts (11–9) and grass (2–1)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2010, he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He is the second male player, after Andre Agassi, to complete the singles Career Golden Slam.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2011, Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, Balearic Islands, Spain.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ His father, Sebastián Nadal, is a businessman who owns an insurance company and a glass and window company, Vidres Mallorca, and manages his own restaurant, Sa Punta.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Ramón Emeterio Betances __knowledge__ Ramón Emeterio Betances y Alacán (April 8, 1827 – September 16, 1898) was a Puerto Rican nationalist.", "Ramón Emeterio Betances __knowledge__ He was the primary instigator of the Grito de Lares revolution and is considered to be the father of the Puerto Rican independence movement.", "Ramón Emeterio Betances __knowledge__ Since the \"Grito\" galvanized a burgeoning nationalist movement among Puerto Ricans, Betances is also considered \"\"El Padre de la Patria\"\" (Father of the [Puerto Rican] Nation).", "Ramón Emeterio Betances __knowledge__ Because of his charitable deeds for people in need, he also became known as \"El Padre de los Pobres\" (\"The Father of the Poor\").", "Ramón Emeterio Betances __knowledge__ Betances was also a medical doctor and surgeon in Puerto Rico, and one of its first social hygienists.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "History of Spanish photojournalism __knowledge__ The history of Spanish photojournalism, developed since the beginning of twentieth century, was closely tied to the cultural, historical and political discourse of the time.", "History of Spanish photojournalism __knowledge__ The Spanish colonisation of Morocco (1912–1956) shaped the photojournalist practices such that, a plethora of photographs were focusing on reaffirming Spain's Islamic past and portraying the ethnic, social and cultural ties of Spain to North Africa.", "History of Spanish photojournalism __knowledge__ Technical advancements in photography led to a rising interest in photography as publishers began complementing their texts with photographs.", "History of Spanish photojournalism __knowledge__ During the Civil War (1936–1939) photojournalism served as an objective transcription of the realities of the conflict between the Republican and Nationalist forces and influenced public opinion abroad.", "Bartolomé de las Casas __knowledge__ Bartolomé de las Casas (;  1484 – 18 July 1566) was a 16th-century Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar.", "Bartolomé de las Casas __knowledge__ He became the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed \"Protector of the Indians\".", "Bartolomé de las Casas __knowledge__ His extensive writings, the most famous being \"A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies\" and \"Historia de Las Indias\", chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies and focus particularly on the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.", "Bartolomé de las Casas __knowledge__ Arriving as one of the first European settlers in the Americas, he initially participated in, but eventually felt compelled to oppose the atrocities committed against the Native Americans by the Spanish colonists.", "Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos __knowledge__ The Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos are located in Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia.", "Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos __knowledge__ Six of these former missions (all now secular municipalities) collectively were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990.", "Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos __knowledge__ Distinguished by a unique fusion of European and Amerindian cultural influences, the missions were founded as reductions or \"reducciones de indios\" by Jesuits in the 17th and 18th centuries to convert local tribes to Christianity.", "Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos __knowledge__ The interior region bordering Spanish and Portuguese territories in South America was largely unexplored at the end of the 17th century.", "Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos __knowledge__ Dispatched by the Spanish Crown, Jesuits explored and founded eleven settlements in 76 years in the remote Chiquitania – then known as Chiquitos – on the frontier of Spanish America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2010, he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He is the second male player, after Andre Agassi, to complete the singles Career Golden Slam.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2011, Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, Balearic Islands, Spain.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ His father, Sebastián Nadal, is a businessman who owns an insurance company and a glass and window company, Vidres Mallorca, and manages his own restaurant, Sa Punta.", "Dang Fong __knowledge__ Dang Fong 鄧芳 (1879–1955), was a disciple of the Chinese Kung Fu folk hero Wong Fei Hung.", "Dang Fong __knowledge__ It is said that his rigid ways prompted him to follow and document the Hung Ga Kuen teachings of Wong Fei Hung to the letter, thus he was referred to as Old Square Mind for his stubbornness to tradition.", "Dang Fong __knowledge__ This statement cannot be confirmed, but it can be confirmed that he was known as the Tiger of Sai Gwan.", "Dang Fong __knowledge__ Dang Fong was born in Saam Sui, of Guangdung Province in China.", "Dang Fong __knowledge__ His father Dang Biu was a famous practitioner of Tit Da and Chinese Kung Fu, and had a deep knowledge of Maau Saan, Chinese Witchcraft.", "Dang Fong __knowledge__ Dang Biu had killed people in combat during his younger years and thus refused to teach his son martial arts.", "Madea's Tough Love __knowledge__ Tyler Perry's Madea's Tough Love is a 2015 direct-to-video animated comedy film directed by Frank Marino.", "Madea's Tough Love __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Matt Fleckenstein with additional screenplay material by Ben Gluck.", "Madea's Tough Love __knowledge__ The film stars Tyler Perry as the voice of Madea, and was produced by Perry, Matt Moore & Ozzie Areu.", "Madea's Tough Love __knowledge__ It was released on January 20, 2015.", "Madea's Tough Love __knowledge__ Madea (Tyler Perry) is watching TV while eating her breakfast.", "Madea's Tough Love __knowledge__ She doesn't like what she is watching so she flips to another channel.", "Madea's Tough Love __knowledge__ While she is watching the show, she wishes that she was up in the show she was watching due to the way the kids in the show are acting.", "Ploy __knowledge__ Ploy () is a 2007 Thai film written and directed by Pen-Ek Ratanaruang.", "Ploy __knowledge__ The film premiered during the Directors' Fortnight at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival.", "Ploy __knowledge__ The drama film stars Thai actress Lalita Panyopas in a story of a middle-aged married couple who question their relationship after seven years.", "Ploy __knowledge__ Ananda Everingham is featured in a supporting role as a bartender.", "Ploy __knowledge__ The film contained sex scenes that were shown at Cannes, but due to censorship concerns had to be re-edited by the director so the film could be shown in cinemas in Thailand when it opened there on June 7, 2007.", "Ploy __knowledge__ The uncensored version of the film was shown in Thailand at the 2007 Bangkok International Film Festival.", "Han Dang __knowledge__ Han Dang (died 227), courtesy name Yigong, was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty and the early Three Kingdoms period.", "Han Dang __knowledge__ He previously served under Sun Quan's predecessors – Sun Jian (Sun Quan's father) and Sun Ce (Sun Quan's elder brother).", "Han Dang __knowledge__ Han Dang was from Lingzhi County (令支縣), Liaoxi Commandery (遼西郡), which is in present-day Qian'an, Hebei.", "Han Dang __knowledge__ He possessed great physical strength and was highly skilled in archery and horse riding.", "Han Dang __knowledge__ The warlord Sun Jian recognised his abilities and recruited him.", "Han Dang __knowledge__ Han Dang accompanied Sun Jian on his military exploits throughout the 180s until 191, from the Yellow Turban Rebellion to the campaign against Dong Zhuo.", "Public records in China __knowledge__ Dang'an () is a Chinese word meaning \"record\".", "Public records in China __knowledge__ Used in the political and administrative context, it means an archival system that records the \"performance and attitudes\" of citizens of mainland China.", "Public records in China __knowledge__ Together with the hukou, it has been an important part of the government's efforts to maintain control of its people.", "Public records in China __knowledge__ Majority of the records are kept by the local archive bureaus, some by the State Archives Administration of China at the national level.", "Public records in China __knowledge__ The Dang'an includes personal information such as physical characteristics, employment record, photograph, etc.", "Public records in China __knowledge__ However, it also contains many other documents that would be considered private in some other cultures.", "Dang Bireley's and Young Gangsters __knowledge__ Dang Bireley's and Young Gangsters (Thai: 2499 อันธพาลครองเมือง or \"2499 Antapan Krong Muang\"; literally: \"2499 Gangsters Rule the City\") is a 1997 crime drama film about young Thai gangsters in 1950s Thailand.", "Dang Bireley's and Young Gangsters __knowledge__ Featuring John Woo-style heroic bloodshed, it was the debut film from director Nonzee Nimibutr and was the first screenplay by director and screenwriter Wisit Sasanatieng.", "Dang Bireley's and Young Gangsters __knowledge__ The 2499 in the Thai title refers to the year in the Buddhist calendar when the story starts, corresponding to the Gregorian year 1956.", "Dang Bireley's and Young Gangsters __knowledge__ Dang, the son of a prostitute, growing up in 1950s Thailand, compensates for his inferiority complex by boosting up his ego.", "André Dang Van Nha __knowledge__ André Dang Van Nha (born Voh, New Caledonia, 27 July 1936) is a New Caledonian mining magnate, of Vietnamese origin and French/Australian/Vietnamese citizenship.", "André Dang Van Nha __knowledge__ He is best known for brokering a series of remarkable mining deals that also supported the Kanak cause for independence from France.", "André Dang Van Nha __knowledge__ André Dang was born in poverty to Nguyen Thi Binh, a Vietnamese woman who had left behind her three children in Phhuc Am in French Indochina, and was recruited as an indentured labourer by a mining company in 1935 to work on New Caledonia's nickel mines in and around the Koniambo complex, close to the town of Voh in the country's north.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No.", "Cal State Fullerton Titans tennis __knowledge__ The Cal State Fullerton Titans Women's Tennis Team compete's at the NCAA Division I Collegiate level and is a member of the Big West Conference.", "Cal State Fullerton Titans tennis __knowledge__ All home collegiate tennis matches are played at the California State University, Fullerton Campus Courts in Fullerton, Ca..", "Cal State Fullerton Titans tennis __knowledge__ Check fullertontitans.com/sports/w-tennis/index for schedule of school matches and times.", "Cal State Fullerton Titans tennis __knowledge__ Dr. Jean A. Barrett,(Emeritus) started at Orange State College (known now as Cal State Fullerton) in 1963 she was a Professor of Health, Physical Education and Recreation at Fullerton getting her degree's a B.S.", "Cal State Fullerton Titans tennis __knowledge__ from Cortland State Teachers College in 1952 and an Ed.M.", "San Diego Aviators __knowledge__ The San Diego Aviators are a World TeamTennis (WTT) team that plays at the Omni La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California in the United States of America.", "San Diego Aviators __knowledge__ The team is the successor to two WTT franchises.", "San Diego Aviators __knowledge__ The first was created in 1995, as the New York OTBzz, later renamed the Schenectady County Electrics and then the New York Buzz.", "San Diego Aviators __knowledge__ The second was created in 2000, as the New York Hamptons, later renamed the New York Sportimes.", "San Diego Aviators __knowledge__ The Aviators, founded in 1995, are the oldest continuously operating franchise in WTT.", "San Diego Aviators __knowledge__ The team has won the King Trophy as WTT champions three times: once playing as the New York Sportimes in 2005, once as the New York Buzz in 2008, and once as the San Diego Aviators in 2016.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ Venus Ebony Starr Williams (born June 17, 1980) is an American professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 8 in the WTA singles rankings.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ She is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women's tennis and, along with younger sister Serena Williams, is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women's professional tennis tour.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ Williams has been ranked world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 1 by the Women's Tennis Association on three occasions, for a total of 11 weeks.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ She first became the world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 1 on February 25, 2002, the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Novak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In majors, Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Roger Federer (; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 2 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Federer has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles, the most in history for a male player and has held the world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for 302 weeks, including 237 consecutive weeks.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ After turning professional in 1998, he was continuously ranked in the top ten from October 2002 to November 2016.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ He re-entered the top ten following his victory at the 2017 Australian Open.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ In majors, Federer has won a record eight Wimbledon titles, a joint record six Australian Open titles, a record five consecutive US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Jimmy Connors __knowledge__ James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is a retired American world No.", "Jimmy Connors __knowledge__ 1 tennis player, often considered among the greatest in the history of the sport.", "Jimmy Connors __knowledge__ He held the top ATP ranking for a then-record 160 consecutive weeks from 1974 to 1977 and a career total of 268 weeks.", "Jimmy Connors __knowledge__ By virtue of his long and prolific career, Connors still holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles (the only man to reach 100), 1535 matches played, and 1256 match wins.", "Jimmy Connors __knowledge__ His titles include eight majors (five US Open, two Wimbledon, one Australian Open), three year-end championships, and 17 Grand Prix Super Series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2010, he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ He is the second male player, after Andre Agassi, to complete the singles Career Golden Slam.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In 2011, Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, Balearic Islands, Spain.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ His father, Sebastián Nadal, is a businessman who owns an insurance company and a glass and window company, Vidres Mallorca, and manages his own restaurant, Sa Punta.", "Koh-Kae __knowledge__ Koh Kae (โก๋แก่) is the brand name of a popular peanut snack in Thailand, which are peanuts covered with a crunchy shell; originally the coating was only a coconut cream flavor, but there is now a range of flavors.", "Koh-Kae __knowledge__ Koh Kae is sold in cylindrical cans in a variety of sizes.", "Koh-Kae __knowledge__ They are also exported to the US, UK, Australia, Germany and other countries where they have also been very popular.", "Koh-Kae __knowledge__ They are similar to the Borrelnootje from the Netherlands and the Australian product Tuff Nuts.", "Charles-Joseph Loeillard d'Avrigny __knowledge__ Charles-Joseph Loeillard d’Avrigny (c. 1760 in Martinique – 17 September 1823) was a French poet and librettist.", "Hyacinthe Robillard d'Avrigny __knowledge__ Hyacinthe Robillard d'Avrigny (1675, Caen – 24 April 1719) was a French Jesuit.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "The Runners __knowledge__ The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew \"Dru Brett\" Harr and Jermaine \"Mayne Zayne\" Jackson.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They came together to form the team in 2000, but they have known each other since they were in kindergarten.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They both have been influenced their entire lives by producers Timbaland and The Neptunes.", "The Runners __knowledge__ Their trademark is an exhale sound effect ringing \"Ahhh\" at the beginning of their songs.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They are best known for producing the hit singles \"Go Hard\" and \"Hustlin'\", by rappers DJ Khaled and Rick Ross respectively.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole Kevin Cossom Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Trip Lee, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Justin Bieber, Fabolous and Usher.", "Spanish–Moro conflict __knowledge__ The Spanish–Moro Conflict was a series of wars lasting over several centuries from the beginning of Spanish colonization of the Philippines, to the Spanish–American War when Spain finally began to subjugate Moroland after centuries of failing to do so.", "Spanish–Moro conflict __knowledge__ The Moros had a history of resistance against Spanish, American, and Japanese rule for over 400 years.", "Spanish–Moro conflict __knowledge__ The violent armed struggle against the Japanese, Filipinos, Spanish, and Americans is considered by current Moro Muslim leaders as part of the four-century-long \"national liberation movement\" of the Bangsamoro (Moro Nation).", "Spanish–Moro conflict __knowledge__ The 400-year-long resistance against the Japanese, Americans, and Spanish by the Moro Muslims persisted and morphed into their current war for independence against the Philippine state.", "Jumpoth Ruayjaroensap __knowledge__ Jumpoth Ruayjaroensap (Tom) () was born on 23 January 1972.", "Jumpoth Ruayjaroensap __knowledge__ His life has two aspects.", "Jumpoth Ruayjaroensap __knowledge__ One is business; he is a managing director of his family business, the well-known snack brand of Thailand 'Koh Kae'.", "Jumpoth Ruayjaroensap __knowledge__ Another is art; he loves to draw and paint, then to make a film.", "Jumpoth Ruayjaroensap __knowledge__ After he graduated B.A.", "Jumpoth Ruayjaroensap __knowledge__ and M.B.A. from Schiller International University, U.K. and traveled around Europe, Asia and America, he founded Koh Film, his own film studios, to make and screen his first experimental short film 'Mun...Z Happen' in 2009.", "Jumpoth Ruayjaroensap __knowledge__ As an executive producer, he produced the film project 'Do Man Tham' to support other 4 new comers Thai film directors making their short films and screened with his one.", "Henry Clay __knowledge__ Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852) was an American lawyer, planter, and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives.", "Henry Clay __knowledge__ After serving three non-consecutive terms as Speaker of the House of Representatives, Clay helped elect John Quincy Adams as president, and Adams subsequently appointed Clay as Secretary of State.", "Henry Clay __knowledge__ Clay served four separate terms in the Senate, including stints from 1831 to 1842 and from 1849 to 1852.", "Henry Clay __knowledge__ He ran for the presidency in 1824, 1832 and 1844, and unsuccessfully sought his party's nomination in 1840 and 1848.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston __knowledge__ The two fights between Muhammad Ali and Sonny Liston for boxing's World Heavyweight Championship were among the most anticipated, watched and controversial fights in the sport's history.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston __knowledge__ \"Sports Illustrated\" magazine named their first meeting, the Liston–Clay fight (Ali had not yet changed his name from Cassius Clay), as the fourth greatest sports moment of the twentieth century.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston __knowledge__ The first bout was held in February 1964 in Miami Beach, Florida.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston __knowledge__ Clay (later Ali) won when Liston gave up at the opening of the seventh round (after being clearly dominated in the sixth).", "Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston __knowledge__ Their second fight was in May 1965 in Lewiston, Maine, which Ali won with a first-round knockout.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ The Maya civilization developed in an area that encompasses southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ This region consists of the northern lowlands encompassing the Yucatán Peninsula, and the highlands of the Sierra Madre, running from the Mexican state of Chiapas, across southern Guatemala and onwards into El Salvador, and the southern lowlands of the Pacific littoral plain.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters featured in the American stop motion animation series \"Moral Orel\".", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ Most of the characters' names are references in some way to the stop motion animation process.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ Orel Puppington (born November 28, 1993) is the protagonist of the stop-motion animated television series, \"Moral Orel\".", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ He is an 11- (later 12-) year-old boy whose quest is to be moral and good, which drives most of the plots of the episodes.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ He collects religious action figures and makes short animated movies with them.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ In his attempts to remain moral, he listens to Reverend Putty's sermons very closely.", "Adrian Belew __knowledge__ Adrian Belew (born Robert Steven Belew, December 23, 1949) is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer.", "Adrian Belew __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist primarily known as a guitarist and singer, Belew is noted for his unusual, impressionistic approach to guitar playing, which, rather than relying on standard instrumental tones, often resembles sound effects or noises made by animals and machines.", "Adrian Belew __knowledge__ Perhaps best known for his long stint as frontman and co-guitarist for the progressive rock group King Crimson from 1981 to 2009, Belew is widely recognized as an \"incredibly versatile player\" who has released nearly twenty solo albums for Island Records and Atlantic Records, blending or alternating Beatles-inspired pop-rock with more experimental fare.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ Grigor Dimitrov (, ; born 16 May 1991) is a Bulgarian professional tennis player.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ His career-high ATP singles ranking is world No.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ 3, which he achieved in November 2017 after winning the 2017 ATP Finals.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ Dimitrov is the most successful Bulgarian male tennis player to date, both in terms of ranking reached— he is the only Bulgarian tennis player ever to be ranked inside the top 10 ATP Singles—and prize money won, being the only male Bulgarian player to reach US$1m and later $10m.", "Grigor Dimitrov __knowledge__ Dimitrov is also the first (and only) Bulgarian male tennis player to win an ATP title in singles (after he won in October 2013 at Stockholm) and reach a final in doubles (in 2011) as well as the only Bulgarian male player to reach the third round or better at a Grand Slam tournament.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Aristocracy of Norway refers to modern and medieval aristocracy in Norway.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Additionally, there have been economical, political, and military élites that—relating to the main lines of Norway's history—are generally accepted as nominal predecessors of the aforementioned.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Since the 16th century, modern aristocracy is known as nobility ().", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ The very first aristocracy in today's Norway appeared during the Bronze Age (c. 1800 BCc.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ 500 BC).", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ This bronze aristocracy consisted of several regional élites, whose earliest known existence dates to c. 1500 BC.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Via similar structures in the Iron Age (c. 400 BCc." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "Rafael Nadal Parera us a great tennis player.", "Yeah, Rafael is also a Spanish pro.", "He is ranked number 1 in men's singles tennis so he is amazing.", "He is even known as the king of clay.", "Agreed, he is arguably one of the most talented tennis players of all time." ]

[ "Rafael Nadal", "Rafael Nadal", "Rafael Nadal", "Rafael Nadal", "Rafael Nadal" ]

[ "Ford Mustang\nI drive a Ford Mustang.", "Yes, that is all I drive.", "I love that it is an American made car.", "I will never drive an Asian car." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang is an American car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ Introduced early on April 17, 1964 (16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda), and thus dubbed as a \"1964½\" by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang created the \"pony car\" class of American muscle cars, affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks, and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin, Chrysler's revamped Plymouth Barracuda, and the second generation Dodge Challenger.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Ford and several third party companies offered many modified versions of the highly popular Mustang in order to cater to specific portions of the marketplace outside of the mainstream.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ High-performance enthusiasts seek more powerful, sharper handling, sports cars, while collectors and purists seek limited production and alternate or nostalgic styling, such as is commonly found on many commemorative editions.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Still, others were made purely for experimental concepts such as the McLaren M81 (turbo) and SVO, which later influenced production model design.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Most variants include both performance upgrades, and unique cosmetic treatments that are typically minimal to maintain the familiar appearance of a stock Mustang.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The Shelby Mustang is a high performance variant of the Ford Mustang which was built by Shelby American from 1965 to 1968, and from 1969 to 1970 by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Following the introduction of the fifth generation Ford Mustang in 2005, the Shelby nameplate was revived as a new high-performance model, this time designed and built by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The 1965–1966 cars were the smallest and lightest of the GT 350 models.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ These cars are often called \"Cobras\", which was the Ford-powered AC-based two-seat sports car also produced by Shelby American during the same period.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Both models use the Cobra emblem, similar paint scheme, and the optional \"Cobra\" valve covers on many GT350s that were part of a marketing tie-in by Shelby, as well as one of his iconic symbols.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ The fifth-generation Ford Mustang is a pony car that was manufactured by Ford from 2005 to 2014, at the Flat Rock Assembly Plant in Flat Rock, Michigan.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ The fifth generation began with the 2005 model year, and received a facelift for the 2010 model year.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ Originally designed by Sid Ramnarace through late 2001 and finalized in mid-2002, the fifth-generation Mustang's design was previewed by two preproduction concept cars that debuted at the 2003 North American International Auto Show.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ Development began on the S-197 program in 1999 under chief engineer Hau Thai-Tang, shortly after the 1998 launch of \"New Edge\" SN-95 facelift.", "Ford Mustang (sixth generation) __knowledge__ The sixth generation Ford Mustang is the current iteration of the Mustang pony car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang (sixth generation) __knowledge__ The sixth generation was presented at private Ford events on December 5, 2013 and commenced series production at the Ford Flat Rock Assembly Plant on July 14, 2014.", "Ford Mustang (sixth generation) __knowledge__ In departure from prior Mustang models, the sixth generation Mustang includes fully independent rear suspension on all models, as well as an optional 2.3L EcoBoost turbocharged and direct injected four cylinder engine.", "Ford Mustang (sixth generation) __knowledge__ The new Mustang was introduced as a 2015 model year vehicle, marking the fiftieth anniversary of the Ford Mustang, which was revealed as a 1965 model year vehicle on April 17, 1964.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The Ford SVT Mustang Cobra (also known as SVT Mustang Cobra, SVT Cobra, or simply as Cobra) is a muscle car/pony car model that was built in model years 1993 through 2004 by Ford Motor Company's Special Vehicle Team division (or SVT, for short).", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The SVT Cobra was a high-performance version of the Ford Mustang, considered as top-of-the-line as it was positioned above the Mustang GT and Mach 1 models during its era of production.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ On three occasions, the race-ready, street-legal SVT Cobra R variant was produced in limited numbers.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The SVT Cobra was succeeded by the 2007 Shelby GT500.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ Although the GT500 was built by SVT and wears a Cobra emblem, it is not considered an SVT Cobra, as the car is licensed by Shelby and does not have \"Cobra\" in its model name or description.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang is an American car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ Introduced early on April 17, 1964 (16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda), and thus dubbed as a \"1964½\" by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang created the \"pony car\" class of American muscle cars, affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks, and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin, Chrysler's revamped Plymouth Barracuda, and the second generation Dodge Challenger.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Ford and several third party companies offered many modified versions of the highly popular Mustang in order to cater to specific portions of the marketplace outside of the mainstream.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ High-performance enthusiasts seek more powerful, sharper handling, sports cars, while collectors and purists seek limited production and alternate or nostalgic styling, such as is commonly found on many commemorative editions.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Still, others were made purely for experimental concepts such as the McLaren M81 (turbo) and SVO, which later influenced production model design.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Most variants include both performance upgrades, and unique cosmetic treatments that are typically minimal to maintain the familiar appearance of a stock Mustang.", "Ford FE engine __knowledge__ The Ford FE engine is a Ford V8 engine used in vehicles sold in the North American market between 1958 and 1976.", "Ford FE engine __knowledge__ The FE was introduced to replace the short-lived Ford Y-block engine, which American cars and trucks were outgrowing.", "Ford FE engine __knowledge__ It was designed with room to be significantly expanded, and manufactured both as a top-oiler and side-oiler, and in displacements between and .", "Ford FE engine __knowledge__ \"FE\" derives from 'Ford-Edsel.'", "Ford FE engine __knowledge__ Versions of the FE line designed for use in medium and heavy trucks and school buses from 1964 through 1978 were known as \"FT,\" for 'Ford-Truck,' and differed primarily by having steel (instead of nodular iron) crankshafts, larger crank snouts, different distributor shafts, different water pumps and a greater use of iron for its parts.", "Automotive lighting __knowledge__ The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted or integrated to the front, rear, sides, and in some cases the top of a motor vehicle.", "Automotive lighting __knowledge__ This lights the roadway for the driver and increases the visibility of the vehicle, allowing other drivers and pedestrians to see a vehicle's presence, position, size, direction of travel, and the driver's intentions regarding direction and speed of travel.", "Automotive lighting __knowledge__ Emergency vehicles usually carry distinctive lighting equipment to warn drivers and indicate priority of movement in traffic.", "Automotive lighting __knowledge__ Early road vehicles used fuelled lamps, before the availability of electric lighting.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The Ford SVT Mustang Cobra (also known as SVT Mustang Cobra, SVT Cobra, or simply as Cobra) is a muscle car/pony car model that was built in model years 1993 through 2004 by Ford Motor Company's Special Vehicle Team division (or SVT, for short).", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The SVT Cobra was a high-performance version of the Ford Mustang, considered as top-of-the-line as it was positioned above the Mustang GT and Mach 1 models during its era of production.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ On three occasions, the race-ready, street-legal SVT Cobra R variant was produced in limited numbers.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The SVT Cobra was succeeded by the 2007 Shelby GT500.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ Although the GT500 was built by SVT and wears a Cobra emblem, it is not considered an SVT Cobra, as the car is licensed by Shelby and does not have \"Cobra\" in its model name or description.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The Shelby Mustang is a high performance variant of the Ford Mustang which was built by Shelby American from 1965 to 1968, and from 1969 to 1970 by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Following the introduction of the fifth generation Ford Mustang in 2005, the Shelby nameplate was revived as a new high-performance model, this time designed and built by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The 1965–1966 cars were the smallest and lightest of the GT 350 models.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ These cars are often called \"Cobras\", which was the Ford-powered AC-based two-seat sports car also produced by Shelby American during the same period.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Both models use the Cobra emblem, similar paint scheme, and the optional \"Cobra\" valve covers on many GT350s that were part of a marketing tie-in by Shelby, as well as one of his iconic symbols.", "Allan Moffat __knowledge__ Allan George Moffat (born 10 November 1939 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada) is a Canadian-Australian racing driver known for his four wins in the Australian Touring Car Championship, six wins in the Sandown 500 and his four wins in the Bathurst 500/1000.", "Allan Moffat __knowledge__ Moffat was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 1999.", "Allan Moffat __knowledge__ Moffat and his long-time friend and rival (and later co-driver) Peter Brock are the only drivers to have won The Great Race at Bathurst in both its 500-mile and 1000-kilometre formats.", "Allan Moffat __knowledge__ Born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Moffat moved to Australia as a 17-year-old college student with his parents when his father, who worked for Massey Ferguson, was transferred to Melbourne for work and in the early 1960s embarked on his record-setting motor racing career." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang is an American car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ Introduced early on April 17, 1964 (16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda), and thus dubbed as a \"1964½\" by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang created the \"pony car\" class of American muscle cars, affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks, and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin, Chrysler's revamped Plymouth Barracuda, and the second generation Dodge Challenger.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States.", "American Made Music to Strip By __knowledge__ American Made Music to Strip By is the first remix album released by American musician Rob Zombie.", "American Made Music to Strip By __knowledge__ The album was released through Geffen Records on October 26, 1999.", "American Made Music to Strip By __knowledge__ It is composed entirely of remixes of songs taken from Zombie's debut studio album, \"Hellbilly Deluxe\" (1998).", "American Made Music to Strip By __knowledge__ Zombie worked with a number of musicians and producers to create updated versions of the songs, including Charlie Clouser, who had previously worked with Zombie on his debut solo effort.", "American Made Music to Strip By __knowledge__ Ten of the original albums songs have been remixed, excluding three instrumental interludes.", "American Made Music to Strip By __knowledge__ Two of the remixes featured on \"American Made Music to Strip By\" had previously been released on promotional discs for \"Dragula\" (1998) and \"Living Dead Girl\" (1999).", "The Home Made Car __knowledge__ The Home Made Car (1963) is a short film directed by James Hill about a young man who rebuilds a vintage car and finds love.", "The Home Made Car __knowledge__ The film was nominated for an Academy Award (Short Subjects, Live Action Subjects), and won a special Silver Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival.", "The Home Made Car __knowledge__ Filmed largely in and around Farnborough, Hampshire, and Cove Hampshire.", "The Home Made Car __knowledge__ the car was rebuilt at Blackwell Cottage, Cambridge Road West, Farnborough.", "The Home Made Car __knowledge__ The house remains, although the garage has been replaced by a detached house now number 26.", "The Home Made Car __knowledge__ The house where the little girl lived, next-door, is still there.", "The Home Made Car __knowledge__ As well as Farnborough, parts of the filming took place in Bucks Horn Oak, Hampshire and Seale, Surrey.", "JPS Team BMW __knowledge__ JPS Team BMW is a former Australian motor racing team that ran from 1981-1987.", "JPS Team BMW __knowledge__ The team's main focus was touring car racing but also ran in sports sedans and GT cars as well.", "JPS Team BMW __knowledge__ The team, under the management of former British Touring Car Champion and Formula One racer Frank Gardner, was based in Sydney and completed almost all of their testing at the old Amaroo Park circuit with Gardner himself doing most of the test miles in the various BMW's the team raced.", "JPS Team BMW __knowledge__ The team was born out of Allan Grice's Craven Mild Racing which had run Holden Torana's and Holden Commodore's in the mid to late 1970s and into 1980.", "American Made (film) __knowledge__ American Made is a 2017 American biographical crime film, directed by Doug Liman, written by Gary Spinelli, and starring Tom Cruise, Domhnall Gleeson, Sarah Wright, Alejandro Edda, Mauricio Mejía, Caleb Landry Jones and Jesse Plemons.", "American Made (film) __knowledge__ The plot focuses on Barry Seal, a former TWA pilot who flew missions for the CIA, and became a drug smuggler for the Medellín Cartel in the 1980s.", "American Made (film) __knowledge__ In order to avoid jail time, Seal became an informant for the DEA.", "American Made (film) __knowledge__ The film was first released in Europe on August 23, 2017, and in the United States on September 29, 2017.", "American Made (film) __knowledge__ It is the first film directed by Liman to be released by Universal Pictures since \"The Bourne Identity\" in 2002, and was played in 2D and IMAX in select theaters.", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ The ISCARS Dash Touring Series (previously known as the NASCAR Baby Grand National, Goody's Dash Series and IPOWER Dash Series among others) was a stock car racing series created by NASCAR in 1973, running solely at North Wilkesboro Speedway, that involved V-6 powered cars raced over relatively short distances.", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ In 1975 the series branched out to other tracks besides North Wilkesboro Speedway .", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ After the end of the 2003 season, NASCAR transferred the Goody's Dash series to IPOWER (International Participants Of Winning Edge Racing).", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ In 2004, they ran the IPOWER Dash Series.", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ In January 2005, officials announced the cancellation of the 2005 Dash season due to problems with sponsorship.", "American Made (song) __knowledge__ \"American Made\" is a song written by Bob DiPiero and Pat McManus, and recorded by American country music group The Oak Ridge Boys.", "American Made (song) __knowledge__ It was released in February 1983 as the first single and title track from the album \"American Made\".", "American Made (song) __knowledge__ The song was The Oak Ridge Boys' seventh number one on the country chart.", "American Made (song) __knowledge__ The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart.", "American Made (song) __knowledge__ \"American Made was also one of their biggest cross-over hits peaking at number seventy-two on the Hot 100.", "American Made (song) __knowledge__ \"American Made\" was later made into a TV commercial jingle for Miller Beer, with the line in the song's chorus being changed from \"My baby is American made\" to \"Miller's made the American way.\"", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The automotive industry in New Zealand supplies a market which has always had one of the world's highest car ownership ratios.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The distributors of new cars are essentially the former owners of the assembly businesses.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ At the dealership level they have maintained their old retail chains in spite of the establishment of the many new independent businesses built since the 1980s by specialists in used imports from Japan.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ Toyota entered into direct competition with those used-import businesses refurbishing old Toyotas from Japan and selling them through their own dealers as a special line.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The nation's car fleet is accordingly somewhat older than in most developed countries.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "North American International Auto Show __knowledge__ The North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) is an annual auto show held in Detroit, Michigan at Cobo Center, usually in January.", "North American International Auto Show __knowledge__ It is among the largest auto shows in North America.", "North American International Auto Show __knowledge__ In 1899, William E. Metzger helped organize the Detroit Auto Show, only the second of its kind.", "North American International Auto Show __knowledge__ The next year, he helped stage the New York Auto Show in New York's Madison Square Garden.", "North American International Auto Show __knowledge__ An auto show was held in Detroit in 1907 at Beller's Beer Garden at Riverside Park and since then annually except 1941-1953.", "North American International Auto Show __knowledge__ During the shows first decades of existence it portrayed only a regional focus.", "North American International Auto Show __knowledge__ In 1957 international carmakers exhibited for the first time.", "Car __knowledge__ A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.", "Car __knowledge__ Most definitions of \"car\" say they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four tires, and mainly transport people rather than goods.", "Car __knowledge__ Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them.", "Car __knowledge__ The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car, when German inventor Karl Benz built his Benz Patent-Motorwagen.", "Car __knowledge__ Cars did not become widely available until the early 20th century.", "Car __knowledge__ One of the first cars that was accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Imperial (automobile) __knowledge__ Imperial was the Chrysler Corporation's luxury automobile brand between 1955 and 1975, with a brief reappearance from 1981 to 1983.", "Imperial (automobile) __knowledge__ The Imperial name had been used since 1926, but was never a separate make, just the top-of-the-line Chrysler.", "Imperial (automobile) __knowledge__ However, in 1955, the company decided to spin Imperial off as its own make and division to better compete with its North American rivals, Lincoln and Cadillac.", "Imperial (automobile) __knowledge__ Imperial would see new or modified body styles introduced every two to three years, all with V8 engines and automatic transmissions, as well as technologies that would filter down to Chrysler corporation's other models.", "Muscle car __knowledge__ Muscle car is an American term used to refer to a variety of high-performance automobiles.", "Muscle car __knowledge__ The \"Merriam-Webster\" dictionary defines muscle cars as \"any of a group of American-made 2-door sports cars with powerful engines designed for high-performance driving.\"", "Muscle car __knowledge__ A large V8 engine is fitted in a 2-door, rear wheel drive, family-style compact, mid-size or full-size car designed for four or more passengers.", "Muscle car __knowledge__ Sold at an affordable price, muscle cars are intended for street use and occasional drag racing.", "Muscle car __knowledge__ They are distinct from two-seat sports cars and expensive 2+2 GTs intended for high-speed touring and road racing." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang is an American car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ Introduced early on April 17, 1964 (16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda), and thus dubbed as a \"1964½\" by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang created the \"pony car\" class of American muscle cars, affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks, and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin, Chrysler's revamped Plymouth Barracuda, and the second generation Dodge Challenger.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States.", "Driving in Singapore __knowledge__ In Singapore, cars and other vehicles drive on the left side of the road, as in neighbouring Malaysia, due to its British colonial history (which led to British driving rules being adopted in India, Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong as well).", "Driving in Singapore __knowledge__ As a result, most vehicles are right-hand drive.", "Driving in Singapore __knowledge__ However, exemptions have been made to allow foreign vehicles and construction machineries to utilise the roadspace of Singapore.", "Driving in Singapore __knowledge__ As such, vehicles with left hand drive configurations are required to either be driven with a sign indicating \"LEFT-HAND-DRIVE\" or towed.", "Driving in Singapore __knowledge__ The per-capita car ownership rate in Singapore is 12 cars per 100 people (or 1 car per 8.25 people).", "Nigel Mansell __knowledge__ Nigel Ernest James Mansell, (; born 8 August 1953) is a British former racing driver who won both the Formula One World Championship (1992) and the CART Indy Car World Series (1993).", "Nigel Mansell __knowledge__ Mansell was the reigning F1 champion when he moved over to CART, becoming the first person to win the CART title in his debut season, and making him the only person to hold both the World Drivers' Championship and the American open-wheel National Championship simultaneously.", "Nigel Mansell __knowledge__ His career in Formula One spanned 15 seasons, with his final two full seasons of top-level racing being spent in the CART series.", "Nigel Mansell __knowledge__ Mansell is the second most successful British Formula One driver of all time in terms of race wins with 31 victories, and is seventh overall on the Formula One race winners list behind Michael Schumacher, Lewis Hamilton, Alain Prost, Sebastian Vettel, Ayrton Senna and Fernando Alonso.", "Driver's license __knowledge__ A driver's license is an official document permitting a specific individual to operate one or more types of motorized vehicles, such as a motorcycle, car, truck, or bus on a public road.", "Driver's license __knowledge__ The term \"driver's license\" is American English; the Canadian English equivalent is driver's licence, and in British English it is driving licence.", "Driver's license __knowledge__ In this article, the American terminology and spelling is used except where the section refers specifically to British practice.", "Driver's license __knowledge__ The laws relating to the licensing of drivers vary between jurisdictions.", "Driver's license __knowledge__ In some jurisdictions, a license is issued after the recipient has passed a driving test, while in others, a person acquires a license before beginning to drive.", "Lara Cardella __knowledge__ Lara Cardella (born November 13, 1969 in Licata, Italy) is an Italian writer.", "Lara Cardella __knowledge__ She is best known for her best seller novel \"Good girls don't wear trousers\".", "Lara Cardella __knowledge__ Her first book \"Good Girls Don't Wear Trousers\" (in Italian: \"Volevo i pantaloni\"), written when she was nineteen, caused a scandal in the small Sicilian community where she lived because it fiercely criticized what she perceived as the backwardness and chauvinism of contemporary sicilian society.", "Lara Cardella __knowledge__ The controversy surrounding the book, as well as the young age of its author, contributed to make it a huge bestseller in Italy and the novel was translated in many languages and published across the rest of Europe, in Brazil and Korea.", "The Woman and the Car __knowledge__ The Woman and the Car: A Chatty Little Handbook for all Women Who Motor or Who Want to Motor is a book by Dorothy Levitt, first published in 1909.", "The Woman and the Car __knowledge__ From 1903 until 1908 Levitt wrote a motoring column for \"The Graphic\", an illustrated weekly newspaper, a series that formed the basis of \"The Woman and the Car\".", "The Woman and the Car __knowledge__ Levitt's handbook was not the first targeted at women motorists – English writer Eliza Davis Aria had published \"Woman and the Motorcar: Being the Autobiography of an Automobilist\" in 1906 for instance – but it was the most widely circulated of its day.", "The Woman and the Car __knowledge__ In her introductory chapter Levitt sets the scene by explaining that she is not writing for the benefit of those women who have already taken to motoring; her target audience is instead \"those [women] who would like to, but either dare not because of nervousness, or who imagine it is too difficult to understand the many necessary technical details\".", "Peter Collins (racing driver) __knowledge__ Peter John Collins (6 November 1931 – 3 August 1958) was a British racing driver.", "Peter Collins (racing driver) __knowledge__ He was killed in the 1958 German Grand Prix, just weeks after winning the RAC British Grand Prix.", "Peter Collins (racing driver) __knowledge__ He started his career as a 17-year-old in 1949, impressing in Formula 3 races, finishing third in the 1951 Autosport National Formula 3 Championship.", "Peter Collins (racing driver) __knowledge__ Born on 6 November 1931, Collins grew up in Mustow Green, Kidderminster, in Worcestershire (England).", "Peter Collins (racing driver) __knowledge__ The son of a motor-garage owner and haulage merchant, Collins became interested in motor vehicles at a young age.", "Peter Collins (racing driver) __knowledge__ He was expelled from school at 16 owing to spending time at a local fairground during school hours.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ Usually, photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ The term \"solar vehicle\" usually implies that solar energy is used to power all or part of a vehicle's propulsion.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ Solar power may be also used to provide power for communications or controls or other auxiliary functions.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ Solar vehicles are not sold as practical day-to-day transportation devices at present, but are primarily demonstration vehicles and engineering exercises, often sponsored by government agencies.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Ford and several third party companies offered many modified versions of the highly popular Mustang in order to cater to specific portions of the marketplace outside of the mainstream.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ High-performance enthusiasts seek more powerful, sharper handling, sports cars, while collectors and purists seek limited production and alternate or nostalgic styling, such as is commonly found on many commemorative editions.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Still, others were made purely for experimental concepts such as the McLaren M81 (turbo) and SVO, which later influenced production model design.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Most variants include both performance upgrades, and unique cosmetic treatments that are typically minimal to maintain the familiar appearance of a stock Mustang.", "Grey import vehicle __knowledge__ Grey import vehicles are new or used motor vehicles and motorcycles legally imported from another country through channels other than the maker's official distribution system.", "Grey import vehicle __knowledge__ The synonymous term parallel import is sometimes substituted.", "Grey import vehicle __knowledge__ Car makers frequently arbitrage markets, setting the price according to local market conditions so the same vehicle will have different real prices in different territories.", "Grey import vehicle __knowledge__ Grey import vehicles circumvent this profit maximization strategy.", "Grey import vehicle __knowledge__ Car makers and local distributors sometimes regard grey imports as a threat to their network of franchised dealerships, but independent distributors don't mind since more cars of an odd brand bring in money from service and spare parts.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The automotive industry in New Zealand supplies a market which has always had one of the world's highest car ownership ratios.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The distributors of new cars are essentially the former owners of the assembly businesses.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ At the dealership level they have maintained their old retail chains in spite of the establishment of the many new independent businesses built since the 1980s by specialists in used imports from Japan.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ Toyota entered into direct competition with those used-import businesses refurbishing old Toyotas from Japan and selling them through their own dealers as a special line.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The nation's car fleet is accordingly somewhat older than in most developed countries." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "I can respect that, since Ford Mustangs are pretty nice cars.", "Nice, they are an American car made by Ford.", "I usually prefer Asian cars like Toyota but Ford cars are pretty damn good, especially for their Mustang.", "Really? American cars are pretty good but Asian cars are usually more consistent, especially compared to something like the Ford Falcon." ]

[ "Ford Mustang", "Ford Mustang", "Ford Mustang", "Ford Mustang" ]

[ "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "yea hes such a cool guy", "yea hes super active i think hes amazing" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician, and former professional bodybuilder.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, remaining a prominent presence in bodybuilding and writing many books and articles on the sport.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ The Arnold Sports Festival, considered one of the best professional bodybuilding competitions in recent years, is named after him.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He is widely considered to be one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as that sport's most charismatic ambassador.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action-film icon.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic \"Conan the Barbarian\" in 1982, a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ In 1984, he appeared in the title role of James Cameron's critically and commercially successful science-fiction thriller film \"The Terminator\".", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments: \"\" (1991), \"\" (2003), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician, and former professional bodybuilder.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, remaining a prominent presence in bodybuilding and writing many books and articles on the sport.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ The Arnold Sports Festival, considered one of the best professional bodybuilding competitions in recent years, is named after him.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He is widely considered to be one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as that sport's most charismatic ambassador.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action-film icon.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic \"Conan the Barbarian\" in 1982, a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ In 1984, he appeared in the title role of James Cameron's critically and commercially successful science-fiction thriller film \"The Terminator\".", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments: \"\" (1991), \"\" (2003), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015).", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ Anna Mae He ( or He Sijia, born January 28, 1999 in the United States), was the subject of a custody battle between her Chinese biological parents, Shaoqiang (Jack) He (S: 贺绍强, T: 賀紹強, P: \"Hè Shàoqiáng\") and Qin Luo \"Casey\" He (S: 罗秦, T: 羅秦, \"Luó Qín\"), and her foster parents, Jerry and Louise Baker.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ The case received United States national media attention for years and revolved around the claim of Jerry and Louise Baker that Jack and Casey He abandoned their rights to the child when they signed a temporary custody order.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ Anna Mae He's father, Jack, came to the United States in 1995 on a student visa and attended Arizona State.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ Hydroxyethyl starch (HES/HAES), sold under the brand name Voluven among others, is a nonionic starch derivative, used as a volume expander in intravenous therapy.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ The use of HES on critically ill patients is associated with an increased risk of death and kidney problems.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ HES is a general term and can be sub-classified according to average molecular weight, molar substitution, concentration, C2/C6 ratio and Maximum Daily Dose.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ The European Medicines Agency commenced in June 2013 the process of agreeing to reduced indications which was completed in October 2013.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ An intravenous solution of hydroxyethyl starch is used to prevent shock following severe blood loss caused by trauma, surgery, or other problem.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ The Heinkel HeS 8 (prefix being an abbreviation for \"Heinkel Strahltriebwerke\"-Heinkel jet engine) was an early jet engine designed by Hans von Ohain while working at Heinkel.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ It was the first jet engine to be financially supported by the RLM, bearing the official name 109-001.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ Had development continued it would have been known as the Heinkel 001, but it does not appear this was used in practice.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ The HeS 8 was intended to power the Heinkel He 280 twin-engine fighter, although both Heinkel and von Ohain preferred the axial HeS 30.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ A lengthy gestation period meant it was finally becoming ready for production at about the same time as the Junkers Jumo 004 and BMW 003.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ Home Entertainment Suppliers Pty.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ Ltd. (or HES) is an Australian company that distributes computer games and gaming equipment.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ HES' offices are based in Riverwood, Sydney.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ HES's founder and managing director is MR Sebastian Giompaolo.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ They began distributing Commodore 64 titles such as \"Pitfall!\"", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ in 1982 and \"Kung-Fu Master\" in 1985 and Atari 2600 titles nearing the end of the 1980s under the name Activision.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ HES still remains a dominant distributor within Australia, despite not being well known.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ HES currently is the distributor for Saitek, Gamester and Mad Catz joysticks, cables, memory cards, and other peripherals.", "Hans von Ohain __knowledge__ Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (14 December 191113 March 1998), a German physicist, was the designer of the first \"operational\" jet engine.", "Hans von Ohain __knowledge__ His first design ran in March 1937, and it was one of his engines that powered the world's first flyable all-jet aircraft, the prototype of the Heinkel He 178 (He 178 V1) in late August 1939.", "Hans von Ohain __knowledge__ In spite of these early successes, other German designs quickly eclipsed Ohain's, and none of his engine designs entered widespread production or operational use.", "Hans von Ohain __knowledge__ Ohain started to develop his first turbojet engine designs independently during the same period that Frank Whittle was working on his own similar designs in Britain, and their turbojet designs are said by some to be an example of simultaneous invention.", "Heinkel HeS 30 __knowledge__ The HeS 30 \"(HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke)\" was an early jet engine, originally designed by Adolf Müller at Junkers, but eventually built and tested at Heinkel.", "Heinkel HeS 30 __knowledge__ It was possibly the best of the \"Class I\" engines, a class that included the more famous BMW 003 and Junkers Jumo 004, but work on the design was stopped by the \"Reichluftfahrtministerium\" (RLM) as they felt the Heinkel team should put all their efforts into other designs.", "Heinkel HeS 30 __knowledge__ The HeS 30 was designed before the RLM introduced standardized naming for their engine projects.", "Heinkel HeS 30 __knowledge__ It was assigned the official name 109-006, and it was sometimes called the HeS 006 as a short form.", "Weight training __knowledge__ Weight training is a common type of strength training for developing the strength and size of skeletal muscles.", "Weight training __knowledge__ It utilizes the force of gravity in the form of weighted bars, dumbbells or weight stacks in order to oppose the force generated by muscle through concentric or eccentric contraction.", "Weight training __knowledge__ Weight training uses a variety of specialized to target specific muscle groups and types of movement.", "Weight training __knowledge__ Sports where strength training is central are bodybuilding, weightlifting, powerlifting, and strongman, highland games, shot put, discus throw, and javelin throw.", "Weight training __knowledge__ Many other sports use strength training as part of their training regimen, notably: American football, baseball, basketball, football, hockey, lacrosse, mixed martial arts, rowing, rugby league, rugby union, track and field, and wrestling.", "Strength training __knowledge__ Strength training is a type of physical exercise specializing in the use of resistance to induce muscular contraction which builds the strength, anaerobic endurance, and size of skeletal muscles.", "Strength training __knowledge__ When properly performed, strength training can provide significant functional benefits and improvement in overall health and well-being, including increased bone, muscle, tendon, and ligament strength and toughness, improved joint function, reduced potential for injury, increased bone density, increased metabolism, increased fitness and improved cardiac function.", "Strength training __knowledge__ Training commonly uses the technique of progressively increasing the force output of the muscle through incremental weight increases and uses a variety of exercises and types of to target specific muscle groups.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Schwarzenegger is an actor and former bodybuilder who served as Governor of California from November 2003 to January 2011 after being first elected in the 2003 recall election and having won re-election in 2006.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ It is the first elected office he has held, but was appointed by President George H.W.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Bush to the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, in which he served from 1990 to 1993 and was Chairman of California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger is a registered Republican.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He describes himself as fiscally conservative and socially moderate (e.g., he is pro-choice, supports taxpayer-funded embryonic stem cell research, and supports same-sex marriage).", "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film) __knowledge__ Conan the Barbarian is a 1982 American fantasy adventure film directed and co-written by John Milius.", "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film) __knowledge__ It is based on stories by Robert E. Howard, a pulp-fiction writer of the 1930s, about the adventures of the eponymous character in a fictional prehistoric world of dark magic and savagery.", "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and James Earl Jones, and tells the story of a young barbarian (Schwarzenegger), who seeks vengeance for the death of his parents at the hands of Thulsa Doom (Jones), the leader of a snake cult.", "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film) __knowledge__ Buzz Feitshans and Raffaella De Laurentiis produced the film for her father Dino De Laurentiis, with Edward R. Pressman as an executive producer.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ The 2003 California gubernatorial recall election was a special election permitted under California state law.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ It resulted in voters replacing incumbent Democratic Governor Gray Davis with Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ Davis was ineligible to run for a third term due to term limits after the recall election.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ The recall effort spanned the latter half of 2003.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ Other California governors, including Pat Brown, Ronald Reagan, Jerry Brown, and Pete Wilson, had faced unsuccessful recall attempts.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ After several legal and procedural efforts failed to stop it, California's first-ever gubernatorial recall election was held on October 7, and the results were certified on November 14, 2003, making Davis the first governor recalled in the history of California, and just the second in U.S. history (the first was North Dakota's 1921 recall of Lynn Frazier).", "Jack LaLanne __knowledge__ Francois Henri \"Jack\" LaLanne (pronounced /lə'leɪn/ \"luh-layn\" French /lalan/ \"lah-lahn\"; September 26, 1914January 23, 2011) was an American fitness, exercise, and nutrition expert and motivational speaker who is sometimes referred to as the \"Godfather of Fitness\" and the \"First Fitness Superhero\".", "Jack LaLanne __knowledge__ He described himself as being a \"sugarholic\" and a \"junk food junkie\" until he was age 15.", "Jack LaLanne __knowledge__ He also had behavioral problems, but \"turned his life around\" after listening to a public lecture about the benefits of good nutrition by health food pioneer Paul Bragg.", "Jack LaLanne __knowledge__ During his career, he came to believe that the country's overall health depended on the health of its population, and referred to physical culture and nutrition as \"the salvation of America\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician, and former professional bodybuilder.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, remaining a prominent presence in bodybuilding and writing many books and articles on the sport.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ The Arnold Sports Festival, considered one of the best professional bodybuilding competitions in recent years, is named after him.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He is widely considered to be one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as that sport's most charismatic ambassador.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action-film icon.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic \"Conan the Barbarian\" in 1982, a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ In 1984, he appeared in the title role of James Cameron's critically and commercially successful science-fiction thriller film \"The Terminator\".", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments: \"\" (1991), \"\" (2003), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015).", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ Anna Mae He ( or He Sijia, born January 28, 1999 in the United States), was the subject of a custody battle between her Chinese biological parents, Shaoqiang (Jack) He (S: 贺绍强, T: 賀紹強, P: \"Hè Shàoqiáng\") and Qin Luo \"Casey\" He (S: 罗秦, T: 羅秦, \"Luó Qín\"), and her foster parents, Jerry and Louise Baker.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ The case received United States national media attention for years and revolved around the claim of Jerry and Louise Baker that Jack and Casey He abandoned their rights to the child when they signed a temporary custody order.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ Anna Mae He's father, Jack, came to the United States in 1995 on a student visa and attended Arizona State.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ Hydroxyethyl starch (HES/HAES), sold under the brand name Voluven among others, is a nonionic starch derivative, used as a volume expander in intravenous therapy.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ The use of HES on critically ill patients is associated with an increased risk of death and kidney problems.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ HES is a general term and can be sub-classified according to average molecular weight, molar substitution, concentration, C2/C6 ratio and Maximum Daily Dose.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ The European Medicines Agency commenced in June 2013 the process of agreeing to reduced indications which was completed in October 2013.", "Hydroxyethyl starch __knowledge__ An intravenous solution of hydroxyethyl starch is used to prevent shock following severe blood loss caused by trauma, surgery, or other problem.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ The Heinkel HeS 8 (prefix being an abbreviation for \"Heinkel Strahltriebwerke\"-Heinkel jet engine) was an early jet engine designed by Hans von Ohain while working at Heinkel.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ It was the first jet engine to be financially supported by the RLM, bearing the official name 109-001.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ Had development continued it would have been known as the Heinkel 001, but it does not appear this was used in practice.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ The HeS 8 was intended to power the Heinkel He 280 twin-engine fighter, although both Heinkel and von Ohain preferred the axial HeS 30.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ A lengthy gestation period meant it was finally becoming ready for production at about the same time as the Junkers Jumo 004 and BMW 003.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ Home Entertainment Suppliers Pty.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ Ltd. (or HES) is an Australian company that distributes computer games and gaming equipment.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ HES' offices are based in Riverwood, Sydney.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ HES's founder and managing director is MR Sebastian Giompaolo.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ They began distributing Commodore 64 titles such as \"Pitfall!\"", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ in 1982 and \"Kung-Fu Master\" in 1985 and Atari 2600 titles nearing the end of the 1980s under the name Activision.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ HES still remains a dominant distributor within Australia, despite not being well known.", "Home Entertainment Suppliers __knowledge__ HES currently is the distributor for Saitek, Gamester and Mad Catz joysticks, cables, memory cards, and other peripherals.", "Hans von Ohain __knowledge__ Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (14 December 191113 March 1998), a German physicist, was the designer of the first \"operational\" jet engine.", "Hans von Ohain __knowledge__ His first design ran in March 1937, and it was one of his engines that powered the world's first flyable all-jet aircraft, the prototype of the Heinkel He 178 (He 178 V1) in late August 1939.", "Hans von Ohain __knowledge__ In spite of these early successes, other German designs quickly eclipsed Ohain's, and none of his engine designs entered widespread production or operational use.", "Hans von Ohain __knowledge__ Ohain started to develop his first turbojet engine designs independently during the same period that Frank Whittle was working on his own similar designs in Britain, and their turbojet designs are said by some to be an example of simultaneous invention.", "Heinkel HeS 30 __knowledge__ The HeS 30 \"(HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke)\" was an early jet engine, originally designed by Adolf Müller at Junkers, but eventually built and tested at Heinkel.", "Heinkel HeS 30 __knowledge__ It was possibly the best of the \"Class I\" engines, a class that included the more famous BMW 003 and Junkers Jumo 004, but work on the design was stopped by the \"Reichluftfahrtministerium\" (RLM) as they felt the Heinkel team should put all their efforts into other designs.", "Heinkel HeS 30 __knowledge__ The HeS 30 was designed before the RLM introduced standardized naming for their engine projects.", "Heinkel HeS 30 __knowledge__ It was assigned the official name 109-006, and it was sometimes called the HeS 006 as a short form.", "HES1 __knowledge__ Transcription factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) is a protein that is encoded by the \"Hes1\" gene, and is the mammalian homolog of the hairy gene in \"Drosophila.\"", "HES1 __knowledge__ HES1 is one of the seven members of the Hes gene family (HES1-7).", "HES1 __knowledge__ Hes genes code nuclear proteins that suppress transcription.", "HES1 __knowledge__ This protein belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors.", "HES1 __knowledge__ It is a transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription.", "HES1 __knowledge__ The protein has a particular type of basic domain that contains a helix interrupting protein that binds to the N-box promoter region rather than the canonical enhancer box (E-box).", "Film finance __knowledge__ Film finance is an aspect of film production that occurs during the development stage prior to pre-production, and is concerned with determining the potential value of a proposed film.", "Film finance __knowledge__ In the United States, the value is typically based on a forecast of revenues (generally 10 years for films and 20 years for television shows), beginning with theatrical release, and including DVD sales, and release to cable broadcast television networks both domestic and international and inflight airline licensing.", "Film finance __knowledge__ Film finance is a subset of project finance, meaning the film project's generated cash flows rather than external sources are used to repay investors.", "Private equity __knowledge__ Private equity typically refers to investment funds organized as limited partnerships that are not publicly traded and whose investors are typically large institutional investors, university endowments, or wealthy individuals.", "Private equity __knowledge__ Private equity firms are known for their extensive use of debt financing to purchase companies, which they restructure and attempt to resell for a higher value.", "Private equity __knowledge__ Debt financing reduces corporate taxation burdens and is one of the principal ways in which private equity firms make business more profitable for investors.", "Private equity __knowledge__ Private equity might also create value by overcoming agency costs and better aligning the incentives of corporate managers with those of their shareholders.", "Participants in the Madoff investment scandal __knowledge__ Investigators are looking for other participants in the Madoff investment scandal besides Bernard Madoff who were involved in the Madoff investment scheme, despite Madoff's assertion that he alone was responsible for the large-scale operation.", "Participants in the Madoff investment scandal __knowledge__ Harry Sussman, an attorney representing several clients of the firm, stated that \"someone had to create the appearance that there were returns,\" and further suggested that there must have been a team buying and selling stocks, forging books, and filing reports.", "Participants in the Madoff investment scandal __knowledge__ James Ratley, president of the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners said, “In order for him to have done this by himself, he would have had to have been at work night and day, no vacation and no time off.", "Market sentiment __knowledge__ Market sentiment (also investor attention) is the general prevailing attitude of investors as to anticipated price development in a market.", "Market sentiment __knowledge__ This attitude is the accumulation of a variety of fundamental and technical factors, including price history, economic reports, seasonal factors, and national and world events.", "Market sentiment __knowledge__ If investors expect upward price movement in the stock market, the sentiment is said to be bullish.", "Market sentiment __knowledge__ On the contrary, if the market sentiment is bearish, most investors expect downward price movement.", "Market sentiment __knowledge__ Market sentiment is usually considered as a contrarian indicator: what most people expect is a good thing to bet against.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "Silicon Investor __knowledge__ Silicon Investor is the first website that evaluated the stocks of high-tech companies.", "Silicon Investor __knowledge__ Silicon Investor is a social networking service and a tech stock oriented forum where registered members can submit posts and partake in discussions about the stock market, politics, and other topics of interest.", "Silicon Investor __knowledge__ It was founded by Jeff and Brad Dryer, two brothers from Kansas City on August 8, 1995.", "Silicon Investor __knowledge__ The company is currently owned and operated by Nevada based Knight Sac Media Holdings.", "Silicon Investor __knowledge__ Silicon Investor was launched on August 8, 1995, just a day before Netscape went public.", "Silicon Investor __knowledge__ It was founded in Cupertino, California." ] ]

[ 3, 1, 4 ]

[ "Do you like Arnold Schwarzenegger? He began weight training at age 15. ", "He's also an actor, producer, author, investor, politician, philanthropist, etc.!", "Yeah, he one the Mr. Universe title at age 20, and then won the Olympia contest seven times!" ]

[ "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "Arnold Schwarzenegger" ]

[ "Casino\nI like casinos but I have not visited any", "Really? I heard Vegas has the highest number of casinos in the world", "I don't like gambling either ", "True. Gambling is additive ", "You are correct. Casinos host concerts and boxing shows too " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos, also known as virtual casinos or Internet casinos, are online versions of traditional (\"brick and mortar\") casinos.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos enable gamblers to play and wager on casino games through the Internet.", "Online casino __knowledge__ It is a prolific form of online gambling.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos generally offer odds and payback percentages that are a bit higher than land-based casinos.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Some online casinos claim higher payback percentages for slot machine games, and some publish payout percentage audits on their websites.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Assuming that the online casino is using an appropriately programmed random number generator, table games like blackjack have an established house edge.", "Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Giannoulias __knowledge__ Empress Casino Joliet Corporation v. Giannoulias, 231 Ill.2d 62 (2008), is a case from Supreme Court of Illinois in which four casinos challenged a tax imposed by Public Act 94-804.", "Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Giannoulias __knowledge__ The Act was challenged on the grounds that it was an unconstitutional taking.", "Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Giannoulias __knowledge__ The Court held categorically that a tax could never be a taking within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.", "Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Giannoulias __knowledge__ Argosy Empress Casino; Harrah's Casino Cruises Joliet; Hollywood Casino-Aurora; and Elgin Riverboat Resort-Riverboat Casino Alexi Giannoulias, Treasurer of the State of Illinois Riverboat casinos were authorized in Illinois in 1990 under the \"Riverboat Gambling Act\".", "Slot machine __knowledge__ A slot machine (American English), informally fruit machine (British English), puggy (Scottish English slang), the slots (Canadian and American English), poker machine (or pokies in slang) (Australian English and New Zealand English) or simply slot (American English), is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed.", "Slot machine __knowledge__ Slot machines are also known as one-armed bandits because they were originally operated by one lever on the side of the machine as distinct from a button on the front panel and because of their ability to leave the player impoverished or in debt and because \"bandit\" can be a synonym for \"thief\" in modern usage.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ Gambling in the Philippines has been present since the sixteenth century, and is still prevalent in the country today.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ Currently, it takes on various legal and illegal forms found almost all over the archipelago.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ The government handles gambling through the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) which aims to regulate and operate games of chance, and to generate government funds, but there are also several other public and private agencies that handles specific forms of gambling.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ In particular, casino gambling under PAGCOR is essential to the country's tourism and revenue.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Philippines has more casinos than Macau, with twenty found in Metro Manila alone.", "Casino token __knowledge__ Casino token (also known as casino or gaming chips, checks, or cheques) are small discs used in lieu of currency in casinos.", "Casino token __knowledge__ Colored metal, injection-molded plastic or compression molded clay tokens of various denominations are used primarily in table games, as opposed to metal token coins, used primarily in slot machines.", "Casino token __knowledge__ Casino tokens are also widely used as play money in casual or tournament games.", "Casino token __knowledge__ Some casinos also use rectangular gaming plaques for high-stakes table games ($25,000 and above).", "Casino token __knowledge__ Plaques differ from chips in that they are larger, usually rectangular in shape and contain serial numbers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Slot machine __knowledge__ A slot machine (American English), informally fruit machine (British English), puggy (Scottish English slang), the slots (Canadian and American English), poker machine (or pokies in slang) (Australian English and New Zealand English) or simply slot (American English), is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed.", "Slot machine __knowledge__ Slot machines are also known as one-armed bandits because they were originally operated by one lever on the side of the machine as distinct from a button on the front panel and because of their ability to leave the player impoverished or in debt and because \"bandit\" can be a synonym for \"thief\" in modern usage.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The state's largest urban agglomeration, it is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise-Henderson, NV MSA.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Valley is largely defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a basin area surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east and west of the metropolitan area.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada: Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ Five unincorporated towns governed by the Clark County government are part of the Las Vegas Township and constitute the largest community in the state of Nevada.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas (, Spanish for \"The Meadows\"), officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas, is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas, Nevada, and the Las Vegas Valley.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1821 by Rafael Rivera, a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles, and stopped for water there on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ At that time, several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas; \"Las Vegas\" means the meadows in Spanish.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash, which runs to the Colorado River.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The prehistoric landscape of the Las Vegas Valley and most of Southern Nevada was once a marsh with water and vegetation.", "MGM Resorts International __knowledge__ MGM Resorts International is a global hospitality and entertainment company operating destination resorts in Las Vegas, Mississippi, New Jersey and Detroit, including Bellagio, MGM Grand, Mandalay Bay and The Mirage.", "MGM Resorts International __knowledge__ The company most recently opened MGM National Harbor in Maryland and is developing MGM Springfield in Massachusetts.", "MGM Resorts International __knowledge__ It has a majority interest in MGM China Holdings Limited, which owns the MGM Macau resort and casino and is developing a gaming resort in Cotai.", "MGM Resorts International __knowledge__ MGM Resorts owns 50 percent of CityCenter in Las Vegas, which features ARIA Resort & Casino.", "MGM Resorts International __knowledge__ It has a majority controlling interest in MGM Growth Properties, a real estate investment trust.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, various condominium projects have been proposed for the Las Vegas Valley.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Park Towers and Turnberry Place, two high-rise condominium properties located near the Las Vegas Strip, were completed in 2001; they subsequently inspired a condominium boom that started in 2003, when various developers began announcing projects that were planned throughout the Las Vegas Valley.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Many projects were ultimately cancelled because of a rise in construction costs, as well as a lack of skilled construction workers and contractors who were qualified to build high-rises; both reasons were attributed to the large number of projects being announced.", "Planet Hollywood Las Vegas __knowledge__ Planet Hollywood Las Vegas (formerly Aladdin) is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.", "Planet Hollywood Las Vegas __knowledge__ It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation.", "Planet Hollywood Las Vegas __knowledge__ Toy manufacturer Edwin S. Lowe originally opened the 450-room Tally Ho hotel on the property in 1963.", "Planet Hollywood Las Vegas __knowledge__ The Tally Ho was the only major hotel in Nevada to not include a casino; it closed at the end of the year and was sold to Kings Crown Inns of America, Incorporated, a hotel chain which reopened the property a month later as King's Crown Tally Ho.", "Planet Hollywood Las Vegas __knowledge__ The company added a casino and showroom but plans to open the casino were halted when the Nevada Gaming Control Board declined to issue a gambling license because of concerns about the resort being inadequately financed.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Las Vegas metropolitan area is home to many sports, most of which take place in the unincorporated communities around Las Vegas rather than in the city itself.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley has one major league professional team: the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL) who began play in 2017 as the region's first major pro team.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) will begin play in Las Vegas as the \"Las Vegas Raiders\" by 2020 and become the region's second major professional team.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ Las Vegas is also home to one minor league sports team: the Las Vegas 51s of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (Minor League Baseball).", "Las Vegas in the 1950s __knowledge__ Las Vegas in the 1950s was a time of considerable change.", "Las Vegas in the 1950s __knowledge__ By the 1950s, there were 44,600 living in the Las Vegas Valley.", "Las Vegas in the 1950s __knowledge__ Over 8 million people were visiting Las Vegas annually in 1954, pumping $200 million into casinos, which consolidated its image as \"wild, full of late-night, exotic entertainment\".", "Las Vegas in the 1950s __knowledge__ The population grew dramatically from 8,422 during World War II to over 45,000.", "Las Vegas in the 1950s __knowledge__ From 1952 to 1957, through money and institutional lending provided by the Teamsters Union and some Mormon bankers they built the Sahara, the Sands, the New Frontier, the Royal Nevada the Showboat, The Riviera, The Fremont, Binion's Horseshoe, and finally The Tropicana." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ In video games, skin gambling is the use of virtual goods, which are most commonly cosmetic elements such as \"skins\" which have no direct influence on gameplay, as virtual currency to bet on the outcome of professional matches or on other games of chance.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ It primarily has occurred within the player community for the game \"\" by Valve Corporation, but practice of it exists in other game communities.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ Valve also runs the Steam marketplace which can be interfaced by third-parties to enable trading, buying, and selling of skins from players' Steam inventories for real-world or digital currency, though Valve itself condemns the gambling practices and such activity violates Steam's Terms of Service.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Online gambling (or Internet gambling) includes poker, casinos and sports betting.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ The first online casino was in 1994.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Many countries restrict or ban online gambling, but it is legal in some provinces in Canada, most countries of the European Union and several nations in the Caribbean.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ In 1994, Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processing Act, allowing licences to be granted to organisations applying to open online casinos.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Before online casinos, the first fully functional gambling software was developed by Microgaming, an Isle of Man-based software company.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ This was secured with software developed by CryptoLogic, an online security software company.", "Loot box __knowledge__ In video games, a loot box (sometimes loot crate or prize crate, among other names) is a consumable virtual item which can be redeemed to receive a randomised selection of further virtual items, ranging from simple customization options for a player's avatar or character, to game-changing equipment such as weapons and armor.", "Loot box __knowledge__ A loot box is typically a form of monetisation, with players either buying the boxes directly or receiving the boxes during play and later buying \"keys\" with which to redeem them.", "Loot box __knowledge__ These systems may also be known as \"gacha\" (based on \"gashapon\" - capsule toys) and integrated into gacha games.", "Gambling __knowledge__ Gambling is the wagering of money or something of value (referred to as \"the stakes\") on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning money or material goods.", "Gambling __knowledge__ Gambling thus requires three elements be present: consideration, chance and prize.", "Gambling __knowledge__ The outcome of the wager is often immediate, such as a single roll of dice, a spin of a roulette wheel, or a horse crossing the finish line, but longer time frames are also common, allowing wagers on the outcome of a future sports contest or even an entire sports season.", "Gambling __knowledge__ The term \"gaming\" in this context typically refers to instances in which the activity has been specifically permitted by law.", "Problem gambling __knowledge__ Problem gambling (or ludomania, but usually referred to as \"gambling addiction\" or \"compulsive gambling\") is an urge to gamble continuously despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop.", "Problem gambling __knowledge__ Problem gambling is often defined by whether harm is experienced by the gambler or others, rather than by the gambler's behaviour.", "Problem gambling __knowledge__ Severe problem gambling may be diagnosed as clinical pathological gambling if the gambler meets certain criteria.", "Problem gambling __knowledge__ Pathological gambling is a common disorder that is associated with both social and family costs.", "Problem gambling __knowledge__ The \"DSM-5\" has re-classified the condition as an addictive disorder, with sufferers exhibiting many similarities to those who have substance addictions.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ Gambling is legally restricted in the United States, but its availability and participation is increasing.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ In 2008, gambling activities generated gross revenues (the difference between the total amounts wagered minus the funds or \"winnings\" returned to the players) of $92.27 billion in the United States.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ The American Gaming Association, an industry trade group, states that gaming in the US is a $240 billion industry, employing 1.7 million people in 40 states.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ In 2016, gaming taxes contributed $8.85 billion in state and local tax revenues.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ Critics of gambling argue it leads to increased political corruption, compulsive gambling and higher crime rates.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ Gambling in the Philippines has been present since the sixteenth century, and is still prevalent in the country today.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ Currently, it takes on various legal and illegal forms found almost all over the archipelago.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ The government handles gambling through the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) which aims to regulate and operate games of chance, and to generate government funds, but there are also several other public and private agencies that handles specific forms of gambling.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ In particular, casino gambling under PAGCOR is essential to the country's tourism and revenue.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Philippines has more casinos than Macau, with twenty found in Metro Manila alone.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The state's largest urban agglomeration, it is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise-Henderson, NV MSA.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Valley is largely defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a basin area surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east and west of the metropolitan area.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada: Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ Five unincorporated towns governed by the Clark County government are part of the Las Vegas Township and constitute the largest community in the state of Nevada.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas, Nevada, and the Las Vegas Valley.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1821 by Rafael Rivera, a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles, and stopped for water there on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ At that time, several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas; \"Las Vegas\" means the meadows in Spanish.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash, which runs to the Colorado River.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The prehistoric landscape of the Las Vegas Valley and most of Southern Nevada was once a marsh with water and vegetation.", "Las Vegas Strip __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of South Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos.", "Las Vegas Strip __knowledge__ The Strip is approximately in length, located immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester.", "Las Vegas Strip __knowledge__ However, the Strip is often referred to as being in Las Vegas.", "Las Vegas Strip __knowledge__ Many of the largest hotel, casino, and resort properties in the world are located on the Las Vegas Strip.", "Las Vegas Strip __knowledge__ The road's cityscape is highlighted by its use of contemporary architecture, lights and wide variety of attractions.", "Las Vegas Strip __knowledge__ Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Las Vegas Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the United States, and the world.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas (, Spanish for \"The Meadows\"), officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas, is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalks, and beaches.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 2010, it had a population of 39,558.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, West Atlantic City, and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Atlantic City inspired the American version of the board game \"Monopoly\", especially the street names.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 1976, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, various condominium projects have been proposed for the Las Vegas Valley.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Park Towers and Turnberry Place, two high-rise condominium properties located near the Las Vegas Strip, were completed in 2001; they subsequently inspired a condominium boom that started in 2003, when various developers began announcing projects that were planned throughout the Las Vegas Valley.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Many projects were ultimately cancelled because of a rise in construction costs, as well as a lack of skilled construction workers and contractors who were qualified to build high-rises; both reasons were attributed to the large number of projects being announced." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Additive synthesis __knowledge__ Additive synthesis is a sound synthesis technique that creates timbre by adding sine waves together.", "Additive synthesis __knowledge__ The timbre of musical instruments can be considered in the light of Fourier theory to consist of multiple harmonic or inharmonic \"partials\" or overtones.", "Additive synthesis __knowledge__ Each partial is a sine wave of different frequency and amplitude that swells and decays over time due to modulation from an ADSR envelope or low frequency oscillator.", "Additive synthesis __knowledge__ Additive synthesis most directly generates sound by adding the output of multiple sine wave generators.", "Additive synthesis __knowledge__ Alternative implementations may use pre-computed wavetables or the inverse Fast Fourier transform.", "3D printing __knowledge__ 3D printing refers to processes in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being fused together).", "3D printing __knowledge__ 3D printing is used in both rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing (AM).", "3D printing __knowledge__ Objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and typically are produced using digital model data from a 3D model or another electronic data source such as an Additive Manufacturing File (AMF) file (usually in sequential layers).", "3D printing __knowledge__ Stereolithography (STL) is one of the most common file types that is used for 3D printing.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Online gambling (or Internet gambling) includes poker, casinos and sports betting.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ The first online casino was in 1994.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Many countries restrict or ban online gambling, but it is legal in some provinces in Canada, most countries of the European Union and several nations in the Caribbean.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ In 1994, Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processing Act, allowing licences to be granted to organisations applying to open online casinos.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Before online casinos, the first fully functional gambling software was developed by Microgaming, an Isle of Man-based software company.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ This was secured with software developed by CryptoLogic, an online security software company.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ In video games, skin gambling is the use of virtual goods, which are most commonly cosmetic elements such as \"skins\" which have no direct influence on gameplay, as virtual currency to bet on the outcome of professional matches or on other games of chance.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ It primarily has occurred within the player community for the game \"\" by Valve Corporation, but practice of it exists in other game communities.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ Valve also runs the Steam marketplace which can be interfaced by third-parties to enable trading, buying, and selling of skins from players' Steam inventories for real-world or digital currency, though Valve itself condemns the gambling practices and such activity violates Steam's Terms of Service.", "Additive category __knowledge__ In mathematics, specifically in category theory, an additive category is a preadditive category C admitting all finitary biproducts.", "Additive category __knowledge__ A category C is preadditive if all its hom-sets are abelian groups and composition of morphisms is bilinear; in other words, C is enriched over the monoidal category of abelian groups.", "Additive category __knowledge__ In a preadditive category, every finitary product (including the empty product, i.e., a final object) is necessarily a coproduct (or initial object in the case of an empty diagram), and hence a biproduct, and conversely every finitary coproduct is necessarily a product (this is a consequence of the definition, not a part of it).", "Loot box __knowledge__ In video games, a loot box (sometimes loot crate or prize crate, among other names) is a consumable virtual item which can be redeemed to receive a randomised selection of further virtual items, ranging from simple customization options for a player's avatar or character, to game-changing equipment such as weapons and armor.", "Loot box __knowledge__ A loot box is typically a form of monetisation, with players either buying the boxes directly or receiving the boxes during play and later buying \"keys\" with which to redeem them.", "Loot box __knowledge__ These systems may also be known as \"gacha\" (based on \"gashapon\" - capsule toys) and integrated into gacha games.", "Functional additive models __knowledge__ Functional additive models (FAM) can be viewed as an extension of generalized functional linear model where the linearity assumption between the response (scalar or functional) and the functional linear predictor is replaced by an additivity assumption.", "Functional additive models __knowledge__ In these models, functional predictors (formula_1) are paired with responses (formula_2) that can be either scalar or functional.", "Functional additive models __knowledge__ The response can follow a continuous or discrete distribution and this distribution may be in the exponential family.", "Functional additive models __knowledge__ In the latter case, there would be a canonical link that connects predictors and responses.", "Functional additive models __knowledge__ Functional predictors (or responses) can be viewed as random trajectories generated by a square-integrable stochastic process.", "Gambling in New Jersey __knowledge__ Gambling in New Jersey includes casino gambling in Atlantic City, the New Jersey Lottery, horse racing, off-track betting, charity gambling, amusement games, and social gambling.", "Gambling in New Jersey __knowledge__ New Jersey's gambling laws are among the least restrictive in the United States; legal, in-state online gambling was instituted in New Jersey in November 2013, and the state is challenging Nevada's grandfathered federal statutory monopoly on legal sports betting.", "Gambling in New Jersey __knowledge__ Gambling has a long legacy in New Jersey, with the state historically being more permissive of gambling than most other states.", "Gambling in New Jersey __knowledge__ Until they were banned in 1844, lotteries were common in New Jersey.", "Steve Beshear __knowledge__ Steven Lynn Beshear (born September 21, 1944) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 61st governor of Kentucky from 2007 to 2015.", "Steve Beshear __knowledge__ He served in the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1974 to 1980, was the state's 44th Attorney General from 1980 to 1983, and was the 49th lieutenant governor from 1983 to 1987.", "Steve Beshear __knowledge__ After graduating from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1968, Beshear briefly practiced law in New York before returning to Kentucky and being elected to the state legislature, where he gained a reputation as a consumer advocate.", "Steve Beshear __knowledge__ He parlayed that reputation into a term as attorney general, serving under Governor John Y.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalks, and beaches.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 2010, it had a population of 39,558.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, West Atlantic City, and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Atlantic City inspired the American version of the board game \"Monopoly\", especially the street names.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 1976, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ Gambling is legally restricted in the United States, but its availability and participation is increasing.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ In 2008, gambling activities generated gross revenues (the difference between the total amounts wagered minus the funds or \"winnings\" returned to the players) of $92.27 billion in the United States.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ The American Gaming Association, an industry trade group, states that gaming in the US is a $240 billion industry, employing 1.7 million people in 40 states.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ In 2016, gaming taxes contributed $8.85 billion in state and local tax revenues.", "Gambling in the United States __knowledge__ Critics of gambling argue it leads to increased political corruption, compulsive gambling and higher crime rates.", "New Jersey casino expansion amendment (2016) __knowledge__ The New Jersey casino expansion amendment (2016) was a proposed constitutional amendment in New Jersey that would have allowed casino gambling outside of Atlantic City.", "New Jersey casino expansion amendment (2016) __knowledge__ The ballot question reads: \"Do you approve amending the Constitution to permit casino gambling in two additional counties in this State?", "New Jersey casino expansion amendment (2016) __knowledge__ At present, casino gambling is allowed only in Atlantic City in Atlantic County.", "New Jersey casino expansion amendment (2016) __knowledge__ Only one casino in each of the two counties would be permitted.", "New Jersey casino expansion amendment (2016) __knowledge__ Each casino is to be located in a town that is at least 72 miles from Atlantic City.", "New Jersey casino expansion amendment (2016) __knowledge__ The amendment would allow certain persons to apply first for a casino license.\"", "Edwin Edwards __knowledge__ Edwin Washington Edwards (born August 7, 1927) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the U.S. Representative for from 1965 to 1972 and as the 50th Governor of Louisiana for four terms (1972–1980, 1984–1988 and 1992–1996), twice as many elected terms as any other Louisiana chief executive.", "Edwin Edwards __knowledge__ He served a total of 16 years in office, the sixth-longest serving gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history at 5,784 days.", "Edwin Edwards __knowledge__ A colorful, powerful and legendary figure in Louisiana politics, Edwards, who has been dubbed the \"very last of the line of New Deal Southern Democrats\", was long dogged by charges of corruption." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Duke Out of the Blue __knowledge__ Duke Out of the Blue is Duke University's oldest and most award-winning all-female a cappella group.", "Duke Out of the Blue __knowledge__ Since 1980, they have performed in Carnegie Hall, toured Club Med, performed live on Turkish television, competed in SoJam, sung the national anthem at countless Duke Blue Devils Men's Basketball games, and entertained audiences at local, out-of-state, and overseas venues.", "Duke Out of the Blue __knowledge__ Out of the Blue (OOTB) has appeared on multiple BOCA (Best of Collegiate A Cappella) CDs and is consistently recognized and awarded by the Contemporary A Cappella Society (CASA).", "Duke Out of the Blue __knowledge__ OOTB has had the opportunity to collaborate with talented student groups on campus to create two music videos to our covers of Drumming Song and Youth.", "J. Russell Peltz __knowledge__ J Russell Peltz (born December 9, 1946) is an American boxing promoter.", "J. Russell Peltz __knowledge__ A member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame, Peltz is best known for his fight promotions at the Arena, Spectrum, Blue Horizon, several Atlantic City casinos and currently at the 2300 Arena in South Philadelphia and the PARX Casino in Bensalem, PA. Peltz became a boxing fan at age 12 and saw his first live fight at 13.", "J. Russell Peltz __knowledge__ In college, he was the Outstanding Male Journalism Graduate at Temple University in 1968.", "J. Russell Peltz __knowledge__ After a brief newspaper career at The Evening Bulletin, he began a boxing promoting career in Philadelphia on September 30, 1969, with a main event at the Blue Horizon featuring Bennie Briscoe vs. Tito Marshall.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalks, and beaches.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 2010, it had a population of 39,558.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, West Atlantic City, and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Atlantic City inspired the American version of the board game \"Monopoly\", especially the street names.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 1976, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City.", "Hazard's Pavilion __knowledge__ Hazard's Pavilion was a large auditorium in Los Angeles, California, located at the intersection of Fifth and Olive Streets.", "Hazard's Pavilion __knowledge__ Showman George \"Roundhouse\" Lehman had planned to construct a large theatre center on the land he purchased at this location, but he went broke and the property was sold to the City Attorney (and soon to be Mayor), Henry T. Hazard.", "Hazard's Pavilion __knowledge__ The venue was built in 1887 by architects Kysor, Morgan & Walls at a cost of $25,000, a large amount for the time, and seated up to 4,000 people (some sources say that seating could be up to 8,000; the building was divided into two galleries, and perhaps \"each\" accommodated 4,000).", "ITV Sport __knowledge__ ITV Sport is a sport producer for ITV.", "ITV Sport __knowledge__ It was formed following the merger between Granada Sport and Carlton Sport.", "ITV Sport __knowledge__ The majority of ITV Sport programmes are broadcast on ITV4 although live football, major horse racing events, the Rugby World Cup and the French Open Tennis finals are shown on the ITV Network (ITV, STV and UTV).", "ITV Sport __knowledge__ The controller of ITV Sport is Niall Sloane, who reports to ITV's director of news, current affairs and sport Michael Jermey.", "ITV Sport __knowledge__ ITV Sport was created as an umbrella brand for sport programmes on ITV Network, No programmes were actually produced by ITV Sport during this time, but rather the 15 ITV companies each produced sports shows for the umbrella brand, such as World of Sport by LWT and Thames.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos, also known as virtual casinos or Internet casinos, are online versions of traditional (\"brick and mortar\") casinos.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos enable gamblers to play and wager on casino games through the Internet.", "Online casino __knowledge__ It is a prolific form of online gambling.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos generally offer odds and payback percentages that are a bit higher than land-based casinos.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Some online casinos claim higher payback percentages for slot machine games, and some publish payout percentage audits on their websites.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Assuming that the online casino is using an appropriately programmed random number generator, table games like blackjack have an established house edge.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience's attention.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Although people's attention is held by different things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment, most forms are recognisable and familiar.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The Beacham Theatre is a cinema built in 1921 by Braxton Beacham Sr. in the city of Orlando, Florida.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The current address of the theater is 46 North Orange Avenue, and it is located at the southwest corner of Orange Avenue and Washington Street.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The building's current lack of impressive architecture is offset by its significant cultural history.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The Beacham Theatre was considered an important contributing structure when the Downtown Orlando historic district was created in 1980 and the building was granted local landmark status in 1987.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The Beacham was once part of the vaudeville circuit and hosted celebrity acts such as John Phillip Sousa, the Ziegfeld Follies and W.C. Fields, whose signature was once visible inside a dressing room." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 5, 9 ]

[ "I'm not really into gambling but i went to a casino in Las Vegas one time", "definitely! There are so many casinos all over Las Vegas especially on the Strip. Casinos are usually built next to hotels, restaurants, cruise ships and other tourist attractions", "there is actually much debate over whether the social and economic consiquences of casino gambling outweight the initial revenue ", "some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment. you know, like concerts or stand-up comedy", "funny but the word casino in Italian means brothel" ]

[ "Casino", "Casino", "Casino", "Casino", "Casino" ]

[ "Cat\nI love cats. I have one at home!", "They are! Some of them can be jerks, but I love that they can be so loving!", "Do you live in Florida by chance? Our cat does the same! haha!", "My cat climbs the tree next to our house and jumps on our roof. She likes to hang out there, especially at night.", "I have no idea. But cats are probably one of the most mysterious creatures out there!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "The Love Cats (song) __knowledge__ \"The Love Cats\" (sometimes rendered as \"The Lovecats\") is a song by English rock band The Cure, released as a stand-alone single in October 1983.", "The Love Cats (song) __knowledge__ It was the band's first Top 10 hit in the UK, peaking at number 7.", "The Love Cats (song) __knowledge__ It also reached number 6 on the Australian chart in early 1984.", "The Love Cats (song) __knowledge__ The single later appeared on the compilation album \"Japanese Whispers\", released in December 1983.", "The Love Cats (song) __knowledge__ At the time the song was written, Robert Smith was very interested in the work of Australian author Patrick White.", "The Love Cats (song) __knowledge__ According to a number of his fans, Smith was inspired to write \"The Love Cats\" after reading White's novel \"The Vivisector\" (1970), although this claim is difficult to verify.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "I Miss You (Blink-182 song) __knowledge__ \"I Miss You\" is a song by American rock band Blink-182, released on February 2, 2004 as the second single from the group's fifth studio album, \"Blink-182\" (2003).", "I Miss You (Blink-182 song) __knowledge__ Co-written by guitarist Tom DeLonge and bassist Mark Hoppus, they employed a method of writing separately and bringing their two verses together later.", "I Miss You (Blink-182 song) __knowledge__ The song, produced entirely acoustic, features an acoustic electric bass, a cello, and a brushstroked drum loop.", "I Miss You (Blink-182 song) __knowledge__ The song was inspired by The Cure song \"The Love Cats\" and contains references to \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" (1993).", "I Miss You (Blink-182 song) __knowledge__ The song peaked at number one on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart and peaked at number 42 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "The Cure __knowledge__ The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976.", "The Cure __knowledge__ The band has experienced several line-up changes, with vocalist, guitarist, and principal songwriter Robert Smith being the only constant member.", "The Cure __knowledge__ Their debut single \"Killing an Arab\" (1978) and debut album \"Three Imaginary Boys\" (1979) were important records in the development of the post-punk and new wave movements that developed in the wake of the punk rock scene in the United Kingdom.", "The Cure __knowledge__ During the early 1980s, the band's increasingly dark and tormented music (as well as Smith's unique stage look) was a staple of the emerging style of music known as gothic rock.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ Warriors is a series of novels published by HarperCollins; it is written by authors Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, Tui Sutherland, with the plot developed by editor Victoria Holmes, who collectively use the pseudonym Erin Hunter.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of four Clans of wild cats—ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, and RiverClan —in their forest and lake homes, who look up to StarClan, their warriors ancestors, and spirits in the stars, who guide the four clans.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ SkyClan, the long-forgotten fifth Clan of the forest, is later introduced in the stand-alone novel \"Firestar's Quest\".", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ It receives additional focus in the novel \"SkyClan's Destiny\", the manga trilogy \"SkyClan and the Stranger\", and the 2013 novella \"Cloudstar's Journey\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "Circle Jerks __knowledge__ Circle Jerks (stylized as Ciʀcle Jʀᴋs) were an American hardcore punk band, formed in 1979 in Los Angeles, California.", "Circle Jerks __knowledge__ The group was founded by former Black Flag vocalist Keith Morris and Redd Kross guitarist Greg Hetson.", "Circle Jerks __knowledge__ They were among the preeminent hardcore punk bands of the LA scene in the late 1970s.", "Circle Jerks __knowledge__ The band broke up and re-formed three times, sometimes with different bassists and/or drummers.", "Circle Jerks __knowledge__ They disbanded for the first time after the release of their fifth album, 1987's \"VI\", as Hetson decided to continue touring and releasing albums with Bad Religion.", "Circle Jerks __knowledge__ They reunited around 1994 and recorded a reunion album, \"Oddities, Abnormalities and Curiosities\", during the following year, followed by a tour.", "Loving (2016 film) __knowledge__ Loving is a 2016 British-American historical drama film which tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving, the plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision \"Loving v. Virginia\", which invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage.", "Loving (2016 film) __knowledge__ The film was produced by Big Beach and Raindog Films, and distributed by Focus Features.", "Loving (2016 film) __knowledge__ The film takes inspiration from \"The Loving Story\" (2011) by Nancy Buirski, a documentary which follows the Lovings and their landmark case.", "Loving (2016 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Jeff Nichols, who also wrote the screenplay.", "Loving (2016 film) __knowledge__ Ruth Negga and Joel Edgerton co-star as Mildred and Richard Loving.", "Myoclonus __knowledge__ Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary of a muscle or a group of muscles.", "Myoclonus __knowledge__ It describes a medical sign and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease.", "Myoclonus __knowledge__ These myoclonic twitches, jerks, or seizures are usually caused by sudden muscle contractions (\"positive myoclonus\") or brief lapses of contraction (\"negative myoclonus\").", "Myoclonus __knowledge__ The most common circumstance under which they occur is while falling asleep (hypnic jerk).", "Myoclonus __knowledge__ Myoclonic jerks occur in healthy persons and are experienced occasionally by everyone.", "Myoclonus __knowledge__ However, when they appear with more persistence and become more widespread they can be a sign of various neurological disorders.", "Love __knowledge__ Love encompasses a variety of different emotional and mental states, typically strongly and positively experienced, ranging from the deepest interpersonal affection to the simplest pleasure.", "Love __knowledge__ An example of this range of meanings is that the love of a mother differs from the love of a spouse differs from the love of food.", "Love __knowledge__ Most commonly, love refers to a feeling of strong attraction and emotional attachment.", "Love __knowledge__ Love can also be a virtue representing human kindness, compassion, and affection—\"the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another\".", "Love __knowledge__ It may also describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans, one's self or animals.", "Circle Jerks discography __knowledge__ This is a comprehensive discography of the Circle Jerks, a California-based punk rock band.", "Circle Jerks discography __knowledge__ They have released six studio albums, one live album, one compilation album, and one video album.", "Circle Jerks discography __knowledge__ The Circle Jerks were formed in Southern California in 1979, and originally comprised Keith Morris on vocals, Greg Hetson on guitar, Roger Rogerson on bass and Lucky Lehrer on drums.", "Circle Jerks discography __knowledge__ Their debut album, \"Group Sex\" was released in 1980 on the Frontier Records label; its 14 songs totaled out at 15 minutes.", "Circle Jerks discography __knowledge__ It featured two songs that Morris had written while in Black Flag (Black Flag claimed the songs were \"theirs\") and one song Hetson wrote for his previous band, Redd Kross.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Walter Loving __knowledge__ Walter Howard Loving (December 17, 1872 – 1945) was an African American soldier and musician most noted for his leadership of the Philippine Constabulary Band.", "Walter Loving __knowledge__ The son of a former slave, Loving led the band during the 1909 U.S. presidential inaugural parade, where it formed the official musical escort to the President of the United States, the first time a band other than the U.S. Marine Band had been assigned that duty.", "Walter Loving __knowledge__ Loving is believed to have been the first African American to conduct a musical performance in the White House.", "Walter Loving __knowledge__ In addition to his long career in military music, Loving also worked with the U.S. Army's intelligence division during World War I, and, in private life, as a real estate investor in the San Francisco Bay area.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ This is a list of creatures in the fictional \"Star Wars\" universe.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ To be listed here, creatures must be noted in multiple canonical sources.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ An Acklay is a large non-Sentient creature resembling an Earth's praying mantis.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is a Crustacean.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is equipped with three eyes and six legs with four digits each, the fourth of which terminates in an elongated scythe-like claw and a crest to protect it from air attack.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ As a carnivore, it possesses a mouth full of long, sharp teeth that it uses for catching fish.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It originated on Vendaxa, but has since adapted to other environments such as Felucia and Geonosis.", "Furry fandom __knowledge__ The furry fandom is a subculture interested in fictional anthropomorphic animal characters with human personalities and characteristics.", "Furry fandom __knowledge__ Examples of anthropomorphic attributes include exhibiting human intelligence and facial expressions, the ability to speak, walk on two legs, and wear clothes.", "Furry fandom __knowledge__ Furry fandom is also used to refer to the community of people who gather on the Internet and at furry conventions.", "Furry fandom __knowledge__ According to fandom historian Fred Patten, the concept of \"furry\" originated at a science fiction convention in 1980, when a character drawing from Steve Gallacci’s \"Albedo Anthropomorphics\" started a discussion of anthropomorphic characters in science fiction novels.", "Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ This is a list of places featured in Douglas Adams's science fiction series, \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\".", "Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ The series is set in a fictionalized version of the Milky Way galaxy and thus, while most locations are pure invention, many are based on \"real world\" settings such as Alpha Centauri, Barnard's Star and various versions of the Earth.", "Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ \"The Galaxy\" is our home galaxy, the Milky Way, though it is referred to exclusively as \"the Galaxy\" in the series.", "Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ Apart from a very brief moment during the first radio series, when the main characters were transported outside the galactic plane into a battle with Haggunenons, and a moment when one of Arthur's careless remarks is sent inadvertently through a wormhole into \"a distant galaxy\", the Galaxy provides the setting for the entire series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "The Trouble with Tribbles __knowledge__ \"The Trouble with Tribbles\" is the 44th episode of the American science fiction television series, \"\", the 15th episode of the .", "The Trouble with Tribbles __knowledge__ It was first broadcast in the United States on December 29, 1967, on NBC.", "The Trouble with Tribbles __knowledge__ The episode was the first professional work of writer David Gerrold, and went through a variety of drafts before it reached the screen.", "The Trouble with Tribbles __knowledge__ Because his typewriter used a less common, smaller size font, an approved version needed to be reduced by twenty pages before filming.", "The Trouble with Tribbles __knowledge__ Nichelle Nichols remarked that she had \"never seen a script go through so many changes—and stay so much the same\".", "The Trouble with Tribbles __knowledge__ \"The Trouble with Tribbles\" was directed by Joseph Pevney, who was one of the most prolific directors of the series.", "Leven Thumps __knowledge__ Leven Thumps is a series of children's fantasy novels by Obert Skye.", "Leven Thumps __knowledge__ The series, which has five books, deals with an orphaned 14-year-old boy, Leven Thumps, who becomes involved in a battle between good and evil.", "Leven Thumps __knowledge__ The five books in the series are titled \"Leven Thumps and the Gateway to Foo\" (2005), \"Leven Thumps and the Whispered Secret\" (2006), \"Leven Thumps and the Eyes of The Want\" (2007), \"Leven Thumps and the Wrath of Ezra (2008)\", and \"Leven Thumps and the Ruins of Alder (2009)\".", "Leven Thumps __knowledge__ These books were originally published by Shadow Mountain Publishing.", "Leven Thumps __knowledge__ \"Leven Thumps and the Gateway to Foo\" won the Benjamin Franklin award from the Independent Book Publishers Association in 2006.", "Mars Needs Moms __knowledge__ Mars Needs Moms is a 2011 American 3D computer-animated science fiction adventure family film based on the Berkeley Breathed book of the same title.", "Mars Needs Moms __knowledge__ The film is centered on Milo, a nine-year-old boy who finally comes to understand the importance of family, and has to rescue his mother after she is abducted by Martians.", "Mars Needs Moms __knowledge__ It was co-written and directed by Simon Wells.", "Mars Needs Moms __knowledge__ It was released to theaters on March 11, 2011 by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Mars Needs Moms __knowledge__ The film stars both Seth Green (motion capture) and newcomer Seth Dusky (voice) as Milo.", "Mars Needs Moms __knowledge__ This was the last film by ImageMovers Digital before it was absorbed back into ImageMovers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ Drug War () is a Chinese-Hong Kong crime thriller film directed and produced by Johnnie To.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Sun Honglei as Police Captain Zhang, who partners with a drug lord named Timmy Choi (Louis Koo) after Choi is arrested.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ To avoid the death penalty, Choi agrees to reveal information about his partners' methamphetamine ring.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ Zhang starts to harbor doubts about Choi's honesty as the police begin to take on the drug ring.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ The film premiered at the Rome Film Festival on November 15, 2012.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ It has received positive reviews.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ Fleeing from an explosion at his drug production facility, Choi crashes his car into a restaurant and as he revives he is captured by Captain Zhang Lei.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Running Man Brothers is a South Korean pop duo, which is named after the South Korean television show \"Running Man\".", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ The group is composed of cast members Kim Jong-kook and Haha and was formed in 2014.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Kim and Haha are regular cast members on the variety show \"Running Man\", which started airing in 2010, and they have been called it's favorite \"duo.\"", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Although Yoo Jae-suk is the star of the show, Kim and Haha have been written of as the \"spice\" of the show, with references to Kim's \"boyish likeability, upbeat personality and masculinity\" and Haha for \"his insatiable sense of humor and free spirit,\" and together are called \"the musical duo.\"", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 119th overall season, 80th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 22nd within the SEC Western Division.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his seventh year, and played its home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of eleven wins and two losses (11–2 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and with a loss in the 2014 Sugar Bowl to Oklahoma.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ Haha Sound is the second studio album by British indie electronic band Broadcast.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ It was released on 11 August 2003 by Warp Records.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ \"Haha Sound\" was released to critical acclaim and became their first charting album in the United States, reaching the top ten of the Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ Online music magazine \"Pitchfork\" placed \"Haha Sound\" at number 121 on their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ In November 2007, \"Haha Sound\" was listed as one of \"The Guardian\"s \"1000 Albums to Listen to Before You Die\".", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ In his review for \"Jockey Slut\", Paul Clarke called the album \"a dizzying ride\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "List of ThunderCats characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in the American animated series \"ThunderCats\", its 2011 reboot, and its related media.", "List of ThunderCats characters __knowledge__ Jaga (voiced by Earl Hammond in the original series, Corey Burton in the 2011 series) is also known as \"Jaga the Wise\" and is based on the jaguar.", "List of ThunderCats characters __knowledge__ This elder warrior was once regarded as the greatest of all Thundercats by Lion-O himself.", "List of ThunderCats characters __knowledge__ In his youth, Jaga was the Lord of the Thundercats, and rescued a young Hachiman from being trapped in the Jade Dragon (which later became a part of the Treasure of Thundera).", "List of ThunderCats characters __knowledge__ An adviser and protector of the Lord's family, Jaga wielded the \"Sword of Omens\" and was a formidable fighter in combat.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ This is a list reptiles in Guatemala, including snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and turtles.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ Guatemala has a large variety of habitats, from tropical rain forests, dry thorn scrubs, cloud forests, coastal marshes, pine forests, mountains and lowlands.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ This vast contrast in biomes makes Guatemala home to a large variety of herpetofauna.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ These include approximately 240 species of reptiles, subdivided in 3 orders and 29 families.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ Order: Testudines.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ Family: Cheloniidae Sea turtles (Cheloniidae) are a family of large tortoises found in all tropical seas and some subtropical and temperate seas.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ Sea turtles evolved from land turtles about 120 million years ago and are well adapted to life in the sea.", "Emor __knowledge__ Emor ( — Hebrew for \"speak,\" the fifth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 31st weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the eighth in the Book of Leviticus.", "Emor __knowledge__ The parashah describes purity rules for priests (, \"Kohanim\"), recounts the holy days, describes the preparations for the lights and bread in the sanctuary, and tells the story of a blasphemer and his punishment.", "Emor __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes It has the most verses (although not the most letters or words) of any of the weekly Torah portions in the Book of Leviticus, and is made up of 6,106 Hebrew letters, 1,614 Hebrew words, and 124 verses and can occupy about 215 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "Cannery Rodent __knowledge__ Cannery Rodent is a 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoon produced, written and directed by Chuck Jones.", "Cannery Rodent __knowledge__ It was the final Tom and Jerry cartoon written and directed by Chuck Jones, and one of the very last of the theatrical Tom and Jerry cartoons to be released by MGM.", "Cannery Rodent __knowledge__ The title, \"Cannery Rodent\" is a play-on-words of the John Steinbeck novel \"Cannery Row\".", "Cannery Rodent __knowledge__ Tom chases Jerry onto a dock, and as they soon both end up in a can factory, they turn into cans during the opening credits.", "Cannery Rodent __knowledge__ After they come out in cans (one reads \"Tom\" and the other reads \"Jerry\"), Tom cuts the top with his claw and releases himself.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ The series centers on Tori Vega, a student of Hollywood Arts High School, who gets into wacky screwball situations on a daily basis.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori Vega (Victoria Justice) is the younger sister of Trina Vega and attends Hollywood Arts, a performing arts high school, along with her sister.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ When Trina experiences an allergic reaction to a Chinese herb before a big showcase at school, Tori is volunteered by Andre to take her place since she knew the piece meant to be played.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori performs \"Make it Shine\" (the \"Victorious\" theme song) and everyone is impressed with her performance, including the principal, who offers her enrollment to the school.", "Batak __knowledge__ Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia who speak Batak languages.", "Batak __knowledge__ The term is used to include the Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Angkola, and Mandailing which are related groups with distinct languages and customs (\"adat\").", "Batak __knowledge__ Linguistic and archaeological evidence indicates that Austronesian speakers first reached Sumatra from Taiwan and the Philippines through Borneo or Java about 2,500 years ago, and the Batak probably descended from these settlers.", "Batak __knowledge__ While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies to the existence of neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "They (2002 film) __knowledge__ They (also known as Wes Craven Presents: They) is a 2002 American supernatural horror film directed by Robert Harmon.", "They (2002 film) __knowledge__ A group of four adults experience night terrors and attempt to deal with the fallout from their prior childhood experiences.", "They (2002 film) __knowledge__ The film was produced by Ted Field and Tom Engleman; Wes Craven served as executive producer.", "They (2002 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Laura Regan, Ethan Embry, Dagmara Dominczyk, Jay Brazeau, and Marc Blucas.", "They (2002 film) __knowledge__ The title refers to ambiguous origins of the antagonists.", "They (2002 film) __knowledge__ In 1983, a young boy named Billy Parks (Alexander Gould) is frightened and has difficulty falling asleep after waking up from a nightmare.", "Mezame No Hakobune __knowledge__ , aka Open Your Mind (international title), is a 2005 three-act musical drama presented on a multidisplay IMAX-like theme theater mixing CG-animated video with live-action footage directed by Japanese filmmaker Mamoru Oshii.", "Mezame No Hakobune __knowledge__ An OVA compilation version, renamed Open Your Mind: Special Edition, was available in limited quantities only at the Aichi Expo souvenir shop until it was re-released at the end of the expo as a \"Complete Edition\" which included a \"Making of\" bonus DVD and a color booklet.", "Mezame No Hakobune __knowledge__ \"Open Your Mind\" was created for the World Exposition 2005's (\" Expo 2005 Aichi Japan\") \"Mountain of Dreams\" (, \"Yume miru yama\") pavilion.", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ The Land of Gorch was a recurring skit that appeared in season one of the American comedy television program \"Saturday Night Live,\" featuring Jim Henson's Muppets.", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ Prior to his work for children on \"Sesame Street\", Henson had created puppetry work, including his show \"Sam and Friends\", for adult audiences.", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ His characters appeared regularly on the late-night comedy television programs, and \"The Ed Sullivan Show\".", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ After \"Sesame Street\", Henson feared he would become typecast into working on children's television series.", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ His talent agent Bernie Brillstein, who represented Gilda Radner, Dan Aykroyd, and John Belushi, helped him transition to \"Saturday Night Live\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010 film) __knowledge__ Don't Be Afraid of the Dark is a 2010 dark fantasy horror film written by Matthew Robbins and Guillermo del Toro and directed by comic book artist Troy Nixey.", "Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010 film) __knowledge__ An international co-production between the United States, Australia, and Mexico, it was filmed at the Drusilla Mansion in Mount Macedon, Victoria and Melbourne, Australia.", "Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Katie Holmes, Guy Pearce, and Bailee Madison, as a family moving into a 19th-century Rhode Island mansion, where the withdrawn daughter (Madison) begins to witness malevolent creatures that emerge from a sealed ash pit in the basement of the house.", "Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010 film) __knowledge__ It is a remake of the 1973 ABC made-for-television horror film of the same name.", "Greco guitars __knowledge__ Greco (Japanese: グレコ \"Gureko\") is a brand of electric guitars produced by Kanda Shokai 神田商会.", "Greco guitars __knowledge__ Kanda Shokai (Shokai means trading company) is a musical instrument wholesaler mostly known for being part of Fender Japan.", "Greco guitars __knowledge__ Kanda Shokai was established in 1948 and the Greco brand name was started in 1960.", "Greco guitars __knowledge__ In the early 1970s Kanda Shokai marketed Greco Gibson-like models, but with bolt-on necks rather than the set necks of genuine Gibson guitars.", "Greco guitars __knowledge__ These were very similar to the Ibanez Gibson-like models available at that time and most of these models had a Greco logo that looked more like \"Gneco\".", "Greco guitars __knowledge__ By the mid/late 1970s most Greco Gibson-like models were being made with set necks and open book Gibson headstock designs.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Mercury Villager __knowledge__ The Mercury Villager is a minivan manufactured by Nissan and marketed by Ford's Mercury subdivision for the model years 1993–2002, across a single generation.", "Mercury Villager __knowledge__ Internally designated as model \"VX54\", the Villager was a rebadged variant of the Nissan Quest—a product of a joint venture between Ford and Nissan, manufactured at Ford's Ohio Assembly plant in Avon Lake, Ohio.", "Mercury Villager __knowledge__ Noted for its innovative seating configurations, the Villager featured a folding, removable, middle seat (or two buckets) along with a non-removable, fold-and-slide track-mounted rear seat.", "Mercury Villager __knowledge__ The arrangement enabled the rear seat to slide forward to the middle position for five-passenger seating, or completely forward against the front seats for a larger cargo volume.", "Pepe Deluxé __knowledge__ Pepe Deluxé is a Finnish electronic music oriented band, formed in 1996 by DJ Slow (Vellu Maurola) JA-Jazz (Tomi Castrén, formerly Paajanen) and James Spectrum (Jari Salo) in Helsinki, Finland.", "Pepe Deluxé __knowledge__ They started to experiment with sounds of hip hop, big beat, breakbeat and downtempo.", "Pepe Deluxé __knowledge__ With the 2007 release Spare Time Machine the band gave up on sampling and concentrated on vintage music styles including Psychedelia, Baroque Pop and Surf Rock.", "Pepe Deluxé __knowledge__ DJ Slow departed the band in 2001 to pursue solo projects.", "Pepe Deluxé __knowledge__ JA-Jazz has been off-duty since 2008.", "Pepe Deluxé __knowledge__ Multi-instrumentalist Paul Malmström became official member of the band in 2008.", "Chilling requirement __knowledge__ The chilling requirement of a fruit is the minimum period of cold weather after which a fruit-bearing tree will blossom.", "Chilling requirement __knowledge__ It is often expressed in chill hours, which can be calculated in different ways, all of which essentially involve adding up the total amount of time in a winter spent at certain temperatures.", "Chilling requirement __knowledge__ Some bulbs have chilling requirements to bloom, and some seeds have chilling requirements to sprout.", "Chilling requirement __knowledge__ Biologically, the chilling requirement is a way of ensuring that vernalization occurs.", "Chilling requirement __knowledge__ Chilling unit in agriculture is a metric of a plant's exposure to chilling temperatures.", "Chilling requirement __knowledge__ Chilling temperatures extend from freezing point to, depending on the model, or even .", "East Coast Super Sound Punk of Today! __knowledge__ East Coast Super Sound Punk of Today!", "East Coast Super Sound Punk of Today! __knowledge__ is a compilation album by The World/Inferno Friendship Society.", "East Coast Super Sound Punk of Today! __knowledge__ It features all but one of the songs from their first four singles plus one previously unreleased track.", "East Coast Super Sound Punk of Today! __knowledge__ The missing song is \"Nothing You Begin\" from the \"Tattoos Fade\" single." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 6, 7, 4 ]

[ "I love them too. They are such small and furry creatures. I especially like that they are personable. ", "Yea. Another cool thing they do is eat all the lizards around my house. Very purposeful!", "As a matter of fact I do. Besides eating lizards, my cat likes to jump on high shelfs. I find it interesting how my cat really has a beneficial sense to it.", "I can believe that. I wonder what they listen to while there chilling up there with their super sound sense. ", "Agreed! and to think that there are over seventy different breeds." ]

[ "Cat", "Cat", "Cat", "Cat", "Cat" ]

[ "Piano", "Yea the piano looks really hard to play. Are there different types?", "How many keys are on a typical piano?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Excalibur Almaz __knowledge__ Excalibur Almaz is a private spaceflight company which plans to provide a variety of deep space crewed exploration missions, micro-gravity science, and payload delivery.", "Excalibur Almaz __knowledge__ EA also aims to offer Low Earth Orbit cargo and crew delivery and return.", "Excalibur Almaz __knowledge__ According to a 2012 interview with Art Dula, the chairman of Excalibur Almaz, the Excalibur Almaz capsule was supposedly at a \"very high level of technical readiness\" and could be flown within two to three years.", "Excalibur Almaz __knowledge__ The main issue of the first manned flight of the Excalibur Almaz capsule is regulatory, according to Dula, as the VA capsule had already completed nine unmanned test flights during the Almaz program, all of which were successful.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Almaz __knowledge__ The Almaz (, \"Diamond\") program was a highly secretive Soviet military space station program, begun in the early 1960s.", "Almaz __knowledge__ Three crewed military reconnaissance stations were launched between 1973 and 1976: Salyut 2, Salyut 3 and Salyut 5.", "Almaz __knowledge__ To cover the military nature of the program the three launched Almaz stations were designated as civilian Salyut space stations.", "Almaz __knowledge__ Salyut 2 failed shortly after achieving orbit, but Salyut 3 and Salyut 5 both conducted successful manned testing.", "Almaz __knowledge__ Following Salyut 5, the Soviet Ministry of Defence judged in 1978 that the time consumed by station maintenance outweighed the benefits relative to automatic reconnaissance satellites.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Tropic Thunder __knowledge__ Tropic Thunder is a 2008 black satirical action comedy film directed by Ben Stiller, who stars with Jack Black and Robert Downey Jr. as a group of prima donna actors who are making a fictional Vietnam War film.", "Tropic Thunder __knowledge__ When their frustrated director drops them in the middle of a jungle, they are forced to rely on their acting skills to survive the real action and danger.", "Tropic Thunder __knowledge__ The screenplay by Justin Theroux, Stiller, and Etan Cohen was from a story by Stiller and Theroux.", "Tropic Thunder __knowledge__ The film was produced by Stuart Cornfeld, Stiller and Eric McLeod for Red Hour Productions and DreamWorks Pictures as an international co-production between the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ A bass amplifier or \"bass amp\" is a musical instrument electronic device that uses electrical power to make lower-pitched instruments such as the bass guitar or double bass loud enough to be heard by the performers and audience.", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ Bass amps typically consist of a preamplifier, tone controls, a power amplifier and one or more loudspeakers (\"drivers\") in a cabinet.", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ While bass amps share many features with the guitar amplifiers used for electric guitar, such as providing an amplifier with tone and volume controls and a carrying handle, they are distinct from other types of amplification systems, due to the particular challenges associated with low-frequency sound reproduction.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ An electric piano is an electric musical instrument which produces sounds when a performer presses the keys of the piano-style musical keyboard.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ Pressing keys causes mechanical hammers to strike metal strings, metal reeds or wire tines, leading to vibrations which are converted into electrical signals by magnetic pickups, which are then connected to an instrument amplifier and loudspeaker to make a sound loud enough for the performer and audience to hear.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ Unlike a synthesizer, the electric piano is not an electronic instrument.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ Instead, it is an electro-mechanical instrument.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ Some early electric pianos used lengths of wire to produce the tone, like a traditional piano.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Virtual Orchestra __knowledge__ Virtual Orchestra is a term used to identify a variety of different types of technology and art forms.", "Virtual Orchestra __knowledge__ Most commonly used to refer to orchestral simulation, either for pre-recorded or live environments, it also has been used to describe other activities, such as IRCAM’s Virtual Orchestra database.", "Virtual Orchestra __knowledge__ Due to the development of high capacity samplers, the recording of large instrumental sample libraries, and the capabilities of modern sequencers, the art of simulating traditional orchestra performances has become quite sophisticated.", "Virtual Orchestra __knowledge__ Although the process of developing a particular score requires great skill and sensitivity, and can take a long time, the method is artistically more flexible and economical than using a full complement of acoustic musicians." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Keyboard layout __knowledge__ A keyboard layout is any specific \"mechanical\", \"visual\", or \"functional\" arrangement of the keys, legends, or key-meaning associations (respectively) of a computer, typewriter, or other typographic keyboard.", "Keyboard layout __knowledge__ Most computer keyboards are designed to send scancodes to the operating system, rather than directly sending characters.", "Keyboard layout __knowledge__ From there, the series of scancodes is converted into a character stream by keyboard layout software.", "Keyboard layout __knowledge__ This allows a physical keyboard to be dynamically mapped to any number of layouts without switching hardware components – merely by changing the software that interprets the keystrokes.", "Guajeo __knowledge__ A guajeo (Anglicized pronunciation: \"wa-hey-yo\") is a typical Cuban ostinato melody, most often consisting of arpeggiated chords in syncopated patterns.", "Guajeo __knowledge__ Some musicians only use the term \"guajeo\" for ostinato patterns played specifically by a tres, piano, an instrument of the violin family, or saxophones.", "Guajeo __knowledge__ Piano guajeos are one of the most recognizable elements of modern-day salsa.", "Guajeo __knowledge__ Piano guajeos are also known as \"montunos\" in North America, or \"tumbaos\" in the contemporary Cuban dance music timba.", "Guajeo __knowledge__ The guajeo shares rhythmic, melodic and harmonic similarities with the short ostinato figures played on marimbas, lamellophones, and string instruments in sub-Saharan Africa.", "Alicia Keys __knowledge__ Alicia Augello Cook (born January 25, 1981), known professionally as Alicia Keys, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, pianist, actress, and activist.", "Alicia Keys __knowledge__ Keys released her debut album with J Records, having had previous record deals first with Columbia and then Arista Records.", "Alicia Keys __knowledge__ Keys' debut album, \"Songs in A Minor\" was released in 2001, producing her first \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single \"Fallin'\", and selling over 12 million copies worldwide.", "Alicia Keys __knowledge__ The album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002.", "Alicia Keys __knowledge__ Her second album, \"The Diary of Alicia Keys\", was released in 2003, spawning successful singles \"You Don't Know My Name\", \"If I Ain't Got You\" and \"Diary\", and selling 8 million copies worldwide.", "Renzo Piano __knowledge__ Renzo Piano, (; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect and engineer.", "Renzo Piano __knowledge__ His notable buildings include the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (with Richard Rogers, 1977), The Shard in London (2012), and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City (2015).", "Renzo Piano __knowledge__ He won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1998.", "Renzo Piano __knowledge__ Piano was born in Genoa, Italy, into a family of builders.", "Renzo Piano __knowledge__ His grandfather had created a masonry enterprise, which had been expanded by his father, Carlo Piano, and his father's three brothers, into the firm Fratelli Piano.", "Renzo Piano __knowledge__ The firm prospered after World War II, constructing houses and factories and selling construction materials.", "Hierius __knowledge__ Hierius () was a Neoplatonist philosopher, a son of Plutarch of Athens, and brother of Asclepigenia, who lived in the early 5th century.", "Hierius __knowledge__ Plutarch instructed both Hierius and Asclepigenia in the Neoplatonist philosophies of his school, and after his death they continued his teachings together with their colleague, Syrianus.", "Diatonic button accordion __knowledge__ A melodeon or diatonic button accordion is a member of the free-reed aerophone family of musical instruments.", "Diatonic button accordion __knowledge__ It is a type of button accordion on which the melody-side keyboard contains one or more rows of buttons, with each row producing the notes of a single diatonic scale.", "Diatonic button accordion __knowledge__ The buttons on the bass-side keyboard are most commonly arranged in pairs, with one button of a pair sounding the fundamental of a chord and the other the corresponding major triad (or, sometimes, a minor triad).", "Diatonic button accordion __knowledge__ Diatonic button accordions are popular in many countries, and used mainly for playing popular music and traditional folk music, and modern offshoots of these genres.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Music technology is the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music.", "Music technology __knowledge__ The earliest known applications of technology to music was prehistoric peoples' use of a tool to hand-drill holes in bones to make simple flutes.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians developed stringed instruments, such as harps, lyres and lutes, which required making thin strings and some type of peg system for adjusting the pitch of the strings.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians also used wind instruments such as double clarinets and percussion instruments such as cymbals.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ An electric piano is an electric musical instrument which produces sounds when a performer presses the keys of the piano-style musical keyboard.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ Pressing keys causes mechanical hammers to strike metal strings, metal reeds or wire tines, leading to vibrations which are converted into electrical signals by magnetic pickups, which are then connected to an instrument amplifier and loudspeaker to make a sound loud enough for the performer and audience to hear.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ Unlike a synthesizer, the electric piano is not an electronic instrument.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ Instead, it is an electro-mechanical instrument.", "Electric piano __knowledge__ Some early electric pianos used lengths of wire to produce the tone, like a traditional piano.", "String (music) __knowledge__ A string is the vibrating element that produces sound in string instruments such as the guitar, harp, piano (piano wire), and members of the violin family.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings are lengths of a flexible material that a musical instrument holds under tension so that they can vibrate freely, but controllably.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings may be \"plain\", consisting only of a single material, like steel, nylon, or gut, or wound, having a \"core\" of one material and an overwinding of another.", "String (music) __knowledge__ This is to make the string vibrate at the desired pitch, while maintaining a low profile and sufficient flexibility for playability.", "String (music) __knowledge__ The invention of wound strings, such as nylon covered in wound metal, was a crucial step in string instrument technology, because a metal-wound string can produce a lower pitch than a catgut string of similar thickness.", "Electronic keyboard __knowledge__ An electronic keyboard or digital keyboard is an electronic musical instrument, an electronic or digital derivative of keyboard instruments.", "Electronic keyboard __knowledge__ Broadly speaking, in a popular music context, the term \"electronic keyboard\" or just a \"keyboard\" mostly refers to any type of digital or electronic keyboard instrument.", "Electronic keyboard __knowledge__ These include synthesizers, digital pianos, stage pianos, electronic organs and digital audio workstations.", "Electronic keyboard __knowledge__ However, in true musical terminology, an electronic keyboard is an inexpensive synthesizer equipped with built-in power amplifier and small loudspeakers.", "Electronic keyboard __knowledge__ Electronic keyboards are capable of recreating a wide range of instrument sounds (piano, electric piano, Hammond organ, pipe organ, violin, etc.)", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Music technology (electric) __knowledge__ Electric music technology refers to musical instruments and recording devices that use electrical circuits, which are often combined with mechanical technologies.", "Music technology (electric) __knowledge__ Examples of electric musical instruments include the electro-mechanical electric piano (invented in 1929), the electric guitar (invented in 1931), the electro-mechanical Hammond organ (developed in 1934) and the electric bass (invented in 1935).", "Music technology (electric) __knowledge__ All of these electric instruments do not produce a sound that is audible by the performer or audience in a performance setting unless they are connected to instrument amplifiers and loudspeaker cabinets, which made them sound loud enough for performers and the audience to hear." ] ]

[ 1, 46, 2 ]

[ "I've always wanted to learn the piano, an acoustic instrument invented in Italy.", "Well there is the electric piano. It is not to be confused with the keyboard, because it actually has metal strings.", "There are usually 88 keys which are pressed down to cause hammers to strike strings." ]

[ "Piano", "Piano", "Piano" ]

[ "Anxiety disorder\nI feel anxious all the time. Im not sure if I have anxiety disorder.", "Not that I know of. How does one treat anxiety?", "Social anxiety disorder sounds more like what I have. What does that relate to?", "That definitely sound more like me. Is it treated with medication or some sort of therapy?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include a history of child abuse, family history of mental disorders, and poverty.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, personality disorder, and substance use disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present for at least six months, be more than would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism; heart disease; caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use; and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety disorder (SAD), is an anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g., a parent, caregiver, significant other or siblings).", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ It is most common in infants and small children, typically between the ages of 6–7 months to 3 years, although it may pathologically manifest itself in older children, adolescents and adults.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety is a natural part of the developmental process.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Unlike SAD (indicated by excessive anxiety), normal separation anxiety indicates healthy advancements in a child's cognitive maturation and should not be considered a developing behavioral problem.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation of future threat.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry, that is, apprehensive expectation about events or activities.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ This excessive worry often interferes with daily functioning, as individuals with GAD typically anticipate disaster, and are overly concerned about everyday matters such as health issues, money, death, family problems, friendship problems, interpersonal relationship problems, or work difficulties.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Individuals may exhibit a variety of physical symptoms, including feeling tired, fidgeting, headaches, numbness in hands and feet, muscle tension, difficulty swallowing, upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulty, difficulty concentrating, trembling, irritability, sweating, restlessness, sleeping difficulties, hot flashes, rashes, and inability to fully control the anxiety.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something really bad is going to happen.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The cause of panic disorder is unknown.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder often runs in families.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a history of child abuse." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include a history of child abuse, family history of mental disorders, and poverty.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, personality disorder, and substance use disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present for at least six months, be more than would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism; heart disease; caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use; and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Marble burying __knowledge__ Marble burying is an animal model used in scientific research to depict anxiety or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) behavior.", "Marble burying __knowledge__ It is based on the observation that rats and mice will bury either harmful or harmless objects in their bedding.", "Marble burying __knowledge__ While widely used there is significant controversy over the interpretation of its results.", "Marble burying __knowledge__ Animal behavior modeling is difficult because to create a competent model, the cause of the disease must be known.", "Marble burying __knowledge__ In the case of OCD and anxiety the causes are idiopathic.", "Marble burying __knowledge__ The symptoms for both diseases overlap making it difficult to know what disease the animal model is displaying.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation of future threat.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to write about the existence and nature of emotions in animals.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ His observational (and sometimes anecdotal) approach has developed into a more robust, hypothesis-driven, scientific approach.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ General hypotheses relating to correlates between humans and animals also support the claim that animals may feel emotions and that human emotions evolved from the same mechanisms.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ Several tests, such as cognitive bias tests and learned helplessness models, have been developed.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ Cognitive biases (feelings of optimism or pessimism) have been shown in a wide range of species including rats, dogs, cats, rhesus macaques, sheep, chicks, starlings, pigs and honeybees.", "Anxiolytic __knowledge__ An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that inhibits anxiety.", "Anxiolytic __knowledge__ This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents, which increase anxiety.", "Anxiolytic __knowledge__ Together these categories of psychoactive compounds or interventions may be referred to as anxiotropic compounds or agents.", "Anxiolytic __knowledge__ Some recreational drugs such as alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) induce anxiolysis initially; however, studies show that many of these drugs are anxiogenic.", "Anxiolytic __knowledge__ Anxiolytic medications have been used for the treatment of anxiety disorder and its related psychological and physical symptoms.", "Sympatholytic __knowledge__ A sympatholytic (or sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).", "Sympatholytic __knowledge__ They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives.", "Sympatholytic __knowledge__ They are also used to treat anxiety, such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder and PTSD.", "Sympatholytic __knowledge__ Antiadrenergic agents inhibit the signals of epinephrine and norepinephrine.", "Sympatholytic __knowledge__ They are primarily postsynaptic adrenergic receptor antagonists (alpha and beta adrenergic receptor antagonists, or \"blockers\"), inhibiting the downstream cellular signaling pathways of adrenergic receptors.", "Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor __knowledge__ Selective Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs which are used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).", "Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor __knowledge__ They are sometimes also used to treat anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and for the relief of menopausal symptoms.", "Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor __knowledge__ SSNRIs are monoamine reuptake inhibitors; specifically, they are inhibitors of the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.", "Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor __knowledge__ These neurotransmitters are known to play an important role in mood.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety disorder (SAD), is an anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g., a parent, caregiver, significant other or siblings).", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ It is most common in infants and small children, typically between the ages of 6–7 months to 3 years, although it may pathologically manifest itself in older children, adolescents and adults.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety is a natural part of the developmental process.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Unlike SAD (indicated by excessive anxiety), normal separation anxiety indicates healthy advancements in a child's cognitive maturation and should not be considered a developing behavioral problem.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something really bad is going to happen.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The cause of panic disorder is unknown.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder often runs in families.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a history of child abuse.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry, that is, apprehensive expectation about events or activities.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ This excessive worry often interferes with daily functioning, as individuals with GAD typically anticipate disaster, and are overly concerned about everyday matters such as health issues, money, death, family problems, friendship problems, interpersonal relationship problems, or work difficulties.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Individuals may exhibit a variety of physical symptoms, including feeling tired, fidgeting, headaches, numbness in hands and feet, muscle tension, difficulty swallowing, upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulty, difficulty concentrating, trembling, irritability, sweating, restlessness, sleeping difficulties, hot flashes, rashes, and inability to fully control the anxiety." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include a history of child abuse, family history of mental disorders, and poverty.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, personality disorder, and substance use disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present for at least six months, be more than would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism; heart disease; caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use; and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Social anxiety can be defined as nervousness in social situations.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Some disorders associated with the social anxiety spectrum include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, autism, eating disorders, and substance use disorders.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Individuals higher in social anxiety avert their gazes, show fewer facial expressions, and show difficulty with initiating and maintaining conversation.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Trait social anxiety, the stable tendency to experience this nervousness, can be distinguished from state anxiety, the momentary response to a particular social stimulus.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Nearly 90% of individuals report feeling a form of social anxiety (i.e., shyness) at some point in their lives.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation of future threat.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ The effects of stress on memory include interference with a person's capacity to encode memory and the ability to retrieve information.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ During times of stress, the body reacts by secreting stress hormones into the bloodstream.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ Stress can cause acute and chronic changes in certain brain areas which can cause long-term damage.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs memory, but in a few cases can enhance it.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ In particular, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and the amygdala are affected.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ One class of stress hormone responsible for negatively affecting memory is the glucocorticoids (GCs), the most notable of which is cortisol.", "Selective mutism __knowledge__ Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder in which a person who is normally capable of speech cannot speak in specific situations or to specific people.", "Selective mutism __knowledge__ Selective mutism usually co-exists with shyness or social anxiety.", "Selective mutism __knowledge__ People with selective mutism stay silent even when the consequences of their silence include shame, social ostracism or even punishment.", "Selective mutism __knowledge__ Selective mutism affects about 0.8% of people at some point in their lives.", "Selective mutism __knowledge__ Children and adults with selective mutism are fully capable of speech and understanding language but forgo speaking in certain situations, though speech is expected of them.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something really bad is going to happen.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The cause of panic disorder is unknown.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder often runs in families.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a history of child abuse.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety disorder (SAD), is an anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g., a parent, caregiver, significant other or siblings).", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ It is most common in infants and small children, typically between the ages of 6–7 months to 3 years, although it may pathologically manifest itself in older children, adolescents and adults.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety is a natural part of the developmental process.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Unlike SAD (indicated by excessive anxiety), normal separation anxiety indicates healthy advancements in a child's cognitive maturation and should not be considered a developing behavioral problem.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry, that is, apprehensive expectation about events or activities.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ This excessive worry often interferes with daily functioning, as individuals with GAD typically anticipate disaster, and are overly concerned about everyday matters such as health issues, money, death, family problems, friendship problems, interpersonal relationship problems, or work difficulties.", "Generalized anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Individuals may exhibit a variety of physical symptoms, including feeling tired, fidgeting, headaches, numbness in hands and feet, muscle tension, difficulty swallowing, upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulty, difficulty concentrating, trembling, irritability, sweating, restlessness, sleeping difficulties, hot flashes, rashes, and inability to fully control the anxiety." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include a history of child abuse, family history of mental disorders, and poverty.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, personality disorder, and substance use disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present for at least six months, be more than would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism; heart disease; caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use; and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others.", "Spironolactone __knowledge__ Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a medication that is primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.", "Spironolactone __knowledge__ It is also used in the treatment of high blood pressure, low blood potassium that does not improve with supplementation, early puberty in boys, acne and excessive hair growth in women, and as a part of feminizing hormone therapy in transgender women.", "Spironolactone __knowledge__ Spironolactone is taken by mouth.", "Spironolactone __knowledge__ Common side effects include electrolyte abnormalities, particularly high blood potassium, nausea, vomiting, headache, rashes, and a decreased desire for sex.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ People may also occasionally have false beliefs or see or hear things that others cannot.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ Some people have periods of depression separated by years in which they are normal while others nearly always have symptoms present.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ Major depressive disorder can negatively affect a person's personal, work, or school life, as well as sleeping, eating habits, and general health.", "Tuberculosis management __knowledge__ Tuberculosis management refers to the medical treatment of the infectious disease tuberculosis (TB).", "Tuberculosis management __knowledge__ The standard \"short\" course treatment for TB is isoniazid (along with pyridoxal phosphate to obviate peripheral neuropathy caused by isoniazid), rifampicin (also known as rifampin in the United States), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for two months, then isoniazid and rifampicin alone for a further four months.", "Tuberculosis management __knowledge__ The patient is considered to be free of living bacteria after six months.", "Tuberculosis management __knowledge__ For latent tuberculosis, the standard treatment is six to nine months of daily isoniazid alone or three months of weekly (12 doses total) of isoniazid/rifapentine combination.", "Management of depression __knowledge__ Management of depression may involve a number of different therapies: medications, behavior therapy, and medical devices.", "Management of depression __knowledge__ Major depressive disorder, often referred to simply as \"depression\", is diagnosed more frequently in developed countries, where up to 20% of the population is affected at some stage of their lives.", "Management of depression __knowledge__ According to WHO (World Health Organization), depression is currently fourth among the top 10 leading causes of the global burden of disease; it is predicted that by the year 2020, depression will be ranked second.", "Management of depression __knowledge__ Though psychiatric medication is the most frequently prescribed therapy for major depression, psychotherapy may be effective, either alone or in combination with medication.", "Adherence (medicine) __knowledge__ In medicine, compliance (also adherence, capacitance) describes the degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice.", "Adherence (medicine) __knowledge__ Most commonly, it refers to medication or drug compliance, but it can also apply to other situations such as medical device use, self care, self-directed exercises, or therapy sessions.", "Adherence (medicine) __knowledge__ Both patient and health-care provider affect compliance, and a positive physician-patient relationship is the most important factor in improving compliance, The cost of prescription medication also plays a major role.", "Adherence (medicine) __knowledge__ Compliance rates may be overestimated in the medical literature, as compliance is often high in the setting of a formal clinical trial but drops off in a \"real-world\" setting.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psycho-social intervention that is the most widely used evidence-based practice for improving mental health.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ Guided by empirical research, CBT focuses on the development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems and changing unhelpful patterns in cognitions (e.g.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes), behaviors, and emotional regulation.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ It was originally designed to treat depression, and is now used for a number of mental health conditions.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ The CBT model is based on the combination of the basic principles from behavioral and cognitive psychology .", "Music therapy __knowledge__ Music therapy is a non verbal approach to the person using instruments and music in general, the use of interventions to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.", "Music therapy __knowledge__ Music therapy is one of the expressive therapies, consisting of a process in which a music therapist uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual—to help clients improve their physical and mental health.", "Music therapy __knowledge__ Music therapists primarily help clients improve their health in several domains, such as cognitive functioning, motor skills, emotional development, social skills, and quality of life by using both active and passive music experiences such as free improvisation, song, dance, listening, and discussion of music to achieve treatment goals.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ The effects of stress on memory include interference with a person's capacity to encode memory and the ability to retrieve information.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ During times of stress, the body reacts by secreting stress hormones into the bloodstream.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ Stress can cause acute and chronic changes in certain brain areas which can cause long-term damage.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs memory, but in a few cases can enhance it.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ In particular, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and the amygdala are affected.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ One class of stress hormone responsible for negatively affecting memory is the glucocorticoids (GCs), the most notable of which is cortisol.", "Emotional self-regulation __knowledge__ Emotional self-regulation or regulation of emotion is the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed.", "Emotional self-regulation __knowledge__ It can also be defined as extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions.", "Emotional self-regulation __knowledge__ Emotion self-regulation belongs to the broader set of emotion-regulation processes, which includes the regulation of one's own feelings and the regulation of other people's feelings.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Shyness (also called diffidence) is the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness especially when a person is around other people.", "Shyness __knowledge__ This commonly occurs in new situations or with unfamiliar people.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Shyness can be a characteristic of people who have low self-esteem.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Stronger forms of shyness are usually referred to as social anxiety or social phobia.", "Shyness __knowledge__ The primary defining characteristic of shyness is a largely ego-driven fear of what other people will think of a person's behavior.", "Shyness __knowledge__ This results in a person becoming scared of doing or saying what they want to out of fear of negative reactions, being laughed at, humiliated or patronised, criticism or rejection.", "Empathy __knowledge__ Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within the other person's frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position.", "Empathy __knowledge__ There are many definitions for empathy that encompass a broad range of emotional states.", "Empathy __knowledge__ Types of empathy include cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and empathy.", "Empathy __knowledge__ The English word \"empathy\" is derived from the Ancient Greek word εμπάθεια (\"empatheia\", meaning \"physical affection or passion\").", "Empathy __knowledge__ This, in turn, comes from εν (\"en\", \"in, at\") and πάθος (\"pathos\", \"passion\" or \"suffering\").", "Empathy __knowledge__ The term was adapted by Hermann Lotze and Robert Vischer to create the German word \"Einfühlung\" (\"feeling into\"), which was translated by Edward B. Titchener into the English term empathy.", "Phobia __knowledge__ A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder, defined by a persistent fear of an object or situation.", "Phobia __knowledge__ The phobia typically results in a rapid onset of fear and is present for more than six months.", "Phobia __knowledge__ The affected person will go to great lengths to avoid the situation or object, typically to a degree greater than the actual danger posed.", "Phobia __knowledge__ If the feared object or situation cannot be avoided, the affected person will have significant distress.", "Phobia __knowledge__ With blood or injury phobia, fainting may occur.", "Phobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is often associated with panic attacks.", "Phobia __knowledge__ Usually a person has phobias to a number of objects or situations." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 12, 33 ]

[ "If you already know that you are anxious most of the time then you probably do have an anxiety disorder. Any bigger feelings of anxiety or fear fall into that category. Did something trigger it that you know of?", "Treatment depends on the kind of anxiety you have. There is such a variety from generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and also panic disorder.", "That would present with fear in one or more social situations. It would cause you distress and sometimes impair your ability to do typical parts of daily life. ", "Before medications, cognitive-behavorial therapy would be started. Its an intervention that is widely used and has good results that are evidence based for improving mental health. " ]

[ "Anxiety disorder", "Anxiety disorder", "Anxiety disorder", "Anxiety disorder" ]

[ "Bengal cat", "I didn't know it was considered a domestic cat.. I just figured I had seen them in zoos before, that maybe they were pretty while and stuff, like tigers. I just assumed tigers and bengal cats were like the same.", "So they were bred intentionally? Huh. What else might I not know about them?", "Are they dangerous? Where do they live normally?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The Bengal is a domestic cat breed developed to look like exotic jungle cats such as leopards, ocelots, margays and clouded leopards.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Bengal cats were developed by selective breeding from hybrids of the Asian leopard cat (ALC), \"Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis\", with domestic cat, backcrossed to domestic cats, with the goal of creating a confident, healthy, and friendly cat with a highly contrasted and vividly marked coat.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The name \"Bengal cat\" was derived from the taxonomic name of the Asian leopard cat (\"P. b. bengalensis\").", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ They have a \"wild\" appearance with large spots/rosettes/arrowheads, and a light/white belly, and a body structure reminiscent of the ALC.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Once separated by at least four generations from the original ALC × domestic cat crossing, the breed's temperament resembles that of a domestic cat.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Bengal cats are generally a bright orange to light brown colour, although pale or off-white \"snow\" Bengals also exist, and are popular among owners.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The earliest mention of an Asian leopard cat × domestic cross was in 1889, when Harrison Weir wrote of them in \"Our Cats and All About Them\".", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ However, in 1927, C. Boden Kloss wrote to the magazine \"Cat Gossip\" regarding hybrids between wild and domestic cats in Malaya: \"I have never heard of hybrids between bengalensis (the Leopard Cat) and domestic cats." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The Bengal is a domestic cat breed developed to look like exotic jungle cats such as leopards, ocelots, margays and clouded leopards.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Bengal cats were developed by selective breeding from hybrids of the Asian leopard cat (ALC), \"Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis\", with domestic cat, backcrossed to domestic cats, with the goal of creating a confident, healthy, and friendly cat with a highly contrasted and vividly marked coat.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The name \"Bengal cat\" was derived from the taxonomic name of the Asian leopard cat (\"P. b. bengalensis\").", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ They have a \"wild\" appearance with large spots/rosettes/arrowheads, and a light/white belly, and a body structure reminiscent of the ALC.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Once separated by at least four generations from the original ALC × domestic cat crossing, the breed's temperament resembles that of a domestic cat.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Bengal cats are generally a bright orange to light brown colour, although pale or off-white \"snow\" Bengals also exist, and are popular among owners.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The earliest mention of an Asian leopard cat × domestic cross was in 1889, when Harrison Weir wrote of them in \"Our Cats and All About Them\".", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ However, in 1927, C. Boden Kloss wrote to the magazine \"Cat Gossip\" regarding hybrids between wild and domestic cats in Malaya: \"I have never heard of hybrids between bengalensis (the Leopard Cat) and domestic cats.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Tiger __knowledge__ The tiger (\"Panthera tigris\") is the largest cat species, most recognizable for their pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside.", "Tiger __knowledge__ The species is classified in the genus \"Panthera\" with the lion, leopard, jaguar, and snow leopard.", "Tiger __knowledge__ Tigers are apex predators, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and bovids.", "Tiger __knowledge__ They are territorial and generally solitary but social animals, often requiring large contiguous areas of habitat that support their prey requirements.", "Tiger __knowledge__ This, coupled with the fact that they are indigenous to some of the more densely populated places on Earth, has caused significant conflicts with humans.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ The Savannah is a hybrid cat breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ It is a cross between a serval and a domestic cat.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ A Savannah cat is a cross between a domestic cat and a serval, a medium-sized, large-eared wild African cat.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s, and in 2001 The International Cat Association (TICA) accepted it as a new registered breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ In May 2012, TICA accepted it as a championship breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ Judee Frank crossbred a male serval, belonging to Suzi Woods, with a Siamese (domestic cat) to produce the first Savannah cat (named Savannah) on April 7, 1986.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ In 1996, Patrick Kelley and Joyce Sroufe wrote the original version of the Savannah breed standard and presented it to the board of The International Cat Association.", "White tiger __knowledge__ The white tiger or bleached tiger is a pigmentation variant of the Bengal tiger, which is reported in the wild from time to time in the Indian states of Assam, West Bengal and Bihar in the Sunderbans region and especially in the former State of Rewa.", "White tiger __knowledge__ Such a tiger has the black stripes typical of the Bengal tiger, but carries a white or near-white coat.", "White tiger __knowledge__ The white Bengal tigers are distinctive due to the color of their fur.", "White tiger __knowledge__ The white fur caused by a lack of the pigment pheomelanin, which is found in Bengal tigers with orange color fur.", "White tiger __knowledge__ When compared to Bengal tigers, the white Bengal tigers tend to grow faster and heavier than the orange Bengal tiger.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Bengal tiger __knowledge__ The Bengal tiger (\"Panthera tigris tigris\") is the most numerous tiger subspecies in Asia, and was estimated at fewer than 2,500 individuals by 2011.", "Bengal tiger __knowledge__ Since 2008, it is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by poaching, loss and fragmentation of habitat.", "Bengal tiger __knowledge__ None of the Tiger Conservation Landscapes within its range is considered large enough to support an effective population of more than 250 adult individuals.", "Bengal tiger __knowledge__ The tiger arrived in the Indian subcontinent about 12,000 years ago.", "Bengal tiger __knowledge__ India's tiger population was estimated at 1,706–1,909 individuals in 2010.", "Bengal tiger __knowledge__ By 2014, the population had reputedly increased to an estimated 2,226 individuals.", "Jungle cat __knowledge__ The jungle cat (\"Felis chaus\"), also called the reed cat or swamp cat, is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia and southern China.", "Jungle cat __knowledge__ It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.", "Jungle cat __knowledge__ It is a member of the genus \"Felis\" and was first described by Johann Anton Güldenstädt in 1776.", "Jungle cat __knowledge__ Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber gave the jungle cat its present binomial name and is therefore generally considered as binomial authority.", "Jungle cat __knowledge__ Three subspecies are recognised at present.", "Jungle cat __knowledge__ The jungle cat is a large, long-legged cat; it stands nearly at shoulder and weighs .", "Jungle cat __knowledge__ Its sandy, reddish-brown or grey coat is uniformly coloured and without spots; melanistic and albino individuals are also known.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Chausie __knowledge__ The Chausie () is a domestic breed of cat that was developed by breeding a few individuals from the nondomestic species jungle cat (\"Felis chaus\") to a far greater number of domestic cats (\"Felis catus\").", "Chausie __knowledge__ The Chausie was first recognized as a domestic breed by The International Cat Association (TICA).", "Chausie __knowledge__ Within the domestic breeds, the Chausie is categorized as a nondomestic hybrid source breed.", "Chausie __knowledge__ Other domestic breeds in this category include the Bengal and the Savannah.", "Chausie __knowledge__ Because Chausies are mostly descended from domestic cats, by about the fourth generation they are fully fertile and completely domestic in temperament.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ A pet exotic feline, also called pet wild cat or pet non-domestic cat, is a member of the Felidae family (excluding the house cat and hybrids thereof) kept as an exotic pet.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ Hybrids of the domestic cat with non-domestic species (e. g. the Bengal cat or the Savannah cat) are not normally considered wild cats.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ While this distinction is often overlooked in the media and in the public eye, such cat breeds (especially the F5 and subsequent generations) are much closer to the domestic cat in terms of housing and husbandry requirements, behavior, and legality.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ Unlike many other exotic pet species, wild cats usually cannot be kept indoors and require a large outdoor enclosure." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The Bengal is a domestic cat breed developed to look like exotic jungle cats such as leopards, ocelots, margays and clouded leopards.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Bengal cats were developed by selective breeding from hybrids of the Asian leopard cat (ALC), \"Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis\", with domestic cat, backcrossed to domestic cats, with the goal of creating a confident, healthy, and friendly cat with a highly contrasted and vividly marked coat.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The name \"Bengal cat\" was derived from the taxonomic name of the Asian leopard cat (\"P. b. bengalensis\").", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ They have a \"wild\" appearance with large spots/rosettes/arrowheads, and a light/white belly, and a body structure reminiscent of the ALC.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Once separated by at least four generations from the original ALC × domestic cat crossing, the breed's temperament resembles that of a domestic cat.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Bengal cats are generally a bright orange to light brown colour, although pale or off-white \"snow\" Bengals also exist, and are popular among owners.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The earliest mention of an Asian leopard cat × domestic cross was in 1889, when Harrison Weir wrote of them in \"Our Cats and All About Them\".", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ However, in 1927, C. Boden Kloss wrote to the magazine \"Cat Gossip\" regarding hybrids between wild and domestic cats in Malaya: \"I have never heard of hybrids between bengalensis (the Leopard Cat) and domestic cats.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ Ben Huh is a South-Korean-American internet entrepreneur and the CEO of The Cheezburger Network, which at its peak in 2010 received 375 million views a month across its 50 sites.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ Huh was born in Seoul, South Korea and grew up in Rancho Cordova, California, attending Cordova High School there.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ In 1999, Huh graduated from Northwestern University with a degree in journalism, although English was not his first language.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ With regards to this, he said “I got a degree in a language I didn’t speak because I felt something in the power of media that attracted me.” The Web's influence on journalism was growing, and Huh decided to go into a career in the Internet.", "John Huh __knowledge__ John Huh (Korean: 허찬수, born May 21, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh was born in New York City to Korean parents.", "John Huh __knowledge__ He moved to South Korea shortly after his birth and he lived there for 12 years, then moved to Chicago, Illinois for three years, and then to Los Angeles, California.", "John Huh __knowledge__ He attended California State University, Northridge for two weeks before turning professional in 2008.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh left college due to the lack of core courses, preventing him from receiving a scholarship and being approved for NCAA competition.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh played on the Korean Tour for three years.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Huh Young-man (born June 26, 1947) is a South Korean manhwa artist.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Huh Young-man was born Heo Hyeong-man in present-day Yeosu, a far southern coastal city of South Jeolla Province, South Korea in 1947.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ He was the third child of eight children born to father Heo Jong (허종) and mother Park Ok-jeong (박옥정).", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Before and after the liberation of Korea from Japan in 1945, Huh's father had worked as a local policeman.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ When the Yeosu Rebellion occurred in 1948, Huh's family was in danger of being killed by the rebels.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ In contrast to Huh's father, his uncle was a communist, so that Huh's family was ironically protected by both sides.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ Huh Gak (born 15 November 1984) is a South Korean singer and the winner of the Mnet talent competition series 'Superstar K' 2 under Plan A Entertainment.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ He is known as 'The man who turned the tables' and 'The South Korean Paul Potts'.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ He has an identical twin named Huh Gong, who didn't apply to 'Superstar K' 2 because he was concerned that the judges had prejudice.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ Now he is also a singer.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ Huh Gak was born on 15 November 1984.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ He is from Incheon, South Korea and lives with his father and his twin brother, Huh Gong.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ He graduated from Hwanbuk Elementary School and Incheon Boys School.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ As a young child, Huh Gak went through a family divorce and faced financial difficulties.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Huh E-jae __knowledge__ Huh E-jae (born 19 February 1987) is a South Korean actress.", "Huh E-jae __knowledge__ She is best known for her leading roles in the television dramas \"Prince Hours\" and \"Single Dad in Love\".", "Huh E-jae __knowledge__ Huh E-jae began her entertainment career by modeling for magazines when she was a high school student.", "Huh E-jae __knowledge__ After making her acting debut in 2004, she was given the nickname \"Little Kim Tae-hee\" due to her resemblance to the popular actress.", "Huh E-jae __knowledge__ Huh first appeared in several sitcoms on KBS followed by supporting roles, notably as Kim Rae-won's love interest in the 2006 gangster film \"Sunflower\".", "Huh E-jae __knowledge__ In 2007, Huh got her big break when she was cast in the female leading role in \"Prince Hours\" (also known as \"Goong S\").", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ Uh Huh Her is an indie/rock/electropop band that was formed in January 2007.", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ The band's name came from an album by artist PJ Harvey, titled \"Uh Huh Her\".", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ The band has mentioned several times changing their name to UHH (pronunciation \"U-H-H\"), as opposed to the full \"Uh Huh Her,\" believing the original name looks good in written form, but is awkward to pronounce.", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ It is unclear at this time if the name change will be made official at any point.", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ Camila Grey (lead vocals, guitar, keyboard), former member of the lo-fi rock band Mellowdrone, had not released any solo material prior to joining Uh Huh Her; however, she had played bass and keyboards for a variety of artists, such as Dr. Dre, Melissa Auf der Maur, Busta Rhymes, and Kelly Osbourne.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Leopard cat __knowledge__ The leopard cat (\"Prionailurus bengalensis\") is a small wild cat native to continental South, Southeast and East Asia.", "Leopard cat __knowledge__ Since 2002 it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List as it is widely distributed but threatened by habitat loss and hunting in parts of its range.", "Leopard cat __knowledge__ Historically, the leopard cat of continental Asia was considered the same species as the Sunda leopard cat.", "Leopard cat __knowledge__ As of 2017, the latter is recognised as a distinct species, with the taxonomic name \"Prionailurus javanensis\".", "Leopard cat __knowledge__ Leopard cat subspecies differ widely in fur colour, tail length, skull shape and size of carnassials.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ The Savannah is a hybrid cat breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ It is a cross between a serval and a domestic cat.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ A Savannah cat is a cross between a domestic cat and a serval, a medium-sized, large-eared wild African cat.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s, and in 2001 The International Cat Association (TICA) accepted it as a new registered breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ In May 2012, TICA accepted it as a championship breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ Judee Frank crossbred a male serval, belonging to Suzi Woods, with a Siamese (domestic cat) to produce the first Savannah cat (named Savannah) on April 7, 1986.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ In 1996, Patrick Kelley and Joyce Sroufe wrote the original version of the Savannah breed standard and presented it to the board of The International Cat Association.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The Iriomote cat (\"Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis\") is a subspecies of the leopard cat that lives exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ It has been listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the only population comprises fewer than 250 adult individuals and is considered declining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ As of 2007, there were an estimated 100–109 individuals remaining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is called .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In local dialects of the Yaeyama language, it is known as , , and .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The fur of the Iriomote cat is mostly dark gray and light brown, with lighter hair on the belly and insides of the limbs.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Sokoke __knowledge__ The Sokoke (or Sokoke Forest Cat in long form, and formerly the African Shorthair) is natural breed of domestic cat, developed and standardised, beginning in the late 1970s, from the feral khadzonzo landrace of eastern, coastal Kenya.", "Sokoke __knowledge__ The Sokoke is recognized by four major cat pedigree registry organizations as a standardised cat breed.", "Sokoke __knowledge__ It is named after the Arabuko Sokoke National Forest, the environment from which the foundation stock was obtained, for breed development primarily in Denmark and the United States.", "Sokoke __knowledge__ The cat is long-legged, with short, coarse hair, and typically a tabby coat, though specific lineages have produced different appearances." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The Bengal is a domestic cat breed developed to look like exotic jungle cats such as leopards, ocelots, margays and clouded leopards.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Bengal cats were developed by selective breeding from hybrids of the Asian leopard cat (ALC), \"Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis\", with domestic cat, backcrossed to domestic cats, with the goal of creating a confident, healthy, and friendly cat with a highly contrasted and vividly marked coat.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The name \"Bengal cat\" was derived from the taxonomic name of the Asian leopard cat (\"P. b. bengalensis\").", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ They have a \"wild\" appearance with large spots/rosettes/arrowheads, and a light/white belly, and a body structure reminiscent of the ALC.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Once separated by at least four generations from the original ALC × domestic cat crossing, the breed's temperament resembles that of a domestic cat.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ Bengal cats are generally a bright orange to light brown colour, although pale or off-white \"snow\" Bengals also exist, and are popular among owners.", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ The earliest mention of an Asian leopard cat × domestic cross was in 1889, when Harrison Weir wrote of them in \"Our Cats and All About Them\".", "Bengal cat __knowledge__ However, in 1927, C. Boden Kloss wrote to the magazine \"Cat Gossip\" regarding hybrids between wild and domestic cats in Malaya: \"I have never heard of hybrids between bengalensis (the Leopard Cat) and domestic cats.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ The main protagonists are Natsu Dragneel, a wizard with the powers of a dragonslayer who is searching for his adoptive dragon father Igneel, and Lucy Heartfilia, a celestial wizard who joins the Fairy Tail guild.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ In the early part of the series, they form a team including: Happy, a flying cat and best friend of Natsu; Gray Fullbuster, an ice wizard; and Erza Scarlet, a knight who specializes in using various magic weapons and armors.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ Throughout the series, Lucy and Natsu interact with and befriend other wizards and guilds in Fiore.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ They also encounter various antagonists from illegal \"dark\" guilds, and Zeref, an ancient wizard who is the series' main antagonist.", "Artificial heart __knowledge__ An artificial heart is a device that replaces the heart.", "Artificial heart __knowledge__ Artificial hearts are typically used to bridge the time to heart transplantation, or to permanently replace the heart in case heart transplantation is impossible.", "Artificial heart __knowledge__ Although other similar inventions preceded it from the late 1940s, the first artificial heart to be successfully implanted in a human was the Jarvik-7 in 1982, designed by a team including Willem Johan Kolff and Robert Jarvik.", "Artificial heart __knowledge__ An artificial heart is distinct from a ventricular assist device (VAD) designed to support a failing heart.", "Artificial heart __knowledge__ It is also distinct from a cardiopulmonary bypass machine, which is an external device used to provide the functions of both the heart and lungs and are used only for a few hours at a time, most commonly during cardiac surgery.", "2015–2017 youth suicides in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Youth Suicide trend in Hong Kong () refers to the succession of suicide committed by Hong Kong primary, secondary and post-secondary students from 2015 to 2017.", "2015–2017 youth suicides in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The suicide cases are not connected, but the frequency of suicides aroused public's attention to the mental health and academic pressure of Hong Kong students.", "2015–2017 youth suicides in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Since the commencement of the 2015 school year, a spate of suicide among students began to take place, over 70 suicide cases are reported from 2015 to 2017.", "2015–2017 youth suicides in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The alarming frequency of youth suicide is very worrying as it reached a record high, raising concerns that students in Hong Kong face too much academic stress.", "Samson __knowledge__ Samson (; , \"Shimshon\", \"man of the sun\") was the last of the judges of the ancient Israelites mentioned in the Book of Judges in the Hebrew Bible (chapters 13 to 16) and one of the last of the leaders who \"judged\" Israel before the institution of the monarchy.", "Samson __knowledge__ He is sometimes considered to be an Israelite version of the popular Near Eastern folk hero also embodied by the Sumerian Enkidu and the Greek Heracles.", "Samson __knowledge__ The biblical account states that Samson was a Nazirite, and that he was given immense strength to aid him against his enemies and allow him to perform superhuman feats, including slaying a lion with his bare hands and massacring an entire army of Philistines using only the jawbone of an ass.", "Kidney __knowledge__ The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found on the left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.", "Kidney __knowledge__ They are located at the back of the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal space.", "Kidney __knowledge__ In adults they are about in length.", "Kidney __knowledge__ They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins.", "Kidney __knowledge__ Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder.", "Kidney __knowledge__ The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.", "Kidney __knowledge__ Each adult kidney contains around one million nephrons.", "Kidney __knowledge__ The nephron utilizes four processes to alter the blood plasma which flows to it: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.", "Jimmy Wang (actor) __knowledge__ Wang Zhengquan (born March 28, 1943), known professionally as Jimmy Wang, is a Taiwanese actor, film director, producer and screenwriter.", "Jimmy Wang (actor) __knowledge__ Wang rose to fame in 1967 with his starring role in \"One-Armed Swordsman\", a martial arts film produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio and \"The Chinese Boxer\" (1970).", "Jimmy Wang (actor) __knowledge__ Before joining the Hong Kong-based Shaw Brothers Studio in 1963, Wang served in the National Revolutionary Army and was also a swimming champion in Hong Kong and a car racing enthusiast.", "Jimmy Wang (actor) __knowledge__ In 1968, he acted with Cheng Pei-pei in the wuxia film \"Golden Swallow\", directed by Chang Cheh.", "Jimmy Wang (actor) __knowledge__ Following that, Wang starred in many other wuxia films, including \"Temple of the Red Lotus\" (1965), \"One Armed Boxer\" (1971), \"Master of the Flying Guillotine\" (1976) and \"Return of the Chinese Boxer\" (1977).", "Music in the movement against apartheid __knowledge__ The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994.", "Music in the movement against apartheid __knowledge__ It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority.", "Music in the movement against apartheid __knowledge__ Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance.", "Music in the movement against apartheid __knowledge__ Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid.", "Music in the movement against apartheid __knowledge__ The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid, building unity within this movement, and \"presenting an alternative vision of culture in a future democratic South Africa.\"", "Atelopus limosus __knowledge__ Atelopus limosus, the limosa harlequin frog () is an endangered species of toad in the family Bufonidae endemic to Panama.", "Atelopus limosus __knowledge__ Its natural habitats are stream banks in tropical moist lowland forests and rivers of the Chagres watershed in central Panama.", "Atelopus limosus __knowledge__ \"Atelopus limosus\" has two color forms.", "Atelopus limosus __knowledge__ A lowland color form is brown with a yellow nose and fingertips, while the upland color form is green with black chevron markings on its back.", "Atelopus limosus __knowledge__ Males and females of both color forms are sexually dimorphic.", "Atelopus limosus __knowledge__ Males are smaller with white bellies speckled with black spots, while females tend to have red or orange bellies.", "Pseudoplatystoma __knowledge__ Pseudoplatystoma is a genus of several South American catfish species of family Pimelodidae.", "Pseudoplatystoma __knowledge__ The species are known by a number of different common names.", "Pseudoplatystoma __knowledge__ They typically inhabit major rivers where they prefer the main channels and tend to stay at maximum depth, but some species can also be seen in lakes, flooded forests, and other freshwater habitats.", "Pseudoplatystoma __knowledge__ They have robust bodies, and are important food fish.", "Pseudoplatystoma __knowledge__ In their native waters, these fish may be called \"surubí\" in Guaraní.", "Pseudoplatystoma __knowledge__ This name is also used in some Spanish-speaking countries and in Brazil (\"surubi\" or \"surubim\").", "Pseudoplatystoma __knowledge__ In Peruvian Spanish, they are called \"doncella\" or \"zúngaro\".", "Atmosphere of Jupiter __knowledge__ The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System.", "Atmosphere of Jupiter __knowledge__ It is mostly made of molecular hydrogen and helium in roughly solar proportions; other chemical compounds are present only in small amounts and include methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and water.", "Atmosphere of Jupiter __knowledge__ Although water is thought to reside deep in the atmosphere, its directly measured concentration is very low.", "Atmosphere of Jupiter __knowledge__ The nitrogen, sulfur, and noble gas abundances in Jupiter's atmosphere exceed solar values by a factor of about three.", "Atmosphere of Jupiter __knowledge__ The atmosphere of Jupiter lacks a clear lower boundary and gradually transitions into the liquid interior of the planet.", "Perijá tapaculo __knowledge__ The Perijá tapaculo (\"Scytalopus perijanus\") is a species of passerine bird in the family Rhinocryptidae (tapaculos).", "Perijá tapaculo __knowledge__ Endemic to the Serranía del Perijá mountain range on the Colombia–Venezuela border, the Perijá tapaculo is found at altitudes of .", "Perijá tapaculo __knowledge__ It measures , and its tail is around long.", "Perijá tapaculo __knowledge__ Specimens have long been stored in museums, but the species was only described in 2015 based on sixteen specimens found between July 2008 and February 2009.", "Perijá tapaculo __knowledge__ It is considered vulnerable.", "Perijá tapaculo __knowledge__ Adults have neutral grey heads, brown necks, brown-sepia striped backs, and grey-white bellies, breasts, and throats.", "Perijá tapaculo __knowledge__ Males have some buff markings on their breasts, and less sharp brown spots on their napes than females.", "Tincture (heraldry) __knowledge__ Tinctures constitute the limited palette of colours and patterns used in heraldry.", "Tincture (heraldry) __knowledge__ The use of these tinctures dates back to the formative period of European heraldry, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, but the range of tinctures and the manner of depicting and describing them has evolved over time, as new variations and practices have developed.", "Tincture (heraldry) __knowledge__ The need to define, depict, and correctly blazon the various tinctures is therefore one of the most important aspects of heraldic art and design.", "Tincture (heraldry) __knowledge__ The colours and patterns of the heraldic palette are divided into three groups, usually known as \"metals\", \"colours\", and \"furs\".", "Montana Arctic grayling __knowledge__ The Montana Arctic grayling (\"Thymallus arcticus montanus\") is a North American freshwater fish in the salmon family Salmonidae.", "Montana Arctic grayling __knowledge__ The Montana Arctic grayling, native to the upper Missouri River basin in Montana and Wyoming, is a disjunct population or subspecies of the more widespread Arctic grayling (\"Thymallus arcticus\").", "Montana Arctic grayling __knowledge__ It occurs in fluvial (or river–dwelling) and adfluvial, lacustrine (or lake–dwelling) forms.", "Montana Arctic grayling __knowledge__ The Montana grayling is a species of special concern in Montana and had candidate status for listing under the national Endangered Species Act.", "Montana Arctic grayling __knowledge__ It underwent a comprehensive status review by the U.S." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 1 ]

[ "The Bengal cat is a domestic cat that resembles exotic jungle cats.", "They were developed by selective breeding from hybrids of the Asian leopard cat with domestic cat, backcrossed to domestic cat", "They have a wild appearance with large spots and white bellies.", "They are not at all dangerous. They are regular domestic cats. They were only bred to resemble their wild cousins." ]

[ "Bengal cat", "Bengal cat", "Bengal cat", "Bengal cat" ]

[ "Monkey\nI really love monkeys, they have to be my favorite animal.Do you know anything about them?", "Are there any moneys without tails?", "That is really cool, are there any species in north america?", "Are there hairless monkeys, or is that purely a human trait?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys are haplorhine primates, a group generally possessing tails and consisting of about 260 known living species.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Many monkey species are tree-dwelling (arboreal), although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Most species are also active during the day (diurnal).", "Monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent, particularly Old World monkeys.", "Monkey __knowledge__ There are two major types of monkey: New World monkeys (platyrrhines) from South and Central America and Old World monkeys (catarrhines of the superfamily Cercopithecoidea) from Africa and Asia.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Hominoid apes (consisting of gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans), which all lack tails, are also catarrhines but are not considered monkeys, although often they or their ancestors are (which cladistically automatically implies homonoids are as well.)", "Monkey __knowledge__ (Tailless monkeys may be called \"apes\", incorrectly according to modern usage; thus the tailless Barbary macaque is sometimes called the \"Barbary ape\".)", "Monkey __knowledge__ Simians (\"monkeys\") and tarsiers emerged within haplorrhines some 60 million years ago.", "Monkey __knowledge__ New World monkeys and catarrhine monkeys emerged within the simians some 35 millions years ago.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Old World monkeys and Hominoidea emerged within the catarrhine monkeys some 25 millions years ago.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ MTV News: Unfiltered is an American television series created by Steven Rosenbaum which aired on MTV in the 1990s.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ The half-hour show features footage of real events provided by viewers, and later selected and edited by the show's producers.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ The videos show controversial events in the viewers' community that were not being covered by traditional news outlets.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ Fast Company Magazine described the program this way: \"Every segment of 'MTV News UNfiltered' begins with a phone call.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ About 2,500 a week leave their story pitches on voice mail.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ Steven Rosenbaum and his BNN colleagues review them, identify the best bets, and send out camcorders to their newest correspondents.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The Bronx Zoo is a zoo located within Bronx Park in the Bronx, a borough of New York City.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ It is the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States and among the largest in the world.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ On average, the zoo has 2.15 million visitors each year, and it comprises of park lands and naturalistic habitats, through which the Bronx River flows.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The Bronx Zoo is world-renowned for its large and diverse animal collection, and its award-winning exhibitions.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is part of an integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and it is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ Apartment Life is the second studio album by American band Ivy, released by Atlantic Records on October 6, 1997.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ After being dropped from Seed Records following the release of \"Realistic\" in 1995, the group signed to Atlantic due to connections that Adam Schlesinger had with the record label.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ In addition to band members Andy Chase and Schlesinger, the album was produced by Lloyd Cole and Peter Nashel.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ In contrast to their previous releases, such as \"Lately\" (1994) and \"Realistic\", \"Apartment Life\" is a pop album with varying forms of production consisting of keyboards, brass, and string instruments." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys are haplorhine primates, a group generally possessing tails and consisting of about 260 known living species.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Many monkey species are tree-dwelling (arboreal), although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Most species are also active during the day (diurnal).", "Monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent, particularly Old World monkeys.", "Monkey __knowledge__ There are two major types of monkey: New World monkeys (platyrrhines) from South and Central America and Old World monkeys (catarrhines of the superfamily Cercopithecoidea) from Africa and Asia.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Hominoid apes (consisting of gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans), which all lack tails, are also catarrhines but are not considered monkeys, although often they or their ancestors are (which cladistically automatically implies homonoids are as well.)", "Monkey __knowledge__ (Tailless monkeys may be called \"apes\", incorrectly according to modern usage; thus the tailless Barbary macaque is sometimes called the \"Barbary ape\".)", "Monkey __knowledge__ Simians (\"monkeys\") and tarsiers emerged within haplorrhines some 60 million years ago.", "Monkey __knowledge__ New World monkeys and catarrhine monkeys emerged within the simians some 35 millions years ago.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Old World monkeys and Hominoidea emerged within the catarrhine monkeys some 25 millions years ago.", "Shenyang Modern Tram __knowledge__ Shenyang Modern Tram is a tram network operating in Hunnan New District, Shenyang.", "Shenyang Modern Tram __knowledge__ The tram system mostly uses a traditional overhead wire system, but some sections are wireless with the tram running on partly on super-capacitor batteries charging at every stop, the first in Asia.", "Shenyang Modern Tram __knowledge__ Shenyang once had the largest tramway network in China with service completely stopping in 1974.", "Shenyang Modern Tram __knowledge__ Trams returned in Shenyang with the opening of the Shenyang Modern Tram in 2013.", "Shenyang Modern Tram __knowledge__ The whole plan of Shenyang Modern Tram is running from Olympic Centre, near [[ of Shenyang Metro Line 2 to Shenfu Xincheng, Expo Centre and Taoxian Airport.", "Cat o' nine tails __knowledge__ The cat o' nine tails, commonly shortened to the cat, is a type of multi-tailed whip that originated as an implement for severe physical punishment, notably in the Royal Navy and Army of the United Kingdom, and also as a judicial punishment in Britain and some other countries.", "Cat o' nine tails __knowledge__ The term first appears in 1695, although the design is much older.", "Cat o' nine tails __knowledge__ It was probably so called in reference to its \"claws\", which inflict parallel wounds.", "Cat o' nine tails __knowledge__ There are equivalent terms in many languages, usually strictly translating, and also some analogous terms referring to a similar instrument's number of tails (cord or leather), such as the Dutch \"zevenstaart\" (seven tail[s]), \"negenstaart\" (nine tail[s]), the Spanish \"gato de nueve colas\" or the Italian \"gatto a nove code\".", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ It is one of the most common members within the genus of \"Buteo\" in North America or worldwide.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the \"chickenhawk,\" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.", "Tails (character) __knowledge__ , more commonly known by his nickname , is a fictional character in Sega's \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" series, and the title character's best friend and sidekick.", "Tails (character) __knowledge__ Tails also appears in his own spin-off series as \"Two Tails\" in comic books, cartoons, as well as in an OVA.", "Tails (character) __knowledge__ The name \"Miles Prower\" is a pun on \"miles per hour\", a reference to the famed speed of Sonic the Hedgehog.", "Tails (character) __knowledge__ He is an eight-year-old fox with two tails, hence the nickname.", "Tails (character) __knowledge__ A mechanical genius, he is able to use his two tails to propel himself like a helicopter.", "Tails (character) __knowledge__ He debuted with the release of the 8-bit version of \"Sonic the Hedgehog 2\" in October 1992.", "Shenyang Metro __knowledge__ Shenyang Metro is the metro system for the city of Shenyang, Liaoning province in China.", "Shenyang Metro __knowledge__ This is the 7th operational subway system in Mainland China and the first in Northeast China.", "Shenyang Metro __knowledge__ The system connects with a tram network south of the city.", "Shenyang Metro __knowledge__ The Shenyang Metro consists of Line 1 (east-west), opened on September 27, 2010 with and 22 stations, and Line 2 (north-south), opened on January 9, 2012 with and 22 stations.", "Shenyang Metro __knowledge__ The construction of Line 1 started on November 18, 2005.", "Shenyang Metro __knowledge__ Trial service not open to the public started in September 2009, with the line fully operational in September 2010.", "Shenyang Metro __knowledge__ Construction of a four-station extension east to East Mausoleum Park started in 2009.", "Constitution of New Jersey __knowledge__ The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey.", "Constitution of New Jersey __knowledge__ In addition to three British Royal Charters issued for East Jersey, West Jersey and united New Jersey while they were still colonies, the state has been governed by three constitutions.", "Constitution of New Jersey __knowledge__ The first was issued on July 2, 1776, shortly before New Jersey ratified the United States Declaration of Independence and the second was issued in 1844.", "Constitution of New Jersey __knowledge__ The current document was issued in 1947 and has been amended several times.", "Constitution of New Jersey __knowledge__ The state constitution reinforces the basic rights found in the United States Constitution, but also contains several unique provisions, such as regulations governing the operation of casinos.", "Kite __knowledge__ A kite is traditionally a tethered heavier-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag.", "Kite __knowledge__ A kite consists of wings, tethers, pulleys, and anchors.", "Kite __knowledge__ Kites often have a bridle to guide the face of the kite at the correct angle so the wind can lift it.", "Kite __knowledge__ A kite's wing also may be so designed so a bridle is not needed; when kiting a sailplane for launch, the tether meets the wing at a single point.", "Kite __knowledge__ A kite may have fixed or moving anchors.", "Kite __knowledge__ Untraditionally in technical kiting, a kite consists of tether-set-coupled wing sets; even in technical kiting, though, a wing in the system is still often called the kite.", "Strepsirrhini __knowledge__ Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini (; ) is a suborder of primates that includes the lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Madagascar, galagos (\"bushbabies\") and pottos from Africa, and the lorises from India and southeast Asia.", "Strepsirrhini __knowledge__ Collectively they are referred to as strepsirrhines.", "Strepsirrhini __knowledge__ Also belonging to the suborder are the extinct adapiform primates, a diverse and widespread group that thrived during the Eocene (56 to 34 million years ago [mya]) in Europe, North America, and Asia, but disappeared from most of the Northern Hemisphere as the climate cooled; the last of the adapiforms died out at the end of the Miocene (~7 mya).", "Primate __knowledge__ A primate ( ) is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: \"prime, first rank\").", "Primate __knowledge__ In taxonomy, primates include two distinct lineages, strepsirrhines and haplorhines.", "Primate __knowledge__ Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment.", "Primate __knowledge__ Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal.", "Primate __knowledge__ With the exception of humans, who inhabit every continent, most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia.", "Primate __knowledge__ They range in typical size from Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs only , to the eastern gorilla, weighing over .", "Sexual dimorphism in non-human primates __knowledge__ Sexual dimorphism describes the morphological, physiological, and behavioral differences between males and females of the same species.", "Sexual dimorphism in non-human primates __knowledge__ Most primates are sexually dimorphic for different biological characteristics, such as body size, canine tooth size, craniofacial structure, skeletal dimensions, pelage color, and markings and vocalization.", "Sexual dimorphism in non-human primates __knowledge__ However, such sex differences are primarily limited to the anthropoid primates; most of the strepsirrhine primates (lemurs and lorises) and tarsiers are monomorphic.", "Sexual dimorphism in non-human primates __knowledge__ Extant primates exhibit a broad range of variation in sexual size dimorphism (SSD), or sexual divergence in body size.", "Haplorhini __knowledge__ Haplorhini (the haplorhines or the \"dry-nosed\" primates, the Greek name means \"simple-nosed\") is a suborder of primates containing the tarsiers and the simians (Simiiformes or anthropoids), as sister of the Strepsirrhini.", "Haplorhini __knowledge__ The name is sometimes spelled Haplorrhini.", "Haplorhini __knowledge__ The simians include catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes including humans), and the platyrrhines (New World monkeys).", "Haplorhini __knowledge__ The extinct omomyids, which are considered to be the most basal haplorhines, are believed to be more closely related to the tarsiers than to other haplorhines.", "Haplorhini __knowledge__ The exact relationship is not yet fully established – Williams, Kay and Kirk (2010) prefer the view that tarsiers and simians share a common ancestor, and that common ancestor shares a common ancestor with the omomyids, citing evidence from analysis by Bajpal et al.", "Darwinius __knowledge__ Darwinius is a genus within the infraorder Adapiformes, a group of basal strepsirrhine primates from the middle Eocene epoch.", "Darwinius __knowledge__ Its only known species, Darwinius masillae, lived approximately 47 million years ago (Lutetian stage) based on dating of the fossil site.", "Darwinius __knowledge__ The only known fossil, called Ida, was discovered in 1983 at the Messel pit, a disused quarry near the village of Messel, about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Frankfurt, Germany.", "Darwinius __knowledge__ The fossil, divided into a slab and partial counterslab after the amateur excavation and sold separately, was not reassembled until 2007.", "Darwinius __knowledge__ The fossil is of a juvenile female, approximately overall length, with the head and body length excluding the tail being about .", "Lemur __knowledge__ Lemurs ( ) are a clade of strepsirrhine primates endemic to the island of Madagascar.", "Lemur __knowledge__ The word \"lemur\" derives from the word \"lemures\" (ghosts or spirits) from Roman mythology and was first used to describe a slender loris due to its nocturnal habits and slow pace, but was later applied to the primates on Madagascar.", "Lemur __knowledge__ As with other strepsirrhine primates, such as lorises, pottos, and galagos (bush babies), lemurs share resemblance with basal primates.", "Lemur __knowledge__ In this regard, lemurs are often confused with ancestral primates, when in actuality, lemurs did not give rise to monkeys and apes, but evolved independently." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys are haplorhine primates, a group generally possessing tails and consisting of about 260 known living species.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Many monkey species are tree-dwelling (arboreal), although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Most species are also active during the day (diurnal).", "Monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent, particularly Old World monkeys.", "Monkey __knowledge__ There are two major types of monkey: New World monkeys (platyrrhines) from South and Central America and Old World monkeys (catarrhines of the superfamily Cercopithecoidea) from Africa and Asia.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Hominoid apes (consisting of gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans), which all lack tails, are also catarrhines but are not considered monkeys, although often they or their ancestors are (which cladistically automatically implies homonoids are as well.)", "Monkey __knowledge__ (Tailless monkeys may be called \"apes\", incorrectly according to modern usage; thus the tailless Barbary macaque is sometimes called the \"Barbary ape\".)", "Monkey __knowledge__ Simians (\"monkeys\") and tarsiers emerged within haplorrhines some 60 million years ago.", "Monkey __knowledge__ New World monkeys and catarrhine monkeys emerged within the simians some 35 millions years ago.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Old World monkeys and Hominoidea emerged within the catarrhine monkeys some 25 millions years ago.", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ Ant-Man is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics characters of the same name: Scott Lang and Hank Pym.", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the twelfth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Peyton Reed, with a screenplay by the writing teams Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish, and Adam McKay and Paul Rudd.", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ It stars Rudd as Scott Lang / Ant-Man, alongside Evangeline Lilly, Corey Stoll, Bobby Cannavale, Michael Peña, Tip \"T.I.\"", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ Harris, Anthony Mackie, Wood Harris, Judy Greer, David Dastmalchian, and Michael Douglas as Hank Pym.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ My Ruin is an American Los Angeles-based alternative metal band, composed of the husband and wife duo Tairrie B and Mick Murphy.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ The band has been through various line-up changes since its formation in 1999.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its fanbase is mostly in the UK.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its sound consists of passionate vocals set against heavy rock beats.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Vocalist Tairrie B Murphy has cultivated a reputation both on and off the stage for her aggressive performances and acerbic vocal style.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Over the decade since the band's formation, the sound has evolved and become heavier with each record, with Mick Murphy’s guitar playing becoming a prominent feature along with his solos and riffs.", "Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album) __knowledge__ Breakaway is the second studio album by American singer Kelly Clarkson, released on November 30, 2004, by RCA Records.", "Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album) __knowledge__ The album is a follow-up to her successful debut album, \"Thankful\" (2003).", "Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album) __knowledge__ Executive produced by Clive Davis, \"Breakaway\" sees Clarkson collaborating with various producers and songwriters for the first time, primarily Dr. Luke, Max Martin, John Shanks, Kara DioGuardi, Ben Moody, and David Hodges; the latter two are former members of American rock band Evanescence.", "Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album) __knowledge__ Despite the established commercial success of \"Thankful\", music critics still continued to typecast Clarkson as an \"American Idol\" winner and were also critical of her attempts of establishing a commercial appeal on her own.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Ciara is the fifth studio album by American singer Ciara, which was released on July 9, 2013.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ This album is the artist's first release under Epic Records, since publicly asking the now-defunct Jive Records to release her from her contractual obligations.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ The singer cited a lack of label support and financial funding for her previous albums \"Fantasy Ride\" (2009) and \"Basic Instinct\" (2010).", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ On this fifth studio album, Ciara is reunited with her long-term mentor and friend L.A. Reid, chairman of Epic Records.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Reid is credited with discovering Ciara in 2003 along with signing her to his LaFace Records label and executive-producing her debut studio album, \"Goodies\" (2004).", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago (from the late Pleistocene until the Holocene) to approximately 560 years ago.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ They include both living and extinct species, although the term more frequently refers to the extinct giant lemurs.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ The diversity of subfossil lemur communities was greater than that of present-day lemur communities, ranging from as high as 20 or more species per location, compared with 10 to 12 species today.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ Extinct species are estimated to have ranged in size from slightly over to roughly .", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine life, or sea life or ocean life, refers to the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.", "Marine life __knowledge__ At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine organisms produce much of the oxygen we breathe.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Most life forms evolved initially in marine habitats.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Oceans provide about 99 percent of the living space on the planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ The earliest vertebrates appeared in the form of fish, which live exclusively in water.", "List of birds of Southern Africa __knowledge__ This is a list of the bird species recorded in Southern Africa.", "List of birds of Southern Africa __knowledge__ Southern Africa is defined as Africa south of a line between the Kunene and Zambezi rivers, encompassing Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, mainland South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland and southern and central Mozambique, as well as oceanic waters within of the coast, covering approximately 3.5 million square kilometres.", "List of birds of Southern Africa __knowledge__ In Layard's 1867 treatise on the regional avifauna, he arbitrarily defined \"South Africa\" as the region south of 28° South.", "List of birds of Southern Africa __knowledge__ Sharpe's 1884 revision of Layard's work extended the boundary to the Cuanza and Zambezi rivers, believing that the latter is a natural avifaunal limit.", "Extinction __knowledge__ In biology and ecology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.", "Extinction __knowledge__ The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point.", "Extinction __knowledge__ Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively.", "Extinction __knowledge__ This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly \"reappears\" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ It is one of the most common members within the genus of \"Buteo\" in North America or worldwide.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the \"chickenhawk,\" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys are haplorhine primates, a group generally possessing tails and consisting of about 260 known living species.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Many monkey species are tree-dwelling (arboreal), although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Most species are also active during the day (diurnal).", "Monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent, particularly Old World monkeys.", "Monkey __knowledge__ There are two major types of monkey: New World monkeys (platyrrhines) from South and Central America and Old World monkeys (catarrhines of the superfamily Cercopithecoidea) from Africa and Asia.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Hominoid apes (consisting of gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans), which all lack tails, are also catarrhines but are not considered monkeys, although often they or their ancestors are (which cladistically automatically implies homonoids are as well.)", "Monkey __knowledge__ (Tailless monkeys may be called \"apes\", incorrectly according to modern usage; thus the tailless Barbary macaque is sometimes called the \"Barbary ape\".)", "Monkey __knowledge__ Simians (\"monkeys\") and tarsiers emerged within haplorrhines some 60 million years ago.", "Monkey __knowledge__ New World monkeys and catarrhine monkeys emerged within the simians some 35 millions years ago.", "Monkey __knowledge__ Old World monkeys and Hominoidea emerged within the catarrhine monkeys some 25 millions years ago.", "Nature versus nurture __knowledge__ The nature versus nurture debate is about whether human behaviour is determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes.", "Nature versus nurture __knowledge__ The alliterative expression \"nature and nurture\" in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French.", "Nature versus nurture __knowledge__ The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient (Greek: ).", "Nature versus nurture __knowledge__ Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors.", "Nature versus nurture __knowledge__ Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g.", "Nature versus nurture __knowledge__ the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual.", "Chinese Crested Dog __knowledge__ The Chinese crested dog is a hairless breed of dog.", "Chinese Crested Dog __knowledge__ Like most hairless dog breeds, the Chinese crested comes in two varieties, with and without fur, which are born in the same litter: the Powderpuff and the Hairless.", "Chinese Crested Dog __knowledge__ This breed is considered small; .", "Chinese Crested Dog __knowledge__ At first look, the Hairless and Powderpuff varieties of Chinese crested dogs appear to be two different breeds, but hairlessness is an incomplete dominant trait within a single breed.", "Chinese Crested Dog __knowledge__ The Hairless has soft, humanlike skin, as well as tufts of fur on its paws (\"socks\") and tail (\"plume\") and long, flowing hair on its head (\"crest\").", "Chinese Crested Dog __knowledge__ In addition to being an incomplete dominant gene, the \"hairless\" gene has a prenatal lethal effect when homozygous.", "Evolutionary origin of religions __knowledge__ The emergence of religious behavior by the Neolithic period has been discussed in terms of evolutionary psychology, the origin of language and mythology, cross-cultural comparison of the anthropology of religion, as well as evidence for spirituality or cultic behavior in the Upper Paleolithic, and similarities in great ape behavior.", "Evolutionary origin of religions __knowledge__ Humanity's closest living relatives are common chimpanzees and bonobos.", "Evolutionary origin of religions __knowledge__ These primates share a common ancestor with humans who lived between six and eight million years ago.", "Evolutionary origin of religions __knowledge__ It is for this reason that chimpanzees and bonobos are viewed as the best available surrogate for this common ancestor.", "Mexican Hairless Dog __knowledge__ The Xoloitzcuintli ( ; Nahuatl pronunciation: ), or Xolo for short, is a hairless breed of dog, found in toy, miniature, and standard sizes.", "Mexican Hairless Dog __knowledge__ The Xolo also comes in a coated variety and coated and hairless can be born in the same litter.", "Mexican Hairless Dog __knowledge__ It is also known as Mexican hairless dog in English-speaking countries, and is one of several breeds of hairless dog.", "Mexican Hairless Dog __knowledge__ In Nahuatl, from which its English name originates, its name is \"xōlōitzcuintli\" (singular) and \"xōlōitzcuintin\" (plural).", "Mexican Hairless Dog __knowledge__ The name \"xōlōitzcuintli\" comes from the god \"Xolotl\" and \"itzcuīntli\" , meaning dog in Nahuatl.", "Mexican Hairless Dog __knowledge__ A genetic study was recently conducted in order to determine the origin of the Xoloitzcuintle breed.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ The American Hairless Terrier is a rare breed of dog that was derived as a variant of Rat Terrier.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ As of January 1, 2004, the United Kennel Club deemed the AHT a separate terrier breed, granting it full UKC recognition.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ An intelligent, social and energetic working breed, the American Hairless Terrier is often listed as a potential good breed choice for allergy sufferers.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ The American Hairless Terrier's American ancestry begins with the mixed breed terriers called Feists brought from Europe to North America as early as the 18th century.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ In the late 1800s the Rat Terrier breed was developed from the Feist by the addition of Beagle, Italian Greyhound and Miniature Pinscher bloodlines.", "Animal cognition __knowledge__ Animal cognition describes the mental capacities of non-human animals and the study of those capacities.", "Animal cognition __knowledge__ The field developed from comparative psychology, including the study of animal conditioning and learning.", "Animal cognition __knowledge__ It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary psychology, and hence the alternative name cognitive ethology is sometimes used.", "Animal cognition __knowledge__ Many behaviors associated with the term \"animal intelligence\" are also subsumed within animal cognition.", "Animal cognition __knowledge__ Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals (especially primates, cetaceans, elephants, dogs, cats, pigs, horses, cattle, raccoons and rodents), birds (including parrots, fowl, corvids and pigeons), reptiles (lizards and snakes), fish and invertebrates (including cephalopods, spiders and insects).", "Primate __knowledge__ A primate ( ) is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: \"prime, first rank\").", "Primate __knowledge__ In taxonomy, primates include two distinct lineages, strepsirrhines and haplorhines.", "Primate __knowledge__ Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment.", "Primate __knowledge__ Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal.", "Primate __knowledge__ With the exception of humans, who inhabit every continent, most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia.", "Primate __knowledge__ They range in typical size from Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs only , to the eastern gorilla, weighing over .", "Catarrhini __knowledge__ Catarrhini is one of the two subdivisions of the simians, the other being the plathyrrhine (New World monkeys).", "Catarrhini __knowledge__ The Catarrhini contains the Old World monkeys and the apes; the latter of which are in turn further divided into the lesser apes or gibbons and the great apes, consisting of the orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans.", "Catarrhini __knowledge__ The Catarrhine are all native to Africa and Asia.", "Catarrhini __knowledge__ Members of this parvorder are called catarrhines.", "Catarrhini __knowledge__ The technical distinction between the New World platyrrhines and Old World catarrhines is the shape of their noses.", "Catarrhini __knowledge__ The platyrrhines (from Ancient Greek \"platu-\", \"flat\", and \"rhin-\", \"nose\") have nostrils which face sideways.", "Old World monkey __knowledge__ The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a family of catarrhines, the only family in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade (or parvorder) of Catarrhini.", "Old World monkey __knowledge__ The Old World monkeys are native to Africa and Asia today, inhabiting a range of environments from tropical rain forest to savanna, shrubland and mountainous terrain, and are also known from Europe in the fossil record.", "Old World monkey __knowledge__ However, a (possibly introduced) free-roaming group of monkeys still survives in Gibraltar (Europe) to this day.", "Old World monkey __knowledge__ Old World monkeys include many of the most familiar species of non-human primates, such as baboons and macaques.", "Geoffroy's spider monkey __knowledge__ Geoffroy's spider monkey (\"Ateles geoffroyi\"), also known as the black-handed spider monkey, is a species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, from Central America, parts of Mexico and possibly a small portion of Colombia.", "Geoffroy's spider monkey __knowledge__ There are at least five subspecies.", "Geoffroy's spider monkey __knowledge__ Some primatologists classify the black-headed spider monkey (\"A. fusciceps\"), found in Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador as the same species as Geoffroy's spider monkey.", "Geoffroy's spider monkey __knowledge__ It is one of the largest New World monkeys, often weighing as much as .", "Geoffroy's spider monkey __knowledge__ Its arms are significantly longer than its legs, and its prehensile tail can support the entire weight of the monkey and is used as an extra limb.", "Central American squirrel monkey __knowledge__ The Central American squirrel monkey or (\"Saimiri oerstedii\"), also known as red-backed squirrel monkey, is a squirrel monkey species from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama.", "Central American squirrel monkey __knowledge__ It is restricted to the northwestern tip of Panama near the border with Costa Rica, and the central and southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica, primarily in Manuel Antonio and Corcovado National Parks.", "Central American squirrel monkey __knowledge__ It is a small monkey with an orange back and a distinctive white and black facial mask.", "Central American squirrel monkey __knowledge__ It has an omnivorous diet, eating fruits, other plant materials, invertebrates and some small vertebrates.", "Central American squirrel monkey __knowledge__ In turn, it has a number of predators, including raptors, cats and snakes.", "New World monkey __knowledge__ New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Central and South America and Mexico: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae.", "New World monkey __knowledge__ The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea, the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini.", "New World monkey __knowledge__ Platyrrhini means flat-nosed, and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils.", "New World monkey __knowledge__ Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails.", "New World monkey __knowledge__ New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini (\"down-nosed,\" comprising Old World monkeys and apes)." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 5, 7 ]

[ "Ah, yes, haplorhine primates, well for one they generally have tails!", "Well there are about 260 known living species, some with and some without tails!", "Oh, yes, the New World monkey (platyrrhines) is from South and Central America", "Oh, yes, but tailless monkeys may be called \"apes\"" ]

[ "Monkey", "Monkey", "Monkey", "Monkey" ]

[ "David Mach", "No I haven't heard of David Mach. Is he famous?", "Is he still alive and when was he born?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "David Mach __knowledge__ David Mach (born 18 March 1956 in Methil, Fife) is a Scottish sculptor and installation artist.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach's artistic style is based on flowing assemblages of mass-produced objects.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Typically these include magazines,vicious teddy bears,newspapers, car tyres, match sticks and coat hangers.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Many of his installations are temporary and constructed in public spaces.", "David Mach __knowledge__ One example of his early magazine pieces, \"Adding Fuel to the Fire\", was an installation assembled from an old truck and several cars surrounded and subsumed by about 100 tons of magazines, individually arranged to create the impression that the vehicles were being caught in an explosion of flames and billowing smoke.", "David Mach __knowledge__ An early influential sculpture was \"Polaris,\" exhibited outside the Royal Festival Hall, South Bank Centre, London in 1983.", "David Mach __knowledge__ This consisted of some 6000 car tyres arranged as a lifesize replica of a Polaris submarine.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach intended it as a protest against the nuclear arms race meant to stir controversy.", "David Mach __knowledge__ A member of the public who took exception to the piece tried to burn it down; unfortunately, he got caught in the flames himself and suffered fatal burns.", "David Mach __knowledge__ In the early 1980s Mach started to produce some smaller-scale works assembled out of unstruck match sticks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "David Mach __knowledge__ David Mach (born 18 March 1956 in Methil, Fife) is a Scottish sculptor and installation artist.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach's artistic style is based on flowing assemblages of mass-produced objects.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Typically these include magazines,vicious teddy bears,newspapers, car tyres, match sticks and coat hangers.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Many of his installations are temporary and constructed in public spaces.", "David Mach __knowledge__ One example of his early magazine pieces, \"Adding Fuel to the Fire\", was an installation assembled from an old truck and several cars surrounded and subsumed by about 100 tons of magazines, individually arranged to create the impression that the vehicles were being caught in an explosion of flames and billowing smoke.", "David Mach __knowledge__ An early influential sculpture was \"Polaris,\" exhibited outside the Royal Festival Hall, South Bank Centre, London in 1983.", "David Mach __knowledge__ This consisted of some 6000 car tyres arranged as a lifesize replica of a Polaris submarine.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach intended it as a protest against the nuclear arms race meant to stir controversy.", "David Mach __knowledge__ A member of the public who took exception to the piece tried to burn it down; unfortunately, he got caught in the flames himself and suffered fatal burns.", "David Mach __knowledge__ In the early 1980s Mach started to produce some smaller-scale works assembled out of unstruck match sticks.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach () is an operating system kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computing.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach is often mentioned as one of the earliest examples of a microkernel.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ However, not all versions of Mach are microkernels.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach's derivatives are the basis of the modern operating system kernels in GNU Hurd and Apple's operating systems macOS, iOS, tvOS, and watchOS.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ The project at Carnegie Mellon ran from 1985 to 1994, ending with Mach 3.0, which is a true microkernel.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach was developed as a replacement for the kernel in the BSD version of Unix, so no new operating system would have to be designed around it.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang Mach 1 is a performance-oriented option package of the Ford Mustang, originally introduced by Ford in August 1968 as a package for the 1969 model year.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ The Mach 1 title adorned performance oriented Mustang offerings until the original retirement of the moniker in 1978.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ As part of a Ford heritage program, the Mach 1 package returned in 2003 as a high performance version of the New Edge platform.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ Visual connections to the 1969 model were integrated into the design to pay homage to the original.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ This generation of the Mach 1 was discontinued after the 2004 model year, with the introduction of the fifth-generation Mustang.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ Speed Racer, also known as , is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ \"Mach GoGoGo\" was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 \"Shōnen Book\".", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ It was released in tankōbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ Selected chapters of the manga were released by NOW Comics in the 1990s under the title \"Speed Racer Classics\".", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ These were later released by Wildstorm Productions, a division of DC Comics, as \"Speed Racer: The Original Manga\".", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ The red telephone box, a telephone kiosk for a public telephone designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, was a familiar sight on the streets of the United Kingdom, Malta, Bermuda and Gibraltar.", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ Despite a reduction in their numbers in recent years, the traditional British red telephone kiosk can still be seen in many places throughout the UK, and in current or former British colonies around the world.", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ The colour red was chosen to make them easy to spot.", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ From 1926 onwards, the fascias of the kiosks were emblazoned with a prominent crown, representing the British government.", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ The red phone box is often seen as a British cultural icon throughout the world.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ The is in charge of investigating the strange happenings regarding the Roidmude and \"Heaviness\" within the city.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ This division is located inside .", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ They are assisted by Kamen Rider Drive, but very few on the force are aware of his identity.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ After the Roidmudes' (Banno's) case is over, the division is finally disbanded.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ is a young man who joined the Metropolitan Police to solve the mystery behind the death of his father Eisuke Tomari.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ During an event called the Global Freeze, while tracking down a terrorist organization called Neo-Shade, Shinnosuke accidentally left his squad partner Akira Hayase behind and he was critically wounded.", "Mach number __knowledge__ In fluid dynamics, the Mach number (M or Ma) (; ) is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound.", "Mach number __knowledge__ where: By definition, Mach 1 is equal to the speed of sound.", "Mach number __knowledge__ Mach 0.65 is 65% of the speed of sound (subsonic), and Mach 1.35 is 35% faster than the speed of sound (supersonic).", "Mach number __knowledge__ The local speed of sound, and thereby the Mach number, depends on the condition of the surrounding medium, in particular the temperature.", "Mach number __knowledge__ The Mach number is primarily used to determine the approximation with which a flow can be treated as an incompressible flow.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ The Turner Prize, named after the English painter J. M. W. Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual artist.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ Between 1991 and 2016, only artists under the age of 50 were eligible (this restriction was removed for the 2017 award).", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ Awarding the prize is organised by the Tate gallery and usually staged at Tate Britain, though in recent years the award ceremony has sometimes been held in other UK cities.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ Since its beginnings in 1984 it has become the UK's most publicised art award.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ The award represents all media.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ As of 2004, the monetary award was established at £40,000.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ There have been different sponsors, including Channel 4 television and Gordon's Gin.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ Sculpture in Scotland includes all visual arts operating in three dimensions in the borders of modern Scotland.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes traditionally include carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material), in stone, metal, clay, wood and other materials.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ In the modern era these were joined by assembly by welding, modelling, moulding and casting.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ Some installation art can also be considered to be sculpture.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ The earliest surviving sculptures from Scotland are standing stones and circles from around 3000 BCE.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ The oldest portable visual art are carved-stone petrospheres and the Westray Wife is the earliest representation of a human face found in Scotland.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ Scottish art is the body of visual art made in what is now Scotland, or about Scottish subjects, since prehistoric times.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ It forms a distinctive tradition within European art, but the political union with England has led its partial subsumation in British art.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ The earliest examples of art from what is now Scotland are highly decorated carved stone balls from the Neolithic period.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ From the Bronze Age there are examples of carvings, including the first representations of objects, and cup and ring marks.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ More extensive Scottish examples of patterned objects and gold work are found the Iron Age.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ Elaborately carved Pictish stones and impressive metalwork emerged in Scotland the early Middle Ages.", "K Foundation art award __knowledge__ The 1994 K Foundation award was an award given by the K Foundation (Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty) to the \"worst artist of the year\".", "K Foundation art award __knowledge__ The shortlist for the £40,000 K Foundation award was identical to the shortlist for the well-established but controversial £20,000 Turner Prize for the best British contemporary artist.", "K Foundation art award __knowledge__ On the evening of 23 November 1993, Rachel Whiteread was presented with the 1993 Turner Prize inside London's Tate Gallery, and the 1994 K Foundation award on the street outside.", "K Foundation art award __knowledge__ Prior to presenting their award, the K Foundation held a private exhibit of a collection of art works entitled \"Money - A Major Body of Cash\".", "Art in modern Scotland __knowledge__ Art in modern Scotland includes all aspects of the visual arts in the country since the beginning of the twentieth century.", "Art in modern Scotland __knowledge__ In the early twentieth century, the art scene was dominated by the work of the members of the Glasgow School known as the Four, led Charles Rennie Mackintosh, who gained an international reputation for their combination of Celtic revival, Art and Crafts and Art Nouveau.", "Art in modern Scotland __knowledge__ They were followed by the Scottish Colourists and the Edinburgh School.", "Art in modern Scotland __knowledge__ There was a growing interest in forms of Modernism, with William Johnstone helping to develop the concept of a Scottish Renaissance.", "Art in modern Scotland __knowledge__ In the post-war period, major artists, including John Bellany and Alexander Moffat, pursued a strand of \"Scottish realism\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "David Mach __knowledge__ David Mach (born 18 March 1956 in Methil, Fife) is a Scottish sculptor and installation artist.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach's artistic style is based on flowing assemblages of mass-produced objects.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Typically these include magazines,vicious teddy bears,newspapers, car tyres, match sticks and coat hangers.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Many of his installations are temporary and constructed in public spaces.", "David Mach __knowledge__ One example of his early magazine pieces, \"Adding Fuel to the Fire\", was an installation assembled from an old truck and several cars surrounded and subsumed by about 100 tons of magazines, individually arranged to create the impression that the vehicles were being caught in an explosion of flames and billowing smoke.", "David Mach __knowledge__ An early influential sculpture was \"Polaris,\" exhibited outside the Royal Festival Hall, South Bank Centre, London in 1983.", "David Mach __knowledge__ This consisted of some 6000 car tyres arranged as a lifesize replica of a Polaris submarine.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach intended it as a protest against the nuclear arms race meant to stir controversy.", "David Mach __knowledge__ A member of the public who took exception to the piece tried to burn it down; unfortunately, he got caught in the flames himself and suffered fatal burns.", "David Mach __knowledge__ In the early 1980s Mach started to produce some smaller-scale works assembled out of unstruck match sticks.", "Still Alive __knowledge__ \"Still Alive\" is a song featured in the closing credits of the 2007 video game \"Portal\".", "Still Alive __knowledge__ It was composed and arranged by Jonathan Coulton and was performed by Ellen McLain, while portraying the \"Portal\" character GLaDOS.", "Still Alive __knowledge__ The song originated in a meeting between two Valve Corporation developers and Coulton about him writing a song for the company, which Coulton accepted as he was a fan of Valve's \"Half-Life\" series.", "Still Alive __knowledge__ The song plays during the end credits in-song in the form of a computer console, and plays after GLaDOS is defeated by Chell, the game's protagonist and player character, with the lyrics revealing that GLaDOS is, in fact, \"still alive\" and not angry with anything.", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ The Dominici affair was the criminal investigation into the triple murder of three Britons in France.", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ During the night of 4/5 August 1952, Sir Jack Drummond, a 61-year-old scientist; his 44-year-old wife Anne Wilbraham; and their 10-year-old daughter Elizabeth were murdered next to their car which was parked in a lay-by near \"La Grand'Terre\", the farm belonging to the Dominici family, located near the village of Lurs in the département of Basses-Alpes (now Alpes-de-Haute-Provence).", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ Family patriarch Gaston Dominici was convicted of the three murders in 1957 and sentenced to death, though it was widely believed that his guilt had not been clearly established.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Still Alive: The Remixes __knowledge__ Still Alive: The Remixes is a remix album comprising different versions of the song \"Still Alive\" by Swedish pop rock singer Lisa Miskovsky.", "Still Alive: The Remixes __knowledge__ It was released by Artwerk on 11 November 2008 to coincide with the North American release date of \"Mirror's Edge\", an action-adventure video game developed by EA Digital Illusions CE (DICE) for which \"Still Alive\" had been chosen as the main theme.", "Still Alive: The Remixes __knowledge__ The song \"Still Alive\" was recorded exclusively for the video game \"Mirror's Edge\".", "Still Alive: The Remixes __knowledge__ The music was written and produced by Arnthor Birgisson and Rami Yacoub, who have also written material for artists such as Britney Spears, Shayne Ward and Westlife; Miskovsky wrote the lyrics.", "Rex Balsom __knowledge__ Rex Balsom is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"One Life to Live\", portrayed by John-Paul Lavoisier from May 9, 2002, to January 12, 2012.", "Rex Balsom __knowledge__ With the character initially named \"Jamie\" prior to production, then-Executive Producer Gary Tomlin \"toyed with the idea\" of putting Rex in a gay storyline and Lavoisier stated in \"Soap Opera Digest\" in 2003: \"I was asked by the higher powers at the show how I would feel about doing something like that.", "Rex Balsom __knowledge__ I said, 'Absolutely, any plot you want to give me, I'll take on strong.'", "Rex Balsom __knowledge__ And they said, 'Okay, we just wanted to check.'\"", "Rex Balsom __knowledge__ However, this idea never realized, with the character repeatedly paired with women.", "Portal (video game) __knowledge__ Portal is a puzzle-platform video game developed and published by Valve Corporation.", "Portal (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in a bundle package called \"The Orange Box\" for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in 2007.", "Portal (video game) __knowledge__ The game has since been ported to other systems, including OS X, Linux, and Android.", "Portal (video game) __knowledge__ \"Portal\" consists primarily of a series of puzzles that must be solved by teleporting the player's character and simple objects using \"the Aperture Science Handheld Portal Device\", a device that can create inter-spatial portals between two flat planes.", "Portal (video game) __knowledge__ The player-character, Chell, is challenged and taunted by an artificial intelligence named GLaDOS (Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System) to complete each puzzle in the Aperture Science Enrichment Center using the portal gun with the promise of receiving cake when all the puzzles are completed.", "Alive (EP) __knowledge__ Alive is the fifth Korean-language extended play by South Korean group Big Bang.", "Alive (EP) __knowledge__ It was released on February 29, 2012 by YG Entertainment.", "Alive (EP) __knowledge__ Big Bang members G-Dragon and T.O.P wrote the music and lyrics, respectively, for nearly all tracks on the album.", "Alive (EP) __knowledge__ The EP had three singles,\"Blue\", \"Fantastic Baby\", and \"Bad Boy\".", "Alive (EP) __knowledge__ A repackaged version of the EP entitled \"Still Alive\" was released on June 3, 2012, and featured the single, \"Monster\".", "Alive (EP) __knowledge__ Both EP versions and their singles achieved commercial success on music charts in South Korea, and the EP became the first K-Pop album to chart on the United States' \"Billboard\" 200.", "Israeli sculpture __knowledge__ Israeli sculpture designates sculpture produced in the Land of Israel from 1906, the year the \"Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts\" (today called the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design) was established.", "Israeli sculpture __knowledge__ The process of crystallization of Israeli sculpture was influenced at every stage by international sculpture.", "Israeli sculpture __knowledge__ In the early period of Israeli sculpture, most of its important sculptors were immigrants to the Land of Israel, and their art was a synthesis of the influence of European sculpture with the way in which the national artistic identity developed in the Land of Israel and later in the State of Israel.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Visual arts in Israel refers to plastic art created in the Land of Israel/Palestine region, from the later part of the 19th century until today, or art created by Israeli artists.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Visual art in Israel encompasses a wide spectrum of techniques, styles and themes reflecting a dialogue with Jewish art throughout the ages and attempts to formulate a national identity.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Early art in the Land of Israel was mainly decorative art of a religious nature (primarily Jewish or Christian), produced for religious pilgrims, but also for export and local consumption.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ These objects included decorated tablets, embossed soaps, rubber stamps, etc., most of which were decorated with motifs from graphic arts.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ The rate of stylistic development between about 750 and 300 BC was remarkable by ancient standards, and in surviving works is best seen in sculpture.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ There were important innovations in painting, which have to be essentially reconstructed due to the lack of original survivals of quality, other than the distinct field of painted pottery.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Greek architecture, technically very simple, established a harmonious style with numerous detailed conventions that were largely adopted by Roman architecture and are still followed in some modern buildings.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ In the history of art, prehistoric art is all art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes significant contact with another culture that has, and that makes some record of major historical events.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ At this point ancient art begins, for the older literate cultures.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ The end-date for what is covered by the term thus varies greatly between different parts of the world.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ The earliest human artifacts showing evidence of workmanship with an artistic purpose are the subject of some debate.", "Bronze and brass ornamental work __knowledge__ The use of bronze dates from remote antiquity.", "Bronze and brass ornamental work __knowledge__ This important metal is an alloy composed of copper and tin, in proportion which vary slightly, but may be normally considered as nine parts of copper to one of tin.", "Bronze and brass ornamental work __knowledge__ Other ingredients which are occasionally found are more or less accidental.", "Bronze and brass ornamental work __knowledge__ The result is a metal of a rich golden brown colour, capable of being worked by casting — a process little applicable to its component parts, but peculiarly successful with bronze, the density and hardness of the metal allowing it to take any impression of a mould, however delicate.", "Bronze and brass ornamental work __knowledge__ It is thus possible to create ornamental work of various kinds." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 1 ]

[ "Hello, have you heard of David Mach, the Scottish sculptor and installation artist?", "Sort of, his artistic style is well known for being based on flowing assemblages of mass-produced objects.", "Yes he is, he was born on 18 March 1956 in Methil, Fife" ]

[ "David Mach", "David Mach", "David Mach" ]

[ "Honda Civic", "I like Honda Civics! Is it true that they are really reliable?", "That is pretty cool. I know the American auto industry can be really complex." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Honda Civic was launched in the North American market in April 2011, Europe in February 2012, and Asia in early 2012.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ In May 2010, the ninth-generation Civic was said to be delayed into 2011 because of changing market conditions and tougher fuel economy and emissions regulations.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was originally planned to become bigger, but after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the global credit crisis in 2008, Honda wanted to make the car smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient, while increasing space inside.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ On December 13, 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\"", "Honda Civic (sixth generation) __knowledge__ The sixth-generation Honda Civic was introduced in 1995 with 3-door hatchback, 4-door sedan and 2-door coupe body-styles, replicating its predecessor's line-up.", "Honda Civic (sixth generation) __knowledge__ A 5-door hatchback was also produced to replace the Honda Concerto hatchback in Europe but this model, while using the same design language as the rest of the Civic range, was quite distinct, instead being a hatchback version of the Honda Domani, sharing that car's platform which was related to the fifth-generation (EG/EH/EJ) Civic.", "Honda Civic (sixth generation) __knowledge__ The Domani replaced the sedan version of the Concerto in Japan while the sedan version of the Concerto was directly replaced by the sixth-generation Civic sedan in other markets.", "Honda Civic (first generation) __knowledge__ The first generation Honda Civic is an automobile which was produced by Honda in Japan from July 1972 to 1979.", "Honda Civic (first generation) __knowledge__ Honda began selling the 1169 cc (70 in³) transversely mounted inline-four engine Civic for about US$2,200.", "Honda Civic (first generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was largely developed as a new platform, and was the result of taking the previous Honda N600 and increasing the length, width, height, and wheelbase.", "Honda Civic (first generation) __knowledge__ The engine displacement was almost double the previous N600 (599 cc) at 1,170 cc, with two more cylinders added.", "Honda Civic (first generation) __knowledge__ The car produced roughly 50 hp (37 kW) and included power front disc brakes, vinyl seating, reclining bucket seats, and a woodgrain-accented dashboard which has many similarities to the later Rover SD1.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Si is a sport compact trim of Civic by Honda.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ The Si (Sport Injected) trim was introduced for the third generation of Honda Civics in both Japan and North America.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ In Canada and elsewhere the trim became known as the SiR for the sixth and seventh generations, and the Si trim was equivalent to the USDM EX model.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ For the Japanese and European markets, the Civic Type R was adopted as the high-performance variant of the Civic, starting with the EK9 hatch for Japan in 1996 and then with the EP3 hatch for Europe in 2001.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ In North America the Type R name was never used until the 2017 model year with the launch of the Honda Civic Type R. Previous to this the Si label was the highest in North America(except for Acura vehicles).", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ The eighth generation of the Honda Civic was introduced in September 2005, for the 2006 model year.", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ This generation introduced the \"two-tier\" instrument panel.", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ In many countries (USA, UK, New Zealand), all models (including the base model) come standard with power windows, anti-lock brakes (ABS), and side/curtain airbags (for a total of six airbags).", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ Additionally, the 2006 models acquired ULEV-2 (Ultra Low Emission Vehicle) certification and boast a more powerful 1.8-litre engine than the 2005 counterparts while retaining almost equal fuel economy.", "Honda Civic (eighth generation) __knowledge__ In the North American market, the sedan and coupe styles are available, which were designed in Japan and Ohio, respectively.", "Hasegawa Corporation __knowledge__ The is a company that manufactures plastic model kits of a variety of vehicles, including model aircraft, model cars, model ships, model armor, model space craft and science fiction kits.", "Hasegawa Corporation __knowledge__ Based in Shizuoka, Japan, Hasegawa competes against its neighbor, Tamiya, though it does not have as large a line of products.", "Hasegawa Corporation __knowledge__ Primarily using polystyrene, Hasegawa kits are typically regarded as very accurate, but without quite the ease-of-assembly that Tamiya kits offer, though of very high standard nonetheless.", "Hasegawa Corporation __knowledge__ Currently, Hasegawa kits are imported into North America by Hobbico's Great Planes Model Distributor division.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made by Honda Motor Company of Japan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ It features a lightened and stiffened body, specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ Red is also used in the badge interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda models.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ In Japan, there is a one-make series of Honda Type R cars where a privateer can purchase an off-road Type R and compete in a series championship, which is a stepping stone for many aspiring racing drivers.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The Honda City is a compact car which has been produced by the Japanese manufacturer Honda since 1981.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Originally made for the Japanese, European and Australasian markets, the subcompact City 3-door hatchback was retired in 1994 after the second generation.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The nameplate was revived in 1996 for use on a series of compact four-door sedans aimed primarily at developing markets, first mainly sold in Asia outside Japan but later also in Latin America and Australia.", "Honda City __knowledge__ From 2002 to 2008, the City was also sold as the Honda Fit Aria in Japan.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Since then, it has been a compact sedan built on Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is shared with the Fit/Jazz (a five-door hatchback), the Airwave/Partner (a wagon/panel van version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike—all of which share the location of the fuel tank under the front seats rather than rear seats." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ The automotive industry in the United States began in the 1890s and, as a result of the size of the domestic market and the use of mass-production, rapidly evolved into the largest in the world.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ However, the United States was overtaken as the largest automobile producer by Japan in the 1980s, and subsequently by China in 2008.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. is currently second among the largest manufacturer in the world by volume, with approximately 8-10 million manufactured annually.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ Notable exceptions were 5.7 million automobiles manufactured in 2009 (due to crisis), and peak production levels of 13-15 million units during the 1970s and early 2000s.", "Detroit __knowledge__ Detroit () is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.", "Detroit __knowledge__ The municipality of Detroit had a 2016 estimated population of 672,795, making it the 23rd-most populous city in the United States.", "Detroit __knowledge__ The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after Chicago.", "Detroit __knowledge__ Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River, one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "Detroit __knowledge__ The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ This article provides an overview of the automotive industry in countries around the world.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ The United States was the world's largest automobile producer by volume from the early years of the 20th century until the 1980s, when it was overtaken by Japan.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ In 2009, China became the world's largest vehicle producer.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Algeria's automotive industry is among the largest on the African continent (together with South Africa, Egypt and Morocco) and can exceed 500,000 units a year.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Renault is the largest manufacturer with an estimated 25.5 percent of the national car market.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Other carmakers represented there include Volkswagen (second largest), Peugeot, Hyundai (fifth largest), Nissan, and Fiat.", "Decline of Detroit __knowledge__ The city of Detroit, in the U.S. state of Michigan, has gone through a major economic and demographic decline in recent decades.", "Decline of Detroit __knowledge__ The population of the city has fallen from a high of 1,850,000 in 1950 to 677,116 in 2015, kicking it off the top 20 of US cities by population for the first time since 1850.", "Decline of Detroit __knowledge__ The city's automobile industry has suffered from global competition and has moved much of the remaining production out of Detroit.", "Decline of Detroit __knowledge__ Local crime rates are among the highest in the United States (despite this, the overall crime rate in the city has seen a decline during the 21st century), and vast areas of the city are in a state of severe urban decay.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Malaysia consists of 27 vehicle producers and over 640 component manufacturers.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The Malaysian automotive industry is the third largest in Southeast Asia, and the 23rd largest in the world, with an annual production output of over 500,000 vehicles.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry contributes 4% or RM 40 billion to Malaysia's GDP, and employs a workforce of over 700,000 throughout a nationwide ecosystem.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Malaysia traces its origins back to the British Malayan colonial era.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ Ford Malaya became the first automobile assembly plant in Southeast Asia upon its establishment in Singapore in 1926.", "Automotive industry crisis of 2008–10 __knowledge__ The automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010 was a part of a global financial downturn.", "Automotive industry crisis of 2008–10 __knowledge__ The crisis affected European and Asian automobile manufacturers, but it was primarily felt in the American automobile manufacturing industry.", "Automotive industry crisis of 2008–10 __knowledge__ The downturn also affected Canada by virtue of the Automotive Products Trade Agreement.", "Automotive industry crisis of 2008–10 __knowledge__ The automotive industry was weakened by a substantial increase in the prices of automotive fuels linked to the 2003-2008 energy crisis which discouraged purchases of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and pickup trucks which have low fuel economy.", "Automotive industry crisis of 2008–10 __knowledge__ The popularity and relatively high profit margins of these vehicles had encouraged the American \"Big Three\" automakers, General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler to make them their primary focus.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ Beginning in the later half of 2008, a global-scale recession adversely affected the economy of the United States.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ A combination of several years of declining automobile sales and scarce availability of credit led to a more widespread crisis in the United States auto industry in the years of 2008 and 2009.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ Following dramatic drops in automobile sales throughout 2008, two of the \"Big Three\" U.S. automakers – General Motors (GM), and Chrysler – requested emergency loans in order to address impending cash shortages.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ By April 2009, the situation had worsened such that both GM and Chrysler were faced with imminent bankruptcy and liquidation.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "History of the Japanese in Metro Detroit __knowledge__ In 2002, there were 6,413 people of Japanese origin, including Japanese citizens and Japanese Americans, in the Wayne-Oakland-Macomb tri-county area in Metro Detroit, making them the fifth largest Asian ethnic group there.", "History of the Japanese in Metro Detroit __knowledge__ In that year, within an area stretching from Sterling Heights to Canton Township in the shape of a crescent, most of the ethnic Japanese lived in the center.", "History of the Japanese in Metro Detroit __knowledge__ In 2002, the largest populations of ethnic Japanese people were located in Novi and West Bloomfield Township.", "History of the Japanese in Metro Detroit __knowledge__ In April 2013, the largest Japanese national population in the State of Michigan was in Novi, with 2,666 Japanese residents.", "American Honda Motor Company __knowledge__ The American Honda Motor Company, Inc. (sometimes abbreviated as AHM) is a North American subsidiary of the Honda Motor Company, Ltd.", "American Honda Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded in 1959.", "American Honda Motor Company __knowledge__ The company combines product sales, service and coordinating functions of Honda in North America, and is responsible for distribution, marketing and sales of Honda and Acura brand automobiles, Honda power sports products, including motorcycles, scooters and all-terrain vehicles, and Honda power equipment products, including lawnmowers, tillers, string trimmers, generators, small displacement general-purpose engines and marine outboard engines.", "Ishirō Honda __knowledge__ , sometimes miscredited in foreign releases as \"Inoshiro Honda\", was a Japanese film director.", "Ishirō Honda __knowledge__ He is best known for his kaiju and tokusatsu films, including several entries in the \"Godzilla\" series, but also worked extensively in the documentary and war genres earlier in his career.", "Ishirō Honda __knowledge__ Honda was also a lifelong friend and collaborator of Akira Kurosawa, and worked with Kurosawa extensively during the 1980s and 1990s.", "Ishirō Honda __knowledge__ Honda was born in Asahi, Yamagata (now part of the city of Tsuruoka) and was the fifth and youngest child of Hokan and Miho Honda.", "Ishirō Honda __knowledge__ He had three brothers: Takamoto, Ryokichi, Ryuzo, and one sister: Tomi, who passed away during her childhood.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The Honda City is a compact car which has been produced by the Japanese manufacturer Honda since 1981.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Originally made for the Japanese, European and Australasian markets, the subcompact City 3-door hatchback was retired in 1994 after the second generation.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The nameplate was revived in 1996 for use on a series of compact four-door sedans aimed primarily at developing markets, first mainly sold in Asia outside Japan but later also in Latin America and Australia.", "Honda City __knowledge__ From 2002 to 2008, the City was also sold as the Honda Fit Aria in Japan.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Since then, it has been a compact sedan built on Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is shared with the Fit/Jazz (a five-door hatchback), the Airwave/Partner (a wagon/panel van version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike—all of which share the location of the fuel tank under the front seats rather than rear seats." ] ]

[ 1, 37, 46 ]

[ "I drive a Honda Civic, it's a line of cars manufactured by Honda", "I know that Honda became the second largest japanese automobile since 2001. I love mine, I've had no problems.", "Yeah in fact, it was Honda to be the first japanese brand to release a luxury car, the accord in 1986" ]

[ "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic" ]

[ "Blue", "I agree but I always get confused, what are the other primary colors?", "Out of the primary colors, I think green would be my favorite. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ A set of primary colors is, most tangibly, a set of \"real\" physical pigmented media or colored lights that can be combined in varying amounts to produce a \"gamut\" of colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ This is the essential method used in applications that are intended to elicit the perception of diverse sets of color, e.g.", "Primary color __knowledge__ electronic displays, color printing, and paintings.", "Primary color __knowledge__ Perceptions associated with a given combination of primary colors are predicted by applying the appropriate mixing model (additive, subtractive, additive averaging etc.)", "Primary color __knowledge__ that embodies the underlying physics of how light interacts with the media and ultimately the retina.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Color mixing __knowledge__ There are two types of color mixing: \"Additive\" and \"Subtractive\".", "Color mixing __knowledge__ In both cases, there are three primary colors, three secondary colors (colors made from 2 of the three primary colors in equal amounts), and one tertiary color made from all three primary colors.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ This point is a common source of confusion, as there are different sets of primary colors depending on whether you are working with additive or subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ The additive mixing of colors is unintuitive as it does not correspond to the mixing of physical substances (such as paint) which would correspond to subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ For instance, one can additively mix yellow and blue by shining yellow light together with blue light, which will result in not green but a white light.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ This article provides introductory information about the RGB, HSV, and HSL color models from a computer graphics (Web page, image) perspective.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ An introduction to colors is also provided to support the main discussion.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ First, \"color\" refers to the human brain's subjective interpretation of combinations of a narrow band of wavelengths of light.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For this reason, the definition of \"color\" is not based on a strict set of physical phenomena.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ Therefore, even basic concepts like \"primary colors\" are not clearly defined.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For example, traditional \"Painter's Colors\" use red, blue, and yellow as the primary colors, \"Printer's Colors\" use cyan, yellow, and magenta, and \"Light Colors\" use red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ This is a list of colors sorted by shade.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ White is a balanced combination of all the colors of the visible light spectrum, or of a pair of complementary colors, or of three or more colors, such as additive primary colors.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic (\"without color\") color, like black and gray.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ Achromatic grays are colors between black and white with no hue.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ Chromatic grays are achromatic grays mixed with warm hues such as orange (\"warm grays\") or cool hues such as azure (\"cool grays\").", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ This gray color template includes both achromatic and chromatic grays.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ Black is the darkest color, the result of the absence or complete absorption of light.", "Color wheel __knowledge__ A color wheel or colour circle is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle, which shows the relationships between primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors etc.", "Color wheel __knowledge__ Some sources use the terms \"color wheel\" and \"color circle\" interchangeably; however, one term or the other may be more prevalent in certain fields or certain versions as mentioned above.", "Color wheel __knowledge__ For instance, some reserve the term \"color wheel\" for mechanical rotating devices, such as color tops or filter wheels.", "Color wheel __knowledge__ Others classify various color wheels as \"color disc\", \"color chart\", and \"color scale\" varieties.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ In this section, the term tint is used in its technical sense as used in color theory, meaning a blueish color mixed with white or light gray.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ With a hue code of 199, this color is a tone of azure." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Primary color __knowledge__ A set of primary colors is, most tangibly, a set of \"real\" physical pigmented media or colored lights that can be combined in varying amounts to produce a \"gamut\" of colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ This is the essential method used in applications that are intended to elicit the perception of diverse sets of color, e.g.", "Primary color __knowledge__ electronic displays, color printing, and paintings.", "Primary color __knowledge__ Perceptions associated with a given combination of primary colors are predicted by applying the appropriate mixing model (additive, subtractive, additive averaging etc.)", "Primary color __knowledge__ that embodies the underlying physics of how light interacts with the media and ultimately the retina.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ There are two types of color mixing: \"Additive\" and \"Subtractive\".", "Color mixing __knowledge__ In both cases, there are three primary colors, three secondary colors (colors made from 2 of the three primary colors in equal amounts), and one tertiary color made from all three primary colors.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ This point is a common source of confusion, as there are different sets of primary colors depending on whether you are working with additive or subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ The additive mixing of colors is unintuitive as it does not correspond to the mixing of physical substances (such as paint) which would correspond to subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ For instance, one can additively mix yellow and blue by shining yellow light together with blue light, which will result in not green but a white light.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ This article provides introductory information about the RGB, HSV, and HSL color models from a computer graphics (Web page, image) perspective.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ An introduction to colors is also provided to support the main discussion.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ First, \"color\" refers to the human brain's subjective interpretation of combinations of a narrow band of wavelengths of light.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For this reason, the definition of \"color\" is not based on a strict set of physical phenomena.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ Therefore, even basic concepts like \"primary colors\" are not clearly defined.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For example, traditional \"Painter's Colors\" use red, blue, and yellow as the primary colors, \"Printer's Colors\" use cyan, yellow, and magenta, and \"Light Colors\" use red, green, and blue.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Green is common in nature, especially in plants.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants.", "Shades of red __knowledge__ Varieties of the color red may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of red __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a red or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of red __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of red __knowledge__ At right is displayed the web color pink, a light tint of red.", "Shades of red __knowledge__ The \"pink\" is often considered to be a basic color term on its own.", "Shades of red __knowledge__ At right is displayed the pinkish tone of salmon that is called \"salmon\" in Crayola crayons.", "Color __knowledge__ Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color \"categories\", with names such as red, blue, yellow, green, orange, or purple.", "Color __knowledge__ This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light.", "Color __knowledge__ Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them.", "Color __knowledge__ This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc.", "CIE 1931 color space __knowledge__ The CIE 1931 color spaces were the first defined quantitative links between distributions of wavelengths in the electromagnetic visible spectrum, and physiological perceived colors in human color vision.", "CIE 1931 color space __knowledge__ The mathematical relationships that define these color spaces are essential tools for color management, important when dealing with color inks, illuminated displays, and recording devices such as digital cameras.", "CIE 1931 color space __knowledge__ The CIE 1931 RGB color space and CIE 1931 XYZ color space were created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931.", "CIE 1931 color space __knowledge__ They resulted from a series of experiments done in the late 1920s by William David Wright and John Guild." ] ]

[ 1, 16, 42 ]

[ "I think blue is one of the best of the three primary colors, color theory is very fascinating to me.", "Red Green and Blue make the set of primary colors, as they are the most prominent in the gamut of color spectrum ranges.", "I love DEEP greens. Sage specifically. The hue is just so powerful and bold in tone." ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "History of vegetarianism\nHi! I've gotten into veganism recently, but it seems like veganism isn't really an old thing. It must've not existed 100 years ago.", "Wow definitely color me shocked. With india is veganism related to religion since they don't like eating mutton and cows?", "Outside of India has veganism only cropped up in modern times, or perchance was it a fad in victorian England?", "Do historians know why the christianization of Roman empire eliminated veganism and why Veganism was in the roman empire before hand? Is it cause the Romans borrowed from the greeks?", "Ah very fascinating. What did influence the revival of that in the 19th and 20th centuries?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The \"Pandora Hearts\" manga and anime series features an extensive cast of fictional characters created by Jun Mochizuki.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The series revolves around Oz, heir to the Vessalius Dukedom, who has just turned fifteen.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ His life is rich and carefree, darkened only by the constant absence of his father.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ At his coming-of-age ceremony, everything changes.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ For no reason that he can discern, Oz is cast into the prison known as the \"Abyss\", only to be saved by a girl known as Alice, the Bloodstained Black Rabbit.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The mystery there begins as Oz unravels the mystery behind Alice, the Abyss and the strange organization known as \"Pandora\".", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Vegaphobia (or vegephobia) is the aversion to and discrimination against vegetarian and vegan people.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Some of the oldest episodes of aversion can be found in the 3rd and 4th centuries when Greek comedies are written where Pythagoras is despised of his choice of not eating meat.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ They then have episodes of persecution of vegetarians in China in the twelfth century as well as in the European medieval, where they were branded as heretics and persecuted by the Holy Inquisition.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ These persecutions are also detailed in the essay Pythagora's Supper by Erica Joy Mannucci.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ In recent times, Nazi Germany became the protagonist of the vegetarian persecution.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\" is the 2006 season of Power Rangers which tells the story of the fight between the Mystic Rangers and the evil Forces of Darkness who are trying to rule over the worlds of mortals and magic.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ The powers of the Mystic Rangers are derived from beings known as the Ancient Titans, creatures with great elemental powers, symbolized by mythological creatures from various Earth mythologies on the Ranger's visors (the creatures being the phoenix, the sprite, the garuda, the minotaur and the mermaid).", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ To date, they are the only team of Rangers to not have some kind of team-up special with another Ranger team in their own season.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ The Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad consists of the 9th and 10th governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran.", "Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ Ahmadinejad's government began in August 2005 after his election as the 6th president of Iran and continued after his re-election in 2009.", "Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ Ahmadinejad left office in August 2013 at the end of his second term.", "Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ His administration was succeeded by the 11th government, led by Hassan Rouhani.", "Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ In Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's government has seen controversy over policies such as his 2007 Gas Rationing Plan to reduce the country's fuel consumption, and cuts in maximum interest rates permitted to private and public banking facilities; his widely disputed and protested election to a second term in 2009; and over the presence of a so-called \"deviant current\" among his aides and supporters that led to the arrest of several of them in 2011.", "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ( , born Mahmoud Sabbaghian () on 28 October 1956) is an Iranian politician who was the sixth President of Iran from 2005 to 2013.", "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ He was also the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country.", "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ An engineer and teacher from a poor background, ideologically shaped by thinkers such as Navvab Safavi, Jalal Al-e Ahmad and Ahmad Fardid, Ahmadinejad joined the Office for Strengthening Unity after the Iranian Revolution.", "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad __knowledge__ Appointed a provincial governor, he was removed after the election of President Mohammad Khatami and returned to teaching.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Cattle slaughter is a controversial topic in India because of the cattle's traditional status as an endeared and respected living being to many in Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, in contrast to cattle being considered as an acceptable source of meat by many in Islam, Christianity as well as some adherents of Indian religions.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ More specifically, the cow's slaughter has been shunned because of a number of reasons such as being associated with god Krishna in Hinduism, cattle being respected as an integral part of rural livelihoods and an essential economic necessity.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Historically, cattle slaughter has also been opposed by various Indian religions because of the ethical principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and the belief in the unity of all life.", "Foreign policy of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad administration __knowledge__ The foreign policy of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad administration was the policy initiatives towards other states by the former President of Iran, as different from past and also future of the Iranian foreign policy.", "Foreign policy of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad administration __knowledge__ Ahmadinejad's tenure as President came at a time of greater conflict, rhetorical or physical, than his predecessors.", "Foreign policy of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad administration __knowledge__ In following this there were various measures, external or internal, that led to his policy changes.", "Foreign policy of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad administration __knowledge__ This was primarily a division between relations with states of the western world (led by the United States) and the rest of the world (countries such as Venezuela and the Arab countries of Lebanon and Palestine).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ In an ancient context, recognized great powers came about first in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came about with the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont in 1814.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ A great power is a nation or state that, through its great economic, political and military strength, is able to exert power and influence over not only its own region of the world, but beyond to others.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ The historical terms \"Great Nation\", a distinguished aggregate of people inhabiting a particular country or territory, and \"Great Empire\", a considerable group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, are colloquial; their use is seen in ordinary historical conversations (historical jargon).", "Arthur de Gobineau __knowledge__ Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat who was best known by his contemporaries as a novelist, diplomat and travel writer but is today most remembered for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and helping to legitimise racism by scientific racist theory and \"racial demography\".", "Arthur de Gobineau __knowledge__ Gobineau was an elitist who, in the immediate aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848, wrote a 1400-page book, \"An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races\", in which he claimed that aristocrats were superior to commoners and that they possessed more Aryan genetic traits because of less interbreeding with inferior races (Alpines and Mediterraneans).", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity ( AD).", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ However the social, economic, and legal positions of slaves were vastly different in different systems of slavery in different times and places.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records, such as the Mesopotamian \"Code of Hammurabi\" (c. 1860 BC), which refers to it as an established institution, and it was common among ancient peoples.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations, because it is developed as a system of social stratification.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ Slavery was known in the very first civilizations such as Sumer in Mesopotamia which dates back as far as 3500 BC, as well as in almost every other civilization.", "History of human sexuality __knowledge__ The social construction of sexual behavior—its taboos, regulation, and social and political impact—has had a profound effect on the various cultures of the world since prehistoric times.", "History of human sexuality __knowledge__ The work of Swiss jurist Johann Bachofen made a major impact on the study of the history of sexuality.", "History of human sexuality __knowledge__ Many authors, notably Lewis Henry Morgan and Friedrich Engels, were influenced by Bachofen, and criticized Bachofen's ideas on the subject, which were almost entirely drawn from a close reading of ancient mythology.", "History of human sexuality __knowledge__ In his 1861 book \"Mother Right: An Investigation of the Religious and Juridical Character of Matriarchy in the Ancient World\" Bachofen writes that in the beginning human sexuality was chaotic and promiscuous." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Flavin adenine dinucleotide __knowledge__ In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox cofactor, more specifically a prosthetic group of a protein, involved in several important enzymatic reactions in metabolism.", "Flavin adenine dinucleotide __knowledge__ A flavoprotein is a protein that contains a flavin moiety, this may be in the form of FAD or flavin mononucleotide (FMN).", "Flavin adenine dinucleotide __knowledge__ There are many flavoproteins besides components of the succinate dehydrogenase complex, including α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; some examples are shown in section 6.", "Flavin adenine dinucleotide __knowledge__ FAD can exist in four different redox states, which are the flavin-N(5)-oxide, quinone, semiquinone, and hydroquinone.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ The animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal liberation movement, animal personhood, or animal advocacy movement, is a social movement which seeks an end to the rigid moral and legal distinction drawn between human and non-human animals, an end to the status of animals as property, and an end to their use in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ It is one of the few examples of a social movement that was created, and is to a large extent sustained academically, by philosophers.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ All animal liberationists believe that the individual interests of non-human animals deserve recognition and protection, but the movement can be split into two broad camps.", "English literature __knowledge__ This article is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature of England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, Wales, and the whole of Ireland, as well as literature in English from countries of the former British Empire, including the United States.", "English literature __knowledge__ However, until the early 19th century, it only deals with the literature of the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "English literature __knowledge__ It does not include literature written in the other languages of Britain.", "English literature __knowledge__ The English language has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years.", "English literature __knowledge__ The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century, are called Old English.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Nonviolence __knowledge__ Nonviolence is the personal practice of being harmless to self and others under every condition.", "Nonviolence __knowledge__ It comes from the belief that hurting people, animals or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and refers to a general philosophy of abstention from violence.", "Nonviolence __knowledge__ This may be based on moral, religious or spiritual principles, or it may be for purely strategic or pragmatic reasons.", "Nonviolence __knowledge__ Nonviolence also has 'active' or 'activist' elements, in that believers accept the need for nonviolence as a means to achieve political and social change.", "Nonviolence __knowledge__ Thus, for example, the Tolstoy and Gandhian non violence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of violence, but at the same time sees nonviolent action (also called civil resistance) as an alternative to passive acceptance of oppression or armed struggle against it.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Mahātmā Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: \"high-souled\", \"venerable\")—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa—is now used worldwide.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for \"father\", \"papa\") and Gandhi ji.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ He is unofficially called the \"Father of the Nation.\"", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, western India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Animal welfare and rights in India __knowledge__ Animal welfare and rights in India regards the treatment of and laws concerning non-human animals in India.", "Animal welfare and rights in India __knowledge__ It is distinct from animal conservation in India.", "Animal welfare and rights in India __knowledge__ India is home to several religious traditions advocating non-violence and compassion towards animals, and has passed a number of animal welfare reforms since 1960.", "Animal welfare and rights in India __knowledge__ India is also one of the world's leading producers of animal products.", "Animal welfare and rights in India __knowledge__ India’s first national animal welfare law, the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, criminalizes cruelty to animals, though exceptions are made for the treatment of animals used for food and scientific experiments." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Ancient Rome __knowledge__ In historiography, ancient Rome refers to the Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.", "Ancient Rome __knowledge__ The term is sometimes used to just refer to the kingdom and republic periods, excluding the subsequent empire.", "Ancient Rome __knowledge__ The civilization began as an Italic settlement in the Italian peninsula, dating from the 8th century BC, that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed.", "Roman Empire __knowledge__ The Roman Empire (; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. )", "Roman Empire __knowledge__ was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.", "Roman Empire __knowledge__ The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC , with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around AD 500, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time).", "Roman Empire __knowledge__ The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic, Suebian, or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ They are identified by their use of Germanic languages, which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The term \"Germanic\" originated in classical times when groups of tribes living in Lower, Upper, and Greater Germania were referred to using this label by Roman scribes.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The Roman use of the term \"Germanic\" was not necessarily based upon language, but referred to the tribal groups and alliances that lived in the regions of modern-day Luxembourg, Belgium, Northern France, Alsace, Poland, Austria, the Netherlands and Germany, and which were considered less civilized and more physically hardened than the Celtic Gauls.", "Roman funerary art __knowledge__ Roman funerary art changed throughout the course of the Republic and the Empire and comprised many different forms.", "Roman funerary art __knowledge__ There were two main burial practices used by the Romans throughout history, one being cremation, another inhumation.", "Roman funerary art __knowledge__ The vessels that resulted from these practices include sarcophagi, ash chests, urns, and altars.", "Roman funerary art __knowledge__ In addition to these, buildings such as mausoleums, stelae, and other monuments were also popular forms used to commemorate the dead.", "Roman funerary art __knowledge__ The method by which Romans were memorialized was determined by social class, religion, and other factors.", "Roman funerary art __knowledge__ While monuments to the dead were constructed within Roman cities, the remains themselves were interred outside the cities.", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, typically regarded as lasting from the 5th century CE to about 1000, marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history.", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages (c. 10th to 13th centuries).", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Early Middle Ages largely overlap with Late Antiquity.", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The term \"Late Antiquity\" is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while \"Early Middle Ages\" is used to emphasize developments characteristic of the later medieval period.", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The period saw a continuation of trends begun during late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, and increased immigration.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The Greeks () have been identified by many ethnonyms.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The most common native ethnonym is \"Hellen\" (), pl.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ Hellenes (); the name \"Greeks\" (Latin: \"Graeci\") was used by the Ancient Romans and gradually entered the European languages through its use in Latin.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The mythological patriarch \"Hellen\" is the named progenitor of the Greek peoples; his descendants the Aeolians, Dorians, Achaeans and Ionians correspond to the main Greek tribes and to the main dialects spoken in Greece and Asia Minor (Anatolia).", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ Among his descendants are also mentioned the Graeci and the Makedones.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The first Greek-speaking people, called Myceneans or Mycenean-Achaeans by historians, entered present-day Greece sometime in the Neolithic era or the Bronze Age.", "Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire __knowledge__ The causes and mechanisms of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire are a historical theme that was introduced by historian Edward Gibbon in his 1776 book \"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire\".", "Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire __knowledge__ He started an ongoing historiographical discussion about what caused the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the reduced power of the remaining Eastern Empire, in the 4th–5th centuries.", "Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire __knowledge__ Gibbon was not the first to speculate on why the Empire collapsed, but he was the first to give a well-researched and well-referenced account.", "Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire __knowledge__ Many theories of causality have been explored.", "Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire __knowledge__ In 1984, Alexander Demandt enumerated 210 different theories on why Rome fell, and new theories emerged thereafter.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ Population decline, counterurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages.", "History of Christianity in Romania __knowledge__ The history of Christianity in Romania began within the Roman province of Lower Moesia, where many Christians were martyred at the end of the 3rd century.", "History of Christianity in Romania __knowledge__ Evidence of Christian communities has been found in the territory of modern Romania at over a hundred archaeological sites from the 3rd and 4th centuries.", "History of Christianity in Romania __knowledge__ However, sources from the 7th and 10th centuries are so scarce that Christianity seems to have diminished during this period.", "History of Christianity in Romania __knowledge__ The vast majority of Romanians are adherent to the Orthodox Church, while most other populations that speak Romance languages follow the Catholic Church.", "History of Christianity in Romania __knowledge__ The basic Christian terminology in Romanian is of Latin origin, though the Romanians, referred to as Vlachs in medieval sources, borrowed numerous South Slavic terms due to the adoption of the liturgy officiated in Old Church Slavonic.", "History of the Byzantine Empire __knowledge__ This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the Eastern Roman Empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD.", "History of the Byzantine Empire __knowledge__ Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided.", "History of the Byzantine Empire __knowledge__ In 285, the emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) partitioned the Roman Empire's administration into eastern and western halves.", "History of the Byzantine Empire __knowledge__ Between 324 and 330, Constantine I (r. 306–337) transferred the main capital from Rome to Byzantium, later known as \"Constantinople\" (\"City of Constantine\") and \"Nova Roma\" (\"New Rome\").", "History of the Byzantine Empire __knowledge__ Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The history of Europe covers the peoples inhabiting Europe from prehistory to the present.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of ancient Greece.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Later, the Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 traditionally marks the start of the Middle Ages.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Beginning in the 14th century a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Simultaneously, the Protestant Reformation set up Protestant churches primarily in Germany, Scandinavia and England.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ After 1800, the Industrial Revolution brought prosperity to Britain and Western Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove __knowledge__ Brighton and Hove, a city on the English Channel coast in southeast England, has a large and diverse stock of buildings \"unrivalled architecturally\" among the country's seaside resorts.", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove __knowledge__ The urban area, designated a city in 2000, is made up of the formerly separate towns of Brighton and Hove, nearby villages such as Portslade, Patcham and Rottingdean, and 20th-century estates such as Moulsecoomb and Mile Oak.", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove __knowledge__ The conurbation was first united in 1997 as a unitary authority and has a population of about 253,000.", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove __knowledge__ About half of the geographical area is classed as built up.", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove __knowledge__ Brighton's transformation from medieval fishing village into spa town and pleasure resort, patronised by royalty and fashionable high society, coincided with the development of Regency architecture and the careers of three architects whose work came to characterise the seafront.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "France __knowledge__ France (), officially the French Republic (, ), is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.", "France __knowledge__ The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean.", "France __knowledge__ The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.", "France __knowledge__ The country's 18 integral regions (five of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of which, as of October 2017, has a population of 67.15 million people.", "Persian literature __knowledge__ Persian literature ( \"adabiyāt-e fārsi\"), comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and it is one of the world's oldest literatures.", "Persian literature __knowledge__ It spans two-and-a-half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost.", "Persian literature __knowledge__ Its sources have been within Greater Iran including present-day Iran, Iraq, the Caucasus, and Turkey, regions of Central and South Asia where the Persian language has historically been either the native or official language.", "Persian literature __knowledge__ For instance, Mowlana Rumi, one of best-loved Persian poets born in Balkh or Vakhsh (in what is now Afghanistan), wrote in Persian and lived in Konya, then the capital of the Seljuks in Anatolia.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The folk music of England is tradition-based music, which has existed since the later medieval period.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It is often contrasted with courtly, classical and later commercial music.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ Folk music has been preserved and transmitted orally, through print and later through recordings.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The term is used to refer to English traditional music and music composed, or delivered, in a traditional style.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ English folk music has produced or contributed to several important musical genres, including sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music, such as that used for Morris dancing.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It can be seen as having distinct regional and local variations in content and style, particularly in areas more removed from the cultural and political centres of the English state, as in Northumbria, or the West Country.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ The Alavi Bohras () are a Taiyebi Musta'alavi Isma'ili Shi'i Muslim community from Gujarat, India.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ In India, during the time of the 18th Fatimid Imam Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah around 1093 AD in Egypt, the designated learned people (\"wulaat\") who were sent from Yemen by missionaries (\"du'aat\") under the guidance of the Imam established a \"da'wah\" in Khambhat (Gujarat, India).", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ After the division of the Mustaalid community, the Yemenite Da'wah followed their 21st Imam, the son of 20th Imam Aamir in the succession of Fatimid Imams of Egypt, at-Taiyeb Abul Qaasim as their Imam of seclusion ستر, and the Bohras are the modern descendants of Taiyebi Da'wah established from Khambhat, Patan and Sidhpur in the 5th century Hijri and also the immigrants from Yemeni Taiyebi Da'wah.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ White Brazilians ( ) refers to Brazilian citizens of European or Levantine descent.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ According to the 2010 Census, they totaled 91,051,646 people, and made up 47.73% of the Brazilian population.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ The main ancestry of white Brazilians is Portuguese, followed by Italian, Spanish, German, and other German-speaking nationalities (Austrian, Swiss, Luxembourger and Volga German) Slavic (Polish, Ukrainian, Russian etc), Levantine, Dutch, French and Baltic.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ The white Brazilian population is spread throughout the national territory, but its highest percentage is found in the three southernmost states, where 79.8% of the population has European or Caucasian phenotype, whereas the Southeast region has the largest absolute numbers.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Ancient Greek word Hellas (Ἑλλάς, Ellás) is the original word for Greece, which the word Hellenistic was derived from.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The Greeks () have been identified by many ethnonyms.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The most common native ethnonym is \"Hellen\" (), pl.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ Hellenes (); the name \"Greeks\" (Latin: \"Graeci\") was used by the Ancient Romans and gradually entered the European languages through its use in Latin.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The mythological patriarch \"Hellen\" is the named progenitor of the Greek peoples; his descendants the Aeolians, Dorians, Achaeans and Ionians correspond to the main Greek tribes and to the main dialects spoken in Greece and Asia Minor (Anatolia).", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ Among his descendants are also mentioned the Graeci and the Makedones.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The first Greek-speaking people, called Myceneans or Mycenean-Achaeans by historians, entered present-day Greece sometime in the Neolithic era or the Bronze Age.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Byzantine Greeks __knowledge__ The Byzantine Greeks (or Byzantines) were the Christian Greeks of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.", "Byzantine Greeks __knowledge__ They spoke medieval Greek and were the main inhabitants of the lands of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire), of Constantinople and Asia Minor (modern Turkey), the Greek islands, Cyprus, and portions of the southern Balkans, and formed large minorities, or pluralities, in the coastal urban centres of the Levant and northern Egypt.", "Byzantine Greeks __knowledge__ Throughout their history, the Byzantine Greeks self-identified as Romans (Greek: \"Rhōmaîoi\"), but are referred to as \"Byzantines\" and \"Byzantine Greeks\" in modern historiography." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 5, 7, 39 ]

[ "You might be shocked to find out that it has roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece. ", "Yeah, in both cases the diet was very closely connected to the idea of nonviolence towards animals. ", "After the Roman Empire was Christianized in the 4-6th centuries, vegetarianism almost disappeared completely from Europe. It reemerged somewhat during the Renaissance. ", "I'm not sure. I'd guess the Romans were tied to the Greeks, most likely. Vegetarianism didn't come back into widespread practice until the 19th & 20th centuries, though. ", "It was likely tied to various personal reasons in many instances, such as for ethical beliefs. " ]

[ "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism" ]

[ "Photography", "I do like to take pictures, but not with the same passion as you.", "Yes indeed. A good camera is everything.", "It could be classified as an art, no doubt." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "People Take Pictures of Each Other __knowledge__ \"People Take Pictures of Each Other\" is the fifteenth and final track on the Kinks' 1968 album, \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\".", "People Take Pictures of Each Other __knowledge__ It was written by Ray Davies.", "People Take Pictures of Each Other __knowledge__ \"People Take Pictures of Each Other\", the second track on \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\" having to do with photography (the other being \"Picture Book\"), takes a sardonic look on how people must \"take pictures of each other, just to prove that they really existed\" and how \"Fathers take pictures of the mothers, and the sisters take pictures of brothers, just to show that they love one another.\"", "Yip Cheong Fun __knowledge__ Yip Cheong Fun (; 1903 – 16 September 1989) was an influential Singaporean documentary photographer, best known for his photograph \"Rowing at Dawn\", which was taken in 1957 in celebration of Singapore obtaining self-government, and which in his words, was to show \"the dawn of a new day, new hope and new life for Singapore\".", "Yip Cheong Fun __knowledge__ Although better known and admired for his seascapes, Yip Cheong Fun also took a lot of other award-winning photographs depicting different facets of Singaporeans' life with keen observation and a humanistic understanding of the people and events around him.", "Yip Cheong Fun __knowledge__ In 1984 he was awarded the Cultural Medallion for his outstanding achievements and contributions to photography, for his work \"identified with the Singaporean society and mirrored the nation's way of life and history\".", "HiRISE __knowledge__ \"For the Apple accessory see Twelve South\" High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment is a camera on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.", "HiRISE __knowledge__ The 65 kg (143 lb), $40 million USD instrument was built under the direction of the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.", "HiRISE __knowledge__ It consists of a 0.5 m (19.7 in) aperture reflecting telescope, the largest so far of any deep space mission, which allows it to take pictures of Mars with resolutions of 0.3 m/pixel (about 1 foot), resolving objects below a meter across.", "HiRISE __knowledge__ HiRISE has imaged Mars landers on the surface, including the ongoing Curiosity and Opportunity rover missions.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The Phuket Zoo is a zoo located in Phuket, Thailand.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ It was founded as a private zoo in 1997 and currently remains private.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is located near the Muang District and the Phuket Bay.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo makes up 30 rai (12 acres) and is one of the top attractions in all of Thailand.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ It is known for having close encounters with many exotic animals including tigers, monkeys and elephants.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo has many sections including areas devoted to crocodiles, elephants and monkeys while also having an aquarium and an orchard garden.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The monkey show consists of a macaque monkey doing tricks and than taking pictures with the crowd.", "Passion Play __knowledge__ The Passion Play or Easter pageant (senakulo) is a dramatic presentation depicting the Passion of Jesus Christ: his trial, suffering and death.", "Passion Play __knowledge__ It is a traditional part of Lent in several Christian denominations, particularly in Catholic tradition.", "Passion Play __knowledge__ The development of the Passion Play was about the same as that of the Easter Drama.", "Passion Play __knowledge__ It originated in the ritual of the Church, which prescribes, among other things, that the Gospel on Good Friday should be sung in parts divided among various persons.", "Passion Play __knowledge__ Later on, the Passion Play made its appearance, first in Latin, then in vernacular languages; contents and forms were adapted more and more to audience expectations, until, in the fifteenth century, the popular religious plays had developed.", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ Paramount Pictures Corporation (also known simply as Paramount) is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994.", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world, the second oldest in the United States, and the sole member of the \"Big Six\" film studios still located in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood.", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor put 22 actors and actresses under contract and honored each with a star on the logo.", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ These fortunate few would become the first \"movie stars.\"", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ In 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only.", "Digital photography __knowledge__ Digital photography is a form of photography that uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to capture images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film.", "Digital photography __knowledge__ The captured images are digitized and stored as a computer file ready for further digital processing, viewing, digital publishing or printing.", "Digital photography __knowledge__ Until the advent of such technology, photographs were made by exposing light sensitive photographic film and paper, which was processed in liquid chemical solutions to develop and stabilize the image.", "Digital photography __knowledge__ Digital photographs are typically created solely by computer-based photoelectric and mechanical techniques, without wet bath chemical processing.", "Optics __knowledge__ Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.", "Optics __knowledge__ Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.", "Optics __knowledge__ Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.", "Optics __knowledge__ Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light.", "Optics __knowledge__ Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light are, however, often difficult to apply in practice.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Camera __knowledge__ A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both.", "Camera __knowledge__ The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies.", "Camera __knowledge__ The camera is a remote sensing device as it senses subjects without any contact .", "Camera __knowledge__ The word \"camera\" comes from \"camera obscura\", which means \"dark chamber\" and is the Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface.", "Camera __knowledge__ The modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura.", "Camera __knowledge__ The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The invention of the camera in the early 19th century led to an array of lens designs intended for photography.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The problems of photographic lens design, creating a lens for a task that would cover a large, flat image plane, were well known even before the invention of photography due to the development of lenses to work with the focal plane of the camera obscura.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The early photographic experiments of Thomas Wedgwood, Nicéphore Niépce, Henry Fox Talbot, and Louis Daguerre all used simple single-element convex lenses.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ These lenses were found lacking.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ Simple lenses could not focus an image over a large flat film plane (Field curvature) and suffered from other optical aberrations.", "Lens (optics) __knowledge__ A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.", "Lens (optics) __knowledge__ A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (\"elements\"), usually arranged along a common axis.", "Lens (optics) __knowledge__ Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic, and are ground and polished or molded to a desired shape.", "Lens (optics) __knowledge__ A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing.", "Lens (optics) __knowledge__ Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called lenses, such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ Invented by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre and introduced worldwide in 1839, daguerreotype was almost completely superseded by 1860 with new, less expensive processes yielding more readily viewable images.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ During the past few decades, there has been a small revival of daguerreotypy among photographers interested in making artistic use of early photographic processes.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ To make the image, a daguerreotypist would polish a sheet of silver-plated copper to a mirror finish, treat it with fumes that made its surface light sensitive, expose it in a camera for as long as was judged to be necessary, which could be as little as a few seconds for brightly sunlit subjects or much longer with less intense lighting; make the resulting latent image on it visible by fuming it with mercury vapor; remove its sensitivity to light by liquid chemical treatment, rinse and dry it, then seal the easily marred result behind glass in a protective enclosure." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "Yes Indeed! (Ray Charles album) __knowledge__ Yes Indeed!!", "Yes Indeed! (Ray Charles album) __knowledge__ is the third album by Ray Charles, released in 1958 by Atlantic.", "Yes Indeed! (Ray Charles album) __knowledge__ It was the second of three Atlantic LPs that compiled Charles' hit singles for the label.", "Yes Indeed! (Ray Charles album) __knowledge__ (See discography) Ray Charles, Yes Indeed!!", "Yes Indeed! (Ray Charles album) __knowledge__ is also the title of the book and DVD tribute published in memory of Charles by his manager Joe Adams, The Ray Charles Marketing Group and Genesis Publications in 2009.", "Yes Indeed! (Ray Charles album) __knowledge__ All songs written by Ray Charles except as indicated.", "Yes Indeed! (Ray Charles album) __knowledge__ Side One Side Two", "Match moving __knowledge__ In cinematography, match moving is a cinematic technique that allows the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage with correct position, scale, orientation, and motion relative to the photographed objects in the shot.", "Match moving __knowledge__ The term is used loosely to describe several different methods of extracting camera motion information from a motion picture.", "Match moving __knowledge__ Sometimes referred to as motion tracking or camera solving, match moving is related to rotoscoping and photogrammetry.", "Match moving __knowledge__ Match moving is sometimes confused with motion capture, which records the motion of objects, often human actors, rather than the camera.", "Muawiyah I __knowledge__ Muawiyah I (; 602 – 26 April 680) established the Umayyad dynasty of the caliphate, and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan, the first being Uthman ibn Affan.", "Muawiyah I __knowledge__ To stop the Byzantine harassment from the sea, Muawiyah developed a navy in the Levant and used it to confront the Byzantine Empire in the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.", "Muawiyah I __knowledge__ The caliphate conquered several territories including Cyzicus which were subsequently used as naval bases.", "Muawiyah I __knowledge__ Muawiyah bin Abi-Sufyan was born in Mecca to Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Hind bint Utbah (602 CE) into the Banu Umayya sub-clan of the Banu Abd-Shams clan of the Quraysh tribe.", "Porphyran __knowledge__ Porphyran is a sulfated carbohydrate dervied from red algae of the genus \"Porphyra\".", "Porphyran __knowledge__ Porphyran is a complex sulfated carbohydrate.", "Porphyran __knowledge__ It is a highly substituted agarose with a linear backbone consisting of 3-linked beta-D-galactosyl units alternating with either 4-linked alpha-L-galactosyl 6-sulfate or 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactosyl units.", "Porphyran __knowledge__ The composition includes 6-O-sulfated L-galactose, 6-O-methylated D-galactose, L-galactose, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, 6-O-methyl D-galactose and ester sulfate.", "Porphyran __knowledge__ Some of the ester is present as 1-4-linked L-galactose 6-sulfate.", "Porphyran __knowledge__ The precise composition of porphyran shows seasonal and environmental variations.", "Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates __knowledge__ Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) are carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion by a host's metabolism, and are made available for gut microbes, as prebiotics, to ferment or metabolize into beneficial compounds, such as short chain fatty acids.", "Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates __knowledge__ The term, ‘‘microbiota-accessible carbohydrate’’ contributes to a conceptual framework for investigating and discussing the amount of metabolic activity that a specific food or carbohydrate can contribute to a host's microbiota.", "Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates __knowledge__ MACs may come from plants, fungi, animal tissues, or food-borne microbes, and must be metabolized by the microbiome.", "Minolta A-mount system __knowledge__ The Minolta A-mount camera system was a line of photographic equipment from Minolta.", "Minolta A-mount system __knowledge__ The system used a lens mount called A-mount, with a flange focal distance 44.50 mm.", "Minolta A-mount system __knowledge__ The new mount was larger than the older SR-mount making old manual lenses incompatible with the new system.", "Minolta A-mount system __knowledge__ The mount is now used by Sony, who bought the SLR camera division from Konica Minolta, Konica and Minolta having merged a few years before.", "Minolta A-mount system __knowledge__ The Minolta A-mount system was at first marketed as Maxxum in North America and α (Alpha) in Japan and the rest of Asia.", "Minolta A-mount system __knowledge__ In Europe early Minolta A-mount cameras were initially identified by a 4 digit number followed by AF.", "Dinah, Yes Indeed! __knowledge__ Dinah, Yes Indeed!", "Dinah, Yes Indeed! __knowledge__ is a 1958 studio album by Dinah Shore, arranged by Nelson Riddle.", "Camera __knowledge__ A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both.", "Camera __knowledge__ The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies.", "Camera __knowledge__ The camera is a remote sensing device as it senses subjects without any contact .", "Camera __knowledge__ The word \"camera\" comes from \"camera obscura\", which means \"dark chamber\" and is the Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface.", "Camera __knowledge__ The modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura.", "Camera __knowledge__ The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.", "Camera obscura __knowledge__ Camera obscura (plural \"camera obscura\" or \"camera obscuras\"; from Latin, meaning \"dark room\": \"camera\" \"(vaulted) chamber or room,\" and \"obscura\" \"darkened, dark\"), also referred to as pinhole image, is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen (or for instance a wall) is projected through a small hole in that screen as a reversed and inverted image (left to right and upside down) on a surface opposite to the opening.", "Camera obscura __knowledge__ The surroundings of the projected image have to be relatively dark for the image to be clear, so many historical camera obscura experiments were performed in dark rooms.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ Invented by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre and introduced worldwide in 1839, daguerreotype was almost completely superseded by 1860 with new, less expensive processes yielding more readily viewable images.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ During the past few decades, there has been a small revival of daguerreotypy among photographers interested in making artistic use of early photographic processes.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ To make the image, a daguerreotypist would polish a sheet of silver-plated copper to a mirror finish, treat it with fumes that made its surface light sensitive, expose it in a camera for as long as was judged to be necessary, which could be as little as a few seconds for brightly sunlit subjects or much longer with less intense lighting; make the resulting latent image on it visible by fuming it with mercury vapor; remove its sensitivity to light by liquid chemical treatment, rinse and dry it, then seal the easily marred result behind glass in a protective enclosure.", "Archaeo-optics __knowledge__ Archaeo-optics, or archaeological optics, is the study of the experience and ritual use of light by ancient peoples.", "Archaeo-optics __knowledge__ Archaeological optics is a branch of sensory archaeology, which explores human perceptions of the physical environment in the remote past, and is a sibling of archaeoastronomy, which deals with ancient observations of celestial bodies, and archaeological acoustics, which deals with applications of sound.", "Archaeo-optics __knowledge__ Research by several investigators around the world has uncovered how ancient peoples encountered and used the camera obscura principle for a variety of purposes.", "Archaeo-optics __knowledge__ In a darkened chamber, light passing through a small opening can create haunting and ephemeral moving images, which could have triggered and reinforced ground breaking modes of thought, forms of representation, and belief in otherworldly realms.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The invention of the camera in the early 19th century led to an array of lens designs intended for photography.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The problems of photographic lens design, creating a lens for a task that would cover a large, flat image plane, were well known even before the invention of photography due to the development of lenses to work with the focal plane of the camera obscura.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The early photographic experiments of Thomas Wedgwood, Nicéphore Niépce, Henry Fox Talbot, and Louis Daguerre all used simple single-element convex lenses.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ These lenses were found lacking.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ Simple lenses could not focus an image over a large flat film plane (Field curvature) and suffered from other optical aberrations.", "History of photography __knowledge__ The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity with the discovery of two critical principles, that of the camera obscura image projection and the fact that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light, as discovered by observation.", "History of photography __knowledge__ Apart from a very uncertain process used on the Turin Shroud there are no artifacts or descriptions that indicate that anyone even imagined capturing images with light sensitive materials before the 18th century.", "History of photography __knowledge__ Around 1717 Johann Heinrich Schulze captured cut-out letters on a bottle of a light-sensitive slurry, but he apparently never thought of making the results durable." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "No Doubt __knowledge__ No Doubt is an American rock band from Anaheim, California, that formed in 1986.", "No Doubt __knowledge__ Since 1994, the group has consisted of vocalist Gwen Stefani, bassist and keyboardist Tony Kanal, guitarist and keyboardist Tom Dumont, and drummer Adrian Young.", "No Doubt __knowledge__ Since the mid-1990s in live performances and the studio, they have been supported by keyboardist and trombonist Gabrial McNair and keyboardist and trumpeter Stephen Bradley.", "No Doubt __knowledge__ The ska sound of their song, \"Trapped in a Box\" (1992), that was featured on their first album \"No Doubt\" (1992) failed to make an impact.", "No Doubt __knowledge__ \"The Beacon Street Collection\" (1993) is a raw expression of their sound, inspired by ska punk and released independently by the band under their own record label.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his \"Divine Comedy\".", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry.", "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations __knowledge__ Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda from 1992 to 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS).", "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations __knowledge__ In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and militant group al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation .", "Jonathan Pollard __knowledge__ Jonathan Jay Pollard (born August 7, 1954) is a former intelligence analyst for the United States government.", "Jonathan Pollard __knowledge__ In 1987, as part of a plea agreement, Pollard pleaded guilty to spying for and providing top-secret classified information to Israel.", "Jonathan Pollard __knowledge__ He was sentenced to life in prison for violations of the Espionage Act.", "Jonathan Pollard __knowledge__ Pollard is the only American who has received a life sentence for passing classified information to an ally of the U.S.", "Jonathan Pollard __knowledge__ In defense of his actions, Pollard declared that he committed espionage only because \"the American intelligence establishment collectively endangered Israel's security by withholding crucial information\".", "Doubt __knowledge__ Doubt is a mental state in which the mind remains suspended between two or more contradictory propositions, unable to assent to any of them.", "Doubt __knowledge__ Doubt on an emotional level is indecision between belief and disbelief.", "Doubt __knowledge__ It may involve uncertainty, distrust or lack of conviction on certain facts, actions, motives, or decisions.", "Doubt __knowledge__ Doubt can result in delaying or rejecting relevant action out of concern for mistakes or missed opportunities.", "Doubt __knowledge__ The concept of doubt as a suspense between two contradictory propositions covers a range of phenomena: on a level of the mind it involves reasoning, examination of facts and evidence and on an emotional level believing and disbelieving In premodern theology doubt was \"the voice of an uncertain conscience\" and important to realize, because when in doubt \"the safer way is not to act at all\".", "Ara Güler __knowledge__ Ara Güler (, born August 16, 1928 in Beyoğlu, Istanbul, Turkey) is an Armenian-Turkish photojournalist, nicknamed \"the Eye of Istanbul\" or \"the Photographer of Istanbul\".", "Ara Güler __knowledge__ He is considered one of Turkey's few internationally known photographers.", "Ara Güler __knowledge__ Güler was born in Istanbul in 1928 to ethnic Armenian parents.", "Ara Güler __knowledge__ He studied at the local Getronagan Armenian High School.", "Ara Güler __knowledge__ Owner of a pharmacy on Istiklal Avenue, his father had a wide circle of friends from the art world of the period.", "Ara Güler __knowledge__ Ara Güler's early contact with this world inspired him to embark on a career in cinema.", "Ara Güler __knowledge__ During his high school years, he jobbed in movie studios and attended drama courses held by Muhsin Ertuğrul, the founder of modern Turkish theater.", "Roshini Kempadoo __knowledge__ Roshini Kempadoo (born 1959) is a British photographer, media artist, and academic.", "Roshini Kempadoo __knowledge__ For more than 20 years she has been a lecturer and researcher in photography, digital media production, and cultural studies in a variety of educational institutions, and is currently a lecturer at the University of East London.", "Roshini Kempadoo __knowledge__ She also gives regular academic and artist presentations nationally and internationally.", "Roshini Kempadoo __knowledge__ Her photography has been concerned with women's issues and issues of representation, particularly of black people.", "Roshini Kempadoo __knowledge__ In her research, multimedia, and photographic projects, which explore the visual representation of the Caribbean, she combines \"factual and fictional re-imaginings of contemporary experiences with history and memory ...[and] her recent work as a digital image artist includes photographs and screen-based interactive art installations that fictionalise Caribbean archive material, objects, and spaces.\"", "Navicular syndrome __knowledge__ Navicular syndrome, often called navicular disease, is a syndrome of lameness problems in horses.", "Navicular syndrome __knowledge__ It most commonly describes an inflammation or degeneration of the navicular bone and its surrounding tissues, usually on the front feet.", "Navicular syndrome __knowledge__ It can lead to significant and even disabling lameness.", "Navicular syndrome __knowledge__ Knowledge of equine forelimb anatomy is especially useful for understanding navicular syndrome.", "Navicular syndrome __knowledge__ The navicular bone lies behind the coffin bone and under the small pastern bone.", "Navicular syndrome __knowledge__ The deep digital flexor (DDF) tendon runs down the back of the cannon and soft tissue in that area and under the navicular bone before attaching to the back of the coffin bone.", "Timbiqui Airport __knowledge__ Timbiqui Airport is an airport serving Timbiqui, a town and municipality in the Cauca Department of Colombia.", "Timbiqui Airport __knowledge__ The runway angles northwest from the center of the town.", "Timbiqui Airport __knowledge__ The town and airport are on the east bank of the Timbiqui River, inland from the Pacific Ocean.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ Pictorialism is the name given to an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ There is no standard definition of the term, but in general it refers to a style in which the photographer has somehow manipulated what would otherwise be a straightforward photograph as a means of \"creating\" an image rather than simply recording it.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ Typically, a pictorial photograph appears to lack a sharp focus (some more so than others), is printed in one or more colors other than black-and-white (ranging from warm brown to deep blue) and may have visible brush strokes or other manipulation of the surface.", "Lynn Stern __knowledge__ Lynn Stern (born 1942) is a North American photographer based in New York City.", "Lynn Stern __knowledge__ She who creates black-and-white photographs made with natural light.", "Lynn Stern __knowledge__ She began to consider photography as a career in the late 1970s.", "Lynn Stern __knowledge__ Born Lynn Gimbel Solinger in New York City, the daughter of Hope Alva Gimbel and David Solinger.", "Lynn Stern __knowledge__ Her mother was the daughter of Bernard Gimbel and her father was an attorney and the president of the Whitney Museum of American Art.", "Lynn Stern __knowledge__ The collection of abstract expressionist painting and sculpture assembled by her father influenced Lynn Stern’s aesthetic sensibility.", "Lynn Stern __knowledge__ She graduated with honors from Smith College, where she majored in English and minored in music." ] ]

[ 2, 50, 1, 6 ]

[ "I love photography, I men who does not love focusing a lens on the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "If you need to take good pictures, all you need is a good camera. It has made the modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura.", "But do you ever consider photography a science or art?", "But there are proves that Photography is employed in many fields of science such as manufacturing and business" ]

[ "Photography", "Photography", "Photography", "Photography" ]

[ "Ford Motor Company", "There is a Ford Truck plant near me where many of my family and friends work. In the midwest, we love Ford trucks!", "Yep. My favorite story about Henry Ford is when he was quoted as saying, \"You can have any color you want, as long as you pick black.\"", "I'm not a big fan of their cars. They tend to not last much past 100,000 miles. But their trucks, like the F150 super, last for over 300,000 miles.", "And don't forget about Jaguar. Ford bought them some years ago." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China (Changan Ford), one in Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), one in Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), one in Turkey (Ford Otosan), and one in Russia (Ford Sollers).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, although they have minority ownership (but majority of the voting power).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914, these methods were known around the world as Fordism." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China (Changan Ford), one in Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), one in Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), one in Turkey (Ford Otosan), and one in Russia (Ford Sollers).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, although they have minority ownership (but majority of the voting power).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914, these methods were known around the world as Fordism.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The Ford L-Series (also named Ford Louisville or Ford Aeromax) is a range of heavy-duty trucks that were assembled and marketed by Ford between 1970 and 1998.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The first dedicated Class 8 truck produced by the company, the L-Series range replaced the N-Series short conventional (derived from the F-Series).", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ Produced as both straight trucks and semitractors, the Ford L-Series encompassed a wide range of models through the Class 7-8 GVWR ratings in medium-duty, severe-service, and vocational applications.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The line would become one of the most popular series of trucks Ford ever produced.1970 Ford Trucks, by Auto Editors of Consumer Guide The L-Series was produced in the Kentucky Truck Plant near Louisville, Kentucky, which gave rise to the nickname \"Louisville Line\" trucks; as part of a 1996 redesign, part of the model line officially took on the Louisville nameplate.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ The Ford B-Series is a bus chassis that was manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1948 to 1998.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ Derived from the medium-duty variants of the Ford F-Series, the B-Series were produced as a cowled chassis; the design was a bare chassis aft of the firewall.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ While primarily used for school bus applications in the United States and Canada, the chassis was exported worldwide for to construct a wide variety of bus bodies.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ Prior to 1969, Lincoln-Mercury dealers in Canada marketed the B-Series as part of the Mercury M-Series truck line.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ At the time, rural communities in Canada were serviced by either the Ford or the Lincoln-Mercury dealer network, but not both networks concurrently.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ In 1906-1907, Ford's first straight-6 engine was introduced in the Model K. Henry Ford did not like the car because the engine could overpower its transmission.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The next Ford six was introduced in the 1941 Ford.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company of America continued producing straight-six engines until 1996, when they were discontinued in favor of more compact V6 designs.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ Ford Australia manufactures these engines for their Falcon and Ford Territory vehicles.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The first-generation Ford six-cylinder engines were all flatheads.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ They were the G- and H-series engines of used in cars and trucks and the M-series of used in larger Ford trucks and for industrial applications.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ The Ford C-Series is a medium-duty cab-over engine (COE) truck that was built by Ford between 1957 and 1990.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ It was used primarily for local delivery, and fire apparatus.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ Many of the fire trucks came merely as cab and windshield models.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ In production nearly unchanged for 33 years, the C-Series was the longest-produced commercial truck in North America at the time it was discontinued.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ Only the Mack Model R (39 years) and Kenworth W900 (55 years; still in production) have remained in production longer.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ Like other automotive manufacturers that built COE trucks before the 1960s, early Ford C-Series trucks were \"helmet-shaped\", cab-forward trucks that shared components with pickup trucks (the F-Series, in this case).", "Mazda __knowledge__ , commonly referred to as simply Mazda, is a Japanese multinational automaker based in Fuchū, Aki District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.", "Mazda __knowledge__ In 2015, Mazda produced 1.5 million vehicles for global sales, the majority of which (nearly 1 million) were produced in the company's Japanese plants, with the remainder coming from a variety of other plants worldwide.", "Mazda __knowledge__ In 2015, Mazda was the fifteenth biggest automaker by production worldwide.", "Mazda __knowledge__ The name Mazda came into existence with the production of the Company's first three-wheeled trucks.", "Mazda __knowledge__ Other candidates for a model name included Sumera-Go, Tenshi-Go and more.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Mercury is a defunct division of the American automobile manufacturer Ford Motor Company.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Marketed as an entry-level premium brand for nearly its entire existence, Mercury was created in 1938 by Edsel Ford.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Forming half of the Lincoln-Mercury Division, the brand was intended to bridge the price gap between the Ford and Lincoln vehicle lines.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ In a similar context, Buick and Oldsmobile played the same role within General Motors while the Chrysler Division did so within Chrysler Corporation (following the end of DeSoto and the creation of Imperial).", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Although the initial Mercury Eight was a distinct design, for much of the existence of the division, Ford would rely on common underpinnings (from Ford or Lincoln, or both) to save on development costs.", "Ford Aerostar __knowledge__ The Ford Aerostar is a range of passenger and cargo vans manufactured and marketed by Ford in the United States and Canada; a limited number were exported outside of North America.", "Ford Aerostar __knowledge__ The first minivan sold by Ford, the Aerostar was sold in a single generation from the 1986 to 1997 model years.", "Ford Aerostar __knowledge__ Introduced shortly before the Ford Taurus, the vehicle derives its nameplate from its slope-nosed \"one-box\" exterior (although over six feet tall, the body of the Aerostar retained a , besting the Lincoln Mark.VII).", "Ford Aerostar __knowledge__ For the 1995 model year, the front-wheel drive Ford Windstar was introduced to replace the Aerostar; both minivans were sold concurrently through the 1997 model year.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ The Ford Expedition is a full-size SUV that is made by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Introduced for the 1997 model year as the successor of the Ford Bronco, the Expedition is the first full-size Ford SUV sold with a four-door body.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ For its entire production life, the Ford Expedition has been derived from the corresponding generation of the Ford F-150 in production, sharing body and mechanical components.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Currently in its third model generation, a fourth-generation Ford Expedition is slated to enter production for the 2018 model year.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Similar to the configuration of the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, the Ford Expedition is sold in regular and extended lengths (the Ford Expedition EL/Max); sold since 2007, the latter functionally serves as the replacement for the Ford Excursion." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China (Changan Ford), one in Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), one in Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), one in Turkey (Ford Otosan), and one in Russia (Ford Sollers).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, although they have minority ownership (but majority of the voting power).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914, these methods were known around the world as Fordism.", "John Bugas __knowledge__ John Stephen Bugas (April 26, 1908 – December 2, 1982), known as Jack Bugas, was the second in command at Ford Motor Company during the presidency and chairmanship reign of Henry Ford II (the oldest grandson of founder Henry Ford).", "John Bugas __knowledge__ He is best known for wresting control of the company from Harry Bennett—including drawing pistols on each other—following the death of Edsel Ford.", "John Bugas __knowledge__ As the \"Detroit Free Press\" wrote of Bugas: The Bugas family originated from Austria.", "John Bugas __knowledge__ The parents of Jack Bugas, Andrew (Andrej) P. Bugas (born in 1867) and Helena L. Bugas (the name “Bugas” was then spelled “Bugos”), were both born in Austria.", "Henry Ford Hospital __knowledge__ Henry Ford Hospital (HFH) is an 877-bed tertiary care hospital, education and research complex at the western edge of the New Center area in Detroit, Michigan.", "Henry Ford Hospital __knowledge__ The flagship facility for the Henry Ford Health System, it is one of the first hospitals in the United States to use a standard fee schedule and favor private or semi-private rooms over large wards.", "Henry Ford Hospital __knowledge__ It also is the first hospital in the country to form a closed, salaried medical staff.", "Henry Ford Hospital __knowledge__ As founder Henry Ford viewed tobacco as being unhealthy, the hospital was one of the first hospitals in the United States to institute a total ban on smoking.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford Motor Company is an American automaker and the world's fifth largest automaker based on worldwide vehicle sales.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, the automaker was founded by Henry Ford, on June 16, 1903.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford Motor Company would go on to become one of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as well as being one of the few to survive the Great Depression.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The largest family-controlled company in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continuous family control for over 110 years.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford now encompasses two brands: Ford and Lincoln.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford once owned 5 other luxury brands: Volvo, Land Rover, Jaguar, Aston Martin and Mercury.", "Henry Ford __knowledge__ Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.", "Henry Ford __knowledge__ Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line, he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle-class Americans could afford.", "Henry Ford __knowledge__ In doing so, Ford converted the automobile from an expensive curiosity into a practical conveyance that would profoundly impact the landscape of the 20th century.", "Henry Ford __knowledge__ His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry.", "Fordson __knowledge__ Fordson was a brand name of tractors and trucks.", "Fordson __knowledge__ It was used on a range of mass-produced general-purpose tractors manufactured by Henry Ford & Son Inc from 1917 to 1920, by Ford Motor Company (U.S.) and Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) from 1920 to 1928, and by Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) from 1929 to 1964.", "Fordson __knowledge__ They later also built trucks under the Fordson brand.", "Fordson __knowledge__ American engineer, inventor, and businessman Henry Ford built experimental tractors from automobile components during the early 20th century, and launched a prototype known as the Model B in August 1915.", "Fordson __knowledge__ Further prototypes, with a dedicated tractor design, followed in 1916.", "Henry Ford II __knowledge__ Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987), sometimes known as \"HF2\" or \"Hank the Deuce\", was the eldest son of Edsel Ford and eldest grandson of Henry Ford.", "Henry Ford II __knowledge__ He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman for several months thereafter.", "Henry Ford II __knowledge__ Notably, under the leadership of Henry Ford II, Ford Motor Company became a publicly traded corporation in 1956.", "Henry Ford II __knowledge__ From 1943 to 1950, he also served as president of the Ford Foundation.", "Henry Ford II __knowledge__ Henry Ford II was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Eleanor Clay Ford and Edsel Ford on September 4, 1917.", "John Ford __knowledge__ John Ford (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973) was an American film director.", "John Ford __knowledge__ He is renowned both for Westerns such as \"Stagecoach\" (1939), \"The Searchers\" (1956), and \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\" (1962), as well as adaptations of classic 20th-century American novels such as the film \"The Grapes of Wrath\" (1940).", "John Ford __knowledge__ His four Academy Awards for Best Director (in 1935, 1940, 1941, and 1952) remain a record.", "John Ford __knowledge__ One of the films for which he won the award, \"How Green Was My Valley\", also won Best Picture.", "John Ford __knowledge__ In a career that spanned more than 50 years, Ford directed more than 140 films (although most of his silent films are now lost) and he is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation.", "Ford of Britain __knowledge__ Ford of Britain (officially Ford Motor Company Limited) is a British wholly owned subsidiary of Blue Oval Holdings, itself a subsidiary of Ford International Capital LLC, which is a subsidiary of Ford Motor Company.", "Ford of Britain __knowledge__ Its business started in 1909 and has its registered office in Brentwood, Essex.", "Ford of Britain __knowledge__ It adopted the name of Ford of Britain in 1960.", "Ford of Britain __knowledge__ Ford of Britain operates three major manufacturing sites in the UK, in Bridgend (petrol engine production), Dagenham (diesel engine production) and Halewood (transmissions).", "Ford of Britain __knowledge__ It also operates a large research and development facility in Dunton, Essex, which employs over 3,000 engineers.", "Village industries __knowledge__ Henry Ford's Village Industries were small factories located in rural areas of Michigan.", "Village industries __knowledge__ Ford developed his Village Industries in part to provide farm workers a stable source of income during the winter months.", "Village industries __knowledge__ Ford strongly felt that there were many positive aspects to rural life.", "Village industries __knowledge__ At the same time, he recognized that the promise of high wages was encouraging young people to discard the agrarian life of their parents and move to the cities.", "Village industries __knowledge__ The spreading of industrialization (due in part, Ford knew, to his very own factory system) was making farming less attractive and giving farmers less to do in the winter." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China (Changan Ford), one in Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), one in Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), one in Turkey (Ford Otosan), and one in Russia (Ford Sollers).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, although they have minority ownership (but majority of the voting power).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914, these methods were known around the world as Fordism.", "Houston Police Department __knowledge__ The Houston Police Department (HPD) is the primary law enforcement agency serving the City of Houston, Texas, United States and some surrounding areas.", "Houston Police Department __knowledge__ Its headquarters are at 1200 Travis in Downtown Houston.", "Houston Police Department __knowledge__ HPD's jurisdiction often overlaps with several other law enforcement agencies, among them the Harris County Sheriff's Office and the Harris County Constable Precincts.", "Houston Police Department __knowledge__ HPD is the largest municipal police department in Texas.", "Houston Police Department __knowledge__ According to the HPD's website, \"The mission of the Houston Police Department is to enhance the quality of life in the City of Houston by working cooperatively with the public and within the framework of the U.S. Constitution to enforce the laws, preserve the peace, reduce fear and provide for a safe environment.\"", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), which is controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ In 2016, an average of 5.66 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line.", "Top Gear challenges __knowledge__ \"Top Gear\" challenges are a segment of the \"Top Gear\" television programme where the presenters are tasked by the producers, or each other, to prove or do various things related to vehicles.", "Top Gear challenges __knowledge__ Novelty challenges and short stunt films are typically based on absurd premises, such as jumping a bus over motorcycles (instead of the more typical scenario of a motorcycle jumping over buses), or a nun driving a monster truck.", "Top Gear challenges __knowledge__ These features have become much less prominent over the life of the programme (they were much more regular during the first four series); they have been superseded in later series by the \"\"How hard can it be?\"\"", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ Speed limits in the United States vary depending on jurisdiction, with common in the Western United States and common in the Eastern United States.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ States may also set special speed limits for trucks and night travel along with minimum speed limits.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ The highest speed limit in the country is , which is posted on a single stretch of tollway in rural Texas.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ In Alabama, it is illegal to drive at a speed that is not \"reasonable and prudent\" for the current conditions and hazards.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ Drivers must also not drive so slowly that they impede the flow of traffic.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ If the speed limit is not otherwise posted, it is: Trucks carrying hazardous materials are not to exceed .", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Pixar franchise \"Cars\", as well as the Disney franchise \"Planes\", which is set in the same fictional universe: Lightning McQueen, often referred to as \"McQueen\", is the main character in \"Cars\" and \"Cars 3\".", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Owen Wilson.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ McQueen is not modeled directly after a specific make and model, although his design contains some elements inspired by the Chevrolet Corvette C6.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ His Corvette lineage is further suggested by the \"retro\" paint scheme he acquires in Radiator Springs, which resembles that of a Corvette C1.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ Mack (voiced by John Ratzenberger) is a 1985 Mack Super-Liner bearing license plate \"RUSTEZ3\".", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The emphasis is on economic performance and how it was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ Specialized business history is covered in American business history.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial economy differed significantly from that of most other regions in that land and natural resources were abundant in America but labor was scarce.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ From 1700 to 1775 the output of the thirteen colonies increased 12 fold, giving the colonies an economy about 30% the size of Britain's at the time of independence.", "Car Allowance Rebate System __knowledge__ The Car Allowance Rebate System (CARS), colloquially known as \"cash for clunkers\", was a $3 billion U.S. federal scrappage program intended to provide economic incentives to U.S. residents to purchase a new, more fuel-efficient vehicle when trading in a less fuel-efficient vehicle.", "Car Allowance Rebate System __knowledge__ The program was promoted as providing stimulus to the economy by boosting auto sales, while putting safer, cleaner, and more fuel-efficient vehicles on the roadways.", "Car Allowance Rebate System __knowledge__ The program officially started on July 1, 2009, processing of claims began July 24, and the program ended on August 24, as the appropriated funds were exhausted.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ Luxury vehicle is a marketing term for a vehicle that provides luxury — pleasant or desirable features beyond strict necessity — at increased expense.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term suggests a vehicle with higher quality equipment, better performance, more precise construction, comfort, higher design, technologically innovative modern, or features that convey an image, brand, status, or prestige, or any other 'discretionary' feature or combination of them.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term is also broad, highly variable and relative.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ It is a perceptual, conditional and subjective attribute that may be comprehended differently by different people; \"What is a luxury car to some... may be 'ordinary' to others.\"", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ The Lincoln Motor Company (also known simply as Lincoln) is a division of the Ford Motor Company that sells luxury vehicles under the Lincoln brand.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ Founded in 1917 by Henry M. Leland, Lincoln became a subsidiary of Ford in 1922, but is now a division of Ford.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ While currently sold primarily in North America, Ford introduced the Lincoln brand to China in 2014.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ Lincoln vehicles are also officially sold in the Middle East and South Korea.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ The current Lincoln model range in North America consists of two sedans (Continental and MKZ), three crossover utility vehicles (MKC, MKT, and MKX), and a sport utility vehicle (Navigator/Navigator L).", "Lincoln Town Car __knowledge__ The Lincoln Town Car is a model line of full-size luxury sedans that was marketed by the Lincoln division of the American automaker Ford Motor Company from 1981 to 2011.", "Lincoln Town Car __knowledge__ Deriving its name from a style of limousine, \"Town Car\" translated in French is the term \"Sedan de Ville\" (the Cadillac rival to the Lincoln Continental from the 1950s to the 1990s).", "Lincoln Town Car __knowledge__ The Town Car nameplate first appeared as a sub-model of the Continental in 1959, later becoming a trim line during the 1970s.", "Lincoln Town Car __knowledge__ For 1981, the Lincoln Town Car became a distinct product, taking the place of the previous Continental in the Lincoln model line.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "American automobile industry in the 1950s __knowledge__ The 1950s were pivotal for the American automobile industry.", "American automobile industry in the 1950s __knowledge__ The post-World War II era brought a wide range of new technologies to the automobile consumer, and a host of problems for the independent automobile manufacturers.", "American automobile industry in the 1950s __knowledge__ The industry was maturing in an era of rapid technological change; mass production and the benefits from economies of scale led to innovative designs and greater profits, but stiff competition between the automakers.", "American automobile industry in the 1950s __knowledge__ By the end of the decade, the industry had reshaped itself into the Big Three, Studebaker, and AMC.", "American automobile industry in the 1950s __knowledge__ The age of small independent automakers was nearly over, as most of them either consolidated or went out of business.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ The Lincoln Continental is a series of luxury cars produced by Lincoln, a division of the American automaker Ford Motor Company.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ First introduced in 1939 as a coachbuilt convertible for Edsel Ford, the Continental nameplate has been in use by Lincoln across ten generations of vehicles for various times over nearly 80 years.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ The Continental nameplate is derived from the original 1939 convertible, intended to adapt European \"continental\" exterior styling elements to the body and chassis of the Lincoln-Zephyr.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ Following its launch, the Lincoln Continental would become the progenitor of an entirely new automotive segment, the personal luxury car." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China (Changan Ford), one in Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), one in Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), one in Turkey (Ford Otosan), and one in Russia (Ford Sollers).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, although they have minority ownership (but majority of the voting power).", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914, these methods were known around the world as Fordism.", "Jaguar Cars __knowledge__ Jaguar (UK English: , US English: ) is the luxury vehicle brand of Jaguar Land Rover, a British multinational car manufacturer with its headquarters in Whitley, Coventry, England and owned by the Indian company Tata Motors since 2008.", "Jaguar Cars __knowledge__ Jaguar's business was founded as the Swallow Sidecar Company in 1922, originally making motorcycle sidecars before developing bodies for passenger cars.", "Jaguar Cars __knowledge__ Under the ownership of S. S. Cars Limited the business extended to complete cars made in association with Standard Motor Co, many bearing \"Jaguar\" as a model name.", "Jaguar Cars __knowledge__ The company's name was changed from S. S. Cars to Jaguar Cars in 1945.", "Daimler Company __knowledge__ The Daimler Company Limited, until 1910, the Daimler Motor Company Limited, was an independent British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in London by H. J. Lawson in 1896, which set up its manufacturing base in Coventry.", "Daimler Company __knowledge__ The company bought the right to the use of the Daimler name simultaneously from Gottlieb Daimler and Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft of Cannstatt, Germany.", "Daimler Company __knowledge__ After early financial difficulty and a reorganisation of the company in 1904, the Daimler Motor Company was purchased by Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) in 1910, which also made cars under its own name before World War II.", "Jaguar __knowledge__ The jaguar (\"Panthera onca\"), also known in South America as painted onça, is a wild cat species and the only extant member of the genus \"Panthera\" native to the Americas.", "Jaguar __knowledge__ The jaguar's present range extends from Southwestern United States and Mexico across much of Central America and south to Paraguay and northern Argentina.", "Jaguar __knowledge__ Though there are single cats now living within the western United States, the species has largely been extirpated from the United States since the early 20th century.", "Jaguar __knowledge__ It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List; and its numbers are declining.", "Jaguar __knowledge__ Threats include loss and fragmentation of habitat.", "Top Gear challenges __knowledge__ \"Top Gear\" challenges are a segment of the \"Top Gear\" television programme where the presenters are tasked by the producers, or each other, to prove or do various things related to vehicles.", "Top Gear challenges __knowledge__ Novelty challenges and short stunt films are typically based on absurd premises, such as jumping a bus over motorcycles (instead of the more typical scenario of a motorcycle jumping over buses), or a nun driving a monster truck.", "Top Gear challenges __knowledge__ These features have become much less prominent over the life of the programme (they were much more regular during the first four series); they have been superseded in later series by the \"\"How hard can it be?\"\"", "Village industries __knowledge__ Henry Ford's Village Industries were small factories located in rural areas of Michigan.", "Village industries __knowledge__ Ford developed his Village Industries in part to provide farm workers a stable source of income during the winter months.", "Village industries __knowledge__ Ford strongly felt that there were many positive aspects to rural life.", "Village industries __knowledge__ At the same time, he recognized that the promise of high wages was encouraging young people to discard the agrarian life of their parents and move to the cities.", "Village industries __knowledge__ The spreading of industrialization (due in part, Ford knew, to his very own factory system) was making farming less attractive and giving farmers less to do in the winter.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ This article provides an overview of the automotive industry in countries around the world.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ The United States was the world's largest automobile producer by volume from the early years of the 20th century until the 1980s, when it was overtaken by Japan.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ In 2009, China became the world's largest vehicle producer.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Algeria's automotive industry is among the largest on the African continent (together with South Africa, Egypt and Morocco) and can exceed 500,000 units a year.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Renault is the largest manufacturer with an estimated 25.5 percent of the national car market.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Other carmakers represented there include Volkswagen (second largest), Peugeot, Hyundai (fifth largest), Nissan, and Fiat.", "Aston Martin __knowledge__ Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is a British manufacturer of luxury sports cars and grand tourers.", "Aston Martin __knowledge__ It was founded in 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford.", "Aston Martin __knowledge__ Steered from 1947 by David Brown, it became associated with expensive grand touring cars in the 1950s and 1960s, and with the fictional character James Bond following his use of a DB5 model in the 1964 film \"Goldfinger\".", "Aston Martin __knowledge__ Their sports cars are regarded as a British cultural icon.", "Aston Martin __knowledge__ Aston Martin has held a Royal Warrant as purveyor of motorcars to HRH the Prince of Wales since 1982.", "Aston Martin __knowledge__ It has over 150 car dealerships in over 50 countries on 6 continents making them a truly global automobile brand.", "Aston Martin Vantage (2005) __knowledge__ The Aston Martin Vantage is series of hand-built sports cars from the British manufacturer Aston Martin.", "Aston Martin Vantage (2005) __knowledge__ Aston Martin has previously used the \"Vantage\" name on high-performance variants of their existing GT models, notably on the Virage-based car of the 1990s.", "Aston Martin Vantage (2005) __knowledge__ The modern car, in contrast, is the leanest and most agile car in Aston's lineup.", "Aston Martin Vantage (2005) __knowledge__ As such, it is intended as a more focused model to reach out to potential buyers of cars such as the Porsche 911 as well as the exotic sports and GT cars with which Aston Martins traditionally compete.", "Aston Martin Vantage (2005) __knowledge__ Following the unveiling of the AMV8 Vantage concept car in 2003 at the North American International Auto Show, the production V8 Vantage was introduced at the Geneva Motor Show in 2005 for the 2006 model year.", "Aston Martin RHAM/1 __knowledge__ The Aston Martin RHAM/1 was a highly modified Aston Martin DBS V8 racing car, developed by Robin Hamilton, built with the intention of racing at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.", "Aston Martin RHAM/1 __knowledge__ After development by Hamilton, RHAM/1 competed in the 1977 and 1979 24 Hours of Le Mans, finishing 17th overall and 3rd in the GTP class in the 1977 race.", "Aston Martin RHAM/1 __knowledge__ The car has also held the World Land Speed Record, for towing a caravan, at the speed of 124.91 mph.", "Aston Martin RHAM/1 __knowledge__ After completing his apprenticeship with Rolls Royce in Derby, Robin Hamilton set up Robin Hamilton Motors in Tutbry with David Jack.", "Aston Martin RHAM/1 __knowledge__ At Robin Hamilton Motors they specialised solely in Aston Martins.", "Aston Martin DBR1 __knowledge__ The Aston Martin DBR1 was a sports racing car built by Aston Martin starting in 1956, intended for the World Sportscar Championship as well as non-championship sportscar races at the time.", "Aston Martin DBR1 __knowledge__ It is most famous as the victor of the 1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Aston Martin's only outright victory at the endurance classic.", "Aston Martin DBR1 __knowledge__ It is one of only three cars in the 1950s to win both the World Sports Car Championship and Le Mans 24 Hours in the same year (the others being the Ferrari 375 Plus in 1954 and the Ferrari 250TR in 1958).", "Aston Martin DBR1 __knowledge__ In addition the six World Sports Car Championship victories was a record for any car in the 1950s and remained a record in the championship until surpassed by the Ferrari 250TR.", "Aston Martin Vanquish __knowledge__ The Aston Martin Vanquish is a grand tourer introduced by British car manufacturer Aston Martin in 2001 as a successor to the ageing Virage range.", "Aston Martin Vanquish __knowledge__ The first-generation V12 Vanquish, designed by Ian Callum, was unveiled at the 2001 Geneva Motor Show and was produced from 2001 to 2005.", "Aston Martin Vanquish __knowledge__ The prototype, built by the Ford Motor Company and Indian designer Dilip Chhabria, was driven by James Bond in the 2002 film \"Die Another Day\".", "Aston Martin Vanquish __knowledge__ The Vanquish S was unveiled in 2017 with a more powerful engine and improved aerodynamics.", "Aston Martin Vanquish __knowledge__ The Aston Martin V12 Vanquish was designed by Ian Callum and bore a large resemblance to the production DB7 Vantage.", "Aston Martin Racing __knowledge__ Aston Martin Racing is a British auto racing team established in 2004 as a partnership between automobile manufacturer Aston Martin and engineering group Prodrive.", "Aston Martin Racing __knowledge__ The partnership was initially created for the purpose of returning Aston Martin to sports car racing with the DBR9, a heavily modified variant of the Aston Martin DB9.", "Aston Martin Racing __knowledge__ Since the DBR9's racing debut in 2005, Aston Martin Racing has expanded to build a variety of cars available to customers, as well as development of Aston Martin's V12 engine for Le Mans Prototype use.", "Aston Martin Racing __knowledge__ Aston Martin Racing's program has earned several successes over the years.", "Aston Martin DB9 __knowledge__ The Aston Martin DB9 is a British grand tourer first shown by Aston Martin at the 2003 Frankfurt Auto Show.", "Aston Martin DB9 __knowledge__ Available both as a coupe and a convertible known as the Volante, the DB9 was the successor of the DB7.", "Aston Martin DB9 __knowledge__ It was the first model built at Aston Martin's Gaydon facility.", "Aston Martin DB9 __knowledge__ The DB9, designed by Marek Reichman and Henrik Fisker, is made largely of aluminium.", "Aston Martin DB9 __knowledge__ The chassis is the VH platform whilst the engine is the 6.0L V12 from the Aston Martin V12 Vanquish.", "Aston Martin DB9 __knowledge__ It has a top speed of and a 0 to time of 4.5 seconds.", "Aston Martin DB9 __knowledge__ The DB9 is rated well by car critics, who appreciate the car's interior and exterior design." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 ]

[ "I own a ford truck. Ford is a multinational automaker in America. What do you think of Ford's?", "Im glad I have found a fellow fan. They have been around for over 100 years now originally being founded by Henry Ford back in 1903.", "haha i have never heard of that one. You must know alot about the history then. I only discovered that Ford also produce their luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "wow thats good to know. They seem to have many other ventures, they own a stake in aston martin of UK and also Jiangling of China.", "I didnt know that either! They also seem to have ventures in Thailand, Turkey and Russia. They really do get about!" ]

[ "Ford Motor Company", "Ford Motor Company", "Ford Motor Company", "Ford Motor Company", "Ford Motor Company" ]

[ "Pet", "yes, I guess cats and dogs are the most common pets, but there are some variety in there too.", "And do you know of them is more popular, I mean between cats and dogs?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Pet __knowledge__ There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, and emotional goals with patients.", "Pet __knowledge__ Some of the most popular pets are likely dogs and cats; other animals commonly kept may include (but are not limited to) pigs, ferrets, and rabbits; rodents such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, and guinea pigs; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines, and fowl; reptile pets, such as turtles, lizards and snakes; aquatic pets, such as fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, and frogs; arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Pet __knowledge__ There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, and emotional goals with patients.", "Pet __knowledge__ Some of the most popular pets are likely dogs and cats; other animals commonly kept may include (but are not limited to) pigs, ferrets, and rabbits; rodents such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, and guinea pigs; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines, and fowl; reptile pets, such as turtles, lizards and snakes; aquatic pets, such as fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, and frogs; arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ The Sims 3: Pets is the fifth expansion pack for \"The Sims 3\" on PC and Mac, and is the second console game in the series.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ It was released on October 18, 2011 in North America.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ Like in previous expansions for \"The Sims\" games, this expansion introduces pets such as cats and dogs and, for the first time, horses into the game.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ On June 3, 2011, EA confirmed the rumors with a press release and a game trailer which was released on their Official YouTube Channel.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ \"The Sims 3: Pets\" expansion pack is focused around adding animals to the game.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ The player creates their pet in a similar fashion to the 'Create A Sim' feature.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Although capable of living indoors with humans similarly to cats or dogs, pet skunks are relatively rare, partly due to restrictive laws and the complexity of their care.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Pet skunks are mainly kept in the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ In the United States, pet skunks can be purchased from licensed animal shelters, non-profit skunk educational organizations such as the American Domestic Skunk Association, Inc., or breeders with a permit from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Baby skunk availability peaks during springtime, immediately following the skunk mating season.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "2007 pet food recalls __knowledge__ The 2007 pet food recalls comprise the contamination and wide recall of many brands of cat and dog foods beginning in March 2007, and the ensuing developments involving the human food supply.", "2007 pet food recalls __knowledge__ The recalls in North America, Europe, and South Africa came in response to reports of renal failure in pets.", "2007 pet food recalls __knowledge__ Initially, the recalls were associated with the consumption of mostly wet pet foods made with wheat gluten from a single Chinese company.", "2007 pet food recalls __knowledge__ After more than three weeks of complaints from consumers, the recall began voluntarily with the Canadian company Menu Foods on 16 March 2007, when a company test showed sickness and death in some of the test animals.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Animal hoarding is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as domestic pets without ability to properly house or care for them, while at the same time denying this inability.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding can be characterized as a symptom of mental disorder rather than deliberate cruelty towards animals.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders are deeply attached to their pets and find it extremely difficult to let the pets go.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ They typically cannot comprehend that they are harming their pets by failing to provide them with proper care.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders tend to believe that they provide the right amount of care for them.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals provides a \"Hoarding Prevention Team\", which works with hoarders to help them attain a manageable and healthy number of pets.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ An exotic pet is a rare or unusual animal pet, or an animal kept within human households which is generally thought of as a wild species not typically kept as a pet.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ Commonly, the definition is an evolving one; some rodents, reptiles, and amphibians have become firmly enough established in the world of animal fancy to no longer be considered exotic.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ Sometimes any unique or wild-looking pet (including common domestic animals such as the ferret and the fancy rat) is called an exotic pet.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ \"Exotic\" generally refers to a species which is not native or indigenous to the owner's locale, and \"pet\" is a companion animal living with people.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse, animal neglect or animal cruelty, is the infliction by omission (animal neglect) or by commission by humans of suffering or harm upon any non-human animal, regardless of whether the act is against the law.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ More narrowly, it can be the causing of harm or suffering for specific achievement, such as killing animals for food or for their fur; opinions differ about the extent of cruelty associated with a given method of slaughter.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering as an end in itself, defined as zoosadism.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Divergent approaches to laws concerning animal cruelty occur in different jurisdictions throughout the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Cremation __knowledge__ Cremation is the combustion, vaporization and oxidation of cadavers to basic chemical compounds, such as gases, ashes and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone.", "Cremation __knowledge__ Cremation may serve as a funeral or post-funeral rite as an alternative to the interment of an intact dead body in a coffin, casket or shroud.", "Cremation __knowledge__ Cremated remains (aka \"cremains\" or simply, \"ashes\"), which do not constitute a health risk, may be buried or interred in memorial sites or cemeteries, or they may be retained by relatives and dispersed in various ways.", "Cremation __knowledge__ Cremation is an alternative in place of burial or other forms of disposal in funeral practices." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Pet __knowledge__ There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, and emotional goals with patients.", "Pet __knowledge__ Some of the most popular pets are likely dogs and cats; other animals commonly kept may include (but are not limited to) pigs, ferrets, and rabbits; rodents such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, and guinea pigs; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines, and fowl; reptile pets, such as turtles, lizards and snakes; aquatic pets, such as fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, and frogs; arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Dog food is food specifically formulated and intended for consumption by dogs and other related canines.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Like all carnivores, dogs have sharp, pointed teeth, and have short gastrointestinal tracts better suited for the consumption of meat.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In spite of this natural carnivorous design, dogs have still managed to adapt over thousands of years to survive on the meat and non-meat scraps and leftovers of human existence and thrive on a variety of foods.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In the United States alone, dog owners spent over $8.6 billion on commercially manufactured dog food in 2007.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Some people make their own dog food, feed their dogs meals made from ingredients purchased in grocery or health food stores or give their dogs a raw food diet.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Feral cat __knowledge__ A feral cat is a cat that lives outdoors and has had little or no human contact.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They do not allow themselves to be handled or touched by humans, and will run away if they are able.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They typically remain hidden from humans, although some feral cats become more comfortable with people who regularly feed them.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Even with long term attempts at socialization, feral cats usually remain fearful and avoidant of humans.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Feral cats often live outdoors in colonies in locations where they can access food and shelter.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ These colonies are called \"managed colonies\" when they are provided with regular food and care by humans.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ Warriors is a series of novels published by HarperCollins; it is written by authors Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, Tui Sutherland, with the plot developed by editor Victoria Holmes, who collectively use the pseudonym Erin Hunter.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of four Clans of wild cats—ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, and RiverClan —in their forest and lake homes, who look up to StarClan, their warriors ancestors, and spirits in the stars, who guide the four clans.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ SkyClan, the long-forgotten fifth Clan of the forest, is later introduced in the stand-alone novel \"Firestar's Quest\".", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ It receives additional focus in the novel \"SkyClan's Destiny\", the manga trilogy \"SkyClan and the Stranger\", and the 2013 novella \"Cloudstar's Journey\".", "Stereopsis __knowledge__ Stereopsis (from the Greek στερεο- \"stereo-\" meaning \"solid\", and ὄψις \"opsis\", \"appearance, sight\") is a term that is most often used to refer to the perception of depth and 3-dimensional structure obtained on the basis of visual information deriving from two eyes by individuals with normally developed binocular vision.", "Stereopsis __knowledge__ Because the eyes of humans, and many animals, are located at different lateral positions on the head, binocular vision results in two slightly different images projected to the retinas of the eyes.", "Stereopsis __knowledge__ The differences are mainly in the relative horizontal position of objects in the two images.", "Pocket pet __knowledge__ Pocket pet is a term used to refer to a small pet mammal commonly kept as a household pet.", "Pocket pet __knowledge__ The most common pocket pets are rodents such as hamsters, gerbils, degus, fancy mice, fancy rats or guinea pigs.", "Pocket pet __knowledge__ The term also includes pets like sugar gliders, pygmy opossums, flying squirrels, squirrels, and hedgehogs, which have been bred as house pets in the US for the last 15 years.", "Pocket pet __knowledge__ An expanded definition would include larger pets like ferrets, rabbits, and chinchillas.", "Pocket pet __knowledge__ Other small animals kept as pets, like lizards, snakes, turtles, goldfish, birds, and frogs, may not be considered \"pocket pets\".", "Pocket pet __knowledge__ The domestication of small mammals is a relatively recent development, arising only after large-scale industrialization.", "Stereopsis recovery __knowledge__ Stereopsis recovery, also recovery from stereoblindness, is the phenomenon of a stereoblind person gaining partial or full ability of stereo vision (stereopsis).", "Stereopsis recovery __knowledge__ Recovering stereo vision as far as possible has long been established as an approach to the therapeutic treatment of stereoblind patients.", "Stereopsis recovery __knowledge__ Treatment aims to recover stereo vision in very young children, as well as in patients who had acquired but lost their ability for stereopsis due to a medical condition.", "Stereopsis recovery __knowledge__ In contrast, this aim has normally not been present in the treatment of those who missed out on learning stereopsis during their first few years of life.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Although capable of living indoors with humans similarly to cats or dogs, pet skunks are relatively rare, partly due to restrictive laws and the complexity of their care.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Pet skunks are mainly kept in the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ In the United States, pet skunks can be purchased from licensed animal shelters, non-profit skunk educational organizations such as the American Domestic Skunk Association, Inc., or breeders with a permit from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Baby skunk availability peaks during springtime, immediately following the skunk mating season." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "A pet is a companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company", "One thing that gets people hooked on popular pets like cats and dogs is the attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "One thing pet owners can get from their pets is physical and emotional benefits." ]

[ "Pet", "Pet", "Pet" ]

[ "Pizza\nI cannot stand Domino's or Pizza Hut pizza, that isn't real pizza!", "Real pizza is made at REAL Italian restaurants. That stuff is just trash!", "Exactly. Once in a blue if I have no other option the Greek's make a decent substitute for their version of pizza. They use a lot of cheese vs Italians focus on the sauce.", "Wowww I never knew that. I am actually half Swedish too which is similar to Norwegians. Frozen pizza is even worse!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Eagle Boys was an Australian fast food chain specialising in Italian-American cuisine, in particular pizza.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ The chain was acquired by Pizza Hut in November 2016 and was officially closed on the 1st of May 2017.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Eagle Boys was founded in Albury, New South Wales by businessman Tom Potter in 1987.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Since 1992, Eagle Boys national headquarters have been located in Annerley, Queensland.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ In 2007 NBC Capital, a Queensland-based venture capital group, bought Eagle Boys from Potter.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ At the chain's peak, in 2013, more than 340 Eagle Boys stores were operating across Australia.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Outlet numbers fell drastically between the end of 2013 and the end of 2014 to around 170.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel () is the Israeli franchise of Pizza Hut with 56 branches as of September 2014.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel is the largest pizza chain in Israel.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel opened their first restaurant in 1990, under the master franchisee Clal Chains, a subsidiary of Clal Industries.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Initially the chain opened many restaurants in Israeli and was very successful It was in 1996, when Shlomo Duhoki through his company Penthouse paid the sum of USD 12M and bought the business from Clal Chains.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ In 2002 Pizza Hut Israel switch hands again, Dor Alon the Gas company takes over the business from Shlomo Duhoki.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ The presence of pizza restaurant chains has contributed to a significant increase in pizza consumption in China.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ This also had an effect of introducing cheese as a culinary ingredient and everyday food in China, which was relatively uncommon in Chinese cuisine prior to the emergence of pizza chains.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990, and several pizza restaurant chains exist in China today.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990, and Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza both expanded in the Chinese market in the 2000s.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Prior to entering the market, Pizza Hut performed market analysis and research into consumer food preferences, tastes, and dining habits, whereas Domino's simply entered the market providing their standard fare.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Amato's __knowledge__ Amato's Sandwich Shops, Inc., is a chain of Italian restaurants that serves sandwiches, pizza and pasta throughout northern New England, United States.", "Amato's __knowledge__ Founded in 1902 by Giovanni Amato, Amato's currently operates 44 stores.", "Amato's __knowledge__ Recent expansion has been in the form of franchising, most notably in Irving Oil/Circle K locations in Maine and New Hampshire and Maplefields locations in Vermont and northeastern New York.", "Amato's __knowledge__ The company also cans its spaghetti and pizza sauces for sale in Hannaford supermarkets.", "Amato's __knowledge__ Headquartered in Portland, Amato's operates over 40 locations.", "Amato's __knowledge__ About half of these are located throughout their home state of Maine.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans ( or \"italo-americani\" ) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have full or majority-ancestry from Italy.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans are the fourth largest white ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).. About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627).", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel () is the Israeli franchise of Pizza Hut with 56 branches as of September 2014.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel is the largest pizza chain in Israel.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel opened their first restaurant in 1990, under the master franchisee Clal Chains, a subsidiary of Clal Industries.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Initially the chain opened many restaurants in Israeli and was very successful It was in 1996, when Shlomo Duhoki through his company Penthouse paid the sum of USD 12M and bought the business from Clal Chains.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ In 2002 Pizza Hut Israel switch hands again, Dor Alon the Gas company takes over the business from Shlomo Duhoki.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Eagle Boys was an Australian fast food chain specialising in Italian-American cuisine, in particular pizza.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ The chain was acquired by Pizza Hut in November 2016 and was officially closed on the 1st of May 2017.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Eagle Boys was founded in Albury, New South Wales by businessman Tom Potter in 1987.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Since 1992, Eagle Boys national headquarters have been located in Annerley, Queensland.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ In 2007 NBC Capital, a Queensland-based venture capital group, bought Eagle Boys from Potter.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ At the chain's peak, in 2013, more than 340 Eagle Boys stores were operating across Australia.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Outlet numbers fell drastically between the end of 2013 and the end of 2014 to around 170.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., or Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ and formerly Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is an American fast food company.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ A Fortune 500 corporation, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ operates the brands Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and WingStreet worldwide, except in China, where the brands are operated by a separate company, Yum China.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Prior to 2011, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ owned Long John Silver's and A&W Restaurants.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Based in Louisville, Kentucky, it is one of the world's largest fast food restaurant companies in terms of system units—with 43,617 restaurants (including 2,859 that are company-owned and 40,758 that are franchised) around the world in over 135 countries and territories." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Goodreads __knowledge__ Goodreads is an Amazon company and \"social cataloging\" website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler, a software engineer and entrepreneur, and Elizabeth Khuri.", "Goodreads __knowledge__ The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads' database of books, annotations, and reviews.", "Goodreads __knowledge__ Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists.", "Goodreads __knowledge__ They can also create their own groups of book suggestions, surveys, polls, blogs, and discussions.", "Goodreads __knowledge__ In December 2007, the site had over 650,000 members and over 10,000,000 books had been added.", "Goodreads __knowledge__ By July 2012, the site reported 10 million members, 20 million monthly visits, and 30 employees.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum __knowledge__ The Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum (, ) is a narrow-gauge railway and industrial heritage open-air museum established in 2001, at Wiesloch, Germany.", "Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum __knowledge__ The museum is centred around the former locomotive shed of the \" (TIW) brickworks, and houses industrial equipment from large excavators to small machine tools, plus large and small locomotives.", "Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum __knowledge__ It is north of Wiesloch-Walldorf station, lying between the River Leimbach and mainline Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway to the west, and the Bundesstraße 3 and REWE supermarket Group's south-west central warehouses to the east.", "Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum __knowledge__ The museum is based partly on the site of the former ' brickworks which closed in 1989 and had been served by a 600-millimetre narrow-gauge railway network.", "Amato's __knowledge__ Amato's Sandwich Shops, Inc., is a chain of Italian restaurants that serves sandwiches, pizza and pasta throughout northern New England, United States.", "Amato's __knowledge__ Founded in 1902 by Giovanni Amato, Amato's currently operates 44 stores.", "Amato's __knowledge__ Recent expansion has been in the form of franchising, most notably in Irving Oil/Circle K locations in Maine and New Hampshire and Maplefields locations in Vermont and northeastern New York.", "Amato's __knowledge__ The company also cans its spaghetti and pizza sauces for sale in Hannaford supermarkets.", "Amato's __knowledge__ Headquartered in Portland, Amato's operates over 40 locations.", "Amato's __knowledge__ About half of these are located throughout their home state of Maine." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Dr. Oetker __knowledge__ Dr. Oetker is a German company that produces baking powder, cake mixes, yogurts, frozen pizza, pudding, cake decoration, cornflakes and various other products.", "Dr. Oetker __knowledge__ The company is a wholly owned branch of the Oetker Group.", "Dr. Oetker __knowledge__ Also included in the portfolio are a bank, a publishing company, an insurance outfit, breweries and a number of high-class hotels all over Europe.", "Dr. Oetker __knowledge__ The company was founded by Doctor August Oetker in 1891; the first product developed was \"Backin\", a pre-measured amount of baking powder that, when mixed with of flour and other ingredients, produced a cake.", "Dr. Oetker __knowledge__ Dr. Oetker's son, Rudolf, died in the First World War.", "Ford Taunus P1 __knowledge__ The Ford Taunus P1 is a small family car which was produced by Ford Germany from 1952 until 1962.", "Ford Taunus P1 __knowledge__ It was marketed as the Ford Taunus 12M, and, between 1955 and 1959, as the larger-engined Ford Taunus 15M.", "Ford Taunus P1 __knowledge__ The company produced a succession of Ford Taunus 12M models until 1970, as the name was applied to a succession of similarly sized cars, but the first Taunus 12M models, based on the company’s Taunus Project 1 (P1), remained in production only until 1962.", "Ford Taunus P1 __knowledge__ In that year the Taunus P1 series was replaced by the Taunus P4 series.", "Ford Taunus P1 __knowledge__ At its launch, the car placed Ford ahead of the pack, being unusually modern in terms of the bits that showed.", "Tombstone (pizza) __knowledge__ Tombstone is a brand of frozen pizza.", "Tombstone (pizza) __knowledge__ It is available with a variety of toppings, including pepperoni, mushrooms, olives, onions, bell peppers, and sausage.", "Tombstone (pizza) __knowledge__ The package design typically includes images of a cactus and the pizza.", "Tombstone (pizza) __knowledge__ Tombstone was founded in Medford, Wisconsin, United States, by Pep Simek, his brother, Ron Simek, and two other individuals in 1962.", "Tombstone (pizza) __knowledge__ The name came from \"The Tombstone Tap\", a tavern owned by the Simeks which was located across from a cemetery.", "Tombstone (pizza) __knowledge__ In 1986, the Tombstone Pizza Company became a wholly owned but \"freestanding\" division of Kraft Foods.", "Tombstone (pizza) __knowledge__ The employees who worked for Tombstone at the time were allowed to keep their jobs, although Pep and Ron Simek stepped aside from their roles in the business.", "Ellio's Pizza __knowledge__ Ellio's Pizza is an American brand of frozen pizza owned and distributed by Dr. Oetker, a German corporation, and sold in grocery stores in the Northeastern United States.", "Ellio's Pizza __knowledge__ Ellio's was previously owned by McCain Foods, a Canadian corporation, but was sold to Dr. Oetker in 2014.", "Ellio's Pizza __knowledge__ Although it is not available for sale in much of the country, the pizza brand has remained popular throughout the Northeast since its introduction in 1963.", "Ellio's Pizza __knowledge__ In 1963, Ellio's Pizza was founded in the Long Island, New York town of Great Neck by Elias Betzios and George Liolis.", "Ellio's Pizza __knowledge__ Four years later, Ellio's introduced its signature \"9 slice\" pizza in a box comprising 3 rectangular pizzas, each divisible crosswise into three slices.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world.", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ \"The Biggest Loser\" (Season 2) is the show's second season.", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ Marion Caunter replaces Sarimah Ibrahim as the host of the show.", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ This season officially started airing on September 21, 2010 on Diva Universal (Asia).", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ The weights are measured in Kilograms.", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ 1.", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ Shiela was a competitor on the lose big program alongside Rico and Desiree.", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ This season begins with the auditions being held all over Asia, starting with Manila city, then Singapore, followed by Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur and finally Bangkok.", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ Tons of hopefuls turned up with the hope that their lives might change for the better.", "The Biggest Loser Asia (season 2) __knowledge__ Some memorable moments included Malaysia's Nasha Lee, who weighed in at almost 250 kg." ] ]

[ 12, 21, 13, 7 ]

[ "So what's the real pizza?Pizza hut is an American chain of restaurants", "Sure ! Real Italian pizza offers an abundance of taste, and is one copied all over the world.", "Survey conducted in 2004 suggests thatNorwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans. ", "Pizza is one of the most popular food in Europe and North America. " ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Smoking", "That is not a good habit to have.", "You should quit it will save your life." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.", "Smoking __knowledge__ Most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a small, round cylinder called a \"cigarette\".", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking is primarily practiced as a route of administration for recreational drug use because the combustion of the dried plant leaves vaporizes and delivers active substances into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and reach bodily tissue.", "Smoking __knowledge__ In the case of cigarette smoking these substances are contained in a mixture of aerosol particles and gasses and include the pharmacologically active alkaloid nicotine; the vaporization creates heated aerosol and gas to form that allows inhalation and deep penetration into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream of the active substances occurs.", "Smoking __knowledge__ In some cultures, smoking is also carried out as a part of various rituals, where participants use it to help induce trance-like states that, they believe, can lead them to spiritual enlightenment.", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking generally has negative health effects, because smoke inhalation inherently poses challenges to various physiologic processes such as respiration." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.", "Smoking __knowledge__ Most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a small, round cylinder called a \"cigarette\".", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking is primarily practiced as a route of administration for recreational drug use because the combustion of the dried plant leaves vaporizes and delivers active substances into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and reach bodily tissue.", "Smoking __knowledge__ In the case of cigarette smoking these substances are contained in a mixture of aerosol particles and gasses and include the pharmacologically active alkaloid nicotine; the vaporization creates heated aerosol and gas to form that allows inhalation and deep penetration into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream of the active substances occurs.", "Smoking __knowledge__ In some cultures, smoking is also carried out as a part of various rituals, where participants use it to help induce trance-like states that, they believe, can lead them to spiritual enlightenment.", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking generally has negative health effects, because smoke inhalation inherently poses challenges to various physiologic processes such as respiration.", "Good Habit __knowledge__ Good Habit were a professional touring band mostly from Penarth in South Wales, active 1970–1975.", "Good Habit __knowledge__ They had one single \"Find My Way Back Home\" that was released by RCA and reviewed by John Peel in Sounds.", "Good Habit __knowledge__ Some songs including \"Ship of Gold\" were recorded for Peel's sessions.", "Good Habit __knowledge__ For a while the band wore green monastic habits on stage.", "Good Habit __knowledge__ Live favorites included Danger Zone and King of the Mountain, final numbers would be Keep on Moving and Chicken Shack Stomp/ Hey Bo Diddley.", "Good Habit __knowledge__ Good Habit toured with many well-known artists over the years, including Thin Lizzy, Gong, The Velvet Underground, Funkadelic, UFO, Focus, Rory Gallagher, The Who, Genesis, and others.", "History of the South African Air Force __knowledge__ The History of the South African Air Force spans the First World War, Rand Rebellion of 1922, the Second World War, the Korean War, the South African Border War, and varied peacekeeping operations since 1994.", "History of the South African Air Force __knowledge__ Its battle honours include German South West Africa 1914–15, German East Africa 1915–1918, East Africa: 1939–1941, Middle East: 1941–43, Madagascar 1942, Italy 1943–1945, the Balkans 1943–1945, and Korea 1950–1953.", "History of the South African Air Force __knowledge__ The first winged flight in South Africa is thought to have been made around 1875 by John Goodman Household in a primitive glider in the Karkloof district of Natal.", "History of the South African Air Force __knowledge__ The first powered flight is attributed to the French aviator Albert Kimmerling on 28 December 1909 at East London flying a Voisin 1907 biplane.", "Ninja Hattori-kun __knowledge__ , known as Ninja Hattori in some countries, is a manga series created by Fujiko Fujio, later adapted into a television drama, a 1981 anime series, a video game and a live-action movie.", "Ninja Hattori-kun __knowledge__ It was remade as a 2012 anime series as a joint venture between India and Japan and is currently airing in several Asian countries including in India itself in English.", "Ninja Hattori-kun __knowledge__ 11-year-old Kenichi Mitsuba is an average kid who goes to secondary school and struggles with his studies, he is very stubborn and is very lazy and therefore always ends up frustrating his parents and teacher.", "Ninja Hattori-kun __knowledge__ He loves to find an easy way of things much to the annoyance of Hattori.", "Shima Shima Tora no Shimajirō __knowledge__ The series is officially based on the \"Kodomo Challenge\" Educational Learning Program created by Benesse in 1988 aimed primarily to preschoolers, which Shimajirō serves as the official mascot.", "Shima Shima Tora no Shimajirō __knowledge__ The anime is listed as one of the most popular Educational Preschool shows in Japan, with having a total of 8 seasons that continues to 3 anime sequels.", "Shima Shima Tora no Shimajirō __knowledge__ It was widely popular among children, parents and adults, gaining a decent fanbase over the years.", "Shima Shima Tora no Shimajirō __knowledge__ According to research done by Benesse in 2015, the series has 99.2% recognition among parents with children aged 0 to 6.", "Shima Shima Tora no Shimajirō __knowledge__ \"Shima Shima Tora no Shimajirō\" was officially created after Benesse and TV Setouchi both decided to adapt the Learning Program series into a full-fledged series for television, with part of the staff being former Tatsunoko Production director Hisayuki Toriumi and music composer Shin'ya Naitō.", "William Baker (colonist) __knowledge__ William Baker ( – 14 September 1836) was a New South Wales Marine and member of the First Fleet that founded the European penal colony of New South Wales.", "William Baker (colonist) __knowledge__ Initially an orderly for the colony's first Governor, Arthur Phillip, Baker was later appointed government storekeeper in Parramatta, and storekeeper and superintendent of convicts in the rural settlement of Hawkesbury.", "William Baker (colonist) __knowledge__ In 1810 he was dismissed from all government posts after being found to have misused his position for personal gain, and relocated to Hobart where he became the inaugural crier for Australia's oldest colony-wide judicature, the Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land.", "Vigil (album) __knowledge__ Vigil is the fifth studio album by Australian rock band The Easybeats, released in May 1968.", "Vigil (album) __knowledge__ This would be the second and final album by the band released on the United Artists Records label.", "Vigil (album) __knowledge__ During mid 1967 the band were working on the follow-up to their \"Good Friday\" album with producer Glyn Johns at Olympic Recording Studios.", "Vigil (album) __knowledge__ According to John Tait's book \"Vanda & Young: Inside Australia's Hit factory\", the album was to be titled \"Good Times\".", "Vigil (album) __knowledge__ However, due to legal issues between the band and its Australian production company Albert Productions, that album was permanently shelved.", "Vigil (album) __knowledge__ Some of the surviving tracks (\"Good Times\", \"Land of Make Believe\"), as well as newly recorded ones, would be used on what was now titled \"Vigil\" (so titled as tribute to the fans who held vigil for the album's long release).", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Nordic bread culture has existed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from prehistoric time through to the present.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Four grain types dominated in the Nordic countries: barley and rye are the oldest; wheat and oats are more recent.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ During the Iron Age (500 AD – 1050 AD), rye became the most commonly used grain, followed by barley and oats.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Rye was also the most commonly used grain for bread up until the beginning of the 20th century.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Today, older grain types such as emmer and spelt are once again being cultivated and new bread types are being developed from these grains.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Archaeological finds in Denmark indicate use of the two triticum (wheat) species, emmer and einkorn, during the Mesolithic Period (8900 BC – 3900 BC).", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ Tobacco smoking is the practice of smoking tobacco and inhaling tobacco smoke (consisting of particle and gaseous phases).", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ (A more broad definition may include simply taking tobacco smoke into the mouth, and then releasing it, as is done by some with tobacco pipes and cigars.)", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ The practice was believed to begin as early as 5000–3000 BC.", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ Tobacco was introduced to Eurasia in the late 17th century where it followed common trade routes.", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ The practice encountered criticism from its first import into the Western world onwards, but embedded itself in certain strata of a number of societies before becoming widespread upon the introduction of automated cigarette-rolling apparatus.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ Tobacco use has predominantly negative effects on human health and concern about health effects of tobacco has a long history.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ Research has focused primarily on cigarette tobacco smoking.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ In 1950, Richard Doll published research in the \"British Medical Journal\" showing a close link between smoking and lung cancer.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ Four years later, in 1954, the British Doctors Study, a study of some 40,000 doctors over 20 years, confirmed the suggestion, based on which the government issued advice that smoking and lung cancer rates were related.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ Tobacco smoke contains more than fifty chemicals that cause cancer.", "Leon Festinger __knowledge__ Leon Festinger (8 May 1919 – 11 February 1989) was an American social psychologist, perhaps best known for cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory.", "Leon Festinger __knowledge__ His theories and research are credited with renouncing the previously dominant behaviorist view of social psychology by demonstrating the inadequacy of stimulus-response conditioning accounts of human behavior.", "Leon Festinger __knowledge__ Festinger is also credited with advancing the use of laboratory experimentation in social psychology, although he simultaneously stressed the importance of studying real-life situations, a principle he perhaps most famously practiced when personally infiltrating a doomsday cult.", "Cigarette __knowledge__ A cigarette is a small cylinder of finely cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper for smoking.", "Cigarette __knowledge__ The cigarette is ignited at one end causing the cigarette to smoulder and allowing smoke to be inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth; in some cases, a cigarette holder may be used, as well.", "Cigarette __knowledge__ Most modern manufactured cigarettes are filtered, and also include reconstituted tobacco and other additives.", "Cigarette __knowledge__ The term \"cigarette\", as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but can apply to similar devices containing other substances, such as a cannabis cigarette.", "Cigarette __knowledge__ A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its smaller size, use of processed leaf, and paper wrapping, which is normally white, though other colors and flavors are also available.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Smoking cessation (also known as quitting smoking) is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, which is addictive.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Nicotine withdrawal makes the process of quitting often very prolonged and difficult.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Seventy percent of smokers would like to quit smoking, and 50 percent report attempting to quit within the past year.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Tobacco cessation significantly reduces the risk of dying from tobacco-related diseases such as coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Due to its link to many chronic diseases, cigarette smoking has been restricted in many public areas.", "Social comparison bias __knowledge__ Social comparison bias is having feelings of dislike and competitiveness with someone that is seen physically, or mentally better than yourself.", "Social comparison bias __knowledge__ A majority of people in society base their moods and feelings on how well they are doing compared to other people in their environment.", "Social comparison bias __knowledge__ Social comparison bias happens in everyday society regularly.", "Social comparison bias __knowledge__ Social comparison bias can be defined as having feelings of dislike and competitiveness with someone that is seen as physically or mentally better than yourself.", "Social comparison bias __knowledge__ This can be compared to social comparison, which is believed to be central to achievement motivation, feelings of injustice, depression, jealousy and people's willingness to remain in relationships or jobs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.", "Smoking __knowledge__ Most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a small, round cylinder called a \"cigarette\".", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking is primarily practiced as a route of administration for recreational drug use because the combustion of the dried plant leaves vaporizes and delivers active substances into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and reach bodily tissue.", "Smoking __knowledge__ In the case of cigarette smoking these substances are contained in a mixture of aerosol particles and gasses and include the pharmacologically active alkaloid nicotine; the vaporization creates heated aerosol and gas to form that allows inhalation and deep penetration into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream of the active substances occurs.", "Smoking __knowledge__ In some cultures, smoking is also carried out as a part of various rituals, where participants use it to help induce trance-like states that, they believe, can lead them to spiritual enlightenment.", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking generally has negative health effects, because smoke inhalation inherently poses challenges to various physiologic processes such as respiration.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Electronic cigarette __knowledge__ An electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a handheld electronic device that tries to create the feeling of tobacco smoking.", "Electronic cigarette __knowledge__ It works by heating a liquid to generate an aerosol, commonly called a \"vapor\", that the user inhales.", "Electronic cigarette __knowledge__ Using e-cigarettes is sometimes called vaping.", "Electronic cigarette __knowledge__ The liquid in the e-cigarette, called e-liquid, is usually made of nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerine, and flavorings.", "Electronic cigarette __knowledge__ Not all e-liquids contain nicotine.", "Electronic cigarette __knowledge__ The health risks of e-cigarettes are uncertain, but they are likely safer than tobacco cigarettes.", "Electronic cigarette __knowledge__ Their long-term health effects are not known.", "Electronic cigarette __knowledge__ They can help some smokers quit.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Smoking cessation (also known as quitting smoking) is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, which is addictive.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Nicotine withdrawal makes the process of quitting often very prolonged and difficult.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Seventy percent of smokers would like to quit smoking, and 50 percent report attempting to quit within the past year.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Tobacco cessation significantly reduces the risk of dying from tobacco-related diseases such as coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer.", "Smoking cessation __knowledge__ Due to its link to many chronic diseases, cigarette smoking has been restricted in many public areas.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Stanley Kirk Burrell (born March 30, 1962), better known by his stage name MC Hammer, is an American hip hop recording artist, dancer, record producer and entrepreneur.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ He had his greatest commercial success and popularity from the late 1980s, until the early 1990s.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Remembered for his rapid rise to fame, Hammer is known for hit records (such as \"U Can't Touch This\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\"), flashy dance movements, choreography and eponymous Hammer pants.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ A multi-award winner, M.C.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop rap (incorporating elements of ), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ I Love Money 2 or I Love Money (season 2) is the second season of the VH1 reality television series \"I Love Money\", created by Surreal Life executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ The 19 contestants for the second season were drawn from \"I Love New York\", \"Flavor of Love\", \"Rock of Love\", and \"Real Chance of Love\" to compete in physical and mental challenges, aiming for a $250,000 grand prize.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ Production began in late October 2008 & wrapped November 2008, and the show premiered on February 2, 2009 with Craig J. Jackson returning to host.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was Angela Pitts, also known as Myammee.", "Rent control in Scotland __knowledge__ Rent control in Scotland is based upon the statutory codes relating to private sector residential tenancies.", "Rent control in Scotland __knowledge__ Although not strictly within the private sector, tenancies granted by housing associations, etc., are dealt with as far as is appropriate in this context.", "Rent control in Scotland __knowledge__ Controlling prices, along with security of tenure and oversight by an independent regulator or the courts, is a part of rent regulation.", "Rent control in Scotland __knowledge__ Regarding Rent Act legislation, when the legislation deals solely with the law applicable to private sector residential tenancies, the Act usually covers, \"mutatis mutantis\", both Scotland and England and Wales; but when the legislation also covers other matters, it is more customary for separate parallel Acts to be promoted.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the 1994 television series \"Spider-Man.\"", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Peter Benjamin Parker (Christopher Daniel Barnes) is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ A one-time high school \"science geek\", Peter was the subject of much ridicule, especially at the hands of Flash Thompson.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ After his parents died in a plane crash, Peter lived with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May, who doted and worried endlessly about the reclusive boy suddenly placed in their midst.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ During a class field trip to see a demonstration of Neogenic radiation, carried on by Professor Farley Stillwell, a spider crawled into Stillwell's machine and became irradiated, biting Peter in the hand and granting him the proportionate abilities of a spider, including superhuman strength, durability, stamina, speed, agility, senses and a \"Spider-Sense\" that warned him of imminent danger.", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ Tobacco smoking is the practice of smoking tobacco and inhaling tobacco smoke (consisting of particle and gaseous phases).", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ (A more broad definition may include simply taking tobacco smoke into the mouth, and then releasing it, as is done by some with tobacco pipes and cigars.)", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ The practice was believed to begin as early as 5000–3000 BC.", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ Tobacco was introduced to Eurasia in the late 17th century where it followed common trade routes.", "Tobacco smoking __knowledge__ The practice encountered criticism from its first import into the Western world onwards, but embedded itself in certain strata of a number of societies before becoming widespread upon the introduction of automated cigarette-rolling apparatus.", "History of smoking __knowledge__ The history of smoking dates back to as early as 4000 BC in the Americas in shamanistic rituals.", "History of smoking __knowledge__ With the arrival of the Europeans in the 16th century, the consumption, cultivation, and trading of tobacco quickly spread.", "History of smoking __knowledge__ The modernization of farming equipment and manufacturing increased the availability of cigarettes following the reconstruction era in the United States.", "History of smoking __knowledge__ Mass production quickly expanded the scope of consumption, which grew until the scientific controversies of the 1960s, and condemnation in the 1980s.", "History of smoking __knowledge__ Cannabis was common in the Middle East before the arrival of tobacco, and is known to have existed in at least 5000 BC.", "Shamanism __knowledge__ Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world.", "Shamanism __knowledge__ A shaman ( or ) is someone who is regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of benevolent and malevolent spirits, who typically enters into a trance state during a ritual, and practices divination and healing.", "Shamanism __knowledge__ The word \"shaman\" probably originates from the Tungusic Evenki language of North Asia.", "Shamanism __knowledge__ According to ethnolinguist Juha Janhunen, \"the word is attested in all of the Tungusic idioms\" such as Negidal, Lamut, Udehe/Orochi, Nanai, Ilcha, Orok, Manchu and Ulcha, and \"nothing seems to contradict the assumption that the meaning 'shaman' also derives from Proto-Tungusic\" and may have roots that extend back in time at least two millennia.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ Confucianism and Taoism, later joined by Buddhism, constitute the \"three teachings\" that have shaped Chinese culture.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ There are no clear boundaries between these intertwined religious systems, which do not claim to be exclusive, and elements of each enrich popular or folk religion.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ The emperors of China claimed the Mandate of Heaven and participated in Chinese religious practices.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, reform-minded officials and intellectuals attacked all religions as \"superstitious\", and since 1949, China has been governed by the Communist Party of China, an atheist institution that prohibits party members from practising religion while in office.", "Tobacco and art __knowledge__ Depictions of tobacco smoking in art date back at least to the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, where smoking had religious significance.", "Tobacco and art __knowledge__ The motif occurred frequently in painting of the 17th-century Dutch Golden Age, in which people of lower social class were often shown smoking pipes.", "Tobacco and art __knowledge__ In European art of the 18th and 19th centuries, the social location of people – largely men – shown as smoking tended to vary, but the stigma attached to women who adopted the habit was reflected in some artworks.", "Tobacco and art __knowledge__ Art of the 20th century often used the cigar as a status symbol, and parodied images from tobacco advertising, especially of women.", "Smoking ban __knowledge__ Smoking bans (or smoke-free laws) are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations, that prohibit tobacco smoking in workplaces and other public spaces.", "Smoking ban __knowledge__ Legislation may also define smoking as more generally being the carrying or possessing of any lit tobacco product.", "Smoking ban __knowledge__ Smoking bans are enacted in an attempt to protect people from the effects of second-hand smoke, which include an increased risk of heart disease, cancer, emphysema, and other diseases.", "Smoking ban __knowledge__ Laws implementing bans on indoor smoking have been introduced by many countries in various forms over the years, with some legislators citing scientific evidence that shows tobacco smoking is harmful to the smokers themselves and to those inhaling second-hand smoke." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 6 ]

[ "I am a smoker and smoking is burning substance breathed in to be tasted, nasty habit Im trying to quit", "In some cultures smoking is part of their rituals but is a hard habit to break for me", "I agree smoking has horrible negative health affects and can kill " ]

[ "Smoking", "Smoking", "Smoking" ]

[ "Beer\nI really love beer, im the one that always buys it also :D, do you like beer, whats your favorite kind?", "I like Budweiser, its my favorite, i like a bit stronger beers, BudLight is not good for me, i like black beers also", "Yes like dark beer, my mistake germans say Schwarzbier, it is but its the strongest tasting for me, of all mainstream beers ", "Yes i love it also, its sold in pints, the can haves a small ball inside to take up space and to preserve the bubbles i think", "Yes the taste is strong, its an Irish beer, so everything about it is strong, even the alcohol level is higher i think :D" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "History of beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest beverages humans have produced, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC in Iran, and was recorded in the written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and spread throughout the world.", "History of beer __knowledge__ As almost any cereal containing certain sugars can undergo spontaneous fermentation due to wild yeasts in the air, it is possible that beer-like beverages were independently developed throughout the world soon after a tribe or culture had domesticated cereal.", "History of beer __knowledge__ Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced as far back as about 7,000 years ago in what is today Iran.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ My Favorite Kind of Geniie () is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Genie Chuo's () fourth Mandarin studio album.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ It was released by Rock Records on 7 November 2008 with two album cover versions: \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Sexy Edition)\" (超級喜歡 [初] 輕熟性感盤) and \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Sweet Edition)\" (超級喜歡 [漾] 可口甜心盤) both with the same bonus DVD.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ Two more editions were released: \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Collectable Edition)\" (超級喜歡 獨家快樂珍藏盤) on 23 December 2008 and \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (New Year Edition)\" (超級喜歡 新春感謝回饋盤) on 20 January 2009, both with different bonus DVD.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ Four editions were released by Rock Records:", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Rachel McKenna is a fictional character from the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\", played by Angela Bloomfield and who made her first appearance in early 1993.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Bloomfield left the role in 1999, before returning in 2001 and departing in 2003.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ She returned in a guest role in 2007 and again in a full-time role in 2009 before departing once again in 2016.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Arriving as part of the McKenna family unit, Rachel debuted in early 1993 alongside her mother Alex (Liddy Holloway), the estranged wife of hospital CEO Michael McKenna (Paul Gittins).", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ The family were later joined by Rachel's homosexual brother Jonathon (Kieren Hutchison).", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ Beer pong (also known as Dartmouth pong or Backgammon) is a drinking game loosely based on ping pong, that involves use of paddles to hit a ping pong ball into obstacles on the opposing side.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The origin of beer pong is generally credited to Dartmouth College.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The name \"beer pong\" also refers to a similar game sometimes called Beirut, in which players throw a ping pong ball by hand at an opponent's cups located across a table.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The origins of the game are obscure but it has been attributed to a Dartmouth College fraternity party.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ An Alpha Phi Delta fraternity alumnus, David Thielscher, class of 1954, recalled in an interview for \"The Dartmouth\" newspaper that beer pong was played when he was an undergraduate.", "Thuis __knowledge__ Thuis (\"At Home\") is a Belgian television soap opera, which airs on één, which is in the hands of VRT, the national broadcasting channel of the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.", "Thuis __knowledge__ \"Thuis\" first aired on 23 December 1995, featuring Pol Goossen, Janine Bischops, Merel De Vilder Robier, Sally-Jane Van Horebeeck, Annick Segal, Monika Van Lierde, Rik Andries and the late Donald Madder.", "Thuis __knowledge__ \"Thuis\" grew to become Flanders' number one soap, gaining 900,000 viewers (compared to the highest rated TV show, receives 1.5 million viewers), and therefore beating competing for channel vtm's soap operas \"Familie\" (\"Family\") and former series \"Wittekerke\" (a fictional town, White Church).", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ North Korea has at least ten major breweries and many microbreweries that supply a wide range of beer products.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ The top brand is the light lager Taedonggang.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ The country's problems with goods distribution and power output have forced North Korean brewers to innovate.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ To minimize distribution, many restaurants and hotels maintain their own microbreweries.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ Because unreliable power supply makes it difficult to refrigerate beer, North Koreans have developed their own steam beer, an originally American beer style brewed in higher than normal temperatures, that is widely available.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ Although the Korean liquor soju is preferred, beer comes second when it comes to consumption.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Budweiser () is an American-style pale lager produced by Anheuser-Busch, currently part of the transnational corporation Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, it has grown to become one of the largest selling beers in the United States, and is available in over 80 markets worldwidethough, due to a trademark dispute, not necessarily under the Budweiser name.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Produced in various breweries around the world, Budweiser is a filtered beer available in draft and packaged forms.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Anheuser–Busch has been involved in a trademark dispute with European beer companies, in particular the Budweiser Budvar Brewery of České Budějovice, Czech Republic, over the trademark rights to the name \"Budweiser\".", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ Beer in Belgium varies from pale lager via the amber of special and lambic beer, red of Flemish red, to black of Scotch and Stout beers.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ There are approximately 180 breweries in the country, ranging from international giants to microbreweries.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ In 2016, UNESCO inscribed Belgian beer culture on their list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, noting that: beer culture in Belgium combines know-how concerning nature, social practices and craft skills that constitute an integral part of daily and festive life.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ Regularly shared between practitioners, knowledge and skills are transmitted from masters to apprentices in breweries but also within families, in public spaces and through formal education.", "Cask ale __knowledge__ Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is unfiltered and unpasteurised beer which is conditioned (including secondary fermentation) and served from a cask without additional nitrogen or carbon dioxide pressure.", "Cask ale __knowledge__ Cask ale is also sometimes referred to as real ale in the United Kingdom, a term coined by the Campaign for Real Ale, often now extended to cover bottle-conditioned beer as well.", "Cask ale __knowledge__ Cask means container.", "Cask ale __knowledge__ The Histories of Herodotus, written in 424 BC, refers to \"casks of palm-wood filled with wine\" being moved by boat to Babylon, though clay vessels would also have been used.", "Cask ale __knowledge__ Stout wooden barrels held together with an iron hoop were developed by the north European Celts during the Iron Age for storing goods.", "De Beers __knowledge__ The De Beers Group of Companies is an international corporation that specialises in diamond exploration, diamond mining, diamond retail, diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors.", "De Beers __knowledge__ The company is currently active in open-pit, large-scale alluvial, coastal and deep sea mining.", "De Beers __knowledge__ It operates in 35 countries and mining takes place in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Canada.", "De Beers __knowledge__ Until the start of the 21st century, De Beers effectively had total control over the diamond market as a monopoly.", "De Beers __knowledge__ Competition has since dismantled the complete monopoly, though De Beers Group still sells approximately 35% of the world's rough diamond production through its Global Sightholder Sales and Auction Sales businesses.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ Anheuser-Busch, a wholly owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, is the largest brewing company in the United States, with a market share of 45 percent in 2016.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ The company operates 12 breweries in the United States and nearly 20 in other countries, which increased recently since Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV acquired SABMiller.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ Brands include \"Budweiser\", \"Busch\", \"Michelob\", \"Bud Light\", and \"Natural Light\".", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ \"Budweiser\" is a 5.0% ABV Adjunct pale lager introduced in 1876 by Adolphus Busch and has become one of the best selling beers in the United States.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Drink __knowledge__ A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption.", "Drink __knowledge__ In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture.", "Drink __knowledge__ Common types of drinks include plain water, milk, juices, coffee, tea, and soft drinks.", "Drink __knowledge__ In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the drug ethanol, have been part of human culture and development for 8,000 years.", "Drink __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic drinks often signify drinks that would normally contain alcohol, such as beer and wine, but are made with less than .5 percent alcohol by volume.", "Drink __knowledge__ The category includes drinks that have undergone an alcohol removal process such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the \"Camellia sinensis\", an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.", "Tea __knowledge__ After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.", "Tea __knowledge__ There are many different types of tea; some, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral or grassy notes.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink.", "Tea __knowledge__ It was popularized as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ An alcoholic drink, or alcoholic beverage, is a drink that contains alcohol (ethanol), a depressant which in low doses causes euphoria, reduced anxiety, and sociability and in higher doses causes intoxication (drunkenness), stupor and unconsciousness.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ Long-term use can lead to alcohol abuse, physical dependence, and alcoholism.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ Drinking alcohol plays an important social role in many cultures.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ Most countries have laws regulating the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ Some countries ban such activities entirely, but alcoholic drinks are legal in most parts of the world.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ The global alcoholic drink industry exceeded $1 trillion in 2014.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "Lager __knowledge__ Lager () is a type of beer conditioned at low temperatures.", "Lager __knowledge__ It may be pale, golden, amber, or dark.", "Lager __knowledge__ Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer.", "Lager __knowledge__ Well-known brands include Pilsner Urquell, Miller, Stella Artois, Beck's, Brahma, Budweiser Budvar, Corona, Snow, Tsingtao, Singha, Kirin, Heineken, Carling, Foster's, and Carlsberg.", "Lager __knowledge__ As well as maturation in cold storage, lager is also distinguished by the use of the Saccharomyces pastorianus yeast.", "Lager __knowledge__ While it is possible to use lager yeast in a warm fermentation process, such as with American steam beer, the lack of a cold storage maturation phase precludes such beer from being classified as lager.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Beer in Mexico has a long history.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ While Mesoamerican cultures knew of fermented alcoholic beverages, including a corn beer, long before the Spanish conquest, European style beer brewed with barley was introduced with the Spanish soon after Hernán Cortés’s arrival.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Production of this beer here was limited during the colonial period due to the lack of materials and severe restrictions and taxes placed on the product by Spanish authorities.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ After the Mexican War of Independence, these restrictions disappeared, and the industry was permitted to develop.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Furthermore, the arrival of German immigrants and the short-lived empire of Austrian Maximilian I in the 19th century provided the impetus for the opening of many breweries in various parts of the country.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Stout __knowledge__ Stout is a dark beer made using roasted malt or roasted barley, hops, water and yeast.", "Stout __knowledge__ Stouts were traditionally the generic term for the strongest or stoutest porters, typically 7% or 8% alcohol by volume (ABV), produced by a brewery.", "Stout __knowledge__ There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, milk stout, and imperial stout; the most common variation is dry stout, exemplified by Guinness Draught, the world's best selling stout.", "Stout __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"stout\" for beer was in a document dated 1677 found in the Egerton Manuscript, the sense being that a stout beer was a strong beer not a dark beer.", "Beer style __knowledge__ Beer style is a term used to differentiate and categorize beers by factors such as colour, flavour, strength, ingredients, production method, recipe, history, or origin.", "Beer style __knowledge__ The modern concept of beer style is largely based on the work of writer Michael Jackson in his 1977 book \"The World Guide To Beer\" in which he categorised beers from around the world into style groups according to local customs and names.", "Beer style __knowledge__ In 1989, Fred Eckhardt furthered Jackson's work publishing \"The Essentials of Beer Style\".", "Beer style __knowledge__ Although the systematic study of beer styles is a modern phenomenon, the practice of distinguishing between different varieties of beer is ancient, dating to at least 2000 BC.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ Beer in Belgium varies from pale lager via the amber of special and lambic beer, red of Flemish red, to black of Scotch and Stout beers.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ There are approximately 180 breweries in the country, ranging from international giants to microbreweries.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ In 2016, UNESCO inscribed Belgian beer culture on their list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, noting that: beer culture in Belgium combines know-how concerning nature, social practices and craft skills that constitute an integral part of daily and festive life.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ Regularly shared between practitioners, knowledge and skills are transmitted from masters to apprentices in breweries but also within families, in public spaces and through formal education.", "Oriental Brewery __knowledge__ Oriental Brewery or OB (Hangul: 오비맥주) is a South Korean brewery owned by AB InBev.", "Oriental Brewery __knowledge__ (was started by Doosan group) Established by the Doosan Group in 1952, it was purchased by InBev in 1998.", "Oriental Brewery __knowledge__ In July 2009, it was sold by Anheuser-Busch InBev as the parent company sought to reduce its debt.", "Oriental Brewery __knowledge__ It was sold to an affiliate of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.. Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB Inbev) has retained the right to purchase OB five years from its sale, at predetermined financial terms.", "Oriental Brewery __knowledge__ In April 2014, AB Inbev executed its right to repurchase OB.", "Oriental Brewery __knowledge__ OB became a subsidiary of AB Inbev again.", "Oriental Brewery __knowledge__ Today OB produces several of Korea's most popular beverages including the OB, Cass and Cafri lager brands.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ Anheuser-Busch, a wholly owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, is the largest brewing company in the United States, with a market share of 45 percent in 2016.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ The company operates 12 breweries in the United States and nearly 20 in other countries, which increased recently since Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV acquired SABMiller.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ Brands include \"Budweiser\", \"Busch\", \"Michelob\", \"Bud Light\", and \"Natural Light\".", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ \"Budweiser\" is a 5.0% ABV Adjunct pale lager introduced in 1876 by Adolphus Busch and has become one of the best selling beers in the United States.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ The GABS 'Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year' poll began as a bit of fun in January 2008 at The Local Taphouse beer bars in Melbourne and Sydney, the home of the very first GABS beer festival in 2011.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Staff and customers voted for their favourite five Australian craft beers of the year and the resultant list of 100 beers was jokingly called the \"hottest 100 Aussie craft beers of the year\" after the famous Triple J Hottest 100 songs annual poll.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Now supported by beer publications Crafty Pint and Australian Brews News, the annual beer poll attracts thousands of beer fans around the country who vote for their favourite Australian craft beers each year.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products.", "American lager __knowledge__ American lager or North American lager is pale lager that is produced in The United States.", "American lager __knowledge__ Pale lager originated in Europe in the mid-19th century, and moved to America with German immigrants.", "American lager __knowledge__ As a general trend outside of Bavaria and the Czech Republic where the beers may be firmly hopped, pale lager developed as a modestly hopped beer, and sometimes used adjuncts such as rice or maize – and this was also true in America.", "American lager __knowledge__ Worldwide, the best-known American lager is Annheuser-Busch InBev's Budweiser, though prominent brands are also made by MillerCoors (Coors Light, Miller Genuine Draft, etc.)" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Small ball (baseball) __knowledge__ In the sport of baseball, small ball is an informal term for an offensive strategy in which the batting team emphasizes placing runners on base and then advancing them into scoring position for a run in a deliberate, methodical way.", "Small ball (baseball) __knowledge__ This strategy places a high value on individual runs and attempts to score them without requiring extra base hits, or sometimes without base hits at all, instead using bases on balls, stolen bases, sacrifice bunt or sacrifice fly balls, the hit-and-run play, and aggressive baserunning with such plays as the contact play.", "Small ball (baseball) __knowledge__ A commonly used term for a run produced playing small ball is a \"manufactured run\".", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Charm School with Ricki Lake is the third and final season of the VH1 reality television series \"Charm School\".", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Fourteen contestants from \"Rock of Love Bus with Bret Michaels\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" must change their old ways and learn improvement through acts of charity work.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ricki Lake is the headmistress of the Charm School, and is assisted by deans Alani \"La La\" Vazquez and Stryker.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ebony Jones (Risky) was ultimately named Charm School Queen and was awarded the $100,000.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ \"First Aired May 11, 2009 This season of \"Charm School\" opens with fourteen women from \"Rock of Love Bus\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" on a bus traveling to meet their headmistress, Ricki Lake.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ The team was coached by Bill O'Brien and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ They were a member of the Big Ten Conference and its Leaders Division.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ Penn State was ineligible to play in a bowl game for the 2013 season, the second season of a four-year ban, due to NCAA sanctions imposed in the wake of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ Before the season, Penn State had an open competition to win the starting quarterback position; true freshman Christian Hackenberg won and started all 12 games for the Nittany Lions.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The Haves and the Have Nots is an American crime drama and soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The premise of the series is based on Perry's 2011 play \"The Haves and the Have Nots\".", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The show premiered on May 28, 2013 on the Oprah Winfrey Network.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ It is the first scripted television series to air on the network.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ Both the show's first and second episodes aired back-to-back on its premiere night.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode is one hour long.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Variety\" has recognized \"The Haves and the Have Nots\" as \"OWN's most popular series to date.\"", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ In addition, the drama series has been acclaimed as being \"one of OWN's biggest success stories with its weekly dose of soapy fun, filled with the typical betrayals, affairs, manipulations, and a bitch slap or two.\"", "Tyler Perry __knowledge__ Tyler Perry (born Emmitt Perry Jr.; September 13, 1969) is an American actor and comedian.", "Tyler Perry __knowledge__ In 2011, \"Forbes\" listed him as the highest paid man in entertainment; he earned $130 million USD between May 2010 and 2011.", "Tyler Perry __knowledge__ Perry created and performs the Madea character, a tough elderly black woman.", "Tyler Perry __knowledge__ Perry also creates films, some produced as live recordings of stage plays, and others filmed using full sets and locations with full editing.", "Tyler Perry __knowledge__ Perry is estimated to have earned around US$75 million by 2008.", "Tyler Perry __knowledge__ Many of Perry's stage-play films have been subsequently adapted as films.", "Tyler Perry __knowledge__ Perry wrote and produced many stage plays during the 1990s and early 2000s.", "Small ball (basketball) __knowledge__ In basketball, small ball is a style of play that sacrifices height, physical strength and low post offense/defense in favor of a lineup of smaller players for speed, agility and increased scoring (often from the three-point line).", "Small ball (basketball) __knowledge__ Many small ball lineups feature a non-traditional center who offers skills that are not normally found from players at that position.", "Small ball (basketball) __knowledge__ Teams often move a physically dominant player who would typically play the small forward position into the power forward position.", "Small ball (basketball) __knowledge__ Examples of players who have been used in this role include Kevin Durant, Carmelo Anthony, and LeBron James.", "Stout __knowledge__ Stout is a dark beer made using roasted malt or roasted barley, hops, water and yeast.", "Stout __knowledge__ Stouts were traditionally the generic term for the strongest or stoutest porters, typically 7% or 8% alcohol by volume (ABV), produced by a brewery.", "Stout __knowledge__ There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, milk stout, and imperial stout; the most common variation is dry stout, exemplified by Guinness Draught, the world's best selling stout.", "Stout __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"stout\" for beer was in a document dated 1677 found in the Egerton Manuscript, the sense being that a stout beer was a strong beer not a dark beer.", "Guinness Foreign Extra Stout __knowledge__ Guinness Foreign Extra Stout (FES) is a stout produced by the Guinness Brewery, an Irish brewing company owned by Diageo, a drinks multinational.", "Guinness Foreign Extra Stout __knowledge__ First brewed by Guinness in 1801, FES was designed for export, and is more heavily hopped than Guinness Draught and Extra Stout, and typically has a higher alcohol content (at around 7.5% ABV), which gives it a more bitter taste.", "Guinness Foreign Extra Stout __knowledge__ The extra hops were intended as a natural preservative for the long journeys the beer would take by ship.", "Guinness Foreign Extra Stout __knowledge__ FES is the Guinness variant that is most commonly found in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, and it accounts for almost half of Guinness sales worldwide.", "Guinness __knowledge__ Guinness () is an Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness (1725–1803) at St. James's Gate brewery in the capital city of Dublin, Ireland.", "Guinness __knowledge__ Guinness, produced by the Diageo beverages company, is one of the most successful beer brands worldwide.", "Guinness __knowledge__ It is brewed in almost 50 countries and is available in over 120.", "Guinness __knowledge__ Annual sales total of Guinness in 2011 was .", "Guinness __knowledge__ Guinness features a burnt flavour that is derived from malted barley and roasted unmalted barley.", "Guinness __knowledge__ The use of roasted barley is a relatively modern development, not becoming part of the grist until the mid-20th century.", "Guinness __knowledge__ For many years, a portion of aged brew was blended with freshly brewed beer to give a sharp lactic acid flavour.", "Porter (beer) __knowledge__ Porter is a dark style of beer developed in London from well-hopped beers made from brown malt.", "Porter (beer) __knowledge__ The name was first recorded in the 18th century, and is thought to come from its popularity with street and river porters.", "Porter (beer) __knowledge__ The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined.", "Porter (beer) __knowledge__ The name \"stout\" as used for a dark beer is believed to have come about because strong porters were marketed under such names as \"Extra Porter\", \"Double Porter\", and \"Stout Porter\".", "Porter (beer) __knowledge__ The term \"Stout Porter\" would later be shortened to just \"Stout\".", "Porter (beer) __knowledge__ For example, Guinness Extra Stout was originally called Extra Superior Porter and was only given the name Extra Stout in 1840.", "Barley __knowledge__ Barley (\"Hordeum vulgare\"), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.", "Barley __knowledge__ It was one of the first cultivated grains, particularly in Eurasia as early as 10,000 years ago.", "Barley __knowledge__ Barley has been used as animal fodder, as a source of fermentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various health foods.", "Barley __knowledge__ It is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures.", "Barley __knowledge__ Barley grains are commonly made into malt in a traditional and ancient method of preparation.", "Barley __knowledge__ In 2014, barley was ranked fourth among grains in quantity produced (144 million tonnes) behind maize, rice and wheat.", "Beer style __knowledge__ Beer style is a term used to differentiate and categorize beers by factors such as colour, flavour, strength, ingredients, production method, recipe, history, or origin.", "Beer style __knowledge__ The modern concept of beer style is largely based on the work of writer Michael Jackson in his 1977 book \"The World Guide To Beer\" in which he categorised beers from around the world into style groups according to local customs and names.", "Beer style __knowledge__ In 1989, Fred Eckhardt furthered Jackson's work publishing \"The Essentials of Beer Style\".", "Beer style __knowledge__ Although the systematic study of beer styles is a modern phenomenon, the practice of distinguishing between different varieties of beer is ancient, dating to at least 2000 BC." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Low-alcohol beer __knowledge__ Low-alcohol beer (also called light beer, non-alcoholic beer, small beer, small ale, or near-beer) is beer with little or no alcohol content , which aims to reproduce the taste of beer without the inebriating effects of standard alcoholic brews.", "Low-alcohol beer __knowledge__ Most low-alcohol beers are lagers, but there are some low-alcohol ales.", "Low-alcohol beer __knowledge__ In the United States, beverages containing less than 0.5% alcohol by volume (ABV) were legally called non-alcoholic, according to the now-defunct Volstead Act.", "Low-alcohol beer __knowledge__ Because of its very low alcohol content, non-alcoholic beer may be legally sold to minors in many American states.", "Low-alcohol beer __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the following definitions apply by law (correct as of May 2007): In some parts of the European Union, beer must contain no more than 0.5% ABV if it is labelled \"alcohol-free\".", "Breathalyzer __knowledge__ A breathalyzer or breathalyser (a portmanteau of \"breath\" and \"analyzer/analyser\") is a device for estimating blood alcohol content (BAC) from a breath sample.", "Breathalyzer __knowledge__ Breathalyzer is the brand name (a genericized trademark) for the instrument that tests the alcohol level developed by inventor Robert Frank Borkenstein.", "Breathalyzer __knowledge__ It was registered as a trademark on May 13, 1954, but many people use the term to refer to any generic device for estimating blood alcohol content .", "Breathalyzer __knowledge__ A 1927 paper produced by Emil Bogen, who collected air in a football bladder and then tested this air for traces of alcohol, discovered that the alcohol content of 2 litres of expired air was a little greater than that of 1 cc of urine.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Vin Santo __knowledge__ Vin Santo or Vino Santo (\"holy wine\") is a style of Italian dessert wine.", "Vin Santo __knowledge__ Traditional in Tuscany, these wines are often made from white grape varieties such as Trebbiano and Malvasia, though Sangiovese may be used to produce a \"rosé\" style known as \"Occhio di Pernice\" or eye of the partridge.", "Vin Santo __knowledge__ The wines may also be described as straw wines since they are often produced by drying the freshly harvested grapes on straw mats in a warm and well ventilated area of the house.", "Vin Santo __knowledge__ (However, several producers dry the grapes by hanging on racks indoors.)", "Vin Santo __knowledge__ Though technically a dessert wine, a Vin Santo can vary in sweetness levels from bone dry (like a Fino Sherry) to extremely sweet.", "Ripeness in viticulture __knowledge__ In viticulture, ripeness is the completion of the ripening process of wine grapes on the vine which signals the beginning of harvest.", "Ripeness in viticulture __knowledge__ What exactly constitutes ripeness will vary depending on what style of wine is being produced (sparkling, still, fortified, \"rosé\", dessert wine, etc.)", "Ripeness in viticulture __knowledge__ and what the winemaker and viticulturist personally believe constitutes ripeness.", "Ripeness in viticulture __knowledge__ Once the grapes are harvested, the physical and chemical components of the grape which will influence a wine's quality are essentially set so determining the optimal moment of ripeness may be considered the most crucial decision in winemaking.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Members of the movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets (e.g.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Brazil, India and Bangladesh) most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English writer, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ He is also acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is currently little read and mostly out of print.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ During his lifetime he befriended many people who are now part of the 19th-century literary canon, including Charles and Mary Lamb, Stendhal, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and John Keats.", "Caesarstone __knowledge__ Caesarstone Ltd., or Caesarstone (, \"Even Qeysar\"), is a publicly traded company that engages in the production and marketing of quartz surfaces used for kitchen countertops, vanity tops, flooring, wall cladding and general interior design.", "Caesarstone __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1987 and is traded on the NASDAQ in New York (CSTE).", "Caesarstone __knowledge__ Headquarters are located in Kibbutz Sdot Yam in Israel, and its production facilities are in Israel and the USA.", "Caesarstone __knowledge__ Its products are sold in approximately 50 countries around the world through a network of 6 subsidiaries and numerous distributors.", "Caesarstone __knowledge__ Caesarstone Ltd. manufactures quartz surfaces in three different sites, two in Israel – Kibbutz Sdot Yam and the Bar Lev Industrial Zone near Karmiel, and in its new plant in Richmond Hill, GA, USA, since May 27, 2015.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government." ] ]

[ 1, 9, 26, 56, 15 ]

[ "Oh i do like a good beer. It is the most widely consumed alcoholic drink in the world afterall and the third most popular drink ever after tea and water. I tend to go for coors. What about you?", "What is black beer? Like stout? Budweiser is an american style pale lager isnt it?", "Have you ever tried a guiness? its a dark beer/stout but it is an aquired taste. They are dark because they are made using roasted malt or roasted barley.", "I quite like it too but it did take me a while to get used to the taste. It is very popular and is sold in almost 50 countries around the world.", "haha thats why I like it then! I wouldnt be too much of a fan of those low alcohol beers with little or not alcohol content!" ]

[ "Beer", "Beer", "Beer", "Beer", "Beer" ]

[ "United States Armed Forces\nI am in the Air Force.", "Yes. It's an interesting place to be these days.", "I like it. I've made longtime friends and I'm up above the fracas.", "No, I meant I am on a refueling plane, mainly up in the air." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ It consists of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The President of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and forms military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), both federal executive departments, acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ All five armed services are among the seven uniformed services of the United States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ From the time of its inception, the U.S. Armed Forces played a decisive role in the history of the United States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ Even so, the founders of the United States were suspicious of a permanent military force.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ It played a critical role in the American Civil War, continuing to serve as the armed forces of the United States, although a number of its officers resigned to join the military of the Confederate States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Eglin Air Force Base, a United States Air Force base located southwest of Valparaiso, Florida, was established in 1935 as the Valparaiso Bombing and Gunnery Base.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ It is named in honor of Lieutenant Colonel Frederick I. Eglin (1891–1937), who was killed in a crash of his Northrop A-17 pursuit aircraft on a flight from Langley to Maxwell Field, Alabama.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Eglin is the home of the Air Armament Center (AAC) and is one of three product centers in the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC).", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Valparaiso Airport was created in 1933, when an arrowhead-shaped parcel of was cleared for use as an airdrome.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ In 1931, the Air Corps Tactical School, newly relocated to Maxwell Field, Alabama, sought a location for a bombing and gunnery range.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ Continental Air Command (ConAC) (1948–1968) was a Major Command of the United States Air Force (USAF) responsible primarily for administering the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ During the Korean War, ConAC provided the necessary augmentation to the regular Air Force while it rebuilt itself under wartime conditions.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ Later, during the 1950s, it was a training force for reservists with no prior military service.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ ConAC provided peacetime airlift missions for the Air Force.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ It was mobilized twice in 1961 and 1962 by president Kennedy for the Berlin and Cuban Missile Crisis.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ Lastly, it was used by president Lyndon B. Johnson for airlift operations into the Dominican Republic and South Vietnam.", "Air National Guard __knowledge__ The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force as well as the militia air force of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands.", "Air National Guard __knowledge__ It, along with each state's, district's, commonwealth's or territory's Army National Guard component, makes up the National Guard of each state and the districts, commonwealths and territories as applicable.", "Air National Guard __knowledge__ When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role.", "Air National Guard __knowledge__ However, if federalized by order of the President of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the United States Air Force.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ It is the most recent branch of the U.S. Armed Forces to be formed.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ The USAF is the largest and most technologically advanced air force in the world.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ The service articulates its core functions as nuclear deterrence operations, air supremacy, space superiority, cyberspace superiority, command and control, global integrated ISR, global precision attack, special operations, rapid global mobility, personnel recovery, agile combat support, and building partnerships.", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ The Eighth Air Force (Air Forces Strategic) (8 AF) is a numbered air force (NAF) of the United States Air Force's Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC).", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ The command serves as Air Forces Strategic – Global Strike, one of the air components of United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM).", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ The Eighth Air Force includes the heart of America's heavy bomber force: the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber, the B-1 Lancer supersonic bomber, and the B-52 Stratofortress heavy bomber aircraft.", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ Established on 22 February 1944 by the redesignation of VIII Bomber Command at RAF Daws Hill in High Wycombe, England, 8 AF was a United States Army Air Forces combat air force in the European Theater of World War II (1939/41–1945), engaging in operations primarily in the Northern Europe AOR; carrying out strategic bombing of enemy targets in France, the Low countries, and Germany; and engaging in air-to-air fighter combat against enemy aircraft until the German capitulation in May 1945.", "Air Force Reserve Command __knowledge__ The Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) is a Major Command (MAJCOM) of the United States Air Force, with its headquarters at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia.", "Air Force Reserve Command __knowledge__ It is the federal Air Reserve Component (ARC) of the U.S. Air Force, consisting of commissioned officers and enlisted airmen.", "Air Force Reserve Command __knowledge__ AFRC supports the Air Force mission to defend the United States through the control and exploitation of air and space by supporting Global Engagement.", "Air Force Reserve Command __knowledge__ AFRC also plays an integral role in the day-to-day Air Force mission and is not strictly a force held in reserve for possible war or contingency operations.", "Air Force Reserve Command __knowledge__ The federal reserve component of the United States Air Force, AFRC has approximately 450 aircraft assigned for which it has sole control, as well as access to several hundred additional active duty USAF aircraft via AFRC \"Associate\" wings that are collocated with active duty Air Force wings, sharing access to those same active duty Air Force aircraft.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ The Portuguese Air Force () is the aerial warfare force of Portugal.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ Locally, it is referred to by the acronym FAP, but internationally is often referred to by the acronym PoAF.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ It is the youngest of the three branches of the Portuguese Armed Forces.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ The Portuguese Air Force was formed on July 1, 1952, when the former \"Aeronáutica Militar\" (Army Aviation) and \"Aviação Naval\" (Naval Aviation) were united and formed an independent air branch of the Armed Forces.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ However, the remote origins of the FAP go back to the early 20th century, with the establishment of the first military air unit in 1911, of the Military Aeronautics School in 1914, of the participation of Portuguese pilots in the World War I and of establishment of the Army and Navy aviation services." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ It consists of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The President of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and forms military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), both federal executive departments, acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ All five armed services are among the seven uniformed services of the United States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ From the time of its inception, the U.S. Armed Forces played a decisive role in the history of the United States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ Even so, the founders of the United States were suspicious of a permanent military force.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ It played a critical role in the American Civil War, continuing to serve as the armed forces of the United States, although a number of its officers resigned to join the military of the Confederate States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Dívčí Hrad __knowledge__ Dívčí Hrad (Girls Castle) village lies on the on Osoblaha river in the northern part of Osoblažsko region, just a few hundred metres to the north from the narrow gauge railway.", "Dívčí Hrad __knowledge__ The first written reference of the village dates back to 1267, when in the Brunos of Schaumburg will it is stated as Deuviz Castle.", "Dívčí Hrad __knowledge__ Nowadays there are 291 inhabitants living there.", "Dívčí Hrad __knowledge__ A dominating feature of the village, visible from a far distance, is Dívčí Hrad Chateau built over the river Osoblaha in the 13th century.", "Dívčí Hrad __knowledge__ The greatest boom the chateau has ever experienced was at the end of the 16th century and at the beginning of the 17th century under the rule of Sedlnický from Choltice.", "Kavrepalanchok District __knowledge__ Kavrepalanchok District ( \"Kābhrēpalāñcōk Jillā\"), (English spelling also: Kavrepalanchowk or Kabhrepalanchok) a part of Province No.", "Kavrepalanchok District __knowledge__ 3, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia.", "Kavrepalanchok District __knowledge__ The district, with Dhulikhel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,396 km and has a population (2011) of 381,937.", "Kavrepalanchok District __knowledge__ Information Technology Park is also located in this district.", "Kavrepalanchok District __knowledge__ The small health centers in many VDCs are without Auxiliary Health Workers (AHWs), Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) and Community Health Workers (CHWs).", "Kavrepalanchok District __knowledge__ So, people seeking emergency health assistance have to travel a long distance to the district headquarters or Kathmandu or end up dying because of lack of treatment.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Air National Guard __knowledge__ The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force as well as the militia air force of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands.", "Air National Guard __knowledge__ It, along with each state's, district's, commonwealth's or territory's Army National Guard component, makes up the National Guard of each state and the districts, commonwealths and territories as applicable.", "Air National Guard __knowledge__ When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role.", "Air National Guard __knowledge__ However, if federalized by order of the President of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the United States Air Force.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Eglin Air Force Base, a United States Air Force base located southwest of Valparaiso, Florida, was established in 1935 as the Valparaiso Bombing and Gunnery Base.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ It is named in honor of Lieutenant Colonel Frederick I. Eglin (1891–1937), who was killed in a crash of his Northrop A-17 pursuit aircraft on a flight from Langley to Maxwell Field, Alabama.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Eglin is the home of the Air Armament Center (AAC) and is one of three product centers in the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC).", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Valparaiso Airport was created in 1933, when an arrowhead-shaped parcel of was cleared for use as an airdrome.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ In 1931, the Air Corps Tactical School, newly relocated to Maxwell Field, Alabama, sought a location for a bombing and gunnery range.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ Continental Air Command (ConAC) (1948–1968) was a Major Command of the United States Air Force (USAF) responsible primarily for administering the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ During the Korean War, ConAC provided the necessary augmentation to the regular Air Force while it rebuilt itself under wartime conditions.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ Later, during the 1950s, it was a training force for reservists with no prior military service.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ ConAC provided peacetime airlift missions for the Air Force.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ It was mobilized twice in 1961 and 1962 by president Kennedy for the Berlin and Cuban Missile Crisis.", "Continental Air Command __knowledge__ Lastly, it was used by president Lyndon B. Johnson for airlift operations into the Dominican Republic and South Vietnam.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Historically, an armourer is a person who makes personal armour, especially plate armour.", "Armourer __knowledge__ In modern terms, an armourer is a member of a military or police force who works in an armoury and maintains and repairs small arms and weapons systems, with some duties resembling those of a civilian gunsmith.", "Armourer __knowledge__ With the renewed interest in traditional armour and weaponry, the occupation also involves working with film, stage, and historical and reenactment societies.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Period costumes may require reproduction armour, swords, and related equipment.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Armourers are the oldest trade in the British Army and trace their heritage back several centuries.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ It is the most recent branch of the U.S. Armed Forces to be formed.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ The USAF is the largest and most technologically advanced air force in the world.", "United States Air Force __knowledge__ The service articulates its core functions as nuclear deterrence operations, air supremacy, space superiority, cyberspace superiority, command and control, global integrated ISR, global precision attack, special operations, rapid global mobility, personnel recovery, agile combat support, and building partnerships.", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ The Eighth Air Force (Air Forces Strategic) (8 AF) is a numbered air force (NAF) of the United States Air Force's Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC).", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ The command serves as Air Forces Strategic – Global Strike, one of the air components of United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM).", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ The Eighth Air Force includes the heart of America's heavy bomber force: the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber, the B-1 Lancer supersonic bomber, and the B-52 Stratofortress heavy bomber aircraft.", "Eighth Air Force __knowledge__ Established on 22 February 1944 by the redesignation of VIII Bomber Command at RAF Daws Hill in High Wycombe, England, 8 AF was a United States Army Air Forces combat air force in the European Theater of World War II (1939/41–1945), engaging in operations primarily in the Northern Europe AOR; carrying out strategic bombing of enemy targets in France, the Low countries, and Germany; and engaging in air-to-air fighter combat against enemy aircraft until the German capitulation in May 1945.", "United States Army Air Forces __knowledge__ The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF), more informally known as the Air Force, was the aerial warfare service of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II (1939/41–1945), successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force of today, one of the five uniformed military services.", "United States Army Air Forces __knowledge__ The AAF was a component of the United States Army, which in 1942 was divided functionally by executive order into three autonomous forces: the Army Ground Forces, the Services of Supply (which in 1943 became the Army Service Forces), and the Army Air Forces." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ It consists of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The President of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and forms military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), both federal executive departments, acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ All five armed services are among the seven uniformed services of the United States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ From the time of its inception, the U.S. Armed Forces played a decisive role in the history of the United States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ Even so, the founders of the United States were suspicious of a permanent military force.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ It played a critical role in the American Civil War, continuing to serve as the armed forces of the United States, although a number of its officers resigned to join the military of the Confederate States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ The Fracas!", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ Improv Festival (commonly known as Fracas!)", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ is a three-day (formerly a two-day) annual improvisational theatre festival held at The University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ The festival is hosted by Second Nature Improv, one of USC's improv troupes.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ In addition to performances, the festival hosts discussion panels with professional improvisers currently working in television, film, and/or theatre, as well as improv workshops.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ While the performances and panels are open to the public, workshops are available only to registered festival participants.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ Fracas!", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ I (2004) The first Fracas!", "Red Wanting Blue __knowledge__ Red Wanting Blue (also known as RWB) is a rock and roll band led by Scott Terry that formed in Athens, Ohio in 1996.", "Red Wanting Blue __knowledge__ In 1999 the band relocated its headquarters to Columbus, Ohio, the city Red Wanting Blue now calls home.", "Red Wanting Blue __knowledge__ RWB has been touring for nearly two decades playing around 200 live shows a year.", "Red Wanting Blue __knowledge__ Red Wanting Blue is known as an explosive live act to follow, with Terry being compared to some of the most entertaining frontmen in the industry.", "Red Wanting Blue __knowledge__ On April 20, 2010 RWB announced that after fourteen years of operating as an independent band, they would be signing a three-album contract with \"Fanatic Records\" (Caroline/Capitol Music Group/Universal Music Group) out of New York City.", "Family Fracas __knowledge__ \"Family Fracas\" is the 19th episode of the third season–and the 41st episode overall–of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\".", "Family Fracas __knowledge__ It was written by Holly Schlesinger and directed by Don MacKinnon.", "Family Fracas __knowledge__ It aired on Fox in the United States on April 14, 2013.", "Family Fracas __knowledge__ While the Belchers are on their way to the movie theater, their car breaks down and Jimmy Pesto takes advantage of the situation to mock Bob relentlessly.", "Family Fracas __knowledge__ Leaving the car at the roadside, they decide instead to see the taping of a television show at the local studio.", "Family Fracas __knowledge__ Bob runs across Chuck Charles, with whom he has a history (see \"Beefsquatch\"), and who is now the host of \"Family Fracas\", a game show styled after \"Double Dare\" that offers a new minivan as its grand prize.", "Gino Fracas __knowledge__ Gino Fracas (April 28, 1930 – October 29, 2009) was a professional Canadian football player and hall of fame CIS football coach.", "Gino Fracas __knowledge__ He was professor of Human Kinetics at the University of Windsor from 1967 to 1995.", "Gino Fracas __knowledge__ Fracas was born in Windsor, Ontario, on April 28, 1930, and attended Assumption College Catholic High School, where he was named to the All-City football team in 1947 and 1949 and to the all-Ontario team in 1948 as a halfback.", "Gino Fracas __knowledge__ He won consecutive provincial championships with his high school team and another championship with the 1950 Assumption College Junior Ontario Rugby Football Union team.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability engineering is a sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes dependability in the lifecycle management of a product.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Dependability, or reliability, describes the ability of a system or component to function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability is closely related to availability, which is typically described as the ability of a component or system to function at a specified moment or interval of time.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability is theoretically defined as the probability of success formula_1 as the frequency of failures; or in terms of availability, as a probability derived from reliability, testability and maintainability.", "Failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system __knowledge__ A failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system (FRACAS) is a system, sometimes carried out using software, that provides a process for reporting, classifying, analyzing failures, and planning corrective actions in response to those failures.", "Failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system __knowledge__ It is typically used in an industrial environment to collect data, record and analyze system failures.", "Failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system __knowledge__ A FRACAS system may attempt to manage multiple failure reports and produces a history of failure and corrective actions.", "Failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system __knowledge__ FRACAS records the problems related to a product or process and their associated root causes and failure analyses to assist in identifying and implementing corrective actions.", "List of St. Elsewhere characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the medical drama \"St.", "List of St. Elsewhere characters __knowledge__ Elsewhere\".", "List of St. Elsewhere characters __knowledge__ Portrayed by Ed Flanders (regular cast member, 1982–1987; recurring appearances, 1987–1988) Kindly Dr. Westphall was Director of Medicine at St. Eligius, the hospital that served as \"St.", "List of St. Elsewhere characters __knowledge__ Elsewhere's\" setting, and was regarded as its heart, who was one of the two principal characters of the series.", "List of St. Elsewhere characters __knowledge__ He was the one other characters went to for a kindly word and a pat on the back.", "List of St. Elsewhere characters __knowledge__ Dr. Westphall started his association with the hospital as a troubled youth under the influence of hospital founder Fr.", "List of St. Elsewhere characters __knowledge__ Joseph McCabe (Edward Herrmann).", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ In the fictional universe of the \"Stargate\" franchise, the people of Earth have encountered numerous extraterrestrial races on their travels through the Stargate.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ In addition to a diversity of alien life, there is also an abundance of other humans, scattered across the cosmos by advanced aliens in the distant past.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ Some of the most significant species in \"Stargate SG-1\" are the Goa'uld, the Asgard, and the Replicators.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ \"Stargate Atlantis\", set in the Pegasus galaxy, introduced the Wraith and the Asurans.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ One of the most influential species in \"Stargate\", the Ancients, have moved on to a higher plane of existence.", "Competitive swimwear __knowledge__ Competitive swimwear generally refers to the swimsuit, clothing, equipment and accessories used in the aquatic sports of swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, triathlon and water polo.", "Competitive swimwear __knowledge__ Some swimsuits are designed specifically for swimming competitions where they may be constructed of a special low resistance fabric that reduces skin drag.", "Competitive swimwear __knowledge__ For some kinds of swimming and diving, special bodysuits called \"diveskins\" are worn.", "Competitive swimwear __knowledge__ These suits are made from spandex and provide little thermal protection, but they do protect the skin from stings and abrasion.", "Competitive swimwear __knowledge__ Most competitive swimmers also wear special swimsuits including partial bodysuits, racerback styles, jammers and racing briefs to assist their glide through the water thus gaining a speed advantage.", "List of The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers characters __knowledge__ This article showcases characters from the television show The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers.", "List of The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers characters __knowledge__ All of the Rangers must touch their badges on their uniforms in order to activate their series 5 implants.", "List of The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers characters __knowledge__ The Rangers are: Zachary Foxx is the captain of the series 5 Rangers.", "List of The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers characters __knowledge__ He was seriously injured in a battle with a space Pirate named Captain Kidd and his entire left side was replaced with bionics which allow him to fire blasts of energy with his left arm and gives him extraordinary strength.", "List of The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers characters __knowledge__ Within Captain Zachary Foxx, the implant's function is simply to act as a power conduit: triggering the badge activates a sequence of events that supercharges his left-side bionics and enables either a boosting of the myomer muscles and tendons, or a channelling of bioelectrical energy through the bionic amplifiers to produce an energy blast of up to 16 standard carbine shots, which makes him capable of blasting a wall apart, spot-welding circuitry, or possibly punching through a ship's hull.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ The University of Scranton’s 58-acre hillside campus is located in the heart of Scranton, a community of 75,000 within a greater metropolitan area of 750,000 people, located in northeast Pennsylvania.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Founded in 1888 as St. Thomas College and elevated to university status in 1938, the University has grown and changed over time.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Since 1984, the University has completed over 50 renovation projections.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Over the past decade alone, the University’s campus has undergone a dramatic transformation, as the school has invested more than $240 million towards campus improvements and construction, including the Loyola Science Center, the DeNaples Center, Pilarz and Montrone Halls, Condron Hall, Edward R. Leahy, Jr. Hall, and the Dionne Green.", "Old Man's War __knowledge__ Old Man's War is a military science fiction novel by American writer John Scalzi, published in 2005.", "Old Man's War __knowledge__ His debut novel, it was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2006.", "Old Man's War __knowledge__ \"Old Man's War\" is the first novel in Scalzi's \"Old Man's War\" series.", "Old Man's War __knowledge__ A sequel, \"The Ghost Brigades\", was published in 2006, followed by two other books, \"The Last Colony\" (2007) and \"Zoe's Tale\" (2008).", "Old Man's War __knowledge__ Another book in the series, \"The Human Division\", was published as a serial and then collected in a novel (2013).", "Old Man's War __knowledge__ The next book in the series, \"The End of All Things\", was published in June 2015 as four novellas.", "Old Man's War __knowledge__ It was optioned by Paramount Pictures in 2011.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ The Fermi paradox or Fermi's paradox, named after physicist Enrico Fermi, is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence and high probability estimates for the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ The basic points of the argument, made by physicists Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) and Michael H. Hart (born 1932), are: According to this line of reasoning, the Earth should have already been visited by extraterrestrial aliens.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ In an informal conversation, Fermi noted no convincing evidence of this, leading him to ask, \"Where is everybody?\"", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ There have been many attempts to explain the Fermi paradox, primarily either suggesting that intelligent extraterrestrial life is extremely rare or proposing reasons that such civilizations have not contacted or visited Earth.", "ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center __knowledge__ The ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center (also called ABS-CBN Broadcast Center; formerly known as Broadcast Plaza from 1974 to 1979) in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines is the oldest headquarters of ABS-CBN.", "ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center __knowledge__ It occupies an area of approximately 34,000 square meters adjacent to ELJ Communications Center.", "ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center __knowledge__ It was originally built in 1968 and was then the most advanced broadcast facility in Asia.", "ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center __knowledge__ Today it is now the country's largest and most technologically advanced media facility.", "ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center __knowledge__ Built as the headquarters of ABS-CBN, the center has since seen several management changes, such as a takeover by RPN and sister stations IBC and BBC in 1973, the addition of a fourth tenant, the government station GTV (now PTV) in 1974, and then the departure of RPN, IBC, and BBC in 1979 and the entry of NMPC and BB in 1980 which accompanied the remaining tenant MBS." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ It consists of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The President of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and forms military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), both federal executive departments, acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ All five armed services are among the seven uniformed services of the United States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ From the time of its inception, the U.S. Armed Forces played a decisive role in the history of the United States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ Even so, the founders of the United States were suspicious of a permanent military force.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ It played a critical role in the American Civil War, continuing to serve as the armed forces of the United States, although a number of its officers resigned to join the military of the Confederate States.", "United States Armed Forces __knowledge__ The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework.", "Weber problem __knowledge__ In geometry, the Weber problem, named after Alfred Weber, is one of the most famous problems in location theory.", "Weber problem __knowledge__ It requires finding a point in the plane that minimizes the sum of the transportation costs from this point to \"n\" destination points, where different destination points are associated with different costs per unit distance.", "Weber problem __knowledge__ The Weber problem generalizes the geometric median, which assumes transportation costs per unit distance are the same for all destination points, and the problem of computing the Fermat point, the geometric median of three points.", "Weber problem __knowledge__ For this reason it is sometimes called the Fermat–Weber problem, although the same name has also been used for the unweighted geometric median problem.", "Fermat point __knowledge__ In geometry, the Fermat point of a triangle, also called the Torricelli point or Fermat–Torricelli point, is a point such that the total distance from the three vertices of the triangle to the point is the minimum possible.", "Fermat point __knowledge__ It is so named because this problem is first raised by Fermat in a private letter to Evangelista Torricelli, who solved it.", "Fermat point __knowledge__ The Fermat point gives a solution to the geometric median and Steiner tree problems for three points.", "Fermat point __knowledge__ The Fermat point of a triangle with largest angle at most 120° is simply its first isogonic center or X(13), which is constructed as follows: An alternate method is the following: When a triangle has an angle greater than 120°, the Fermat point is sited at the obtuse-angled vertex.", "Homothetic center __knowledge__ In geometry, a homothetic center (also called a center of similarity or a center of similitude) is a point from which at least two geometrically similar figures can be seen as a dilation or contraction of one another.", "Homothetic center __knowledge__ If the center is \"external\", the two figures are directly similar to one another; their angles have the same rotational sense.", "Homothetic center __knowledge__ If the center is \"internal\", the two figures are scaled mirror images of one another; their angles have the opposite sense.", "Homothetic center __knowledge__ If two geometric figures possess a homothetic center, they are similar to one another; in other words, they must have the same angles at corresponding points and differ only in their relative scaling.", "Question Mark (aircraft) __knowledge__ Question Mark (\"\"?\"\")", "Question Mark (aircraft) __knowledge__ was a modified Atlantic-Fokker C-2A transport airplane of the United States Army Air Corps.", "Question Mark (aircraft) __knowledge__ In 1929, commanded by Major Carl A. Spaatz, it was flown for a flight endurance record as part of an experiment with aerial refueling.", "Question Mark (aircraft) __knowledge__ \"Question Mark\" established new world records in aviation for sustained flight (heavier-than-air), refueled flight, sustained flight (lighter-than-air), and distance between January 1 and January 7, 1929, in a non-stop flight of more than 150 hours near Los Angeles, California.", "Question Mark (aircraft) __knowledge__ Following the record-setting demonstration, the C-2A was returned to transport duties.", "Thales's theorem __knowledge__ In geometry, Thales's theorem states that if A, B, and C are distinct points on a circle where the line is a diameter, then the angle ∠ABC is a right angle.", "Thales's theorem __knowledge__ Thales's theorem is a special case of the inscribed angle theorem, and is mentioned and proved as part of the 31st proposition, in the third book of Euclid's Elements.", "Thales's theorem __knowledge__ It is generally attributed to Thales of Miletus, who is said to have offered an ox (probably to the god Apollo) as a sacrifice of thanksgiving for the discovery, but sometimes it is attributed to Pythagoras.", "Thales's theorem __knowledge__ There is nothing extant of the writing of Thales; work done in ancient Greece tended to be attributed to men of wisdom without respect to all the individuals involved in any particular intellectual constructions — this is true of Pythagoras especially.", "Aerial refueling __knowledge__ Aerial refueling, also referred to as air refueling, in-flight refueling (IFR), air-to-air refueling (AAR), and tanking, is the process of transferring aviation fuel from one military aircraft (the tanker) to another (the receiver) during flight.", "Aerial refueling __knowledge__ The two main refueling systems are probe-and-drogue, which is simpler to adapt to existing aircraft, and the flying boom, which offers faster fuel transfer, but requires a dedicated boom operator station.", "Aerial refueling __knowledge__ The procedure allows the receiving aircraft to remain airborne longer, extending its range or loiter time on station.", "Aerial refueling __knowledge__ A series of air refuelings can give range limited only by crew fatigue and engineering factors such as engine oil consumption.", "Exterior angle theorem __knowledge__ The exterior angle theorem is Proposition 1.16 in Euclid's Elements, which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than either of the measures of the remote interior angles.", "Exterior angle theorem __knowledge__ This is a fundamental result in absolute geometry because its proof does not depend upon the parallel postulate.", "Exterior angle theorem __knowledge__ In several high school treatments of geometry, the term \"exterior angle theorom\" has been applied to a different result, namely the portion of Proposition 1.32 which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the remote interior angles.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability engineering is a sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes dependability in the lifecycle management of a product.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Dependability, or reliability, describes the ability of a system or component to function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability is closely related to availability, which is typically described as the ability of a component or system to function at a specified moment or interval of time.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability is theoretically defined as the probability of success formula_1 as the frequency of failures; or in terms of availability, as a probability derived from reliability, testability and maintainability.", "Failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system __knowledge__ A failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system (FRACAS) is a system, sometimes carried out using software, that provides a process for reporting, classifying, analyzing failures, and planning corrective actions in response to those failures.", "Failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system __knowledge__ It is typically used in an industrial environment to collect data, record and analyze system failures.", "Failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system __knowledge__ A FRACAS system may attempt to manage multiple failure reports and produces a history of failure and corrective actions.", "Failure reporting, analysis, and corrective action system __knowledge__ FRACAS records the problems related to a product or process and their associated root causes and failure analyses to assist in identifying and implementing corrective actions.", "York City School District __knowledge__ The School District of the City of York is a large, urban, public school district serving the City of York, Pennsylvania in York County, Pennsylvania.", "York City School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses approximately .", "York City School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 40,968.", "York City School District __knowledge__ In 2010, the District's population rose to 43,769 people.", "York City School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District of the City of York population (25 years old and over) were 73.2% high school graduates and 9.6% college graduates.", "York City School District __knowledge__ In 2009, the District residents’ per capita income was $13,433, while the median family income was $30,712.", "Harrisburg School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ The Harrisburg School District is a large, urban, public school district based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.", "Harrisburg School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ The school district boundaries are coterminous with the city of Harrisburg.", "Harrisburg School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ The Harrisburg City School District encompasses approximately .", "Harrisburg School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 48,950.", "Harrisburg School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 49,550 people.", "Harrisburg School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ Harrisburg public schools provide education for the city's youth, beginning with preschool through twelfth grade.", "Harrisburg School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ According to district officials, in school year 2007-08 the Harrisburg City School District provided basic educational services to 8,391 pupils through the employment of 723 teachers, 209 full-time and part-time support personnel and 60 administrators.", "Chester Upland School District __knowledge__ The Chester Upland School District is a midsized, urban public school district serving the City of Chester, the Borough of Upland and Chester Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.", "Chester Upland School District __knowledge__ The Chester-Upland School District, headquartered on the first floor of Chester High School, encompasses approximately .", "Chester Upland School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 44,435.", "Chester Upland School District __knowledge__ In 2009, the District residents' per capita income was $13,521, while the median family income was $30,900.", "Chester Upland School District __knowledge__ In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.", "Control (management) __knowledge__ Control, or controlling, is one of the managerial functions like \"planning\", \"organizing\", \"staffing\" and \"directing\".", "Control (management) __knowledge__ It is an important function because it helps to check the errors and to take the corrective action so that deviation from standards are minimized and stated goals of the organization are achieved in a desired manner.", "Control (management) __knowledge__ According to modern concepts, control is a foreseeing action whereas earlier concept of control was used only when errors were detected.", "Control (management) __knowledge__ Control in management means setting standards, measuring actual performance and taking corrective action.", "Control (management) __knowledge__ In 1916, Henri Fayol formulated one of the first definitions of control as it pertains to management: \"Control of an undertaking consists of seeing that everything is being carried out in accordance with the plan which has been adopted, the orders which have been given, and the principles which have been laid down.", "Pocono Mountain School District __knowledge__ Pocono Mountain School District (PMSD for short) is a large, rural public school district located in Monroe County, in northeastern Pennsylvania, United States.", "Pocono Mountain School District __knowledge__ It encompasses approximately .", "Pocono Mountain School District __knowledge__ The district is divided into two parts: Pocono Mountain East and Pocono Mountain West.", "Pocono Mountain School District __knowledge__ The Pocono Mountain East attendance area includes: Jackson Township, Pocono Township, Paradise Township, Barrett Township and Mount Pocono Borough.", "Pocono Mountain School District __knowledge__ It also includes a small area east of Route 380 that is Coolbaugh Township.", "Pocono Mountain School District __knowledge__ Pocono Mountain West attendance area includes: Tobyhanna Township, Tunkhannock Township and most of Coolbaugh Township." ] ]

[ 1, 65, 37, 31 ]

[ "The Air Force of the United States? ", "Yes, I'm sure it is! Do you like it? It's the biggest and most technologically advanced in the world!", "Fracas? like the failure reporting, analysis and corrective action system?", "Oh I see! Do you refuel planes in the air? Aerial refueling, I believe it is called?" ]

[ "United States Armed Forces", "United States Armed Forces", "United States Armed Forces", "United States Armed Forces" ]

[ "Surfing", "Yeah? I've done a little bit, but I'd love to learn more. Where do you surf? ", "Yeah, it sounds fun. I've surfed in Costa Rica. Where have you gone?", "Wow, do you compete in competitions or something like that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ The songwriting of American musician Brian Wilson, co-founder and multi-tasking leader of the Beach Boys, is widely considered to be among the most innovative and significant of the late 20th century.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ His combined arranging, producing, and songwriting skills also made him a major innovator in the field of music production.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ In a 1966 article that asks \"Do the Beach Boys rely too much on sound genius Brian?\"", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ brother and bandmate Carl Wilson said that every member of the group contributes ideas, that Brian was most responsible for their music.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ Dennis Wilson said: \"Brian Wilson \"is\" the Beach Boys.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ \"A Little Bit\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Jessica Simpson.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ It was written by Kara DioGuardi, Steve Morales and David Siegel, and was produced by Morales along with Ric Wake.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ The song was released as the second and final single from Simpson's second studio album \"Irresistible\" (2001), on October 29, 2001 through Columbia Records.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ Musically, the song is a mid-tempo dance-pop song and the lyrics speak about the protagonist wanting changes in a relationship she is in.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics; most of them appreciated the song's production.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ It failed to chart in the United States, but reached number sixty-two on Australian Singles Chart.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Smile (sometimes stylized as SMiLE) was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album, \"Pet Sounds\" (1966).", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ After bandleader Brian Wilson abandoned large portions of music recorded over a ten-month period, the band substituted its release with \"Smiley Smile\" (1967), an album containing stripped-down remakes of some \"Smile\" material.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Some of the original \"Smile\" tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys' studio and compilation albums.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ As more fans learned of the project's origins, details of its recordings acquired considerable mystique, and it was later acknowledged as the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ A surf ski is a long, narrow, lightweight kayak with an open (sit-on-top) cockpit, usually with a foot pedal controlled rudder.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ There are two types of surf skis, the spec ski and the ocean ski.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The spec ski is the traditional craft used by surf life saving clubs and must adhere to strict size and weight.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski on the other hand is typically a longer craft with a deeper cockpit.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The Spec ski is designed tougher and with more rocker to manoeuvre in and out of the wave zone.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski is made for long-distance ocean paddling and is usually raced downwind with the swells.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ Typically 5.0-6.0 metres(16½-21 ft) long and only 40–50 cm (16-20\") wide, surf skis are extremely fast when paddled on flat water (only an Olympic K1 or K2 kayak is faster) and the fastest paddled craft available over a long distance on ocean swells.", "Surf music __knowledge__ Surf music is a subgenre of rock music associated with surf culture, particularly as found in Southern California.", "Surf music __knowledge__ It was especially popular from 1962 to 1964 in two major forms.", "Surf music __knowledge__ The first is instrumental surf, distinguished by reverb-drenched electric guitars played to evoke the sound of crashing waves, largely pioneered by Dick Dale and the Del-Tones.", "Surf music __knowledge__ The second is vocal surf, which took the original surf sound and added vocal harmonies backed by basic Chuck Berry rhythms, a movement led by the Beach Boys.", "Surf music __knowledge__ Dick Dale developed the surf sound from instrumental rock, where he added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, a spring reverb, and the rapid alternate picking characteristics.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ Piha Surf Life Saving Club (sometimes called Piha Lifeguard Service) is a surf lifesaving club for the southern section of Piha, on the west coast of Auckland, New Zealand, some 45 km from Auckland City centre.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ The patrol is featured on the TVNZ reality show \"Piha Rescue\", and is ordinarily broadcast Mondays at 7:30 PM on the channel TVNZ 1 when a season is running.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ The club is the best-known of 17 surf lifesaving clubs in the Northern Region of New Zealand, and possibly one of the best-known surf lifesaving clubs in the entire country.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ Its high-profile is partly being due to its participation in the television series and partly through its location on one of the country's most-popular surfing beaches.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Costa Rica __knowledge__ Costa Rica (; ; \"Rich Coast\"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island.", "Costa Rica __knowledge__ It has a population of around /1e6 round 1 million, in a land area of 51,060 square kilometers (19,714 square miles); over 300,000 live in the capital and largest city, San José, which had a population of an estimated 333,980 in 2015.", "Costa Rica __knowledge__ Costa Rica has been known for its stable democracy in a region that has had some instability and for its highly educated workforce, most of whom speak English.", "Immigration to Costa Rica __knowledge__ As of the 2011 census, Immigrants to Costa Rica totaled about 390,000 individuals, or about 9% of the country's population.", "Immigration to Costa Rica __knowledge__ After a considerable drop from 1950 through 1980, immigration to Costa Rica has increased in recent decades.", "Immigration to Costa Rica __knowledge__ The ethnic composition of Costa Rica consists mostly of Europeans, with a large population of Mestizos and, to a lesser extent, of blacks and indigenous people.", "Immigration to Costa Rica __knowledge__ Immigration to Costa Rica has caused some problems.", "Immigration to Costa Rica __knowledge__ Although most people enter the country to seek better employment opportunities, some immigrants have been involved in criminal activities.", "Immigration to Costa Rica __knowledge__ The government of Costa Rica has tried to stop the illegal immigration of Nicaraguans and to deport those already living in Costa Rica.", "Costa Rica national football team __knowledge__ The Costa Rica national football team () is administered by the Costa Rican Football Federation (FEDEFUTBOL), the governing body for football in Costa Rica.", "Costa Rica national football team __knowledge__ They have been a member of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) since 1927, a member of the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) since 1961 and a member of the \"Unión Centroamericana de Fútbol (UNCAF)\" since 1990.", "Costa Rica national football team __knowledge__ Costa Rica is the most successful national football team in the history of Central America.", "Costa Rica national football team __knowledge__ They have won three CONCACAF Championships (1963, 1969 and 1989) and a leading with eight championships in the Copa Centroamericana and its predecessor.", "Renewable energy in Costa Rica __knowledge__ Renewable energy in Costa Rica supplied about 98.1 percent of its electrical energy in 2016.", "Renewable energy in Costa Rica __knowledge__ In 2014, 99% of its electrical energy was derived from renewable energy sources, about 80 percent of which from hydroelectric power.", "Renewable energy in Costa Rica __knowledge__ For the first 75 days of 2015, 100 percent of its electrical energy was derived from renewable energy sources and in mid 2016 that feat was accomplished for 110 consecutive days despite suboptimal weather conditions.", "Renewable energy in Costa Rica __knowledge__ As a country, Costa Rica has a geographic advantage over others in that its high concentration per capita of rivers, dams, and volcanoes allow for a high renewable energy output.", "Wildlife of Costa Rica __knowledge__ The Wildlife of Costa Rica comprises all naturally occurring animals, fungi and plants that reside in this Central American country.", "Wildlife of Costa Rica __knowledge__ Costa Rica supports an enormous variety of wildlife, due in large part to its geographic position between the North and South American continents, its neotropical climate, and its wide variety of habitats.", "Wildlife of Costa Rica __knowledge__ Costa Rica is home to more than 500,000 species, which represents nearly 4% of the total species estimated worldwide, making Costa Rica one of the 20 countries with the highest biodiversity in the world.", "Wildlife of Costa Rica __knowledge__ Of these 500,000 species, a little more than 300,000 are insects.", "El Salvador national football team __knowledge__ El Salvador's national football team (\"Selección de Fútbol de El Salvador\" in Spanish) represents El Salvador in international football and is controlled by the Salvadoran Football Federation (FESFUT).", "El Salvador national football team __knowledge__ In 1899, two teams from Santa Ana and San Salvador met for the first known football game in El Salvador.", "El Salvador national football team __knowledge__ The national team's first match was played in September 1921, when they were invited to participate in a tournament to celebrate 100 years of Central American Independence.", "El Salvador national football team __knowledge__ El Salvador has made two FIFA World Cup appearances: first in 1970 and again in 1982, but have never progressed beyond the first stage of a finals tournament.", "Water resources management in Costa Rica __knowledge__ Costa Rica is divided into three major drainage basins encompassing 34 watersheds with numerous rivers and tributaries, one major lake used for hydroelectric generation, and two major aquifers that serve to store 90% of the municipal, industrial, and agricultural water supply needs of Costa Rica.", "Water resources management in Costa Rica __knowledge__ Agriculture is the largest water user demanding around 53% of total supplies while the sector contributes 6.5% to the Costa Rica GDP.", "Water resources management in Costa Rica __knowledge__ About a fifth of land under cultivation is being irrigated by surface water.", "Water resources management in Costa Rica __knowledge__ Hydroelectric power generation makes up a significant portion of electricity usage in Costa Rica and much of this comes from the Arenal dam.", "Wave Rider __knowledge__ Wave Rider was a quarterly surfing magazine of the 1970s published out of Cocoa Beach, Florida.", "Wave Rider __knowledge__ Founded by Gunnar and John Griffin, it was launched in 1975 and ceased publication in 1982.", "Wave Rider __knowledge__ Staff photographers included Rob Battipaglia, Joaquin Garcia and Larry Marshall and also Sal Catania who was Photo Editor and staff photographer for a short period of time.", "Wave Rider __knowledge__ Reggie Hodgson was the art director in the late-1970s.", "Wave Rider __knowledge__ \"Wave Rider\" not only covered the international surfing scene but offered more inclusive coverage of the East Coast of the United States.", "Wave Rider __knowledge__ In 1976 the Griffin brothers launched a sister publication called \"Skate Rider\" as skateboarding became more popular and a demand for more complete coverage was not being met by others.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Big wave surfing is a discipline within surfing in which experienced surfers paddle into or are towed onto waves which are at least 20 feet (6.2 m) high, on surf boards known as \"guns\" or towboards.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Sizes of the board needed to successfully surf these waves vary by the size of the wave as well as the technique the surfer uses to reach the wave.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ A larger, longer board allows a rider to paddle fast enough to catch the wave and has the advantage of being more stable, but it also limits maneuverability and surfing speed.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ The current world No.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ 1 big wave rider is Makua Rothman.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ In 1992, big wave surfers such as Laird Hamilton and Darrick Doerner introduced a cross over sport called tow-in surfing.", "List of Kamen Rider Fourze characters __knowledge__ The main setting of the series is the fictional , the school where the main characters attend along with many unique characters.", "List of Kamen Rider Fourze characters __knowledge__ The is a club that Gentaro Kisaragi forms to gain new friends at Amanogawa High School, named after Fourze's predecessors: the various Kamen Riders.", "List of Kamen Rider Fourze characters __knowledge__ The club's members assist Kamen Rider Fourze in his battles against the Zodiarts.", "List of Kamen Rider Fourze characters __knowledge__ In addition, they investigate the urban legends that surround the existence of the past Kamen Riders.", "List of Kamen Rider Fourze characters __knowledge__ The Kamen Rider Club's headquarters are the remains of the lunar base owned by the which developed the Kamen Rider Fourze technology and the Zodiarts Switches.", "Greg Long (surfer) __knowledge__ Greg Long (born 1984) is an American surfer from San Clemente, California.", "Greg Long (surfer) __knowledge__ He is the only surfer to win the Quiksilver Big Wave Invitational, the Mavericks Surf Contest, and the \"Red Bull\" Big Wave Africa event.", "Greg Long (surfer) __knowledge__ Additionally, he is the most decorated surfer in the Billabong XXL Global Big Wave Awards.", "Greg Long (surfer) __knowledge__ He is widely regarded as one of the best big wave surfers in the world.", "Greg Long (surfer) __knowledge__ Born and raised in San Clemente, Greg and his brother Rusty Long were introduced to the ocean at an early age by their father, who was a lifeguard.", "Greg Long (surfer) __knowledge__ At the age of 16, Greg moved to San Diego where he lived with his older cousin David Long who surfed with Greg and helped progress his skills.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ is one of many dance teams in Zawame, identified by their Happi-themed modern outfits and logo.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ is an earnest and cheerful young adult who is naïve, wanting to help others but ends up sometimes causing trouble than good due to his short-sightedness.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ He is originally the second-in-command of Team Gaim before eventually quitting the team to take odd jobs to help out his older sister Akira since their parents have died.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ But things change when Kouta is called by Team Gaim's leader Yuya Sumii, who wants to show him something to help their team out.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ This leads Kouta to search for Yuya in what he later learns to be Helheim Forest, finding a that his friend bought from the mysterious Lockseed Dealer Sid and an Inves that he managed to destroy.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ The characters of \"\" are very varied.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ They include the inhabitants of the Earth, the monstrous inhabitants of the alternate dimension Ventara, and the Kamen Riders who can exist in both.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ Created by the \"Advent Master\" Eubulon, the original 12 Kamen Riders were the chosen defenders of the \"mirror world\" known as Ventara.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ With the exception of Wing Knight (and later Siren), they were all implied to have been vented in battle with Xaviax when one of their own (the original Dragon Knight, Adam) betrayed them and their Advent Decks were stolen.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ Since the Decks were designed to work with only one person, each Deck only functions again when given to humans on Earth that are \"mirror twins\" of their Ventaran counterparts, with matching DNA or when Eubulon reassigns the deck." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ The National Capital Area Council (NCAC) is a local council of the Boy Scouts of America within the Northeast Region that serves Washington, D.C., Maryland, Virginia, and the United States Virgin Islands.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ The council offers extensive training, and administrative support to units.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ It is rated as a \"Class 100\" council by the National Council (headquarters office), which denotes that the NCAC is among the very largest in the country.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ Chartered in 1911, it is also one of the oldest.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ The council is divided into 22 districts serving ten counties in Northern Virginia, six counties in Maryland, the District of Columbia, the US Virgin Islands, and BSA units throughout North and South America.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing is a low-key movement started by longtime surfer, Peter Cuming, in 1995 with surf elders Rob Conneelly, Nat Young and surf artist Roscoe Kermode.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing was established as an initiative to promote the traditions of free surfing, respect for the ocean, the land and indigenous and local cultures wherever surfers are and travel, fostering community spirit and an harmonious relationship with the natural environment.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ These key messages are shared and encouraged in the water amongst surfers and through other opportunities such as festivals, forums, gatherings and local surfing communities.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Laird Hamilton (born March 2, 1964) is an American big-wave surfer, co-inventor of tow-in surfing, and an occasional fashion and action-sports model.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ He is married to Gabrielle Reece, a professional volleyball player, television personality, and model.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Hamilton and his family split their time between residences in Maui, Hawaii, and Malibu, California.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Laird was born Laird John Zerfas in San Francisco on March 2, 1964, in an experimental salt-water sphere at UCSF Medical Center designed to ease the mother's labor.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ His father, L. G. Zerfas, left the family before his first birthday.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ While he was an infant, Laird and his mother, Joann (née Zyirek), moved to Hawaii.", "Surfing in Indonesia __knowledge__ With more than 13,000 islands and warm water all year, Indonesia is considered an idyllic destination for surfing.", "Surfing in Indonesia __knowledge__ The first surfer in Indonesia was the American Bob Koke who surfed the waves at Kuta Beach, Bali in the mid to late 1930s.", "Surfing in Indonesia __knowledge__ Due to World War II, Koke left Bali and surfing did not catch on again until the late 1960s and early 1970s when traveling surfers began discovering surf spots off Bali, made especially famous (although they were not named) in the classic surfing film \"Morning of the Earth\" by Albert Falzon.", "Surfing in Indonesia __knowledge__ Later Bali would become a stepping-stone for other Indonesian wave discoveries such as Nias, G-Land, and the Mentawai Islands.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddle boarding (SUP) is an offshoot of surfing that originated in Hawaii.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Unlike traditional surfing where the rider sits until a wave comes, stand up paddle boarders stand on their boards and use a paddle to propel themselves through the water.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ The sport was documented in a 2013 report that identified it as the outdoor sporting activity with the most first-time participants in the United States that year.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Variations include flat water paddling for outdoor recreation, fitness, or sightseeing, racing on lakes, large rivers and canals, surfing on ocean waves, paddling in river rapids (whitewater SUP), Paddle board yoga and even fishing." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 6, 8 ]

[ "I love to surf.", "I love being a wave rider.", "I have done stand-up surfing over the entire world.", "No, just for fun. I also do knee boarding." ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Travel", "I love to travel. Road trips by car are some of my favorite!", "Hmm...I wonder why they would think travel would be work? Most would think it's relaxing and fun!", "LOL..yes that probably would have been work actually. Not so relaxing I guess." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "Road trip __knowledge__ A road trip is a long distance journey on the road.", "Road trip __knowledge__ Typically, road trips are long distances traveled by automobile.", "Road trip __knowledge__ The world's first recorded long distance road trip by automobile took place in Germany in August 1888 when Bertha Benz, the wife of Karl Benz, the inventor of the first patented motor car (the \"Benz Patent-Motorwagen\"), travelled from Mannheim to Pforzheim (a distance of ) in the third experimental Benz motor car (which had a maximum speed of ) and back, with her two teenage sons Richard and Eugen, but without the consent and knowledge of her husband.", "Road trip __knowledge__ Her official reason was that she wanted to visit her mother but unofficially she intended to generate publicity for her husband's invention (which had only been used on short test drives before), which succeeded as the automobile took off greatly afterwards and the Benz's family business eventually evolved into the present day Mercedes-Benz company.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 2 __knowledge__ Road Trips Volume 4 Number 2 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 2 __knowledge__ The 14th of the \"Road Trips\" series of archival releases, it was recorded on March 31 and April 1, 1988, at the Brendan Byrne Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 2 __knowledge__ It was released as a three disc CD on February 1, 2011.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 2 __knowledge__ \"Road Trips Volume 4 Number 2\", subtitled \"April Fools' '88\", includes the complete April 1 concert, along with the second set, encore, and two songs from the first set of the March 31 concert.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 2 __knowledge__ It was only the second live Dead album that was recorded in 1988; the first was \"Grateful Dead Download Series Volume 5\".", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 __knowledge__ Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 __knowledge__ Subtitled \"Boston Music Hall 6–9–76\", it includes the complete concert recorded on June 9, 1976, at the Boston Music Hall in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 __knowledge__ It also includes six songs recorded on June 12, 1976 at the same venue.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 __knowledge__ The 17th of the \"Road Trips\" series of archival albums, it was released as a three-disc CD on November 1, 2011.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 __knowledge__ This album was the last in the \"Road Trips\" series.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 __knowledge__ A new archival release program, entitled \"Dave's Picks\", began in 2012.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 __knowledge__ In All About Jazz, Doug Collette wrote, \"Set to be supplanted in 2012 by a new sequence of concert recordings dubbed \"Dave's Picks\" (overseen by chief archivist David Lemieux), The Grateful Dead's \"Road Trips\" archive series ends in stellar fashion with a complete show (plus), capturing the iconic band at one of the highest performing plateaus of its career in one of its favorite cities.", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 4 __knowledge__ Road Trips Volume 3 Number 4 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 4 __knowledge__ The 12th of the \"Road Trips\" series of archival releases, it was recorded on May 6, 1980, at Recreation Hall, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, and on May 7, 1980, at Barton Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 4 __knowledge__ It was released on September 7, 2010.", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 4 __knowledge__ \"Road Trips Volume 3 Number 4\" was the second \"Road Trips\" album, after \"Volume 3 Number 3\", to contain three CDs; each of the previous entries in the series had contained two CDs.", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 4 __knowledge__ It was the first \"Road Trips\" to be released without a bonus disc.", "Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4 __knowledge__ Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4 is a two-CD live album by the American rock band the Grateful Dead.", "Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4 __knowledge__ The fourth in their \"Road Trips\" series of albums, it was released on September 30, 2008.", "Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4 __knowledge__ It was recorded at the Winterland Arena in San Francisco, California, on October 21 and 22, 1978.", "Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4 __knowledge__ A third, \"bonus\" disc was included with early shipments of the album.", "Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4 __knowledge__ The bonus disc contains songs recorded live at Winterland on October 17 and 21, 1978.", "Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4 __knowledge__ \"Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4\" is subtitled From Egypt with Love.", "Road Trips Volume 1 Number 4 __knowledge__ The Winterland concerts of October 17, 18, 20, 21, and 22, 1978, were the first shows played by the Dead after their concerts near the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt a month earlier.", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 3 __knowledge__ Road Trips Volume 3 Number 3 is a live album by the American rock band the Grateful Dead.", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 3 __knowledge__ Recorded on May 15, 1970, and released on June 14, 2010, it was the 11th of the \"Road Trips\" series of albums, and the first to contain three discs instead of two.", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 3 __knowledge__ \"Road Trips Volume 3 Number 3\" was billed as a 40th anniversary celebration of the album \"Workingman's Dead\".", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 3 __knowledge__ It includes several versions, some acoustic and some electric, of seven of the eight songs that appear on that album, omitting only \"High Time\".", "Road Trips Volume 3 Number 3 __knowledge__ The album contains material from two concerts — the early show and the late show — performed on May 15, 1970, at the Fillmore East in New York City.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 1 __knowledge__ Road Trips Volume 4 Number 1 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 1 __knowledge__ The 13th of the \"Road Trips\" series of archival releases, it contains two complete performances by the band, recorded on May 23 and 24, 1969.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 1 __knowledge__ It was released as a three-disc CD on November 16, 2010.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 1 __knowledge__ \"Road Trips Volume 4 Number 1\" is subtitled \"Big Rock Pow-Wow '69\".", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 1 __knowledge__ It was recorded at a rock festival called the Big Rock Pow-Wow, which took place on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, May 23, 24, and 25, 1969, at the Hollywood Seminole Indian Reservation in West Hollywood, Florida.", "Road Trips Volume 4 Number 1 __knowledge__ Other artists who performed at the festival included Johnny Winter, Sweetwater, Joe South, Aum, NRBQ, Rhinoceros, Muddy Waters, and the Youngbloods.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics is the science of the motion of bicycles and motorcycles and their components, due to the forces acting on them.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Dynamics falls under a branch of physics known as classical mechanics.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bike motions of interest include balancing, steering, braking, accelerating, suspension activation, and vibration.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ The study of these motions began in the late 19th century and continues today.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bicycles and motorcycles are both single-track vehicles and so their motions have many fundamental attributes in common and are fundamentally different from and more difficult to study than other wheeled vehicles such as dicycles, tricycles, and quadracycles.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ Guy Martin (born 4 November 1981) is a British lorry-mechanic better known publicly as a motorcycle racer and a television personality.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ Martin started racing in 1998, debuting on road circuits at the Isle of Man TT events in 2004, where he gained 15 podium finishes.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ He has broken his back twice in racing accidents, in the 2010 TT and the 2015 Ulster Grand Prix.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ Following the Ulster Grand Prix accident, Martin stated that he had retired from motorcycle racing although he never disclosed the decision publicly.", "Guy Martin __knowledge__ However following numerous approaches by Honda Racing team manager Neil Tuxworth, Martin confirmed in January 2017 that he had signed for Lincolnshire-based Honda Racing as partner to 23-times TT winner John McGuinness for the North West 200, Isle of Man TT and Southern 100 races.", "Caltrain __knowledge__ Caltrain is a California commuter rail line on the San Francisco Peninsula and in the Santa Clara Valley (Silicon Valley).", "Caltrain __knowledge__ The northern terminus of the line is in San Francisco at 4th and King streets; its southern terminus is in Gilroy.", "Caltrain __knowledge__ Trains leave San Francisco and San Jose hourly during middays, and every 90 minutes during weekends, with limited stop service during rush hour running every 20 minutes, and \"Baby Bullet\" express service running every 30 minutes.", "Caltrain __knowledge__ Extra trains are often run for special events held in AT&T Park in San Francisco, Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, and SAP Center in San Jose.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ This is a list of bicycle-sharing systems.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ As of December 2016, roughly 1000 cities worldwide have a bike-sharing program.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ Advertising company JCDecaux launched its \"\"Cyclocity\"\" programs initially in Lyon, France, and Paris.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ The company also started programs in other cities in Europe such as Córdoba, Vienna and Kazan, as well as cities outside of Europe, such as Brisbane, Australia.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ Payment for using the bikes is done with smart cards.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ With sponsorship from first Barclays and later Santander, Transport for London launched a Cycle Hire scheme in London, where hire under 30 minutes is free from special bicycle stands across the city, after a daily, monthly or annual charge has been paid.", "Parks in Windsor, Ontario __knowledge__ Windsor's Department of Parks and Recreation maintains of green space, 180 parks, of trails, of sidewalk, 60 parking lots, vacant lands, natural areas and forest cover within the City of Windsor, as well as the Bike Trails, Bike Lanes, and Bike-Friendly Streets.", "Parks in Windsor, Ontario __knowledge__ There are 43 individual reserves in Windsor larger than in size.", "Parks in Windsor, Ontario __knowledge__ Seven of these reserves are larger than : Little River Corridor, Malden Park, the Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve, Ojibway Park, Spring Garden Prairie, the Roseland Golf and Curling Club and Black Oak Park.", "Parks in Windsor, Ontario __knowledge__ Eighteen reserves are larger than 25 and smaller than , including Mic Mac Park, Little River Golf Club, Peche Island, Wilson Park, and the Ford Test Track.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ A bicycle-sharing system, public bicycle system, or bike-share scheme, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short term basis for a price.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ Bike share schemes allow people to borrow a bike from point A and return it at point B.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ Many bike-share systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive, encouraging use as transportation.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ This allows each bike to serve several users per day.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ In most bike-share cities, casual riding over several hours or days is better served by bicycle rental than by bike-share.", "Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority __knowledge__ The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (abbreviated MBTA and known colloquially as The T) is the public agency responsible for operating most public transportation services in Greater Boston, Massachusetts.", "Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority __knowledge__ Earlier modes of public transportation in Boston were independently owned and operated; many were first folded into a single agency with the formation of the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) in 1947.", "Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority __knowledge__ The MTA was replaced in 1964 with the present-day MBTA, which was established as an individual department within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts before becoming a division of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) in 2009." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ Hatch Mott MacDonald (HMM) is a consulting engineering firm serving public and private clients in North America.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM’s capabilities include planning, project development, studies and analysis, design, procurement, and construction engineering and inspection.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM also provides project, program and construction management as well as facility maintenance and operations.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ Hatch Mott MacDonald was founded in 1996 by its parent companies, Hatch Ltd and Mott MacDonald.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM was intended to take advantage of engineering opportunities in North America.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM originally provided the bulk of its services in transportation, including the design of tunnels, rail systems, bridges, highways, and airport infrastructure.", "Speech recognition __knowledge__ Speech recognition is the inter-disciplinary sub-field of computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers.", "Speech recognition __knowledge__ It is also known as \"automatic speech recognition\" (ASR), \"computer speech recognition\", or just \"speech to text\" (STT).", "Speech recognition __knowledge__ It incorporates knowledge and research in the linguistics, computer science, and electrical engineering fields.", "Speech recognition __knowledge__ Some speech recognition systems require \"training\" (also called \"enrollment\") where an individual speaker reads text or isolated vocabulary into the system.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov process with unobserved (i.e.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ \"hidden\") states.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ The hidden Markov model can be represented as the simplest dynamic Bayesian network.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ The mathematics behind the HMM were developed by L. E. Baum and coworkers.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ In simpler Markov models (like a Markov chain), the state is directly visible to the observer, and therefore the state transition probabilities are the only parameters, while in the hidden Markov model, the state is not directly visible, but the output, dependent on the state, is visible.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tilt Rotor Squadron 165 (VMM-165) is a United States Marine Corps Tilt-rotor squadron consisting of MV-22B Osprey transport aircraft.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"White Knights\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California and fall under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 16 (MAG-16) and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW).", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Provide assault support transport of combat troops, supplies and equipment during expeditionary, joint or combined operations.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Be prepared for short-notice, worldwide employment in support of Marine Air-Ground Task Force operations.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 165 was activated on July 1, 1965 at Marine Corps Air Station Santa Ana, California as part of Marine Aircraft Group 36, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing.", "Da Nang Air Base __knowledge__ Da Nang Air Base () (1930s–1975) (also known as Da Nang Airfield, Tourane Airfield or Tourane Air Base) was a French Air Force and later Republic of Vietnam Air Force (VNAF) facility.", "Da Nang Air Base __knowledge__ It is located in the city of Da Nang in southern Vietnam.", "Da Nang Air Base __knowledge__ During the Vietnam War (1959–1975), it was a major base with United States Army, United States Air Force (USAF), and United States Marine Corps (USMC) units stationed there.", "Da Nang Air Base __knowledge__ Air Vietnam also used the facility from 1951 to 1975 for civilian domestic and international flights within Southeast Asia.", "Da Nang Air Base __knowledge__ On 22 September 1940, the Vichy Government signed an agreement with Japan allowing the Japanese to station troops in Tonkin and use three airfields there.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 265 (VMM-265) is a United States Marine Corps transport squadron consisting of MV-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"Dragons\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa, Japan and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 36 (MAG-36) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1st MAW).", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ Support the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Commander by providing assault support transport of combat troops, supplies and equipment, day or night under all weather conditions during expeditionary, joint or combined operations.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ HMM-265 was commissioned on October 1, 1962 at Marine Corps Air Facility Jacksonville, North Carolina.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 365 (VMM-365) is a United States Marine Corps tiltrotor squadron consisting of MV-22B Osprey transport aircraft.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"Blue Knights\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 26 (MAG-26) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Provide assault support of combat troops, supplies, and equipment during amphibious operations and subsequent operations ashore.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 365 was established on July 1, 1963 at Marine Corps Air Facility Santa Ana, California.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The French Resistance () was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis in rural areas), who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The men and women of the Resistance came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés; academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Roman Catholics (including priests) and also citizens from the ranks of liberals, anarchists and communists.", "Bourse du Travail __knowledge__ The Bourse du Travail (French for \"labour exchanges\"), a French form of the labour council, were working class organizations that encouraged mutual aid, education, and self-organization amongst their members in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.", "Bourse du Travail __knowledge__ Early Third Republic France was a time of dramatic social and economic change.", "Bourse du Travail __knowledge__ With the tremendous growth of industrial capitalism in the last twenty years of the 19th century and the continued migration of workers to cities, the traditional system of meeting places for those seeking work was overtaxed.", "Bourse du Travail __knowledge__ Skilled and unskilled trades alike had gradually developed systems to match those seeking work with employers, but the legalisation of trades unions in 1884, helped formalise these structures.", "French Left __knowledge__ The Left in France () was represented at the beginning of the 20th century by two main political parties: the Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party and the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), created in 1905 as a merger of various Marxist parties.", "French Left __knowledge__ But in 1914, after the assassination of the leader of the SFIO, Jean Jaurès, who had upheld an internationalist and anti-militarist line, the SFIO accepted to join the \"Union Sacrée\" national front.", "French Left __knowledge__ In the aftermaths of the 1917 Russian Revolution and the Spartacist insurrection in Germany, the French Left divided itself in reformists and revolutionaries during the 1920 Tours Congress, which saw the majority of the SFIO spin-out to form the French Section of the Communist International (SFIC).", "Debian __knowledge__ Debian () is a Unix-like computer operating system that is composed entirely of free software and packaged by a group of individuals participating in the Debian Project.", "Debian __knowledge__ The Debian Project was first announced in 1993 by Ian Murdock, Debian 0.01 was released on September 15, 1993, and the first \"stable\" release was made in 1996.", "Debian __knowledge__ The Debian \"stable\" release branch is the most popular Debian edition for personal computers and network servers, and has been used as a base for many other distributions.", "Debian __knowledge__ The project's work is carried out over the Internet by a team of volunteers guided by the Debian Project Leader and three foundational documents: the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free Software Guidelines.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Vichy France () is the common name of the French State (\"État français\") headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ It represented the unoccupied \"Free Zone\" (\"zone libre\") in the southern part of metropolitan France and theoretically, the French colonial empire.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ From 1940 to 1942, while the Vichy regime was the nominal government of France as a whole, Germany militarily occupied northern France.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Thus, while Paris remained the \"de jure\" capital of France, the \"de facto\" capital of southern, \"unoccupied\" France was the town of Vichy, to the south.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Following the Allied landings in French North Africa in November 1942, southern France was also militarily occupied by Germany and Italy.", "Tondo (historical polity) __knowledge__ In early Philippine history, the Tagalog settlement at Tondo (; Baybayin: ; ) was a major trade hub located on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, on Luzon island.", "Tondo (historical polity) __knowledge__ It is referred to in academic circles as the \"Tondo polity\" or \"Tondo settlement\", and the earliest Tagalog dictionaries categorized it as a \"Bayan\" (\"country\" or \"polity\", \"lit.\"", "Tondo (historical polity) __knowledge__ \"settlement\").", "Tondo (historical polity) __knowledge__ Travellers from monarchical cultures who had contacts with Tondo (including the Chinese, Portuguese and the Spanish) often initially mistakenly labelled it as the \"Kingdom of Tondo\".", "Tondo (historical polity) __knowledge__ Early Augustinian chronicler Pedro de San Buenaventura explained this to be an error as early as 1613 in his \"Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala\", but historian Vicente L. Rafael notes that the label was nevertheless later adapted by the popular literature of the Spanish colonial era because Spanish language writers of the time did not have the appropriate words for describing the complex power relations on which Maritime Southeast Asian leadership structures were built." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ \"LOL Smiley Face\" (styled as \"LOL :-)\") is a song by American recording artist Trey Songz.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ It features rappers Gucci Mane and Soulja Boy Tellem and serves as the second single from Songz' third studio album, \"Ready\".", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ The artists co-wrote the song with its producers Troy Taylor and Tony Scales.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ \"LOL Smiley Face\" is an R&B song featuring bouncy, poppy synths, and lyrically refers to sexting and other electronic multimedia messaging.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ The song was released as the second single from Songz's third album \"Ready\" on August 24, 2009.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ The song received generally positive reviews from critics, who noted its catchy melody.", "Lightner Witmer __knowledge__ Lightner Witmer (June 28, 1867 – July 19, 1956) was an American psychologist.", "Lightner Witmer __knowledge__ He introduced the term \"clinical psychology\" and is often credited with founding the field that it describes.", "Lightner Witmer __knowledge__ Witmer created the world's first \"psychological clinic\" at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896, as well as the first journal of clinical psychology and the first clinical hospital school in 1907.", "Lightner Witmer __knowledge__ Witmer contributed to numerous branches of psychology including school psychology.", "Lightner Witmer __knowledge__ He contributed to the field of special education.", "Lightner Witmer __knowledge__ Little is known about Witmer's life.", "Lightner Witmer __knowledge__ He is described as an introverted and private person.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ The Greek language question (, \"to glossikó zítima\") was a dispute about whether the language of the Greek people (Demotic Greek) or a cultivated imitation of Ancient Greek (\"katharevousa\") should be the official language of the Greek nation.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ It was a highly controversial topic in the 19th and 20th centuries and was finally resolved in 1976, when Demotic was made the official language.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ The language phenomenon in question, which also occurs elsewhere in the world, is called diglossia.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ While Demotic was the vernacular of the Greeks, \"Katharevousa\" was an archaic and formal variant that was pronounced like Modern Greek, but it adopted both lexical and morphological features of Ancient Greek that the spoken language had lost over time.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Alexander the Great in the Quran __knowledge__ The story of Dhul-Qarnayn (in Arabic ذو القرنين, literally \"\"The Two-Horned One\"\", also transliterated as Zul-Qarnain or Zulqarnain), mentioned in the Quran, may be a reference to Alexander III of Macedon (356–323 BC), popularly known as Alexander the Great.", "Alexander the Great in the Quran __knowledge__ Dhul-Qarnayn was a well-known figure in the lore of the ancient dwellers of the Arabian Peninsula.", "Alexander the Great in the Quran __knowledge__ The majority of traditional and modern scholars have generally endorsed the identification of Dhul-Qarnayn with Alexander the Great, but some early Muslim scholars saw it as a reference to a pre-Islamic monarch from Persia or south Arabia.", "Alexander the Great in the Quran __knowledge__ It has also been a matter of theological controversy amongst Muslim scholars since early times.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ Its study affords important information about the religion, traditions and beliefs of the ancient Romans.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ This legacy is conspicuous in European cultural history in its influence on later juridical and religious vocabulary in Europe, particularly of the Western Church.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ This glossary provides explanations of concepts as they were expressed in Latin pertaining to religious practices and beliefs, with links to articles on major topics such as priesthoods, forms of divination, and rituals.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ For theonyms, or the names and epithets of gods, see List of Roman deities.", "Iroquois __knowledge__ The Iroquois ( or ) or Haudenosaunee () are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy.", "Iroquois __knowledge__ They were known during the colonial years to the French as the \"Iroquois League\", and later as the \"Iroquois Confederacy\", and to the English as the \"Five Nations\" (before 1722), and later as the \"Six Nations\", comprising the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora peoples.", "Iroquois __knowledge__ The Iroquois have absorbed many other peoples into their cultures as a result of warfare, adoption of captives, and by offering shelter to displaced peoples.", "Iroquois __knowledge__ The historic Erie, Susquehannock, Wyandot (Huron), and St. Lawrence Iroquoians, all independent peoples, spoke Iroquoian languages.", "Tirukkuṛaḷ __knowledge__ The Tirukkural or Thirukkural (, literally \"Sacred Verses\"), or shortly the Kural, is a classic Tamil text consisting of 1330 couplets or kurals, dealing with the everyday virtues of an individual.", "Tirukkuṛaḷ __knowledge__ Considered one of the greatest works ever written on ethics and morality, chiefly secular ethics, it is known for its universality and non-denominational nature.", "Tirukkuṛaḷ __knowledge__ It was authored by Valluvar, also known in full as Thiruvalluvar.", "Tirukkuṛaḷ __knowledge__ The text has been dated variously from 300 BCE to 7th century CE.", "Tirukkuṛaḷ __knowledge__ The traditional accounts describe it as the last work of the third Sangam, but linguistic analysis suggests a later date of 450-500 CE." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 9, 10 ]

[ "Have you ever been travelling? You can do it by foot, bike, automobile, boat, train, and more! ", "Historians think the word travel may have come from the French word travail, which means work", "Is it thought that the word came from the extreme difficulties of travel in the ancient times", "Yes, today travel is often much easier due to technology" ]

[ "Travel", "Travel", "Travel", "Travel" ]

[ "Equestrianism", "I actually do like to ride horses. I am not super experienced at it, but I find it enjoyable", "Just for enjoyment myself. I am no way good enough to consider being competative", "No not at all. Although I do have some friends that are into it. The like to ride horses and are much more experienced than I am" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the \"vaquero\" traditions of northern Mexico and became a figure of special significance and legend.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ A subtype, called a wrangler, specifically tends the horses used to work cattle.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ In addition to ranch work, some cowboys work for or participate in rodeos.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ Cowgirls, first defined as such in the late 19th century, had a less-well documented historical role, but in the modern world have established the ability to work at virtually identical tasks and obtained considerable respect for their achievements.", "Pete Snyder __knowledge__ Pete Snyder (born August 5, 1972) is an American entrepreneur and marketing executive who is best known as the founder and former chief executive officer of New Media Strategies (NMS), a social media marketing agency that he started in 1999.", "Pete Snyder __knowledge__ Snyder stepped down as CEO of NMS in 2011 and founded the angel investment firm Disruptor Capital in 2012.", "Pete Snyder __knowledge__ Snyder was the chairman of the 2012 Virginia Victory Campaign and ran for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in the 2013 United States elections where he failed to win the Republican nomination.", "Pete Snyder __knowledge__ Snyder declined to run for the Republican nomination for governor in 2017, instead chairing the campaign of Ed Gillespie.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ Sir Patrick Gardiner Hastings (17 March 1880 – 26 February 1952) was a British barrister and politician noted for his long and highly successful career as a barrister and his short stint as Attorney General.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ He was educated at Charterhouse School until 1896, when his family moved to continental Europe.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ There he learnt to shoot and ride horses, allowing him to join the Suffolk Imperial Yeomanry after the outbreak of the Second Boer War.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ After demobilisation he worked briefly as an apprentice to an engineer in Wales before moving to London to become a barrister.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ Hastings joined the Middle Temple as a student on 4 November 1901, and after two years of saving money for the call to the Bar he finally qualified as a barrister on 15 June 1904.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of horses ridden in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ By 1600 BC, improved harness and chariot designs made chariot warfare common throughout the Ancient Near East, and the earliest written training manual for war horses was a guide for training chariot horses written about 1350 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ As formal cavalry tactics replaced the chariot, so did new training methods, and by 360 BC, the Greek cavalry officer Xenophon had written an extensive treatise on horsemanship.", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ Ahmed Zayat (born August 31, 1962) is an Egyptian American entrepreneur and owner of Thoroughbred race horses.", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ He currently serves as the CEO of Zayat Stables, LLC, a Thoroughbred horse racing business which bred and owns the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah.", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ Joe Drape of \"The New York Times\" described Zayat as \"controversial\" and \"one of the most successful and flamboyant owners in thoroughbred racing.\"", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ Zayat was born in Cairo, Egypt to a wealthy family, and grew up in an ethnically-diverse neighborhood where he learned to ride horses.", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ At age 18, he moved to the United States where he attended college and ultimately obtained a master's degree in business and public health from Boston University.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Horses play a large role in the daily and national life of the Mongols; it is traditionally said that \"A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without the wings.\"", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Elizabeth Kendall, who travelled through Mongolia in 1911, observed, \"To appreciate the Mongol you must see him on horseback,—and indeed you rarely see him otherwise, for he does not put foot to ground if he can help it.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ The Mongol without his pony is only half a Mongol, but with his pony he is as good as two men.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ It is a fine sight to see him tearing over the plain, loose bridle, easy seat, much like the Western cowboy, but with less sprawl.\"", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ They were also more central to society than their modern counterparts, being essential for war, agriculture, and transport.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Consequently, specific types of horse developed, many of which have no modern equivalent.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ While an understanding of modern horse breeds and equestrianism is vital for any analysis of the medieval horse, researchers also need to consider documentary (both written and pictorial) and archaeological evidence.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages were rarely differentiated by breed, but rather by use.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse (, literally \"horse of Finland\"; nickname: \"Suokki\", or , literally \"finnish cold-blood\") is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In English it is sometimes called the Finnish Universal, as the Finns consider the breed capable of fulfilling all of Finland's horse needs, including agricultural and forestry work, harness racing, and riding.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In 2007, the breed was declared the official national horse breed of Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse is claimed to be among the fastest and most versatile \"coldblood\" breeds in the world.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ Equine welfare describes the acceptable conditions of life and use for domesticated horses, in contrast to suffering produced by voluntary or involuntary actions of others, whether through physical abuse, mutilation, neglect, or other forms of ill treatment.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ Debates about the welfare and abuse of horses are recent.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, when the sight of a horse dying while working was commonplace, the first wave of awareness was born with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the publication of the novel \"Black Beauty\" in England.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ France followed suit with the creation of the French League for the Protection of the Horse and the passage of the Grammont Law in 1850.", "Xs3p __knowledge__ xs3p is an XSLT stylesheet that generates XHTML documentation from XML Schema Definition language (XSD) schema.", "Xs3p __knowledge__ xs3p requires an XSLT processor like Xalan from Apache Software Foundation.", "Xs3p __knowledge__ The results can be generally viewed with any browser that supports Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 (CSS2) and XHTML 1.0, such as Explorer 5.5, Mozilla 1.0, Netscape 6 or Opera 5 (or later).", "Xs3p __knowledge__ xs3p was developed by Project Titanium, Distributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC) Pty Ltd. and distributed under a Mozilla Public License (MPL).", "Xs3p __knowledge__ xs3p is used by both the Oxygen XML Editor and Stylus Studio to generate schema documentation, and a modified version of the stylesheet is included with this program." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Good Enough (Evanescence song) __knowledge__ \"Good Enough\" is a song by American rock band Evanescence.", "Good Enough (Evanescence song) __knowledge__ It was released in 2007 as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, \"The Open Door\".", "Good Enough (Evanescence song) __knowledge__ The song was written by lead vocalist Amy Lee and produced by Dave Fortman.", "Good Enough (Evanescence song) __knowledge__ According to Lee it was written for her long-time friend and future husband, Josh Hartzler.", "Good Enough (Evanescence song) __knowledge__ It was placed as the last track on the album to symbolize a new beginning for the band.", "Good Enough (Evanescence song) __knowledge__ According to Lee, \"Good Enough\" was written for the soundtrack of the movie \"\", but was not included.", "Good Enough (Evanescence song) __knowledge__ The producers of \"Narnia\" rebutted her claim, stating that no Evanescence music had been planned for inclusion in the soundtrack.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which states that the best action is the one that maximizes utility.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ \"Utility\" is defined in various ways, usually in terms of the well-being of sentient entities.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, described utility as the sum of all pleasure that results from an action, minus the suffering of anyone involved in the action.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ Utilitarianism is a version of consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ Unlike other forms of consequentialism, such as egoism, utilitarianism considers the interests of all beings equally.", "English land law __knowledge__ English land law is the law of real property in England and Wales.", "English land law __knowledge__ Because of its heavy historical and social significance, land is usually seen as the most important part of English property law.", "English land law __knowledge__ Ownership of land has its roots in the feudal system established by William the Conqueror after 1066, and with a gradually diminishing aristocratic presence, now sees a large number of owners playing in an active market for real estate.", "English land law __knowledge__ The modern law's sources derive from the old courts of common law and equity which includes legislation such as the Law of Property Act 1925, the Settled Land Act 1925, the Land Charges Act 1972, the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 and the Land Registration Act 2002, and the European Convention on Human Rights.", "Mietek Jaroniec __knowledge__ Mietek Jaroniec is a Polish and American chemist and an author of over 950 scientific papers which got over 20,000 citations and brings him an h-index of 63.", "Mietek Jaroniec __knowledge__ Jaroniec obtained his masters and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry at the Curie-Sklodowska University in 1972 and 1976 respectively.", "Mietek Jaroniec __knowledge__ From 1972 to 1991 he worked at the Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University and since 1991 works at Kent State University as a professor.", "Mietek Jaroniec __knowledge__ Prior to it, he also was a research assistant from 1972 to 1977 after which he got promoted to the assistant professor a position that he kept till 1980.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In religion, ethics, philosophy, and psychology \"good and evil\" is a very common dichotomy.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In cultures with Manichaean and Abrahamic religious influence, evil is usually perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In cultures with Buddhist spiritual influence, both good and evil are perceived as part of an antagonistic duality that itself must be overcome through achieving \"Śūnyatā\" meaning emptiness in the sense of recognition of good and evil being two opposing principles but not a reality, emptying the duality of them, and achieving a oneness.", "Scott Stevens __knowledge__ Ronald Scott Stevens (born April 1, 1964) is a professional ice hockey coach and former player.", "Scott Stevens __knowledge__ As a defenceman, Stevens played 22 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Washington Capitals, St. Louis Blues, and the New Jersey Devils, serving as captain of the Devils from 1992 to 2004.", "Scott Stevens __knowledge__ Although offensively capable, Stevens was largely known for his defensive play and his heavy body checking on opponents.", "Scott Stevens __knowledge__ Stevens started his career with the Capitals, where he helped the team make the playoffs for the first time.", "Scott Stevens __knowledge__ After spending a season with the Blues, he was acquired by the Devils through arbitration.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ The Mayan civilization (2,000 BC – 250 AD) was among those that flourished in the region, with little contact with cultures outside Mesoamerica.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ The modern history of Guatemala began with the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in 1511.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ Most of the great Classic-era (250 – 900 AD) Maya cities of the Petén Basin region, in the northern lowlands of Guatemala, had been abandoned by the year 1000 AD.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ The states in the Belize central highlands flourished until the arrival in 1525 of Pedro de Alvarado, the Spanish Conquistador.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ Called \"the invader\" by the Mayan peoples, he began subjugating the Indian states with his forces.", "Third Front (China) __knowledge__ The Third Front Movement () was a massive industrial development by China in its interior starting in 1964.", "Third Front (China) __knowledge__ It involved large-scale investment in national defense, technology, basic industries (including manufacturing, mining, metal, and electricity), transportation and other infrastructures investments.", "Third Front (China) __knowledge__ “Third Front ” is a geo-military concept: it is relative to the “First Front” area that is close to the potential war fronts.", "Third Front (China) __knowledge__ The Third Front region covers 13 provinces and autonomous regions with its core area in the Northwest (including Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai) and Southwest (including nowadays Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, and Guizhou).", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ Rowing, often referred to as crew in the United States, is a sport whose origins reach back to Ancient Egyptian times.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ It involves propelling a boat (racing shell) on water using oars.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ By pushing against the water with an oar, a force is generated to move the boat.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ The sport can be either recreational for enjoyment or fitness, or competitive, when athletes race against each other in boats.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ There are a number of different boat classes in which athletes compete, ranging from an individual shell (called a single scull) to an eight-person shell with coxswain (called a coxed eight).", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ Modern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 10th century when races were held between professional watermen on the River Thames in London, United Kingdom.", "History of professional wrestling __knowledge__ The history of professional wrestling, as a performing art, started in the early 20th century, with predecessors in funfair and variety strongman and wrestling performances (which often involved match fixing) in the 19th century.", "History of professional wrestling __knowledge__ Professional wrestling is a popular form of entertainment in Australia, North America, Latin America, Europe and Japan.", "History of professional wrestling __knowledge__ Wrestling as a modern sport developed in the 19th century out of traditions of folk wrestling, emerging in the form of two styles of regulated competitive sport, \"freestyle\" and \"Greco-Roman\" wrestling (based on British and continental tradition, respectively), summarized under the term \"amateur wrestling\" by the beginning of the modern Olympics in 1896." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the \"vaquero\" traditions of northern Mexico and became a figure of special significance and legend.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ A subtype, called a wrangler, specifically tends the horses used to work cattle.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ In addition to ranch work, some cowboys work for or participate in rodeos.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ Cowgirls, first defined as such in the late 19th century, had a less-well documented historical role, but in the modern world have established the ability to work at virtually identical tasks and obtained considerable respect for their achievements.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of horses ridden in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ By 1600 BC, improved harness and chariot designs made chariot warfare common throughout the Ancient Near East, and the earliest written training manual for war horses was a guide for training chariot horses written about 1350 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ As formal cavalry tactics replaced the chariot, so did new training methods, and by 360 BC, the Greek cavalry officer Xenophon had written an extensive treatise on horsemanship.", "Gary Cooper __knowledge__ Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901 – May 13, 1961) was an American film actor known for his natural, authentic, and understated acting style and screen performances.", "Gary Cooper __knowledge__ His career spanned thirty-five years, from 1925 to 1960, and included leading roles in eighty-four feature films.", "Gary Cooper __knowledge__ He was a major movie star from the end of the silent film era through to the end of the golden age of Classical Hollywood.", "Gary Cooper __knowledge__ His screen persona appealed strongly to both men and women, and his range of performances included roles in most major movie genres.", "Gary Cooper __knowledge__ Cooper's ability to project his own personality onto the characters he played contributed to his appearing natural and authentic on screen.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ Sir Patrick Gardiner Hastings (17 March 1880 – 26 February 1952) was a British barrister and politician noted for his long and highly successful career as a barrister and his short stint as Attorney General.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ He was educated at Charterhouse School until 1896, when his family moved to continental Europe.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ There he learnt to shoot and ride horses, allowing him to join the Suffolk Imperial Yeomanry after the outbreak of the Second Boer War.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ After demobilisation he worked briefly as an apprentice to an engineer in Wales before moving to London to become a barrister.", "Patrick Hastings __knowledge__ Hastings joined the Middle Temple as a student on 4 November 1901, and after two years of saving money for the call to the Bar he finally qualified as a barrister on 15 June 1904.", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ Ahmed Zayat (born August 31, 1962) is an Egyptian American entrepreneur and owner of Thoroughbred race horses.", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ He currently serves as the CEO of Zayat Stables, LLC, a Thoroughbred horse racing business which bred and owns the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah.", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ Joe Drape of \"The New York Times\" described Zayat as \"controversial\" and \"one of the most successful and flamboyant owners in thoroughbred racing.\"", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ Zayat was born in Cairo, Egypt to a wealthy family, and grew up in an ethnically-diverse neighborhood where he learned to ride horses.", "Ahmed Zayat __knowledge__ At age 18, he moved to the United States where he attended college and ultimately obtained a master's degree in business and public health from Boston University.", "Equestrian use of roadways __knowledge__ Equestrian use of roadways was routine historically, and continues to be routine in many parts of the world today.", "Equestrian use of roadways __knowledge__ It is subject to a wide variety of regulatory, policy, management, and technical issues.", "Equestrian use of roadways __knowledge__ Before the popularity of automobiles increased, primarily in the United States of America, seeing someone riding in a horse-drawn buggy, or atop a horse on the roadway was fairly common.", "Equestrian use of roadways __knowledge__ It was, in fact the primary form of transportation until automobiles took over in the early nineteen hundreds (Mid-America Arts Alliance, 2007).", "Equestrian use of roadways __knowledge__ Horses were the fastest way to get from point a to point b.", "Equestrian use of roadways __knowledge__ For centuries upon centuries, horse and man went hand in hand when it came to the major form of transportation.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (; ; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page \"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus\" (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ \"Philosophical Investigations\" appeared as a book in 1953, and has since come to be recognised as one of the most important works of philosophy in the twentieth century.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Veronica Mars characters __knowledge__ \"Veronica Mars\" is an American television series created by Rob Thomas.", "List of Veronica Mars characters __knowledge__ The series premiered on September 22, 2004, during UPN's last two years, and ended on May 22, 2007, after a season on UPN's successor, The CW Television Network.", "List of Veronica Mars characters __knowledge__ Balancing murder mystery, high-school and college drama, the series features social commentary with sarcasm and off-beat humor in a style often compared to film noir.", "List of Veronica Mars characters __knowledge__ Set in the fictional town of Neptune, the series starred Kristen Bell as the title character, a student who progressed from high school to college during the series while moonlighting as a private investigator under the wing of her detective father.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 7 ]

[ "Have you ever been into horses and riding horses? Like equestrianism? ", "Oh okay awesome! The whole category has many different meanings, like using horses for transportation, cultural exercises and as a competitive sport or just for enjoyment. Which one do you do?", "I would think it takes a lot of practice of course. Have you ever tried jumping or racing with friend or anything?", "I see. What about riding down trails in ranches, parks, or public stables? Just for fun" ]

[ "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism" ]

[ "Human height\nI come from a very tall family. I am 6 foot 6. I think the population are getting taller and taller with each new generation. What do you think?", "Are your parents tall? I think it is interesting that we take so much from are parents", "Oh is that right? and what does it mean?", "Oh ok. I dont know alot about that. Does that determine your height then?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Human height __knowledge__ Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.", "Human height __knowledge__ It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system.", "Human height __knowledge__ A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height.", "Human height __knowledge__ Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases.", "Human height __knowledge__ When populations share genetic background and environmental factors, average height is frequently characteristic within the group.", "Human height __knowledge__ Exceptional height variation (around 20% deviation from average) within such a population is sometimes due to gigantism or dwarfism, which are medical conditions caused by specific genes or endocrine abnormalities.", "Human height __knowledge__ The development of human height can serve as an indicator of two key welfare components, namely nutritional quality and health.", "Human height __knowledge__ In regions of poverty or warfare, environmental factors like chronic malnutrition during childhood or adolescence may result in delayed growth and/or marked reductions in adult stature even without the presence of any of these medical conditions.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Height can significantly influence success in sports, depending on how the design of the sport is linked to factors that are height-biased due to physics and biology.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ The balance of the intricate array of links will determine the degree to which height plays a role in success, if any.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Advantages for below average height include:) Advantages for above average height include: Height can be both helpful and detrimental in wrestling.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Since taller people have more bone mass, they will generally be slightly weaker than shorter people in the same weight class.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ This difference is made up in part by their longer arms, which allow them a longer reach and easier cradle.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ The early skyscrapers were a range of tall, commercial buildings built between 1884 and 1939, predominantly in the American cities of New York City and Chicago.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ Cities in the United States were traditionally made up of low-rise buildings, but significant economic growth after the Civil War and increasingly intensive use of urban land encouraged the development of taller buildings beginning in the 1870s.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ Technological improvements enabled the construction of fireproofed iron-framed structures with deep foundations, equipped with new inventions such as the elevator and electric lighting.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ These made it both technically and commercially viable to build a new class of taller buildings, the first of which, Chicago's tall Home Insurance Building, opened in 1885.", "Scalable Source Routing __knowledge__ Scalable Source Routing (SSR) is a routing protocol for unstructured networks such as mobile ad hoc networks, mesh networks, or sensor networks.", "Scalable Source Routing __knowledge__ It combines source routing with routing along a virtual ring, and is based on the idea of \"pushing Chord into the underlay\".", "Scalable Source Routing __knowledge__ SSR operates on a flat address space which is organized as a virtual ring.", "Scalable Source Routing __knowledge__ This is a popular concept in peer-to-peer overlay networks like Chord.", "Scalable Source Routing __knowledge__ The common knowledge about the ring structure enables nodes to route packets without knowing the topology of the underlying physical network.", "Scalable Source Routing __knowledge__ While the physical network can be very dynamic, the structure of the virtual ring remains rather static.", "Jeaniene Frost __knowledge__ Jeaniene Frost is an American fantasy author, known for her work on the \"New York Times\" and \"USA Today\" bestselling \"Night Huntress\" series and the \"Night Huntress World\" novels.", "Jeaniene Frost __knowledge__ Foreign rights for her novels have sold to nineteen different countries.", "Jeaniene Frost __knowledge__ Frost first came up with the idea for the \"Night Huntress\" series after dreaming of a couple arguing.", "Jeaniene Frost __knowledge__ \"In my dream, I saw a man and a woman arguing.", "Jeaniene Frost __knowledge__ Somehow I knew the woman was a half-vampire, the man was a full vampire, and they were arguing because he was angry that she'd left him.\"", "Jeaniene Frost __knowledge__ This formed the basis for the second book; the first book details the circumstances under which the couple was separated.", "Tidiani (Jeff) Tall __knowledge__ Tidiani Tall, also commonly referred to as Jeff Tall (born May 25, 1969 in Bamako, Mali) is the author of \"Fixing Africa: Once and for All\" and is a recognized African business leader, public speaker and entrepreneur.", "Tidiani (Jeff) Tall __knowledge__ Tall grew up in Bamako, Mali, from birth to age 7 when his father, Maki Tall, became Ambassador of Mali to Saudi Arabia.", "Tidiani (Jeff) Tall __knowledge__ At this time Tidiani (Jeff) Tall was sent to boarding school in France.", "Tidiani (Jeff) Tall __knowledge__ Shortly thereafter the Tall family moved to Washington, DC and Tidiani studied at the French International School in Bethesda, Maryland.", "Tidiani (Jeff) Tall __knowledge__ It is here that he gained a taste for American football and has since been a Washington Redskins fan.", "Evolution __knowledge__ Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.", "Evolution __knowledge__ Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules.", "Evolution __knowledge__ Repeated formation of new species (speciation), change within species (anagenesis), and loss of species (extinction) throughout the evolutionary history of life on Earth are demonstrated by shared sets of morphological and biochemical traits, including shared DNA sequences.", "Evolution __knowledge__ These shared traits are more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, and can be used to reconstruct a biological \"tree of life\" based on evolutionary relationships (phylogenetics), using both existing species and fossils.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Human height __knowledge__ Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.", "Human height __knowledge__ It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system.", "Human height __knowledge__ A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height.", "Human height __knowledge__ Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases.", "Human height __knowledge__ When populations share genetic background and environmental factors, average height is frequently characteristic within the group.", "Human height __knowledge__ Exceptional height variation (around 20% deviation from average) within such a population is sometimes due to gigantism or dwarfism, which are medical conditions caused by specific genes or endocrine abnormalities.", "Human height __knowledge__ The development of human height can serve as an indicator of two key welfare components, namely nutritional quality and health.", "Human height __knowledge__ In regions of poverty or warfare, environmental factors like chronic malnutrition during childhood or adolescence may result in delayed growth and/or marked reductions in adult stature even without the presence of any of these medical conditions.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Júpiter-class minelayer __knowledge__ \"Júpiter\"-class minelayers was a group of four vessels of the Spanish Republican Navy built during the Spanish Republic.", "Júpiter-class minelayer __knowledge__ Three of them came into service during the Civil War after joining the rebel side.", "Júpiter-class minelayer __knowledge__ The minelayers were commissioned by the Government of the Republic to SECN shipyards at Ferrol in 1935, a year before the start of the Spanish Civil War.", "Júpiter-class minelayer __knowledge__ The construction had been approved by the Cortes on 27 March 1934, after a proposal from the minister of the navy Juan José Rocha García.", "Júpiter-class minelayer __knowledge__ The warships of the class were designed to protect the Balearic islands in the event of a war between France and Italy.", "MV Mar Negro __knowledge__ The Auxiliary cruiser Mar Negro was an armed merchantman of the Nationalist Spanish navy during the Spanish Civil War.", "MV Mar Negro __knowledge__ The cargo ship was launched in 1930 along with her sister ship \"Mar Cantábrico\", and after five years on the \"Compañía Marítima Del Nervión\" company, she was first requisitioned by the Spanish Republican Navy in 1936.", "MV Mar Negro __knowledge__ Captured by a group of Nationalist sympathizers from her crew off Algeria in 1937, she entered in service in 1938 after being converted to an auxiliary cruiser.", "MV Mar Negro __knowledge__ The \"Mar Negro\" was built in 1930 along with her sister ship.", "MV Mar Negro __knowledge__ She was a 6,632-ton motor vessel and was part of a series of four ships of different tonnage.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ It ran on for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005 and it is followed by \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Gina Conway, played by Kay Purcell, is a careworker at \"Elm Tree House\" in \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" and the first series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ Trees have a wide variety of sizes and shapes and growth habits.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ Specimens may grow as individual trunks, multitrunk masses, coppices, clonal colonies, or even more exotic tree complexes.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ Most champion tree programs focus finding and measuring the largest single-trunk example of each species.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ There are three basic parameters commonly measured to characterize the size of a single trunk tree: height, girth, and crown spread.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ Additional details on the methodology of Tree height measurement, Tree girth measurement, Tree crown measurement, and Tree volume measurement are presented in the links herein.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the tip of the highest branch on the tree, and is difficult to measure accurately.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ It is not the same as the length of the trunk.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ If a tree is leaning, the trunk length may be greater than the height of the tree.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ The base of the tree is where the projection of the pith (center) of the tree intersects the existing supporting surface upon which the tree is growing or where the acorn sprouted.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ If the tree is growing on the side of a cliff, the base of the tree is at the point where the pith would intersect the cliff side.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ Roots extending down from that point would not add to the height of the tree.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and completed in 1931, the building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ Its name is derived from \"Empire State\", the nickname of New York.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ the building is the 5th-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 28th-tallest in the world.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ It is also the 6th-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ The site of the Empire State Building, located on the west side of Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets, was originally part of an early 18th century farm.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ The early skyscrapers were a range of tall, commercial buildings built between 1884 and 1939, predominantly in the American cities of New York City and Chicago.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ Cities in the United States were traditionally made up of low-rise buildings, but significant economic growth after the Civil War and increasingly intensive use of urban land encouraged the development of taller buildings beginning in the 1870s.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ Technological improvements enabled the construction of fireproofed iron-framed structures with deep foundations, equipped with new inventions such as the elevator and electric lighting.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ These made it both technically and commercially viable to build a new class of taller buildings, the first of which, Chicago's tall Home Insurance Building, opened in 1885.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ In field hockey, each player carries a stick and cannot take part in the game without it.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ The stick for an adult is usually in the range 89–95 cm (35–38 in) long.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ A maximum length of 105 cm (41\") was stipulated from 2016.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ The maximum permitted weight is 737 grams.The majority of players use a stick in the range 19 oz to 22 oz (538 g - 623 g).", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ Traditionally hockey sticks were made of hickory, ash or mulberry wood with the head of the sticks being hand carved and therefore required skilled craftsmen to produce.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ Sticks made of wood continue to be made but the higher grade sticks are now manufactured from composite materials which were first permitted after 1992." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Human height __knowledge__ Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.", "Human height __knowledge__ It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system.", "Human height __knowledge__ A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height.", "Human height __knowledge__ Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases.", "Human height __knowledge__ When populations share genetic background and environmental factors, average height is frequently characteristic within the group.", "Human height __knowledge__ Exceptional height variation (around 20% deviation from average) within such a population is sometimes due to gigantism or dwarfism, which are medical conditions caused by specific genes or endocrine abnormalities.", "Human height __knowledge__ The development of human height can serve as an indicator of two key welfare components, namely nutritional quality and health.", "Human height __knowledge__ In regions of poverty or warfare, environmental factors like chronic malnutrition during childhood or adolescence may result in delayed growth and/or marked reductions in adult stature even without the presence of any of these medical conditions.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Sadaharu Oh (Japanese: , \"Ō Sadaharu\"; born May 20, 1940), also known as Wang Chen-chih (), is a retired Japanese–Chinese baseball player and manager who played 22 seasons for the Yomiuri Giants in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) from 1959 to 1980.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Oh holds the world lifetime home run record, having hit 868 home runs during his professional career.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ He established many NPB batting records, including runs batted in (RBIs) (2,170), slugging percentage (.634), bases on balls (2,390), and on-base plus slugging (OPS) (1.080).", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ In 1977, Sadaharu Oh became the first recipient of the People's Honour Award.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ It is a subgroup of haplogroup IJ, which itself is a derivative of the haplogroup IJK.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ I-M170 is one of the most numerous haplogroups among European males.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ Subclades can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and South East European countries.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ Consequently, I-M170 represents up to one-fifth of the male population of Europe, being the continent's second major Y-DNA haplogroup (behind Haplogroup R).", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ The haplogroup reaches its maximum frequency in the Balkans (with the highest concentration in present-day Herzegovina).", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Height can significantly influence success in sports, depending on how the design of the sport is linked to factors that are height-biased due to physics and biology.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ The balance of the intricate array of links will determine the degree to which height plays a role in success, if any.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Advantages for below average height include:) Advantages for above average height include: Height can be both helpful and detrimental in wrestling.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Since taller people have more bone mass, they will generally be slightly weaker than shorter people in the same weight class.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ This difference is made up in part by their longer arms, which allow them a longer reach and easier cradle.", "African admixture in Europe __knowledge__ African admixture in Europe refers to the Eurasian presence of human genetic polymorphisms that are considered to be evidence for movements of people from Africa to Eurasia in both the prehistoric and the historical past.", "African admixture in Europe __knowledge__ Although low levels of African admixture are present throughout the European continent, recent genetic studies conclude that significantly higher levels of admixture exist in areas of the Iberian Peninsula than in the rest of the continent.", "African admixture in Europe __knowledge__ At the Sinai Peninsula, Eurasia is connected to Africa, forming a single land mass.", "African admixture in Europe __knowledge__ The Nile River valley, which runs from East Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, could have served as a bidirectional corridor in the Sahara desert, allowing communication between Sub-Saharan Africa and the peoples of Eurasia.", "HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 __knowledge__ HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype (Also: \"AH8.1\", \"COX\", \"Super B8\", \"ancestral MHC 8.1\" or \"8.1 ancestral haplotype\") is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority of the human major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (not to be confused with the HLA-DQ heterodimer DQ8.1).", "HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 __knowledge__ A multigene haplotype is set of inherited alleles covering several genes, or gene-alleles; common multigene haplotypes are generally the result of descent by common ancestry (share a recent common ancestor for that segment of the chromosome).", "HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 __knowledge__ Chromosomal recombination fragments multigene haplotypes as the distance to that ancestor increases in number of generations.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to better understand the chronology of migration provided by research in other fields, such as history, archaeology, linguistics, and paleontology.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ These studies investigate the origins of various Jewish populations today.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ In particular, they investigate whether there is a common genetic heritage among various Jewish populations.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry and up to 75% Levantine genes.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Human height __knowledge__ Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.", "Human height __knowledge__ It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system.", "Human height __knowledge__ A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height.", "Human height __knowledge__ Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases.", "Human height __knowledge__ When populations share genetic background and environmental factors, average height is frequently characteristic within the group.", "Human height __knowledge__ Exceptional height variation (around 20% deviation from average) within such a population is sometimes due to gigantism or dwarfism, which are medical conditions caused by specific genes or endocrine abnormalities.", "Human height __knowledge__ The development of human height can serve as an indicator of two key welfare components, namely nutritional quality and health.", "Human height __knowledge__ In regions of poverty or warfare, environmental factors like chronic malnutrition during childhood or adolescence may result in delayed growth and/or marked reductions in adult stature even without the presence of any of these medical conditions.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ Design Manchester is a not-for-profit organisation established to showcase design talent; support design skills, careers & enterprise; advance the contribution of design in the city and the regional economy; and promote the role of Manchester as a design city internationally.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ It has a year-round programme of activities and events and organises Manchester’s annual citywide festival of design.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ In 2013, graphic designers John Owens and Malcolm Garrett RDI and media publicist Fiona McGarva were asked by Professor David Crow, then the Dean of Manchester School of Art, to organise an event to mark the School’s 175th anniversary and the opening of the new Benzie Building designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios.", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ Music from Another Dimension!", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ is the fifteenth studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released on November 6, 2012 by Columbia Records.", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ This is their first studio album since 2004's \"Honkin' on Bobo\" and the first to feature all-new material since 2001's \"Just Push Play\", marking the longest gap between Aerosmith's studio albums.", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ The album was released in a single CD edition, along with a deluxe version.", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ It is the last album in Aerosmith's current recording contract with Sony/Columbia Records and was produced by Jack Douglas, Steven Tyler, Joe Perry and Marti Frederiksen (three tracks).", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ The album includes the singles, \"Legendary Child\", \"Lover Alot\", \"What Could Have Been Love\", and \"Can't Stop Lovin' You\".", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna () is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in Jerusalem that sits partly in East Jerusalem and in a territory that was no man's land before the Six Day war.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ It borders the neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to the west, Ammunition Hill to the east, Ramat Eshkol to the north and Arzei HaBira to the south.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna was established in 1972 on the hillside through which Israeli troops in the Six Day War made their way from the Israeli neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to fight the Arab Legion troops at the Battle of Ammunition Hill.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ The Ma'alot massacre was a Palestinian terrorist attack that occurred in May 1974 and involved a two-day hostage-taking of 115 Israeli people which ended in the murders of over 25 hostages.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ It began when three armed members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) entered Israel from Lebanon.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ Soon afterwards they attacked a van, killing two Israeli Arab women while injuring a third and entered an apartment building in the town of Ma'alot, where they killed a couple and their four-year-old son.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ From there, they headed for the Netiv Meir Elementary School, where they took more than 115 people (including 105 children) hostage on 15 May 1974, in Ma'alot.", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "List of haplogroups of historic people __knowledge__ This is a list of haplogroups of historic people.", "List of haplogroups of historic people __knowledge__ Haplogroups can be determined from the remains of historical figures, or derived from genealogical DNA tests of people who trace their direct maternal or paternal ancestry to a noted historical figure.", "List of haplogroups of historic people __knowledge__ Some contemporary notable figures have made their test results public in the course of news programs or documentaries about this topic; they may be included in this list too.", "List of haplogroups of historic people __knowledge__ MtDNA results indicate direct maternal descent while Y-DNA results indicate direct paternal descent; these are only two of many lines of descent.", "List of haplogroups of historic people __knowledge__ Scientists make inferences of descent as hypotheses which could be disproved or modified by future research.", "Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup __knowledge__ In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the Y chromosome (called Y-DNA).", "Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup __knowledge__ Mutations that are shared by many people are called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).", "Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup __knowledge__ The human Y-chromosome accumulates roughly two mutations per generation.", "Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup __knowledge__ Y-DNA haplogroups represent major branches of the Y-chromosome phylogenetic tree that share hundreds or even thousands of mutations unique to each haplogroup.", "Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup __knowledge__ The Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (Y-MRCA, informally known as Y-chromosomal Adam) is the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) from whom all currently living men are descended patrilineally.", "Koreans __knowledge__ Koreans (; alternatively ; see names of Korea) are an East Asian ethnic group and nation native to the whole Korean Peninsula and southeastern Manchuria.", "Koreans __knowledge__ Koreans mainly live in the two Korean nation states, South Korea and North Korea (collectively referred to simply as Korea), but are also an officially recognized minority in China, Vietnam, Japan and Philippines, plus a number of former Soviet states, such as Russia and Uzbekistan.", "Koreans __knowledge__ Over the course of the 20th century, significant Korean communities have emerged in Australia, Canada, United States and, to a lesser extent, other nations with a primarily immigrant background.", "Genealogical DNA test __knowledge__ A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based test which looks at specific locations of a person's genome in order to determine ancestral ethnicity and genealogical relationships.", "Genealogical DNA test __knowledge__ Results give information about ethnic groups the test subject may be descended from and about other individuals that they may be related to.", "Genealogical DNA test __knowledge__ Three principal types of genealogical DNA tests are available, with each looking at a different part of the genome and useful for different types of genealogical research: Autosomal, Mitochondrial, and Y.", "Genealogical DNA test __knowledge__ In general, genealogical DNA tests do not give information about medical conditions or diseases.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ It is a subgroup of haplogroup IJ, which itself is a derivative of the haplogroup IJK.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ I-M170 is one of the most numerous haplogroups among European males.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ Subclades can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and South East European countries.", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ Consequently, I-M170 represents up to one-fifth of the male population of Europe, being the continent's second major Y-DNA haplogroup (behind Haplogroup R).", "Haplogroup I-M170 __knowledge__ The haplogroup reaches its maximum frequency in the Balkans (with the highest concentration in present-day Herzegovina).", "Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA) __knowledge__ E-M215, also known as E1b1b and formerly E3b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.", "Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA) __knowledge__ It is a division of the macro-haplogroup E-M96, which is defined by the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M215.", "Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA) __knowledge__ In other words, it is one of the major patrilineages of humanity, linking from father-to-son back to a common male-line ancestor (\"Y-chromosomal Adam\").", "Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA) __knowledge__ It is a subject of discussion and study in genetics as well as genetic genealogy, archaeology, and historical linguistics.", "Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA) __knowledge__ The E-M215 haplogroup has two ancient branches that contain all the known modern E-M215, E-M35 and E-M281 subclades.", "Haplogroup T-M184 __knowledge__ Haplogroup T-M184, also known as haplogroup T, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.", "Haplogroup T-M184 __knowledge__ The unique-event polymorphism (UEP) that defines this clade is the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) known as \"M184\".", "Haplogroup T-M184 __knowledge__ Other SNPs – \"M272\", \"PAGES129\", \"L810\", \"L455\", \"L452\", and \"L445\" – are considered to be phylogenetically equivalent to \"M184\".", "Haplogroup T-M184 __knowledge__ T-M184 is an immediate descendant of the haplogroup LT, whose parent clade is the haplogroup K. Before 2008, haplogroup T (or T1a/M70) was known as haplogroup K2.", "Haplogroup T-M184 __knowledge__ This subclade name has since been reassigned to a sibling clade of haplogroup LT. Haplogroup T is unusual in that it is both relatively rare and geographically widespread." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 45, 64 ]

[ "I agree. Measuring from the bottom of my feet to the top of my head, I'm only 5'4\", so you're a lot taller than I am. ", "No actually. My mom is shorter than I am and my dad was average height. There's a genetic profile in males called Y haplotype I-M170 is related to height.", "It's a Y chromosome DNA haplogroup.", "Yes it does. It's also one of the common haplogroups with European males." ]

[ "Human height", "Human height", "Human height", "Human height" ]

[ "Halo 3", "One of my favorite games of all time! It lived up to the hype.", "The fact that it has been out for that long is actually unreal.", "Without a doubt! I played that so much back in the day." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Halo 3 is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for the Xbox 360 console.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The third installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game concludes the story arc begun in 2001's \"\" and continued in 2004's \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was released on September 25, 2007, in Australia, Brazil, India, New Zealand, North America, and Singapore; September 26, 2007, in Europe; and September 27, 2007, in Japan.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ \"Halo 3\"s story centers on the interstellar war between twenty-sixth century humanity and a collection of alien races known as the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of the Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier, as he battles the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game features vehicles, weapons, and gameplay elements not present in previous titles of the series, as well as the addition of saved gameplay films, file sharing, and the Forge map editor—a utility which allows the player to perform modifications to multiplayer levels.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Bungie began developing \"Halo 3\" shortly after \"Halo 2\" shipped.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was officially announced at E3 2006, and its release was preceded by a multiplayer beta open to select players who purchased the Xbox 360 game \"Crackdown\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Microsoft spent $40 million on marketing the game, in an effort to sell more game consoles and broaden the appeal of the game beyond the established \"Halo\" fanbase." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Halo 3 is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for the Xbox 360 console.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The third installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game concludes the story arc begun in 2001's \"\" and continued in 2004's \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was released on September 25, 2007, in Australia, Brazil, India, New Zealand, North America, and Singapore; September 26, 2007, in Europe; and September 27, 2007, in Japan.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ \"Halo 3\"s story centers on the interstellar war between twenty-sixth century humanity and a collection of alien races known as the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of the Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier, as he battles the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game features vehicles, weapons, and gameplay elements not present in previous titles of the series, as well as the addition of saved gameplay films, file sharing, and the Forge map editor—a utility which allows the player to perform modifications to multiplayer levels.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Bungie began developing \"Halo 3\" shortly after \"Halo 2\" shipped.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was officially announced at E3 2006, and its release was preceded by a multiplayer beta open to select players who purchased the Xbox 360 game \"Crackdown\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Microsoft spent $40 million on marketing the game, in an effort to sell more game consoles and broaden the appeal of the game beyond the established \"Halo\" fanbase.", "Hype Energy __knowledge__ Hype Energy is a range of energy drinks distributed in over 45 countries across the world.", "Hype Energy __knowledge__ First launched in 1994 by Hard Rock Cafe founders, the company has been headed since May 2000 by former Formula One racing driver, Bertrand Gachot.", "Hype Energy __knowledge__ Hype Energy has been an official sponsor of Formula One auto racing team Force India since 2015.", "Hype Energy __knowledge__ Hype Energy was first developed in 1993 by Ashley Roy, Nigel Spiro, and Andrew Barshall and backed by Hard Rock Cafe founder, Barry Cox.", "Hype Energy __knowledge__ Under Spiro and Managing Director David Harris Hype Energy became heavily involved in motorsport by first sponsoring the Arrows Formula One team and subsequently Benetton, Williams, a NASCAR outfit and several motorbike teams.", "The Hype Bros __knowledge__ The Hype Bros were a professional wrestling tag team which performed in WWE on its SmackDown brand.", "The Hype Bros __knowledge__ The team, composed of Zack Ryder and Mojo Rawley, was formed in June 2015 on the development territory, NXT.", "The Hype Bros __knowledge__ In June 2015, Zack Ryder debuted in \"NXT\", forming an alliance with Mojo Rawley, dubbing themselves as The Hype Bros.", "The Hype Bros __knowledge__ The Hype Bros went on to defeat Elias Sampson and Mike Rallis at the May 21st \"NXT\" TV tapings.", "The Hype Bros __knowledge__ Three weeks later, with the duo officially recognized as a tag team, they defeated the team of Angelo Dawkins and Sawyer Fulton on the June 18 TV taping.", "The Hype Bros __knowledge__ After a month-long feud with the likes of The Revival, American Alpha, along with countless victories over the teams, The Hype Bros teamed up with Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady to defeat Gable, Jordan, Wilder and Dawson in an eight-man tag team match at .", "Playphone __knowledge__ Playphone is a mobile social gaming network founded in 2003.", "Playphone __knowledge__ Playphone’s custom gaming solution powers app stores for leading worldwide carriers (Verizon, Claro Brazil).", "Playphone __knowledge__ Preloaded on Android smartphones, Playphone’s gaming network offers mobile gamers a new on-device destination to discover and play their favorite games with friends.", "Playphone __knowledge__ Playphone is based in Silicon Valley, California with offices in San Jose, California; Brooklin, Sao Paulo; Beijing, China; and United Kingdom.", "Playphone __knowledge__ Founded in April 2003 by Ron Czerny, Playphone is funded by Menlo Ventures, Cardinal Venture Capital and Coral Capital Management.", "Zack Ryder __knowledge__ Matthew Brett Cardona (born May 14, 1985) is an American professional wrestler who is currently signed to WWE under the ring name Zack Ryder.", "Zack Ryder __knowledge__ He performs on the SmackDown brand.", "Zack Ryder __knowledge__ After joining WWE in 2007, he has since become a one-time Intercontinental Champion, a one-time United States Champion, and a one-time Tag Team Champion.", "Zack Ryder __knowledge__ Cardona began working in the professional wrestling industry in 2004, mainly as a tag team with Brian Myers/Curt Hawkins on the independent circuit and then eventually in WWE, where they won WWE's tag team championship.", "Zack Ryder __knowledge__ After the team split in 2009, Cardona made appearances on \"ECW\".", "Hype: The Time Quest __knowledge__ Hype: The Time Quest is an adventure video game developed by Ubi Soft Montreal and published by Ubi Soft Entertainment.", "Hype: The Time Quest __knowledge__ The game, released in the year 1999 along with \"Alex Builds His Farm\" (1999), is based on the medieval castle toy series from Playmobil.", "Hype: The Time Quest __knowledge__ The U.S. version of the Game Boy Color version was supposed to be released in June 2000, but was delayed for over a year for some reason.", "Hype: The Time Quest __knowledge__ The game revolves around Hype, a 22-year-old knight in the service of King Taskan IV, following a quest through time to return to his own era in order to save the kingdom from the evil black knight Barnak.", "Hype: The Time Quest __knowledge__ The game was directed by Alain Tascan and featured thirty-two different voice actors, as well as original music by Robbi Finkel.", "Mojo Rawley __knowledge__ Dean Muhtadi (born July 17, 1986) is an American professional wrestler and former defensive lineman currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Mojo Rawley.", "Mojo Rawley __knowledge__ At T. C. Williams High School in Alexandria, Virginia, Muhtadi was a four-year starter along the defensive and offensive lines.", "Mojo Rawley __knowledge__ He also was the team's punter during his last two years.", "Mojo Rawley __knowledge__ He finished second in the Patriot District in sacks in 2004, and broke the school's all-time punting record with a long of 76 yards against West Springfield High School.", "Mojo Rawley __knowledge__ Throughout his high school playing career, Muhtadi started games at defensive tackle, end, nose guard, and outside linebacker on defense, and at offensive tackle, guard, center, and tight end on offense.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ Halo 3: ODST (\"Orbital Drop Shock Troopers\") is a 2009 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ It is part of the \"Halo\" franchise, and was released on the Xbox 360 video game console on September 22, 2009.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ Players assume the roles of United Nations Space Command soldiers, known as \"Orbital Drop Shock Troopers\" or ODSTs, during and after the events of \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ In the game's campaign mode, players explore the ruined city of New Mombasa to discover what happened to their missing teammates in the midst of an alien invasion.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ In the \"Firefight\" multiplayer option, players battle increasingly difficult waves of enemies to score points and survive as long as possible; \"Halo 3\"s multiplayer is contained on a separate disc packaged with \"ODST\".", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ Halo 4 is a first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The seventh video game installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game was released worldwide in November 2012.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ \"Halo 4\"s story follows a cybernetically enhanced human supersoldier, Master Chief, and his artificial intelligence construct Cortana, as they encounter unknown threats while exploring an ancient civilization's planet.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of Master Chief, who battles remnants of the former military alliance of alien races known as the Covenant and mechanical warriors of the Forerunner empire known as the Prometheans.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ Halo: Reach is a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 home video game console.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The sixth installment in the \"Halo\" series, \"Reach\" was released worldwide in September 2010.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The game takes place in the year 2552, where humanity is locked in a war with the alien Covenant.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ Players control Noble Six, a member of an elite supersoldier squad, when the human world known as Reach falls under Covenant attack.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ After releasing \"Halo 3\" in 2007, Bungie split into teams to develop two different games—what would become \"\" and \"Reach\".", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The developers decided to create a prequel to the original \"Halo\" game trilogy, freeing themselves from the obligation of addressing old story threads.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ The first-person shooter video game \"Halo 3\" was the focus of an extensive marketing campaign which began with the game's developer, Bungie, announcing the game via a trailer at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in May 2006.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Microsoft, the game's publisher, planned a five-pronged marketing strategy to maximize sales and to appeal to casual and hard-core gamers.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Bungie produced trailers and video documentaries to promote the game, partnering with firms such as Digital Domain and Weta Workshop.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Licensed products including action figures, toys, and \"Halo 3\"-branded soda were released in anticipation of the game; the franchise utilized more than forty licensees to promote the game, and the advertising campaign ultimately cost more than $40 million.", "Bungie __knowledge__ Bungie, Inc. is an American video game developer located in Bellevue, Washington, United States.", "Bungie __knowledge__ The company was established in June 1991 as Bungie Software Products Corporation by University of Chicago undergraduate student Alex Seropian, who later brought in programmer Jason Jones after publishing Jones' game \"\".", "Bungie __knowledge__ Originally based in Chicago, Illinois, the company concentrated primarily on Macintosh games during its early years and created two very successful video game franchises called \"Marathon\" and \"Myth\".", "Bungie __knowledge__ A West Coast offshoot, Bungie West, produced \"Oni\", published in 2001 and now owned by Take-Two Interactive, which held a 20% ownership stake at the time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Halo 3 is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for the Xbox 360 console.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The third installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game concludes the story arc begun in 2001's \"\" and continued in 2004's \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was released on September 25, 2007, in Australia, Brazil, India, New Zealand, North America, and Singapore; September 26, 2007, in Europe; and September 27, 2007, in Japan.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ \"Halo 3\"s story centers on the interstellar war between twenty-sixth century humanity and a collection of alien races known as the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of the Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier, as he battles the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game features vehicles, weapons, and gameplay elements not present in previous titles of the series, as well as the addition of saved gameplay films, file sharing, and the Forge map editor—a utility which allows the player to perform modifications to multiplayer levels.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Bungie began developing \"Halo 3\" shortly after \"Halo 2\" shipped.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was officially announced at E3 2006, and its release was preceded by a multiplayer beta open to select players who purchased the Xbox 360 game \"Crackdown\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Microsoft spent $40 million on marketing the game, in an effort to sell more game consoles and broaden the appeal of the game beyond the established \"Halo\" fanbase.", "Unreal Tournament __knowledge__ Unreal Tournament is a first-person shooter video game developed by Epic Games and Digital Extremes.", "Unreal Tournament __knowledge__ The second installment in the \"Unreal\" series, it was first published by GT Interactive in 1999 for Microsoft Windows, and later released on the PlayStation 2 and Dreamcast by Infogrames in 2000 and 2001, respectively.", "Unreal Tournament __knowledge__ Players compete in a series of matches of various types, with the general aim of out-killing opponents.", "Unreal Tournament __knowledge__ The PC version supports multiplayer online or over a local area network.", "Unreal Tournament __knowledge__ Free expansion packs were released, some of which were bundled with a 2000 re-release: Unreal Tournament: Game of the Year Edition.", "Unreal (1998 video game) __knowledge__ Unreal is a first-person shooter video game developed by Epic MegaGames, Digital Extremes, and Legend Entertainment and published by GT Interactive in May 1998.", "Unreal (1998 video game) __knowledge__ It was powered by an original game engine that bears the game's name, and had been in development for over three years in founder Tim Sweeney's garage before the game was released.", "Unreal (1998 video game) __knowledge__ Since the release of \"Unreal\", the franchise has had one and two different series based on the \"Unreal\" universe.", "Unreal (1998 video game) __knowledge__ One official bonus pack, the Epic-released Fusion Map Pack, can be downloaded free of charge.", "Unreal (1998 video game) __knowledge__ \"Unreal Mission Pack: Return to Na Pali\" was released in June 1999, and added 17 new missions to the single player campaign of \"Unreal\".", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ The Unreal Engine is a game engine developed by Epic Games, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter game \"Unreal\".", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ Although primarily developed for first-person shooters, it has been successfully used in a variety of other genres, including stealth, fighting games, MMORPGs, and other RPGs.", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ With its code written in C++, the Unreal Engine features a high degree of portability and is a tool used by many game developers today.", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ It has won several awards, including the Guinness World Records award for \"most successful video game engine.\"", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ The current release is Unreal Engine 4, designed for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, SteamOS, HTML5, iOS, Android, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and virtual reality (SteamVR/HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, PlayStation VR, Google Daydream, OSVR and Samsung Gear VR).", "Unreal Tournament (upcoming video game) __knowledge__ Unreal Tournament is an upcoming first-person shooter video game developed by Epic Games.", "Unreal Tournament (upcoming video game) __knowledge__ It is the ninth installment in the \"Unreal\" franchise, and the first main entry in the series since \"Unreal Tournament 3\" (2007).", "Unreal Tournament (upcoming video game) __knowledge__ The game utilizes Epic's Unreal Engine 4 and will be released for free on Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux.", "Unreal Tournament (upcoming video game) __knowledge__ \"Unreal Tournament\"s development is crowdsourced and open to contribution from anyone.", "Unreal Tournament (upcoming video game) __knowledge__ Epic Games has been using forums for discussions and Twitch livestreams for regular updates.", "Unreal Tournament (upcoming video game) __knowledge__ The source code of the game is published on GitHub.", "Unreal Tournament (upcoming video game) __knowledge__ Gameplay will remain largely unchanged from past iterations of the \"Unreal Tournament\" series.", "Unreal Tournament 2004 __knowledge__ Unreal Tournament 2004 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Epic Games and Digital Extremes.", "Unreal Tournament 2004 __knowledge__ It is part of the \"Unreal\" series, specifically the subseries started by the original \"Unreal Tournament\".", "Unreal Tournament 2004 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to \"Unreal Tournament 2003\".", "Unreal Tournament 2004 __knowledge__ \"Unreal Tournament 2004\" features most of the content of its predecessor.", "Unreal Tournament 2004 __knowledge__ Among significant changes to gameplay mechanics and visual presentation, one of the major additions introduced by \"Unreal Tournament 2004\" is the inclusion of vehicles and the Onslaught game type, allowing for large-scale battles.", "Unreal Tournament 2004 __knowledge__ Its sequel, \"Unreal Tournament 3\", was released on November 19, 2007.", "Unreal Tournament 3 __knowledge__ Unreal Tournament 3 (\"UT3\") is a first-person shooter and online multiplayer video game developed by Epic Games and published by Midway Games in the \"Unreal\" series.", "Unreal Tournament 3 __knowledge__ It was released for Microsoft Windows on November 19, 2007, for the PlayStation 3 on December 11, 2007, and for the Xbox 360 on July 3, 2008.", "Unreal Tournament 3 __knowledge__ \"Unreal Tournament 3\" is the fourth game in the \"Unreal Tournament\" series and the eighth \"Unreal\" game.", "Unreal Tournament 3 __knowledge__ Similar to its predecessors, the game is primarily an online multiplayer title offering several game modes.", "Unreal Tournament 3 __knowledge__ There are eight modes, including Deathmatch, Capture the Flag, as well as modes like Duel, Warfare, Betrayal and Greed.", "Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict __knowledge__ Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict is a first- and third-person shooter video game in the \"Unreal\" series of games.", "Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict __knowledge__ It was developed by Epic Games and published by Midway Games for release on the Xbox games console as a direct sequel to the 2002 game \"Unreal Championship\", which was effectively an Xbox version of the PC game \"Unreal Tournament 2003\".", "Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict __knowledge__ \"Unreal Championship 2\", much more than its predecessor, was designed from the ground up for the Xbox console and takes full advantage of the Xbox Live gaming arena.", "Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict __knowledge__ \"Unreal Championship 2\" features 14 different characters from the \"Unreal\" universe, plus extra characters released in a bonus pack via Xbox Live.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Recurring characters of \"Halo\" are organized below by their respective factions in the fictional universe.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The multimedia franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity under the auspices of the United Nations Space Command or UNSC, and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The artifacts left behind by an ancient race known as the Forerunner play a central role, particularly the massive weapons, dubbed Halos, built to contain the parasitic Flood.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Beginning with developer Bungie's 2001 video game \"\", the franchise expanded to include numerous sequel video games, novels, comics, and other works.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ Halo 3: ODST (\"Orbital Drop Shock Troopers\") is a 2009 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ It is part of the \"Halo\" franchise, and was released on the Xbox 360 video game console on September 22, 2009.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ Players assume the roles of United Nations Space Command soldiers, known as \"Orbital Drop Shock Troopers\" or ODSTs, during and after the events of \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ In the game's campaign mode, players explore the ruined city of New Mombasa to discover what happened to their missing teammates in the midst of an alien invasion.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ In the \"Firefight\" multiplayer option, players battle increasingly difficult waves of enemies to score points and survive as long as possible; \"Halo 3\"s multiplayer is contained on a separate disc packaged with \"ODST\".", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ The first-person shooter video game \"Halo 3\" was the focus of an extensive marketing campaign which began with the game's developer, Bungie, announcing the game via a trailer at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in May 2006.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Microsoft, the game's publisher, planned a five-pronged marketing strategy to maximize sales and to appeal to casual and hard-core gamers.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Bungie produced trailers and video documentaries to promote the game, partnering with firms such as Digital Domain and Weta Workshop.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Licensed products including action figures, toys, and \"Halo 3\"-branded soda were released in anticipation of the game; the franchise utilized more than forty licensees to promote the game, and the advertising campaign ultimately cost more than $40 million.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ Halo 4 is a first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The seventh video game installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game was released worldwide in November 2012.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ \"Halo 4\"s story follows a cybernetically enhanced human supersoldier, Master Chief, and his artificial intelligence construct Cortana, as they encounter unknown threats while exploring an ancient civilization's planet.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of Master Chief, who battles remnants of the former military alliance of alien races known as the Covenant and mechanical warriors of the Forerunner empire known as the Prometheans.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ Halo: Reach is a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 home video game console.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The sixth installment in the \"Halo\" series, \"Reach\" was released worldwide in September 2010.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The game takes place in the year 2552, where humanity is locked in a war with the alien Covenant.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ Players control Noble Six, a member of an elite supersoldier squad, when the human world known as Reach falls under Covenant attack.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ After releasing \"Halo 3\" in 2007, Bungie split into teams to develop two different games—what would become \"\" and \"Reach\".", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The developers decided to create a prequel to the original \"Halo\" game trilogy, freeing themselves from the obligation of addressing old story threads." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Halo 3 is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for the Xbox 360 console.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The third installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game concludes the story arc begun in 2001's \"\" and continued in 2004's \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was released on September 25, 2007, in Australia, Brazil, India, New Zealand, North America, and Singapore; September 26, 2007, in Europe; and September 27, 2007, in Japan.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ \"Halo 3\"s story centers on the interstellar war between twenty-sixth century humanity and a collection of alien races known as the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of the Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier, as he battles the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game features vehicles, weapons, and gameplay elements not present in previous titles of the series, as well as the addition of saved gameplay films, file sharing, and the Forge map editor—a utility which allows the player to perform modifications to multiplayer levels.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Bungie began developing \"Halo 3\" shortly after \"Halo 2\" shipped.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was officially announced at E3 2006, and its release was preceded by a multiplayer beta open to select players who purchased the Xbox 360 game \"Crackdown\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Microsoft spent $40 million on marketing the game, in an effort to sell more game consoles and broaden the appeal of the game beyond the established \"Halo\" fanbase.", "The Nervous Fellas __knowledge__ One of Canada's Rockabilly bands, The Nervous Fellas began in Vancouver, British Columbia around the winter of 1986.", "The Nervous Fellas __knowledge__ The band took its name from the lyrics of a Smiley Lewis song titled \"Real Gone Lover\".", "The Nervous Fellas __knowledge__ Their set list comprised obscure covers from the 1950s and their own original songs.", "The Nervous Fellas __knowledge__ The original lineup with Butch Murphy on vocals, Ronnie Hayward on bass, Chris Colt on guitar and Al Black on drums played mostly in Vancouver and were known for their stage show and fast-paced rockabilly.", "The Nervous Fellas __knowledge__ That lineup changed and by 1988 the band was Butch Murphy on vocals, Mark (Weldon) Twang on guitar, Ronnie Hayward on bass and John (Hansen)Decan on drums.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Criminal procedure in South Africa refers to the adjudication process of that country's criminal law.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It forms part of procedural or adjectival law, and describes the means by which its substantive counterpart, South African criminal law, is applied.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It has its basis mainly in English law.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ When the British occupied the Cape permanently in 1806, they retained the Roman-Dutch legal system.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ They concluded, however, that the criminal justice system was archaic, and so introduced one based on their own in 1828.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It has been developed over the years to suit local conditions.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ The South African system today is basically accusatorial: that is, the state accuses and the accused defends.", "1960 in the Vietnam War __knowledge__ In 1960, the oft-expressed optimism of the United States and the Government of South Vietnam that the Viet Cong were nearly defeated proved mistaken.", "1960 in the Vietnam War __knowledge__ Instead the Viet Cong became a growing threat and security forces attempted to cope with Viet Cong attacks, assassinations of local officials, and efforts to control villages and rural areas.", "1960 in the Vietnam War __knowledge__ Throughout the year, the U.S. struggled with the reality that much of the training it had provided to the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) during the previous five years had not been relevant to combating an insurgency.", "1960 in the Vietnam War __knowledge__ The U.S. changed its policy to allow the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) to begin providing anti-guerrilla training to ARVN and the paramilitary Civil Guard.", "Lyndon B. Johnson __knowledge__ Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after serving as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.", "Lyndon B. Johnson __knowledge__ A Democrat from Texas, he also served as a United States Representative and as the Majority Leader in the United States Senate.", "Lyndon B. Johnson __knowledge__ Johnson is one of only four people who have served in all four federal elected positions.", "Lyndon B. Johnson __knowledge__ Born in a farmhouse in Stonewall, Texas, Johnson was a high school teacher and worked as a Congressional aide before winning election to the House of Representatives in 1937.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (; 8 May 1938 – 10 March 2012) was a French artist, cartoonist and writer who worked in the Franco-Belgian \"bandes dessinées\" (BD) tradition.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Giraud garnered worldwide acclaim predominantly under the pseudonym Mœbius (; ) and to a lesser extent Gir (), which he used for the \"Blueberry\" series and his Western themed paintings.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Esteemed by Federico Fellini, Stan Lee and Hayao Miyazaki among others, he has been described as the most influential artist after Hergé.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ His most famous works include the series \"Blueberry\", created with writer Jean-Michel Charlier, featuring one of the first anti-heroes in Western comics.", "César Franck __knowledge__ César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck (10 December 1822 – 8 November 1890) was a composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher who worked in Paris during his adult life.", "César Franck __knowledge__ He was born at Liège, in what is now Belgium (though at the time of his birth it was part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands).", "César Franck __knowledge__ He gave his first concerts there in 1834 and studied privately in Paris from 1835, where his teachers included Anton Reicha.", "César Franck __knowledge__ After a brief return to Belgium, and a disastrous reception to an early oratorio \"Ruth\", he moved to Paris, where he married and embarked on a career as teacher and organist.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ Halo 3: ODST (\"Orbital Drop Shock Troopers\") is a 2009 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ It is part of the \"Halo\" franchise, and was released on the Xbox 360 video game console on September 22, 2009.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ Players assume the roles of United Nations Space Command soldiers, known as \"Orbital Drop Shock Troopers\" or ODSTs, during and after the events of \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ In the game's campaign mode, players explore the ruined city of New Mombasa to discover what happened to their missing teammates in the midst of an alien invasion.", "Halo 3: ODST __knowledge__ In the \"Firefight\" multiplayer option, players battle increasingly difficult waves of enemies to score points and survive as long as possible; \"Halo 3\"s multiplayer is contained on a separate disc packaged with \"ODST\".", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Recurring characters of \"Halo\" are organized below by their respective factions in the fictional universe.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The multimedia franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity under the auspices of the United Nations Space Command or UNSC, and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The artifacts left behind by an ancient race known as the Forerunner play a central role, particularly the massive weapons, dubbed Halos, built to contain the parasitic Flood.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Beginning with developer Bungie's 2001 video game \"\", the franchise expanded to include numerous sequel video games, novels, comics, and other works.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ Halo 4 is a first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The seventh video game installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game was released worldwide in November 2012.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ \"Halo 4\"s story follows a cybernetically enhanced human supersoldier, Master Chief, and his artificial intelligence construct Cortana, as they encounter unknown threats while exploring an ancient civilization's planet.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of Master Chief, who battles remnants of the former military alliance of alien races known as the Covenant and mechanical warriors of the Forerunner empire known as the Prometheans.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ The first-person shooter video game \"Halo 3\" was the focus of an extensive marketing campaign which began with the game's developer, Bungie, announcing the game via a trailer at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in May 2006.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Microsoft, the game's publisher, planned a five-pronged marketing strategy to maximize sales and to appeal to casual and hard-core gamers.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Bungie produced trailers and video documentaries to promote the game, partnering with firms such as Digital Domain and Weta Workshop.", "Marketing of Halo 3 __knowledge__ Licensed products including action figures, toys, and \"Halo 3\"-branded soda were released in anticipation of the game; the franchise utilized more than forty licensees to promote the game, and the advertising campaign ultimately cost more than $40 million.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ Halo: Reach is a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 home video game console.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The sixth installment in the \"Halo\" series, \"Reach\" was released worldwide in September 2010.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The game takes place in the year 2552, where humanity is locked in a war with the alien Covenant.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ Players control Noble Six, a member of an elite supersoldier squad, when the human world known as Reach falls under Covenant attack.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ After releasing \"Halo 3\" in 2007, Bungie split into teams to develop two different games—what would become \"\" and \"Reach\".", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The developers decided to create a prequel to the original \"Halo\" game trilogy, freeing themselves from the obligation of addressing old story threads." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Halo 3 was a great first person shooter", "Halo 3 is from 2007, i loved that game", "yea i loved halo 3, bungies greatest shooter", "Yea halo 3 was onyl for xbox 360 and was amazing" ]

[ "Halo 3", "Halo 3", "Halo 3", "Halo 3" ]

[ "Plantation", "Really? Like you picked tobacco and things like that?", "Wow that's so different from my life growing up. Did you learn how to use a tractor and other things?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.", "Plantation __knowledge__ The crops grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located.", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas were often quite grand and expensive architectural works.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Like every economic activity, it has changed over time.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Industrial plantations are established to produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.", "Plantation __knowledge__ The crops grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located.", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas were often quite grand and expensive architectural works.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Like every economic activity, it has changed over time.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Industrial plantations are established to produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time.", "Álvaro Negredo __knowledge__ Álvaro Negredo Sánchez (; born 20 August 1985) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Turkish club Beşiktaş.", "Álvaro Negredo __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"La fiera de Vallecas\" (The beast of Vallecas), his early career was associated with Real Madrid, although he could never become a part of its first-team setup, going on to represent other clubs in his country, with his longest spell being at Sevilla.", "Álvaro Negredo __knowledge__ Over the course of eight seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 264 games and 112 goals.", "Álvaro Negredo __knowledge__ Negredo has earned 21 caps for Spain, scoring ten goals and was part of the team that won Euro 2012.", "Álvaro Negredo __knowledge__ Born in Madrid, Negredo started his career at local Rayo Vallecano, making his professional debuts in early 2005 with the club in Segunda División B.", "2014 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ The 2014 Football League Cup Final was a football match that took place on 2 March 2014 at Wembley Stadium, London.", "2014 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ It was the final match of the 2013–14 Football League Cup, the 54th season of the Football League Cup, a football competition for the 92 teams in the Premier League and The Football League.", "2014 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ The match was contested by Premier League clubs Manchester City and Sunderland.", "2014 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ Manchester City appeared in their fourth League Cup final, and made their sixth Wembley visit since 2011.", "2014 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ Sunderland appeared in their second League Cup final, their first visit to Wembley since 1998 when they lost to Charlton Athletic in the First Division play-off final.", "Tobacco advertising __knowledge__ Tobacco advertising is the advertising of tobacco products or use (typically cigarette smoking) by the tobacco industry through a variety of media including sponsorship, particularly of sporting events.", "Tobacco advertising __knowledge__ It is now one of the most highly regulated forms of marketing.", "Tobacco advertising __knowledge__ Some or all forms of tobacco advertising are banned in many countries.", "Tobacco advertising __knowledge__ The first known advertisement in the United States was for the snuff and tobacco products of P. Lorillard and Company and was placed in the New York daily paper in 1789.", "Tobacco advertising __knowledge__ Advertising was an emerging concept, and tobacco-related advertisements were not seen as any different from those for other products: tobacco's negative impact on health was unknown at the time.", "Tobacco (Last Week Tonight) __knowledge__ \"Tobacco\" is a segment of the HBO news satire television series \"Last Week Tonight with John Oliver\" about the tobacco industry.", "Tobacco (Last Week Tonight) __knowledge__ It first aired on February 15, 2015, as part of the second episode of the series' second season.", "Tobacco (Last Week Tonight) __knowledge__ During the eighteen-minute segment, comedian John Oliver discusses tobacco industry trends and practices.", "Tobacco (Last Week Tonight) __knowledge__ Toward the end of the segment, Oliver introduces Jeff the Diseased Lung, a mascot he created for the American global cigarette and tobacco company Philip Morris International, the makers of Marlboro cigarettes.", "Tobacco (Last Week Tonight) __knowledge__ The anthropomorphic diseased lung, who smokes and coughs, has been compared to Joe Camel and the Marlboro Man.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Good Game is an Australian television gaming programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), which aired on ABC2.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Created by Janet Carr, Jeremy Ray and Michael Makowski.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show began in 2006 and includes a mix of gaming news, reviews, and features.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The original hosts were Jeremy \"Junglist\" Ray and Michael \"Kapowski\" Makowski; the latter was replaced by Steven \"Bajo\" O'Donnell in 2007, and the former was replaced by Stephanie \"Hex\" Bendixsen in 2009.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Other on screen presenters included field reporter Gus \"Goose\" Ronald and Dave Callan.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show is named after the friendly phrase gamers traditionally say after completing a competitive match.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.", "Smoking __knowledge__ Most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a small, round cylinder called a \"cigarette\".", "Smoking __knowledge__ Smoking is primarily practiced as a route of administration for recreational drug use because the combustion of the dried plant leaves vaporizes and delivers active substances into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and reach bodily tissue.", "Smoking __knowledge__ In the case of cigarette smoking these substances are contained in a mixture of aerosol particles and gasses and include the pharmacologically active alkaloid nicotine; the vaporization creates heated aerosol and gas to form that allows inhalation and deep penetration into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream of the active substances occurs.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ Plantation complexes in the Southern United States refers to the built environment (or complex) that was common on agricultural plantations in the American South from the 17th into the 20th century.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ The complex included everything from the main residence down to the pens for livestock.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ A plantation originally denoted a settlement in which settlers were \"planted\" to establish a colonial base.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ Southern plantations were generally self-sufficient settlements that relied on the forced labor of slaves, similar to the way that a medieval manorial estate relied upon the forced labor of serfs.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ Today, as was also true in the past, there is a wide range of opinion as to what differentiated a plantation from a farm.", "Cash crop __knowledge__ A cash crop is an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit.", "Cash crop __knowledge__ It is typically purchased by parties separate from a farm.", "Cash crop __knowledge__ The term is used to differentiate marketed crops from subsistence crops, which are those fed to the producer's own livestock or grown as food for the producer's family.", "Cash crop __knowledge__ In earlier times cash crops were usually only a small (but vital) part of a farm's total yield, while today, especially in developed countries, almost all crops are mainly grown for revenue.", "Cash crop __knowledge__ In the least developed countries, cash crops are usually crops which attract demand in more developed nations, and hence have some export value.", "Agriculture in Haiti __knowledge__ Agriculture continued to be the mainstay of the economy of Haiti in the late 1980s; it employed approximately 66 percent of the labor force and accounted for about 35 percent of GDP and for 24 percent of exports in 1987.", "Agriculture in Haiti __knowledge__ The role of agriculture in the economy has declined severely since the 1950s, when the sector employed 80 percent of the labor force, represented 50 percent of GDP, and contributed 90 percent of exports.", "Agriculture in Haiti __knowledge__ Many factors have contributed to this decline.", "Agriculture in Haiti __knowledge__ Some of the major ones included the continuing fragmentation of landholdings, low levels of agricultural technology, migration out of rural areas, insecure land tenure, a lack of capital investment, high commodity taxes, the low productivity of undernourished animals, plant diseases, and inadequate infrastructure.", "Agriculture in Malawi __knowledge__ The main economic products of Malawi are tobacco, tea, cotton, groundnuts, sugar and coffee.", "Agriculture in Malawi __knowledge__ These have been among the main cash crops for the last century, but tobacco has become increasingly predominant in the last quarter-century, with a production in 2011 of 175,000 tonnes.", "Agriculture in Malawi __knowledge__ Over the last century, tea and groundnuts have increased in relative importance while cotton has decreased.", "Agriculture in Malawi __knowledge__ The main food crops are maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, sorghum, bananas, rice,and Irish potatoes and cattle, sheep and goats are raised.", "Agriculture in Malawi __knowledge__ The main industries deal with agricultural processing of tobacco, tea and sugar and timber products.", "Bermuda Hundred, Virginia __knowledge__ Bermuda Hundred was the first incorporated town in the English colony of Virginia.", "Bermuda Hundred, Virginia __knowledge__ It was founded by Sir Thomas Dale in 1613, six years after Jamestown.", "Bermuda Hundred, Virginia __knowledge__ At the southwestern edge of the confluence of the Appomattox and James Rivers opposite City Point, annexed to Hopewell, Virginia in 1923, Bermuda Hundred was a port town for many years.", "Bermuda Hundred, Virginia __knowledge__ The terminology \"Bermuda Hundred\" also included a large area adjacent to the town.", "Bermuda Hundred, Virginia __knowledge__ In the colonial era, \"hundreds\" were large developments of many acres, arising from the English term to define an area which would support one hundred homesteads.", "Bermuda Hundred, Virginia __knowledge__ The port at the town of Bermuda Hundred was intended to serve other \"hundreds\" in addition to Bermuda Hundred.", "Sierra Norte de Puebla __knowledge__ The Sierra Norte de Puebla is a rugged mountainous region accounting for the northern third of the state of Puebla, Mexico.", "Sierra Norte de Puebla __knowledge__ It is at the intersection of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Sierra Madre Oriental, between the Mexican Plateau and the Gulf of Mexico coast.", "Sierra Norte de Puebla __knowledge__ From the Mesoamerican period to the 19th century, this area was part of a larger region called Totonacapan, and area dominated by the Totonac people, extending further east to the Gulf of Mexico.", "Sierra Norte de Puebla __knowledge__ Political maneuvers to weaken the Totonacs led to the region being divided between the modern states of Puebla and Veracruz with the Puebla section given its current name.", "Women and agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa __knowledge__ Women and agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa refers to the agricultural system in Sub-Saharan Africa that is predominantly small-scale farming system with more than 50% of the agricultural activity performed by women, producing about 60-70% of the food in this region.", "Women and agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa __knowledge__ While women provide the majority of the labor in agricultural production, their access and control over productive resources is greatly constrained due to inequalities constructed by patriarchal norms.", "Women and agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa __knowledge__ Women play a critical role in food security in this region by fulfilling their role as food providers.", "Women and agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa __knowledge__ There are 3 basic variants of household food production systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: 1) Women are responsible for production of all or most food crops." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.", "Plantation __knowledge__ The crops grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located.", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas were often quite grand and expensive architectural works.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Like every economic activity, it has changed over time.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Industrial plantations are established to produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time.", "Tractor __knowledge__ A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction.", "Tractor __knowledge__ Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, but nowadays a great variety of tasks.", "Tractor __knowledge__ Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.", "Tractor __knowledge__ The word \"tractor\" was taken from Latin, being the agent noun of \"trahere\" \"to pull\".", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Fordson __knowledge__ Fordson was a brand name of tractors and trucks.", "Fordson __knowledge__ It was used on a range of mass-produced general-purpose tractors manufactured by Henry Ford & Son Inc from 1917 to 1920, by Ford Motor Company (U.S.) and Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) from 1920 to 1928, and by Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) from 1929 to 1964.", "Fordson __knowledge__ They later also built trucks under the Fordson brand.", "Fordson __knowledge__ American engineer, inventor, and businessman Henry Ford built experimental tractors from automobile components during the early 20th century, and launched a prototype known as the Model B in August 1915.", "Fordson __knowledge__ Further prototypes, with a dedicated tractor design, followed in 1916.", "Two-wheel tractor __knowledge__ Two-wheel tractor or walking tractor are generic terms understood in the USA and in parts of Europe to represent a single-axle tractor, which is a tractor with one axle, self-powered and self-propelled, which can pull and power various farm implements such as a trailer, cultivator or harrow, a plough, or various seeders and harvesters.", "Two-wheel tractor __knowledge__ The operator usually walks behind it or rides the implement being towed.", "Two-wheel tractor __knowledge__ Similar terms are mistakenly applied to the household rotary tiller or power tiller; although these may be wheeled and/or self-propelled, they are not tailored for towing implements.", "Two-wheel tractor __knowledge__ A two-wheeled tractor specializes in pulling any of numerous types of implements, whereas rotary tillers specialize in soil tillage with their dedicated digging tools.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ A product of the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution of the late 1960s, several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical's profanity, its depiction of the use of illegal drugs, its treatment of sexuality, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical broke new ground in musical theatre by defining the genre of \"rock musical\", using a racially integrated cast, and inviting the audience onstage for a \"Be-In\" finale.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ The tendency of the rate of profit to fall (TRPF) is a hypothesis in economics and political economy, most famously expounded by Karl Marx in chapter 13 of \"Capital, Volume III\".", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Although not accepted in 20th century mainstream economics, the existence of such a tendency was widely noted throughout the 19th century.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Economists as diverse as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, David Ricardo and Stanley Jevons referred explicitly to the TRPF as an empirical phenomenon that needed to be explained.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ They differed in the reasons they gave for why the TRPF might necessarily occur.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ In his 1857 \"Grundrisse\" manuscript, Karl Marx called the tendency of the rate of profit to fall \"the most important law of political economy\" and sought to give a causal explanation for it, in terms of his theory of capital accumulation.", "List of Dragonlance deities __knowledge__ The \"Dragonlance\" deities, also commonly referred to as gods, are the high powers of the fictional world of Krynn, where the \"Dragonlance\" campaign setting takes place.", "List of Dragonlance deities __knowledge__ They differ from the gods of other Dungeons & Dragons campaign settings in that the gods themselves do not have d20 mechanics.", "List of Dragonlance deities __knowledge__ However, their aspects, the way they manifest into the world, do.", "List of Dragonlance deities __knowledge__ The gods of Krynn are formless, and represent a particular aspect of creation.", "List of Dragonlance deities __knowledge__ They periodically send messengers, omens, visions, and their own aspects to the world.", "List of Dragonlance deities __knowledge__ The gods of Krynn never bring their full essence into the world.", "List of Dragonlance deities __knowledge__ The gods of Krynn are very active in the lives of the people of Krynn.", "Ecosystem __knowledge__ An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.", "Ecosystem __knowledge__ These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.", "Ecosystem __knowledge__ As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).", "Ecosystem __knowledge__ Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem.", "Islamic banking and finance __knowledge__ Islamic banking or Islamic finance () or sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics.", "Islamic banking and finance __knowledge__ Some of the modes of Islamic banking/finance include \"Mudarabah\" (Profit sharing and loss bearing), \"Wadiah\" (safekeeping), \"Musharaka\" (joint venture), \"Murabahah\" (cost plus), and \"Ijar\" (leasing).", "Islamic banking and finance __knowledge__ Sharia prohibits \"riba\", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to \"riba\").", "Islamic banking and finance __knowledge__ Investment in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to Islamic principles (e.g.", "Paul Martin (Lassie) __knowledge__ Paul Martin is a fictional character on the long-running television series \"Lassie\" (1954–1973).", "Paul Martin (Lassie) __knowledge__ Paul is a farmer, and the husband of Ruth, a housewife.", "Paul Martin (Lassie) __knowledge__ The couple are adoptive parents of Timmy, a foster child living on a small farm in the American midwest that the couple purchase.", "Paul Martin (Lassie) __knowledge__ Paul is depicted as a sober, industrious, brave, and intelligent man who attends church, is a volunteer firefighter, and a member of the Grange.", "Paul Martin (Lassie) __knowledge__ In the show's fourth-season episode \"The Ring\", his uncle, Petrie Martin of Millvale, Pennsylvania, joins him on the farm to help with the work.", "Paul Martin (Lassie) __knowledge__ The creation of Paul Martin came at a critical time in the show's history and permitted a new storyline to develop that proved popular with audiences.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ Factors causing the divide can vary depending on the country and culture, as can the potential solutions for minimizing or closing the divide.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The following is a list of countries that have a digital divide along with contributing factors and steps the country is taking to resolve the issue.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The digital divide in Argentina is the term used to describe the technological and connectivity gap between different demographics and regions, specifically the gaps present in the country of Argentina." ] ]

[ 1, 52, 10 ]

[ "I was raised on a plantation. Our main focus was cash crops.", "We did grow things like that and sold them for a profit. ", "I did, as it was an industrial plantation where we produced tons of wood quickly." ]

[ "Plantation", "Plantation", "Plantation" ]

[ "Chocolate\nChocolate is my favorite flavor especially on ice creams.Do you like chocolate?", "The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.Thats how chocolate is made.Which one is your favorite white or brown?", "As long back as 1900 BCE!!! As of today Chocolate has become one of the most popular food types and flavors in the world!!!", "I have not seen them in person.Although cocoa originated in the Americas, recent years have seen African nations assuming a leading role in producing cocoa.Its becoming popular worlwide", "Thats the way I eat it too...I can imagine myself with a big cacao tree seed in my dish" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Neapolitan ice cream __knowledge__ Neapolitan ice cream, sometimes known as harlequin ice cream, is a flavor made up of three separate blocks of vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry ice cream arranged side by side in the same container (typically with no packaging in between).", "Neapolitan ice cream __knowledge__ Some brands intermix the flavors more, though the separate flavors are still clearly visible.", "Neapolitan ice cream __knowledge__ Neapolitan ice cream was named in the late 19th century as a reflection of its presumed origins in the cuisine of the Italian city of Naples, and the many Neapolitan immigrants who brought their expertise in frozen desserts with them to the United States.", "Neapolitan ice cream __knowledge__ Spumone was introduced to the United States in the 1870s as Neapolitan-style ice cream.", "Choctál __knowledge__ Choctál LLC is a single-origin ice cream company that produces four varieties of chocolate and four varieties of vanilla in pints and 4-ounce single-serve cups.", "Choctál __knowledge__ The 4-ounce cups are also packaged separately in Chocolate and Vanilla Tours.", "Choctál __knowledge__ (4 cups per package).", "Choctál __knowledge__ Choctál is known for being the only single-origin ice cream company; each type of ice cream is made from a single variety of cacao or vanilla beans, creating more complex flavor than traditional ice cream.", "Choctál __knowledge__ Single origin is a concept often found in coffee.", "Choctál __knowledge__ Choctál is headquartered in Pasadena, California.", "Choctál __knowledge__ The ice cream is produced in Cedarburg, Wisconsin with no artificial additives, eggs, or gluten and rBST-free milk.", "The Licktators __knowledge__ The Licktators is an ice cream manufacturing company located in London that has been described by the high-end department store Selfridges, as “more Sid and Nancy than Ben & Jerry”.", "The Licktators __knowledge__ It was founded by Matt O’Connor, formerly of The Icecreamists.", "The Licktators __knowledge__ He uses different flavors and textures to create his ice creams such as donated breast milk, bread, roses, and absinthe.", "The Licktators __knowledge__ The company once served a three-course Sundae Lunch which featured pea, beef, and horseradish flavors.", "The Licktators __knowledge__ The company gained notoriety in 2011 for its “Baby Gaga” breast milk ice cream, which is made with donated breast milk.", "The Licktators __knowledge__ In 2015 they collaborated with the band, Blur, to create an ice cream flavor based on their album, The Magic Whip.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ Shanks & Bigfoot were a British duo of UK garage producers Steven Meade and Danny Langsman, known principally for their single \"Sweet Like Chocolate\", which topped the UK Singles Chart in 1999.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ They were originally known as Doolally, recording the pirate anthem \"Straight from the Heart\" under this name in 1998.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ Upon its first release, \"Straight from the Heart\" peaked at number twenty on the UK chart.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ It was subsequently re-released in 1999 on the back of their chart success with \"Sweet Like Chocolate\", and reached number nine on the chart.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ The single \"Sweet Like Chocolate\" was a success even before commercial release, receiving months of club play before debuting at number one on the UK Singles Chart, where it remained for two weeks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, along with smell (olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food or other substances.", "Taste __knowledge__ Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis.", "Taste __knowledge__ The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ \"Cacao necrosis virus\" (CNV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the genus \"nepovirus\" that infects \"Theobroma cacao\" en natura causing cacao necrosis disease.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ CNV is considered synonymous with Strain S of cacao swollen shoot virus.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ Unlike cacao swollen-shoot virus, it is not transmitted by mealybugs nor vectored by aphids, beetles or leafhoppers that also commonly infest cacao.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ It is serologically, distantly related to Tomato black ring virus and very distantly related to Hungarian Chrome Mosaic virus.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ Cacao necrosis virus is restricted to systemic infection of \"Theobroma cacao\" in nature.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ Symptoms on cacao include an acute stage showing translucent veinal necrosis of leaves, necrotic or chlorotic spots of leaves, defoliation, and dieback of shoots that rarely leads to seedling death if infected by the Ghanaian isolate.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Dessert () is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The course usually consists of sweet foods, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine or liqueur, but may include coffee, cheeses, nuts, or other savory items.", "Dessert __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, such as much of central and western Africa, and most parts of China, there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The term \"dessert\" can apply to many confections, such as cakes, tarts, cookies, biscuits, gelatins, pastries, ice creams, pies, puddings, custards, and sweet soups.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Indus Valley Civilisation __knowledge__ The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.", "Indus Valley Civilisation __knowledge__ Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early cradles of civilisations of the Old World, and of the three, the most widespread.", "Indus Valley Civilisation __knowledge__ Aridification of this region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial spur for the urbanisation associated with the civilisation, but eventually also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise, and to scatter its population eastward.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ The history of science and technology in the Indian Subcontinent begins with prehistoric human activity in the Indus Valley Civilization to early states and empires.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ Following independence, science and technology in the Republic of India has included automobile engineering, information technology, communications as well as space, polar, and nuclear sciences.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ By 5500 BCE a number of sites similar to Mehrgarh had appeared, forming the basis of later chalcolithic cultures.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ The inhabitants of these sites maintained trading relations with Near East and Central Asia.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ This was developed in the Indus Valley Civilization by around 4500 BCE.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles the flavoring is often loose in the cup.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Some instant noodle products are seal packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Dried noodle blocks are cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The main ingredients used in dried noodles are usually wheat flour, palm oil, and salt.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "History of India __knowledge__ The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the advancement of civilisation from the Indus Valley Civilisation to the eventual blending of the Indo-Aryan culture to form the Vedic Civilisation; the rise of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than three millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dominions during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders and privateers, resulting in the establishment of British India; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ Indo-Aryan migration models discuss scenarios around the theory of an origin from outside South Asia of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ascribed ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of North India.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ Proponents of Indo-Aryan origin outside of South Asia generally consider migrations into the region and Anatolia (ancient Mitanni) from Central Asia to have started around 1500 BCE, as a slow diffusion during the Late Harappan period, which led to a language shift in northern South Asia.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ The Iranian languages were brought into Iran by the Iranians, who were closely related to the Indo-Aryans.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages.", "Lothal __knowledge__ Lothal () is one of the most prominent cities of the ancient Indus valley civilization, located in the Bhāl region of the modern state of Gujarāt and dating from 3700 BCE.", "Lothal __knowledge__ Discovered in 1954, Lothal was excavated from 13 February 1955 to 19 May 1960 by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the official Indian government agency for the preservation of ancient monuments.", "Lothal __knowledge__ Lothal's dock—the world's earliest known—connected the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river on the trade route between Harappan cities in Sindh and the peninsula of Saurashtra when the surrounding Kutch desert of today was a part of the Arabian Sea." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Fair trade cocoa is an agricultural product harvested from the cacao tree using a certified process which is followed by cocoa farmers, buyers, and chocolate manufacturers, and is designed to create sustainable incomes for farmers and their families.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Companies that use fair trade certified cocoa to create products can advertise that they are contributing to social, economic, and environmental sustainability in agriculture.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ In the 1990s, approximately 90 percent of the world’s cocoa was produced on small, family managed farms, primarily in West Africa and Latin America.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Local collectors and intermediaries purchase and transport the cocoa to exporters and processors.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Child labor in cocoa production __knowledge__ The widespread use of children in cocoa production is controversial, not only for the concerns about child labor and exploitation, but also because, as of 2015, up to 19,000 children working in Côte d'Ivoire, the world's biggest producer of cocoa, may have been victims of trafficking or slavery.", "Child labor in cocoa production __knowledge__ Most attention on this subject has focused on West Africa, which collectively supplies 69 percent of the world's cocoa, and Côte d'Ivoire in particular, which supplies 35 percent of the world's cocoa.", "Child labor in cocoa production __knowledge__ Thirty percent of children under age 15 in sub-Saharan Africa are child laborers, mostly in agricultural activities including cocoa farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Members of the movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets (e.g.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Brazil, India and Bangladesh) most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ The Federal Republic of Nigeria , commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ Nigeria has been home to a number of kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and took its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The history of chocolate in Spain is part of the culinary history of Spain as understood since the 16th century, when the colonization of the Americas began and the cocoa plant was discovered in regions of Mesoamerica, until the present.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ After the conquest of Mexico, cocoa as a commodity travelled by boat from the port of Nueva España to the Spanish coast.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The first such voyage to Europe occurred at an unknown date in the 1520s.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ However it was only in the 17th century that regular trade began from the port of Veracruz, opening a maritime trade route that would supply the new demand from Spain, and later from other European countries.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ Aztec cuisine was the cuisine of the Aztec Empire and the Nahua peoples of the Valley of Mexico prior to European contact in 1519.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ The most important staple was corn (maize), a crop that was so important to Aztec society that it played a central part in their mythology.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ Just like wheat in much of Europe or rice in most of East Asia, it was the food without which a meal was not a meal.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ It came in varieties that differed in color, texture, size and prestige, and was eaten as corn tortillas, tamales or \"ātōlli\", maize gruel.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ The other constants of Aztec food were salt and chili peppers and the basic definition of Aztec fasting was to abstain from these two flavors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The history of chocolate in Spain is part of the culinary history of Spain as understood since the 16th century, when the colonization of the Americas began and the cocoa plant was discovered in regions of Mesoamerica, until the present.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ After the conquest of Mexico, cocoa as a commodity travelled by boat from the port of Nueva España to the Spanish coast.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The first such voyage to Europe occurred at an unknown date in the 1520s.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ However it was only in the 17th century that regular trade began from the port of Veracruz, opening a maritime trade route that would supply the new demand from Spain, and later from other European countries.", "Cacao swollen-shoot virus __knowledge__ Cacao swollen-shoot virus (CSSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Caulimoviridae that primarily infects cacao trees.", "Cacao swollen-shoot virus __knowledge__ It decreases cacao yield within the first year of infection, and usually kills the tree within a few years.", "Cacao swollen-shoot virus __knowledge__ Symptoms vary by strain, but leaf discoloration, stem/root swelling, and die-back generally occur.", "Cacao swollen-shoot virus __knowledge__ The virus is transmitted from tree to tree by mealybug vectors.", "Cacao swollen-shoot virus __knowledge__ It was first discovered in Ghana in 1936, and is currently endemic in Togo, Ghana and Nigeria.", "Cacao swollen-shoot virus __knowledge__ Over 200 million trees have already been claimed by this disease, which has prompted Ghana to launch the most ambitious and costly eradication effort of any country in the world against a viral plant disease.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 6, 7, 11 ]

[ "I absolutely love it! It comes from the Theobroma cacao plant and is usually a sweet and brown preparation of deliciousness. I just had a dipped ice cream last night actually. ", "I enjoy brown, but I do like a good quality white sometimes too. I find it fascinating that there is evidence of use of chocolate dating back to 1900 BCE in Mexico.", "Have you ever had the seeds from the cacao tree? Before they are processed they are pretty bitter and are fermented before being processed into chocolate.", "Really? I had no idea. I've had them raw before, they're suppose to be very healthy. But usually I eat it after it's dried, cleaned and roasted and turned to regular chocolate. ", "They kinda small actually, with many seeds in a much larger pod. I like to eat baking chocolate sometimes too, its bitter and has cocoa solids and butter. " ]

[ "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate" ]

[ "Plantation", "I have, but I have never been on one", "That all sounds good to me, I did not know coffee was grown!", "Ah that makes more sense, sort of like cocoa beans I guess?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.", "Plantation __knowledge__ The crops grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located.", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas were often quite grand and expensive architectural works.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Like every economic activity, it has changed over time.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Industrial plantations are established to produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.", "Plantation __knowledge__ The crops grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located.", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas were often quite grand and expensive architectural works.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Like every economic activity, it has changed over time.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Industrial plantations are established to produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ \"Best Thing I Never Had\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records on June 1, 2011, as the third single from the album.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ \"Best Thing I Never Had\" was composed by Patrick \"J. Que\" Smith, Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, Symbolyc One, Caleb McCambpell, Antonio Dixon, Beyoncé, and Shea Taylor.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ The song was originally not written as a ballad, but was inspired by the drumming on Doug E. Fresh's 1985 single \"The Show\".", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ Beyoncé said that both men and women should be able to relate to the song.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ A pop and R&B ballad, the subjects of \"Best Thing I Never Had\" are revenge and karma.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ Never Say Never Again is a 1983 James Bond spy film starring Sean Connery, directed by Irvin Kershner, produced by Jack Schwartzman, and written by Lorenzo Semple Jr. with uncredited additional co-writers Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais, from a story by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Ian Fleming.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ It is the second adaptation of Fleming's \"Thunderball\", which was previously adapted as the 1965 film of the same name.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ Unlike the majority of James Bond films, \"Never Say Never Again\" was not produced by Eon Productions, but by an independent production company, one of whose members was Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the \"Thunderball\" story, who retained the filming rights of the novel following a legal dispute over them.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Love Never Dies is a romantic musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Glenn Slater and a book by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the long-running musical \"The Phantom of the Opera\" loosely adapted from the 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", by Forsyth.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ The plot is not based on the storyline in the original book by Gaston Leroux.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Lloyd Webber stated: \"I don't regard this as a sequel—it's a stand-alone piece.\"", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ He later clarified: \"Clearly, it is a sequel, but I really do not believe that you have to have seen \"Phantom of the Opera\" to understand \"Love Never Dies\".\"", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Never Say Never is the second studio album by American singer Brandy.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Released by Atlantic Records on June 9, 1998 in United States, Norwood's label consulted David Foster and upcoming producer Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins and his team to work with her on the record, the latter of who went on to craft the majority of the album and would evolve as her mentor and head producer on succeeding projects in the 2000s.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ The lyrical themes on the album include the singer's personal experiences with love, monogamy, media bias, and maturity.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Influenced by Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston, Norwood wanted to present a more mature facet of herself with the album, incorporating a ballad-heavy style and an adult contemporary feel into her urban-pop sound for the album.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Sharpe is a series of historical fiction stories by Bernard Cornwell centred on the character of Richard Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Cornwell's series (composed of several novels and short stories) charts Sharpe's progress in the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Director Tom Clegg filmed the television series Sharpe based on the novels by Bernard Cornwell starring Sean Bean as Richard Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ The series originally ran from 1993 to 1997.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ In 2006, ITV premiered \"Sharpe's Challenge\", a two-part adventure loosely based on his time in India, with Sean Bean continuing his role as Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ In both the novels and television series, Sharpe encountered many characters, some real and some fictional.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ Never Let Me Go is a 2010 British dystopian romantic drama film based on Kazuo Ishiguro's 2005 novel of the same name.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Mark Romanek from a screenplay by Alex Garland.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ \"Never Let Me Go\" is set in an alternative history and centres on Kathy, Ruth and Tommy portrayed by Carey Mulligan, Keira Knightley and Andrew Garfield respectively, who become entangled in a love triangle.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in April 2009 and lasted several weeks.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ The movie was filmed at various locations, including Andrew Melville Hall.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ \"Never Let Me Go\" was produced by DNA Films and Film4 on a US$15 million budget.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ Plantation complexes in the Southern United States refers to the built environment (or complex) that was common on agricultural plantations in the American South from the 17th into the 20th century.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ The complex included everything from the main residence down to the pens for livestock.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ A plantation originally denoted a settlement in which settlers were \"planted\" to establish a colonial base.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ Southern plantations were generally self-sufficient settlements that relied on the forced labor of slaves, similar to the way that a medieval manorial estate relied upon the forced labor of serfs.", "Plantation complexes in the Southern United States __knowledge__ Today, as was also true in the past, there is a wide range of opinion as to what differentiated a plantation from a farm.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ The Big Pineapple is a heritage-listed tourist attraction at Nambour Connection Road, Woombye, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It was designed by Peddle Thorp and Harvey, Paul Luff, and Gary Smallcombe and Associates.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It is also known as Sunshine Plantation.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 March 2009.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ The 2-level Big Pineapple is 16 metres high and was originally opened on 15 August 1971.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It is situated on a 165 hectare site.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ Under new ownership the owners are facilitating new attractions such as the award-winning Big Pineapple Music Festival and the Big Pineapple was also selected to host Midnight Oil within their reunion concert series in 2017.", "Farming systems in India __knowledge__ Farming Systems in India are strategically utilised, according to the locations where they are most suitable.", "Farming systems in India __knowledge__ The farming systems that significantly contribute to the agriculture of India are subsistence farming, organic farming, industrial farming.", "Farming systems in India __knowledge__ Regions throughout India differ in types of farming they use; some are based on horticulture, ley farming, agroforestry, and many more.", "Farming systems in India __knowledge__ Due to India's geographical location, certain parts experience different climates, thus affecting each region's agricultural productivity differently.", "Farming systems in India __knowledge__ India is very dependent on its monsoon cycle for large crop yields.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The emphasis is on economic performance and how it was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ Specialized business history is covered in American business history.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial economy differed significantly from that of most other regions in that land and natural resources were abundant in America but labor was scarce.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ From 1700 to 1775 the output of the thirteen colonies increased 12 fold, giving the colonies an economy about 30% the size of Britain's at the time of independence.", "St. Mary's City, Maryland __knowledge__ St. Mary's City is a former colonial town that was Maryland's first colonial settlement and capital.", "St. Mary's City, Maryland __knowledge__ It is now a large, state-run historic area, reconstruction of the original colonial settlement, living history area and museum complex, also known as Historic St. Mary's City.", "St. Mary's City, Maryland __knowledge__ Half of the area is also the campus of the public honors college, St. Mary's College of Maryland.", "St. Mary's City, Maryland __knowledge__ St. Mary's City is the historic site of the founding of the Colony of Maryland (then called the Province of Maryland).", "St. Mary's City, Maryland __knowledge__ The original settlement was also the fourth oldest permanent English settlement in the United States.", "St. Mary's City, Maryland __knowledge__ St. Mary's City is also considered the birthplace of religious freedom in America, with the earliest North American colonial settlement ever established with the specific mandate of being a haven for both Catholic and Protestant Christian faiths.", "History of agriculture in the United States __knowledge__ The history of agriculture in the United States covers the period from the first English settlers to the present day.", "History of agriculture in the United States __knowledge__ In Colonial America, agriculture was the primary livelihood for 90% of the population, and most towns were shipping points for the export of agricultural products.", "History of agriculture in the United States __knowledge__ Most farms were geared toward subsistence production for family use.", "History of agriculture in the United States __knowledge__ The rapid growth of population and the expansion of the frontier opened up large numbers of new farms, and clearing the land was a major preoccupation of farmers.", "History of agriculture in the United States __knowledge__ After 1800, cotton became the chief crop in southern plantations, and the chief American export." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.", "Plantation __knowledge__ The crops grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located.", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas were often quite grand and expensive architectural works.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Like every economic activity, it has changed over time.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Industrial plantations are established to produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time.", "Sounds Good Feels Good __knowledge__ Sounds Good Feels Good is the second studio album by Australian rock band 5 Seconds of Summer.", "Sounds Good Feels Good __knowledge__ It was released on 23 October 2015 through the labels Hi or Hey and Capitol Records.", "Sounds Good Feels Good __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place from 2014 to 2015, in the United States.", "Sounds Good Feels Good __knowledge__ Record production of the album was handled by John Feldmann, The Monsters and the Strangerz, David Hodges and Mike Green.", "Sounds Good Feels Good __knowledge__ Recording and writing started after the band became popular worldwide with the release of their debut album, \"5 Seconds of Summer\", and two of its singles in particular, \"She Looks So Perfect\" and \"Amnesia\".", "Sounds Good Feels Good __knowledge__ Following the release of their live album \"LiveSOS\" in 2014, 5 Seconds of Summer took a break for the holidays.", "That Sounds Good to Me __knowledge__ \"That Sounds Good to Me\" is a song written and composed by Pete Waterman, Mike Stock and Steve Crosby that finished last when it represented the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 held in Oslo, Norway.", "That Sounds Good to Me __knowledge__ The song and performer was revealed as Josh Dubovie on 12 March 2010 who won \"Eurovision: Your Country Needs You\".", "That Sounds Good to Me __knowledge__ The song was initially written by Pete Waterman and Mike Stock before even the gender of the singer had been chosen.", "That Sounds Good to Me __knowledge__ It was only revealed to the public on 29 January 2010 that Pete Waterman would write the song.", "That Sounds Good to Me __knowledge__ On 19 February the BBC confirmed that Mike Stock would join his Stock Aitken Waterman partner in co-writing the song.", "Manatsu no Sounds Good! __knowledge__ In its first week, the CD single sold 1,616,795 copies according to Oricon and became AKB48's bestselling single.", "Manatsu no Sounds Good! __knowledge__ In August 2012, it was certified \"2 Million\" by RIAJ.", "Manatsu no Sounds Good! __knowledge__ On December 30, 2012, the song won the Grand Prix at the 54th Japan Record Awards, making this their second consecutive win for the group.", "Manatsu no Sounds Good! __knowledge__ The single is Atsuko Maeda's final recording with the group.", "Manatsu no Sounds Good! __knowledge__ \"Manatsu no Sounds Good\" comprises various editions released on May 23, 2012.", "Manatsu no Sounds Good! __knowledge__ The first presses of the single came with a ticket to vote in the AKB48 27th Single Senbatsu Election (to choose the members to be featured in the next AKB48's single, to be released in the summer.)", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom participated at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, held in Oslo, Norway in May.", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 __knowledge__ The BBC announced on 29 January after months of speculation that British record producer and songwriter Pete Waterman would write the UK entry for the 2010 Contest.", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 __knowledge__ The song, \"That Sounds Good to Me\", was performed on 12 March 2010 on \"\", where Josh Dubovie was selected to represent the UK at Eurovision over five other finalists.", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 __knowledge__ The song came in last place.", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 __knowledge__ The song was 12th in the line-up for the Grand Final.", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 __knowledge__ After the United Kingdom's 5th-place finish in the 2009 Contest, thanks to Andrew Lloyd Webber and Jade Ewen, there was wide speculation on how the BBC would select the 2010 entry.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Sounds Good __knowledge__ Sounds Good is a Canadian music television miniseries which aired on CBC Television in 1976.", "Sounds Good __knowledge__ This four-part series featured particular genres of modern music and various performers.", "Sounds Good __knowledge__ Jim McKenna hosted \"Sounds Good\" except the country music episode.", "Sounds Good __knowledge__ \"Sounds Good\" was hastily produced on a low (approximately ) budget when CBC's Studio 7 became unexpectedly available for three days.", "Sounds Good __knowledge__ A previously-planned television feature on Nellie McClung was scheduled to film there but production was cancelled when ACTRA objected to the choice of an American actor portraying McClung.", "Sounds Good __knowledge__ The hour-long episodes were broadcast on 4 August, 10 September, 18 September and 28 September 1976.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil and the United States led the industrial production of ethanol fuel in 2014, together accounting for 83.4 percent of the world's production.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ In 2014 Brazil produced 23.4 billion liters (6.19 billion U.S. liquid gallons), representing 25.2 percent of the world's total ethanol used as fuel.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil is considered to have the world's first sustainable biofuels economy and the biofuel industry leader, a policy model for other countries; and its sugarcane ethanol \"the most successful alternative fuel to date.\"", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ However, some authors consider that the successful Brazilian ethanol model is sustainable only in Brazil due to its advanced agri-industrial technology and its enormous amount of arable land available; while according to other authors it is a solution only for some countries in the tropical zone of Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ The Big Pineapple is a heritage-listed tourist attraction at Nambour Connection Road, Woombye, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It was designed by Peddle Thorp and Harvey, Paul Luff, and Gary Smallcombe and Associates.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It is also known as Sunshine Plantation.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 March 2009.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ The 2-level Big Pineapple is 16 metres high and was originally opened on 15 August 1971.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It is situated on a 165 hectare site.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ Under new ownership the owners are facilitating new attractions such as the award-winning Big Pineapple Music Festival and the Big Pineapple was also selected to host Midnight Oil within their reunion concert series in 2017.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sucrose is common table sugar.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ It is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of the two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is refined.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ It has the formula CHO.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ For human consumption, sucrose is extracted, and refined, from either sugar cane or sugar beet.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sugar mills are located where sugar cane is grown to crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped around the world for refining into pure sucrose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Some sugar mills also process the raw sugar into pure sucrose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sugar beet factories are in colder climates where the beet is grown and process the beets directly into refined sugar.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ Chiapas (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas (), is one of the 31 states that with Mexico City make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ It is divided into 124 municipalities as of September 2017 and its capital city is Tuxtla Gutiérrez.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ Other important population centers in Chiapas include Ocosingo, Tapachula, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Comitán and Arriaga.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ It is the southernmost state, bordered by the states of Oaxaca to the west, Veracruz to the northwest and Tabasco to the north, and by the Petén, Quiché, Huehuetenango and San Marcos departments of Guatemala to the east and southeast.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus \"Saccharum\", tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ It has stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in the sugar sucrose, which accumulates in the stalk internodes.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ The plant is two to six meters (six to twenty feet) tall.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ All sugar cane species interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.", "Sugarcane __knowledge__ Sugarcane belongs to the grass family Poaceae, an economically important seed plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum, and many forage crops.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views, and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ There is disagreement about the significance of the issue, what is causing it, and what can or should be done to remedy the situation.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ This complexity and uncertainty is due to the large number of impacts and feedback loops that can positively or negatively affect the price system.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Moreover, the relative strengths of these positive and negative impacts vary in the short and long terms, and involve delayed effects.", "Agriculture in Senegal __knowledge__ Most of Senegal lies within the drought-prone Sahel region, with irregular rainfall and generally poor soils.", "Agriculture in Senegal __knowledge__ With only about 5 percent of the land irrigated, Senegal continues to rely on rain-fed agriculture, which occupies about 75 percent of the workforce.", "Agriculture in Senegal __knowledge__ Despite a relatively wide variety of agricultural production, the majority of farmers produce for subsistence needs.", "Agriculture in Senegal __knowledge__ Production is subject to drought and threats of pests such as locusts, birds, fruit flies, and white flies.", "Agriculture in Senegal __knowledge__ Millet, rice, corn, and sorghum are the primary food crops grown in Senegal.", "Agriculture in Senegal __knowledge__ Senegal is a net food importer, particularly for rice, which represents almost 75 percent of cereal imports." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.", "Plantation __knowledge__ The crops grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located.", "Plantation __knowledge__ A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas were often quite grand and expensive architectural works.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Like every economic activity, it has changed over time.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery.", "Plantation __knowledge__ Industrial plantations are established to produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae.", "Environmental effects of cocoa production __knowledge__ The environmental effects of cocoa production Cocoa Beans are a high demand consumer item all over the world.", "Environmental effects of cocoa production __knowledge__ They are used in products such as chocolate, candy bars, drinks and cocoa powder.", "Environmental effects of cocoa production __knowledge__ However, cocoa farming and the production of cocoa beans are extremely fragile and labour-intensive processes.", "Environmental effects of cocoa production __knowledge__ The process begins with a Cacao plant, or Theobroma cacao, in which the beans are extracted from pods that grow directly on branches.", "Environmental effects of cocoa production __knowledge__ Each pod contains roughly 30 to 50 beans.", "Environmental effects of cocoa production __knowledge__ After the beans are extracted they must go through a time-consuming process of natural fermenting and drying.", "Environmental effects of cocoa production __knowledge__ The farming process of cocoa can damage the environment depending on the practices of the farmer, as well as be limited by the environment itself.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Fair trade cocoa is an agricultural product harvested from the cacao tree using a certified process which is followed by cocoa farmers, buyers, and chocolate manufacturers, and is designed to create sustainable incomes for farmers and their families.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Companies that use fair trade certified cocoa to create products can advertise that they are contributing to social, economic, and environmental sustainability in agriculture.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ In the 1990s, approximately 90 percent of the world’s cocoa was produced on small, family managed farms, primarily in West Africa and Latin America.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Local collectors and intermediaries purchase and transport the cocoa to exporters and processors.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The history of chocolate in Spain is part of the culinary history of Spain as understood since the 16th century, when the colonization of the Americas began and the cocoa plant was discovered in regions of Mesoamerica, until the present.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ After the conquest of Mexico, cocoa as a commodity travelled by boat from the port of Nueva España to the Spanish coast.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The first such voyage to Europe occurred at an unknown date in the 1520s.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ However it was only in the 17th century that regular trade began from the port of Veracruz, opening a maritime trade route that would supply the new demand from Spain, and later from other European countries.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ A coffee bean is a seed of the coffee plant and the source for coffee.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ It is the pit inside the red or purple fruit often referred to as a cherry.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ Just like ordinary cherries, the coffee fruit is also a so-called stone fruit.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ Even though the coffee beans are seeds, they are referred to as \"beans\" because of their resemblance to true beans.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ The fruits – coffee cherries or coffee berries – most commonly contain two stones with their flat sides together.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ A small percentage of cherries contain a single seed, instead of the usual two.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ This is called a \"peaberry\".", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ The peaberry occurs only between 10 and 15% of the time, and it is a fairly common (yet scientifically unproven) belief that they have more flavour than normal coffee beans.", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ Coffea arabica (), also known as the Arabian coffee, \"coffee shrub of Arabia\", \"mountain coffee\", or \"arabica coffee\", is a species of \"Coffea\".", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ It is believed to be the first species of coffee to be cultivated, and is the dominant cultivar, representing some 60% of global production.", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (\"C. canephora\") makes up the preponderance of the balance.", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ Wild plants grow between tall, and have an open branching system; the leaves are opposite, simple elliptic-ovate to oblong, long and broad, glossy dark green.", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ The flowers are white, 10–15 mm in diameter and grow in axillary clusters.", "Coffee production __knowledge__ Coffee production is the industrial process of converting the raw fruit of the coffee plant into the finished coffee.", "Coffee production __knowledge__ The coffee cherry has the fruit or pulp removed leaving the seed or bean which is then dried.", "Coffee production __knowledge__ While all green coffee is processed, the method that is used varies and can have a significant effect on the flavor of roasted and brewed coffee.", "Coffee production __knowledge__ Coffee production is a major source of income, especially for developing countries where coffee is grown.", "Coffee production __knowledge__ By adding value, processing the coffee locally, coffee farmers and countries can increase the revenue from coffee.", "Coffee production __knowledge__ A coffee plant usually starts to produce flowers three to four years after it is planted, and it is from these flowers that the fruits of the plant (commonly known as coffee cherries) appear, with the first useful harvest possible around five years after planting.", "Coffea __knowledge__ Coffea is a genus of flowering plants whose seeds, called coffee beans, are used to make various coffee beverages and products.", "Coffea __knowledge__ It is a member of the family Rubiaceae.", "Coffea __knowledge__ They are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia.", "Coffea __knowledge__ Coffee ranks as one of the world's most valuable and widely traded commodity crops and is an important export product of several countries, including those in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Africa.", "Coffea __knowledge__ Several species of \"Coffea\" may be grown for the seeds.", "Coffea __knowledge__ \"Coffea arabica\" accounts for 75–80 percent of the world's coffee production, while \"Coffea canephora\" accounts for about 20 percent.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeination is the removal of caffeine from coffee beans, cocoa, tea leaves, and other caffeine-containing materials.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ While soft drinks which do not use caffeine as an ingredient are sometimes described as \"decaffeinated\", they are better termed \"non-caffeinated\" because decaffeinated implies that there was caffeine present at one point in time.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeinated drinks contain typically 1–2% of the original caffeine content, and sometimes as much as 20%.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeinated products are commonly termed decaf.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge performed the first isolation of pure caffeine from coffee beans in 1820." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 34, 11 ]

[ "Have you ever seen a plantation? It is a large farm that specializes in crops.", "The crops grown there include cotton, tea, coffee, sugar cane and fruits.", "Yes, coffee beans are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Exactly. In fact, cocoa beans are also grown on plantations. They are the seed of the \"theobroma cacao\" plant." ]

[ "Plantation", "Plantation", "Plantation", "Plantation" ]

[ "Dog\nI'm a real dog person! I especially love Basset Hounds with their long ears!", "Really? I didn't know that! That's probably why they are such a popular pet!", "I know that a lot of senior citizens love to own a dog because it keeps them company in their golden years", "That's awesome! Toy poodles are so cute! Do the shih tzu and poodle get along?", "Do the two dogs eat the same type of food, or do they each have their own favorites?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Basset Hound __knowledge__ The Basset Hound is a short-legged breed of dog of the hound family.", "Basset Hound __knowledge__ The Basset is a scent hound that was originally bred for the purpose of hunting hare.", "Basset Hound __knowledge__ Their sense of smell and ability to ground-scent is second only to that of the Bloodhound.", "Basset Hound __knowledge__ Basset Hounds are one of 6 recognised basset-type breeds in France.", "Basset Hound __knowledge__ The name \"Basset\" is derived from the French word \"bas\", meaning \"low\", with the attenuating suffix \"-et\", together meaning \"rather low\".", "Basset Hound __knowledge__ Basset Hounds are usually bicolours or tricolours of standard hound colouration.", "Basset Hound __knowledge__ Bassets are large, short, solid and long, with curved sabre tails held high over their long backs.", "Westerby Basset Hounds __knowledge__ The Westerby Basset Hounds is a working basset pack.", "Westerby Basset Hounds __knowledge__ The Westerby Basset Hounds descend from the Walhampton Basset Hounds, founded in 1889 by Christopher and Godfrey Heseltine at Lymington in the New Forrest.", "Westerby Basset Hounds __knowledge__ In 1902, whilst Godfrey Heseltine was posted to India, the pack was sold to the Marquess Conyngham of Slane Castle in Ireland, and were known as the Slane Bassets, returning to the New Forrest upon Godrey’s return in 1910.", "Westerby Basset Hounds __knowledge__ Between 1915 and 1920, whilst Godfrey Heseltine served in the Great War and subsequently again in India, the pack was loaned to the Royal Naval Dockyard Rosyth and were known as the Rosyth Bassets, again returning to Godfrey who moved the pack to Lutterworth in Leicestershire, where the pack remained until his death in 1931.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The dachshund ( or or ) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States.", "Bloodhound __knowledge__ The Bloodhound is a large scent hound, originally bred for hunting deer, wild boar, and since the Middle Ages for tracking people.", "Bloodhound __knowledge__ Believed to be descended from hounds once kept at the Abbey of Saint-Hubert, Belgium, it is known to French speakers as the \"Chien de Saint-Hubert\".", "Bloodhound __knowledge__ This breed is famed for its ability to discern human scent over great distances, even days later.", "Bloodhound __knowledge__ Its extraordinarily keen sense of smell is combined with a strong and tenacious tracking instinct, producing the ideal scent hound, and it is used by police and law enforcement all over the world to track escaped prisoners, missing people, lost children, and lost pets.", "Albany and West Lodge Bassets __knowledge__ The Albany and West Lodge Bassets is a working basset pack.", "Albany and West Lodge Bassets __knowledge__ The Albany and West Lodge Bassets was formed with the amalgimation of the Albany Bassets and the West Lodge Harehounds.", "Albany and West Lodge Bassets __knowledge__ In 1955 members of the Basset Hound Club formed a working branch to \"foster the hunting instinct inherent in every Basset Hound\", initially all members of the club were encouraged to enter their pet Basset and see if it could work with a nucleus of kenneled hounds.", "Albany and West Lodge Bassets __knowledge__ In 1973 this pack was renamed the Albany Bassets and was registered with the Masters of Basset Hounds Association.", "Albany and West Lodge Bassets __knowledge__ The Albany remained a part of the Basset Hound Club until 2002 when they withdrew their support and the Albany became a subscription pack.", "Basset Artésien Normand __knowledge__ The Basset Artésien Normand (\"Norman Artesian Basset\") is a short legged hound type dog developed in France.", "Basset Artésien Normand __knowledge__ The word \"basset\" refers to short-legged hounds.", "Basset Artésien Normand __knowledge__ The Basset Artésien Normand and the more familiar Basset Hound share a common ancestry in the short-legged hounds of northern France of the early 19th century that displayed achondroplasia dwarfism.", "Basset Artésien Normand __knowledge__ But unlike the Basset Hound, which was developed by English breeders in the late 19th century as a more substantial dog that was initially cross-bred with Bloodhounds, the Basset-type dogs that French breeders developed remained lighter-boned and more focused on hunting ability.", "Basset Fauve de Bretagne __knowledge__ The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is a short-legged hunting breed of dog of the scent hound type, originally from Brittany, a historical kingdom of France.", "Basset Fauve de Bretagne __knowledge__ The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is a smallish hound, built along the same lines as the Basset Hound, but lighter all through and longer in the leg.", "Basset Fauve de Bretagne __knowledge__ Wire-coated, the coat is very harsh to the touch, dense, red-wheaten or fawn.", "Basset Fauve de Bretagne __knowledge__ He measures 32 – 38 cm in height and weighs between 36 - 40 lbs but due to the old, and no longer permitted, practice of registering mixed litters of Griffon and Basset Fauves sometimes a litter of bassets will produce a long legged dog more akin to the Griffon." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Pet Shop Boys are an English synthpop duo, formed in London in 1981 and consisting of Neil Tennant (lead vocals, keyboards, occasional guitar) and Chris Lowe (keyboards, vocals).", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Pet Shop Boys have sold more than 50 million records worldwide, and are listed as the most successful duo in UK music history by \"The Guinness Book of Records\".", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Three-time Brit Award winners and six-time Grammy nominees, since 1985 they have achieved 42 Top 30 singles, 22 of them Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart, including four UK number ones: \"West End Girls\" (also number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100), \"It's a Sin\", an acclaimed cover of \"Always on My Mind\" and \"Heart\".", "Rose-ringed parakeet __knowledge__ The rose-ringed parakeet (\"Psittacula krameri\"), also known as the ring-necked parakeet, is a gregarious tropical Afro-Asian parakeet species that has an extremely large range.", "Rose-ringed parakeet __knowledge__ The rose-ringed parakeet is sexually dimorphic.", "Rose-ringed parakeet __knowledge__ The adult male sports a red or black neck ring and the hen and immature birds of both sexes either show no neck rings, or display shadow-like pale to dark grey neck rings.", "Rose-ringed parakeet __knowledge__ Both sexes have a distinctive green colour.", "Rose-ringed parakeet __knowledge__ Rose-ringed parakeets measure on average in length, including the tail feathers, a large portion of their total length.", "Rose-ringed parakeet __knowledge__ Their average single-wing length is about .", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Although capable of living indoors with humans similarly to cats or dogs, pet skunks are relatively rare, partly due to restrictive laws and the complexity of their care.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Pet skunks are mainly kept in the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ In the United States, pet skunks can be purchased from licensed animal shelters, non-profit skunk educational organizations such as the American Domestic Skunk Association, Inc., or breeders with a permit from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Baby skunk availability peaks during springtime, immediately following the skunk mating season.", "Pet store __knowledge__ A pet store or pet shop is a retail business which sells different kinds of animals to the public.", "Pet store __knowledge__ A variety of animal supplies and pet accessories are also sold in pet shops.", "Pet store __knowledge__ The products sold include: food, treats, toys, collars, leashes, cat litter, cages and aquariums.", "Pet store __knowledge__ Some pet stores provide engraving services for pet tags, which have the owner’s contact information in case the pet gets lost.", "Pet store __knowledge__ In the USA and Canada, pet shops often offer both hygienic care (such as pet cleaning) and esthetic services (such as cat and dog grooming).", "Pet store __knowledge__ Grooming is the process by which a dog or cats's physical appearance is enhanced and kept according to breed standards for competitive breed showing, for other types of competition, like creative grooming or pet tuning contests, or just to their owners taste.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Die Form __knowledge__ Die Form is a French post-industrial and electronic band formed in 1977-78.", "Die Form __knowledge__ The name 'Die Form' means '(the) form/shape' in German, like the Bauhaus diary and is a play on the English homonym 'deformed' and on the French homonym 'difforme' (deformed).", "Die Form __knowledge__ Die Form is the primary project of the French electronic musician and multimedia artist Philippe Fichot.", "Die Form __knowledge__ He began by recording a number of experimental cassette releases, starting with Die Form 1 in 1977, and with the first Die Form vinyl release ('Die Puppe') appearing in 1982.", "Die Form __knowledge__ Whilst the project was still in its infancy, the underlying concepts were still evident - a combination of esoteric electronic experiments with an underlying theme of erotism, death and other 'taboo' subjects, apparent in both the music and the album artwork, which Philippe also produces.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 __knowledge__ Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 is a legislation enacted in 2007, initiated by Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India., to provide more effective provision for maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens.", "Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 __knowledge__ This Act make it a legal obligation for children and heirs to provide maintenance to senior citizens and parents, by monthly allowance.", "Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 __knowledge__ This Act also provides simple, speedy and inexpensive mechanism for the protection of life and property of the older persons.", "Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 __knowledge__ After being passed by the parliament of India received the assent of President of India on December 29, 2007 and was published in the Gazette of India on December 31, 2007.Some states have already implemented the act and other states are taking steps for implementing this Act.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Guiding Eyes for the Blind is one of eleven accredited schools in the U.S. for training guide dogs — dogs trained to lead the blind and visually impaired.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ With its headquarters, training center and veterinary clinic in Yorktown Heights, New York, Guiding Eyes also operates a canine development center in Patterson, New York and a training site in White Plains, New York.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ The school offers a program designed for blind and visually impaired students with additional developmental or physical challenges, such as deafness or seizure disorders.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Dogs and staff are specifically selected and receive extra training to enable them to assist these students.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thought.", "Psychology __knowledge__ It is an academic discipline of immense scope and diverse interests that, when taken together, seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of epiphenomena they manifest.", "Psychology __knowledge__ As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.", "Psychology __knowledge__ In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The biological family Canidae The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The caniforms included the fox-like genus \"Leptocyon\" whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines).", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time.", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Shih Tzu __knowledge__ A Shih Tzu (, ; ), also known as the Chrysanthemum Dog, is a toy dog breed, weighing 10–19 pounds (4.5–8.6kg) when fully grown.", "Shih Tzu __knowledge__ The exact origins of the breed are unknown, but it is thought to have originated in Tibet and then been developed in China.", "Shih Tzu __knowledge__ The Shih Tzu is a sturdy little dog with a short muzzle and large dark eyes.", "Shih Tzu __knowledge__ They have a soft and long double coat.", "Shih Tzu __knowledge__ A Shih Tzu should stand no more than 28 cm (11 in.)", "Shih Tzu __knowledge__ at the withers and with an ideal weight of 4.5 to 8.6 kg (10 to 19 lbs).", "Shih Tzu __knowledge__ Drop ears are covered with long fur, and the heavily furred tail is carried curled over the back.", "Shih Tzu __knowledge__ The coat may be of any color, though white and with blazes of grey are frequently seen.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Toy dog traditionally refers to a very small dog or a grouping of small and very small breeds of dog.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ A toy dog may be of any of various dog types.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Types of dogs referred to as toy dogs may include Spaniels, Pinschers and Terriers that have been bred down in size.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Not all toy dogs are lapdogs, although that is an important and ancient type of toy dog.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ The very smallest toy dogs are sometimes called \"teacup\" size, although no major dog registry recognizes that term.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Dogs referred to as toy or teacup dogs, are dogs found in the \"Toy Group\" of breed registries, may be of the very ancient lapdog type, or they may be small versions of hunting dogs or working dogs, bred down in size for a particular kind of work or to create a pet of convenient size.", "Shih-poo __knowledge__ The Shih-poo is a small domestic dog.", "Shih-poo __knowledge__ It is a crossbreed between a Poodle and a Shih Tzu.", "Shih-poo __knowledge__ The name \"Shih-poo\" is a portmanteau of the two breed names.", "Shih-poo __knowledge__ The Shih-poo is also known as the \"Pooshih\", not to be confused with the \"Poo-shi\", which is a Poodle and Shiba Inu cross.", "Shih-poo __knowledge__ Shih-poos have notable references in popular culture .", "Shih-poo __knowledge__ Legitimate breed associations such as the AKC, the UKC, and the CKC, do not recognize the Shih-poo, or any other designer cross, as a breed in its own right.", "Shih-poo __knowledge__ However, some major kennel clubs do accept registration of crossbreed and mixed-breed dogs for performance events such as agility and obedience.", "Chinese Imperial Dog __knowledge__ The Chinese Imperial Dog is a Toy dog breed with a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail.", "Chinese Imperial Dog __knowledge__ Kennel clubs originally classified the breed under the shih-tzu, before recognizing the Imperial as a separate breed.", "Chinese Imperial Dog __knowledge__ Other names for the Chinese Imperial Dog include: Imperial Shih Tzu, Lion Dog, Micro Shih Tzu, Miniature Shih Tzu, Princess-type Shih Tzu, Tiny Teacup Shih Tzu, Tiny Toy Shih Tzu.", "Chinese Imperial Dog __knowledge__ The purpose of the Chinese Imperial Dog is that of personal and family pet and companion.", "Chinese Imperial Dog __knowledge__ They are sturdy, happy, playful little dogs with an affectionate and loving temperament that is ideal for their role in life.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ A Cockapoo (also known as a spoodle or cockadoodle) is a mixed-breed dog that is the cross between either Cocker Spaniel breeds (American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel) and a poodle (in most cases a miniature poodle or toy poodle).", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ A Cockapoo can be the result of either the American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel with a Poodle.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ They have been known in the United States since the 1950s.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ Purebred breed associations such as The Kennel Club, the American Kennel Club, the United Kennel Club, or the Canadian Kennel Club, do not recognize the Cockapoo.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ Due to their popularity, Cockapoos are one of the mixed breed dogs most susceptible to be bred by puppy farms or unscrupulous amateur breeders looking to maximize profit.", "Bolonka __knowledge__ Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka (), also known as the Bolonka Zwetna in Germany, is a rare toy breed of the Bichon type, developed in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia from the ancestors of smaller dogs such as the Bichon, Toy Poodle, Shih Tzu, Pekingese and French Bolognese.", "Bolonka __knowledge__ They include the white version Franzuskaya Bolonka, which is a variation of the Italian Bolognese dog.", "Bolonka __knowledge__ \"Franzuskaya\" means French, \"Zwetna\" is the German term for \"Tsvetnaya\" and means multicolored, and \"Bolonka\" translates as \"Bolognese\" in a number of Slavic languages.", "Bolonka __knowledge__ The Bolonka has recently gained more fame by being the chosen breed of Prince William and Kate Middleton.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ Prairie dogs (genus Cynomys) are herbivorous burrowing rodents native to the grasslands of North America.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ The five species are: black-tailed, white-tailed, Gunnison's, Utah, and Mexican prairie dogs.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ They are a type of ground squirrel, found in the United States, Canada and Mexico.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ In Mexico, prairie dogs are found primarily in the northern states, which lie at the southern end of the Great Plains: northeastern Sonora, north and northeastern Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, northern Nuevo León, and northern Tamaulipas.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ In the United States, they range primarily to the west of the Mississippi River, though they have also been introduced in a few eastern locales.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ The Plague Dogs is a 1982 British adult animated epic adventure thriller film based on the 1977 novel of the same name by Richard Adams.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ The film was written, directed and produced by Martin Rosen, who also directed \"Watership Down\", the film adaptation of another novel by Adams.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ \"The Plague Dogs\" was produced by Nepenthe Productions; it was released by Embassy Pictures in the United States and by United Artists in the United Kingdom.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ The film was rated PG-13 by the MPAA for heavy animal cruelty themes, violent imagery, and emotionally distressing scenes.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ \"The Plague Dogs\" is the first non-family oriented MGM animated film.", "Aftermath: Population Zero __knowledge__ Aftermath: Population Zero (also titled Aftermath: The World After Humans) is a two-hour Canadian special documentary film that premiered on Sunday, March 9, 2008 (at 8:00 PM ET/PT) on the National Geographic Channel.", "Aftermath: Population Zero __knowledge__ The program was produced by Cream Productions.", "Aftermath: Population Zero __knowledge__ Similar to the History Channel's special \"Life After People\", \"Aftermath\" features what scientists and others speculate the earth, animal life, and plant life might be like if humanity no longer existed, as well as the effect that humanity's disappearance would have on the artifacts of civilization.", "Aftermath: Population Zero __knowledge__ Both documentaries are inspired by Alan Weisman's \"The World Without Us\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Two and a Half Men characters __knowledge__ The American sitcom \"Two and a Half Men\", created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Lee Aronsohn, premiered on CBS on September 22, 2003.", "List of Two and a Half Men characters __knowledge__ The show initially centers on seven characters: brothers Charlie and Alan Harper; Jake Harper, the dimwitted son of Alan and his first ex-wife; Judith Harper-Melnick, Alan's first ex-wife, Herb's ex-wife, and Jake and Milly's mother; Rose, one of Charlie's previous one night stands who continuously stalks him; Evelyn Harper, Charlie and Alan's wealthy, five time widowed, bisexual mother, and Jake's grandmother; and last of all, Berta, Charlie's sharp-tongued housekeeper, who later joins the main cast starting with season two after playing a major recurring role throughout the first season.", "Tzu Chi __knowledge__ Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Republic of China () or Tzu Chi Foundation (慈濟), literally \"Compassionate Relief\", is a Taiwanese international humanitarian and non-governmental organization (NGO) with over 10 million members worldwide throughout 47 countries.", "Tzu Chi __knowledge__ It is operated by a worldwide network of volunteers and employees and has been awarded a special consultative status at the United Nations Economic and Social Council.", "Tzu Chi __knowledge__ Tzu Chi is the largest Buddhist organization in Taiwan.", "Tzu Chi __knowledge__ The Tzu Chi Foundation was founded by Master Cheng Yen, a Taiwanese Buddhist nun, or Bhikkhuni, in 1966 as a Buddhist humanitarian organization.", "List of Rebelde Way characters __knowledge__ The article contains a list of main characters in \"Rebelde Way\" (2002–2003), an Argentine telenovela, which was very successful in the time of its broadcasting.", "List of Rebelde Way characters __knowledge__ It was produced by Cris Morena.", "List of Rebelde Way characters __knowledge__ The band Erreway was formed during the development of this telenovela.", "List of Rebelde Way characters __knowledge__ Marizza is a main character of Rebelde Way and one of the four band members of Erreway.", "List of Rebelde Way characters __knowledge__ She is a very rebellious and extroverted, but also sensitive teenager because her lone mother Sonia, a popular Argentinian celebrity, never set any bounds to her.", "List of Rebelde Way characters __knowledge__ To change this Fabricio Spirito, who supposed to be Marizza's biological father, forces her to attend the Elite Way School, a boarding school for privileged adolescents.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 8, 0, 0 ]

[ "I love dogs too! They were the first species to be domesticated. ", "Yes, and because they have been associated with humans so long, they are uniquely attuned to human behavior and are able to thrive on starch rich diets that other canid species can not.", "Yes, they are man's best friend for sure! I have a shih tzu and a toy poodle I love dearly.", "Oh yes! It took awhile for the poodle to get used to the tzu but once they got acclimated, they became best friends!", "They both eat natural cooked meals that I make for them every day. I don't have kids, so I treat them like they're my children" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Starbucks\nStarbuck company is established in 77 countries.", "This coffee shop serves hot and cold drinks.", "I really like iced tea. No, I haven't heard of «second wavw coffee». What is it ?", "I wonder what is the secret behind their recipe.", "I heard that lighter roast coffee has more caffeine. I wonder it it's true." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee known as VIA, espresso, caffe latte, full- and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products, Evolution Fresh juices, Frappuccino beverages, La Boulange pastries, and snacks including items such as chips and crackers; some offerings (including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte) are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Many stores sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and drinkware including mugs and tumblers; select \"Starbucks Evenings\" locations offer beer, wine, and appetizers.", "William H. Starbuck __knowledge__ William Haynes Starbuck (born in Portland, Indiana, United States September 20, 1934) graduated from Harvard University (AB Physics, 1956) and the Carnegie Institute of Technology (MSc, 1959; Ph.D. 1964).", "William H. Starbuck __knowledge__ He is an organizational scientist who has held professorships in social relations (Johns Hopkins, 1966–67), sociology (Cornell, 1967–71), business administration (Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1974–84), and management (New York University, 1985–2005).", "William H. Starbuck __knowledge__ William Starbuck has contributed to the concepts of self-designing organizations, organizational design, environmental niches, organizational equilibriums made of antithetical processes, and relativity through time of levels of aspiration, as well as contributing to behavioral research methods and epistemological status.", "D. H. Starbuck __knowledge__ Darius Henry Starbuck (September 15, 1818 - May 26, 1887) was a North Carolina lawyer and political figure who served as United States Attorney for the entire state, and then for the Western District of North Carolina after the state was divided into two districts.", "D. H. Starbuck __knowledge__ D. H. Starbuck was born Darius Henry Starbuck in Guilford County, North Carolina on September 15, 1818.", "D. H. Starbuck __knowledge__ He was the son of Reuben and Mary \"Beeson\" Starbuck.", "D. H. Starbuck __knowledge__ Reuben was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts on November 4, 1787, the son of Gayer and Rachel \"Folger\" Starbuck.", "D. H. Starbuck __knowledge__ His mother Mary was born in Guilford County on September 28, 1789, the daughter of Benjamin and Rachel \"Green\" Beeson.", "Kara Thrace __knowledge__ Kara Thrace (callsign \"Starbuck\") is a fictional character in the reimagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" series.", "Kara Thrace __knowledge__ Played by Katee Sackhoff, she is a revised version of Lieutenant Starbuck from the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" series.", "Kara Thrace __knowledge__ She is one of the show's main characters.", "Kara Thrace __knowledge__ Described by a critic as \"one of television's most complex, ever-evolving characters\", the role of Starbuck changed over the run of the series.", "Kara Thrace __knowledge__ According to Sackhoff, Starbuck originally \"didn't value her own life,\" inspiring her readiness to die for her shipmates.", "Kara Thrace __knowledge__ By the end of the series, however, she is prepared to sacrifice herself for others because of her respect for all life.", "Michael Majalahti __knowledge__ Michael Majalahti (born April 24, 1973) is a Canadian-Finnish professional wrestler, singer and artist, better known by the stage name \"The Canadian Rebel\" StarBuck.", "Michael Majalahti __knowledge__ His active bands include Stoner Kings, Angel of Sodom and Crossfyre.", "Michael Majalahti __knowledge__ Majalahti also worked for six years between 2009 - 2015 as a play-by-play commentator for the Finnish broadcasts of WWE programming on Eurosport.", "Michael Majalahti __knowledge__ A pioneer in Finnish professional wrestling and the head trainer of his home promotion, Fight Club Finland (FCF), Majalahti has trained talent all across the Nordic countries and has won several championships across Europe.", "Maelstrom (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ \"Maelstrom\" is the seventeenth episode of the third season from the science fiction television series, \"Battlestar Galactica\".", "Maelstrom (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ Survivor Count: 41,400 The episode begins with Starbuck restlessly asleep in her bunk and having a dream in which she finds herself in her apartment on Caprica painting the Eye of Jupiter on her wall.", "Maelstrom (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ She becomes frustrated and splashes white paint over her artwork as the Cylon Leoben Conoy approaches her from behind.", "Maelstrom (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The two begin to aggressively make love until Starbuck awakens, breathing heavily.", "Maelstrom (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ Later, Starbuck talks with Helo, who learns of her strange dreams and suggests she see an oracle.", "Scar (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ \"Scar\" is the fifteenth episode of the second season of the reimagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series.", "Scar (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ It aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on February 3, 2006.", "Scar (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ In the episode, Viper pilots Starbuck and Kat form a rivalry over which of them will destroy Scar, a feared Cylon Raider.", "Scar (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ Tormented by her feelings for Sam Anders, Starbuck nearly allows Scar to kill her in a game of chicken.", "Scar (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ In the end, she swerves and lures Scar to Kat, who destroys Scar.", "Scar (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ Executive producer Ronald D. Moore insisted that the episode include only one dogfight.", "Scar (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ As a result, the episode focuses on the differences between Starbuck and Kat and how their personalities come into conflict rather than on space combat.", "The Starbuck Chronicles __knowledge__ The Starbuck Chronicles are a series of historical fiction novels by British author Bernard Cornwell set during the American Civil War.", "The Starbuck Chronicles __knowledge__ They follow the exploits of a young Boston-born Confederate officer, Nathaniel Starbuck.", "The Starbuck Chronicles __knowledge__ Four novels have been written; the series is still unfinished due to Cornwell's commitment to other projects, however he has stated on many occasions he wishes to return to the character's story.", "The Starbuck Chronicles __knowledge__ \"Rebel\" begins in Richmond, Virginia after the fall of Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina when Starbuck is trying to visit his friend Adam Faulconer.", "The Starbuck Chronicles __knowledge__ Starbuck is saved from an attack by Richmond's patriotic residents (who think he is a Yankee spy) by Faulconer's rich landowner father, Washington Faulconer." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee known as VIA, espresso, caffe latte, full- and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products, Evolution Fresh juices, Frappuccino beverages, La Boulange pastries, and snacks including items such as chips and crackers; some offerings (including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte) are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Many stores sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and drinkware including mugs and tumblers; select \"Starbucks Evenings\" locations offer beer, wine, and appetizers.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ A coffeehouse, coffee shop or café (sometimes spelled cafe) is an establishment which primarily serves hot coffee, related coffee beverages (e.g., café latte, cappuccino, espresso), tea, and other hot beverages.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Some coffeehouses also serve cold beverages such as iced coffee and iced tea.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Many cafés also serve some type of food, such as light snacks, muffins or pastries.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Coffeehouses range from owner-operated small businesses to large multinational corporations.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ In continental Europe, cafés often serve alcoholic beverages and light food, but elsewhere the term \"café\" may also refer to a tea room, \"greasy spoon\" (a small and inexpensive restaurant, colloquially called a \"caff\"), transport café, or other casual eating and drinking place.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ Coffee drinks are made by brewing hot water (or much less commonly, cold water) with ground coffee beans.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ The brewing is either done slowly by drip or filter, French press or \"cafetière\", percolator, etc., or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine, where the coffee is termed \"espresso\"—slow-brewed coffees are generally regarded simply as \"coffee\".", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ All coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, in different strengths; some drinks have milk or cream added, some use steamed milk, cream, plant based milk, or foamed milk, some have flavorings or sweeteners, some have alcoholic liqueurs added, some are combinations of coffee with espresso or tea.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Wayne's Coffee __knowledge__ Wayne's Coffee is a Swedish-based coffeehouse chain founded in Stockholm at Kungsgatan in 1994.", "Wayne's Coffee __knowledge__ The chain grew with locations in several Scandinavian countries as well as further out into the Baltic region , Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom.", "Wayne's Coffee __knowledge__ Wayne’s Coffee opened its first coffee shop in Stockholm in 1994.", "Wayne's Coffee __knowledge__ With unique design and music concept, Wayne's Coffee set the standard for the modern European urban coffee concept.", "Wayne's Coffee __knowledge__ Nowadays, Wayne’s Coffee is one of Scandinavia’s leading coffee shop chain with around 40,000 guests served every day.", "Wayne's Coffee __knowledge__ Today, Wayne’s Coffee operates over 140 coffee shops around the world.", "Dunkin' Donuts __knowledge__ Dunkin' Donuts is an American global donut company and coffeehouse based in Canton, Massachusetts, in Greater Boston.", "Dunkin' Donuts __knowledge__ It was founded in 1950 by William Rosenberg in Quincy, Massachusetts.", "Dunkin' Donuts __knowledge__ Since its founding, the company has grown to become one of the largest coffee and baked goods chains in the world, with more than 12,000 restaurants in 36 countries.", "Dunkin' Donuts __knowledge__ The chain's products include donuts, bagels, other baked goods, and a wide variety of hot and iced beverages.", "Dunkin' Donuts __knowledge__ Before 1990, Dunkin' Donuts' primary competitor was Mister Donut, but in February of that year Mister Donut was acquired by Dunkin' Donuts' owner Allied-Lyons.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Architecture of Seattle __knowledge__ The architecture of Seattle, largest city of the US Pacific Northwest, includes aspects that predate the mid-nineteenth century arrival of the area's first settlers of European ancestry, and has reflected and influenced numerous architectural styles over time.", "Architecture of Seattle __knowledge__ As of 2015, a major construction boom continues to reconfigure Seattle's Downtown, as well as neighborhoods such as Capitol Hill, Ballard and, perhaps most dramatically, South Lake Union.", "Architecture of Seattle __knowledge__ Prior to the arrival of European settlers in the Puget Sound area, the largest building in the Salish Sea region was Old Man House, a longhouse roughly northwest of Downtown Seattle near the present-day town of Suquamish.", "Seattle __knowledge__ Seattle () is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States.", "Seattle __knowledge__ It is the seat of King County, Washington.", "Seattle __knowledge__ With an estimated 713,700 residents , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America.", "Seattle __knowledge__ In July 2013, it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the Top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%.", "Seattle __knowledge__ In July 2016, Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city, with a 3.1% annual growth rate.", "Seattle __knowledge__ The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about south of the Canada–United States border.", "Powała of Taczew __knowledge__ Pan Mikołaj Powała z Taczewa (\"Sir Mikołaj Powała of Taczew\") of Ogończyk coat of arms was a Polish knight in the Middle Ages.", "Powała of Taczew __knowledge__ He took part in the Battle of Grunwald of 1410.", "Powała of Taczew __knowledge__ He was also one of the Polish knights to represent the king at the tournament at Buda held to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Lubowla.", "Powała of Taczew __knowledge__ While not as famous nor as symbolic as Zawisza Czarny, in the 20th century he was made a protagonist of several films, among them the 1970 \"Pierścień księżnej Anny\" (\"Ring of Duchess Anna\").", "Powała of Taczew __knowledge__ There is a hill (mound) named after him outside Taczew.", "Powała of Taczew __knowledge__ However his Castle is now in ruins.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ Climate change in the US state of Washington is a subject of study and projection today.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ \"For the most up to date and comprehensive analysis of climate change impacts on Washington State, see the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group 2009 assessment report, available\" here.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ \"Economic Impacts of Climate Change (2007) in Washington State\" summarized impacts on forest fires, public health, agriculture, municipal water supply, sea level rise and fisheries.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ These conclusions have been reached through several predictions, based primarily on temperature and precipitation models for climate change.", "History of Seattle __knowledge__ This is the main article of a series that covers the history of Seattle, Washington, a city in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America.", "History of Seattle __knowledge__ Seattle is a major port city that has a history of boom and bust.", "History of Seattle __knowledge__ Seattle has on several occasions been sent into severe decline, but has typically used those periods to successfully rebuild infrastructure.", "History of Seattle __knowledge__ There have been at least five such cycles: What is now Seattle has been inhabited since the end of the last glacial period (c. 8,000 B.C.—10,000 years ago), for at least 4,000 years.", "History of Seattle __knowledge__ In the mid-1850s the Coast Salish peoples of what is now called the Duwamish Tribe and Suquamish, as well as other associated groups and tribes, were living in some 13 villages within the present-day city limits of Seattle.", "Socialist Party of Washington __knowledge__ The Socialist Party of Washington was the Washington state section of the Socialist Party of America (SPA), an organization originally established as a federation of semi-autonomous state organizations.", "Socialist Party of Washington __knowledge__ During the 1910s, the Socialist Party of Washington was one of the largest state affiliates of the SPA in the Western United States, touting a membership which peaked with more than 6,200 paid members.", "Socialist Party of Washington __knowledge__ The Socialist Party of Washington is remembered today for its place in the free speech fights of the first decade of the 20th century, during which it was closely connected with the Industrial Workers of the World.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ The Puget Sound faults under the heavily populated Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of Washington state form a regional complex of interrelated seismogenic (earthquake-causing) geologic faults.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ These include (from north to south, see map) the: The Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of western Washington contains the bulk of the population and economic assets of the state, and carries seven percent of the international trade of the United States.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ All this is at risk of earthquakes from three sources: While the great subduction events release much energy (around magnitude 9), that energy is spread over a large area, and largely centered near the coast." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee known as VIA, espresso, caffe latte, full- and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products, Evolution Fresh juices, Frappuccino beverages, La Boulange pastries, and snacks including items such as chips and crackers; some offerings (including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte) are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Many stores sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and drinkware including mugs and tumblers; select \"Starbucks Evenings\" locations offer beer, wine, and appetizers.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea (or ice tea; \"thé glacé\" in French) is a form of cold tea.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Though usually served in a glass with ice, it can refer to a tea that has been chilled or cooled.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ It may or may not be sweetened.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea is also a popular packaged drink.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ It can be mixed with flavored syrup, with multiple common flavors including lemon, raspberry, lime, passion fruit, peach, orange, strawberry, and cherry.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ While most iced teas get their flavor from tea leaves (\"Camellia sinensis\"), herbal teas are sometimes served cold and referred to as iced tea.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea is sometimes made by a particularly long steeping of tea leaves at lower temperature (one hour in the sun versus 5 minutes at 180–212 °F / 80–100 °C).", "American tea culture __knowledge__ American tea culture encompasses the methods of preparation and means of consumption of tea within the context of the culture of the United States.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ American restaurants and workplaces typically offer machine-made drip brew coffee by default, while hot tea brewed by the cup with tea bags, an American invention, is available by request.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ Tea has played an important role in the United States, as families tend to gather around the kitchen and tea is often served here.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ Although many may equate tea to grandmothers, tea drinking is popular with all ages.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ Tea parties can be celebrated for many occasions, from the very small and intimate to the large family gatherings and celebrations.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea culture is defined by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact with tea, and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It includes aspects of tea production, tea brewing, tea arts and ceremony, society, history, health, ethics, education, and communication and media issues.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea plays an important role in some countries.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It is commonly consumed at social events, and many cultures have created intricate formal ceremonies for these events.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Afternoon tea is a British custom with widespread appeal.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea ceremonies, with their roots in the Chinese tea culture, differ among Asian countries, such as the Japanese or Korean versions.", "Luzianne __knowledge__ Luzianne (an adaptation of \"Luzianna\", a regional pronunciation for \"Louisiana\") is the brand name for a line of Southern beverages and packaged goods, of which Luzianne coffee and iced tea products are the best known.", "Luzianne __knowledge__ Although most Luzianne products are available throughout the country, the popularity of the brand rests mainly in the Southern United States.", "Luzianne __knowledge__ Products carrying the Luzianne brand name are manufactured by the Reily Foods Company, which has its headquarters in New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Luzianne __knowledge__ In the late 1890s, William B. Reily was operating a wholesale grocery company in Monroe, Louisiana.", "Lipton __knowledge__ Lipton is a British brand of tea, owned by the company Unilever.", "Lipton __knowledge__ Lipton was also a supermarket chain in the United Kingdom before it was sold off to Argyll Foods, to allow the company to focus solely on tea.", "Lipton __knowledge__ The company is named after its founder Thomas Lipton.", "Lipton __knowledge__ The Lipton ready-to-drink beverages are sold by Pepsi Lipton International, a company jointly owned by Unilever and PepsiCo.", "Lipton __knowledge__ In 1871 Thomas Lipton (1848–1931) of Glasgow, Scotland used his small savings to open his own shop, and by the 1880s the business had grown to more than 200 shops.", "Lipton __knowledge__ In 1929 the Lipton grocery retail business was one of the companies that merged with Home and Colonial Stores, Maypole Dairy Company, Vyes & Boroughs,Templetons, Galbraiths & Pearks to form a food group with more than 3,000 stores.", "Reily Foods Company __knowledge__ Reily Foods Company is the primary division of Wm.", "Reily Foods Company __knowledge__ B. Reily & Company Inc. and specializes in selling food and beverages.", "Reily Foods Company __knowledge__ The company started in the coffee and tea business and has diversified through to include condiments, dressings, seasonings, and baking products.", "Reily Foods Company __knowledge__ Luzianne Iced Tea is available nationally while other products have greater distribution and demand in the Southern United States.", "Reily Foods Company __knowledge__ The Reily Foods Company is headquartered in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Reily Foods Company __knowledge__ William B. Reily began his career in the grocery and packaged goods business in the late 1870s as a country store clerk in Bastrop, LA.", "Iced coffee __knowledge__ Iced coffee is cold coffee with ice.", "Iced coffee __knowledge__ The iced latte and iced mocha are examples.", "Iced coffee __knowledge__ There are various brewing methods, with the fundamental division being cold brew – brewing the coffee cold, yielding different flavor, but not requiring cooling – or brewing hot and then cooling, generally by simply pouring over ice or into ice cold milk.", "Iced coffee __knowledge__ In case of hot brewing this can be normally brewed coffee (drip, press pot, etc.", "Iced coffee __knowledge__ ), or espresso.", "Iced coffee __knowledge__ Also in hot brewing, sweeteners and flavorings are often mixed into the hot coffee before cooling, due to faster dissolution in hot water.", "Iced coffee __knowledge__ Alternatively, syrup (sugar pre-dissolved in water) may be used, particularly gum syrup.", "Third wave of coffee __knowledge__ The third wave of coffee is a movement to produce high-quality coffee, and consider coffee as an artisanal foodstuff, like wine, rather than a commodity.", "Third wave of coffee __knowledge__ This involves improvements at all stages of production, from improving coffee plant growing, harvesting, and processing, to stronger relationships between coffee growers, traders, and roasters, to higher quality and fresh roasting, at times called \"microroasting\" (by analogy with microbrew beer), to skilled brewing.", "Third wave of coffee __knowledge__ Third wave coffee aspires to the highest form of culinary appreciation of coffee, so that one may appreciate subtleties of flavor, varietal, and growing region – similar to other complex consumable plant-derived products such as wine, tea, and chocolate.", "Espresso __knowledge__ Espresso (, , lit.", "Espresso __knowledge__ \"expressed\" from \"esprimere\", \"to express\" or \"to force out\") is coffee brewed by expressing or forcing out a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans.", "Espresso __knowledge__ Espresso is generally thicker than coffee brewed by other methods, has a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids, and has \"crema\" on top (a foam with a creamy consistency).", "Espresso __knowledge__ As a result of the pressurized brewing process, the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of espresso are very concentrated.", "Espresso __knowledge__ Espresso is also the base for other drinks such as a caffè latte, cappuccino, caffè macchiato, caffè mocha, flat white, or caffè Americano.", "Intelligentsia Coffee &amp; Tea __knowledge__ Intelligentsia Coffee & Tea is a US coffee roasting company and retailer based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Intelligentsia Coffee &amp; Tea __knowledge__ Founded in 1995 by Doug Zell and Emily Mange, Intelligentsia is considered a major representative of third wave coffee.", "Intelligentsia Coffee &amp; Tea __knowledge__ In 2015, Peet's Coffee & Tea (itself part of JAB Holding Company) acquired a majority stake in the company.", "Intelligentsia Coffee &amp; Tea __knowledge__ Aside from its headquarters at 1850 W. Fulton Street, Intelligentsia has several cafe retail locations throughout the Chicago area.", "Intelligentsia Coffee &amp; Tea __knowledge__ They supply coffee to various Chicago-area cafes and restaurants, as well as other locations in the US and Canada.", "Intelligentsia Coffee &amp; Tea __knowledge__ They generally buy their beans directly from growers in Central America, South America, East Africa, and Ethiopia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Feminism __knowledge__ Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes.", "Feminism __knowledge__ This includes seeking to establish educational and professional opportunities for women that are equal to those for men.", "Feminism __knowledge__ Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights, including the right to vote, to hold public office, to work, to earn fair wages or equal pay, to own property, to receive education, to enter contracts, to have equal rights within marriage, and to have maternity leave.", "Fair trade coffee __knowledge__ Fair trade coffee is coffee that is certified as having been produced to fair trade standards.", "Fair trade coffee __knowledge__ Fair trade organizations create trading partnerships that are based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade.", "Fair trade coffee __knowledge__ These partnerships contribute to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to coffee bean farmers.", "Fair trade coffee __knowledge__ Fair trade organizations are engaged actively in supporting producers and sustainable environmental farming practices.", "Fair trade coffee __knowledge__ Fair trade practices prohibit child or forced labor.", "Fair trade coffee __knowledge__ Prior to fair trade, prices were regulated by the International Coffee Organization according to the regulations set forth by the International Coffee Agreement of 1962." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee known as VIA, espresso, caffe latte, full- and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products, Evolution Fresh juices, Frappuccino beverages, La Boulange pastries, and snacks including items such as chips and crackers; some offerings (including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte) are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Many stores sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and drinkware including mugs and tumblers; select \"Starbucks Evenings\" locations offer beer, wine, and appetizers.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ Diana Prince is a fictional character appearing regularly in stories published by DC Comics, as the secret identity of the Amazonian superhero Wonder Woman, who bought the credentials and identity from a United States Army nurse, named Diana Prince, who went to South America and married her fiancé to become Diana White.", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ The character debuted in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942) and was created by Charles Moulton and H. G. Peter.", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ The fictional career of Diana Prince evolved over the years, from the original Army nurse to becoming a military intelligence officer (promoted to higher ranks), then later a civilian employee, businesswoman, astronaut, or staff member at the United Nations, etc.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "The Recipe (film) __knowledge__ The Recipe (; literally \"Soybean paste\") is a 2010 South Korean film about a television producer who finds out many surprising truths while tracking down the story about a mysterious bean paste stew.", "The Recipe (film) __knowledge__ Behind the captivating taste lies a woman’s unfortunate life and love story.", "The Recipe (film) __knowledge__ Jang Hye-jin (Lee Yo-won) is an ordinary woman whose doenjang jjigae (soybean paste soup) is to die for.", "The Recipe (film) __knowledge__ Yet Jang is not famous for her recipe and lives a quiet life.", "The Recipe (film) __knowledge__ When a notorious murderer on death row requests Jang’s soup as his last meal, television producer Choi Yoo-jin (Ryu Seung-ryong) starts looking for Jang and the recipe.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ The KFC Original Recipe is the secret mix of ingredients that fast food restaurant chain KFC uses to produce fried chicken.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ By the late 1930s, Harland Sanders' Corbin, Kentucky gas station was so well known for his fried chicken, that Sanders decided to remove the gas pumps and build a restaurant and motel in its place.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ While perfecting his secret recipe with 11 herbs and spices, Sanders found that pan frying chicken was too slow, requiring 30 minutes per order.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ French frying the chicken in a wire basket immersed in deep fat required half the time, but produced dry, unevenly done chicken.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ In 1939 he found that using a pressure cooker produced tasty, moist chicken in eight or nine minutes.", "Altazores __knowledge__ Altazores is a Chilean rock band founded in 2004 by the multi-instrumentalist songwriter Mauricio Herrera who after writing, recording and producing his songs, formed a group of musicians for live performances.", "Altazores __knowledge__ The group became known for their third album \"Secret Behind the Chaos\", published by the record company , as their music and lyrics were contingent on the student movement in Chile in 2011 considered one of the largest and most important since the return to democracy.", "Altazores __knowledge__ Since 2004 the group has released four official albums and 13 singles, including a live EP and three compilation albums.", "Altazores __knowledge__ The group takes its name in tribute to the poem \"Altazor or parachute ride\", a masterpiece of Chilean poet Vicente Huidobro.", "Third wave of coffee __knowledge__ The third wave of coffee is a movement to produce high-quality coffee, and consider coffee as an artisanal foodstuff, like wine, rather than a commodity.", "Third wave of coffee __knowledge__ This involves improvements at all stages of production, from improving coffee plant growing, harvesting, and processing, to stronger relationships between coffee growers, traders, and roasters, to higher quality and fresh roasting, at times called \"microroasting\" (by analogy with microbrew beer), to skilled brewing.", "Third wave of coffee __knowledge__ Third wave coffee aspires to the highest form of culinary appreciation of coffee, so that one may appreciate subtleties of flavor, varietal, and growing region – similar to other complex consumable plant-derived products such as wine, tea, and chocolate.", "Super Kid __knowledge__ Super Kid (Syupeochaildeu 슈퍼 차일드, literally translated as Super Child) is a 1994 South Korean science fiction animated film.", "Super Kid __knowledge__ The movie follows the adventures of a group of super-powered space children who are called upon the emergence of an intergalactic threat.", "Super Kid __knowledge__ The movie was produced over a period of three years by UM Productions and was released direct to video.", "Super Kid __knowledge__ The movie has gained notoriety for its muddled plot, poor film quality and continuity errors, and its similarity to the \"Dragon Ball\" franchise.", "Super Kid __knowledge__ In the year 2023, a group of super-powered space-faring warrior children called the Super Kids (or \"Gokdari Group\"), protect the Earth from interstellar monsters.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Espresso __knowledge__ Espresso (, , lit.", "Espresso __knowledge__ \"expressed\" from \"esprimere\", \"to express\" or \"to force out\") is coffee brewed by expressing or forcing out a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans.", "Espresso __knowledge__ Espresso is generally thicker than coffee brewed by other methods, has a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids, and has \"crema\" on top (a foam with a creamy consistency).", "Espresso __knowledge__ As a result of the pressurized brewing process, the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of espresso are very concentrated.", "Espresso __knowledge__ Espresso is also the base for other drinks such as a caffè latte, cappuccino, caffè macchiato, caffè mocha, flat white, or caffè Americano.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee known as VIA, espresso, caffe latte, full- and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products, Evolution Fresh juices, Frappuccino beverages, La Boulange pastries, and snacks including items such as chips and crackers; some offerings (including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte) are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Many stores sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and drinkware including mugs and tumblers; select \"Starbucks Evenings\" locations offer beer, wine, and appetizers.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Coffee roasting __knowledge__ Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans into roasted coffee products.", "Coffee roasting __knowledge__ The roasting process is what produces the characteristic flavor of coffee by causing the green coffee beans to change in taste.", "Coffee roasting __knowledge__ Unroasted beans contain similar if not higher levels of acids, protein, sugars, and caffeine as those that have been roasted, but lack the taste of roasted coffee beans due to the Maillard and other chemical reactions that occur during roasting.", "Coffee roasting __knowledge__ The vast majority of coffee is roasted commercially on a large scale, but small-scale commercial roasting has grown significantly with the trend toward \"single-origin\" coffees served at specialty shops.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ Coffee drinks are made by brewing hot water (or much less commonly, cold water) with ground coffee beans.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ The brewing is either done slowly by drip or filter, French press or \"cafetière\", percolator, etc., or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine, where the coffee is termed \"espresso\"—slow-brewed coffees are generally regarded simply as \"coffee\".", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ All coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, in different strengths; some drinks have milk or cream added, some use steamed milk, cream, plant based milk, or foamed milk, some have flavorings or sweeteners, some have alcoholic liqueurs added, some are combinations of coffee with espresso or tea.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeination is the removal of caffeine from coffee beans, cocoa, tea leaves, and other caffeine-containing materials.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ While soft drinks which do not use caffeine as an ingredient are sometimes described as \"decaffeinated\", they are better termed \"non-caffeinated\" because decaffeinated implies that there was caffeine present at one point in time.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeinated drinks contain typically 1–2% of the original caffeine content, and sometimes as much as 20%.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeinated products are commonly termed decaf.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge performed the first isolation of pure caffeine from coffee beans in 1820.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ It can have both positive and negative effects on different aspects of memory.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ The effects of caffeine on short-term memory (STM) are controversial.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ Findings are inconsistent, as many effects of caffeine sometimes impair short-term and working memory, whereas the other studies indicate enhancing effects.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ Increasing our capacities of STM and working memory only seem to have beneficial impacts upon our daily lives.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ Increasing our memory capacities would result in retaining more information for extended periods of time and encoding information from STM to long-term memory.", "Coffee in Seattle __knowledge__ Seattle is regarded as a world center for coffee roasting and coffee supply chain management.", "Coffee in Seattle __knowledge__ Related to this, many Seattle-area people are coffee enthusiasts and they maintain a coffee culture in Seattle's many coffeehouses.", "Coffee in Seattle __knowledge__ People in Seattle consume more coffee than in any other American city; one study stated that there are 35 coffeeshops per 100,000 residents and that Seattle people spend an average of $36 a month on coffee.", "Coffee in Seattle __knowledge__ It is nearly impossible to walk past a single block in a commercial area in Seattle without walking past at least one coffee shop.", "Coffee in Seattle __knowledge__ Coffee drinkers can get coffee at a local sidewalk stand, parking lot, tiny coffee houses, big coffee houses, drive-through, and even delivery.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Service à la russe __knowledge__ Service à la russe (French, \"service in the Russian style\") is a manner of dining that involves courses being brought to the table sequentially.", "Service à la russe __knowledge__ It contrasts with \"service à la française\" (\"service in the French style\") in which all the food is brought out at once, in an impressive display.", "Service à la russe __knowledge__ Russian Ambassador Alexander Kurakin is credited with bringing \"service à la russe\" to France in the early 19th century.", "Service à la russe __knowledge__ It later caught on in England and is now the style in which most modern Western restaurants serve food (with some significant modifications).", "Service à la russe __knowledge__ For the most correct \"service à la russe\", the following must be observed: The place setting (called a cover) for each guest includes a service plate, all the necessary cutlery except those required for dessert, and stemmed glasses for water, wines and champagne." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 4, 5, 9 ]

[ "Interesting since it was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Do you have a favorite? Have you heard of \"second wave coffee\"", "second wave coffee is what starbucks says they are. It means they are better then everyone else in taste ", "I think it's that all the coffee that make is based on lighter roast's. Gives it a better taste. ", "Caffeine is the most psychoactive drug in the world. But I do not think the coffee roast had to do much with the caffeine anymore. " ]

[ "Starbucks", "Starbucks", "Starbucks", "Starbucks", "Starbucks" ]

[ "Archaeology\nMy brother is an archaeologist. It seems such an interesting profession. Do you know much about it?", "He loves his job and travels to so many countries. Do you know what you need to study to get into an archaeology course?", "Interesting. I am currently in school doing all the sciences, chemistry, biology, physics as well as maths and sociology so i am hoping I will be eligible for a degree in Archaeology.", "Is that right? I wasnt sure what it meant. i think my interest stemmed in the subject when i was young watching the indiana jones films. Of course they are not real life but they are so entertaining and fascinating!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ In North America, archaeology is considered a sub-field of anthropology, while in Europe archaeology is often viewed as either a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology as a field is distinct from the discipline of palaeontology, the study of fossil remains.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for whom there may be no written records to study.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in societies across the world.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.", "Anglo-Saxon paganism __knowledge__ Anglo-Saxon paganism, sometimes termed Anglo-Saxon heathenism, Anglo-Saxon pre-Christian religion, or Anglo-Saxon traditional religion, refers to the religious beliefs and practices followed by the Anglo-Saxons between the 5th and 8th centuries AD, during the initial period of Early Medieval England.", "Anglo-Saxon paganism __knowledge__ A variant of the Germanic paganism found across much of north-western Europe, it encompassed a heterogeneous variety of disparate beliefs and cultic practices, with much regional variation.", "Anglo-Saxon paganism __knowledge__ Developing from the earlier Iron Age religion of continental northern Europe, it was introduced to Britain following the Anglo-Saxon migration in the mid 5th century, and remained the dominant belief system in England until the Christianisation of its kingdoms between the 7th and 8th centuries, with some aspects gradually blending into folklore.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Mortimer Wheeler __knowledge__ Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British archaeologist and officer in the British Army.", "Mortimer Wheeler __knowledge__ Over the course of his career, he served as Director of both the National Museum of Wales and London Museum, Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, and the founder and Honorary Director of the Institute of Archaeology in London, further writing twenty-four books on archaeological subjects.", "Mortimer Wheeler __knowledge__ Born in Glasgow to a middle-class family, Wheeler was raised largely in Yorkshire before relocating to London in his teenage years.", "Mortimer Wheeler __knowledge__ After studying Classics at University College London (UCL), he began working professionally in archaeology, specializing in the Romano-British period.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ As the World Turns is a long-running soap opera television series that aired on CBS from April 2, 1956, to September 17, 2010.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ Its fictional world has a long and involved history.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ List of characters who were part of the original cast: Like many daytime dramas of the period, the show entered into a mixed experiment with heavily youth-oriented action-adventure storylines in the early 1980s under producer Mary-Ellis Bunim and writers Bridget and Jerome Dobson.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ One of their juiciest stories centered around the various and sundry traumas endured by Jennifer's daughter Barbara Ryan (Colleen Zenk Pinter) - during the years of her marriage to the charismatic criminal James Stenbeck (Anthony Herrera) (This was after she had left Tom Hughes at the altar in June 1980)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ In North America, archaeology is considered a sub-field of anthropology, while in Europe archaeology is often viewed as either a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology as a field is distinct from the discipline of palaeontology, the study of fossil remains.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for whom there may be no written records to study.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in societies across the world.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Levantine archaeology __knowledge__ Levantine archaeology is the archaeological study of the Levant.", "Levantine archaeology __knowledge__ It is also known as Syro-Palestinian archaeology or Palestinian archaeology (particularly when the area of inquiry centers on ancient Palestine.)", "Levantine archaeology __knowledge__ Besides its importance to the discipline of Biblical archaeology, the Levant is highly important when forming an understanding of the history of the earliest peoples of the Stone Age.", "Levantine archaeology __knowledge__ As a field of archaeology, Levantine Archaeology encompasses excavations, salvage, conservation and reconstruction efforts, as well as off-site research, interpretation, and other scholarship.", "Levantine archaeology __knowledge__ The geographical scope of Levantine archaeology includes Syria, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan, Cyprus, and the Hatay Province of Turkey.", "V. Gordon Childe __knowledge__ Vere Gordon Childe (14 April 1892 – 19 October 1957), better known as V. Gordon Childe, was an Australian archaeologist and philologist who specialized in the study of European prehistory.", "V. Gordon Childe __knowledge__ Working most of his life as an academic in the United Kingdom for the University of Edinburgh and then the Institute of Archaeology, London, he wrote twenty-six books and was an early proponent of culture-historical archaeology and Marxist archaeology.", "V. Gordon Childe __knowledge__ Born in Sydney, New South Wales to a middle-class family of English descent, Childe studied classics at the University of Sydney before moving to England to study Classical archaeology at the University of Oxford.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ American anthropology has culture as its central and unifying concept.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ This most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: Research in these fields has influenced anthropologists working in other countries to different degrees.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ Discussion concerning culture among biological anthropologists centers around two debates.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ First, is culture uniquely human or shared by other species (most notably, other primates)?", "History of archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record).", "History of archaeology __knowledge__ The development of the field of archaeology has it roots with history and with those who were interested in the past such as kings who wanted to show past glories of their respective nations.", "History of archaeology __knowledge__ The 5th-century-BC Greek historian Herodotus was the first scholar to systematically study the past and perhaps the first to examine artifacts.", "Maritime archaeology __knowledge__ Maritime archaeology (also known as marine archaeology) is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, shore side facilities, port-related structures, cargoes, human remains and submerged landscapes.", "Maritime archaeology __knowledge__ A specialty within maritime archaeology is nautical archaeology, which studies vessel construction and use.", "Maritime archaeology __knowledge__ As with archaeology as a whole, maritime archaeology can be practised within the historical, industrial, or prehistoric periods.", "Maritime archaeology __knowledge__ An associated discipline, and again one that lies within archaeology itself, is underwater archaeology, which studies the past through any submerged remains be they of maritime interest or not.", "Cultural-historical activity theory __knowledge__ Cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) is a theoretical framework which helps to understand and analyse the relationship between the human mind (what people think and feel) and activity (what people do).", "Cultural-historical activity theory __knowledge__ It traces its origins to the founders of the cultural-historical school of Russian psychology L. S. Vygotsky and Aleksei N. Leontiev.", "Cultural-historical activity theory __knowledge__ Vygotsky's important insight into the dynamics of consciousness was that it is essentially subjective and shaped by the history of each individual's social and cultural experience.", "Cultural-historical activity theory __knowledge__ Especially since the 1990s, CHAT has attracted a growing interest among academics worldwide.", "Archaeological site __knowledge__ An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.", "Archaeological site __knowledge__ Sites may range from those with few or no remains visible above ground, to buildings and other structures still in use.", "Archaeological site __knowledge__ Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a \"site\" can vary widely, depending on the period studied and the theoretical approach of the archaeologist.", "Archaeological site __knowledge__ It is almost invariably difficult to delimit a site." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ In North America, archaeology is considered a sub-field of anthropology, while in Europe archaeology is often viewed as either a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology as a field is distinct from the discipline of palaeontology, the study of fossil remains.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for whom there may be no written records to study.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in societies across the world.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.", "Science education in England __knowledge__ Science education in England is generally regulated at all levels, from 'primary' to 'tertiary' (university).", "Science education in England __knowledge__ Below university-level, science education is the responsibility of three bodies: the Department for Education, Ofqual and the QAA, but at university-level, science education is regulated by various \"professional bodies\", and the Bologna Process via the QAA.", "Science education in England __knowledge__ The QAA and Ofqual regulate science education for students aged 16 years and over that are not studying for university degrees, except content for GCSEs, and GCE AS and A levels, while the Department for Education regulates for students aged 16 years and under, as well as content for GCSEs, and (GCE) AS and A levels regardless of age.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Yerevan State University (YSU; , \"Yerevani Petakan Hamalsaran\"), also simply University of Yerevan, is the oldest continuously operating public university in Armenia.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Founded in 1919, it is the largest and most prestigious university in the country.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ It is thus informally known as Armenia's \"mother university\" (Մայր ԲՈւՀ, \"Mayr Buh\").", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Of its 3,150 employees, 1,190 comprise the teaching staff which includes 25 academicians, 130 professors, 700 docents (associate professors), and 360 assistant lecturers.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ The university has 400 researchers, 1,350 post-graduate students, and 8,500 undergraduates, including 300 students from abroad.", "Natural scientific research in Canada __knowledge__ This article outlines the history of natural scientific research in Canada, including physics, astronomy, space science, geology, oceanography, chemistry, biology, and medical research.", "Natural scientific research in Canada __knowledge__ Neither the social sciences nor the formal sciences are treated here.", "Natural scientific research in Canada __knowledge__ The early European explorers were responsible for charting much of what would become the east and west coasts of Canada as well as the Arctic.", "Natural scientific research in Canada __knowledge__ John Cabot, the Italian explorer sailing under the English flag made two voyages to North America in 1497 and 1498 along the coast of what is now called Newfoundland.", "Natural scientific research in Canada __knowledge__ Gaspar Corte-Real, the Portuguese explorer, is thought to have explored the area along the Newfoundland, Labrador and Greenland coasts in 1500 and 1501.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "Women in science __knowledge__ britan Women have made significant contributions to science from the earliest times.", "Women in science __knowledge__ Historians with an interest in gender and science have illuminated the scientific endeavors and accomplishments of women, the barriers they have faced, and the strategies implemented to have their work peer-reviewed and accepted in major scientific journals and other publications.", "Women in science __knowledge__ The historical, critical and sociological study of these issues has become an academic discipline in its own right.", "Women in science __knowledge__ The involvement of women in the field of medicine occurred in several early civilizations, and the study of natural philosophy in ancient Greece was open to women.", "Durham University __knowledge__ Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, North East England, with a second campus in Stockton-on-Tees.", "Durham University __knowledge__ It was founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and granted a Royal Charter in 1837.", "Durham University __knowledge__ It was one of the first universities to commence tuition in England for more than 600 years and is one of a number of institutions that has been described as the third-oldest university in England.", "Durham University __knowledge__ The Durham University estate includes 63 listed buildings, ranging from the 11th-century Durham Castle to a 1930s Art Deco chapel.", "Durham University __knowledge__ The university also owns and manages the Durham World Heritage Site in partnership with Durham Cathedral.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Social anthropology and cultural anthropology study the norms and values of societies.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Biological or physical anthropology studies the biological development of humans.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right or grouped under other related disciplines, such as history.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ This study is practiced in multiple countries, each of whom has their own history of how anthropology has developed in their respective countries.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ Anthropology in Latin America is a well established discipline that has existed for over 100 years.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ The countries that are summarized in this section include Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, the Andean region, Costa Rica, and Colombia.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ Latin America anthropologists established their discipline in conjunction with American and European anthropologists, and revised their disciplines to study cultural phenomena through their own perspectives, independent of American and European thought.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ American anthropology has culture as its central and unifying concept.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ This most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: Research in these fields has influenced anthropologists working in other countries to different degrees.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ Discussion concerning culture among biological anthropologists centers around two debates.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ First, is culture uniquely human or shared by other species (most notably, other primates)?", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ History of anthropology in this article refers primarily to the 18th- and 19th-century precursors of modern anthropology.", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ The term anthropology itself, innovated as a New Latin scientific word during the Renaissance, has always meant \"the study (or science) of man.\"", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ The topics to be included and the terminology have varied historically.", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ At present they are more elaborate than they were during the development of anthropology.", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ For a presentation of modern social and cultural anthropology as they have developed in Britain, France, and North America since approximately 1900, see the relevant sections under Anthropology.", "Cultural anthropology __knowledge__ Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans.", "Cultural anthropology __knowledge__ It is in contrast to social anthropology, which perceives cultural variation as a subset of the anthropological constant.", "Cultural anthropology __knowledge__ Cultural anthropology has a rich methodology, including participant observation (often called fieldwork because it requires the anthropologist spending an extended period of time at the research location), interviews, and surveys.", "Cultural anthropology __knowledge__ One of the earliest articulations of the anthropological meaning of the term \"culture\" came from Sir Edward Tylor who writes on the first page of his 1871 book: \"Culture, or civilization, taken in its broad, ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.\"", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ Franz Uri Boas (; ; July 9, 1858December 21, 1942) was a German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the \"Father of American Anthropology\".", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ His work is associated with the movement of anthropological historicism.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ Studying in Germany, Boas was awarded a doctorate in 1881 in physics while also studying geography.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ He then participated in a geographical expedition to northern Canada, where he became fascinated with the culture and language of the Baffin Island Inuit.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ He went on to do field work with the indigenous cultures and languages of the Pacific Northwest." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ In North America, archaeology is considered a sub-field of anthropology, while in Europe archaeology is often viewed as either a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology as a field is distinct from the discipline of palaeontology, the study of fossil remains.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for whom there may be no written records to study.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in societies across the world.", "Archaeology __knowledge__ Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.", "Indiana Jones __knowledge__ Dr. Henry Walton \"Indiana\" Jones Jr. is a title character and protagonist of the \"Indiana Jones\" franchise.", "Indiana Jones __knowledge__ George Lucas created the character in homage to the action heroes of 1930s film serials.", "Indiana Jones __knowledge__ The character first appeared in the 1981 film \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\", to be followed by \"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom\" in 1984, \"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\" in 1989, \"The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles\" from 1992 to 1996, and \"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\" in 2008.", "Indiana Jones __knowledge__ The character is also featured in novels, comics, video games, and other media.", "Indiana Jones __knowledge__ Jones is also featured in several Disney theme parks, including the Indiana Jones Adventure, Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril, and \"Epic Stunt Spectacular!\"", "Indiana Jones (franchise) __knowledge__ Indiana Jones is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Walton \"Indiana\" Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology.", "Indiana Jones (franchise) __knowledge__ It began in 1981 with the film \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\".", "Indiana Jones (franchise) __knowledge__ A prequel, \"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom\", followed in 1984, and a sequel, \"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\", was released in 1989.", "Indiana Jones (franchise) __knowledge__ A fourth film, \"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\", was released in 2008, and was the last in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures.", "Indiana Jones (franchise) __knowledge__ The series was created by George Lucas, and its films are directed by Steven Spielberg and star Harrison Ford as the title character.", "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull __knowledge__ Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is a 2008 American action adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and the fourth installment in the \"Indiana Jones\" series.", "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull __knowledge__ Released nineteen years after the previous film, the film is set in 1957, pitting Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) against Soviet agents—led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett)—searching for a telepathic crystal skull.", "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull __knowledge__ Jones is aided by his former lover, Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen), and her son, Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf).", "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull __knowledge__ Ray Winstone, John Hurt, and Jim Broadbent are also part of the supporting cast.", "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull __knowledge__ Screenwriters Jeb Stuart, Jeffrey Boam, Frank Darabont, and Jeff Nathanson wrote drafts before David Koepp's script satisfied the producers.", "List of Indiana Jones characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"Indiana Jones\" series.", "List of Indiana Jones characters __knowledge__ Dr. Henry Walton \"Indiana\" Jones, Jr. (Harrison Ford), the titular character of the franchise, is an archaeologist and college professor who leads a double life as a globe-trotting fortune hunter seeking out rare antiquities.", "List of Indiana Jones characters __knowledge__ \"Indiana\" is a nickname he adopted from childhood; it was the name of his pet dog.", "List of Indiana Jones characters __knowledge__ Wearing a fedora and armed with a revolver and a bull whip, Indiana is regularly confronted by villains, booby traps, and snakes, of which he is deathly afraid.", "List of Indiana Jones characters __knowledge__ Actors who have portrayed Indiana at different ages include River Phoenix, Corey Carrier, Sean Patrick Flanery, and George Hall.", "Indyfans and the Quest for Fortune and Glory __knowledge__ Indyfans and the Quest for Fortune and Glory is a 2008 American feature length documentary fan film written and directed by Brandon Kleyla to examine interest in the Indiana Jones films through interviews and profiles of more than 50 devotees of the films.", "Indyfans and the Quest for Fortune and Glory __knowledge__ Kleyla had been himself an actor since 1991 when he performed in an equity production of \"Evita\" at Daytona Beach Community College.", "Indyfans and the Quest for Fortune and Glory __knowledge__ In 1995 he played the character Bobby Fricker in the film \"Now and Then\", followed by his role as Josiah in \"\" (1996), the young version of the character James Whale in \"Gods and Monsters\" (1998), and the character of Young Kevin in \"Free Enterprise\" (1998).", "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles __knowledge__ The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles is an American television series that aired on ABC from March 4, 1992, to July 24, 1993.", "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles __knowledge__ Filming took place in various locations around the world, with \"Old Indy\" bookend segments filmed in Wilmington, North Carolina and on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.", "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles __knowledge__ The series was an Amblin Television/Lucasfilm production in association with Paramount Network Television.", "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles __knowledge__ The series explores the childhood and youth of the fictional character Indiana Jones and primarily stars Sean Patrick Flanery and Corey Carrier as the title character, with George Hall playing an elderly version of Jones for the bookends of most episodes, though Harrison Ford bookended one episode.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era, as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have spanned many themes and genres.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films, such as \"Jaws\" (1975), \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\" (1977), \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (1981), and \"E.T.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ the Extra-Terrestrial\" (1982), were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Social anthropology and cultural anthropology study the norms and values of societies.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Biological or physical anthropology studies the biological development of humans.", "Anthropology __knowledge__ Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right or grouped under other related disciplines, such as history.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ History of anthropology in this article refers primarily to the 18th- and 19th-century precursors of modern anthropology.", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ The term anthropology itself, innovated as a New Latin scientific word during the Renaissance, has always meant \"the study (or science) of man.\"", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ The topics to be included and the terminology have varied historically.", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ At present they are more elaborate than they were during the development of anthropology.", "History of anthropology __knowledge__ For a presentation of modern social and cultural anthropology as they have developed in Britain, France, and North America since approximately 1900, see the relevant sections under Anthropology.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ This study is practiced in multiple countries, each of whom has their own history of how anthropology has developed in their respective countries.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ Anthropology in Latin America is a well established discipline that has existed for over 100 years.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ The countries that are summarized in this section include Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, the Andean region, Costa Rica, and Colombia.", "History of anthropology by country __knowledge__ Latin America anthropologists established their discipline in conjunction with American and European anthropologists, and revised their disciplines to study cultural phenomena through their own perspectives, independent of American and European thought.", "Sociology __knowledge__ Sociology is the scientific study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.", "Sociology __knowledge__ It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, acceptance, and change.", "Sociology __knowledge__ Many sociologists aim to conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes.", "Sociology __knowledge__ Subject matter ranges from the micro-sociology level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure.", "Renaissance __knowledge__ The Renaissance (, ) was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history.", "Renaissance __knowledge__ It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Modern age.", "Renaissance __knowledge__ The intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its own invented version of humanism, derived from the concept of Roman Humanitas and the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such as that of Protagoras, who said that \"Man is the measure of all things.\"", "Renaissance __knowledge__ This new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ Franz Uri Boas (; ; July 9, 1858December 21, 1942) was a German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the \"Father of American Anthropology\".", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ His work is associated with the movement of anthropological historicism.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ Studying in Germany, Boas was awarded a doctorate in 1881 in physics while also studying geography.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ He then participated in a geographical expedition to northern Canada, where he became fascinated with the culture and language of the Baffin Island Inuit.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ He went on to do field work with the indigenous cultures and languages of the Pacific Northwest." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 57, 11 ]

[ "Yes, I know archaeology is the study of human activity through analysis of artifacts.", "It is often a sub-field of anthropology so that is often what is studied in school. There are several types of archaeology.", "I see. Anthropology is broadly, the study of man. The term was coined in the Renaissance.", "I love the Indiana Jones movies! George Lucas made the character as an homage to 1930s film serial action heroes." ]

[ "Archaeology", "Archaeology", "Archaeology", "Archaeology" ]

[ "Tea", "I do. I am a sweet tea drinker. I never realized it is drank that much. ", "Do people still use it as medicine?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the \"Camellia sinensis\", an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.", "Tea __knowledge__ After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.", "Tea __knowledge__ There are many different types of tea; some, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral or grassy notes.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink.", "Tea __knowledge__ It was popularized as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.", "Tea __knowledge__ Portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to Europe during the 16th century.", "Tea __knowledge__ During the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among Britons, who started large-scale production and commercialization of the plant in India to bypass the Chinese monopoly.", "Tea __knowledge__ The term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from \"Camellia sinensis\": infusions of fruit, leaves, or other parts of the plant, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos.", "Tea __knowledge__ These are sometimes called \"tisanes\" or \"herbal infusions\" to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the \"Camellia sinensis\", an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.", "Tea __knowledge__ After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.", "Tea __knowledge__ There are many different types of tea; some, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral or grassy notes.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink.", "Tea __knowledge__ It was popularized as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.", "Tea __knowledge__ Portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to Europe during the 16th century.", "Tea __knowledge__ During the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among Britons, who started large-scale production and commercialization of the plant in India to bypass the Chinese monopoly.", "Tea __knowledge__ The term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from \"Camellia sinensis\": infusions of fruit, leaves, or other parts of the plant, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos.", "Tea __knowledge__ These are sometimes called \"tisanes\" or \"herbal infusions\" to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ American tea culture encompasses the methods of preparation and means of consumption of tea within the context of the culture of the United States.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ American restaurants and workplaces typically offer machine-made drip brew coffee by default, while hot tea brewed by the cup with tea bags, an American invention, is available by request.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ Tea has played an important role in the United States, as families tend to gather around the kitchen and tea is often served here.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ Although many may equate tea to grandmothers, tea drinking is popular with all ages.", "American tea culture __knowledge__ Tea parties can be celebrated for many occasions, from the very small and intimate to the large family gatherings and celebrations.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea (or ice tea; \"thé glacé\" in French) is a form of cold tea.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Though usually served in a glass with ice, it can refer to a tea that has been chilled or cooled.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ It may or may not be sweetened.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea is also a popular packaged drink.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ It can be mixed with flavored syrup, with multiple common flavors including lemon, raspberry, lime, passion fruit, peach, orange, strawberry, and cherry.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ While most iced teas get their flavor from tea leaves (\"Camellia sinensis\"), herbal teas are sometimes served cold and referred to as iced tea.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea is sometimes made by a particularly long steeping of tea leaves at lower temperature (one hour in the sun versus 5 minutes at 180–212 °F / 80–100 °C).", "Sweet tea __knowledge__ Sweet tea is a style of iced tea commonly consumed in the United States, especially the Southern United States.", "Sweet tea __knowledge__ Sweet tea is made by adding sugar to bags of black tea brewing in hot water while the mixture is still hot.", "Sweet tea __knowledge__ The tea is traditionally served ice-cold with only sugar.", "Sweet tea __knowledge__ It may sometimes be flavored, usually with raspberry, lemon, or mint.", "Sweet tea __knowledge__ Sweet tea can also be made with a simple syrup and is sometimes tempered with baking soda to reduce the drink's acidity.", "Sweet tea __knowledge__ Although sweet tea may be brewed with a lower sugar and calorie content than most fruit juices and sugary sodas, it is not unusual to find sweet tea with a sugar level as high as 22 brix (percent weight sucrose in water), twice that of Coca-Cola.", "History of tea __knowledge__ The history of tea is long and complex, spreading across multiple cultures over the span of thousands of years.", "History of tea __knowledge__ Tea likely originated in southwest China during the Shang dynasty as a medicinal drink.", "History of tea __knowledge__ An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the 3rd century AD, in a medical text written by Hua Tuo.", "History of tea __knowledge__ Tea was first introduced to Portuguese priests and merchants in China during the 16th century.", "History of tea __knowledge__ Drinking tea became popular in Britain during the 17th century.", "History of tea __knowledge__ The British introduced tea production, as well as tea consumption, to India, in order to compete with the Chinese monopoly on tea.", "History of tea __knowledge__ \"\"Camellia sinensis\" originated in southeast Asia, specifically around the intersection of latitude 29°N and longitude 98°E, the point of confluence of the lands of northeast India, north Burma, southwest China and Tibet.", "Freaknik: The Musical __knowledge__ Freaknik: The Musical is a musical television special produced by T-Pain.", "Freaknik: The Musical __knowledge__ It features the voice of T-Pain as the Ghost of Freaknik, as well as the voices of entertainers such as Lil Wayne, Young Cash, Snoop Dogg, Sophia Fresh, and Rick Ross, and comedians such as Andy Samberg and Charlie Murphy who provide additional voices.", "Freaknik: The Musical __knowledge__ It was scheduled to air on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim sometime in 2009, but after several push-backs, it premiered on March 7, 2010.", "Freaknik: The Musical __knowledge__ The musical is based on the actual music festival of the same name that used to take place in Atlanta, Georgia.", "The Sweet Tea Project __knowledge__ The Sweet Tea Project are an American rock band from Atlanta, Georgia.", "The Sweet Tea Project __knowledge__ Ed Roland, frontman of the rock band Collective Soul, formed the Sweet Tea Project in 2011 with a group of friends and musicians.", "The Sweet Tea Project __knowledge__ The Sweet Tea Project recorded a cover version of \"Shelter from the Storm\" for the Bob Dylan tribute album \"Chimes of Freedom\" (2012).", "The Sweet Tea Project __knowledge__ The Sweet Tea Project were among eight artists who recorded a version of the \"NBA on ESPN\" theme, as part of a contest held by ESPN where fans could vote for their favorite.", "The Sweet Tea Project __knowledge__ The Sweet Tea Project won the competition, which resulted in their rendition being featured during the network's coverage of the 2013 NBA All-Star Celebrity Game.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea culture is defined by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact with tea, and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It includes aspects of tea production, tea brewing, tea arts and ceremony, society, history, health, ethics, education, and communication and media issues.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea plays an important role in some countries.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It is commonly consumed at social events, and many cultures have created intricate formal ceremonies for these events.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Afternoon tea is a British custom with widespread appeal.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea ceremonies, with their roots in the Chinese tea culture, differ among Asian countries, such as the Japanese or Korean versions.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since the eighteenth century, the United Kingdom has been one of the world's greatest tea consumers, with an average annual \"per capita\" tea supply of 1.9 kg (4.18 lbs).", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The British Empire was instrumental in spreading tea from China to India; British interests controlled tea production in the subcontinent.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Tea, which was an upper-class drink in mainland Europe, became the infusion of every social class in Great Britain throughout the course of the eighteenth century and has remained so.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Tea is a prominent feature of British culture and society.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the drinking of tea is so varied that it is quite hard to generalise.", "Drink __knowledge__ A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption.", "Drink __knowledge__ In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture.", "Drink __knowledge__ Common types of drinks include plain water, milk, juices, coffee, tea, and soft drinks.", "Drink __knowledge__ In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the drug ethanol, have been part of human culture and development for 8,000 years.", "Drink __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic drinks often signify drinks that would normally contain alcohol, such as beer and wine, but are made with less than .5 percent alcohol by volume.", "Drink __knowledge__ The category includes drinks that have undergone an alcohol removal process such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.", "Chinese tea __knowledge__ Chinese tea is a beverage made from the leaves of tea plants (\"Camellia sinensis\") and boiled water.", "Chinese tea __knowledge__ Tea leaves are processed using traditional Chinese methods.", "Chinese tea __knowledge__ Chinese tea is consumed throughout the day, including during meals, as a substitute for plain water, for health, or for simple pleasure.", "Chinese tea __knowledge__ The practice of drinking tea has a long history in China, having originated there.", "Chinese tea __knowledge__ Although tea originated in China, during the Tang Dynasty, Chinese tea generally represents tea leaves which have been processed using methods inherited from ancient China.", "Chinese tea __knowledge__ According to popular legend, tea was discovered by Chinese Emperor Shen Nong in 2737 BCE when a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into water the emperor was boiling.", "History of tea in Japan __knowledge__ The history of tea in Japan began as early as the 9th century, when the first known references to tea were made in Japanese records.", "History of tea in Japan __knowledge__ Tea became a drink of the religious classes in Japan when Japanese priests and envoys sent to China to learn about its culture brought tea to Japan.", "History of tea in Japan __knowledge__ The Buddhist monks Kūkai and Saichō may have been the first to bring tea seeds to Japan.", "History of tea in Japan __knowledge__ The first form of tea brought from China was probably brick tea.", "History of tea in Japan __knowledge__ Tea became a drink of the royal classes when Emperor Saga, the Japanese emperor, encouraged the growth of tea plants.", "History of tea in Japan __knowledge__ Seeds were imported from China, and cultivation in Japan began." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the \"Camellia sinensis\", an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.", "Tea __knowledge__ After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.", "Tea __knowledge__ There are many different types of tea; some, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral or grassy notes.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink.", "Tea __knowledge__ It was popularized as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.", "Tea __knowledge__ Portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to Europe during the 16th century.", "Tea __knowledge__ During the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among Britons, who started large-scale production and commercialization of the plant in India to bypass the Chinese monopoly.", "Tea __knowledge__ The term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from \"Camellia sinensis\": infusions of fruit, leaves, or other parts of the plant, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos.", "Tea __knowledge__ These are sometimes called \"tisanes\" or \"herbal infusions\" to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.", "Imperial units __knowledge__ The system of imperial units or the imperial system (also known as British Imperial or Exchequer Standards of 1825) is the system of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824, which was later refined and reduced.", "Imperial units __knowledge__ The Imperial units replaced the Winchester Standards, which were in effect from 1588 to 1825.", "Imperial units __knowledge__ The system came into official use across the British Empire.", "Imperial units __knowledge__ By the late 20th century, most nations of the former empire had officially adopted the metric system as their main system of measurement, although some imperial units are still used in the United Kingdom, Canada and other countries formerly part of the British Empire.", "Traditional Hausa medicine __knowledge__ The Hausa people are an African tribe originating from what is modern-day Nigeria.", "Traditional Hausa medicine __knowledge__ Their medicine is heavily characterized by Islamic influence from the East as well as traditional African style herbology and religious practices which are still prevalent today.", "Traditional Hausa medicine __knowledge__ Many traditional healing methods such as religious and spiritual healing are often used alongside more modern scientific medicine among Hausa villages and cities.", "Traditional Hausa medicine __knowledge__ The bokaye and the yan bori are the most commonly known practitioners in Hausa society before the arrival of Islamic culture.", "Traditional Hausa medicine __knowledge__ The bokaye was an herbologist and subsisted on collecting and selling medical herbs and advice.", "Electroconvulsive therapy __knowledge__ Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), formerly known as electroshock therapy, and often referred to as shock treatment, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in patients to provide relief from mental disorders.", "Electroconvulsive therapy __knowledge__ The ECT procedure was first conducted in 1938 and is the only currently used form of shock therapy in psychiatry.", "Electroconvulsive therapy __knowledge__ ECT is often used with informed consent as a last line of intervention for major depressive disorder, mania, and catatonia.", "Electroconvulsive therapy __knowledge__ ECT machines have been placed in the Class III category (high risk) by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1976.", "Medieval medicine of Western Europe __knowledge__ Medieval medicine in Western Europe was composed of a mixture of existing ideas from antiquity, spiritual influences and what Claude Lévi-Strauss identifies as the \"shamanistic complex\" and \"social consensus.\"", "Medieval medicine of Western Europe __knowledge__ In the Early Middle Ages, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, standard medical knowledge was based chiefly upon surviving Greek and Roman texts, preserved in monasteries and elsewhere.", "Medieval medicine of Western Europe __knowledge__ Many simply placed their hopes in the church and God to heal all their sicknesses.", "Medieval medicine of Western Europe __knowledge__ Ideas about the origin and cure of disease were not purely secular, but were also based on a world view in which factors such as destiny, sin, and astral influences played as great a part as any physical cause.", "Drinking water __knowledge__ Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.", "Drinking water __knowledge__ The amount of drinking water required varies.", "Drinking water __knowledge__ It depends on physical activity, age, health issues, and environmental conditions.", "Drinking water __knowledge__ Americans, on average, drink one litre of water a day and 95% drink less than three litres per day.", "Drinking water __knowledge__ For those who work in a hot climate, up to 16 liters a day may be required.", "Drinking water __knowledge__ Water is essential for life.", "Drinking water __knowledge__ Typically in developed countries, tap water meets drinking water quality standards, even though only a small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation.", "Byzantine Greeks __knowledge__ The Byzantine Greeks (or Byzantines) were the Christian Greeks of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.", "Byzantine Greeks __knowledge__ They spoke medieval Greek and were the main inhabitants of the lands of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire), of Constantinople and Asia Minor (modern Turkey), the Greek islands, Cyprus, and portions of the southern Balkans, and formed large minorities, or pluralities, in the coastal urban centres of the Levant and northern Egypt.", "Byzantine Greeks __knowledge__ Throughout their history, the Byzantine Greeks self-identified as Romans (Greek: \"Rhōmaîoi\"), but are referred to as \"Byzantines\" and \"Byzantine Greeks\" in modern historiography.", "Traditional medicine __knowledge__ Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine.", "Traditional medicine __knowledge__ The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as \"the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness\".", "Traditional medicine __knowledge__ In some Asian and African countries, up to 80% of the population relies on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs.", "History of tea __knowledge__ The history of tea is long and complex, spreading across multiple cultures over the span of thousands of years.", "History of tea __knowledge__ Tea likely originated in southwest China during the Shang dynasty as a medicinal drink.", "History of tea __knowledge__ An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the 3rd century AD, in a medical text written by Hua Tuo.", "History of tea __knowledge__ Tea was first introduced to Portuguese priests and merchants in China during the 16th century.", "History of tea __knowledge__ Drinking tea became popular in Britain during the 17th century.", "History of tea __knowledge__ The British introduced tea production, as well as tea consumption, to India, in order to compete with the Chinese monopoly on tea.", "History of tea __knowledge__ \"\"Camellia sinensis\" originated in southeast Asia, specifically around the intersection of latitude 29°N and longitude 98°E, the point of confluence of the lands of northeast India, north Burma, southwest China and Tibet.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since the eighteenth century, the United Kingdom has been one of the world's greatest tea consumers, with an average annual \"per capita\" tea supply of 1.9 kg (4.18 lbs).", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The British Empire was instrumental in spreading tea from China to India; British interests controlled tea production in the subcontinent.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Tea, which was an upper-class drink in mainland Europe, became the infusion of every social class in Great Britain throughout the course of the eighteenth century and has remained so.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Tea is a prominent feature of British culture and society.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the drinking of tea is so varied that it is quite hard to generalise.", "Drink __knowledge__ A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption.", "Drink __knowledge__ In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture.", "Drink __knowledge__ Common types of drinks include plain water, milk, juices, coffee, tea, and soft drinks.", "Drink __knowledge__ In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the drug ethanol, have been part of human culture and development for 8,000 years.", "Drink __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic drinks often signify drinks that would normally contain alcohol, such as beer and wine, but are made with less than .5 percent alcohol by volume.", "Drink __knowledge__ The category includes drinks that have undergone an alcohol removal process such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ Chengdu (), formerly romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of China's Sichuan province.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ It is one of the three most populous cities in Western China (the other two are Chongqing and Xi'an).", "Chengdu __knowledge__ , the administrative area houses 14,427,500 inhabitants, with an urban population of 10,152,632.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ At the time of the 2010 census, Chengdu was the 5th-most populous agglomeration in China, with 10,484,996 inhabitants in the built-up area including Xinjin County and Deyang's Guanghan City.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ The surrounding Chengdu Plain is also known as the \"Country of Heaven\" () and the \"Land of Abundance\".", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea culture is defined by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact with tea, and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It includes aspects of tea production, tea brewing, tea arts and ceremony, society, history, health, ethics, education, and communication and media issues.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea plays an important role in some countries.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It is commonly consumed at social events, and many cultures have created intricate formal ceremonies for these events.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Afternoon tea is a British custom with widespread appeal.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea ceremonies, with their roots in the Chinese tea culture, differ among Asian countries, such as the Japanese or Korean versions.", "Kunming __knowledge__ Kunming is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province in southwest China.", "Kunming __knowledge__ Known as Yunnan-Fu until the 1920s, today it is a prefecture-level city and the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government.", "Kunming __knowledge__ Kunming is also called the Spring city due to its weather.", "Kunming __knowledge__ The headquarters of many of Yunnan's large businesses are in Kunming.", "Kunming __knowledge__ It was important during World War II as a Chinese military center, American air base, and transport terminus for the Burma Road.", "Kunming __knowledge__ Located in the middle of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, Kunming is located at an altitude of above sea level and at a latitude just north of the Tropic of Cancer." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 0 ]

[ "Do you enjoy drinking tea? After all, it is the second most consumed drink in the world after water.", "Nice, tea actually originated in Southwest China as a medicinal drink.", "I know that people use tea to relax and some teas have a calming effect, but not sure about other medicinal aspects." ]

[ "Tea", "Tea", "Tea" ]

[ "Allergy\nHello! I'm suffering from allergies right now how are you?", "Pollen and dust bother me badly.", "I have asthma caused from my allergies.", "It's that time of the year when everything is blooming and pollen is everywhere so my allergies act up." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.", "Allergy __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.", "New York State Route 23 __knowledge__ New York State Route 23 (NY 23) is an east–west state highway in the eastern portion of New York in the United States.", "New York State Route 23 __knowledge__ It extends for from an intersection with NY 26 in the Central New York town of Cincinnatus to the Massachusetts state line in the Berkshire Mountains, where it continues east as that state's Route 23.", "New York State Route 23 __knowledge__ Along the way, it passes through many communities, including the cities of Norwich and Oneonta.", "New York State Route 23 __knowledge__ Outside of the communities, the route serves largely rural areas of the state and traverses the Catskill Mountains in the state's Central New York Region.", "New York State Route 23 __knowledge__ NY 23 crosses the Hudson River at Catskill via the Rip Van Winkle Bridge.", "New York State Route 23B __knowledge__ New York State Route 23B (NY 23B) is an east–west state highway located in western Columbia County, New York, in the United States.", "New York State Route 23B __knowledge__ The route is a former section of NY 23 that runs for from NY 9G southwest of Hudson to NY 9H in Claverack.", "New York State Route 23B __knowledge__ It provides direct access to the city of Hudson from the Rip Van Winkle Bridge whereas NY 23 bypasses it to the south.", "New York State Route 23B __knowledge__ NY 23B was assigned in the late 1950s after NY 23 was moved onto its current alignment south of Hudson.", "New York State Route 23B __knowledge__ NY 23B forks from its parent, NY 23, south of the city of Hudson and a half-mile (0.8 km) east of the Rip Van Winkle Bridge in Greenport, Columbia County.", "New York State Route 205 __knowledge__ New York State Route 205 (NY 205) is a north–south state highway in central Otsego County, New York, in the United States.", "New York State Route 205 __knowledge__ It extends for from Interstate 88 (I-88) exit 13 near the city of Oneonta to a junction with NY 28 in the town of Otsego.", "New York State Route 205 __knowledge__ The latter junction also marks the east end of a overlap between NY 205 and NY 80, from where NY 80 heads southeast to follow NY 28 to Cooperstown.", "New York State Route 205 __knowledge__ NY 205 is a two-lane highway for its entire length and passes through the towns of Laurens and Hartwick.", "New York State Route 205 __knowledge__ NY 205 originally began at NY 23 northwest of Oneonta when it was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "New York State Route 145 __knowledge__ New York State Route 145 (NY 145) is a state highway in eastern New York in the United States.", "New York State Route 145 __knowledge__ The highway extends for from NY 23 in the Greene County town of Cairo to U.S. Route 20 (US 20) in the Schoharie County town of Sharon.", "New York State Route 145 __knowledge__ Along the way, NY 145 intersects NY 30 in Middleburgh and Interstate 88 (I-88) east of Cobleskill.", "New York State Route 145 __knowledge__ NY 145 is a two-lane highway its entire length, with a passing lane on hills leaving Middleburgh in both directions.", "New York State Route 145 __knowledge__ The route follows parts of the Susquehannah Turnpike from Cairo through East Durham and west.", "New York State Route 145 __knowledge__ NY 145 begins at an at-grade interchange with NY 23 in the hamlet of Cairo (within the town of the same name).", "New York State Route 23A __knowledge__ New York State Route 23A (NY 23A) is an east–west state highway in Greene County, New York, in the United States.", "New York State Route 23A __knowledge__ It serves as a alternate route of NY 23 through the northern Catskill Mountains.", "New York State Route 23A __knowledge__ The route passes several of the Catskill High Peaks, including Hunter Mountain, before dropping into the Hudson Valley via Kaaterskill Clove and ending at an intersection with U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) in the village of Catskill.", "New York State Route 23A __knowledge__ NY 23A was assigned in the mid-1920s and has not been changed since.", "New York State Route 23A __knowledge__ A portion of the route through Kaaterskill Clove was closed for several months in 2006 after landslides triggered by heavy rains damaged the route." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.", "Allergy __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.", "Pollen __knowledge__ Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells).", "Pollen __knowledge__ Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants, or from the male cone to the female cone of coniferous plants.", "Pollen __knowledge__ If pollen lands on a compatible pistil or female cone, it germinates, producing a pollen tube that transfers the sperm to the ovule containing the female gametophyte.", "Pollen __knowledge__ Individual pollen grains are small enough to require magnification to see detail.", "Bioaerosol __knowledge__ Bioaerosols (short for biological aerosols) are a subcategory of particles released from terrestrial and marine ecosystems into the atmosphere.", "Bioaerosol __knowledge__ They consist of both living and non-living components including organisms, dispersal methods of organisms, and excretions.", "Bioaerosol __knowledge__ Charles Darwin was the first to observe the transport of dust particles but Louis Pasteur was the first to research microbes and their activity within the air.", "Bioaerosol __knowledge__ Prior to Pasteur’s work, laboratory cultures were used to grow and isolate different bioaerosols.", "Bioaerosol __knowledge__ Because not all microbes can be cultured, many were undetected before the development of DNA-based tools.", "Pollination __knowledge__ Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organs of a plant, thereby enabling fertilization to take place.", "Pollination __knowledge__ Like all living organisms, seed plants have a single major purpose: to pass their genetic information on to the next generation.", "Pollination __knowledge__ The reproductive unit is the seed, and pollination is an essential step in the production of seeds in all spermatophytes (seed plants).", "Pollination __knowledge__ For the process of pollination to be successful, a pollen grain produced by the anther, the male part of a flower, must be transferred to a stigma, the female part of the flower, of a plant of the same species.", "Colony collapse disorder __knowledge__ Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is the phenomenon that occurs when the majority of worker bees in a colony disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen.", "Colony collapse disorder __knowledge__ While such disappearances have occurred throughout the history of apiculture, and were known by various names (disappearing disease, spring dwindle, May disease, autumn collapse, and fall dwindle disease), the syndrome was renamed colony collapse disorder in late 2006 in conjunction with a drastic rise in the number of disappearances of western honey bee (\"Apis mellifera\") colonies in North America.", "Palynology __knowledge__ Palynology is the \"study of dust\" (from , \"strew, sprinkle\" and \"-logy\") or \"particles that are strewn\".", "Palynology __knowledge__ A classic palynologist analyses particulate samples collected from the air, from water, or from deposits including sediments of any age.", "Palynology __knowledge__ The condition and identification of those particles, organic and inorganic, give the palynologist clues to the life, environment, and energetic conditions that produced them.", "Palynology __knowledge__ The term is sometimes narrowly used to refer to a subset of the discipline, which is defined as \"the study of microscopic objects of macromolecular organic composition (i.e., compounds of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen), not capable of dissolution in hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acids\".", "ALK-Abelló __knowledge__ ALK-Abelló (), also commonly known as ALK, is a Denmark-based pharmaceutical company which specializes in the development and manufacture of allergy immunotherapy (AIT) products for the prevention and treatment of allergy.", "ALK-Abelló __knowledge__ It is one of the world’s largest makers of allergy immunotherapy products (also known as ‘allergy vaccines’) with 81% of its revenue coming from sales in Europe.", "ALK-Abelló __knowledge__ ALK-Abello dates back to 1923 when Denmark’s first allergen extracts were produced at the pharmacy of the Copenhagen University Hospital.", "ALK-Abelló __knowledge__ The company was subsequently established as Allergologisk Laboratorium København.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ This story forms the basis for the traditional Navajo way of life.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The basic outline of begins with the (Holy Wind) being created, the mists of lights which arose through the darkness to animate and bring purpose to the four (Holy People), supernatural and sacred in the different three lower worlds.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ All these things were spiritually created in the time before the Earth existed and the physical aspect of humans did not exist yet, but the spiritual did.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The First or Dark World, , was small and centered on an island floating in the middle of four seas.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The inhabitants of the first world were the four , the two Coyotes, the four rulers of the four seas, mist beings and various insect and bat people, the latter being the Air-Spirit People.", "Omalizumab __knowledge__ Omalizumab, sold under the trade name Xolair, is a medication originally designed to reduce sensitivity to allergens.", "Omalizumab __knowledge__ It has been used to try to control severe allergic asthma, which does not respond to high doses of corticosteroids.", "Omalizumab __knowledge__ It has been approved for treating people 12 years and older with severe or moderate to severe allergic asthma in more than 90 countries, since its first of such approval in 2002 in Australia.", "Omalizumab __knowledge__ Omalizumab was approved in March 2014 in the European Union and the U.S.A. and in about 10 other countries for treating patients 12 years and above with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) (also referred to as chronic idiopathic urticaria or CIU), which cannot be treated with H1-antihistamines.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis is a hypothesis that states a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms (such as the gut flora or probiotics), and parasites increases susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the natural development of the immune system.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ In particular, the lack of exposure is thought to lead to defects in the establishment of immune tolerance.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ The hygiene hypothesis has also been called the \"biome depletion theory\" and the \"lost friends theory\".", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ The original formulation of the hygiene hypothesis dates from 1989 when David Strachan proposed that lower incidence of infection in early childhood could be an explanation for the rapid 20th century rise in allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more of the protein constituents of cow's milk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms can be rapid or gradual in onset.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The latter can take hours to days to appear.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Presentations may include atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Management is by avoiding eating any food that contains dairy.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Exposure to low levels of milk proteins is a health risk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ In people with IgE-mediated food allergy the individual threshold dose capable of provoking an allergic reaction can vary widely, but is in a low milligram range.", "Allergic conjunctivitis __knowledge__ Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy.", "Allergic conjunctivitis __knowledge__ Although allergens differ among patients, the most common cause is hay fever.", "Allergic conjunctivitis __knowledge__ Symptoms consist of redness (mainly due to vasodilation of the peripheral small blood vessels), edema (swelling) of the conjunctiva, itching, and increased lacrimation (production of tears).", "Allergic conjunctivitis __knowledge__ If this is combined with rhinitis, the condition is termed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.", "Allergic conjunctivitis __knowledge__ The symptoms are due to release of histamine and other active substances by mast cells, which stimulate dilation of blood vessels, irritate nerve endings, and increase secretion of tears.", "Tse Wen Chang __knowledge__ Tse Wen Chang (, born August 25, 1947) is an immunology researcher, whose career spans across academia and industry.", "Tse Wen Chang __knowledge__ His early research involving the Immunoglobulin E (IgE) pathway and antibody-based therapeutics lead to the development of omalizumab (also known as Xolair), a medication that has been approved for the treatment of severe allergic asthma and severe chronic spontaneous urticaria.", "Tse Wen Chang __knowledge__ Chang is a cofounder of Tanox, a biopharmaceutical company specialized in anti-IgE therapies for the treatment of allergic diseases.", "Tse Wen Chang __knowledge__ After Tanox's tripartite partnership with Genentech and Novartis was forged in 1996, Chang returned to his alma mater, the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan and served as the Dean (1996–1999) of the College of Life Sciences." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.", "Allergy __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Allergen __knowledge__ An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Such reactions are called allergies.", "Allergen __knowledge__ In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against parasitic infections.", "Allergen __knowledge__ However, some individuals may respond to many common environmental antigens.", "Allergen __knowledge__ This hereditary predisposition is called atopy.", "International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood __knowledge__ The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was the largest collaborative epidemiological study of children in the world.", "International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood __knowledge__ ISAAC has measured the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in almost 2 million children in 105 countries.", "International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood __knowledge__ The aims of the ISAAC programme were to continue to measure symptom prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in children, especially in developing countries where it had not been documented before; measure time trends in these conditions; identify major risk factors for asthma, rhinitis and eczema in all regions of the world; and to develop interventions to reduce the prevalence, mortality and burden of disease of asthma, rhinitis and eczema.", "Allergies in children __knowledge__ Allergies in children are those causes, pathophsiology, treatments, management, practices and control of allergies that develop in children.", "Allergies in children __knowledge__ Up to 40 percent of children suffer from allergic rhinitis.", "Allergies in children __knowledge__ And children are more likely to develop allergies if one or both parents have allergies.", "Allergies in children __knowledge__ Allergies differ between adults and children.", "Allergies in children __knowledge__ Part of the reason for this that the respiratory system in children is smaller.", "Allergies in children __knowledge__ The bronchi and bronchioles are narrower so even a slight decrease in diameter of these airways can have serious consequences.", "Allergies in children __knowledge__ In addition, children often 'outgrow' their allergies.", "Allergies in children __knowledge__ The incidence of childhood allergies has increased in the past 50 years.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.", "Asthma __knowledge__ It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.", "Asthma __knowledge__ These episodes may occur a few times a day or a few times per week.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Depending on the person, they may become worse at night or with exercise.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ It is different from nut allergies.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Physical symptoms of allergic reaction can include itchiness, urticaria, swelling, eczema, sneezing, asthma, abdominal pain, drop in blood pressure, diarrhea, and cardiac arrest.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Anaphylaxis may occur.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ It is due to a type I hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system in susceptible individuals.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ The allergy is recognized \"as one of the most severe food allergies due to its prevalence, persistency, and potential severity of allergic reaction.\"", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Prevention may be partly achieved through early introduction of peanuts to the diets of pregnant women and babies.", "Omalizumab __knowledge__ Omalizumab, sold under the trade name Xolair, is a medication originally designed to reduce sensitivity to allergens.", "Omalizumab __knowledge__ It has been used to try to control severe allergic asthma, which does not respond to high doses of corticosteroids.", "Omalizumab __knowledge__ It has been approved for treating people 12 years and older with severe or moderate to severe allergic asthma in more than 90 countries, since its first of such approval in 2002 in Australia.", "Omalizumab __knowledge__ Omalizumab was approved in March 2014 in the European Union and the U.S.A. and in about 10 other countries for treating patients 12 years and above with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) (also referred to as chronic idiopathic urticaria or CIU), which cannot be treated with H1-antihistamines.", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase __knowledge__ Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the \"ALOX5\" gene.", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase __knowledge__ Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes.", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase __knowledge__ It transforms essential fatty acids (EFA) substrates into leukotrienes as well as a wide range of other biologically active products.", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase __knowledge__ ALOX5 is a current target for pharmaceutical intervention in a number of diseases.", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase __knowledge__ The \"ALOX5\" gene, which occupies 71.9 kilobase pairs (kb) on chromosome 10 (all other human lipoxygenases are clustered together on chromosome 17), is composed of 14 exons divided by 13 introns encoding the mature 78 kilodalton (kD) ALOX5 protein consisting of 673 amino acids.", "Pathophysiology of asthma __knowledge__ Asthma is a common pulmonary condition defined by chronic inflammation of respiratory tubes, tightening of respiratory smooth muscle, and episodes of bronchoconstriction.", "Pathophysiology of asthma __knowledge__ The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1 in 11 children and 1 in 12 adults have asthma in the United States of America.", "Pathophysiology of asthma __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization, asthma affects 235 million people worldwide.", "Pathophysiology of asthma __knowledge__ There are two major categories of asthma: allergic and non-allergic.", "Pathophysiology of asthma __knowledge__ The focus of this article will be allergic asthma.", "Pathophysiology of asthma __knowledge__ In both cases, bronchoconstriction is prominent.", "Pathophysiology of asthma __knowledge__ During an asthma episode, inflamed airways react to environmental triggers such as smoke, dust, or pollen and Blake nonsense.", "Immunoglobulin E __knowledge__ Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) \"isotype\") that has only been found in mammals.", "Immunoglobulin E __knowledge__ IgE is synthesised by plasma cells.", "Immunoglobulin E __knowledge__ Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains (ε chain) and two light chains, with the ε chain containing 4 Ig-like constant domains (Cε1-Cε4).", "Immunoglobulin E __knowledge__ IgE's main function is immunity to parasites such as helminths like \"Schistosoma mansoni\", \"Trichinella spiralis\", and \"Fasciola hepatica\".", "Immunoglobulin E __knowledge__ IgE is utilized during immune defense against certain protozoan parasites such as \"Plasmodium falciparum\".", "Immunoglobulin E __knowledge__ IgE also has an essential role in type I hypersensitivity, which manifests in various allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, most types of sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, and specific types of chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis.", "Tse Wen Chang __knowledge__ Tse Wen Chang (, born August 25, 1947) is an immunology researcher, whose career spans across academia and industry.", "Tse Wen Chang __knowledge__ His early research involving the Immunoglobulin E (IgE) pathway and antibody-based therapeutics lead to the development of omalizumab (also known as Xolair), a medication that has been approved for the treatment of severe allergic asthma and severe chronic spontaneous urticaria.", "Tse Wen Chang __knowledge__ Chang is a cofounder of Tanox, a biopharmaceutical company specialized in anti-IgE therapies for the treatment of allergic diseases.", "Tse Wen Chang __knowledge__ After Tanox's tripartite partnership with Genentech and Novartis was forged in 1996, Chang returned to his alma mater, the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan and served as the Dean (1996–1999) of the College of Life Sciences.", "Allergic inflammation __knowledge__ Allergic inflammation is an important pathophysiological feature of several disabilities or medical conditions including allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and several ocular allergic diseases.", "Allergic inflammation __knowledge__ Allergic reactions may generally be divided into two components; the early phase reaction, and the late phase reaction.", "Allergic inflammation __knowledge__ While the contribution to the development of symptoms from each of the phases varies greatly between diseases, both are usually present and provide us a framework for understanding allergic disease.", "Allergic inflammation __knowledge__ The early phase of the allergic reaction typically occurs within minutes, or even seconds, following allergen exposure and is also commonly referred to as the immediate allergic reaction or as a Type I allergic reaction." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.", "Allergy __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.", "Pollen __knowledge__ Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells).", "Pollen __knowledge__ Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants, or from the male cone to the female cone of coniferous plants.", "Pollen __knowledge__ If pollen lands on a compatible pistil or female cone, it germinates, producing a pollen tube that transfers the sperm to the ovule containing the female gametophyte.", "Pollen __knowledge__ Individual pollen grains are small enough to require magnification to see detail.", "Allergen __knowledge__ An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Such reactions are called allergies.", "Allergen __knowledge__ In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against parasitic infections.", "Allergen __knowledge__ However, some individuals may respond to many common environmental antigens.", "Allergen __knowledge__ This hereditary predisposition is called atopy.", "Flower __knowledge__ A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).", "Flower __knowledge__ The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.", "Flower __knowledge__ Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower).", "Flower __knowledge__ Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy).", "Flower __knowledge__ Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop.", "Balthazar Martinot __knowledge__ Balthazar Martinot (1636–1714) was a French clockmaker, and valet de chambre of the queen and of the King.", "Balthazar Martinot __knowledge__ His daughter Anne Martinot married the king's goldsmith Philippe Van Dievoet.", "Balthazar Martinot __knowledge__ He was considered in his time to be one of the most famous clockmakers in Europe.", "Balthazar Martinot __knowledge__ 'He was born in Rouen, the son of Balthazar Martinot I (1610–1697), Gouverneur du Gros Horloge at Rouen.", "Balthazar Martinot __knowledge__ His brothers, Claude (1637-after 1697), Etienne (1639–1702) and Gilles (1658–1726) were also clockmakers of repute and in turn Martinot II sired Balthazar-Louis Martinot, who became Ecuyer, Valet de la Garde-Robe du Roi.", "Balthazar Martinot __knowledge__ Unlike his father, Balthazar Martinot worked in Paris from circa 1660, where he was established at rue Galande in 1683 and Quai des Orfèvres in 1697.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose which occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, and watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ The fluid from the nose is usually clear.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Symptom onset is often within minutes following exposure and they can affect sleep, the ability to work, and the ability to concentrate at school.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Those whose symptoms are due to pollen typically develop symptoms during specific times of the year.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Many people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.", "Asthma __knowledge__ It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.", "Asthma __knowledge__ These episodes may occur a few times a day or a few times per week.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Depending on the person, they may become worse at night or with exercise.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens.", "Asthma __knowledge__ Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ Mastitis is inflammation of the breast or udder, usually associated with breastfeeding.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ Symptoms typically include local pain and redness.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ There is often an associated fever and general soreness.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ Onset is typically fairly rapid and usually occurs within the first few months of delivery.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ Complications can include abscess formation.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ Risk factors include poor latch, cracked nipples, use of a breast pump, and weaning.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ The bacteria most commonly involved are Staphylococcus and Streptococci.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ Ultrasound may be useful for detecting a potential abscess.", "Mastitis __knowledge__ Prevention is by frequently and properly breastfeeding.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in or on an ovary.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ It results in abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ When this process begins, there may be no or only vague symptoms.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ Symptoms become more noticeable as the cancer progresses.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ These symptoms may include bloating, pelvic pain, abdominal swelling, and loss of appetite, among others.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ Common areas to which the cancer may spread include the lining of the abdomen, lymph nodes, lungs, and liver.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ The risk of ovarian cancer increases in women who have ovulated more over their lifetime.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ This includes those who have never had children, those who begin ovulation at a younger age and those who reach menopause at an older age.", "Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder __knowledge__ Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (non-24), is one of several chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs).", "Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder __knowledge__ It is defined as a \"chronic steady pattern comprising [...] daily delays in sleep onset and wake times in an individual living in society.\"", "Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder __knowledge__ Symptoms result when the non-entrained (free-running) endogenous circadian rhythm drifts out of alignment with the light/dark cycle in nature.", "Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder __knowledge__ The sleep pattern can be quite variable.", "Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder __knowledge__ People with a circadian rhythm that is quite near to 24 hours may be able to sleep on a conventional, socially acceptable schedule, that is, at night.", "Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder __knowledge__ Others, with a \"daily\" cycle upwards of 25 hours or more may need to adopt a sleep pattern that is congruent with their free-running circadian clock, shifting their sleep times daily, thereby often obtaining satisfactory sleep but suffering social and occupational consequences.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of elevated mood.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania or hypomania, depending on its severity, or whether symptoms of psychosis are present.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy, or irritable.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Individuals often make poorly thought out decisions with little regard to the consequences.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The need for sleep is usually reduced during manic phases.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ During periods of depression, there may be crying, a negative outlook on life, and poor eye contact with others.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring personality states.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ There is often trouble remembering certain events, beyond what would be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ These states alternately show in a person's behavior.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Presentations, however, are variable.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Associated condition often include borderline personality disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, substance misuse disorder, self-harm, or anxiety.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ The cause is believed to be due to childhood trauma.", "Migraine __knowledge__ A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.", "Migraine __knowledge__ Typically, the headaches affect one half of the head, are pulsating in nature, and last from two to 72 hours.", "Migraine __knowledge__ Associated symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light, sound, or smell.", "Migraine __knowledge__ The pain is generally made worse by physical activity.", "Migraine __knowledge__ Up to one-third of people have an aura: typically a short period of visual disturbance that signals that the headache will soon occur.", "Migraine __knowledge__ Occasionally, an aura can occur with little or no headache following it.", "Migraine __knowledge__ Migraines are believed to be due to a mixture of environmental and genetic factors." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 40, 24 ]

[ "I do not have any allergy. I am a free man i think. It is also known as allergic diseases", "Does that mean you have allergic asthma ", "When do you start to experience this. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms", "Does that mean you hate flowers because The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction" ]

[ "Allergy", "Allergy", "Allergy", "Allergy" ]

[ "Inline skating\nHey Robert you ? Do you like inline skating?", "Emilt Scot? Who is that? Does she do inline skating?", "I dont know Emily Gilmore either. Does she do inline skating?", "If you say so. You still havent answered my question." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport practiced widely internationally.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skates typically have 2 to 5 polyurethane wheels, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The in-line design allows for greater speed than roller skates and better manoeuvrability.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is also known as \"roller blading\" due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ A term used to refer to inline skates on a vert ramp, a half pipe with some vertical in it usually between 6in to 24in.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Vert skating is a form of gymnastics performed with skates.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The purpose of vert skating is to ride higher than the coping (which is the metal pipe on top of the ramp) and perform spins or flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ It focuses on complicated hard aerial maneuvers, such as spins and flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The intent of the skater is to build speed until they are of sufficient height above the edge of the ramp to perform various aerial acrobatics.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ In competitions skaters have limited time, often less than a minute, to impress the judges by landing numerous and difficult tricks.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Inline skates are a type of roller skate used for inline skating.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Unlike quad skates, which have two front and two rear wheels, inline skates typically have two to five wheels arranged in a single line.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Some, especially those for recreation, have a rubber \"stop\" or \"brake\" block attached to the rear of one or occasionally both of the skates so that the skater can slow down or stop by leaning back on the foot with the brake skate.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ The modern style of inline skates was developed as a substitute for ice skates, for use by a Russian athlete training on solid ground for Olympic long track speed skating events.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive inline skating is a form of inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with focus on grinding and spins.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Participants refer to the activity as rollerblading, \"blading,\" \"skating,\" or \"rolling.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive skating can take place on found street obstacles or at skateparks.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Street skating primarily consists of performing grinds on ledges and rails, as well as jumping tall heights known as \"gaps.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Park skating recreates these obstacles with the additions of bowls and ramps on which \"vert\" skating can be performed.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Since 1994, the sport has been chronicled in various skating films and \"edits.\"", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Christopher Creveling (born December 29, 1986) is an American short track speed skater who represented the United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Growing up, his family owned a roller rink and was highly involved in the sport of roller skating.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Creveling followed in the footsteps of his older siblings, learning to skate as soon as he could walk.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ He was selected for the 2003 United States' Junior World roller skating team in 2003 and for the Senior World Team from 2004–06.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ At the 2004 World Championships, he won a gold medal as part of the US relay team.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ In 2007, Creveling switched from inline skating to ice speed skating in hopes of making the Olympics.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Roller skating is the traveling on surfaces with roller skates.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ It is a form of recreational activity as well as a sport, and can also be a form of transportation.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Skates generally come in three basic varieties: quad roller skates, inline skates or blades and tri-skates, though some have experimented with a single-wheeled \"quintessence skate\" or other variations on the basic skate design.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ In America, this hobby was most popular, first between 1935 and the early 1960s and then in the 1970s, when polyurethane wheels were created and disco music oriented roller rinks were the rage and then again in the 1990s when in-line outdoor roller skating, thanks to the improvement made to inline roller skates in 1981 by Scott Olson, took hold.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just \"speed skating\", while short-track speed skating is known as \"short track\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as \"speed skating\" and short track as \"short track skating\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The standard rink for long track is 400 meters long, but tracks of 200, 250 and 333⅓ meters are used occasionally.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ Kelly Gunther (born August 14, 1987) is an American speed skater participated in the 2014 Winter Olympics.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ She began roller skating at age six, briefly tried figure skating, then took up inline speed skating.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ As an inline skater, she won multiple World Championship gold medals on the United States relay team.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ In 2009, she transitioned to ice speed skating.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ At the 2010 Olympic trials, Gunther appeared to make the United States speed skating team, but was bumped from the team after another skater was granted a re-skate.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ In March 2010, she fell during a race and suffered a double-compound fracture that nearly severed her foot from her leg.", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ The Three Rivers Inline Club (TRIC) is a not-for-profit inline skating club in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ The club was founded in 1994 by several members of the Pittsburgh Inline Skate Club (PISC).", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ The purpose of the club is to promote the sport of inline roller skating and to offer social skates and non-skating events for members .", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ TRIC operates the website skatepittsburgh.com as a comprehensive guide to inline skating in the greater Pittsburgh area.", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ As well the website serves as a repository for photos and events sponsored by the club or that the club participates in.", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ TRIC holds multiple skates every week each targeted at different levels of skaters.", "USA Roller Sports __knowledge__ USA Roller Sports (USARS), formerly the United States Amateur Confederation of Roller Skating, is the national governing body of competitive roller sports (inline skating and roller skating) in the United States.", "USA Roller Sports __knowledge__ It is recognized by the International Roller Sports Federation (FIRS) and the United States Olympic Committee.", "USA Roller Sports __knowledge__ USA Roller Sports has sponsored amateur roller skating competitions at the regional and national level since 1937 in figure skating, speed skating and roller hockey; and since 2011 in roller derby.", "USA Roller Sports __knowledge__ USARS has been the United States representative for the International Federation of Roller Sports (FIRS) since 1972, when it obtained this designation after the merger of two predecessor roller skating federations (the Roller Skating Rink Operators' Association or RSROA established in 1937, and the U. S. Amateur Roller Skating Association, or USARSA).", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ Emily Scott (born February 16, 1989) is an American short track speed skater who competed at 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ As a young girl, Scott was a gymnast and roller skater.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ She discontinued gymnastics when it became too expensive, and took up inline speed skating.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ As an inline skater, she won five World Championship gold medals and set three national records.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ In 2008 Scott transitioned from inline skating to short track speed skating on the ice.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ She made the United States' World Cup and World Championship teams from 2010–2013, winning a silver medal at the 2012 World Championships." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport practiced widely internationally.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skates typically have 2 to 5 polyurethane wheels, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The in-line design allows for greater speed than roller skates and better manoeuvrability.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is also known as \"roller blading\" due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ A term used to refer to inline skates on a vert ramp, a half pipe with some vertical in it usually between 6in to 24in.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Vert skating is a form of gymnastics performed with skates.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The purpose of vert skating is to ride higher than the coping (which is the metal pipe on top of the ramp) and perform spins or flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ It focuses on complicated hard aerial maneuvers, such as spins and flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The intent of the skater is to build speed until they are of sufficient height above the edge of the ramp to perform various aerial acrobatics.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ In competitions skaters have limited time, often less than a minute, to impress the judges by landing numerous and difficult tricks.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Inline skates are a type of roller skate used for inline skating.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Unlike quad skates, which have two front and two rear wheels, inline skates typically have two to five wheels arranged in a single line.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Some, especially those for recreation, have a rubber \"stop\" or \"brake\" block attached to the rear of one or occasionally both of the skates so that the skater can slow down or stop by leaning back on the foot with the brake skate.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ The modern style of inline skates was developed as a substitute for ice skates, for use by a Russian athlete training on solid ground for Olympic long track speed skating events.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive inline skating is a form of inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with focus on grinding and spins.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Participants refer to the activity as rollerblading, \"blading,\" \"skating,\" or \"rolling.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive skating can take place on found street obstacles or at skateparks.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Street skating primarily consists of performing grinds on ledges and rails, as well as jumping tall heights known as \"gaps.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Park skating recreates these obstacles with the additions of bowls and ramps on which \"vert\" skating can be performed.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Since 1994, the sport has been chronicled in various skating films and \"edits.\"", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Christopher Creveling (born December 29, 1986) is an American short track speed skater who represented the United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Growing up, his family owned a roller rink and was highly involved in the sport of roller skating.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Creveling followed in the footsteps of his older siblings, learning to skate as soon as he could walk.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ He was selected for the 2003 United States' Junior World roller skating team in 2003 and for the Senior World Team from 2004–06.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ At the 2004 World Championships, he won a gold medal as part of the US relay team.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ In 2007, Creveling switched from inline skating to ice speed skating in hopes of making the Olympics.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Roller skating is the traveling on surfaces with roller skates.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ It is a form of recreational activity as well as a sport, and can also be a form of transportation.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Skates generally come in three basic varieties: quad roller skates, inline skates or blades and tri-skates, though some have experimented with a single-wheeled \"quintessence skate\" or other variations on the basic skate design.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ In America, this hobby was most popular, first between 1935 and the early 1960s and then in the 1970s, when polyurethane wheels were created and disco music oriented roller rinks were the rage and then again in the 1990s when in-line outdoor roller skating, thanks to the improvement made to inline roller skates in 1981 by Scott Olson, took hold.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just \"speed skating\", while short-track speed skating is known as \"short track\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as \"speed skating\" and short track as \"short track skating\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The standard rink for long track is 400 meters long, but tracks of 200, 250 and 333⅓ meters are used occasionally.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ Kelly Gunther (born August 14, 1987) is an American speed skater participated in the 2014 Winter Olympics.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ She began roller skating at age six, briefly tried figure skating, then took up inline speed skating.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ As an inline skater, she won multiple World Championship gold medals on the United States relay team.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ In 2009, she transitioned to ice speed skating.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ At the 2010 Olympic trials, Gunther appeared to make the United States speed skating team, but was bumped from the team after another skater was granted a re-skate.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ In March 2010, she fell during a race and suffered a double-compound fracture that nearly severed her foot from her leg.", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ The Three Rivers Inline Club (TRIC) is a not-for-profit inline skating club in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ The club was founded in 1994 by several members of the Pittsburgh Inline Skate Club (PISC).", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ The purpose of the club is to promote the sport of inline roller skating and to offer social skates and non-skating events for members .", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ TRIC operates the website skatepittsburgh.com as a comprehensive guide to inline skating in the greater Pittsburgh area.", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ As well the website serves as a repository for photos and events sponsored by the club or that the club participates in.", "Three Rivers Inline Club __knowledge__ TRIC holds multiple skates every week each targeted at different levels of skaters.", "USA Roller Sports __knowledge__ USA Roller Sports (USARS), formerly the United States Amateur Confederation of Roller Skating, is the national governing body of competitive roller sports (inline skating and roller skating) in the United States.", "USA Roller Sports __knowledge__ It is recognized by the International Roller Sports Federation (FIRS) and the United States Olympic Committee.", "USA Roller Sports __knowledge__ USA Roller Sports has sponsored amateur roller skating competitions at the regional and national level since 1937 in figure skating, speed skating and roller hockey; and since 2011 in roller derby.", "USA Roller Sports __knowledge__ USARS has been the United States representative for the International Federation of Roller Sports (FIRS) since 1972, when it obtained this designation after the merger of two predecessor roller skating federations (the Roller Skating Rink Operators' Association or RSROA established in 1937, and the U. S. Amateur Roller Skating Association, or USARSA).", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ Emily Scott (born February 16, 1989) is an American short track speed skater who competed at 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ As a young girl, Scott was a gymnast and roller skater.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ She discontinued gymnastics when it became too expensive, and took up inline speed skating.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ As an inline skater, she won five World Championship gold medals and set three national records.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ In 2008 Scott transitioned from inline skating to short track speed skating on the ice.", "Emily Scott (speed skater) __knowledge__ She made the United States' World Cup and World Championship teams from 2010–2013, winning a silver medal at the 2012 World Championships.", "Suomisaundi __knowledge__ Suomisaundi, () also known as suomisoundi, suomistyge or spugedelic trance, is a style of psychedelic trance that originated in Finland around the mid-1990s.", "Suomisaundi __knowledge__ \"Suomisaundi\" literally means \"Finnish sound\" in Finnish; music that features many of the characteristics of suomisaundi has gained global popularity.", "Suomisaundi __knowledge__ Sometime during the early years of the 90s, a party collective Ruskababa introduced Goa trance to a handful of enthusiasts through their covert summertime party activities.", "Suomisaundi __knowledge__ The music in these parties were typically played from DAT tapes, or even from cassette tapes and included mostly hits from Goa from the previous season's parties.", "Minamata disease __knowledge__ , sometimes referred to as , is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.", "Minamata disease __knowledge__ Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, loss of peripheral vision, and damage to hearing and speech.", "Minamata disease __knowledge__ In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and death follow within weeks of the onset of symptoms.", "Minamata disease __knowledge__ A congenital form of the disease can also affect fetuses in the womb.", "Minamata disease __knowledge__ Minamata disease was first discovered in Minamata city in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan, in 1956.", "Minamata disease __knowledge__ It was caused by the release of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater from the Chisso Corporation's chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968.", "Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Columbus, Ohio does not have defined neighborhoods, per the city of Columbus, making their areas difficult to define.", "Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Neighborhoods often overlap and vary in size.", "Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Many of Columbus's larger neighborhoods integrate smaller neighborhoods.", "Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Additionally, modern interpretations of neighborhood borders vary significantly as historical neighborhoods, villages, towns and townships have been annexed and absorbed by the city of Columbus.", "Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ There are Area Commissions that exist, but these generally are larger than neighborhoods themselves and typically incorporate smaller neighborhoods.", "Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ This article uses data from the \"Datasourcecolumbus\" Web site, Spotcrime.com, and HelloColumbus.com.", "St. James End, Northampton __knowledge__ St. James End also known as simply St. James and historically St James's End (or locally 'Jimmy's End') is a district west of the town centre in Northampton, England.", "St. James End, Northampton __knowledge__ The area developed from the mid to late 19th century particularly with the expansion of the shoe manufacturing and engineering industries, and also the extension of the railway from London in June 1882.", "St. James End, Northampton __knowledge__ The area is named after St James' Abbey which was founded in the town 1104–05 by William Peverel as an Augustinian monastery dedicated to St James and which was built in the area of the modern development.", "St. James End, Northampton __knowledge__ The abbey was located in the Abbots Way area, off the south side of Weedon Road in the town (see map).", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily Gilmore is a fictional character who appears in the American comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\" (2000 – 2007) and its revival \"\" (2016) as the matriarch of the eponymous family.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Kelly Bishop, the character was created by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino in order to add a tragic element to the show's light-hearted nature.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily has had a complicated relationship with her daughter Lorelai ever since the character runs away at age 17 to raise her newborn daughter Rory on her own.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ They remain estranged for several years until Lorelai asks her parents to help pay for Rory's schooling, to which Emily agrees on the condition that her daughter and granddaughter visit them for dinner every Friday evening.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Robert Scot __knowledge__ Robert Scot (October 2, 1745 – November 3, 1823) was Chief Engraver of the United States Mint from 1793 until his death in 1823.", "Robert Scot __knowledge__ He was succeeded by William Kneass.", "Robert Scot __knowledge__ Scot designed the popular and rare Flowing Hair dollar coinage along with the Liberty Cap half cent.", "Robert Scot __knowledge__ Scot is perhaps best known for his design, the Draped Bust, which was used on many silver and copper coins.", "Robert Scot __knowledge__ Robert Scot was the most prolific engraver of early American patriotic iconography, with symbols and images depicting rebellion, unity, victory, and liberty throughout his career in America.", "Robert Scot __knowledge__ Scot was born on October 2, 1745 in Canongate, Scotland, and was baptized on October 8, 1745.", "The Shiranui Sea __knowledge__ Four years after \"\", Tsuchimoto's camera focuses on the everyday lives of the victims of mercury poisoning.", "The Shiranui Sea __knowledge__ Fisherman still knowingly catch and eat the mercury-laden fish caught in the beautiful Shiranui Sea because that is what they have always done and that is how they relate to nature.", "The Shiranui Sea __knowledge__ Some patients who received significant compensation from Chisso, the polluter, may now live in good houses, but without doing work their lives seem somehow empty.", "The Shiranui Sea __knowledge__ The real victims remain the children, who are now getting older and in some cases increasingly conscious of the fact they are different from other children.", "Michael Scot __knowledge__ Michael Scot (Latin: Michael Scotus; 1175 – ) was a mathematician and scholar in the Middle Ages.", "Michael Scot __knowledge__ Translator of Averroes and the greatest public intellectual of his days.", "Michael Scot __knowledge__ He served as science adviser and court astrologer to Frederick II.", "Michael Scot __knowledge__ Scot was born somewhere in the border regions of Scotland or northern England.", "Michael Scot __knowledge__ It has been claimed that he studied first at the cathedral school of Durham and then at Oxford and Paris, devoting himself to philosophy, mathematics, and astrology.", "Michael Scot __knowledge__ It appears that he had also studied theology and become an ordained priest, as Pope Honorius III wrote to Stephen Langton on 16 January 1223/4, urging him to confer an English benefice on Scot, and nominated Scot as archbishop of Cashel in Ireland.", "Emily Bishop __knowledge__ Emily Bishop (also Nugent, Swain and known and credited in the early days of the show as Miss Nugent) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\".", "Emily Bishop __knowledge__ Portrayed by Eileen Derbyshire, the character is the longest-standing female character in the serial, having first appeared on-screen during an episode which aired on 27 January 1961.", "Emily Bishop __knowledge__ Derbyshire announced in November 2015 that she would be taking a sabbatical from the show and Emily departed on 1 January 2016 after 55 years.", "Emily Bishop __knowledge__ Derbyshire's initially planned six-month break was extended and, as of January 2018, she has not returned to the show." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport practiced widely internationally.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skates typically have 2 to 5 polyurethane wheels, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The in-line design allows for greater speed than roller skates and better manoeuvrability.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is also known as \"roller blading\" due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ A term used to refer to inline skates on a vert ramp, a half pipe with some vertical in it usually between 6in to 24in.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Vert skating is a form of gymnastics performed with skates.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The purpose of vert skating is to ride higher than the coping (which is the metal pipe on top of the ramp) and perform spins or flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ It focuses on complicated hard aerial maneuvers, such as spins and flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The intent of the skater is to build speed until they are of sufficient height above the edge of the ramp to perform various aerial acrobatics.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ In competitions skaters have limited time, often less than a minute, to impress the judges by landing numerous and difficult tricks.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily Gilmore is a fictional character who appears in the American comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\" (2000 – 2007) and its revival \"\" (2016) as the matriarch of the eponymous family.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Kelly Bishop, the character was created by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino in order to add a tragic element to the show's light-hearted nature.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily has had a complicated relationship with her daughter Lorelai ever since the character runs away at age 17 to raise her newborn daughter Rory on her own.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ They remain estranged for several years until Lorelai asks her parents to help pay for Rory's schooling, to which Emily agrees on the condition that her daughter and granddaughter visit them for dinner every Friday evening.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore, played by Lauren Graham, is the only daughter of Richard and Emily Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She is the mother of Lorelai \"Rory\" Leigh Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She became pregnant at the age of 16 but refused to marry Christopher Hayden, Rory's father, because she felt that a marriage at such a young age would not work out.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Instead, she ran away to the town of Stars Hollow, which is half an hour away from Hartford.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ In Stars Hollow, she meets Mia, the owner of the Independence Inn.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She begs Mia to hire her though she has no experience of any kind.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Inline skates are a type of roller skate used for inline skating.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Unlike quad skates, which have two front and two rear wheels, inline skates typically have two to five wheels arranged in a single line.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Some, especially those for recreation, have a rubber \"stop\" or \"brake\" block attached to the rear of one or occasionally both of the skates so that the skater can slow down or stop by leaning back on the foot with the brake skate.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ The modern style of inline skates was developed as a substitute for ice skates, for use by a Russian athlete training on solid ground for Olympic long track speed skating events.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive inline skating is a form of inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with focus on grinding and spins.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Participants refer to the activity as rollerblading, \"blading,\" \"skating,\" or \"rolling.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive skating can take place on found street obstacles or at skateparks.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Street skating primarily consists of performing grinds on ledges and rails, as well as jumping tall heights known as \"gaps.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Park skating recreates these obstacles with the additions of bowls and ramps on which \"vert\" skating can be performed.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Since 1994, the sport has been chronicled in various skating films and \"edits.\"", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Christopher Creveling (born December 29, 1986) is an American short track speed skater who represented the United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Growing up, his family owned a roller rink and was highly involved in the sport of roller skating.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Creveling followed in the footsteps of his older siblings, learning to skate as soon as he could walk.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ He was selected for the 2003 United States' Junior World roller skating team in 2003 and for the Senior World Team from 2004–06.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ At the 2004 World Championships, he won a gold medal as part of the US relay team.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ In 2007, Creveling switched from inline skating to ice speed skating in hopes of making the Olympics.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Roller skating is the traveling on surfaces with roller skates.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ It is a form of recreational activity as well as a sport, and can also be a form of transportation.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Skates generally come in three basic varieties: quad roller skates, inline skates or blades and tri-skates, though some have experimented with a single-wheeled \"quintessence skate\" or other variations on the basic skate design.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ In America, this hobby was most popular, first between 1935 and the early 1960s and then in the 1970s, when polyurethane wheels were created and disco music oriented roller rinks were the rage and then again in the 1990s when in-line outdoor roller skating, thanks to the improvement made to inline roller skates in 1981 by Scott Olson, took hold.", "Kelly Bishop __knowledge__ Carole \"Kelly\" Bishop (born February 28, 1944) is an American actress and dancer, best known for her roles as matriarch Emily Gilmore on the series \"Gilmore Girls\" and as Marjorie Houseman, the mother of Jennifer Grey's Frances \"Baby\" Houseman in the film \"Dirty Dancing.\"", "Kelly Bishop __knowledge__ Bishop created the role of Sheila in \"A Chorus Line,\" for which she won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical.", "Kelly Bishop __knowledge__ She also starred as Fanny Flowers in the ABC Family short-lived comedy-drama series \"Bunheads.\"", "Kelly Bishop __knowledge__ Bishop was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, to Jane Lenore (née Wahtola) and Lawrence Boden Bishop.", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore is a fictional character in the WB/CW television series \"Gilmore Girls\", portrayed by actress Lauren Graham.", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ She is a key character throughout the series' seven-year run from October 2000 until May 2007, and the 2016 revival \"\".", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ Lorelai is a single mother of a teenage daughter, Rory (Alexis Bledel).", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ The dynamic of single parenthood and the tension between Lorelai and her wealthy parents, Richard (Edward Herrmann) and especially her controlling mother, Emily (Kelly Bishop), form the main theme of the series story line.", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ Subplots involve various financial difficulties, love interests and other domestic entanglements for both Lorelai and her daughter Rory.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just \"speed skating\", while short-track speed skating is known as \"short track\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as \"speed skating\" and short track as \"short track skating\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The standard rink for long track is 400 meters long, but tracks of 200, 250 and 333⅓ meters are used occasionally.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama television series, created by Amy Sherman-Palladino and starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ The show debuted on October 5, 2000 on The WB and became a flagship series for the network.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ \"Gilmore Girls\" originally ran for seven seasons, with the final season moving to The CW, and ended its run on May 15, 2007.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ The show's main focus is on the relationship between single mother Lorelai Gilmore and her daughter Rory, who live in Stars Hollow, Connecticut, a small fictional town filled with colorful characters.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ The series explores issues of family, romance, education, friendship, disappointment, and ambition, along with generational divides and social class, the latter themes manifesting through Lorelai's difficult relationship with her high society parents, Emily and Richard, and Rory's experiences at elite schools.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life is an American web television series on the streaming service Netflix.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ It is a sequel to \"Gilmore Girls\", an American comedy-drama television series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino and starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel, which ran from 2000 to 2007 on The WB and The CW.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ The miniseries sees the return of Sherman-Palladino and her husband Daniel Palladino to the series after leaving prior to season 7.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ The series consisted of four 88 to 102-minute episodes, which were released on November 25, 2016.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ Each episode follows the characters through one of the four seasons.", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ \"Pilot\" is the pilot episode of the American comedy-drama series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ It originally aired on the WB in the United States on October 5, 2000.", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ The episode was written by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino and directed by Lesli Linka Glatter.", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ The episode introduces the two main characters, Lorelai Gilmore (Lauren Graham) and her daughter Rory (Alexis Bledel), as well as Lorelai's parents (Kelly Bishop and Edward Herrmann) and residents of Stars Hollow.", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ After Rory is accepted to the prestigious Chilton Preparatory School, Lorelai is forced to go to her wealthy parents for financial assistance.", "A Face to Die For __knowledge__ A Face To Die For (also known as The Face in the UK & Australia) is a 1996 television film, based on the book \"The Face\" by Marvin and Mark Werlin.", "A Face to Die For __knowledge__ The teleplay was also written by Marvin Werlin, Mark Werlin and Duane Poole, is a romantic thriller that starred Yasmine Bleeth, James Wilder and Robin Givens.", "A Face to Die For __knowledge__ Due to a tragic childhood accident, Emily Gilmore (Yasmine Bleeth) is left scarred both physically and mentally.", "A Face to Die For __knowledge__ The large scar on her face is a constant reminder to Emily that her career and love life are suffering.", "A Face to Die For __knowledge__ Lonely yet talented, Emily longs for a successful career and romance but is trapped by insecurity and fear.", "Amy Sherman-Palladino __knowledge__ Amy Sherman-Palladino (born January 17, 1966) is an American television writer, director, and producer.", "Amy Sherman-Palladino __knowledge__ The founder of Dorothy Parker Drank Here Productions, she is best known as the creator of the television series \"Gilmore Girls\", \"Bunheads\", and \"The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel\".", "Amy Sherman-Palladino __knowledge__ She is also well known for her trademark rapid-fire dialogue, which is often full of obscure pop culture references; and as well for her preferred master shot filming style.", "Amy Sherman-Palladino __knowledge__ Sherman-Palladino was born in New York Her parents are comedian Don Sherman, who died in May 2012 (the first episode of \"Bunheads\" was dedicated to him) and dancer Maybin Hewes.", "Gary Gilmore __knowledge__ Gary Mark Gilmore (December 4, 1940 – January 17, 1977) was an American criminal who gained international attention for demanding the implementation of his death sentence for two murders he committed in Utah.", "Gary Gilmore __knowledge__ After the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a new series of death penalty statutes in the 1976 decision \"Gregg v. Georgia\", he became the first person in almost ten years to be executed in the United States.", "Gary Gilmore __knowledge__ These new statutes avoided the problems under the 1972 decision in \"Furman v. Georgia,\" which had resulted in earlier death penalty statutes being deemed as \"cruel and unusual\" punishment, and therefore unconstitutional." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport practiced widely internationally.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skates typically have 2 to 5 polyurethane wheels, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The in-line design allows for greater speed than roller skates and better manoeuvrability.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is also known as \"roller blading\" due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ A term used to refer to inline skates on a vert ramp, a half pipe with some vertical in it usually between 6in to 24in.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Vert skating is a form of gymnastics performed with skates.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The purpose of vert skating is to ride higher than the coping (which is the metal pipe on top of the ramp) and perform spins or flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ It focuses on complicated hard aerial maneuvers, such as spins and flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The intent of the skater is to build speed until they are of sufficient height above the edge of the ramp to perform various aerial acrobatics.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ In competitions skaters have limited time, often less than a minute, to impress the judges by landing numerous and difficult tricks.", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies.", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the questions were of random difficulty).", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful international variants in the \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ franchise.", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The original U.S. version aired on ABC from August 16, 1999, to June 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin.", "Moto Guzzi __knowledge__ Moto Guzzi is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer and the oldest European manufacturer in continuous motorcycle production.", "Moto Guzzi __knowledge__ Established in 1921 in Mandello del Lario, Italy, the company is noted for its historic role in Italy's motorcycling manufacture, its prominence worldwide in motorcycle racing, and industry innovations—including the first motorcycle centre stand, wind tunnel and eight-cylinder engine.", "Moto Guzzi __knowledge__ Since 2004, Moto Guzzi has been a \"unico azionista\", a wholly owned subsidiary, and one of seven brands owned by Piaggio & C. SpA, Europe's largest motorcycle manufacturer and the world's fourth largest motorcycle manufacturer by unit sales.", "6th Florida Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ The 6th Florida Infantry Regiment' was raised by the Confederate State of Florida for service to the Provisional Army of the Confederate States of America.", "6th Florida Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ Organized and released from state service in mid-April 1862, the regiment would leave the state in mid-June, 1862.", "6th Florida Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ It was assigned from June through August 1862 to the Army of East Tennessee (Department of East Tennessee), General Edmund Kirby Smith commanding.", "6th Florida Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ The Army of East Tennessee was redesignated as the Confederate Army of Kentucky on August 25, 1862, when General Smith led it into eastern Kentucky during the Confederate Heartland Offensive.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ Va'etchanan ( — Hebrew for \"and I pleaded,\" the first word in the parashah) is the 45th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah tells how Moses asked to see the Land of Israel, made arguments to obey the law, recounted setting up the Cities of Refuge, recited the Ten Commandments and the \"Shema\", and gave instructions for the Israelites' conquest of the Land.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 7,343 Hebrew letters, 1,878 Hebrew words, 122 verses, and can occupy about 249 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "The Mole (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the Australian version of The Mole took place in various locations around Australia, and was hosted by Shura Taft.", "The Mole (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ In October 2012, the Seven Network announced through its 2013 programming launch that \"The Mole\" would return following a seven-year absence.", "The Mole (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ On 11 January 2013, it was announced that Shura Taft would be hosting the revived show.", "The Mole (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ The announced maximum kitty for the season was $250,000.", "The Mole (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ The show premiered on Tuesday, 2 July at 7:30pm, and was originally going to air three nights a week, however, disappointing ratings resulted in the show reverting to airing only once a week, on Wednesday nights showing double episodes at 9:30pm; that took effect from the fifth episode until the eleventh episode.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Beekeeping in India __knowledge__ Beekeeping in India has been mentioned in ancient Vedas and Buddhist scriptures.", "Beekeeping in India __knowledge__ Rock paintings of Mesolithic era found in Madhya Pradesh depict honey collection activities.", "Beekeeping in India __knowledge__ Scientific methods of beekeeping, however, started only in the late 19th century, although records of taming honeybees and using in warfare are seen in the early 19th century.", "Beekeeping in India __knowledge__ After Indian independence, beekeeping was promoted through various rural developmental programs.", "Beekeeping in India __knowledge__ Five species of bees that are commercially important for natural honey and beeswax production are found in India.", "Beekeeping in India __knowledge__ Bees, honey and beekeeping have been mentioned in various Hindu Vedic scriptures of India like \"Rig Veda, Atharva Veda, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Markandeya Purana, Raj Nighantu, Bharat Samhita, Arthashastra\", and \"Amar Kosha\".", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) __knowledge__ Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) __knowledge__ is a British television quiz show that offers a maximum cash prize of one million pounds for correctly answering successive multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty.", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) __knowledge__ One contestant played at a time and originally had no time limit to answer questions.", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) __knowledge__ Contestants were presented with the question and possible answers before they decided whether to attempt an answer, use one of their lifelines (50:50, Ask The Audience or Phone a Friend (or later on, Switch)), or walk away with what they have already won.", "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) __knowledge__ The show first aired on 4 September 1998 and aired its final episode on 11 February 2014.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Specimens of Middle Cornish texts are given here in Cornish and English.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Both texts have been dated within the period 1370-1410 and the \"Charter Fragment\" is given in two Cornish orthographies.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ (Earlier examples of written Cornish exist but these are the first in continuous prose or verse.)", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ It was not until the reign of Athelstan that the Cornish kings became subject to the rulers of Wessex: even so the border was established irrevocably on the east bank on the Tamar and in ecclesiastical matters Cornwall was added to the territory of the Bishops of Sherborne.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Under Canute it ceased to be subject to the King of England and only later, at an unknown date in Edward the Confessor's reign was annexed again.", "National Super Quiz Bee __knowledge__ The National Quiz Bee is currently the longest-running national academic quiz competition in the Philippines.", "National Super Quiz Bee __knowledge__ Starting out as a national spelling bee in 1977, the National Quiz Bee currently awards champions in mathematics, science, general information, and Philippine history.", "National Super Quiz Bee __knowledge__ The show aired on IBC-13 and Studio 23 and are hosted by Eddie Lacsi, Bingbing Josue, Pettizou Tayag, Atom Araullo, Spanky Enriquez and Danny Fajardo.", "National Super Quiz Bee __knowledge__ The National Quiz Bee is organized by the Quiz Bee Foundation.", "National Super Quiz Bee __knowledge__ The program enjoys generous support from the private sector, which mostly provides for the prizes and TV coverage.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily Gilmore is a fictional character who appears in the American comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\" (2000 – 2007) and its revival \"\" (2016) as the matriarch of the eponymous family.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Kelly Bishop, the character was created by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino in order to add a tragic element to the show's light-hearted nature.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily has had a complicated relationship with her daughter Lorelai ever since the character runs away at age 17 to raise her newborn daughter Rory on her own.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ They remain estranged for several years until Lorelai asks her parents to help pay for Rory's schooling, to which Emily agrees on the condition that her daughter and granddaughter visit them for dinner every Friday evening.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama television series, created by Amy Sherman-Palladino and starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ The show debuted on October 5, 2000 on The WB and became a flagship series for the network.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ \"Gilmore Girls\" originally ran for seven seasons, with the final season moving to The CW, and ended its run on May 15, 2007.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ The show's main focus is on the relationship between single mother Lorelai Gilmore and her daughter Rory, who live in Stars Hollow, Connecticut, a small fictional town filled with colorful characters.", "Gilmore Girls __knowledge__ The series explores issues of family, romance, education, friendship, disappointment, and ambition, along with generational divides and social class, the latter themes manifesting through Lorelai's difficult relationship with her high society parents, Emily and Richard, and Rory's experiences at elite schools.", "Gilmore Guys __knowledge__ Gilmore Guys is an audio podcast that follows Kevin T. Porter and Demi Adejuyigbe as they watch every episode of the television series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "Gilmore Guys __knowledge__ The show represents two points of view, as Porter is a longtime \"Gilmore Girls\" fan and Adejuyigbe is watching it for the first time.", "Gilmore Guys __knowledge__ They started the podcast in October 2014, the same day that \"Gilmore Girls\" became available on Netflix, and released their final episode in June 2017.", "Gilmore Guys __knowledge__ The podcast episodes usually feature a weekly guest, including notable figures from the comedy and media world such as Jason Mantzoukas, Paul F. Tompkins, Ben Schwartz, and Michael Ausiello.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore, played by Lauren Graham, is the only daughter of Richard and Emily Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She is the mother of Lorelai \"Rory\" Leigh Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She became pregnant at the age of 16 but refused to marry Christopher Hayden, Rory's father, because she felt that a marriage at such a young age would not work out.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Instead, she ran away to the town of Stars Hollow, which is half an hour away from Hartford.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ In Stars Hollow, she meets Mia, the owner of the Independence Inn.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She begs Mia to hire her though she has no experience of any kind.", "Bon Voyage (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ \"Bon Voyage\" was the initial series finale of the American comedy-drama series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "Bon Voyage (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ The episode serves as the 22nd episode of the seventh season and the show's 153rd episode overall.", "Bon Voyage (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ Written by David S. Rosenthal and directed by Lee Shallat-Chemel, the episode was originally broadcast on The CW in the United States on May 15, 2007.", "Bon Voyage (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ \"Gilmore Girls\" centers on the relationship of Lorelai Gilmore (Lauren Graham) and her daughter Rory (Alexis Bledel).", "Bon Voyage (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ In this episode, Rory gets a job offer, which forces her to cancel her plans to go on vacation with her mother, and the town of Stars Hollow organizes a farewell party for her.", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore is a fictional character in the WB/CW television series \"Gilmore Girls\", portrayed by actress Lauren Graham.", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ She is a key character throughout the series' seven-year run from October 2000 until May 2007, and the 2016 revival \"\".", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ Lorelai is a single mother of a teenage daughter, Rory (Alexis Bledel).", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ The dynamic of single parenthood and the tension between Lorelai and her wealthy parents, Richard (Edward Herrmann) and especially her controlling mother, Emily (Kelly Bishop), form the main theme of the series story line.", "Lorelai Gilmore __knowledge__ Subplots involve various financial difficulties, love interests and other domestic entanglements for both Lorelai and her daughter Rory.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life is an American web television series on the streaming service Netflix.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ It is a sequel to \"Gilmore Girls\", an American comedy-drama television series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino and starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel, which ran from 2000 to 2007 on The WB and The CW.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ The miniseries sees the return of Sherman-Palladino and her husband Daniel Palladino to the series after leaving prior to season 7.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ The series consisted of four 88 to 102-minute episodes, which were released on November 25, 2016.", "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life __knowledge__ Each episode follows the characters through one of the four seasons.", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ \"Pilot\" is the pilot episode of the American comedy-drama series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ It originally aired on the WB in the United States on October 5, 2000.", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ The episode was written by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino and directed by Lesli Linka Glatter.", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ The episode introduces the two main characters, Lorelai Gilmore (Lauren Graham) and her daughter Rory (Alexis Bledel), as well as Lorelai's parents (Kelly Bishop and Edward Herrmann) and residents of Stars Hollow.", "Pilot (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ After Rory is accepted to the prestigious Chilton Preparatory School, Lorelai is forced to go to her wealthy parents for financial assistance.", "Helen Pai __knowledge__ Helen Pai is an American television writer, director, and producer.", "Helen Pai __knowledge__ Pai works at Dorothy Parker Drank Here Productions, founded by close friend of Amy Sherman-Palladino and is co-producer of the television series \"Gilmore Girls\" and \"Bunheads\".", "Helen Pai __knowledge__ Pai also is a producer on SMILF \"Gilmore Girls\" character Lane Kim was modeled by Sherman-Paladino loosely after Pai.", "Helen Pai __knowledge__ Helen Pai is a Korean-American and was raised in an Adventist household.", "Helen Pai __knowledge__ She and Amy Sherman-Palladino have been friends since childhood.", "Helen Pai __knowledge__ The two have worked together on Gilmore Girls and Bunheads.", "Helen Pai __knowledge__ She is married to David (Dave) Rygalski, who is the basis of the character of the same name on \"Gilmore Girls\".", "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ \"Wedding Bell Blues\" is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy-drama series \"Gilmore Girls\" and the show's 100th episode overall.", "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ Written and directed by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino, the episode was originally broadcast on The WB in the United States on February 8, 2005.", "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ The episode features the renewal of vows by Emily (Kelly Bishop) and Richard Gilmore (Edward Herrmann).", "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ Their daughter Lorelai Gilmore (Lauren Graham) and their granddaughter Rory Gilmore (Alexis Bledel) serve as maid of honor and best man, respectively.", "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) __knowledge__ \"Wedding Bell Blues\" received positive reviews from television critics." ] ]

[ 53, 79, 57, 84 ]

[ "Have you ever seen Emily Scot ?", " Is Emily Gilmore any good?", "Gilmore Girls are as good as Emily?", "The key character in the Gilmore girls is Lorelai Victoria" ]

[ "Inline skating", "Inline skating", "Inline skating", "Inline skating" ]

[ "Fairy tale\nDo you believe in fairy tales? I think most of them are based on real life.", "Which fairy tale was your favorite as a child?", "Oh yes, that is a classic. The story of not judging someone based on their looks. It's a great story of morals.", "I have seen a lot of Disney pictures, some of them have some songs and I really enjoyed them!", "I have not seen Frozen yet, Have you seen it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features folkloric fantasy characters, such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ The term is mainly used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries, mostly relates to children's literature.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ In less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in \"fairy tale ending\" (a happy ending) or \"fairy tale romance\".", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Colloquially, a \"fairy tale\" or \"fairy story\" can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Legends are perceived as real; fairy tales may merge into legends, where the narrative is perceived both by teller and hearers as being grounded in historical truth.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ However, unlike legends and epics, they usually do not contain more than superficial references to religion and actual places, people, and events; they take place once upon a time rather than in actual times.", "The Tinderbox __knowledge__ \"The Tinderbox\" () is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen about a soldier who acquires a magic tinderbox capable of summoning three powerful dogs to do his bidding.", "The Tinderbox __knowledge__ When the soldier has one of the dogs transport a sleeping princess to his room, he is sentenced to death but cunningly summons the dogs to save his life.", "The Tinderbox __knowledge__ In the Aarne-Thompson tale index, The Tinderbox is type 562: The Spirit in the Blue Light.", "The Tinderbox __knowledge__ Other tales of this type include \"The Three Dogs\" and \"The Blue Light\".", "The Tinderbox __knowledge__ The tale has its source in a Scandinavian folk tale Andersen learned in his childhood, but similarities with \"Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp\" and other tales have been noted.", "Giovanni Francesco Straparola __knowledge__ Giovanni Francesco \"Gianfrancesco\" Straparola, also known as Zoan or Zuan Francesco Straparola da Caravaggio (ca.", "Giovanni Francesco Straparola __knowledge__ 1485?-1558) was a writer of poetry, and collector and writer of short stories.", "Giovanni Francesco Straparola __knowledge__ Some time during his life, he migrated from Caravaggio to Venice where he published a collection of stories in two volumes called \"The Facetious Nights\" or \"The Pleasant Nights\".", "Giovanni Francesco Straparola __knowledge__ This collection includes some of the first known printed versions of fairy tales in Europe, as they are known today.", "Giovanni Francesco Straparola __knowledge__ LIFE Not much is known of Straparola's life save for a few facts regarding his published works.", "Giovanni Francesco Straparola __knowledge__ He was likely born some time around 1485 in Caravaggio, Italy (on the Lombard plain east of Milan).", "Joseph Jacobs __knowledge__ Joseph Jacobs (29 August 1854 – 30 January 1916) was an Australian folklorist, translator, literary critic, social scientist, historian and writer of English literature who became a notable collector and publisher of English folklore.", "Joseph Jacobs __knowledge__ His work went on to popularize some of the world's best known versions of English fairy tales including \"Jack and the Beanstalk\", \"Goldilocks and the three bears\", \"The Three Little Pigs\", \"Jack the Giant Killer\" and \"The History of Tom Thumb\".", "Joseph Jacobs __knowledge__ He published his English fairy tale collections: \"English Fairy Tales\" in 1890 and \"More English Fairy Tales\" in 1893 but also went on after and in between both books to publish fairy tales collected from continental Europe as well as Jewish, Celtic and Indian fairytales which made him one of the most popular writers of fairytales for the English language.", "Andrew Lang's Fairy Books __knowledge__ Andrew Lang's Fairy Books are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913.", "Andrew Lang's Fairy Books __knowledge__ The best known books of the series are the 12 collections of fairy tales known as Andrew Lang's \"Coloured\" Fairy Books or Andrew Lang's Fairy Books of Many Colors.", "Andrew Lang's Fairy Books __knowledge__ In all, the volumes feature 798 stories, besides the 153 poems in \"The Blue Poetry Book\".", "Andrew Lang's Fairy Books __knowledge__ Andrew Lang (1844–1912) was a Scots poet, novelist, and literary critic.", "Andrew Lang's Fairy Books __knowledge__ He made most of the selections, while his wife and other translators did a large portion of the translating and retelling of the actual stories, as acknowledged in the prefaces.", "Children's literature __knowledge__ Children's literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are enjoyed by children.", "Children's literature __knowledge__ Modern children's literature is classified in two different ways: genre or the intended age of the reader.", "Children's literature __knowledge__ Children's literature can be traced to stories and songs, part of a wider oral tradition, that adults shared with children before publishing existed.", "Children's literature __knowledge__ The development of early children's literature, before printing was invented, is difficult to trace.", "Children's literature __knowledge__ Even after printing became widespread, many classic \"children's\" tales were originally created for adults and later adapted for a younger audience.", "Traditional story __knowledge__ Traditional stories, or stories about traditions, differ from both fiction and nonfiction in that the importance of transmitting the story's worldview is generally understood to transcend an immediate need to establish its categorization as imaginary or factual.", "Traditional story __knowledge__ In the academic circles of literature, religion, history, and anthropology, categories of traditional story are important terminology to identify and interpret stories more precisely.", "Traditional story __knowledge__ Some stories belong in multiple categories and some stories do not fit into any category.", "Traditional story __knowledge__ An \"anecdote\" is a short and amusing or interesting story about a biographical incident." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features folkloric fantasy characters, such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ The term is mainly used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries, mostly relates to children's literature.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ In less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in \"fairy tale ending\" (a happy ending) or \"fairy tale romance\".", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Colloquially, a \"fairy tale\" or \"fairy story\" can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Legends are perceived as real; fairy tales may merge into legends, where the narrative is perceived both by teller and hearers as being grounded in historical truth.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ However, unlike legends and epics, they usually do not contain more than superficial references to religion and actual places, people, and events; they take place once upon a time rather than in actual times.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in the \"Shrek\" franchise and spin-offs from it.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers, Michael Gough as his official voice in the video games) is the lead character in of all of the films.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He prides himself on being a big, green, terrifying ogre and is ill-tempered and mean.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He begins the series as an unsociable hermit until he meets his soon-to-be best friend, Donkey.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ In a deal with Lord Farquaad, he and Donkey embark on a quest to save Princess Fiona from the castle in which she was confined.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Despite their differences, Shrek and Fiona fall in love, marry at the end of the first film, and have three ogre babies in the third film.", "Fairytale Forest __knowledge__ The Fairytale Forest (\"Sprookjesbos\" in Dutch) is a wooded section of the amusement park Efteling in the Netherlands, where a number of well-known fairy tales and fairy tale figures are depicted by animated statues and buildings.", "Fairytale Forest __knowledge__ Most of the figures are inspired by the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and Charles Perrault.", "Fairytale Forest __knowledge__ The Fairytale Forest was founded on the work of R.J.Th.", "Fairytale Forest __knowledge__ van der Heijden, Peter Reijnders and Anton Pieck.", "Fairytale Forest __knowledge__ Van der Heijden conceived of the idea in the 1950s to boost tourism.", "Fairytale Forest __knowledge__ He asked his brother-in-law Peter Reijnders, a filmmaker and amateur inventor from Eindhoven, to recreate a fairy tale theme park Reijnders built.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Belle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991).", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Originally voiced by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara, Belle is the non-conforming daughter of an inventor.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Belle yearns to abandon her predictable village life in return for adventure.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a cold-hearted beast, Belle offers him her own freedom in exchange for her father's, and eventually learns to love the Beast despite his unsightly outward appearance.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg commissioned \"Beauty and the Beast\" as an animated musical with a strong heroine and hired first-time screenwriter Linda Woolverton to write it.", "Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two __knowledge__ Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two is a two-part Japanese adult visual novel series by Minori for Windows PCs.", "Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two __knowledge__ The first game in the series, \"Ef: The First Tale\", was released on December 22, 2006, and the second game, \"Ef: The Latter Tale\", was released on May 30, 2008.", "Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two __knowledge__ The opening video for the game was animated by Makoto Shinkai, and a majority of the music was produced by Tenmon, who has worked in the past with Shinkai and Minori.", "Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two __knowledge__ Female character design was by Naru Nanao of \"Da Capo\" fame, while male character design was by 2C Galore.", "Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two __knowledge__ Before the release of \"Ef: The First Tale\", a manga based on the overall story was serialized between 2005 and 2015 starting in \"Dengeki Comic Gao\", but later transferred to \"Dengeki Daioh\".", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Politically Correct Bedtime Stories __knowledge__ Politically Correct Bedtime Stories: Modern Tales for Our Life and Times is a 1994 book written by American writer James Finn Garner, in which Garner satirizes the trend toward political correctness and censorship of children's literature, with an emphasis on humour and parody.", "Politically Correct Bedtime Stories __knowledge__ The bulk of the book consists of fairy tales such as Little Red Riding Hood, the Three Little Pigs and Snow White, rewritten so that they supposedly represent what a \"politically correct\" adult would consider a good and moral tale for children.", "Politically Correct Bedtime Stories __knowledge__ The revisions include extensive usage of politically correct buzzwords (and parodies thereof), deliberately stiff moralizing dialogue and narration, inclusion of modern concepts and objects (such as health spas, mineral water, and automobiles), and often feature a plot twist that reverses the roles of the heroes and villains of the story (for example, the woodsman in Little Red Riding Hood is seen by Red Riding Hood not as a heroic saviour but as a \"sexist\" and \"speciesist\" interloper, and Snow White's evil stepmother ends up with a positive portrayal while the prince and the seven dwarves are portrayed as chauvinistic).", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ The main protagonists are Natsu Dragneel, a wizard with the powers of a dragonslayer who is searching for his adoptive dragon father Igneel, and Lucy Heartfilia, a celestial wizard who joins the Fairy Tail guild.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ In the early part of the series, they form a team including: Happy, a flying cat and best friend of Natsu; Gray Fullbuster, an ice wizard; and Erza Scarlet, a knight who specializes in using various magic weapons and armors.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ Throughout the series, Lucy and Natsu interact with and befriend other wizards and guilds in Fiore.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ They also encounter various antagonists from illegal \"dark\" guilds, and Zeref, an ancient wizard who is the series' main antagonist.", "Fairy Tail __knowledge__ The manga has been adapted into an anime series produced by A-1 Pictures, Dentsu Inc., and Satelight, which began broadcasting in Japan on October 12, 2009.", "Fairy Tail __knowledge__ Additionally, A-1 Pictures has developed seven original video animations and two animated feature films.", "Fairy Tail __knowledge__ The series ended its initial run on March 30, 2013.", "Fairy Tail __knowledge__ A second series premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2014, and ended on March 26, 2016.", "Fairy Tail __knowledge__ A third series of the anime series is scheduled to air in 2018.", "Fairy Tail __knowledge__ \"Fairy Tail\" was originally licensed for an English language release in North America by Del Rey Manga, which began releasing the individual volumes on March 25, 2008 and ended its licensing with the 12th volume release in September 2010.", "Hiro Mashima __knowledge__ Mashima stated that he knew he wanted to be a manga artist for as long as he can recall.", "Hiro Mashima __knowledge__ His father was an artist that aspired to turn professional, but died when Mashima was young.", "Hiro Mashima __knowledge__ Living in the mountains as a child, his grandfather would bring him discarded manga that he found.", "Hiro Mashima __knowledge__ After reading them, Mashima would draw from them.", "Hiro Mashima __knowledge__ When he graduated high school, he entered a school specializing in teaching manga artists, but left without completing the studies.", "Hiro Mashima __knowledge__ He stated that while it taught him the basics, he felt it would not help as a professional.", "Hiro Mashima __knowledge__ Mashima created a story on his own and brought it to manga editors, which led to entering it into a competition that he won.", "List of Rave Master characters __knowledge__ The \"Rave Master\" manga and anime series features an extensive cast of characters created by Hiro Mashima.", "List of Rave Master characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe that exists as a parallel world where vast numbers of humans as well as species known as sentenoids and demonoids fight using weapons, magic and evil artifacts known as Dark Bring (Shadow Stone in the anime's English dub).", "List of Rave Master characters __knowledge__ One of the most primary users of the artifact known as Dark Bring is an evil terrorist organization known as Demon Card (Shadow Guard in the anime's English dub) which plans to use it to take over the world and bring it into darkness.", "Fairy Tail Zero __knowledge__ In the year X679, six-year-old Mavis Vermillion lives on Sirius Island as a servant of the Red Lizard wizards' guild.", "Fairy Tail Zero __knowledge__ A violent skirmish breaks out between Red Lizard and Blue Skull, a rival guild, leaving Mavis the apparent sole survivor alongside Zera, the young daughter of Red Lizard's master.", "Fairy Tail Zero __knowledge__ Seven years later, a band of treasure hunters—Yuri Dreyar, Precht Gaebolg, and Warrod Sequen—come to the island in search of its sacred relic, the Sirius Orb.", "Fairy Tail Zero __knowledge__ As Yuri contends with a teenage Mavis over ownership of the orb, they discover it has already been taken by Blue Skull.", "Fairy Tail Zero __knowledge__ Mavis proposes she and Zera accompany the treasure hunters to recover the orb.", "Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess __knowledge__ , a priestess from Fire Village, escapes its destruction at the hands of an invading army with one of her village's two mystical Phoenix Stone halves, but is rendered unconscious.", "Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess __knowledge__ In the present day, Lucy Heartfilia finds Éclair and her birdlike companion collapsed on the streets of Magnolia while returning home from a mission.", "Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess __knowledge__ Lucy brings the two to Fairy Tail's guildhall to recover and introduces them to her friends Natsu Dragneel, Happy, Gray Fullbuster, Erza Scarlet, Wendy Marvell, and Carla.", "Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess __knowledge__ Hearing a premonition from Carla, Éclair heads to the monster-filled Boundary Forest.", "Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess __knowledge__ Despite resenting wizards and magic, she reluctantly accepts Lucy and her friends' offer to accompany her.", "Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry __knowledge__ Set between \"Fairy Tail\"s penultimate and final story arcs, the film focuses on the members of the titular wizard guild infiltrating the Kingdom of Stella to recover a stolen staff of cataclysmic power.", "Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry __knowledge__ Tetsuya Kakihara, Aya Hirano, Rie Kugimiya, Yuichi Nakamura, Sayaka Ōhara, Satomi Satō, and Yui Horie all reprise their roles from the television series, with Makoto Furukawa, Aoi Yūki, and Jiro Saito co-starring as new characters designed by Mashima and Yūko Yamada.", "Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry __knowledge__ The film was released in Japan on May 6, 2017.", "Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry __knowledge__ It received limited theatrical screenings worldwide, with Funimation releasing the film in North American theaters in both Japanese and localized English-dubbed formats from August 14 through August 19, 2017. , the Kingdom of Stella's minister of state and a practitioner of black magic, infiltrates the Kingdom of Fiore and steals the Dragon Cry, a mystical staff discovered in the dragon graveyard beneath the capital city." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features folkloric fantasy characters, such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ The term is mainly used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries, mostly relates to children's literature.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ In less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in \"fairy tale ending\" (a happy ending) or \"fairy tale romance\".", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Colloquially, a \"fairy tale\" or \"fairy story\" can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Legends are perceived as real; fairy tales may merge into legends, where the narrative is perceived both by teller and hearers as being grounded in historical truth.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ However, unlike legends and epics, they usually do not contain more than superficial references to religion and actual places, people, and events; they take place once upon a time rather than in actual times.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ Numbertime is a BBC educational numeracy television series for primary schools that was aired on BBC Two from 20 September 1993 to 3 December 2001.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ For its first four series, it was presented by Lolita Chakrabarti.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ El Nombre, an animated character from \"Numbertime\", eventually became the concept for another educational BBC children's television program; his name means \"The Name\" in Spanish, and not \"The Number\", which would be \"El Número\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ The third line of his opening song and his farewell catchphrase were also changed several times during the series' run, to reflect their focus - however, the original ones (\"Writing numbers in the desert sand\" which was also used for the seventh series, and \"Adios amigos, and keep counting\" which was also used for the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth series) remain the most famous.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ Yes Oh (styled as yes Oh) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", which broadcasts newer American and British TV Shows from HBO, AMC, Showtime, Starz and FX in Midnights.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The channel began airing on January 21, 2012, on channel 14, replacing \"yes Real\" \"yes Oh\" airs all of its schedule in High Definition simulcast on yes Oh HD on channel 14.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ On January 17, 2010, \"yes\" launched the channel Yes Next (styled as yes Next and formerly called \"yes stars Next\"), which broadcast American, British and Israeli TV shows from all genres.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The concept of the channel was to air shows approaching to the younger demographics.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) __knowledge__ Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) __knowledge__ The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (who was also credited in the English version as well as in the French version), and ideas from the 1946 French film of the same name directed by Jean Cocteau.", "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) __knowledge__ \"Beauty and the Beast\" focuses on the relationship between the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Belle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991).", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Originally voiced by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara, Belle is the non-conforming daughter of an inventor.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Belle yearns to abandon her predictable village life in return for adventure.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a cold-hearted beast, Belle offers him her own freedom in exchange for her father's, and eventually learns to love the Beast despite his unsightly outward appearance.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg commissioned \"Beauty and the Beast\" as an animated musical with a strong heroine and hired first-time screenwriter Linda Woolverton to write it.", "Beauty and the Beast (musical) __knowledge__ Beauty and the Beast is a musical with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, and book by Linda Woolverton.", "Beauty and the Beast (musical) __knowledge__ Adapted from Walt Disney Pictures' Academy Award-winning 1991 animated musical film of the same name – which in turn had been based on the classic French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont – \"Beauty and the Beast\" tells the story of a cold-blooded prince who has been magically transformed into an unsightly creature as punishment for his selfish ways.", "Beauty and the Beast (musical) __knowledge__ To revert into his true human form, the Beast must first earn the love of a bright, beautiful young woman whom he has imprisoned in his enchanted castle before it is too late.", "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) __knowledge__ Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films.", "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is based on Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's eighteenth-century fairy tale.", "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Walt Disney Animation Studios (WDAS), also referred to as Disney Animation, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, is an American animation studio that creates animated feature films, short films, and television specials for The Walt Disney Company.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Founded on October 16, 1923, it is a division of The Walt Disney Studios.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio has produced 56 feature films, from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937) to \"Moana\" (2016).", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ It was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio was exclusively dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934.", "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) __knowledge__ \"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991).", "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) __knowledge__ The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better.", "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) __knowledge__ Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling of love is as timeless and ageless as a \"tale as old as time\".", "Disney Princess __knowledge__ Disney Princess, also called the Princess Line, is a media franchise owned by The Walt Disney Company.", "Disney Princess __knowledge__ Created by Disney Consumer Products chairman Andy Mooney in the early 2000s, the franchise features a line-up of fictional female protagonists who have appeared in various Disney franchises.", "Disney Princess __knowledge__ The franchise does not include all princess characters from the whole of Disney-owned media, but rather refers to specific characters from the company's animated films.", "Disney Princess __knowledge__ , the eleven characters considered part of the franchise are Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, Tiana, Rapunzel, and Merida." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features folkloric fantasy characters, such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ The term is mainly used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries, mostly relates to children's literature.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ In less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in \"fairy tale ending\" (a happy ending) or \"fairy tale romance\".", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Colloquially, a \"fairy tale\" or \"fairy story\" can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Legends are perceived as real; fairy tales may merge into legends, where the narrative is perceived both by teller and hearers as being grounded in historical truth.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ However, unlike legends and epics, they usually do not contain more than superficial references to religion and actual places, people, and events; they take place once upon a time rather than in actual times.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "Walt Disney Pictures __knowledge__ Walt Disney Pictures, Inc. is an American film production company and a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company.", "Walt Disney Pictures __knowledge__ The division is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, and is the main producer of live-action feature films within the Walt Disney Studios unit.", "Walt Disney Pictures __knowledge__ It took on its current name in 1983.", "Walt Disney Pictures __knowledge__ Today, in conjunction with the other units of Walt Disney Studios, Walt Disney Pictures is classified as one of Hollywood's \"Big Six\" film studios.", "Walt Disney Pictures __knowledge__ Films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios are also released under this brand.", "Walt Disney Studios (division) __knowledge__ The Walt Disney Studios is an American film studio, one of the four major businesses of The Walt Disney Company and the main component of its Studio Entertainment segment.", "Walt Disney Studios (division) __knowledge__ The studio, best known for its multi-faceted film division, which is one of Hollywood's major film studios, is based at the eponymous Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California.", "Walt Disney Studios (division) __knowledge__ The Studios generated an estimated income of $2.703 billion during the 2016 fiscal year.", "Walt Disney Studios (division) __knowledge__ The studio entertainment business alone (live-action and animated motion pictures, direct-to-video content, musical recordings and live stage plays) brought in $5.83 billion in 2012.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Walt Disney Animation Studios (WDAS), also referred to as Disney Animation, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, is an American animation studio that creates animated feature films, short films, and television specials for The Walt Disney Company.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Founded on October 16, 1923, it is a division of The Walt Disney Studios.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio has produced 56 feature films, from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937) to \"Moana\" (2016).", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ It was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio was exclusively dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, officially Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's four major business segments and a subsidiary.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ The company is responsible for the conception, building, and managing of its theme parks and vacation resorts, as well as a variety of family-oriented leisure enterprises.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ It was founded in 1971, following the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World in Florida.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ Originally, the company was known as Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division and later as Walt Disney Attractions.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ The chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is Bob Chapek, formerly president of Disney Consumer Products.", "Enchanted (film) __knowledge__ Enchanted is a 2007 American musical fantasy romantic comedy film, produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment.", "Enchanted (film) __knowledge__ Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima, the film stars Amy Adams, Patrick Dempsey, James Marsden, Timothy Spall, Idina Menzel, Rachel Covey, and Susan Sarandon.", "Enchanted (film) __knowledge__ The plot focuses on Giselle, an archetypal Disney Princess, who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City.", "Enchanted (film) __knowledge__ \"Enchanted\" was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution.", "Saving Mr. Banks __knowledge__ Saving Mr. Banks is a 2013 period drama film directed by John Lee Hancock from a screenplay written by Kelly Marcel and Sue Smith.", "Saving Mr. Banks __knowledge__ Centered on the development of the 1964 film \"Mary Poppins\", the film stars Emma Thompson as author P. L. Travers and Tom Hanks as filmmaker Walt Disney, with supporting performances by Paul Giamatti, Jason Schwartzman, Bradley Whitford, and Colin Farrell.", "Saving Mr. Banks __knowledge__ Deriving its title from the father in Travers' story, \"Saving Mr. Banks\" depicts the author's fortnight-long meetings during 1961 in Los Angeles, during which Disney attempts to obtain the screen rights to her novels.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ It is the world's second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, after Comcast.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ Disney was founded on October 16, 1923 – by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney – as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ The company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions.", "Walt Disney Television __knowledge__ Walt Disney Television was the name of the television production division of The Walt Disney Company.", "Walt Disney Television __knowledge__ Walt Disney Television's television productions are broadcast, mostly on Disney Channel, Disney Junior, Disney XD, ABC.", "Walt Disney Television __knowledge__ Today, the majority of Walt Disney Television's productions are animated series which are produced through Walt Disney Television group (simply known as Walt Disney Television) the last known live-action series produced by WDTV was \"Smart Guy\" which ran for three seasons from 1997 to 1999 on the now-defunct WB Television Network.", "Walt Disney Television __knowledge__ While initially not interest in television back in the 1930s, Walt Disney changed his mind seeing TV at least as a promotional tool." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features folkloric fantasy characters, such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ The term is mainly used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries, mostly relates to children's literature.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ In less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in \"fairy tale ending\" (a happy ending) or \"fairy tale romance\".", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Colloquially, a \"fairy tale\" or \"fairy story\" can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ Legends are perceived as real; fairy tales may merge into legends, where the narrative is perceived both by teller and hearers as being grounded in historical truth.", "Fairy tale __knowledge__ However, unlike legends and epics, they usually do not contain more than superficial references to religion and actual places, people, and events; they take place once upon a time rather than in actual times.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters featured in the American stop motion animation series \"Moral Orel\".", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ Most of the characters' names are references in some way to the stop motion animation process.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ Orel Puppington (born November 28, 1993) is the protagonist of the stop-motion animated television series, \"Moral Orel\".", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ He is an 11- (later 12-) year-old boy whose quest is to be moral and good, which drives most of the plots of the episodes.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ He collects religious action figures and makes short animated movies with them.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ In his attempts to remain moral, he listens to Reverend Putty's sermons very closely.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature film, \"Frozen\", which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho, with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Walt Disney Animation Studios' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film's executive producer.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Since the film's release in November 2013, the franchise has expanded very rapidly.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ To date, the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions, merchandise, video games, books, a Disney on Ice show, and a short animated film.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "Zone de Sensibilité Picturale Immatérielle __knowledge__ Zone de Sensibilité Picturale Immatérielle (Zone of immaterial pictorial sensibility) is an artist's book and performance by the French artist Yves Klein.", "Zone de Sensibilité Picturale Immatérielle __knowledge__ The work involved the sale of documentation of ownership of empty space (the Immaterial Zone), taking the form of a cheque, in exchange for gold; if the buyer wished, the piece could then be completed in an elaborate ritual in which the buyer would burn the cheque, and Klein would throw half of the gold into the Seine.", "Zone de Sensibilité Picturale Immatérielle __knowledge__ The ritual would be performed in the presence of an art critic or distinguished dealer, an art museum director and at least two witnesses.", "Yves Klein __knowledge__ Yves Klein (; 28 April 1928 – 6 June 1962) was a French artist considered an important figure in post-war European art.", "Yves Klein __knowledge__ He was a leading member of the French artistic movement of Nouveau réalisme founded in 1960 by art critic Pierre Restany.", "Yves Klein __knowledge__ Klein was a pioneer in the development of performance art, and is seen as an inspiration to and as a forerunner of minimal art, as well as pop art.", "Yves Klein __knowledge__ Klein was born in Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes department of France.", "Yves Klein __knowledge__ His parents, Fred Klein and Marie Raymond, were both painters.", "Yves Klein __knowledge__ His father painted in a loose post-impressionist style, while his mother was a leading figure in Art informel, and held regular soirées with other leading practitioners of this Parisian abstract movement.", "Moscow Strikes Back __knowledge__ Moscow Strikes Back (, \"Razgrom Nemetskikh Voysk Pod Moskvoy\", \"Rout of the German troops near Moscow\") is a Soviet war documentary about the Battle of Moscow made during the battle in October 1941 – January 1942, directed by Leonid Varlamov and Ilya Kopalin.", "Moscow Strikes Back __knowledge__ It won an Academy Award for Best Documentary.", "Moscow Strikes Back __knowledge__ The film begins in Moscow, with civilians preparing defences in their streets.", "Moscow Strikes Back __knowledge__ Men in civilian clothes with rifles prepare for battle.", "Moscow Strikes Back __knowledge__ Women machine shell cases and prepare hand grenades.", "Moscow Strikes Back __knowledge__ An apparently huge Stalin makes a battle speech in Red Square to thousands of cheering Red Army soldiers on parade with greatcoats, ushankas and fixed bayonets.", "Proto-Cubism __knowledge__ Proto-Cubism (also referred to as Protocubism, Pre-Cubism or Early Cubism) is an intermediary transition phase in the history of art chronologically extending from 1906 to 1910.", "Proto-Cubism __knowledge__ Evidence suggests that the production of proto-Cubist paintings resulted from a wide-ranging series of experiments, circumstances, influences and conditions, rather than from one isolated static event, trajectory, artist or discourse.", "Proto-Cubism __knowledge__ With its roots stemming from at least the late 19th century this period can be characterized by a move towards the radical geometrization of form and a reduction or limitation of the color palette (in comparison with Fauvism).", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Belle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991).", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Originally voiced by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara, Belle is the non-conforming daughter of an inventor.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Belle yearns to abandon her predictable village life in return for adventure.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a cold-hearted beast, Belle offers him her own freedom in exchange for her father's, and eventually learns to love the Beast despite his unsightly outward appearance.", "Belle (Disney) __knowledge__ Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg commissioned \"Beauty and the Beast\" as an animated musical with a strong heroine and hired first-time screenwriter Linda Woolverton to write it.", "Wicked fairy godmother __knowledge__ The Wicked fairy godmother or the Wicked fairy, a rare figure in fairy tales, is nevertheless among the best-known figures from such tales because of her appearance in one of the most widely known tales, \"Sleeping Beauty\", and in the ballet derived from it.", "Wicked fairy godmother __knowledge__ Anonymous in her first appearance, she was later named in some variants Carabosse, and as Maleficent in Disney's animated version.", "Wicked fairy godmother __knowledge__ The oldest version of \"Sleeping Beauty\" that has been preserved is \"Sun, Moon, and Talia\" from Giambattista Basile's \"Pentamerone\".", "Wicked fairy godmother __knowledge__ This version does not feature any fairy godmothers; Talia's fate is prophesied, but Talia's fate is not caused by witchcraft.", "Evil Queen (Disney) __knowledge__ The Evil Queen, also known as the Wicked Queen or just the Queen, and sometimes instead identified by her given name as Queen Grimhilde, is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' first animated feature film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937) and a villain character in the extended Disney's \"Snow White\" franchise.", "Evil Queen (Disney) __knowledge__ She is based on the Evil Queen character from the European fairy tale \"Snow White\".", "Evil Queen (Disney) __knowledge__ In the film, similar to the Brothers Grimm story, the Evil Queen is cold, cruel, and extremely vain, and obsessively desires to remain the \"fairest in the land\".", "Evil Queen (Disney) __knowledge__ She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter, Princess Snow White, as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land; such love triangle element is one of Disney's changes to the story.", "Disney Princess __knowledge__ Disney Princess, also called the Princess Line, is a media franchise owned by The Walt Disney Company.", "Disney Princess __knowledge__ Created by Disney Consumer Products chairman Andy Mooney in the early 2000s, the franchise features a line-up of fictional female protagonists who have appeared in various Disney franchises.", "Disney Princess __knowledge__ The franchise does not include all princess characters from the whole of Disney-owned media, but rather refers to specific characters from the company's animated films.", "Disney Princess __knowledge__ , the eleven characters considered part of the franchise are Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, Tiana, Rapunzel, and Merida.", "Joseph Jacobs __knowledge__ Joseph Jacobs (29 August 1854 – 30 January 1916) was an Australian folklorist, translator, literary critic, social scientist, historian and writer of English literature who became a notable collector and publisher of English folklore.", "Joseph Jacobs __knowledge__ His work went on to popularize some of the world's best known versions of English fairy tales including \"Jack and the Beanstalk\", \"Goldilocks and the three bears\", \"The Three Little Pigs\", \"Jack the Giant Killer\" and \"The History of Tom Thumb\".", "Joseph Jacobs __knowledge__ He published his English fairy tale collections: \"English Fairy Tales\" in 1890 and \"More English Fairy Tales\" in 1893 but also went on after and in between both books to publish fairy tales collected from continental Europe as well as Jewish, Celtic and Indian fairytales which made him one of the most popular writers of fairytales for the English language." ] ]

[ 1, 20, 42, 8, 21 ]

[ "Yes I do especially when I was younger and I would read the fairy tail stories.", "I loved princess Belle she was an original on Walt Disney Pictures in Beauty and the Beast.", "Have you seen the musicals they also was a hit in fantasy films on Walt Disney Pictures?", "Those was the good fairy tales now it is all about Frozen that film came out by Disney.", "Yes to many times my kids love it it is about a princess who has powers since a child it also has a talking snowman and her powers are very strong that cause some trouble it is a good one as well." ]

[ "Fairy tale", "Fairy tale", "Fairy tale", "Fairy tale", "Fairy tale" ]

[ "Cat\nCats are a great companion. Do you have any?", "Do they eat the vermin?", "What type of cat is your favorite?", "I had no idea there were so many types. I prefer tabby's myself." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is a type of program through which free-roaming cats are trapped, sterilized (males are castrated and females undergo ovo-hysterectomies), and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated (barn/farmyard homes are often considered ideal).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Kittens young enough to be socialized and friendly adult cats may be placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals rather than returned to the outdoors.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Cats found suffering with terminal, untreatable, and/or contagious illnesses or injuries are often euthanized.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Feral cat __knowledge__ A feral cat is a cat that lives outdoors and has had little or no human contact.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They do not allow themselves to be handled or touched by humans, and will run away if they are able.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They typically remain hidden from humans, although some feral cats become more comfortable with people who regularly feed them.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Even with long term attempts at socialization, feral cats usually remain fearful and avoidant of humans.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Feral cats often live outdoors in colonies in locations where they can access food and shelter.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ These colonies are called \"managed colonies\" when they are provided with regular food and care by humans.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is a small to medium-sized American hunting terrier.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ Lower-set with shorter legs, more muscular, and heavier bone density than its cousin the American Rat Terrier.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ There is much diversity in the history of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier breed and it shares a common early history with the American Rat Terrier, Fox Paulistinha and Tenterfield Terrier.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ It is said the Rat Terrier background stems from the terriers or other dogs that were brought over by early English and other working class immigrants.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ Since the breed was a farm, hunting and utility dog there was little to no planned breeding other than breeding dogs with agreeable traits to each other in order to produce the desired work ethic in the dog.", "Clara Oswald __knowledge__ Clara Oswald is a fictional character created by Steven Moffat and portrayed by Jenna Coleman in the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\".", "Clara Oswald __knowledge__ First appearing in December 2012 in the show's seventh series, Clara served as a companion of the eleventh and twelfth incarnations of the alien time traveller known as the Doctor (portrayed by Matt Smith and Peter Capaldi, respectively).", "Clara Oswald __knowledge__ Clara is initially presented to the audience during the first half of Series 7 as three distinct, though similarly named, people living in different eras of time.", "Clara Oswald __knowledge__ The first two incarnations, Oswin Oswald and Clara Oswin Oswald, each die during the episode in which they appear." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ Vermin (Edward Whelan) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ The character's first appearance was in \"Captain America\" #272 (August 1982).", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ He was created by J. M. DeMatteis and Mike Zeck.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ Edward Whelan suffered severe physical and sexual abuse as a child from his father.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ As an adult, he became a geneticist working for Baron Helmut Zemo and Primus I (who was impersonating Arnim Zola).", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ In an experiment with the Primus/Arnim Zola imposter, his skin becomes a light pinkish fur color and he ends up resembling a cannibalistic, humanoid rat.", "Joël Vermin __knowledge__ Joël Vermin (born 5 February 1992) is a Swiss professional ice hockey winger who is currently playing for Lausanne HC of the National League (NL).", "Joël Vermin __knowledge__ Vermin was selected by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 7th round (186th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.", "Joël Vermin __knowledge__ Vermin made his National League A debut in Switzerland with SC Bern during the 2009–10 season.", "Joël Vermin __knowledge__ On 17 September 2013, Vermin was signed to a three-year, entry-level contract with the Tampa Bay Lightning.", "Joël Vermin __knowledge__ Vermin in his first season of professional hockey was loaned to SC Bern for the season.", "Joël Vermin __knowledge__ In 55 games that season Vermin recorded 22 points in 55 games.", "Vermin __knowledge__ Vermin (colloquially varmint or varmit) are pests or nuisance animals, that spread diseases or destroy crops or livestock.", "Vermin __knowledge__ Use of the term implies the need for extermination programs.", "Vermin __knowledge__ Since the term is defined in relation to human activities, which species are included vary from area to area and person to person.", "Vermin __knowledge__ The term derives from the Latin \"vermis\" (worm), and was originally used for the worm-like larvae of certain insects, many of which infest foodstuffs.", "Vermin __knowledge__ The term \"varmint\" (and \"vermint\") has been found in sources from c. 1530–1540s.", "Vermin __knowledge__ \"Varmint\" or \"varmit\" is an American-English colloquialism, particularly common to the American east and South-east within the nearby bordering states of the vast Appalachia region.", "The Sable Quean __knowledge__ The Sable Quean is the 21st novel in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques, and the last to be published before his death on February 5, 2011 (a twenty-second novel, \"The Rogue Crew\", was released in May 2011).", "The Sable Quean __knowledge__ It is illustrated by Sean Rubin.", "The Sable Quean __knowledge__ It was to be originally released in autumn 2009, but the release date was moved to January 2010, and then later delayed a second time to February 23, 2010.", "The Sable Quean __knowledge__ The mass market paperback edition was released on April 26, 2011.", "The Sable Quean __knowledge__ He appears out of thin air, and vanishes just as quickly.", "The Sable Quean __knowledge__ He is Zwilt the Shade, and he is evil.", "The Sable Quean __knowledge__ Yet he is no match for his ruler, Vilaya the Sable Quean.", "Johnny Dangerously __knowledge__ Johnny Dangerously is a 1984 American parody of 1930s' crime/gangster movies.", "Johnny Dangerously __knowledge__ It was directed by Amy Heckerling; its four screenwriters included Bernie Kukoff and Jeff Harris.", "Johnny Dangerously __knowledge__ The film stars Michael Keaton as an honest, goodhearted man who is forced to turn to a life of crime to finance his mother's skyrocketing medical bills and to put his younger brother through law school.", "Johnny Dangerously __knowledge__ It also features Joe Piscopo, Marilu Henner, Maureen Stapleton, Peter Boyle, Griffin Dunne, Dom DeLuise, Danny DeVito, Dick Butkus and Alan Hale, Jr. 1935.", "Johnny Dangerously __knowledge__ A pet shop owner catches a young boy shoplifting a puppy.", "Johnny Dangerously __knowledge__ To discourage the kid from a life of crime, the owner tells a story.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ The Taggerung is a fantasy novel by Brian Jacques, published in 2001.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ It is the 14th book in the \"Redwall\" series.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ Sawney Rath, ferret chief of the Juska tribe is hatching a plan.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ His seer has prophesized that a Taggerung has been born, a legendary creature with extraordinary fighting skills – superior to all others in strength, fleetness of foot and stealth.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ Sawney is determined to hunt the babe down, raise him as his own and bring glory to the Juska clan.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ But there is more.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ The seer has seen a hawk strike a dove in the air, their cries giving out a bell-like sound.", "The Taggerung __knowledge__ Sawney demands to know what this omen means.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Kraven's Last Hunt __knowledge__ \"Kraven's Last Hunt\" (also known as \"Fearful Symmetry\") is a comic book storyline by J.M.", "Kraven's Last Hunt __knowledge__ DeMatteis and Mike Zeck published in 1987, featuring the final battle between Marvel Comics characters Kraven the Hunter and Spider-Man.", "Kraven's Last Hunt __knowledge__ The story was originally published in \"Web of Spider-Man\" #31-32, \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #293-294, and \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\" #131-132.", "Kraven's Last Hunt __knowledge__ In the mid-1980s, John Marc DeMatteis proposed a Wonder Man limited series involving his half-brother, Grim Reaper, in which Wonder Man is buried and ultimately crawls out of the grave.", "Kraven's Last Hunt __knowledge__ Tom DeFalco turned down the proposal.", "Kraven's Last Hunt __knowledge__ Years later, DeMatteis reworked the scene of a hero coming out of the grave into a Batman story exploring what would happen if the Joker actually killed Batman.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ The series centers on Tori Vega, a student of Hollywood Arts High School, who gets into wacky screwball situations on a daily basis.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori Vega (Victoria Justice) is the younger sister of Trina Vega and attends Hollywood Arts, a performing arts high school, along with her sister.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ When Trina experiences an allergic reaction to a Chinese herb before a big showcase at school, Tori is volunteered by Andre to take her place since she knew the piece meant to be played.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori performs \"Make it Shine\" (the \"Victorious\" theme song) and everyone is impressed with her performance, including the principal, who offers her enrollment to the school.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ The Manx cat (, in earlier times often spelled Manks), is a breed of domestic cat (\"Felis catus\") originating on the Isle of Man, with a naturally occurring mutation that shortens the tail.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, the Cymric.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The Iriomote cat (\"Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis\") is a subspecies of the leopard cat that lives exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ It has been listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the only population comprises fewer than 250 adult individuals and is considered declining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ As of 2007, there were an estimated 100–109 individuals remaining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is called .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In local dialects of the Yaeyama language, it is known as , , and .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The fur of the Iriomote cat is mostly dark gray and light brown, with lighter hair on the belly and insides of the limbs.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon short series.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters did not appear in all of the movies.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Tom (named \"Jasper\" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ \"Tom\" is a generic name for a male cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named \"Jinx\" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting items such as anvils with relative ease and withstanding considerable impacts.", "Mickey Mouse __knowledge__ Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company.", "Mickey Mouse __knowledge__ He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928.", "Mickey Mouse __knowledge__ An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters.", "Mickey Mouse __knowledge__ Mickey first appeared in the short \"Plane Crazy\", debuting publicly in the short film \"Steamboat Willie\" (1928), one of the first sound cartoons.", "Mickey Mouse __knowledge__ He went on to appear in over 130 films, including \"The Band Concert\" (1935), \"Brave Little Tailor\" (1938), and \"Fantasia\" (1940).", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Tom and Jerry is an American animated series of short films created in 1940, by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ It centers on a rivalry between its two title characters, Tom and Jerry, and many recurring characters, based around slapstick comedy.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ In its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 115 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1940 to 1958.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ During this time, they won seven Academy Awards for Animated Short Film, tying for first place with Walt Disney's \"Silly Symphonies\" with the most awards in the category.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ After the MGM cartoon studio closed in 1957, MGM revived the series with Gene Deitch directing an additional 13 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Rembrandt Films from 1961 to 1962.", "Mickey Mouse universe __knowledge__ The Mickey Mouse universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting for stories involving Disney cartoon characters Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Pluto, Goofy, Donald Duck and many other characters.", "Mickey Mouse universe __knowledge__ The universe originated from the \"Mickey Mouse\" animated short films produced by Disney starting in 1928, but its first consistent version was created by Floyd Gottfredson in the \"Mickey Mouse\" newspaper comic strip.", "Mickey Mouse universe __knowledge__ Real-world versions also exist in Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland, called Mickey's Toontown.", "Mickey Mouse universe __knowledge__ Since 1990, the actual city in which Mickey lives is typically called Mouseton, and is often depicted as the city next to Duckburg, the city in which Donald Duck lives (see Donald Duck universe)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Tabby cat __knowledge__ A tabby is any domestic cat (\"Felis catus\") that has a coat featuring distinctive stripes, dots, lines or swirling patterns, usually together with a mark resembling an 'M' on its forehead.", "Tabby cat __knowledge__ Tabbies are sometimes erroneously assumed to be a cat breed.", "Tabby cat __knowledge__ In fact, the tabby pattern is found in many breeds, and is a genetic landrace common among the general mixed-breed population.", "Tabby cat __knowledge__ The tabby pattern is a naturally occurring feature that may be related to the coloration of the domestic cat's direct ancestor, the African wildcat (\"Felis lybica lybica\"), which — along with the European wildcat (\"Felis silvestris silvestris\") and Asiatic wildcat (\"Felis lybica ornata\") — has a similar coloration.", "Drool (film) __knowledge__ Drool is a 2009 American film, starring Laura Harring, Jill Marie Jones, Oded Fehr, Ashley Duggan Smith, and Christopher Newhouse.", "Drool (film) __knowledge__ The film itself speaks of sexual assault, teenage sex, homosexuals, verbal abuse and physical abuse.", "Drool (film) __knowledge__ Anora Fleece (Laura Harring) who had dreams of a fairy tale marriage with her husband Cheb (Oded Fehr), discovers that reality is harsh, finding her only solace in daydreams.", "Drool (film) __knowledge__ Cheb becomes sullen, abusive & disrespectful toward her.", "Drool (film) __knowledge__ Her two children, Tabby & Little Pete (Ashley Duggan Smith, Christopher Newhouse) adopt similar attitudes toward her.", "Drool (film) __knowledge__ When soft-spoken Anora meets with her new neighbor Imogene Cochran (Jill Marie Jones), the bright bubbly woman offers exciting new perspective on life.", "The Worst Witch __knowledge__ The Worst Witch is a series of children's books written and illustrated by Jill Murphy.", "The Worst Witch __knowledge__ The series are primarily boarding school and fantasy stories, with seven books already published.", "The Worst Witch __knowledge__ The first one, \"The Worst Witch\", was published in 1974 by Allison & Busby, and the most recent one, \"The Worst Witch and the Wishing Star\", was published in 2013 by Puffin Books, the current publisher of all the series.", "The Worst Witch __knowledge__ The books have become some of the most successful titles on the Young Puffin paperback list and have sold more than 4 million copies.", "The Worst Witch __knowledge__ In 1986, the first book in the series was made into a television film of the same name.", "Tabby's Place __knowledge__ Tabby's Place is a cat sanctuary situated in Ringoes, New Jersey, United States.", "Tabby's Place __knowledge__ Opened in 2003, it can house approximately 100 cats, which come primarily from high-volume public animal shelters where they have been scheduled to be killed.", "Tabby's Place __knowledge__ Opened in 2003, the inception of Tabby’s Place began with a stray brown tabby cat.", "Tabby's Place __knowledge__ Jonathan Rosenberg, then Chief Technology Officer at CNET, and his wife Sharon adopted this cat and named him \"Tabby.\"", "Tabby's Place __knowledge__ The Rosenbergs lost Tabby fifteen years later to untreatable squamous cell carcinoma.", "Tabby's Place __knowledge__ In honor of Tabby, Jonathan resigned from his job, cashed in his company stock options and invested more than US$2 million to create a new 501c-3 non-profit corporation called Tabby's Place.", "Tabby concrete __knowledge__ Tabby is a type of concrete made by burning oyster shells to create lime, then mixing it with water, sand, ash and broken oyster shells.", "Tabby concrete __knowledge__ Tabby was used by early Spanish settlers in present-day North Carolina and Florida, then by English colonists primarily in coastal South Carolina and Georgia.", "Tabby concrete __knowledge__ Revivals in the use of tabby spread northward and continued into the early 19th century.", "Tabby concrete __knowledge__ Tabby was normally protected with a coating of plaster or stucco.", "Tabby concrete __knowledge__ Tabby's origin is uncertain.", "Tabby concrete __knowledge__ There is evidence that North African Moors brought a predecessor form of tabby to Spain when they invaded that kingdom: a form of tabby is used in Morocco today and some tabby structures survive in Spain, though in both instances the aggregate is granite, not oyster shells.", "Golden tiger __knowledge__ A golden tiger, golden tabby tiger or strawberry tiger is a tiger with a colour variation caused by a recessive gene.", "Golden tiger __knowledge__ The coloration is a result of captive breeding, inbreeding and can simply not occur in the wild.", "Golden tiger __knowledge__ Like the white tiger, it is a color form and not a separate species.", "Golden tiger __knowledge__ No official name has been designated for the colour.", "Golden tiger __knowledge__ It is sometimes referred to as the strawberry tiger due to the strawberry blonde coloration.", "Golden tiger __knowledge__ Their striping is much paler than usual and may fade into spots or large prominent patches.", "Golden tiger __knowledge__ Golden tigers also tend to be larger and, due to the effect of the gene on the hair shaft, have softer fur than their orange relatives.", "Vancouver Orphan Kitten Rescue Association __knowledge__ The Vancouver Orphan Kitten Rescue Association (VOKRA) is a no kill, non-profit cat rescue organization in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, providing trap-neuter-return services to Vancouver and nearby communities.", "Vancouver Orphan Kitten Rescue Association __knowledge__ In 2000, Karen Duncan and Maria Soroski founded the Vancouver Orphan Kitten Rescue Association (VOKRA) in Vancouver, British Columbia.", "Vancouver Orphan Kitten Rescue Association __knowledge__ They first planned to care for very young, mainly bottle-feeding kittens, who rarely survived if found without a mother cat.", "Vancouver Orphan Kitten Rescue Association __knowledge__ They soon found that older kittens would do better in foster care, and then included mother cats, both tame and feral, and eventually a full trap-neuter-return program.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The Persian cat (Persian: گربه ایرانی \"Gorbe Irâni\") is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by its round face and short muzzle.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ It is also known as the Persian Longhair.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ In the Middle East they are widely known as \"Iranian cat\" and in Iran they are known as \"Shirazi cat\".", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The first documented ancestors of the Persian were imported into Italy from Iran (Persia) around 1620.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The exact history of the Persian cat does seem to be a bit of a mystery but many of these long-haired cats were seen in hieroglyphics.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The story has it that these long-haired cats were then imported into Europe as their popularity grew and breeding took place in Italy and France.", "Domestic short-haired cat __knowledge__ A domestic short-haired cat is a cat of mixed ancestry – thus not belonging to any particular recognized cat breed – possessing a coat of short fur.", "Domestic short-haired cat __knowledge__ In British English, they are often referred to as moggies.", "Domestic short-haired cat __knowledge__ Domestic short-haired cats should not be confused with the British Shorthair, American Shorthair or other standardized breeds with \"Shorthair\" names, which are breeds recognized by various registries.", "Domestic short-haired cat __knowledge__ Domestic short-haireds are the most common cat in the United States, accounting for around 90–95% of their number.", "Domestic short-haired cat __knowledge__ Other generic terms include house cat and alley cat (the latter may be used more specifically to refer to feral specimens)." ] ]

[ 3, 32, 4, 28 ]

[ "Not right now, but I wish I did they are great for companionship and they can hunt vermin...lol", "Sometimes, but I use to have a cat that would vermin (mouse and stuff) and try to bring them to me as gifts.", "That is hard to pick since there are more then seventy breeds, but I guess one of my favorites would be a Tabby cat or a Simoneese ", "Their pattern is related to the their ancestor the African wildcat" ]

[ "Cat", "Cat", "Cat", "Cat" ]

[ "Self-consciousness", "Hello! I am generally quite self-conscious. It differs between situations. ", "I do too! I become shaky and my heart races. I have to leave the situation because I'm too uncomfortable.", "Yes, I have suffered from shyness my entire life. I am working on becoming less shy." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Self-consciousness is a heightened sense of self-awareness.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ It is a preoccupation with oneself, as opposed to the philosophical state of self-awareness, which is the awareness that one exists as an individual being, though the two terms are commonly used interchangeably or synonymously.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ An unpleasant feeling of self-consciousness may occur when one realizes that one is being watched or observed, the feeling that \"everyone is looking\" at oneself.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Some people are habitually more self-conscious than others.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Unpleasant feelings of self-consciousness are sometimes associated with shyness or paranoia.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ When feeling self-conscious, one becomes aware of even the smallest of one's own actions.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Such awareness can impair one's ability to perform complex actions.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Adolescence is believed to be a time of heightened self-consciousness.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ A person with a chronic tendency toward self-consciousness may be shy or introverted.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Unlike self-awareness, which in a philosophical context is being conscious of oneself as an individual, self-consciousness, being excessively conscious of one's appearance or manner, can be a problem at times.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Self-consciousness is often associated with shyness and embarrassment, in which case a lack of pride and low self-esteem can result." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Self-consciousness is a heightened sense of self-awareness.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ It is a preoccupation with oneself, as opposed to the philosophical state of self-awareness, which is the awareness that one exists as an individual being, though the two terms are commonly used interchangeably or synonymously.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ An unpleasant feeling of self-consciousness may occur when one realizes that one is being watched or observed, the feeling that \"everyone is looking\" at oneself.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Some people are habitually more self-conscious than others.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Unpleasant feelings of self-consciousness are sometimes associated with shyness or paranoia.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ When feeling self-conscious, one becomes aware of even the smallest of one's own actions.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Such awareness can impair one's ability to perform complex actions.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Adolescence is believed to be a time of heightened self-consciousness.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ A person with a chronic tendency toward self-consciousness may be shy or introverted.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Unlike self-awareness, which in a philosophical context is being conscious of oneself as an individual, self-consciousness, being excessively conscious of one's appearance or manner, can be a problem at times.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Self-consciousness is often associated with shyness and embarrassment, in which case a lack of pride and low self-esteem can result.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ Neuroscience of free will, a part of neurophilosophy, is the study of the interconnections between free will and neuroscience.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ As it has become possible to study the human living brain, researchers have begun to watch decision making processes at work.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ Findings could carry implications for our sense of agency, moral responsibility, and our understanding of consciousness in general.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ One of the pioneering studies in this domain was designed by Benjamin Libet, while other studies have attempted to predict participant actions before they make them.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ The field remains highly controversial.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ There is no consensus among researchers about the significance of findings, their meaning, or what conclusions may be drawn.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear (\"Ursus arctos\") is the most widely distributed bear and is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in body size only by its close cousin, the polar bear (\"Ursus maritimus\"), which is much less variable in size and slightly larger on average.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear's principal range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia, and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several European countries.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "Drowning __knowledge__ Drowning is defined as respiratory impairment from being in or under a liquid.", "Drowning __knowledge__ It is further classified by outcome into: death, ongoing health problems, and no ongoing health problems.", "Drowning __knowledge__ Drowning itself is quick and silent, although it may be preceded by distress which is more visible.", "Drowning __knowledge__ Generally, in the early stages of drowning, very little water enters the lungs: a small amount of water entering the trachea causes a muscular spasm that seals the airway and prevents the passage of both air and water until unconsciousness occurs.", "Drowning __knowledge__ This means a person drowning is unable to shout or call for help, or seek attention, as they cannot obtain enough air.", "Critique of Pure Reason __knowledge__ The Critique of Pure Reason (, KrV) (1781; second edition 1787) is a book by Immanuel Kant that is considered one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "Critique of Pure Reason __knowledge__ Also referred to as Kant's \"First Critique\", it was followed by the \"Critique of Practical Reason\" (1788) and the \"Critique of Judgment\" (1790).", "Critique of Pure Reason __knowledge__ In the preface to the first edition Kant explains that by a \"critique of pure reason\" he means not \"a critique of books and systems, but of the faculty of reason in general, in respect of all knowledge after which it may strive independently of all experience.\"", "Critique of Pure Reason __knowledge__ Investigating the foundations and limits of human knowledge, and the extent to which the human mind is able to engage in metaphysics, Kant builds on the work of empiricist philosophers such as John Locke and David Hume, as well as rationalists such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Christian Wolff.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Self-consciousness is a heightened sense of self-awareness.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ It is a preoccupation with oneself, as opposed to the philosophical state of self-awareness, which is the awareness that one exists as an individual being, though the two terms are commonly used interchangeably or synonymously.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ An unpleasant feeling of self-consciousness may occur when one realizes that one is being watched or observed, the feeling that \"everyone is looking\" at oneself.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Some people are habitually more self-conscious than others.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Unpleasant feelings of self-consciousness are sometimes associated with shyness or paranoia.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ When feeling self-conscious, one becomes aware of even the smallest of one's own actions.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Such awareness can impair one's ability to perform complex actions.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Adolescence is believed to be a time of heightened self-consciousness.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ A person with a chronic tendency toward self-consciousness may be shy or introverted.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Unlike self-awareness, which in a philosophical context is being conscious of oneself as an individual, self-consciousness, being excessively conscious of one's appearance or manner, can be a problem at times.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Self-consciousness is often associated with shyness and embarrassment, in which case a lack of pride and low self-esteem can result.", "The Epic Masters __knowledge__ The Epic Masters is a box set compilation comprising ten remastered albums by Shakin' Stevens.", "The Epic Masters __knowledge__ Released on 16 November 2009, the set contains nine albums originally released by Epic Records between 1980 and 1990, plus an exclusive CD of 12\" extended mixes.", "The Epic Masters __knowledge__ The set was also made available as a download through iTunes.", "The Epic Masters __knowledge__ Although one of the most popular acts of the 1980s, Shakin' Stevens' major period of success came just before the emergence of the compact disc as a major format.", "The Epic Masters __knowledge__ Three of Stevens' albums (\"This Ole House\", \"Shaky\" and \"Give Me Your Heart Tonight\") had made the top 3 of the UK charts during 1981 and 1982 and, as a result, his 1983 release \"The Bop Won't Stop\" was one of the earliest of Epic's albums to be transferred to the CD format.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ Crossed is a comic book written by Garth Ennis and drawn by Jacen Burrows for the first ten issues, and published by Avatar Press.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ Following volumes \"Crossed: Family Values\", \"Crossed 3D\", and \"Crossed: Psychopath\" were written by David Lapham.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ A new series, \"Crossed: Badlands\" is written and drawn by rotating creative teams.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ The franchise has also spawned two webcomics: \"Crossed: Wish You Were Here\", which ran from 2012–2014, and \"Crossed: Dead or Alive\", which began syndication in November 2014.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ \"Crossed\" is a creator-owned series from writer Garth Ennis and artist Jacen Burrows.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ It began with \"Crossed\" #0 on August 27, 2008 and all 10 issues have been released.", "Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets __knowledge__ Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets were a rock and roll group formed in Cardiff, Wales in 1969.", "Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets __knowledge__ Although most notable now for their lead singer Shakin' Stevens, who went on to become one of the UK's most popular artists of the 1980s, the band released several records and toured extensively throughout the 1970s.", "Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets __knowledge__ A version of the Sunsets, containing original members, still tours annually in the UK, Europe and Australia.", "Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets __knowledge__ Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets evolved from the rock and roll scene in and around the Penarth and Ely areas just outside Cardiff.", "Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets __knowledge__ One of its leading lights since the late 1950s was the Backbeats, a band fronted by Robert Llewellyn (who performed under the name of Rockin' Louie) and managed by Paul 'Legs' Barrett, a local entrepreneur and \"card-carrying Communist\".", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Shaky Shaky __knowledge__ \"Shaky Shaky\" is a single by Puerto Rican reggaeton recording artist Daddy Yankee from his eighth studio album \"El Disco Duro\", scheduled to be released during early 2017.", "Shaky Shaky __knowledge__ The song was recorded in December 2015 as a freestyle during a recording session in Puerto Rico and later released on 8 April 2016 by El Cartel Records.", "Shaky Shaky __knowledge__ The song was written by Daddy Yankee, Urbani \"Urba\" Mota and Luis \"Rome\" Romero.", "Shaky Shaky __knowledge__ It was produced by Los Evo Jedis, the duo of Urbani Mota and Luis Romero.", "Shaky Shaky __knowledge__ The song became Yankee's fourth number one \"Billboard\"s Hot Latin Songs chart and also his first \"Billboard\" Hot 100 entry since 2007.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Shaky camera __knowledge__ Handheld camera, shaky cam, queasy cam, queasicam, hand-held camera or free camera is a cinematographic technique where stable-image techniques are purposely dispensed with.", "Shaky camera __knowledge__ The camera is held in the hand, or given the appearance of being hand-held, and in many cases shots are limited to what one photographer could have accomplished with one camera.", "Shaky camera __knowledge__ Shaky cam is often employed to give a film sequence an ad hoc, electronic news-gathering, or documentary film feel.", "Shaky camera __knowledge__ It suggests unprepared, unrehearsed filming of reality, and can provide a sense of dynamics, immersion, instability or nervousness.", "Shaky camera __knowledge__ The technique can be used to give a pseudo-documentary or \"cinéma vérité\" appearance to a film.", "Riddler __knowledge__ The Riddler (Edward Nygma) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman.", "Riddler __knowledge__ The character made his first appearance in \"Detective Comics\" #140 (October, 1948) and was created by Bill Finger and Dick Sprang.", "Riddler __knowledge__ Depicted as a Gotham City criminal mastermind, the Riddler takes delight in incorporating riddles and puzzles into his plots, and leaves them as clues for the authorities and Batman to solve.", "Riddler __knowledge__ The character is one of Batman's most enduring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman's rogues gallery.", "Freeze-drying __knowledge__ Freeze-drying—technically known as lyophilisation, lyophilization, or cryodesiccation—is a dehydration process typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transport.", "Freeze-drying __knowledge__ Freeze-drying works by freezing the material and then reducing the surrounding pressure to allow the frozen water in the material to sublime directly from the solid phase to the gas phase.", "Freeze-drying __knowledge__ The process of freeze-drying was invented in 1906 by Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval and his assistant Frédéric Bordas at the laboratory of biophysics of Collège de France in Paris.", "Freeze-drying __knowledge__ In 1911 Downey Harris and Shackle developed the freeze-drying method of preserving live rabies virus which eventually led to development of the first antirabies vaccine.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ The is in charge of investigating the strange happenings regarding the Roidmude and \"Heaviness\" within the city.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ This division is located inside .", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ They are assisted by Kamen Rider Drive, but very few on the force are aware of his identity.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ After the Roidmudes' (Banno's) case is over, the division is finally disbanded.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ is a young man who joined the Metropolitan Police to solve the mystery behind the death of his father Eisuke Tomari.", "List of Kamen Rider Drive characters __knowledge__ During an event called the Global Freeze, while tracking down a terrorist organization called Neo-Shade, Shinnosuke accidentally left his squad partner Akira Hayase behind and he was critically wounded.", "SS Possehl __knowledge__ Possehl was a cargo ship that was built in 1921 by Howaldtswerke, Kiel, Germany for a German shipping line.", "SS Possehl __knowledge__ She was seized by the British in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Exe.", "SS Possehl __knowledge__ In 1947, she was transferred to the Greek Government and renamed Hermoupolis.", "SS Possehl __knowledge__ She was sold into merchant service in 1948 and used as a depôt ship.", "SS Possehl __knowledge__ Following a sale in 1966, she was renamed Pilion.", "SS Possehl __knowledge__ In 1967, she was sold to a Cypriot company and renamed Nigma.", "SS Possehl __knowledge__ Laid up in November 1967 following boiler damage, she was scrapped in 1969.", "SS Possehl __knowledge__ The ship was built in 1921 by Howaldtswerke, Kiel.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ Neuroscience of free will, a part of neurophilosophy, is the study of the interconnections between free will and neuroscience.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ As it has become possible to study the human living brain, researchers have begun to watch decision making processes at work.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ Findings could carry implications for our sense of agency, moral responsibility, and our understanding of consciousness in general.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ One of the pioneering studies in this domain was designed by Benjamin Libet, while other studies have attempted to predict participant actions before they make them.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ The field remains highly controversial.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ There is no consensus among researchers about the significance of findings, their meaning, or what conclusions may be drawn.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Self-consciousness is a heightened sense of self-awareness.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ It is a preoccupation with oneself, as opposed to the philosophical state of self-awareness, which is the awareness that one exists as an individual being, though the two terms are commonly used interchangeably or synonymously.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ An unpleasant feeling of self-consciousness may occur when one realizes that one is being watched or observed, the feeling that \"everyone is looking\" at oneself.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Some people are habitually more self-conscious than others.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Unpleasant feelings of self-consciousness are sometimes associated with shyness or paranoia.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ When feeling self-conscious, one becomes aware of even the smallest of one's own actions.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Such awareness can impair one's ability to perform complex actions.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Adolescence is believed to be a time of heightened self-consciousness.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ A person with a chronic tendency toward self-consciousness may be shy or introverted.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Unlike self-awareness, which in a philosophical context is being conscious of oneself as an individual, self-consciousness, being excessively conscious of one's appearance or manner, can be a problem at times.", "Self-consciousness __knowledge__ Self-consciousness is often associated with shyness and embarrassment, in which case a lack of pride and low self-esteem can result.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Shyness (also called diffidence) is the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness especially when a person is around other people.", "Shyness __knowledge__ This commonly occurs in new situations or with unfamiliar people.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Shyness can be a characteristic of people who have low self-esteem.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Stronger forms of shyness are usually referred to as social anxiety or social phobia.", "Shyness __knowledge__ The primary defining characteristic of shyness is a largely ego-driven fear of what other people will think of a person's behavior.", "Shyness __knowledge__ This results in a person becoming scared of doing or saying what they want to out of fear of negative reactions, being laughed at, humiliated or patronised, criticism or rejection.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Nyala __knowledge__ The lowland nyala or simply nyala (\"Tragelaphus angasii\"), is a spiral-horned antelope native to Southern Africa.", "Nyala __knowledge__ It is a species of the family Bovidae and genus \"Nyala\", also considered to be in the genus \"Tragelaphus\".", "Nyala __knowledge__ It was first described in 1849 by George French Angas.", "Nyala __knowledge__ The body length is , and it weighs .", "Nyala __knowledge__ The coat is rusty or rufous brown in females and juveniles, but grows a dark brown or slate grey, often tinged with blue, in adult males.", "Nyala __knowledge__ Females and young males have ten or more white stripes on their sides.", "Nyala __knowledge__ Only males have horns, long and yellow-tipped.", "Nyala __knowledge__ It exhibits the highest sexual dimorphism among the spiral-horned antelopes.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ LGBT themes in speculative fiction refer to the incorporation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) themes into science fiction, fantasy, horror fiction and related genres.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ Such elements may include an LGBT character as the protagonist or a major character, or explorations of sexuality or gender that deviate from the hetero-normative.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction and fantasy have traditionally been puritanical genres aimed at a male readership, and can be more restricted than non-genre literature by their conventions of characterisation and the effect that these conventions have on depictions of sexuality and gender.", "Shy People __knowledge__ Shy People is a 1987 American drama about two branches of a family that reunite with tragic results, starring Barbara Hershey, Jill Clayburgh, and Martha Plimpton.", "Shy People __knowledge__ It was directed by Andrei Konchalovsky, written by Konchalovsky, Marjorie David and Gerard Brach, and features music by the German electronic music group Tangerine Dream.", "Shy People __knowledge__ Hershey won the Best Actress award at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival for her performance.", "Shy People __knowledge__ It was one of the last movie roles for actor Merritt Butrick, who died from AIDS in 1989.", "Shy People __knowledge__ It was filmed by the bayous of South Louisiana.", "Shy People __knowledge__ The film was later released on VHS on September 1, 1998, however, as of October 2014, it has not been released on DVD.", "Extraversion and introversion __knowledge__ The trait of extraversion–introversion is a central dimension of human personality theories.", "Extraversion and introversion __knowledge__ The terms \"introversion\" and \"extraversion\" were popularized by Carl Jung, although both the popular understanding and psychological usage differ from his original intent.", "Extraversion and introversion __knowledge__ Extraversion tends to be manifested in outgoing, talkative, energetic behavior, whereas introversion is manifested in more reserved and solitary behavior.", "Extraversion and introversion __knowledge__ Virtually all comprehensive models of personality include these concepts in various forms.", "Extraversion and introversion __knowledge__ Examples include the Big Five model, Jung's analytical psychology, Hans Eysenck's three-factor model, Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factors, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator.", "Tangerine Dream __knowledge__ Tangerine Dream is a German electronic music band founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese.", "Tangerine Dream __knowledge__ The group has seen many personnel changes over the years, with Froese being the only continuous member until his death in January 2015.", "Tangerine Dream __knowledge__ The best known line-up of the group was its mid-70s trio of Froese, Christopher Franke, and Peter Baumann.", "Tangerine Dream __knowledge__ In the late 1970s, Johannes Schmoelling replaced Baumann.", "Tangerine Dream __knowledge__ Since Froese's death in 2015, the group has been under the leadership of Thorsten Quaeschning (Froese's chosen successor who joined the group in 2005).", "Tangerine Dream __knowledge__ Tangerine Dream are considered a pioneering act in electronic music.", "Willow Rosenberg __knowledge__ Willow Danielle Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1997–2003).", "Willow Rosenberg __knowledge__ She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.", "Willow Rosenberg __knowledge__ Willow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers, a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale.", "Willow Rosenberg __knowledge__ The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence.", "Willow Rosenberg __knowledge__ She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant if inconsistent.", "Tangerine Dream bootleg recordings __knowledge__ Tangerine Dream bootleg recordings are performances by Tangerine Dream that have attained some level of public circulation without being available as a legal release.", "Tangerine Dream bootleg recordings __knowledge__ The term most often refers to audio recordings, but also includes video performances.", "Tangerine Dream bootleg recordings __knowledge__ Bootleg recordings arise from a multitude of sources, including covertly copied live concerts, studio outtakes, broadcast performances.", "Tangerine Dream bootleg recordings __knowledge__ Some bootlegs have included material from official releases.", "Tangerine Dream bootleg recordings __knowledge__ Tangerine Tree fan-based project releases are not considered bootlegs as they were sanctioned by Tangerine Dream from 2001 until 2006 when permission was rescinded.", "Shy Carter __knowledge__ Shy Carter (born August 21, 1984), is an American songwriter, record producer, and singer.", "Shy Carter __knowledge__ Recently, Shy has written for top acts such as Meghan Trainor, Jason Derulo, Charlie Puth, Faith Hill, Tim McGraw, and Billy Currington.", "Shy Carter __knowledge__ He co-wrote Charlie Puth's two-time platinum hit \"One Call Away\" which hit No.", "Shy Carter __knowledge__ 1 on \"Billboard\"'s Adult Top 40 chart.", "Shy Carter __knowledge__ In 2009, he co-wrote \"Someday\" with Rob Thomas, which spent over 40 weeks in the Top 5 and became a No.", "Shy Carter __knowledge__ 1 hit on \"Billboard\"s Adult Top 40 chart.", "Shy Carter __knowledge__ \"Stuck Like Glue\", his collaboration with Sugarland, debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at No.", "Shy Carter __knowledge__ 20 and became the 11th most downloaded country music song of all time." ] ]

[ 4, 0, 9, 13 ]

[ "Hi! I'm a pretty self-conscious person, what about you? I know it differs between people.", "Yeah me too! I sometimes freeze in public because I'm too self-conscious. ", "Are you shy also? I believe shy people are more likely predisposed to be self-conscious.", "Likewise for me. My shyness is especially worse when I am around people unfamiliar to me." ]

[ "Self-consciousness", "Self-consciousness", "Self-consciousness", "Self-consciousness" ]

[ "Golden Retriever", "I love them too! They are so cuddly, Ive always wanted to get one, are they hard to take care of? ", "Oh cool! I would love to train mine if I had one, How many years do they live? do you know? ", "That seems like a rather short lifespan. Id feel sad to lose it if I had one, but thats life. I never knew they can be used as hunting dogs though. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ PC Francis \"Taffy\" Edwards was known as the 'thin streak of Welsh misery'.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ A quiet country boy who hailed from a poor farming family near Bangor, he sometimes struggled to adapt to city life.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ Edwards was extremely lazy, often thinking up ingenious ways to avoid having to do serious work – but he had an infectious charm and was popular amongst the relief.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ \"Golden Retriever\" is a song by Super Furry Animals.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ It was the first single to be issued from the album \"Phantom Power\" and reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart on its release in July 2003.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ The song is about the relationship between singer Gruff Rhys's girlfriend's two dogs and was written in the same key, with the same guitar tuning and around the same time as several other songs from \"Phantom Power\".", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ Critical reaction to the track was generally positive with many reviewers commenting on its \"catchiness\" and \"glam rock\" style.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ A Jake & Jim directed music video was produced to accompany the song's release as a single featuring the band dressed as yetis.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The Beagle is a breed of small hound that is similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is a scent hound, developed primarily for hunting hare.", "Beagle __knowledge__ With a great sense of smell and superior tracking instinct, the beagle is employed as detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is intelligent but single-minded.", "Beagle __knowledge__ It is a popular pet due to its size, good temper, and lack of inherited health problems.", "Beagle __knowledge__ Although beagle-type dogs have existed for 2,500 years, the modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tweed Water Spaniel, or Tweed Spaniel, is a breed of dog extinct since the 19th century.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ It is best known for being involved in the early development of the modern Curly Coated Retriever and Golden Retriever breeds of dogs.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ They were described as a generally brown athletic dogs from the area around Berwick-upon-Tweed near the River Tweed and close to the Scottish Borders.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ A type of water dog, the breed was not well known outside the local area.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ This breed may have been created by crossing local water dogs with imported St. John's water dog, another breed which is also now extinct.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The village of Norham, Northumberland, just south of the River Tweed was noted as being \"long famous\" for a breed of water spaniel of which were \"invariably brown\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "Sago Mine disaster __knowledge__ The Sago Mine disaster was a coal mine explosion on January 2, 2006, at the Sago Mine in Sago, West Virginia, United States, near the Upshur County seat of Buckhannon.", "Sago Mine disaster __knowledge__ The blast and collapse trapped 13 miners for nearly two days; only one survived.", "Sago Mine disaster __knowledge__ It was the worst mining disaster in the United States since the Jim Walter Resources Mine disaster in Alabama on September 23, 2001, and the worst disaster in West Virginia since the 1968 Farmington Mine disaster.", "Sago Mine disaster __knowledge__ It was exceeded four years later by the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster, also a coal mine explosion in West Virginia, which killed 29 miners in April 2010.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience implies compliance with the direction or command given by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ For a dog to be considered obedient rather than simply trained in obedience, it must respond reliably each time its handler gives a command.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Training a dog in obedience can be an ongoing and lengthy process depending on the dog, the methods used, and the skill and understanding of both the trainer and the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ The level of obedience the handler wishes to achieve with the dog is also a major factor in the time involved, as is the commitment to training by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience training is often a prerequisite for or component of other training.", "Bentley Continental GT __knowledge__ The Bentley Continental GT is a grand tourer produced by the British automaker Bentley Motors since 2003.", "Bentley Continental GT __knowledge__ It was the first car released by Bentley under Volkswagen AG management after the company's acquisition in 1998 and the first ever Bentley to employ mass production manufacturing techniques.", "Bentley Continental GT __knowledge__ In 1994 Rolls-Royce Motors (who at that time owned the Bentley brand) previewed a convertible concept car at the Geneva Motor Show - the Concept Java.", "Bentley Continental GT __knowledge__ The car was designed to be a highly desirable Bentley, but smaller, more affordable, yet still exclusive in order to maintain the integrity of the brand.", "Bloodhound __knowledge__ The Bloodhound is a large scent hound, originally bred for hunting deer, wild boar, and since the Middle Ages for tracking people.", "Bloodhound __knowledge__ Believed to be descended from hounds once kept at the Abbey of Saint-Hubert, Belgium, it is known to French speakers as the \"Chien de Saint-Hubert\".", "Bloodhound __knowledge__ This breed is famed for its ability to discern human scent over great distances, even days later.", "Bloodhound __knowledge__ Its extraordinarily keen sense of smell is combined with a strong and tenacious tracking instinct, producing the ideal scent hound, and it is used by police and law enforcement all over the world to track escaped prisoners, missing people, lost children, and lost pets.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) is a dog breed.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized, solidly-built, intelligent, short-haired dog whose early ancestors came from the British Isles.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ When compared with the English Staffordshire Bull Terrier (another breed within the type commonly called pit bulls), the American Pit Bull Terrier is larger by margins of in height and in weight.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The American Pit Bull Terrier varies in size.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Males normally are about 18-21 inches (45–53 cm) in height and around 35-60 pounds (15–27 kg) in weight.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Females are normally around 17-20 inches (43–50 cm) in height and 30-50 pounds (13–22 kg) in weight.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "4G __knowledge__ 4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G.", "4G __knowledge__ A 4G system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced.", "4G __knowledge__ Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D television.", "4G __knowledge__ The first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard (a 4G candidate system) has been commercially deployed in Oslo, Norway, and Stockholm, Sweden since 2009.", "4G __knowledge__ It has, however, been debated whether first-release versions should be considered 4G, as discussed in the technical understanding section below.", "Obedience trial __knowledge__ An obedience trial is a dog sport in which a dog must perfectly execute a predefined set of tasks when directed to do so by his handler.", "Obedience trial __knowledge__ According to the American Kennel Club (AKC) obedience regulations The basic objective of obedience trials, however, is to recognize dogs that have been trained to behave in the home, in public places, and in the presence of other dogs, in a manner that will reflect credit on the sport of obedience at all times and under all conditions.", "Obedience trial __knowledge__ Training a dog to participate in AKC obedience trials increases a dog's understanding and reliability in responding to commands such as \"sit\", \"down\", \"stay\", \"come\", and \"heel.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Cultural depictions of dogs extend back thousands of years to when dogs were portrayed on the walls of caves.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Representations of dogs in art became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Hunting scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Dogs were depicted to symbolize guidance, protection, loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness, watchfulness, and love.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ As dogs became more domesticated, they were shown as companion animals, often painted sitting on a lady's lap.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Throughout the art history there is an overwhelming presence of dogs as status symbols and pets in painting mainly in the Western art.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Dog training __knowledge__ Dog training is the application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents and consequences to modify the behavior of a dog, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life.", "Dog training __knowledge__ While training dogs for specific roles dates back to Roman times at least, the training of dogs to be compatible household pets developed with suburbanization in the 1950s.", "Dog training __knowledge__ A dog learns from interactions it has with its environment.", "Dog training __knowledge__ This can be through classical conditioning, where it forms an association between two stimuli; non-associative learning, where its behavior is modified through habituation or sensitisation; and operant conditioning, where it forms an association between an antecedent and its consequence.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ The use of dogs in search and rescue (SAR) is a valuable component in wilderness tracking, natural disasters, mass casualty events, and in locating missing people.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ Dedicated handlers and well-trained dogs are required for the use of dogs to be effective in search efforts.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ Search and rescue dogs are typically worked, by a small team on foot.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ Search and rescue dogs detect human scent.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ Although the exact processes are still researched, it may include skin rafts (scent-carrying skin cells that drop off living humans at a rate of about 40,000 cells per minute), evaporated perspiration, respiratory gases, or decomposition gases released by bacterial action on human skin or tissues.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ The Taiwan Dog () is a breed or landrace of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ These dogs are also known as Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog () or Takasago Dog ().", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Notwithstanding these adaptations, Formosans retained the potential to be trained, and are now used as hunting dogs, guard dogs, stunt dogs, rescue dogs, or simply as companions.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Formosans are classified into one medium type and two small types.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ However, now the pureblood Formosan Mountain Dog is edging closer to extinction, due to limited conservation efforts of the Taiwanese and their government.", "St. Bernard (dog) __knowledge__ The St. Bernard or St Bernard ( or ) is a breed of very large working dog from the western Alps in Switzerland, France and Italy.", "St. Bernard (dog) __knowledge__ They were originally bred at the Great and Little St Bernard Pass for rescue.", "St. Bernard (dog) __knowledge__ The breed has become famous through tales of alpine rescues, as well as for its enormous size.", "St. Bernard (dog) __knowledge__ The St. Bernard is a giant dog.", "St. Bernard (dog) __knowledge__ The average weight of the breed is between or more, and the approximate height at the withers is .", "St. Bernard (dog) __knowledge__ The coat can be either smooth or rough; the smooth coat being close and flat while the rough is dense, flat, and more profuse around the neck and legs.", "St. Bernard (dog) __knowledge__ The colour is typically a red shade with white, or a mahogany brindle with white.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white." ] ]

[ 10, 2, 9, 8 ]

[ "Golden retriever's are such friendly, gentle dogs! They're the third most popular breed for families in the US.", "They are very easy to obedience train to basic or even advanced standards! ", "They live 10-12 years. I wish it was longer! They can also be trained to be hunting dogs, or search and rescue dogs.", "Yes, they are also really popular to use as assistance dogs for the blind or deaf." ]

[ "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever" ]

[ "Xbox\nMy friend wants me to bet an Xbox.", "Would you happen to know when the first one was released?", "Oh wow I did not realize the first one came out that long ago. Which Xbox are they on right now?", "Does xbox have any major exclusive titles?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ The Xbox is a home video game console and the first installment in the Xbox series of consoles manufactured by Microsoft.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was released on November 15, 2001 in North America, followed by Australia, Europe and Japan in 2002.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was Microsoft's first foray into the gaming console market.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It is the part of sixth generation console, and competed with Sony's PlayStation 2 and Nintendo's GameCube.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was also the first console produced by an American company since the Atari Jaguar ceased production in 1996.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ Announced in 2000, the Xbox, graphically powerful compared to its rivals, featured a standard PC's 733 MHz Intel Pentium III processor." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Avengers: Age of Ultron __knowledge__ Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Avengers: Age of Ultron __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Avengers: Age of Ultron __knowledge__ The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård, James Spader, and Samuel L. Jackson.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ De Oratore (\"On the Orator\"; not to be confused with \"Orator\") is a dialogue written by Cicero in 55 BCE.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ It is set in 91 BCE, when Lucius Licinius Crassus dies, just before the Social War and the civil war between Marius and Sulla, during which Marcus Antonius Orator, the other great orator of this dialogue, dies.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ During this year, the author faces a difficult political situation: after his return from exile in Dyrrachium (modern Albania), his house was destroyed by the gangs of Clodius in a time when violence was common.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ This was intertwined with the street politics of Rome.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ Amidst the moral and political decadence of the state, Cicero wrote \"De Oratore\" to describe the ideal orator and imagine him as a moral guide of the state.", "A Better Tomorrow (album) __knowledge__ A Better Tomorrow is the sixth studio album by American hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan.", "A Better Tomorrow (album) __knowledge__ The album was released on December 2, 2014, by Warner Bros. Records.", "A Better Tomorrow (album) __knowledge__ The album was supported by the singles \"Keep Watch\", \"Ron O'Neal\" and \"Ruckus in B Minor\".", "A Better Tomorrow (album) __knowledge__ \"A Better Tomorrow\" received generally mixed reviews from music critics.", "A Better Tomorrow (album) __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 29 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 24,386 copies in its first week of release.", "A Better Tomorrow (album) __knowledge__ On June 29, 2011, Raekwon announced that the group were working on a new studio album, still in its early stages, saying: \"It's kind of early to announce a new album right now.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ Floyd Joy Mayweather Jr. (born Floyd Joy Sinclair; February 24, 1977) is an American professional boxing promoter and former professional boxer.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ He competed from 1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2015, and made a one-fight comeback in 2017.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ During his career, he held multiple world titles in five weight classes and the lineal championship in four weight classes (twice at welterweight), and retired with an undefeated record of 50–0, surpassing Rocky Marciano's record of 49–0.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ As an amateur, Mayweather won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1996 Olympics, three U.S. Golden Gloves championships (at light flyweight, flyweight, and featherweight), and the U.S. national championship at featherweight.", "Flint water crisis __knowledge__ The Flint water crisis began in 2014 when the drinking water source for the city of Flint, Michigan was changed to the Flint River.", "Flint water crisis __knowledge__ Due to insufficient water treatment, over 100,000 residents were potentially exposed to high levels of lead in the drinking water.", "Flint water crisis __knowledge__ After a pair of scientific studies proved lead contamination was present in the water supply, a federal state of emergency was declared in January 2016 and Flint residents were instructed to use only bottled or filtered water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and bathing.", "Flint water crisis __knowledge__ As of early 2017, the water quality had returned to acceptable levels; however, residents were instructed to continue to use bottled or filtered water until all the lead pipes have been replaced, which is expected to be completed no sooner than 2020.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ Guardians of the Galaxy Vol.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2014's \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ The film is written and directed by James Gunn and stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt Russell.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 game console, developed by Microsoft, features a number of first-party and third-party accessories.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ Up to four controllers are able to connect to Xbox 360, including wired and wireless gamepads.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wireless controllers run on either AA batteries (Alkaline or rechargeable) or on a rechargeable battery pack.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wired controllers may be connected to any of the USB ports on the console (the number of ports depends on model: old-style 360s have two at the front and one on the rear, while Xbox 360 S units have two at the front and three at the rear), or to a USB hub.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ USB keyboards are also supported, but only for inputting text and navigating the dashboard; additionally, the number pad and hotkeys are non-functional.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ The Xbox is a home video game console and the first installment in the Xbox series of consoles manufactured by Microsoft.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was released on November 15, 2001 in North America, followed by Australia, Europe and Japan in 2002.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was Microsoft's first foray into the gaming console market.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It is the part of sixth generation console, and competed with Sony's PlayStation 2 and Nintendo's GameCube.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was also the first console produced by an American company since the Atari Jaguar ceased production in 1996.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ Announced in 2000, the Xbox, graphically powerful compared to its rivals, featured a standard PC's 733 MHz Intel Pentium III processor.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2017 __knowledge__ The Electronic Entertainment Expo 2017, commonly known as E3 2017, was the 23rd Electronic Entertainment Expo, during which hardware manufacturers and software developers and publishers from the video game industry presented new and upcoming products to the attendees, primarily retailers and members of the video game press.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2017 __knowledge__ The event, organized by the Entertainment Software Association (ESA), took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center from June 13–15, 2017.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2017 __knowledge__ It was the first E3 to allow public access to the event, and as a result, the total attendance was about 68,400 which included 15,000 in public passes.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 __knowledge__ The Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010, commonly known as E3 2010, was the 16th Electronic Entertainment Expo held.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 __knowledge__ The event took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 __knowledge__ It began on June 14, 2010, and ended on June 17, 2010, with 45,600 total attendees.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 __knowledge__ There was also an E3 event held in Sony's PlayStation Home.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 __knowledge__ E3 2010 was held at the Los Angeles Convention Center with the show occupying the South and West Halls as well as the first floor.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 __knowledge__ Sony Computer Entertainment and Nintendo had booths that were directly opposite of each other.", "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 __knowledge__ Other notable developers and publishers located on this floor were Atlus, Atari, Bethesda, Sony Online Entertainment, and Capcom.", "Development of Duke Nukem Forever __knowledge__ The video game \"Duke Nukem Forever\" spent fifteen years in development, from 1996 to 2011.", "Development of Duke Nukem Forever __knowledge__ It is a first-person shooter for PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, developed by 3D Realms, Triptych Games, Gearbox Software and Piranha Games.", "Development of Duke Nukem Forever __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the 1996 game \"Duke Nukem 3D\", as part of the long-running \"Duke Nukem\" video game series.", "Development of Duke Nukem Forever __knowledge__ Intended to be groundbreaking, \"Duke Nukem Forever\" has become infamous in the video games industry and was considered vaporware due to its severely protracted development schedule; the game had been in development under 3D Realms since 1996.", "Development of Duke Nukem Forever __knowledge__ Director George Broussard, one of the creators of the original \"Duke Nukem\" game, first announced the title's development in April 1997, and promotional information for the game was released in one form or another from 1997 until its release in 2011.", "History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo __knowledge__ This is a history of the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3).", "History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo __knowledge__ Though it was only the first year for E3, the show proved to be the premier event for gaming in the US.", "History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo __knowledge__ The expo received 50,000 attendees.", "History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo __knowledge__ The event continued to grow and become a common place for the unveiling of new products.", "History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo __knowledge__ Attendance was 57,000, and 467 companies showed approximately 1,700 software titles, a 35 percent increase over the 1995 lineup.", "History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo __knowledge__ In 1997, E3 was held in Atlanta, Georgia, where some of what would become the most popular first-person shooter games were unveiled.", "History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo __knowledge__ It received 40,000 attendees.", "History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo __knowledge__ One of the world's first offline esports competitions, the Red Annihilation \"Quake\" tournament was held at E3 1997.", "Video game industry __knowledge__ The video game industry is the economic sector involved in the development, marketing, and monetization of video games.", "Video game industry __knowledge__ It encompasses dozens of job disciplines and its component parts employ thousands of people worldwide.", "Video game industry __knowledge__ The computer and video game industry has grown from focused markets to mainstream.", "Video game industry __knowledge__ They took in about US$9.5 billion in the US in 2007, 11.7 billion in 2008, and 25.1 billion in 2010 (ESA annual report).", "Video game industry __knowledge__ Modern personal computers owe many advancements and innovations to the game industry: sound cards, graphics cards and 3D graphic accelerators, faster CPUs, and dedicated co-processors like PhysX are a few of the more notable improvements." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ In the history of video games, the seventh generation includes consoles released since late by Nintendo, Microsoft, and Sony Computer Entertainment.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ The eighth generation began in November 2012.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ For home consoles, the seventh generation began on November 22, 2005 with the release of Microsoft's Xbox 360 and continued with the release of Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation 3 on November 17, 2006, and Nintendo's Wii on November 19, 2006.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ Each new console introduced a new type of breakthrough in technology.", "Seventh generation of video game consoles __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 offered games rendered natively at high-definition video (HD) resolutions, the PlayStation 3 offered HD movie playback via a built-in 3D Blu-ray Disc player, and the Wii focused on integrating controllers with movement sensors as well as joysticks.", "Console exclusivity __knowledge__ Console exclusivity refers to the status of a video game being released on only one video game console.", "Console exclusivity __knowledge__ Console exclusivity is a topic used in discussions of the advantages and disadvantages of rival firms in the video game market, and one which is used for marketing by firms involved.", "Console exclusivity __knowledge__ Industry analysts generally agree that there is a correlation between availability of exclusive titles, and hardware sales.", "Console exclusivity __knowledge__ Major firms have purchased smaller businesses in order to secure software titles for themselves.", "Console exclusivity __knowledge__ Exclusivity is also occasionally used in software released across multiple platforms, in order to add a unique element into each different version.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006, in North America, and March 23, 2007, in Europe and Australia.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ The PlayStation 3 mainly competes against consoles such as Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006.", "PlayStation 3 __knowledge__ It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ The Xbox One system software, sometimes called the Xbox OS, is the operating system for the eighth-generation home video game console, Xbox One.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ It is a Windows-based operating system using the Hyper-V virtual machine monitor and contains separate operating systems for games and applications that can run on the console.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ It is located on the internal HDD for day-to-day usage, while also being duplicated on the internal NAND storage of the console for recovery purposes and factory reset functionality.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ The Xbox One allows users to download applications that add to the functionality of the dashboard.", "List of backward compatible games for Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One gaming console has received updates from Microsoft since its launch in 2013 that enable it to play select games from its two predecessor consoles, Xbox and Xbox 360.", "List of backward compatible games for Xbox One __knowledge__ On June 15, 2015, backward compatibility with supported Xbox 360 games became available to eligible Xbox Preview program users with a beta update to the Xbox One system software.", "List of backward compatible games for Xbox One __knowledge__ The dashboard update containing backward compatibility was released publicly on November 12, 2015.", "List of backward compatible games for Xbox One __knowledge__ On October 24, 2017, another such update added games from the original Xbox library.", "List of backward compatible games for Xbox One __knowledge__ The following is a list of all backward compatible games on Xbox One under this functionality." ] ]

[ 1, 46, 8, 17 ]

[ "Xbox is pretty cool. It's a gaming cystem created by Microsoft.", "I sure would! It was released and unveiled on May 12 2005 at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Currently it's the xbox one which was released in May of 2013.", "Yes, games like Halo have console exclusivity which means it's only released on one console." ]

[ "Xbox", "Xbox", "Xbox", "Xbox" ]

[ "Baseball\nHi! Do you like baseball?", "Instead of offense we say at bat. Each team has a hitter. The ultimate goal is to have the hitter go around the bases and back to home plate. That makes it a home run.", "Yes. Some people say that it is based on Cricket from the UK. Do you have a favorite baseball team?", "My favorite team is the Orioles because their name sounds similar to my favorite cookie, Oreos. I don't like the Marvel movies. They are too formulaic. Have you played baseball as a child?", "That's great! I remember playing teeball as a child. I stopped playing because once I got older I realized Saturday mornings were for Power Rangers, not sports." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each who take turns batting and fielding.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The batting team attempts to score runs by hitting a ball (that is thrown by the opposing team's pitcher) with a bat swung by the batter, and then running counter-clockwise around a series of four bases: first, second, third, and home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A run is scored when a player advances around the bases and touches home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A player on the batting team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates' turns batting, such as on a hit or by other means.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs.", "Baseball __knowledge__ One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the visiting team, constitutes an inning.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins.", "Baseball __knowledge__ If scores are tied at the end of nine innings, extra innings are usually played.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball has no game clock, although most games end in the ninth inning.", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ The question of the origins of baseball has been the subject of debate and controversy for more than a century.", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ Baseball and the other modern bat, ball and running games, cricket and rounders, were developed from folk games in early Britain and Continental Europe (such as France and Germany).", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ Early forms of baseball had a number of names, including \"base ball\", \"goal ball\", \"round ball\", \"fetch-catch\", \"stool ball\", and, simply, \"base\".", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ In at least one version of the game, teams pitched to themselves, runners went around the bases in the opposite direction of today's game, and players could be put out by being hit with the ball.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ V-Drums is a variety of electronic drums, drum brain modules, and related electronic percussion product manufactured and trademarked by Roland Corporation.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ The primary V-Drums products are complete electronic drum kits.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ These vary in price and complexity, ranging from a few hundred dollars to approximately US$7,499 (MAP-Minimum Advertised Price).", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ Components such as additional pads, cymbal pads, triggers, mounting hardware, and modules are also sold individually to augment an existing kit.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ Like most electronic drum modules, V-Drums drum modules are MIDI-capable.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ This enables the player to use a V-Drums kit to control not only the kit itself, but other MIDI-capable instruments, such as digital samplers.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Sports in Japan are a significant part of Japanese culture.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Both traditional sports such as sumo and martial arts, and Western imports like baseball and association football, are popular with both participants and spectators.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Sumo wrestling is considered Japan's national sport.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Baseball was introduced to the country by visiting Americans in the 19th century.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ The Nippon Professional Baseball league is Japan's largest professional sports competition in terms of television ratings and spectators.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Martial arts such as judo, karate and modern kendō are also widely practiced and enjoyed by spectators in the country.", "American Bicycle Association __knowledge__ The American Bicycle Association (ABA) is a US-based BMX sports governing body in Gilbert, Arizona created by Merl Mennenga and Gene Roden in 1977.", "American Bicycle Association __knowledge__ It is the largest sanctioning body in the United States concerning BMX.", "American Bicycle Association __knowledge__ It has tracks in Canada and Mexico as well as in the USA.", "American Bicycle Association __knowledge__ It was and is known for its efficiency in running events known as Nationals, where BMX racers from around the country race in competition for points and in the case of Professionals, money, to determine who will earn the right to run a National No.", "American Bicycle Association __knowledge__ \"1\" plate in the several divisions the following year.", "American Bicycle Association __knowledge__ The other leading sanctioning body, the National Bicycle League (NBL) also holds Nationals as do several smaller regional governing bodies.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Baseball and cricket are the best-known members of a family of related bat-and-ball games.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Despite their similarities, the two sports also have many differences in play and in strategy.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ A comparison between baseball and cricket can be instructive to followers of either sport, since the similarities help to highlight nuances particular to each game.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Bat-and-ball games, in general, are sports in which one team (the fielding team) has possession of the ball and delivers it to a member of the other team (the batting team), who tries to hit it.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ The two opposing teams take turns playing these two distinct roles, which are continuous during a specified interval.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ Bradley David Ausmus (; born April 14, 1969) is an American special assistant to the general manager of the Los Angeles Angels, and former catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB).", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He played for the San Diego Padres, Detroit Tigers, Houston Astros, and Los Angeles Dodgers.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He also was the manager for the Tigers and the Israel national baseball team.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ A 1987 draft pick of the New York Yankees, he chose to alternate between attending Dartmouth College and playing minor league baseball.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He then had an 18-year major league playing career with the San Diego Padres, Detroit Tigers, Houston Astros, and Los Angeles Dodgers.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each who take turns batting and fielding.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The batting team attempts to score runs by hitting a ball (that is thrown by the opposing team's pitcher) with a bat swung by the batter, and then running counter-clockwise around a series of four bases: first, second, third, and home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A run is scored when a player advances around the bases and touches home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A player on the batting team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates' turns batting, such as on a hit or by other means.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs.", "Baseball __knowledge__ One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the visiting team, constitutes an inning.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins.", "Baseball __knowledge__ If scores are tied at the end of nine innings, extra innings are usually played.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball has no game clock, although most games end in the ninth inning.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ The rules of baseball differ slightly from league to league, but in general share the same basic game play.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ There are several major rules, which differ only slightly.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ The \"Official Baseball Rules\" govern all professional play in the United States and Canada, including the World Baseball Classic.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ The complete rules are published as the Official Baseball Rules at MLB.com, the official web site of Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ The rules are also published in book form in North America by the \"Sporting News\".", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ Many amateur and youth leagues use the \"OBR\" with only a few modifications for safety.", "Softball __knowledge__ Softball is a variant of baseball played with a larger ball on a smaller field.", "Softball __knowledge__ It was invented in 1887 in Chicago, Illinois, United States as an indoor game.", "Softball __knowledge__ It was at various times called indoor baseball, mush ball, playground, softball, kitten ball, and because it was also played by women, ladies' baseball.", "Softball __knowledge__ The name \"softball\" was given to the game in 1926, because the ball used to be soft.", "Softball __knowledge__ A tournament held in 1933 at the Chicago World's Fair spurred interest in the game.", "Softball __knowledge__ The Amateur Softball Association (ASA) of America (founded 1933) governs the game in the United States and sponsors annual sectional and World Series championships.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The 2017 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' 13th season as the baseball franchise of Major League Baseball in the District of Columbia, the 10th season at Nationals Park, and the 49th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ They won the National League East division title for the fourth time in six years but were defeated by the Chicago Cubs in the Division Series.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The Washington Nationals announced in October 2016 that their entire coaching staff would return for the 2017 season, led by manager Dusty Baker.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The team lost several players to free agency after the 2016 season, including right-handed relief pitcher Matt Belisle, left-handed reliever Sean Burnett, infielder Stephen Drew, outfielder Chris Heisey, right-handed pitcher Mat Latos, closer Mark Melancon, catcher Wilson Ramos, and left-handed reliever Marc Rzepczynski.", "2009 Florida Gators softball team __knowledge__ The 2009 Florida Gators softball team represented the University of Florida softball program for the 2009 NCAA softball season.", "2009 Florida Gators softball team __knowledge__ The Gators compiled an overall record of 63-5 and completed its SEC regular season with a record of 26-1.", "2009 Florida Gators softball team __knowledge__ They finished second in the nation after losing to the Washington Huskies in the WCWS Championship Series.", "2009 Florida Gators softball team __knowledge__ The 2009 team broke the SEC single-season home runs record (86) and several school records including grand slams in a season (12), total shutouts (39), and consecutive shutouts (11).", "2009 Florida Gators softball team __knowledge__ Aja Paculba set the single season stolen base record (27), Francesca Enea broke the career home run record (41), and the Florida pitching staff threw three no-hitters in the regular season (Stephanie Brombacher vs. Coastal Carolina and Stacey Nelson vs. Ole Miss and Arkansas).", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Baseball and cricket are the best-known members of a family of related bat-and-ball games.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Despite their similarities, the two sports also have many differences in play and in strategy.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ A comparison between baseball and cricket can be instructive to followers of either sport, since the similarities help to highlight nuances particular to each game.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Bat-and-ball games, in general, are sports in which one team (the fielding team) has possession of the ball and delivers it to a member of the other team (the batting team), who tries to hit it.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ The two opposing teams take turns playing these two distinct roles, which are continuous during a specified interval.", "Yadier Molina __knowledge__ Yadier Benjamin Molina (; born July 13, 1982), nicknamed \"Yadi\", is a Puerto Rican professional baseball catcher for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).", "Yadier Molina __knowledge__ He has played his entire MLB career with the St. Louis Cardinals since making his debut in 2004, and made four appearances for the Puerto Rican national team in the World Baseball Classic (WBC).", "Yadier Molina __knowledge__ Widely considered one of the greatest defensive catchers of all time, he is a two-time World Series champion and four-time National League pennant winner with the Cardinals, and a two-time silver medalist with Puerto Rico.", "Yadier Molina __knowledge__ Molina bats and throws right-handed, stands tall, and weighs .", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ The question of the origins of baseball has been the subject of debate and controversy for more than a century.", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ Baseball and the other modern bat, ball and running games, cricket and rounders, were developed from folk games in early Britain and Continental Europe (such as France and Germany).", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ Early forms of baseball had a number of names, including \"base ball\", \"goal ball\", \"round ball\", \"fetch-catch\", \"stool ball\", and, simply, \"base\".", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ In at least one version of the game, teams pitched to themselves, runners went around the bases in the opposite direction of today's game, and players could be put out by being hit with the ball.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ Bradley David Ausmus (; born April 14, 1969) is an American special assistant to the general manager of the Los Angeles Angels, and former catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB).", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He played for the San Diego Padres, Detroit Tigers, Houston Astros, and Los Angeles Dodgers.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He also was the manager for the Tigers and the Israel national baseball team.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ A 1987 draft pick of the New York Yankees, he chose to alternate between attending Dartmouth College and playing minor league baseball.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He then had an 18-year major league playing career with the San Diego Padres, Detroit Tigers, Houston Astros, and Los Angeles Dodgers.", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ Major League Baseball on NBC is the de facto branding for weekly broadcasts of Major League Baseball (MLB) games produced by NBC Sports, and televised on the NBC television network.", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ Major League Baseball games first aired on the network from to , when CBS acquired the broadcast television rights; games returned to the network in with coverage lasting until .", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ There have been several variations of the program dating back to the 1940s, including \"The NBC Game of the Week\" and \"Baseball Night in America\".", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ From 1947 to 1956 and again in 1965, NBC only aired the All-Star Game (beginning in 1950) and World Series.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Sports in Japan are a significant part of Japanese culture.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Both traditional sports such as sumo and martial arts, and Western imports like baseball and association football, are popular with both participants and spectators.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Sumo wrestling is considered Japan's national sport.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Baseball was introduced to the country by visiting Americans in the 19th century.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ The Nippon Professional Baseball league is Japan's largest professional sports competition in terms of television ratings and spectators.", "Sport in Japan __knowledge__ Martial arts such as judo, karate and modern kendō are also widely practiced and enjoyed by spectators in the country.", "Adam Dunn __knowledge__ Adam Troy Dunn (born November 9, 1979), nicknamed \"Big Donkey\", is an American former professional baseball left fielder and first baseman.", "Adam Dunn __knowledge__ He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds, Arizona Diamondbacks, Washington Nationals, Chicago White Sox, and Oakland Athletics.", "Adam Dunn __knowledge__ He is a two-time MLB All-Star.", "Adam Dunn __knowledge__ Dunn batted left-handed and threw right-handed.", "Adam Dunn __knowledge__ He is in height and weighs .", "Adam Dunn __knowledge__ He is tied for most opening day home runs at 8 with Frank Robinson and Ken Griffey, Jr., and on August 18, 2012, he became the 50th MLB player to hit 400 career home runs.", "Adam Dunn __knowledge__ He also ranked third on the all-time strikeout list at the time of his retirement, with 2,379, and fourth for the most Golden sombreros (at least four strikeouts in a game) at 19, tied with Bo Jackson." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each who take turns batting and fielding.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The batting team attempts to score runs by hitting a ball (that is thrown by the opposing team's pitcher) with a bat swung by the batter, and then running counter-clockwise around a series of four bases: first, second, third, and home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A run is scored when a player advances around the bases and touches home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A player on the batting team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates' turns batting, such as on a hit or by other means.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs.", "Baseball __knowledge__ One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the visiting team, constitutes an inning.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins.", "Baseball __knowledge__ If scores are tied at the end of nine innings, extra innings are usually played.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball has no game clock, although most games end in the ninth inning.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Mike and the Mad Dog was an afternoon drive sports radio program based out of WFAN in New York City hosted by Mike Francesa and Christopher \"Mad Dog\" Russo.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Airing from 1989 to 2008, the show featured Francesa and Russo talking sports and taking phone calls from listeners.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ From 2002 onwards, the show was simulcast on television on the YES Network.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ On the radio, the show was simulcast beginning 2007 on WQYK in Tampa, Florida and from 2004 until 2007 on WROW in Albany, New York.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Before Francesa and Russo were paired, Russo was an overnight/weekend and fill-in host.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ He caught the attention of Don Imus, who was impressed with his vibrant personality and brought Russo onto the \"Imus in the Morning\" show as its sports reporter.", "Alex Rodriguez __knowledge__ Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez (born July 27, 1975), nicknamed \"A-Rod\", is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman.", "Alex Rodriguez __knowledge__ He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Texas Rangers, and New York Yankees.", "Alex Rodriguez __knowledge__ Rodriguez was one of the sport's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time.", "Alex Rodriguez __knowledge__ Rodriguez amassed a .297 batting average, 696 home runs, over 2,000 runs batted in (RBI), over 2,000 runs scored, and over 3,000 hits.", "Alex Rodriguez __knowledge__ He is a 14-time All-Star and won three American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards, ten Silver Slugger Awards, and two Gold Glove Awards.", "Julien Fountain __knowledge__ Julien Fountain (born 1970 in Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex) is an English professional cricket coach and former Great Britain Olympic Baseball player.", "Julien Fountain __knowledge__ He is known primarily as a \"Specialist Fielding Coach\" but has also performed the role of \"Head Coach\" & \"Assistant Coach\".", "Julien Fountain __knowledge__ He has featured on the coaching staffs of the West Indies, Pakistan, Bangladesh & England and has coached at 36 Test Matches, 106 ODI's and 28 T20 Internationals.", "Julien Fountain __knowledge__ This includes two ICC Fifty Over World Cups & one ICC T20 World Cup, one Asia Cup & one Champions Trophy.", "Julien Fountain __knowledge__ He has also coached at a wide variety of domestic or franchise fixtures.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ While much has been written about baseball in the United States, it was often played in numerous other countries.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ Today, baseball is a popular sport around the world.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ The International Baseball Federation (IBF) was founded in 1938, after the inaugural Baseball World Cup held in London.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ About 5 years later, the name of the federation was changed to \"Federacion Internacional de Beisbol Amateur\" (FIBA).", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ In 1973, struggles in the FIBA led to a dissident organisation, the \"Federacion Mundial de Beisbol Amateur\" (FEMBA), which organised its own World Championships.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ The two organisations were reconciled in 1976, forming the \"International Baseball Association\" (AINBA).", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: An agent who tells Mr Tawny he can make a great singer out of him.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Though his voice is terrible, people will want to see a singing tiger.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Billy tells him not to be forced into something he does not want, and when Hooey tries to stop him he transforms and tries to throw him out.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ But Hal flatters Tawny, making him sign the contract.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Cap criticises him, Hal claims he is jealous.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ A Gala party is arranged to celebrate this next day, but Hal drops the invitation to Captain Marvel into the bin as he wants their friendship to break up.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Baseball and cricket are the best-known members of a family of related bat-and-ball games.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Despite their similarities, the two sports also have many differences in play and in strategy.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ A comparison between baseball and cricket can be instructive to followers of either sport, since the similarities help to highlight nuances particular to each game.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Bat-and-ball games, in general, are sports in which one team (the fielding team) has possession of the ball and delivers it to a member of the other team (the batting team), who tries to hit it.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ The two opposing teams take turns playing these two distinct roles, which are continuous during a specified interval.", "Shaq–Kobe feud __knowledge__ The \"Shaq–Kobe feud\" (or \"Kobe–Shaq feud\") was the conflict between National Basketball Association (NBA) players Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, who played together on the Los Angeles Lakers team from 1996 to 2004.", "Shaq–Kobe feud __knowledge__ The two were able to win three consecutive NBA Championships (2000, 2001, 2002) and make an NBA Finals appearance in 2004.", "Shaq–Kobe feud __knowledge__ O'Neal was the NBA Finals MVP in each of their victories.", "Shaq–Kobe feud __knowledge__ Personal differences and arguments over their respective roles on the Lakers were followed by a trade that sent O'Neal to the Miami Heat while Bryant was re-signed as a free agent by the Lakers.", "Shaq–Kobe feud __knowledge__ Lakers head coach Phil Jackson would later write a book entitled \"\", reflecting on the troubles Bryant and O'Neal had during their last season together.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "Oceana (band) __knowledge__ Oceana is an American rock band from St. Petersburg, Florida.", "Oceana (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 2007 and beginning with a post-hardcore sound, they were signed to Rise Records released their debut album titled \"The Tide\" on March 4, 2008, followed by the album Birth.Eater on May 19, 2009.", "Oceana (band) __knowledge__ They debuted a lighter indie rock sound with their EP \"Clean Head\" released on May 11, 2010.", "Oceana (band) __knowledge__ While recording their third album, \"One Big Particular Loop\", in 2012, they reinvented themselves under the name Polyenso.", "Oceana (band) __knowledge__ The original members of Oceana had previously been in other bands in the Tampa - St. Petersburg area such as Noreen, and Aissur Ahtom.", "List of Hetalia: Axis Powers characters __knowledge__ The characters of (often shortened to just Hetalia) are Japanese manga/anime personifications of various nations, countries and micronations.", "List of Hetalia: Axis Powers characters __knowledge__ The personalities of each individual character are based upon stereotypes of the nations, countries and micronations depicted.", "List of Hetalia: Axis Powers characters __knowledge__ The characters were created by Hidekaz Himaruya, writer and illustrator of the webmanga series.", "List of Hetalia: Axis Powers characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of all his official characters and additional information about them.", "List of Hetalia: Axis Powers characters __knowledge__ The Axis Powers group of characters consists primarily of Germany, Italy, and Japan (the Axis Powers of World War Two), who are also the protagonists of the series.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Specimens of Middle Cornish texts are given here in Cornish and English.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Both texts have been dated within the period 1370-1410 and the \"Charter Fragment\" is given in two Cornish orthographies.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ (Earlier examples of written Cornish exist but these are the first in continuous prose or verse.)", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ It was not until the reign of Athelstan that the Cornish kings became subject to the rulers of Wessex: even so the border was established irrevocably on the east bank on the Tamar and in ecclesiastical matters Cornwall was added to the territory of the Bishops of Sherborne.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Under Canute it ceased to be subject to the King of England and only later, at an unknown date in Edward the Confessor's reign was annexed again.", "The Runners __knowledge__ The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew \"Dru Brett\" Harr and Jermaine \"Mayne Zayne\" Jackson.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They came together to form the team in 2000, but they have known each other since they were in kindergarten.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They both have been influenced their entire lives by producers Timbaland and The Neptunes.", "The Runners __knowledge__ Their trademark is an exhale sound effect ringing \"Ahhh\" at the beginning of their songs.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They are best known for producing the hit singles \"Go Hard\" and \"Hustlin'\", by rappers DJ Khaled and Rick Ross respectively.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole Kevin Cossom Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Trip Lee, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Justin Bieber, Fabolous and Usher." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each who take turns batting and fielding.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The batting team attempts to score runs by hitting a ball (that is thrown by the opposing team's pitcher) with a bat swung by the batter, and then running counter-clockwise around a series of four bases: first, second, third, and home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A run is scored when a player advances around the bases and touches home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A player on the batting team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates' turns batting, such as on a hit or by other means.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs.", "Baseball __knowledge__ One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the visiting team, constitutes an inning.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins.", "Baseball __knowledge__ If scores are tied at the end of nine innings, extra innings are usually played.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball has no game clock, although most games end in the ninth inning.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Oreo __knowledge__ Oreo () is a commercial brand of cookie usually consisting of two chocolate wafers with a sweet creme filling in between, and (as of 1974) are marketed as \"Chocolate Sandwich Cookies\" on the package.", "Oreo __knowledge__ The version currently sold in the United States is made by the Nabisco division of Mondelēz International.", "Oreo __knowledge__ Oreo has become the best-selling cookie in the United States since its introduction in 1912.", "Oreo __knowledge__ The origin of the name Oreo is unknown, but there are many hypotheses, including derivations from the French word 'Or', meaning gold (as early packaging was gold), or the Greek word \"Ωραίο\" (/ɔ.ˈɾɛ.ɔ/), meaning tasty, beautiful, nice or well done.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League East division.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ As one of the AL's original eight charter franchises when the league was established in 1901, this particular franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis, Missouri to become the St. Louis Browns.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ After 52 often-beleaguered years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by a syndicate of Baltimore business and civic interests led by attorney/civic activist Clarence Miles and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Baltimore Orioles (nicknamed The O's and The Birds) are a Major League Baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ They are in the Eastern Division of the American League.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ They are owned by attorney Peter Angelos.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The modern Orioles franchise can trace its roots back to the original Milwaukee Brewers of the minor Western League, beginning in 1894 when the league reorganized.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Brewers were there when the WL renamed itself the American League in 1900.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ At the end of the 1900 season, the American League removed itself from baseball's National Agreement (the formal understanding between the NL and the minor leagues).", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Black Panther (film) __knowledge__ Black Panther is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Black Panther (film) __knowledge__ It is the eighteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Black Panther (film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Ryan Coogler from a screenplay by him and Joe Robert Cole, and stars Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther, alongside Michael B. Jordan, Lupita Nyong'o, Danai Gurira, Martin Freeman, Daniel Kaluuya, Letitia Wright, Winston Duke, Angela Bassett, Forest Whitaker, and Andy Serkis.", "Black Panther (film) __knowledge__ In \"Black Panther\", T'Challa returns home as king of Wakanda but finds his sovereignty challenged by a long-time adversary in a conflict that has global consequences.", "Marvel Comics __knowledge__ Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc., formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, a publisher of American comic books and related media.", "Marvel Comics __knowledge__ In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwide's parent company.", "Marvel Comics __knowledge__ Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s, had generally become known as Atlas Comics.", "Marvel Comics __knowledge__ The Marvel branding began 1961, the year that the company launched \"The Fantastic Four\" and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko, and many others.", "Marvel Comics __knowledge__ Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Wolverine, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, Captain America and Daredevil, including such teams as the Avengers, the X-Men, the Guardians of the Galaxy, and the Fantastic Four, and antagonists such as Venom, Doctor Doom, the Red Skull, the Green Goblin, Thanos, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Magneto, Kang the Conqueror, Mystique, and Loki.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball franchise based in the Atlanta metropolitan area.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ The franchise competes in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ The Braves played home games at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996, and Turner Field from 1997 to 2016.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ Since 2017, their home stadium has been SunTrust Park, a new stadium 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta in the Cumberland neighborhood of Cobb County.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ The Braves play spring training games in Lake Buena Vista, Florida.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ In January 2017, the Braves announced a formal agreement to move their spring training home to North Port, Florida.", "Atlanta Braves minor league players __knowledge__ Below are the rosters of the minor league affiliates of the Atlanta Braves: Braxton Cain Thomas Davidson (born June 18, 1996) is a baseball outfielder.", "Atlanta Braves minor league players __knowledge__ He was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the first round of the 2014 Major League Baseball Draft.", "Atlanta Braves minor league players __knowledge__ He attended T. C. Roberson High School in Asheville, North Carolina.", "Atlanta Braves minor league players __knowledge__ Davidson spent the 2015 season with the Class A Rome Braves, where he hit ten home runs in 125 games, with a .242 batting average, a .381 on base percentage, and a .374 slugging percentage.", "Atlanta Braves minor league players __knowledge__ After spending time in major league spring training, Davidson was assigned to the Carolina Mudcats to start 2016.", "SunTrust Park __knowledge__ SunTrust Park is a baseball park located in the Atlanta metropolitan area 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta in the Cumberland neighborhood of Cobb County.", "SunTrust Park __knowledge__ It is the home ballpark for the Atlanta Braves, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise.", "SunTrust Park __knowledge__ On November 11, 2013, the Braves announced that the franchise would leave Turner Field for a new park after the 2016 season.", "SunTrust Park __knowledge__ The Braves have played their home games at SunTrust Park since April 2017.", "SunTrust Park __knowledge__ The new stadium was constructed in a public–private partnership with a project budget of $622 million.", "SunTrust Park __knowledge__ Cobb-Marietta Coliseum & Exhibit Hall Authority issued up to $397 million in bonds for the project.", "Hank Aaron __knowledge__ Henry Louis Aaron (born February 5, 1934), nicknamed \"Hammer\" or \"Hammerin' Hank\", is a retired American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder who is currently the senior vice president of the Atlanta Braves.", "Hank Aaron __knowledge__ He played 21 seasons for the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves in the National League (NL) and two seasons for the Milwaukee Brewers in the American League (AL), from 1954 through 1976.", "Hank Aaron __knowledge__ Aaron held the MLB record for career home runs for 33 years, and he still holds several MLB offensive records.", "Hank Aaron __knowledge__ He hit 24 or more home runs every year from 1955 through 1973, and is one of only two players to hit 30 or more home runs in a season at least fifteen times.", "Chipper Jones __knowledge__ Larry Wayne \"Chipper\" Jones Jr. (born April 24, 1972) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player.", "Chipper Jones __knowledge__ Jones was the Atlanta Braves' number one overall pick in the 1990 MLB draft and their primary third baseman from 1995 to 2012.", "Chipper Jones __knowledge__ An eight-time All-Star, Jones won the 1999 National League (NL) Most Valuable Player Award and the 1999 and 2000 NL Silver Slugger Award for third basemen.", "Chipper Jones __knowledge__ He was the MLB batting champion in 2008 after hitting .364.", "Chipper Jones __knowledge__ Jones ended his career in 2012 with a .303 career batting average, 468 home runs, and 1,623 RBI.", "Chipper Jones __knowledge__ He has the most career RBI for a third baseman and holds the Braves team record for career on-base percentage (.402); Jones ranks third on the Braves career home run list.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ The first Sabre was a former knife thrower named Paul Richarde until he was selected by Modred to oppose Black Knight.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ Paul Richarde was given an armor, an animated gargoyle.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ and Mordred's Ebony Dagger (the weapon with which Mordred had killed the first Black Knight).", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ He was defeated by Black Knight after his horse Aragorn kicked the dagger from Le Sabre's hand.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ The second Sabre is a mutant super villain.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ His first appearance was in \"X-Men\" #106.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ Young and reckless, Sabre was chosen by Mystique to join her new Brotherhood of Mutants, though never actually participated in any missions.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ He had the mutant ability of super speed, and took the name of the deceased Super Sabre.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Baal was the leader of the Sandstormers, who found Apocalypse as a baby and raised him.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ The character, created by Terry Kavanagh and Adam Pollina first appeared in \"The Rise of Apocalypse\" #1 (October 1996).", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Baal is the leader of the Sandstormers, raiders and scavengers in ancient Egypt who lived by the dogma of survival of the fittest.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ When Kang the Conqueror went back in time in his spaceship, the Sphinx, and crash landed, he was found by the Sandstormers.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Inside, Baal and his people found a wounded Kang, and nursed him back to health.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ When Kang recovered, he ran away and became pharaoh of Egypt as Rama Tut." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each who take turns batting and fielding.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The batting team attempts to score runs by hitting a ball (that is thrown by the opposing team's pitcher) with a bat swung by the batter, and then running counter-clockwise around a series of four bases: first, second, third, and home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A run is scored when a player advances around the bases and touches home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A player on the batting team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates' turns batting, such as on a hit or by other means.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs.", "Baseball __knowledge__ One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the visiting team, constitutes an inning.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins.", "Baseball __knowledge__ If scores are tied at the end of nine innings, extra innings are usually played.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball has no game clock, although most games end in the ninth inning.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\" is the 2006 season of Power Rangers which tells the story of the fight between the Mystic Rangers and the evil Forces of Darkness who are trying to rule over the worlds of mortals and magic.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ The powers of the Mystic Rangers are derived from beings known as the Ancient Titans, creatures with great elemental powers, symbolized by mythological creatures from various Earth mythologies on the Ranger's visors (the creatures being the phoenix, the sprite, the garuda, the minotaur and the mermaid).", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ To date, they are the only team of Rangers to not have some kind of team-up special with another Ranger team in their own season.", "Power Rangers __knowledge__ Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live action superhero television series.", "Power Rangers __knowledge__ Produced first by Saban Entertainment, later by BVS Entertainment, and today by SCG Power Rangers, the television series takes much of its footage from the Japanese tokusatsu \"Super Sentai\", produced by Toei Company.", "Power Rangers __knowledge__ The first \"Power Rangers\" entry, \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\", debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the 1990s, during which it catapulted into popular culture along with a line of action figures and other toys by Bandai.", "List of Power Rangers Ninja Storm characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers Ninja Storm\" is the 2003 Power Rangers season that tells the story of the fight between the Wind Ninja Rangers and the evil Space Ninjas led by Lothor.", "List of Power Rangers Ninja Storm characters __knowledge__ This generation of Power Rangers is unique in which they were originally two separate teams; the Wind Rangers of the Wind Ninja Academy and the Thunder Rangers of the Thunder Ninja Academy.", "List of Power Rangers Ninja Storm characters __knowledge__ After initial hostilities, they banded together and were later joined by the Green Samurai Ranger.", "List of Power Rangers Ninja Storm characters __knowledge__ The Wind Rangers are the last students of the Wind Ninja Academy, given their morphers by Sensei Kanoi Watanabe and his son Cam when the other students were kidnapped by Lothor.", "Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers __knowledge__ The villains of the \"Power Rangers\" universe that appeared in the television series \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" and the film \"\" were aliens serving or allied to Rita Repulsa and/or, later, Lord Zedd, including the warrior Goldar.", "Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers __knowledge__ Information about the other villains can be found below.", "Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers __knowledge__ For the purposes of this article, the miniseries \"Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers\" is considered to be a part of the third season of \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\".", "Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers __knowledge__ Villains from the film \"\", while they are covered in this page, are not considered part of \"Power Rangers\" television continuity.", "Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers __knowledge__ Rita Repulsa was the primary antagonist for the first season, and later returned during the second to marry Lord Zedd.", "List of Power Rangers Jungle Fury characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\" is the 2008 season of Power Rangers, telling the story of the fight between the Jungle Fury Power Rangers and the forces of evil led by the spirit Dai Shi.", "List of Power Rangers Jungle Fury characters __knowledge__ The Jungle Fury Power Rangers are the eponymous protagonists of the 2008 Power Rangers television series \"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\".", "List of Power Rangers Jungle Fury characters __knowledge__ After becoming members of the Pai Zhua (, \"Pài Zhuǎ\") and learning martial arts under the guidance of Master Mao, Casey, Lily, and Theo fight Dai Shi and his disciples the Rinshi Beasts.", "List of Power Rangers Jungle Fury characters __knowledge__ Casey Rhodes (portrayed by Jason Smith) was a fairly new member to the Pai Zhua Academy and hence known as a cub and possessed the spirit of the tiger.", "List of Power Rangers S.P.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\"", "List of Power Rangers S.P.D. characters __knowledge__ is the 2005 season of \"Power Rangers\" that tells the story of the fight between the Power Rangers of the Space Patrol Delta police force and the evil Troobian Empire in the year 2025.", "List of Power Rangers S.P.D. characters __knowledge__ The S.P.D.", "List of Power Rangers S.P.D. characters __knowledge__ Power Rangers are characters and heroes in the Power Rangers universe, and the primary protagonists in the television series \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\".", "List of Power Rangers S.P.D. characters __knowledge__ This series is set in the year 2025.", "List of Power Rangers S.P.D. characters __knowledge__ The S.P.D.", "List of Power Rangers S.P.D. characters __knowledge__ Rangers that appear in the series are labeled B-Squad, a weak team that are initially a backup team as their name suggests.", "List of Power Rangers S.P.D. characters __knowledge__ They are promoted to the Earth's primary line of defense and granted Ranger status after the A-Squad vanishes, as well acting as tutors for the D-Squad Cadets.", "List of Power Rangers Dino Charge characters __knowledge__ Power Rangers Dino Charge, and its second season \"Power Rangers Dino Super Charge\", is an American children's television series that airs on Nickelodeon.", "List of Power Rangers Dino Charge characters __knowledge__ It is the 2015 and 2016 entry in the \"Power Rangers\" franchise.", "List of Power Rangers Dino Charge characters __knowledge__ The show follows the Power Rangers Tyler Navarro (Brennan Mejia), Shelby Watkins (Camille Hyde), Koda the caveman (Yoshi Sudarso), Riley Griffin (Michael Taber), and Chase Randall (James Davies) who protect the Earth from the evil alien bounty hunter Sledge who seeks the Energems to become invincible.", "List of Power Rangers Dino Charge characters __knowledge__ The Power Rangers are later joined by the medieval knight Sir Ivan of Zandar (Davi Santos), his modern liege Prince Phillip III (Jarred Blakiston), their own tech expert Kendall Morgan (Claire Blackwelder), Tyler's long lost father James (Reuben Turner, Dan Musgrove), and Keeper's apprentice Zenowing who also become Power Rangers to stop Sledge, only to find his former prisoner Heckyl (Ryan Carter) has transformed into the more powerful evil alien Snide and he now wants to finish what Sledge has started and take over the Earth.", "Minor League Baseball __knowledge__ Minor League Baseball is a hierarchy of professional baseball leagues in the Americas that compete at levels below Major League Baseball (MLB) and provide opportunities for player development and a way to prepare for the major leagues.", "Minor League Baseball __knowledge__ All of the minor leagues are operated as independent businesses.", "Minor League Baseball __knowledge__ Most are members of the umbrella organization known as Minor League Baseball (MiLB), which operates under the Commissioner of Baseball within the scope of organized baseball.", "Minor League Baseball __knowledge__ Several leagues, known as independent baseball leagues, do not have any official links to Major League Baseball.", "Minor League Baseball __knowledge__ Except for the Mexican League, teams in the organized minor leagues are generally independently owned and operated but are directly affiliated with one major league team through a standardized Player Development Contract (PDC).", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ This is a summary of the evolution of nicknames of the current Major League Baseball teams, and also of selected former major and minor league teams whose nicknames were influential, long-lasting, or both.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ The sources of the nicknames included club names, team colors, and city symbols.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ The nicknames have sometimes been dubbed by the media, other times through conscious marketing by the team, or sometimes a little of both.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ \"See also Team names and colors\" Athletic teams have long used colors and nicknames as a form of team identity.This echoes the use of colors and nicknames in other activities such as heraldry, the military, and the flags of nations.", "Kenesaw Mountain Landis __knowledge__ Kenesaw Mountain Landis (; November 20, 1866 – November 25, 1944) was an American jurist who served as a federal judge from 1905 to 1922 and as the first Commissioner of Baseball from 1920 until his death.", "Kenesaw Mountain Landis __knowledge__ He is remembered for his handling of the Black Sox scandal, in which he expelled eight members of the Chicago White Sox from organized baseball for conspiring to lose the 1919 World Series and repeatedly refused their reinstatement requests.", "Kenesaw Mountain Landis __knowledge__ His firm actions and iron rule over baseball in the near quarter-century of his commissionership are generally credited with restoring public confidence in the game.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The history of baseball in the United States can be traced to the 19th century, when amateurs played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using homemade equipment.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The popularity of the sport inspired the semi-pro national baseball clubs in the 1860s.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The earliest known mention of baseball in the U.S was a 1791 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, ordinance banning the playing of the game within of the town meeting house.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ In 1903, the British sportswriter Henry Chadwick published an article speculating that baseball derived from a British game called rounders, which Chadwick had played as a boy in England.", "Satchel Paige __knowledge__ Leroy Robert \"Satchel\" Paige (July 7, 1906 – June 8, 1982) was an American Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who became a legend in his own lifetime by being known as perhaps the best pitcher in baseball history, by his longevity in the game, and by attracting record crowds wherever he pitched.", "Satchel Paige __knowledge__ Paige was a right-handed pitcher, and at age 42 in 1948, he was the oldest major league rookie while playing for the Cleveland Indians.", "Satchel Paige __knowledge__ He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them in the All-Star Game in 1952 and 1953.", "Satchel Paige __knowledge__ He was the first player who had played in the Negro leagues to pitch in the World Series, in 1948, and was the first electee of the Committee on Negro Baseball Leagues to be inducted in the National Baseball Hall of Fame, in 1971.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Nashville Sounds are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ They are located in Nashville, Tennessee, and are named for the city's association with the music industry.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at First Tennessee Park which opened in 2015 and is partially located on the site of the historic Sulphur Dell ballpark.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Sounds previously played at Herschel Greer Stadium from its opening in 1978 until the end of the 2014 season.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ Established as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League in 1978, the Sounds were replaced by a Triple-A American Association team in 1985." ] ]

[ 3, 0, 28, 48, 47 ]

[ "I do like baseball, do you know how the game is scored?", "Thats right. I'm from america, thats where baseball was invented, even though some people say otherwise.", "My favorite baseball team are the Atlanta Braves, from my hometown of Atlanta, Georgia. What kind of things besides baseball do you like? Do you like moives? Do you like The Marvel Comics movies?", "Yes, I've played baseball as a Child. My Uncle was a coach for minor league teams as well.", "I used to love the power rangers! I wished baseball teams had mascots with characters like the power rangers." ]

[ "Baseball", "Baseball", "Baseball", "Baseball", "Baseball" ]