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Clinical NLP Lab 21

LitCovid_1shot500

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: How the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting paediatric orthopaedics practice: a preliminary report. Purpose: Since the state of alarm was decreed in Spain on 14 March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an extraordinary impact in paediatric hospitals. This study shows the effect of the pandemic on our practice in paediatric orthopaedics in a referral third level paediatric hospital. Methods: We performed a single-centre retrospective review of the official census from a third level paediatric hospital from 14 March to 14 April for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. Results: The patients seen in our clinic during this period in 2020 decreased in by 82% (p < 0.001) compared with 2018 and 2019, however, the number of telemedicine consultations increased by 90.21% (p < 0.001). The total number of patients attending the clinic (including onsite and virtual) was reduced by 54.25% (p < 0.001). The total surgeries performed plummeted by 81% in this period in 2020 (p < 0.001) due to a reduction in elective cases of 94.6% (p < 0.001). No significant decrease was found in the number of urgent surgical cases per day in 2020 (p = 0.34). Finally, the number of orthopaedic patients admitted to our emergency department dropped by 78.6% during the state of alarm (p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to our results, the pandemic has significantly affected our daily practice by decreasing elective surgeries and onsite clinics, but other activities have increased. As we have implemented telemedicine and new technologies to adapt to this setback, we should take advantage of the situation to change our practice in the future to better allocate our health resources and to anticipate outbreaks. Published without peer review. Level of Evidence: IV. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot501

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Feasibility, Reliability, and Value of Remote Video-Based Trial Visits in Parkinson's Disease. BACKGROUND: There is rising interest in remote clinical trial assessments, particularly in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility, reliability, and value of remote visits in a phase III clinical trial of individuals with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: We invited individuals with Parkinson's disease enrolled in a phase III clinical trial (STEADY-PD III) to enroll in a sub-study of remote video-based visits. Participants completed three remote visits over one year within four weeks of an in-person visit and completed assessments performed during the remote visit. We evaluated the ability to complete scheduled assessments remotely; agreement between remote and in-person outcome measures; and opinions of remote visits. RESULTS: We enrolled 40 participants (mean (SD) age 64.3 (10.4), 29% women), and 38 (95%) completed all remote visits. There was excellent correlation (ICC 0.81-0.87) between remote and in-person patient-reported outcomes, and moderate correlation (ICC 0.43-0.51) between remote and in-person motor assessments. On average, remote visits took around one quarter of the time of in-person visits (54 vs 190 minutes). Nearly all participants liked remote visits, and three-quarters said they would be more likely to participate in future trials if some visits could be conducted remotely. CONCLUSION: Remote visits are feasible and reliable in a phase III clinical trial of individuals with early, untreated Parkinson's disease. These visits are shorter, reduce participant burden, and enable safe conduct of research visits, which is especially important in the COVID-19 pandemic. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot502

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Management of neurological care during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 epidemic has led to the need for unprecedented decisions to be made to maintain the provision of neurological care. This article addresses operational decision-making during the epidemic. DEVELOPMENT: We report the measures taken, including the preparation of a functional reorganisation plan, strategies for hospitalisation and emergency management, the use of telephone consultations to maintain neurological care, provision of care at a unit outside the hospital for priority patients, decisions about complementary testing and periodic in-hospital treatments, and the use of a specific telephone service to prioritise patients with epileptic seizures. CONCLUSION: Despite the situation of confinement, neurology departments must continue to provide patient care through different means of operation. Like all elements of management, these must be evaluated. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot503

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Identification of COVID-19 can be quicker through artificial intelligence framework using a mobile phone-based survey when cities and towns are under quarantine. We propose the use of a machine learning algorithm to improve possible COVID-19 case identification more quickly using a mobile phone-based web survey. This method could reduce the spread of the virus in susceptible populations under quarantine. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis;Prevention

LitCovid_1shot504

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy to treat patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure consequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This observational study aims to assess the outcome and safety of O2-therapy by high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in 28 consecutive patients with severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (hARF) consequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection, unresponsive to conventional O2-therapy. Nineteen patients had a positive response. Nine patients required escalation of treatment to non-invasive ventilation (five subsequently intubated). None of the staff had a positive swab testing during the study period and the following 14 days. Severity of hypoxemia and C reactive protein level were correlated with HFNC failure. These data suggest HFNC to be a safe treatment for less severe patients with SARS-CoV-2 hARF and efficacy will need to be assessed as part of a clinical trial. OUTPUT:

Treatment

LitCovid_1shot505

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Background: Saudi Arabia has taken unprecedented and stringent preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control its spread, safeguard citizens and ensure their well-being. Public adherence to preventive measures is influenced by their knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi public, toward COVID-19, during the pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, using data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire, from 3,388 participants. To assess the differences in mean scores, and identify factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Results: The majority of the study participants were knowledgeable about COVID-19. The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 17.96 (SD = 2.24, range: 3-22), indicating a high level of knowledge. The mean score for attitude was 28.23 (SD = 2.76, range: 6-30), indicating optimistic attitudes. The mean score for practices was 4.34 (SD = 0.87, range: 0-5), indicating good practices. However, the results showed that men have less knowledge, less optimistic attitudes, and less good practice toward COVID-19, than women. We also found that older adults are likely to have better knowledge and practices, than younger people. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that targeted health education interventions should be directed to this particular vulnerable population, who may be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. For example, COVID-19 knowledge may increase significantly if health education programs are specifically targeted at men. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot506

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Targeting Cytokine Storm to Manage Patients with COVID-19: A Mini-Review. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading all over the world. Excessive immune responses trigger life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which can result in overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1beta with different pro-inflammatory roles. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the modulation of systemic immune responses may have a potential role in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Given the importance of the issue and the lack of therapeutic treatment or vaccine; anti-cytokine therapy such as IL-6, TNFalpha and IL-1 antagonists have been suggested for the alleviation of hyper-inflammation status in these patients. In this mini-review, we addressed the inflammatory pathways of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship with the host cytokine storm. Furthermore, the proposed therapeutic options to reverse hyper-inflammation in infected patients were mentioned. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot507

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Comparison of Two Commercial Molecular Tests and a Laboratory-Developed Modification of the CDC 2019-nCoV Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2. We compared the ability of 2 commercial molecular amplification assays (RealTime SARS-CoV-2 on the m2000 [abbreviated ACOV; Abbott] and ID Now COVID-19 [abbreviated IDNOW; Abbott]) and a laboratory-developed test (modified CDC 2019-nCoV reverse transcriptase PCR [RT-PCR] assay with RNA extraction by eMag [bioMerieux] and amplification on QuantStudio 6 or ABI 7500 real-time PCR system [abbreviated CDC COV]) to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in upper respiratory tract specimens. Discrepant results were adjudicated by medical record review. A total of 200 nasopharyngeal swab specimens in viral transport medium (VTM) were collected from symptomatic patients between 27 March and 9 April 2020. Results were concordant for 167 specimens (83.5% overall agreement), including 94 positive and 73 negative specimens. The ACOV assay yielded 33 additional positive results, 25 of which were also positive by the CDC COV assay but not by the IDNOW assay. In a follow-up evaluation, 97 patients for whom a dry nasal swab specimen yielded negative results by IDNOW had a paired nasopharyngeal swab specimen collected in VTM and tested by the ACOV assay; SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 (13.4%) of these specimens. Medical record review deemed all discrepant results to be true positives. The IDNOW test was the easiest to perform and provided a result in the shortest time but detected fewer cases of COVID-19. The ACOV assay detected more cases of COVID-19 than the CDC COV or IDNOW assays. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot508

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Addressing the COVID-19 Nutrition Crisis in Vulnerable Communities: Applying a Primary Care Perspective. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent public health interventions have disrupted food systems all over the world. In the Philippines, where stringent lockdown rules have been implemented, households living in poverty have had to rely largely on food aid in the form of food packs distributed by local governments and private donors. An evaluation of the commonly distributed food items reveals a diet that addresses acute hunger but does not contain sufficient nutrients to promote and maintain health. Such a diet puts low-income households at a greater risk of acute and chronic disease. The negative health impact of commonly distributed food packs on food aid-dependent households shine a light on how the COVID-19 pandemic and public health policies exacerbate health inequities. A primary care perspective is essential in creating food security policies that can effectively address acute hunger and malnutrition without contributing to the long-term deleterious effects of inadequate nutrition on the health of indigent communities. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot509

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Social Cognition and Socioecological Predictors of Home-Based Physical Activity Intentions, Planning, and Habits during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 'Shelter in place' and 'lockdown' orders implemented to minimize the spread of COVID-19 have reduced opportunities to be physically active. For many, the home environment emerged as the only viable option to participate in physical activity. Previous research suggests that availability of exercise equipment functions as a determinant of home-based physical activity participation among the general adult population. The purpose of this study was to use a socioecological framework to investigate how the availability of exercise equipment at home predicts behavioral decisions, namely, intention, planning, and habits with respect to participation in physical activity. Participants (n = 429) were adults recruited in U.S. states subject to lockdown orders during the pandemic who completed measures online. A structural equation model indicated that availability of cardiovascular and strength training equipment predicted physical activity planning. Social cognition constructs mediated the relationship between each type of exercise equipment and intentions. Autonomous motivation and perceived behavioral control were found to mediate the relationship between each type of exercise equipment and habit. The availability of large cardiovascular and strength training equipment demonstrated significant predictive effects with intention, planning, habit, and autonomous motivation. Facilitating these constructs for home-based physical activity interventions could be efficacious for promoting physical activity. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot510

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: How should colorectal surgeons practice during the COVID-19 epidemic? A retrospective single-centre analysis based on real-world data from China. BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 is currently of global concern. Cancer patients are advised to stay at home in case of potential infection, which may cause delays of routine diagnosis and necessary treatment. How colorectal surgeons should manage this during the epidemic remains a big challenge. The objective of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of routine colorectal surgery during coronavirus disease 2019 and to offer some Chinese recommendations to colorectal surgeons throughout the world. METHODS: A total of 166 patients receiving colorectal surgery from 20 December 2019 to 20 March 2020 at Department of General Surgery in Chinese General Hospital of People's Liberation Army were enrolled, and further divided into two groups based on before or after admission date of 20 January 2020. Clinicopathologic data such as hospital stay and economic data such as total costs were collected and analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Longer hospital stay, higher proportion of non-local patients and more hospitalization cost were found in the post-20 January group (special-time group) (P < 0.001; P < 0.05; P < 0.05, respectively). Apart from this, no difference existed with regard to baseline demographical data such as age, sex and height, as well as clinicopathological data such as previous history, surgery time, operation extent and TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS: This real-world study indicated that performing colorectal surgery during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic might be safe and feasible based on comprehensive screening and investigation. We have summarized several recommendations here, hoping to help surgeons from related departments across the world. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot511

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Climate and COVID-19 pandemic: effect of heat and humidity on the incidence and mortality in world's top ten hottest and top ten coldest countries. OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health crisis with social, psychological and long-lasting economical damages. Weather-related dynamics have an impact on the pattern of human health and disease. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of heat and humidity on daily basis incidence and mortality due to COVID-19 pandemic in ten of the world's hottest countries compared to ten of the coldest ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Worldwide, we selected 20 countries; 10 hottest countries with the highest temperatures and 10 coldest countries with the lowest temperature. The selection of the countries was based on the daily basis mean temperature from the date of appearance of the initial cases of COVID-19, Dec 29, 2019 to May 12, 2020. In the world's 10 hottest countries, the mean temperature was (26.31+/-1.51) and humidity (44.67+/-4.97). However, in the world's 10 coldest countries the mean temperature was (6.19+/-1.61) and humidity (57.26+/-2.35). The data on the global outbreak of COVID-19, daily new cases and deaths were recorded from World Health Organization, and daily information on temperature and humidity was obtained from metrological web "Time and Date". RESULTS: In countries with high temperatures and low humidity, the mean daily cases incidence were (407.12+/-24.33); cumulative cases (9094.34+/-708.29); and cumulative deaths (452.84+/-43.30) were significantly low compared to countries with low temperatures and high humidity: daily cases (1876.72+/-207.37); cumulative cases (44232.38+/-5875.11); and cumulative deaths (2008.29+/-310.13). Moreover, COVID-19 cases and deaths per million population were significantly low in countries with high temperatures (cases 711.23, and deaths 16.27) compared to countries with low temperatures (cases 1685.99; and deaths 86.40). Furthermore, in hottest countries, a 1% increase in humidity reduced number of cases and deaths by (beta = -5.40, p<0.001) and (beta = -0.187, p=0.004) respectively. A similar trend was seen with a 1 degrees C increase in temperature, reducing the number of deaths by (beta = -1.35. p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed a significant decrease in incidence of daily cases and deaths in countries with high temperatures and low humidity (warmest countries), compared to those countries with low temperatures and high humidity (coldest countries). The findings could be of interest to the policymakers and the health officials on the epidemiological trends of COVID-19 pandemic and weather changes. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot512

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: COVID-19 in Health-Care Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes. Health-care workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), being at a higher risk of acquiring the disease and, subsequently, exposing patients and others. Searches of 8 bibliographic databases were performed to systematically review the evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among HCWs. A total of 97 studies (all published in 2020) met the inclusion criteria. The estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection from HCWs' samples, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the presence of antibodies, was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7, 15) and 7% (95% CI: 4, 11), respectively. The most frequently affected personnel were nurses (48%, 95% CI: 41, 56), whereas most of the COVID-19-positive medical personnel were working in hospital nonemergency wards during screening (43%, 95% CI: 28, 59). Anosmia, fever, and myalgia were the only symptoms associated with HCW SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Among HCWs positive for COVID-19 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 40% (95% CI: 17, 65) were asymptomatic at time of diagnosis. Finally, severe clinical complications developed in 5% (95% CI: 3, 8) of the COVID-19-positive HCWs, and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.02, 1.3) died. Health-care workers suffer a significant burden from COVID-19, with those working in hospital nonemergency wards and nurses being the most commonly infected personnel. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot513

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Resilience of Alzheimer's Disease to COVID-19. BACKGROUND: Facing the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), most vulnerable individuals are seniors, especially those with comorbidities. More attention needs to been paid to the COVID-19 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the top age-related neurodegenerative disease. OBJECTIVE: Since it is unclear whether AD patients are prone to COVID-19 infection and progression to severe stages, we report for the first time a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of AD patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the clinical data of 19 AD patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, compared with 23 non-AD COVID-19 patients admitted at the same time to our hospital. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Between AD patients and non-AD patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the pneumonia severity was not significantly different. AD patients had a higher clustering onset than non-AD patients. The median duration from symptom onset to hospitalization were shorter in AD patients than non-AD patients, indicating the former were sent to the hospital by their family or from nursing home earlier than the later. The median duration from hospitalization to discharge seemed shorter in AD patients than non-AD patients. Dementia patients seemed less likely to report fatigue. It is noticed that more AD patients might have pericardial effusion than the non-AD patients. CONCLUSION: AD patients with COVID-19 were in milder conditions with a better prognosis than non-AD patients. AD patients who had adequate access to healthcare showed resilience to COVID-19 with shorter hospital stays. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis;Treatment

LitCovid_1shot514

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Infants Less than 90 Days Old. This is a single-center US case series of 18 infants <90 days old who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These infants had a mild febrile illness without significant pulmonary disease. One-half of the infants were hospitalized; 1 had bacterial urinary tract co-infection. Nasopharyngeal viral loads were notably high. Latinx ethnicity was overrepresented. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot515

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: A minimal model of hospital patients' dynamics in COVID-19. Italy has been one of the countries hardest hit by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. While the overall policy in response to the epidemic was to a large degree centralised, the regional basis of the healthcare system represented an important factor affecting the natural dynamics of the disease induced geographic specificities. Here, we characterise the region-specific modulation of COVID dynamics with a reduced exponential model leveraging available data on sub-intensive and intensive care unit patients made available by all regional councils from the very onset of the disease. This simple model provides a rather good fit of regional patient dynamics, particularly for regions where the affected population was large, highlighting important region-specific patterns of epidemic dynamics. OUTPUT:

Prevention;Epidemic Forecasting

LitCovid_1shot516

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: A modified deep convolutional neural network for detecting COVID-19 and pneumonia from chest X-ray images based on the concatenation of Xception and ResNet50V2. In this paper, we have trained several deep convolutional networks with introduced training techniques for classifying X-ray images into three classes: normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19, based on two open-source datasets. Our data contains 180 X-ray images that belong to persons infected with COVID-19, and we attempted to apply methods to achieve the best possible results. In this research, we introduce some training techniques that help the network learn better when we have an unbalanced dataset (fewer cases of COVID-19 along with more cases from other classes). We also propose a neural network that is a concatenation of the Xception and ResNet50V2 networks. This network achieved the best accuracy by utilizing multiple features extracted by two robust networks. For evaluating our network, we have tested it on 11302 images to report the actual accuracy achievable in real circumstances. The average accuracy of the proposed network for detecting COVID-19 cases is 99.50%, and the overall average accuracy for all classes is 91.4%. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot517

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Its Neuroinvasive Capacity: Is It Time for Melatonin? The world faces an exceptional new public health concern caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), subsequently termed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the clinical symptoms mostly have been characterized, the scientific community still doesn t know how SARS-CoV-2 successfully reaches and spreads throughout the central nervous system (CNS) inducing brain damage. The recent detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in frontal lobe sections from postmortem examination has confirmed the presence of the virus in neural tissue. This finding reveals a new direction in the search for a neurotherapeutic strategy in the COVID-19 patients with underlying diseases. Here, we discuss the COVID-19 outbreak in a neuroinvasiveness context and suggest the therapeutic use of high doses of melatonin, which may favorably modulate the immune response and neuroinflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, clinical trials elucidating the efficacy of melatonin in the prevention and clinical management in the COVID-19 patients should be actively encouraged. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot518

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Headache medication and the COVID-19 pandemic. The world is currently dominated by the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Besides the obvious concerns about limitation of virus spread and providing the best possible care to infected patients, a concomitant concern has now arisen in view of a putative link between the use of certain drugs, such as Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitors and ibuprofen, and an increased risk for COVID-19 infection. We here discuss this concern in relation to headache treatment and conclude that, based on current evidence, there is no reason to abandon treatment of headache patients with RAS inhibitors or ibuprofen. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot519

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Radiology Workload Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Staff Redeployment. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Quantify changes in total and by-subspecialty radiology workload due to deferring nonurgent services during the initial COVID-19 pandemic, and describe operational strategies implemented due to shifts in priority. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective, Institutional Review Board-exempt, study was performed between February 3, 2020 and April 19, 2020 at a large academic medical center. During March 9-15 (intervention period), nonurgent outpatient service deferments began. Five-week periods pre- (baseline) and postintervention (COVID) were defined. Primary outcomes were radiology volume (reports per day) overall and in 11 subspecialty divisions. Linear regression assessed relationship between baseline vs. COVID volumes stratified by division. Secondary outcomes included changes in relative value units (RVUs), inpatient and outpatient volumes. RESULTS: There were 62,791 baseline reports vs. 23,369 during COVID; a 60% overall precipitous volume decrease (p < 0.001). Mean volume decrease pre- and during-COVID was significant (p < 0.001) amongst all individual divisions. Mean volume decrease differed amongst divisions: Interventional Radiology experienced least disruption (29% volume decrease), 7 divisions experienced 40%-60% decreases, and Musculoskeletal, Breast, and Cardiovascular imaging experienced >75% volume decrease. Total RVUs decreased 60% (71,186 baseline; 28,476 COVID). Both outpatient and inpatient report volumes decreased; 72% (41,115 baseline; 11,326 COVID) and 43% (12,626 baseline vs. 6,845 COVID), respectively. In labor pool tracking data, 21.8% (162/744) total radiology employees were reassigned to other hospital duties during the intervention period. CONCLUSION: Precipitous radiology workload reductions impacted subspecialty divisions with marked variation. Data-driven operational decisions during COVID-19 assisted workflow and staffing assignment changes. Ongoing adjustments will be needed as healthcare systems transition operations to a "new normal." OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot520

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: COVID-19, flattening the curve, and Benford's law. For many countries attempting to control the fast-rising number of coronavirus cases and deaths, the race is on to "flatten the curve," since the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken on pandemic proportions. In the absence of significant control interventions, the curve could be steep, with the number of COVID-19 cases growing exponentially. In fact, this level of proliferation may already be happening, since the number of patients infected in Italy closely follows an exponential trend. Thus, we propose a test. When the numbers are taken from an exponential distribution, it has been demonstrated that they automatically follow Benford's Law (BL). As a result, if the current control interventions are successful and we flatten the curve (i.e., we slow the rate below an exponential growth rate), then the number of infections or deaths will not obey BL. For this reason, BL may be useful for assessing the effects of the current control interventions and may be able to answer the question, "How flat is flat enough?" In this study, we used an epidemic growth model in the presence of interventions to describe the potential for a flattened curve, and then investigated whether the epidemic growth model followed BL for ten selected countries with a relatively high mortality rate. Among these countries, South Korea showed a particularly high degree of control intervention. Although all of the countries have aggressively fought the epidemic, our analysis shows that all countries except for Japan satisfied BL, indicating the growth rates of COVID-19 were close to an exponential trend. Based on the simulation table in this study, BL test shows that the data from Japan is incorrect. OUTPUT:

Prevention;Epidemic Forecasting

LitCovid_1shot521

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Letter to the Editors: COVID-19-Related Liver Injury: The Interpretation for Aspartate Aminotransferase Needs to Be Cautious. First, the authors believed that elevated levels of liver injury markers, particularly aspartate aminotransferase (AST), may reflect true hepatic injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it should be noted that AST is usually considered a less specific marker for liver injury than alanine aminotransferase (ALT). OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot522

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Spontaneous Pneumothorax Following COVID-19 Pneumonia. Patient presents with dyspnea after recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia and is found to have pneumothorax. This represents an under-reported sequelae of COVID-19. OUTPUT:

Case Report

LitCovid_1shot523

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: The course of COVID-19 in a 55-year-old patient diagnosed with severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. We describe a 55-year-old woman with severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure 71 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance 30 WU at diagnosis five months ago), who was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and experienced a relatively mild course with symptoms resembling a common cold. To date, information about the clinical course of COVID-19 in pre-existing pulmonary arterial hypertension is lacking, and it is thus unknown whether pulmonary arterial hypertension belongs to the risk factors of severe COVID-19 disease. OUTPUT:

Case Report

LitCovid_1shot524

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Experience from a COVID-19 first-line referral clinic in Greater Copenhagen. INTRODUCTION: Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure in Denmark, first-line referral centres were established to handle all patients suspected of COVID-19 or other upper respiratory tract infection. Here we report the first experiences from a first-line referral centre from Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, situated on the outskirts of Copenhagen. METHODS: A retrospective quality assessment was performed with collection of symptom patterns and COVID-19 status. RESULTS: During the first 24 days, a total of 3,551 patients were referred for assessment of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and COVID-19. A total of 2,048 patients were assessed as having mild symptoms and referred for COVID-19 testing alone, whereas 337 patients were assessed clinically by a physician. Thirty-seven were positive for COVID-19 infection, 286 were negative. The most common symptoms reported were fever, coughing and dyspnoea. Fever was an independent predictor of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio (OR) = 2.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-5.04); p = 0.037); whereas sore throat was not (OR = 0.40 (95% CI: 0.15-0.92); p = 0.045). Only a small number of patients reported loss of taste or anosmia. In total, 113 patients were admitted to hospital, the majority of patients were discharged within 24 hours with mild symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. Three of the COVID-19-positive patients developed a severe infection and two had a fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to report the experiences and symptom patterns of a COVID-19 first-line referral centre with efficient triage of patients in need of hospitalisation. FUNDING: none. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot525

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: [High prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 in haemodialysis: learning day by day in the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic]. Dialysis patients are a risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection and possibly further complications, but we have little information. The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of the first month of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a hospital haemodialysis (HD) unit serving the district of Madrid with the second highest incidence of COVID-19 (almost 1,000 patients in 100,000h). In the form of a diary, we present the actions undertaken, the incidence of COVID-19 in patients and health staff, some clinical characteristics and the results of screening all the patients in the unit. We started with 90 patients on HD: 37 (41.1%) had COVID-19, of whom 17 (45.9%) were diagnosed through symptoms detected in triage or during the session, and 15 (40.5%) through subsequent screening of those who, until that time, had not undergone SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. Fever was the most frequent symptom, 50% had lymphopenia and 18.4% <95% O2 saturation. Sixteen (43.2%) patients required hospital admission and 6 (16.2%) died. We found a cluster of infection per shift and also among those using public transport. In terms of staff, of the 44 people involved, 15 (34%) had compatible symptoms, 4 (9%) were confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 PCR cases by occupational health, 9 (20%) required some period of sick leave, temporary disability to work (ILT), and 5 were considered likely cases. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a high prevalence of COVID-19 with a high percentage detected by screening; hence the need for proactive diagnosis to stop the pandemic. Most cases are managed as outpatients, however severe symptoms are also appearing and mortality to date is 16.2%. In terms of staff, 20% have required sick leave in relation to COVID-19. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis;Prevention

LitCovid_1shot526

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: 18F-FDG PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma With Unsuspected COVID-19. We present an asymptomatic 70-year-old man referred for an F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging of a Hodgkin lymphoma. F-FDG PET/CT showed bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (stage II). Incidentally, the CT demonstrated bilateral ground-glass opacities with low-grade F-FDG activity. CT findings were suspicious for COVID-19 pneumonitis. The COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination result was negative. Given the high clinical suspicion for COVID-19, the patient was isolated and repeat RT-PCR was positive at 72 hours. RT-PCR may be falsely negative in early COVID-19 disease, even with positive CT findings. OUTPUT:

Case Report

LitCovid_1shot527

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: [Ultrasound in the management of the critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): narrative review]. The clinical picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is characterized in its more severe form, by an acute respiratory failure which can worsen to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and get complicated with thrombotic events and heart dysfunction. Therefore, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is common. Ultrasound, which has become an everyday tool in the ICU, can be very useful during COVID-19 pandemic, since it provides the clinician with information which can be interpreted and integrated within a global assessment during the physical examination. A description of some of the potential applications of ultrasound is depicted in this document, in order to supply the physicians taking care of these patients with an adapted guide to the intensive care setting. Some of its applications since ICU admission include verification of the correct position of the endotracheal tube, contribution to safe cannulation of lines, and identification of complications and thrombotic events. Furthermore, pleural and lung ultrasound can be an alternative diagnostic test to assess the degree of involvement of the lung parenchyma by means of the evaluation of specific ultrasound patterns, identification of pleural effusions and barotrauma. Echocardiography provides information of heart involvement, detects cor pulmonale and shock states. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot528

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: COVID-19 and the male susceptibility: the role of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and the androgen receptor. COVID-19 is the pandemic that hit the world starting December 2019. Recent studies and international statistics have shown an increased prevalence, morbidity as well as mortality of this disease in male patients compared to female patients. The aim of this brief communication is to describe the pathophysiology of this sex-discrepancy, based on the infectivity mechanism of the coronavirus including the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the Type II transmembrane Serine Protease (TMPRSS2), and the androgen receptor. This could help understand the susceptibility of urological patients, especially those receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer, and testosterone replacement therapy. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot529

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review from pathogenicity of the virus to clinical consequences. Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, is the worldwide challenge. The virus is highly contagious, and clinical consequences were very divers. It is estimated that if no effective action is taken, COVID-19 could plague 90% of the world's population and kill over 40 million people. So, it is essential to understand the virus pathogenicity and follow the preventive methods to control the high morbidity and mortality rates. Meanwhile our current knowledge of COVID-19 is still limited, despite hard efforts of scientists and clinicians during last few months. In this review article, we have collected the latest data about characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods of SARS-CoV-2. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot530

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Large-scale public venues as medical emergency sites in disasters: lessons from COVID-19 and the use of Fangcang shelter hospitals in Wuhan, China. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, Wuhan has adopted three methods of admitting patients for treatment: designated hospitals, newly built temporary hospitals and Fangcang shelter hospitals. It has been proven that converting large-scale public venues such as stadiums and exhibition centres into Fangcang shelter hospitals, which serve as hospitals for isolation, treatment and disease monitoring of patients with mild symptoms, is the most effective way to control virus transmission and reduce mortality. This paper presents some experiences learnt from treating COVID-19 in Wuhan, the first city to report the outbreak and which suffered from a shortage of emergency supplies, heavy workload among staff and a shortage of hospital beds during the early stages of the pandemic. The experiences include location, accessibility, spacious outdoor area, spacious indoor space, power supply, architectural layout design and partition isolation, ventilation, sewage, and problems in the construction and management of Fangcang shelter hospitals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional approaches to disaster preparedness have demonstrated intrinsic problems, such as poor economic performance, inefficiency and lack of flexibility. Converting large-scale public venues into Fangcang shelter hospitals is an important means to rapidly improve the function of the city's healthcare system during a pandemic. This valuable experience in Wuhan will help other countries in their battle against the current COVID-19 pandemic and will also contribute to disaster preparedness and mitigation in the future. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot531

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Exploring the adoption of telemedicine and virtual software for care of outpatients during and after COVID-19 pandemic. As the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across countries, the need for innovative measures to provide high-quality patient care and manage its spread has become more imperative. Software-based systems such as medical software applications could provide valuable suggestion on health-related information to physicians towards improving quality of life, especially for outpatients (e.g., elderly, immunosuppressed, pregnant women). The use of telemedicine and virtual software offers promising potential in the fight against COVID-19. Accordingly, by means of expedited literature and document review, this paper provides implication on the opportunities, application, and challenges of telemedicine and existing virtual software currently adopted as suitable initiatives for reducing the spread of COVID-19. More importantly, findings present factors that impact adoption of telemedicine. The findings suggest that telemedicine and virtual software are capable of decreasing emergency room visits, safeguarding healthcare resources, and lessening the spread of COVID-19 by remotely treating patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot532

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Passive Immunity for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Commentary on Therapeutic Aspects Including Convalescent Plasma. In the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is infecting a naive population. The innate immunity of the infected patient is unable to mount an effective defense, resulting in a severe illness with substantial morbidity and mortality. As most treatment modalities including antivirals and anti-inflammatory agents are mostly ineffective, an immunological approach is needed. The mechanism of innate immunity to this viral illness is not fully understood. Passive immunity becomes an important avenue for the management of these patients. In this article, the immune responses of COVID-19 patients are reviewed. As SARS-CoV-2 has many characteristics in common with two other viruses, SARS-CoV that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the experiences learned from the use of passive immunity in treatment can be applied to COVID-19. The immune response includes the appearance of immunoglobulin M followed by immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies. Convalescent plasma obtained from patients recovered from the illness with high titers of neutralizing antibodies was successful in treating many COVID-19 patients. The factors that determine responses as compared with those seen in SARS and MERS are also reviewed. As there are no approved vaccines against all three viruses, it remains a challenge in the ongoing development for an effective vaccine for COVID-19. OUTPUT:

Treatment

LitCovid_1shot533

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Contextualizing Critical Care Medicine in the Face of Covid-19 Pandemic. Critical Care Medicine is a specialty dealing with the comprehensive management of patients having, or at risk of developing, acute, life threatening organ dysfunction. The glaring need of critical care services and human resources for critical care have become more evident in the face of the current COVID-19 Pandemic. At this juncture, when the world is facing threat to humanity with an increasing number of deaths due to COVID 19 pandemic, the discussion about the need for ICU beds and human resources for critical care management has re-surfaced and is being increasingly realized. In Nepal, as of 15th April, 2020, there are 194 hospitals with ICU facilities. The total ICU bed strength is 1595 in 194 hospitals (which is approximately 6% of all hospital beds) and only around 50% of them are equipped with ventilators (840). These figures indicate that Nepal has approximately 2.8 ICU beds per 100,000 population. As Nepal braces to contain a major COVID-19 outbreak, the hospital capacities of the country have already come under huge pressure. If the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 continue to rise at the current pace, the shortage of critical care facilities will become more glaring than ever before. The current pandemic is a tremendous opportunity for health planners to accelerate action and ensure that the country is well-equipped to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. We need to be working towards infrastructure and human resource strengthening and expansion in critical care, in order to efficiently contain the pandemic. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot534

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: A Review of State Guidelines for Elective Orthopaedic Procedures During the COVID-19 Outbreak. BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in widespread cancellation of elective orthopaedic procedures. The guidance coming from multiple sources frequently has been difficult to assimilate as well as dynamic, with constantly changing standards. We seek to communicate the current guidelines published by each state, to discuss the impact of these guidelines on orthopaedic surgery, and to provide the general framework used to determine which procedures have been postponed at our institution. METHODS: An internet search was used to identify published state guidelines regarding the cancellation of elective procedures, with a publication cutoff of March 24, 2020, 5:00 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time. Data collected included the number of states providing guidance to cancel elective procedures and which states provided specific guidance in determining which procedures should continue being performed as well as to orthopaedic-specific guidance. RESULTS: Thirty states published guidance regarding the discontinuation of elective procedures, and 16 states provided a definition of "elective" procedures or specific guidance for determining which procedures should continue to be performed. Only 5 states provided guidelines specifically mentioning orthopaedic surgery; of those, 4 states explicitly allowed for trauma-related procedures and 4 states provided guidance against performing arthroplasty. Ten states provided guidelines allowing for the continuation of oncological procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Few states have published guidelines specific to orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak, leaving hospital systems and surgeons with the responsibility of balancing the benefits of surgery with the risks to public health. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot535

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Meta-analysis of chest CT features of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The objective of this paper is to perform a meta-analysis regarding the chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia patients. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from 1 December 2019 to 1 May 2020 using the keywords of "COVID-19 virus," "the 2019 novel coronavirus," "novel coronavirus," and "COVID-19." Studies that evaluated the CT manifestations of common and severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included. Among the 9736 searched results, 15 articles describing 1453 common patients and 697 severe patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on the CT images, the common patients were less frequent to exhibit consolidation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31), pleural effusion (OR = 0.19), lymphadenopathy (OR = 0.17), crazy-paving pattern (OR = 0.22), interlobular septal thickening (OR = 0.27), reticulation (OR = 0.20), traction bronchiectasis (OR = 0.40) with over two lobes involved (OR = 0.07) and central distribution (OR = 0.18) while more frequent to bear unilateral pneumonia (OR = 4.65) involving one lobe (OR = 13.84) or two lobes (OR = 6.95) when compared with severe patients. Other CT features including ground-glass opacities (P = .404), air bronchogram (P = .070), nodule (P = .093), bronchial wall thickening (P = .15), subpleural band (P = .983), vascular enlargement (P = .207), and peripheral distribution (P = .668) did not have a significant association with the severity of the disease. No publication bias among the selected studies was suggested (Harbord's tests, P > .05 for all.) We obtained reliable estimates of the chest CT manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia patients, which might provide an important clue for the diagnosis and classification of COVID-19 pneumonia. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot536

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Risk Stratification and Personal Protective Equipment Use in Pediatric Endoscopy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Single-center Protocol. SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is now a global pandemic. Human-to-human transmission has been documented to occur through respiratory secretions, feces, aerosols, and contaminated environmental surfaces. Pediatric patients present a unique challenge as they may have minimal symptoms and yet transmit disease. Endoscopists face risk for infection with viruses like SARS-CoV-2, as the aerosol generating nature of endoscopy diffuses respiratory disease that can be spread via an airborne and droplet route. We describe our center's methodology for pediatric patient risk stratification to facilitate responsible use of endoscopic resources during this crisis. We also describe our recommendations for use of personal protective equipment by endoscopists, with the goal of ensuring the safety of ourselves, our anesthesiology and endoscopy staff, and our patients. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot537

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pooled global prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). DATA SOURCES: Literature searches of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were conducted on April 19, 2020, to include articles written in English that reported the prevalence of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. REVIEW METHODS: Search strategies developed for each database contained keywords such as anosmia, dysgeusia, and COVID-19. Resulting articles were imported into a systematic review software and underwent screening. Data from articles that met inclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed. Meta-analysis using pooled prevalence estimates in a random-effects model were calculated. RESULTS: Ten studies were analyzed for olfactory dysfunction (n = 1627), demonstrating 52.73% (95% CI, 29.64%-75.23%) prevalence among patients with COVID-19. Nine studies were analyzed for gustatory dysfunction (n = 1390), demonstrating 43.93% (95% CI, 20.46%-68.95%) prevalence. Subgroup analyses were conducted for studies evaluating olfactory dysfunction using nonvalidated and validated instruments and demonstrated 36.64% (95% CI, 18.31%-57.24%) and 86.60% (95% CI, 72.95%-95.95%) prevalence, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are common symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and may represent early symptoms in the clinical course of infection. Increased awareness of this fact may encourage earlier diagnosis and treatment, as well as heighten vigilance for viral transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to report on the prevalence of these symptoms in COVID-19 patients. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot538

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Probabilistic approximation of effective reproduction number of COVID-19 using daily death statistics. The effective reproduction number (R) which signifies the number of secondary cases infected by one infectious individual, is an important measure of the spread of an infectious disease. Due to the dynamics of COVID-19 where many infected people are not showing symptoms or showing mild symptoms, and where different countries are employing different testing strategies, it is quite difficult to calculate the R, while the pandemic is still widespread. This paper presents a probabilistic methodology to evaluate the effective reproduction number by considering only the daily death statistics of a given country. The methodology utilizes a linearly constrained Quadratic Programming scheme to estimate the daily new infection cases from the daily death statistics, based on the probability distribution of delays associated with symptom onset and to reporting a death. The proposed methodology is validated in-silico by simulating an infectious disease through a Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model. The results suggest that with a reasonable estimate of distribution of delay to death from the onset of symptoms, the model can provide accurate estimates of R. The proposed method is then used to estimate the R values for two countries. OUTPUT:

Epidemic Forecasting

LitCovid_1shot539

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Surgical Practice in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak </mac_aq>started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and evolved into a global problem in a short period. The pandemic has led to many social and health-care challenges. In this context, surgery is an area that is facing the need for many adaptations. In this systematic literature review, we analyzed different perspectives concerning this situation, aiming to provide recommendations that could guide surgeons and </mac_aq>entities toward screening, elective and emergency surgeries, decision making, and operating room management. A computerized search in PubMed, Scopus, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) for relevant literature up to April 4, 2020, was performed. Articles were included if they were related to surgery dynamics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 281 articles found in our initial search and 15 articles from alternative sources, 39 were included in our review after a systematic evaluation. Concerning preoperative testing </mac_aq>for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, 29 (74.4%) articles recommended some kind of </mac_aq>screening. Another major suggestion was postponing all (or at least selected) elective operations (29 articles, </mac_aq>74.4%). Several additional recommendations with respect to surgical practice or surgical staff were also assessed and discussed, such as performing laparoscopic surgeries and avoiding the use of electrocauterization. On the basis of the current literature, we concluded that any surgery that can be delayed should be postponed. COVID-19 screening is strongly recommended for all surgical cases. Moreover, surgical staff should be reduced to the essential members and provided with institutional psychological support. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot540

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: A brief history of medical uniforms: from ancient history to the COVID-19 time. Medical Uniforms date back from medieval times. Nursing uniforms were based on nuns clothes whereas doctors used the famous "plague costumes" and black "frock" coats from about 15th to early 19th century. In latter half 19th century medical uniforms started to change. Nursing uniforms gradually lost their similarities to religious outfits. Doctors started to use white clothing. With great emphasis on hygiene and sanitation, the idea of personal protective equipment (PPE) started to evolve with William Stewart Halsted introducing the use of rubber gloves in 1889. In the 1960s-1970s it became more usual to wear green and blue `scrubs in order to look for a greater contrast in clothing with the all-white hospital environment. In contemporary times, some specialties even stopped using specific uniforms, while others still use them. At the same time, PPE became more and more important, up to nowadays "plague costume" in the combat of the COVID-19 epidemics. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot541

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Hypothesis: Sex-Related Differences in ACE2 Activity May Contribute to Higher Mortality in Men Versus Women With COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) facilitates the cellular entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease. Recent reports have shown worse outcomes in men with COVID-19 infection compared to women. We review the hypothesis that sex-related differences in outcomes in COVID-19 are due to different activity of ACE2 between men and women. We also show that studies in humans have demonstrated no significant difference in serum ACE2 levels between healthy men and women. However, men with hypertension and heart failure typically have higher level of serum ACE2 activity compared to women. We hypothesize that the worse outcomes in men with COVID-19 compared to women is likely due to higher prevalence of hypertension and heart failure among men compared to women. To test this hypothesis, studies to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 infection between men and women with no preexisting heart diseases are needed. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism;Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot542

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: COVID-19 Solution. Coronaviruses (CoV) are RNA viruses that cause endemic infections in various species of mammals and avian birds. There are seven known human CoVs, each of which causes respiratory diseases: together account for about one third of common colds. Some CoVs have recently entered humans from infected animals and lastly we have SARS COVID-19, (CoV), which causes severe acute, often fatal respiratory syndromes. The prevalence of CoV, the easy zoonotic transmission and the potential to cause serious respiratory diseases, lead to urgent research to discover the mechanisms of CoV infection. Our study has identified a possible way to eliminate the danger of this virus by analyzing the structures by which it enters the host cell. This study indicates that the neuroaminidase interrupts the infection. OUTPUT:

Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot543

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Variplex test system fails to reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 directly from respiratory samples without RNA extraction. Diagnosis of COVID is performed by PCR methods, but their capacity is limited by the requirement of high-level facilities and instruments. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method has been utilized for the detection of isolated virus-specific RNA. Preliminary data suggest the possibility of isothermal amplification directly from respiratory samples without RNA extraction. All patients admitted to our hospital were screened for SARS-CoV-2 by routine. Respiratory samples were tested by variplex system based on LAMP method directly without RNA extraction and by PCR. Primary endpoint was the false-negative rate of variplex test compared with PCR as gold standard. In 109 patients variplex test and PCR assay were performed simultaneously. Median age was 80 years and male/female ratio was 40/60%. The prevalence of PCR-confirmed COVID diagnosis was 43.1%. Variplex test was positive in 13.8%. False-negative rate of variplex test compared with PCR was 83.0%. The potential of LAMP technology using isolated RNA has been demonstrated impressively by others, and excellent sensitivity and specificity of detecting SARS-CoV-2 has been reported. However, without RNA extraction, the variplex test system failed to reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 directly in respiratory samples. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot544

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Impact of lockdown measures implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic on the burden of trauma presentations to a regional emergency department in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented nationwide regulations aimed primarily at slowing the spread of the virus. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of these regulations on the number and severity of trauma presentations to a regional emergency department in Kwa-Zulu Natal. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of the triage register at Edendale Hospital Emergency Department was conducted, comparing all trauma presentations in the month of April 2020 with those from the preceding two years. The number of patients, mechanism of trauma and severity of illness were recorded and compared. Results: A 47% reduction in the number of trauma cases was recorded for April 2020. The proportion of severe cases did not change. The categories showing a major decrease were motor vehicle accidents, pedestrian vehicle accidents, assault and gunshot wounds. The incidence of dog bite wounds and burns remained unchanged. Conclusion: This study shows that the burden of trauma presenting to the emergency department was decreased in the month of April 2020 by the regulations implemented in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot545

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Rapid guide to the management of cardiac patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt: "a position statement of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology". COVID-19 pandemic poses an enormous challenge to healthcare system in Egypt. This document is a position statement from the Egyptian Society of Cardiology. It aims to provide information to cardiovascular healthcare providers in Egypt to guarantee delivery of quality patient care and ensure adequate levels of protection against infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older patients and those with cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of mortality. The current situation requires unusual allocation of resources which may negatively impact the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiologists should be prepared in the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenge is in providing the best quality of care despite limited resources while keeping all medical staff as safe as possible. Consider deferring elective procedures whenever possible. All medical staff should undergo rigorous training on infection control and the use of high-quality personal protection equipment. Cardiologists should promote telemedicine in the outpatient setting, prioritize outpatient contacts, and avoid nosocomial dissemination of the virus to patients and healthcare providers. A much conservative approach for emergent cardiac patients is recommended, and invasive interventions are reserved for high risk hemodynamically unstable patients. During the pandemic, the most important principles of treatment should be controlling the spread of infection as the first priority, prompt assessment of patient risk, recommending conservative medical therapy rather than invasive interventions, and strict infection control measures to limit infection spread within the hospital and to healthcare workers. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot546

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: GRP78 targeting: Hitting two birds with a stone. BACKGROUND: Glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) is one member of the Heat Shock Protein family of chaperone proteins (HSPA5) found in eukaryotes. It acts as the master of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) process in the lumen of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). SCOPE: Under the stress of unfolded proteins, GRP78 binds to the unfolded proteins to prevent misfolding, while under the load of the unfolded protein, it drives the cell to autophagy or apoptosis. Several attempts reported the overexpression of GRP78 on the cell membrane of cancer cells and cells infected with viruses or fungi. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Cell-surface GRP78 is used as a cancer cell target in previous studies. Additionally, GRP78 is used as a drug target to stop the progression of cancer cells by different compounds, including peptides, antibodies, and some natural compounds. Additionally, it can be used as a protein target to reduce the infectivity of different viruses, including the pandemic SARS-CoV-2. Besides, GRP78 targeting is used in diagnosis and imaging modalities using radionuclides. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This review summarizes the various attempts that used GRP78 both in therapy (fighting cancer, viral and fungal infections) and diagnosis (imaging). OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot547

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Quantifying the adhesive strength between the SARS-CoV-2 S-proteins and human receptor and its effect in therapeutics. The binding affinity and adhesive strength between the spike (S) glycoproteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is computed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The calculations indicate that the binding affinity is [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] with a maximum adhesive force of [Formula: see text] pN. Our analysis suggests that only 27 (13 in S-protein, 14 in ACE2) residues are active during the initial fusion process between the S-protein and ACE2 receptor. With these insights, we investigated the effect of possible therapeutics in the size and wrapping time of virus particles by reducing the binding energy. Our analysis indicates that this energy has to be reduced significantly, around 50% or more, to block SARS-CoV-2 particles with radius in the order of [Formula: see text] nm. Our study provides concise target residues and target binding energy reduction between S-proteins and receptors for the development of new therapeutics treatments for COVID-19 guided by computational design. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot548

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Nullane salus extra ecclesiam. Randomized clinical trials are not relevant for infectious disease outbreaks due to a new pathogen, for which public health decisions have to be made urgently. An approach based on group comparisons, in silico, may provide valuable results in a reasonably short period of time for a negligible amount of money. OUTPUT:

Treatment

LitCovid_1shot549

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Personal protective equipment (PPE) for both anesthesiologists and other airway managers: principles and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers are facing a coronavirus disease pandemic. This pandemic may last for many months, stressing the Canadian healthcare system in a way that has not previously been seen. Keeping healthcare providers safe, healthy, and available to work throughout this pandemic is critical. The consistent use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) will help assure its availability and healthcare provider safety. The purpose of this communique is to give both anesthesiologists and other front-line healthcare providers a framework from which to understand the principles and practices surrounding PPE decision-making. We propose three types of PPE including: 1) PPE for droplet and contact precautions, 2) PPE for general airborne, droplet, and contact precautions, and 3) PPE for those performing or assisting with high-risk aerosol-generating medical procedures. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot550

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Global management of a common, underrated surgical task during the COVID-19 pandemic: Gallstone disease - An international survery. Background: Since the Coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) pandemic, the healthcare systems are reallocating their medical resources, with consequent narrowed access to elective surgery for benign conditions such as gallstone disease(GD). This survey represents an overview of the current policies regarding the surgical management of patients with GD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A Web-based survey was conducted among 36 Hepato-Prancreato-Biliary surgeons from 14 Countries. Through a 17-item questionnaire, participants were asked about the local management of patients with GD since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The majority (n=26,72.2%) of surgeons reported an alarming decrease in the cholecystectomy rate for GD since the start of the pandemic, regardless of the Country: 19(52.7%) didn't operate any GD, 7(19.4%) reduced their surgical activity by 50-75%, 10(27.8%) by 25-50%, 1(2.8%) maintained regular activity. Currently, only patients with GD complications are operated. Thirty-two (88.9%) participants expect these changes to last for at least 3 months.In 15(41.6%) Centers, patients are currently being screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection before cholecystectomy [in 10(27.8%) Centers only in the presence of suspected infection, in 5(13.9%) routinely]. The majority of surgeons (n=29,80.6%) have adopted a laparoscopic approach as standard surgery, 5(13.9%) perform open cholecystectomy in patients with known/suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 2(5.6%) in all patients. Conclusion: In the ongoing COVID-19 emergency, the surgical treatment of GD is postponed, resulting in a huge number of untreated patients who could develop severe morbidity. Updated guidelines and dedicated pathways for patients with benign disease awaiting elective surgery are mandatory to prevent further aggravation of the overloaded healthcare systems. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot551

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: The association between obesity and poor outcome after COVID-19 indicates a potential therapeutic role for montelukast. It is widely believed that infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers a disproportionate immune response which causes a devastating systemic injury, particularly in individuals with obesity, itself a chronic, multi-organ inflammatory disease. Immune cells accumulate in visceral adipose tissue and together with paracrine adipocytes release a wide range of biologically active cytokines (including IL-1beta, IL5, IL6 and IL8) that can result in both local, pulmonary and systemic inflammation. A more intense 'cytokine storm' is postulated as the mechanism behind the extreme immune response seen in severe COVID-19. It is striking how dangerous the combination of obesity and COVID-19 is, resulting in a greater risk of ICU admission and a higher mortality. Furthermore, patients from a BAME background appear to have increased mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection; they also have a higher prevalence of central obesity and its metabolic complications. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the therapeutic potential of immune-modulating drugs is a priority, but the development of new drugs is expensive and time-consuming. A more pragmatic solution would be to seek to repurpose existing drugs, particularly those that might suppress the heightened cytokine activity seen in obesity, the major risk factor for a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist licensed to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. It has been shown to diminish pulmonary response to antigen, tissue eosinophilia and IL-5 expression in inflammatory cells. It has also been shown to decrease elevated levels of IL-1beta and IL8 in humans with viral upper respiratory tract infections compared with placebo-treated patients. In addition, in silico studies have demonstrated a high binding affinity of the montelukast molecule to the terminal site of the virus's main protease enzyme which is needed for virus RNA synthesis and replication. Montelukast, which is cheap, safe and widely available would appear to have the potential to be an ideal candidate drug for clinical trials, particularly in early stage disease before irreparable tissue damage has already occurred. HYPOTHESIS: Through a direct anti-viral effect, or by suppression of heightened cytokine release in response to SARS-CoV-2, montelukast will reduce the severity of immune-mediated multiorgan damage resulting from COVID-19, particularly in patients with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot552

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: A Test-Negative Design with Additional Population Controls Can Be Used to Rapidly Study Causes of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic. Testing of symptomatic persons for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is occurring worldwide. We propose two types of case-control studies that can be carried out jointly in test settings for symptomatic persons. The first, the test-negative case-control design (TND) is the easiest to implement; it only requires collecting information about potential risk factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the tested symptomatic persons. The second, standard case-control studies with population controls, requires the collection of data on one or more population controls for each person who is tested in the test facilities, so that test-positives and test-negatives can each be compared with population controls. The TND will detect differences in risk factors between symptomatic persons who have COVID-19 (test-positives) and those who have other respiratory infections (test-negatives). However, risk factors with effect sizes of equal magnitude for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections will not be identified by the TND. Therefore, we discuss how to add population controls to compare with the test-positives and the test-negatives, yielding two additional case-control studies. We describe two options for population control groups: one composed of accompanying persons to the test facilities, the other drawn from existing country-wide healthcare databases. We also describe other possibilities for population controls. Combining the TND with population controls yields a triangulation approach that distinguishes between exposures that are risk factors for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and exposures that are risk factors for just COVID-19. This combined design can be applied to future epidemics, but also to study causes of nonepidemic disease. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot553

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Evolving Impact of COVID-19 on Transplant Center Practices and Policies in the United States. In our first survey of transplant centers in March 2020, >75% of kidney and liver programs were either suspended or operating under restrictions. To safely resume transplantation, we must understand the evolving impact of COVID-19 on transplant recipients and center-level practices. We therefore conducted a six-week follow-up survey May 7-15, 2020, and linked responses to the COVID-19 incidence map, with a response rate of 84%. Suspension of live donor transplantation decreased from 72% in March to 30% in May for kidneys and from 68% to 52% for livers. Restrictions/suspension of deceased donor transplantation decreased from 84% to 58% for kidneys and from 73% to 42% for livers. Resuming transplantation at normal capacity was envisioned by 83% of programs by August 2020. Exclusively using local recovery teams for deceased donor procurement was reported by 28%. Respondents reported caring for a total of 1166 COVID-19-positive transplant recipients; 25% were critically ill. Telemedicine challenges were reported by 81%. There was a lack of consensus regarding management of potential living donors or candidates with SARS-CoV-2. Our findings demonstrate persistent heterogeneity in center-level response to COVID-19 even as transplant activity resumes, making ongoing national data collection and real-time analysis critical to inform best practices. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot554

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Risk factors for positive and negative COVID-19 tests: a cautious and in-depth analysis of UK biobank data. BACKGROUND: The recent COVID-19 outbreak has generated an unprecedented public health crisis, with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. Using hospital-based or mortality data, several COVID-19 risk factors have been identified, but these may be confounded or biased. METHODS: Using SARS-CoV-2 infection test data (n = 4509 tests; 1325 positive) from Public Health England, linked to the UK Biobank study, we explored the contribution of demographic, social, health risk, medical and environmental factors to COVID-19 risk. We used multivariable and penalized logistic regression models for the risk of (i) being tested, (ii) testing positive/negative in the study population and, adopting a test negative design, (iii) the risk of testing positive within the tested population. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, variables independently associated with the risk of being tested for COVID-19 with odds ratio >1.05 were: male sex; Black ethnicity; social disadvantage (as measured by education, housing and income); occupation (healthcare worker, retired, unemployed); ever smoker; severely obese; comorbidities; and greater exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 absorbance. Of these, only male sex, non-White ethnicity and lower educational attainment, and none of the comorbidities or health risk factors, were associated with testing positive among tested individuals. CONCLUSIONS: We adopted a careful and exhaustive approach within a large population-based cohort, which enabled us to triangulate evidence linking male sex, lower educational attainment and non-White ethnicity with the risk of COVID-19. The elucidation of the joint and independent effects of these factors is a high-priority area for further research to inform on the natural history of COVID-19. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot555

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Dendritic Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Still an Unclarified Connection. The ongoing pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has so far infected about 2.42 x 10(7) (as at 27 August 2020) subjects with more than 820,000 deaths. It is the third zoonotic coronavirus-dependent outbreak in the last twenty years and represents a major infective threat for public health worldwide. A main aspect of the infection, in analogy to other viral infections, is the so-called "cytokine storm", an inappropriate molecular response to virus spread which plays major roles in tissue and organ damage. Immunological therapies, including vaccines and humanized monoclonal antibodies, have been proposed as major strategies for prevention and treatment of the disease. Accordingly, a detailed mechanistic knowledge of the molecular events with which the virus infects cells and induces an immunological response appears necessary. In this review, we will report details of the initial process of SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry with major emphasis on the maturation of the spike protein. Then, a particular focus will be devoted to describe the possible mechanisms by which dendritic cells, a major cellular component of innate and adaptive immune responses, may play a role in the spread of the virus in the human body and in the clinical evolution of the disease. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot556

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: The effect of RAS blockers on the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (designated as SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic worldwide. Based on the current reports, hypertension may be associated with increased risk of sever condition in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently identified to functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Previous experimental data revealed ACE2 level was increased following treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Currently doctors concern whether these commonly used renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers-ACEIs/ARBs may increase the severity of COVID-19. Methods: We extracted data regarding 50 hospitalized hypertension patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Feb 7 to Mar 03, 2020. These patients were grouped into RAS blockers group (Group A, n=20) and non-RAS blockers group (Group B, n=30) according to the basic blood pressure medications. All patients continued to use pre-admission antihypertensive drugs. Clinical severity (symptoms, laboratory and chest CT findings, etc.), clinical course, and short time outcome were analyzed after hospital admission. Results: Ten (50%) and seventeen (56.7%) of the Group A and Group B participants were males (P=0.643), and the average age was 52.65+/-13.12 and 67.77+/-12.84 years (P=0.000), respectively. The blood pressure of both groups was under effective control. There was no significant difference in clinical severity, clinical course and in-hospital mortality between Group A and Group B. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P=0.03), and N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) (P=0.04) showed significant lower level in Group A than in Group B. But the patients with more than 0.04ng/mL or elevated NT-proBNP level had no statistical significance between the two groups. In patients over 65 years or under 65 years, cTnI or NT-proBNP level showed no difference between the two groups. Conclusions: We observed there was no obvious difference in clinical characteristics between RAS blockers and non-RAS blockers groups. These data suggest ACEIs/ARBs may have few effects on increasing the clinical severe conditions of COVID-19. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot557

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: The potential association between common comorbidities and severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019: A pooled analysis. BACKGROUD: The association between underlying comorbidities and cardiac injury and the prognosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients was assessed in this study. HYPOTHESIS: The underlying comorbidities and cardiac injury may be associated with the prognosis in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, and The Cochrane library from December 2019 to July 2020. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to estimate the probability of comorbidities and cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients with or without severe type, or in survivors vs nonsurvivors of COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: A total of 124 studies were included in this analysis. A higher risk for severity was observed in COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. The pooled result in patients with hypertension (OR 2.57, 95% CI: 2.12-3.11), diabetes (OR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.89-3.41), cardiovascular diseases (OR 3.86, 95% CI: 2.70-5.52), chronic obstractive pulmonary disease (OR 2.71, 95% CI: 1.98-3.70), chronic kidney disease (OR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.27-3.80), and cancer (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.81-3.22) respectively. All the comorbidities presented a higher risk of mortality. Moreover, the prevalence of acute cardiac injury is higher in severe group than in nonsevere group, and acute cardiac injury is associated with an increased risk for in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Comorbidities and acute cardiac injury are closely associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to continuously monitor related clinical indicators of organs injury and concern comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot558

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: A spatial analysis of the COVID-19 period prevalence in U.S. counties through June 28, 2020: where geography matters? PURPOSE: This study aims to understand how spatial structures, the interconnections between counties, matter in understanding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period prevalence across the United States. METHODS: We assemble a county-level data set that contains COVID-19-confirmed cases through June 28, 2020, and various sociodemographic measures from multiple sources. In addition to an aspatial regression model, we conduct spatial lag, spatial error, and spatial autoregressive combined models to systematically examine the role of spatial structure in shaping geographical disparities in the COVID-19 period prevalence. RESULTS: The aspatial ordinary least squares regression model tends to overestimate the COVID-19 period prevalence among counties with low observed rates, but this issue can be effectively addressed by spatial modeling. Spatial models can better estimate the period prevalence for counties, especially along the Atlantic coasts and through the Black Belt. Overall, the model fit among counties along both coasts is generally good with little variability evident, but in the Plain states, the model fit is conspicuous in its heterogeneity across counties. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial models can help partially explain the geographic disparities in the COVID-19 period prevalence. These models reveal spatial variability in the model fit including identifying regions of the country where the fit is heterogeneous and worth closer attention in the immediate short term. OUTPUT:

Epidemic Forecasting

LitCovid_1shot559

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Companion animals likely do not spread COVID-19 but may get infected themselves. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). From the epidemiological data, the picture emerges that the more severe etiopathologies among COVID-19 patients are found in elderly people. The risk of death due to COVID-19 increases exponentially with age. Eight out of 10 COVID-19 related deaths occur in people older than 65 years of age. Older patients with comorbid conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer have a much higher case fatality rate. Governments and public health authorities all over the world have realized that protections of vulnerable older adults should be a priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was originally transmitted likely from a bat or a pangolin to humans. Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, similar to other coronaviruses, can infect several species of animals, including companion animals such as dogs, cats, and ferrets although their viral loads remain low. While the main source of infection transmission therefore is human to human, there are a few rare cases of pets contracting the infection from a SARS-CoV-2-infected human. Although there is no evidence that pets actively transmit SARS-CoV-2 via animal-to-human transmission, senior pet ownership potentially may pose a small risk to older adults by (1) potentially enabling animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the most vulnerable population and (2) by increasing the exposition risk for the elderly due to the necessity to care for the pet and, in the case of dogs, to take them outside the house several times per day. In this overview, the available evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets is considered and the potential for spread of COVID-19 from companion animals to older individuals and the importance of prevention are discussed. OUTPUT:

Transmission;Prevention

LitCovid_1shot560

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Heart Failure: A Multiparametric Approach. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a debilitating viral infection and, to date, 628,903 people have died from it, numbers that cannot yet be compared to the 50 million who died in the 1918 flu pandemic. As COVID-19 became better understood, cardiovascular manifestations associated with it were identified. This led to a complete healthcare restructuring with virtual clinics and changes to the triaging of critically ill patients. There are a lot of questions over how COVID-19 affects patients with heart failure (HF) as this condition is a leading cause of cardiovascular death. This review describes the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 and new practices surrounding the use of telehealth to follow up and triage patients with HF. Current practices supported by medical societies, the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and, finally, a brief note regarding the management of advanced HF patients will also be discussed. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot561

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic and challenges in stroke care in India. Stroke care in India has evolved rapidly in the last decade with a focus on stroke awareness, prevention, rapid triage, treatment, and rehabilitation. But acute stroke care and poststroke rehabilitation in the country have limitations owing to the economic constraints and poor access to health care. The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has made stroke care even more challenging. We outline the unfavorable circumstances in stroke care induced by the pandemic; propose mitigating measures; crisis management; and provide a comparative evaluation of stroke care between India and the United States during the pandemic. There is a need for public health systems in both developed and developing countries to improve awareness, implement proper strategies of triage, acute treatment, well-defined rehabilitation plans, telemedicine services, and virtual check-ins. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot562

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Epidemiological & clinical characteristics & early outcome of COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India: A preliminary analysis. Background & objectives: In this study we describe the epidemiological data, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, severity of illness and early outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a tertiary care teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. Methods: In this preliminary analysis of a prospective observational study, all adult patients admitted to the screening intensive care unit (ICU) of the institute who fulfilled the WHO case definition of COVID-19 and confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were included. Demographics, clinical data and 24 h outcome were assessed. Results: The preliminary analysis of 235 patients revealed that the mean age was 50.7+/-15.1 yr and 68.1 per cent were male. Fever (68.1%), cough (59.6%) and shortness of breath (71.9%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Hypertension (28.1%) and diabetes mellitus (23.3%) were the most common associated comorbid illnesses. Patients with mild, moderate, severe and critical illness were 18.3, 32.3, 31.1 and 18.3 per cent, respectively, at the time of ICU admission. The proportions (95% confidence interval) of patients requiring any form of oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy by high-flow nasal cannula and invasive mechanical ventilation were 77, 21.7 and 25.5 per cent, respectively, within 24 h of hospital admission. The 24 h ICU mortality was 8.5 per cent, and non-survivors had higher respiratory rate (P <0.01, n=198) and lower baseline oxyhaemoglobin saturation (P <0.001, n=198) at presentation and higher baseline serum lactate (P <0.01, n=122), total leucocyte count (P <0.001, n=186), absolute neutrophil count (P <0.001, n=132), prothrombin time (P <0.05, n=54) and INR (P <0.05, n=54) compared to survivors. Interpretation & conclusions: Nearly half of the patients presented with severe and critical disease and required high-flow nasal oxygen or invasive mechanical ventilation at admission. Severity of the presenting respiratory illness, haematological parameters and lactate rather than age or presence of comorbidity predicted early death within 24 h. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot563

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Impact of covid-19 pandemic on dermatology practice: results of a web-based, global survey. Background: The spectrum and magnitude of changes in dermatology practice induced by the COVID-19 pandemic have not been adequately studied. Objectives: To assess immediate and long-term effects of the pandemic on dermatology practice on a large scale, including the clinical activity of participant, frequency and types of procedures used, and teledermatology (TD) use. Methods: This web-based, global survey included 733 dermatologists. Primary outcomes are percentages of responders providing in-person consultations, hospital service, and TD, and doing procedures. Also, factors in logistic regression models that may influence the Odds Ratio (OR) for TD use during pandemic and for future use. Results: The percentages of responders providing in-person consultations (46.6% vs 100% before), and hospital service (27% vs 52.8% before), and doing procedures (25.6% vs 100% before) decreased while practicing TD increased three-fold (75.2% vs 26.1% before) during pandemic (P < .001 for each). Practice location was associated with TD use during the pandemic and with its expected use in the future (P < .001 for both), with North American responders indicating the highest use. TD use during the pandemic showed a positive correlation with TD use before, performing procedures and, more specifically, with biopsies of suspicious pigmented lesions during pandemic (P < .001 for each). TD use before pandemic was the most powerful predictor of TD use during pandemic (OR, 16.47 [95% CI, 7.12-38.06]). More than two thirds (68.6%) of participants expect to use TD in the future. The factor with the largest increase in OR on the expectation of future TD use was >1,000 COVID-19 cases in the country (OR, 3.80 [95% CI, 2.33-6.21]). Conclusions: This survey indicates a profound immediate effect of the pandemic on dermatology practice. The pandemic appears to have substantially contributed to an increased use of TD in the long-run. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot564

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Current knowledge of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies in healthcare settings: A global analysis. OBJECTIVE: In the current absence of a vaccine for COVID-19, public health responses aim to break the chain of infection by focusing on the mode of transmission. We reviewed the current evidence on the transmission dynamics and on pathogenic and clinical features of COVID-19 to critically identify any gaps in the current infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines. METHODS: In this study, we reviewed global COVID-19 IPC guidelines by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Guidelines from 2 high-income countries (Australia and United Kingdom) and from 1 middle-income country (China) were also reviewed. We searched publications in English on 'PubMed' and Google Scholar. We extracted information related to COVID-19 transmission dynamics, clinical presentations, and exposures that may facilitate transmission. We then compared these findings with the recommended IPC measures. RESULTS: Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings occurs through droplets, aerosols, and the oral-fecal or fecal-droplet route. However, the IPC guidelines fail to cover all transmission modes, and the recommendations also conflict with each other. Most guidelines recommend surgical masks for healthcare providers during routine care and N95 respirators for aerosol-generating procedures. However, recommendations regarding the type of face mask varied, and the CDC recommends cloth masks when surgical masks are unavailable. CONCLUSION: IPC strategies should consider all the possible routes of transmission and should target all patient care activities involving risk of person-to-person transmission. This review may assist international health agencies in updating their guidelines. OUTPUT:

Transmission;Prevention

LitCovid_1shot565

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Views and experiences of dermatologists in Turkey about teledermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: Teledermatology is an alternative medical science that allows evaluation of patient's clinical information over a distance without requiring face-to-face examination. Due to COVID-19, social distancing has become important these days, and teledermatology can help physicians and patients in overcoming the barriers of accessing health care. AIM: In this study, we aim to evaluate how dermatologists in our country have viewed and experienced teledermatology during the pandemic through surveys. PATIENTS/METHODS: The study was carried out by using an online survey for evaluating the teledermatology experiences of dermatologists in Turkey and how they have viewed teledermatology during the 2-month pandemic period and the 2-month prepandemic period. RESULTS: The number of patients evaluated with teledermatology methods was found to be significantly higher in the pandemic period when compared with the prepandemic period. The rates of using video calls with mobile phone and online video calls were found to be significantly higher in the pandemic period when compared with the prepandemic period. CONCLUSION: Our study results show that the teledermatology method had a higher rate of usage compared to before the pandemic. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot566

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: [Point-of-care testing: place of France in the world National survey in healthcare establisments in 2019]. The point-of-care tests (POCT) are subject to accreditation. A national inventory survey provides a synthesis of knowledge. The survey distributed 31 questions in 2019. 147 responses were received (75% biologists, 49% CHU, 42% CHG). Only 20.41% are accredited ISO22870, the majority for <50% of the medical departments; 70% say they are going there at the end of 2019 or in 2020. The maps are unknown for 32% (EBMD) and 82% (TROD). Visibility is poor with: medical establishment committee (40%), IT department (31%). Connection is necessary for 87-95% depending on the criterion (QC, authorizations, etc.) and 66% of answers highlight that less than 50% of connexion is effective. The major advantage is the delay of the result (62.5%), then the relationship with the health teams (33.3%). The disadvantages: difficulty of the quality approach (45%), cost of tests (34.3%). Human resource requirements are identified for technicians (82%) and biologists (76%). The multiplicity of sites, devices and operators means that it is difficult to set up and maintain. Biology outside the laboratories, under biological responsibility, must meet a rigorous imperative quality approach. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot567

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the fracture demographics: Data from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types and the frequency of fractures, both in the pediatric and adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to find out the differences in comparison to the non-pandemic period. METHODS: Patients who were admitted to the hospital with a new fracture during pandemic period (March 16 to May 22, 2020) were evaluated. Control group consisted of patients with new fractures admitted to the hospital in the same date range in 2018 and 2019. The patients were divided into two groups as </=16 years old (group 1) and >16 years old (group 2). The evaluation was based on the age and gender of the patients and localization of the fractures. Hospitalized and surgically treated patients were evaluated as well. RESULTS: A total of 1794, 1747, and 670 fractures were observed in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. Mean age of the patients in group 1 was found to have decreased in the pandemic period (p<0.001). The most common fracture sites in the pediatric population were the distal forearm and distal arm, whereas hand, distal forearm, and foot were most common fracture sites in adults, in both pandemic and non-pandemic periods. The proportional increase in femoral and tibial shaft fractures in group 1, and toe, tibial shaft, and metacarpal fractures in group 2 was found to be statistically significantly (p<0.05). In group 1; 6.8%, 7.7%, and 14.6% of the fractures were treated surgically in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively (p<0.001). For group 2, these rates were 20.1%, 18.6%, and 18.1%, respectively (p=0.67). There were 48, 29, and 26 open fractures in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively (p=0.066). In pandemic period, duration of the hospital stay was significantly shorter for distal humerus and proximal femur fractures (p values= 0.001 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSION: We observed that the frequency of fractures decreased by approximately one-third during the pandemic period compared with that in the non-pandemic period. The mean age of the patients with a fracture in the pediatric group was found to have decreased also. Finger fractures in pediatric patients and metatarsal fractures in adult patients were found to have significantly decreased during the pandemic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Diagnostic study. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot568

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Estimating the prevalence and risk of COVID-19 among international travelers and evacuees of Wuhan through modeling and case reports. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China and has spread through other provinces and countries through infected travelers. On January 23rd, 2020, China issued a quarantine and travel ban on Wuhan because travelers from Wuhan were thought to account for the majority of exported COVID-19 cases to other countries. Additionally, countries evacuated their citizens from Wuhan after institution of the travel ban. Together, these two populations account for the vast majority of the "total cases with travel history to China" as designated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The current study aims to assess the prevalence and risk of COVID-19 among international travelers and evacuees of Wuhan. We first used case reports from Japan, Singapore, and Korea to investigate the date of flights of infected travelers. We then used airline traveler data and the number of infected exported cases to correlate the cases with the number of travelers for multiple countries. Our findings suggest that the risk of COVID-19 infection is highest among Wuhan travelers between January 19th and 22nd, 2020, with an approximate infection rate of up to 1.3% among international travelers. We also observed that evacuee infection rates varied heavily between countries and propose that the timing of the evacuation and COVID-19 testing of asymptomatic evacuees played significant roles in the infection rates among evacuees. These findings suggest COVID-19 cases and infectivity are much higher than previous estimates, including numbers from the WHO and the literature, and that some estimates of the infectivity of COVID-19 may need re-assessment. OUTPUT:

Prevention;Epidemic Forecasting

LitCovid_1shot569

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Unique New York City Public Hospital Experience. To explore demographics, comorbidities, transfers, and mortality in critically ill patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Data were collected from a large tertiary care public hospital ICU that is part of the largest public healthcare network in the United States. Patients: One-hundred thirty-seven adult (>/= 18 yr old) ICU patients admitted between March 10, 2020, and April 7, 2020, with follow-up collected through May 18, 2020. Interventions: None. Measurements: Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data extracted from electronic medical records. Main Results: The majority of patients were male (99/137; 72.3%) and older than 50 years old (108/137; 78.9%). The most reported ethnicity and race were Hispanic (61/137; 44.5%) and Black (23/137; 16.7%). One-hundred six of 137 patients had at least one comorbidity (77.4%). One-hundred twenty-one of 137 (78.1%) required mechanical ventilation of whom 30 (24.8%) moved to tracheostomy and 46 of 137 (33.6%) required new onset renal replacement therapy. Eighty-two of 137 patients (59.9%) died after a median of 8 days (interquartile range 5-15 d) in the ICU. Male sex had a trend toward a higher hazard of death (hazard ratio, 2.1 [1.1-4.0]) in the multivariable Cox model. Conclusions: We report a mortality rate of 59.9% in a predominantly Hispanic and Black patient population. A significant association between comorbidities and mortality was not found in multivariable regression, and further research is needed to study factors that impact mortality in critical coronavirus disease 2019 patients. We also describe how a public hospital developed innovative approaches to safely manage a large volume of interhospital transfers and admitted patients. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot570

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Possible formation of pulmonary microthrombi in the early puerperium of pregnant women critically ill with COVID-19: Two case reports. Background: Limited data are available on the management of pregnant women with severe or critical forms of COVID-19, such as the optimal timing of provider-initiated delivery, and post-partum care, including antithrombotic prophylaxis. We present the clinical course, pre- and post-partum management, and outcomes of two pregnant women critically ill with COVID-19. Cases: Both women had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with rapid clinical decompensation that required admission to the intensive care unit, intubation, and delivery by emergency cesarean section at 32 and 29 weeks. Both patients clinically improved in the first two postoperative days, but this was followed by clinical, laboratory and radiological deterioration on the third postoperative day; however, they both improved again after full anticoagulation. This pattern suggests the possible formation of pulmonary microthrombi in the early puerperium. We discuss the challenges faced by the multiprofessional team in the management of these patients. Conclusions: There are few resources to guide health professionals caring for pregnant women with critical COVID-19. These two cases contribute to the rapidly evolving knowledge on the management and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19. OUTPUT:

Case Report

LitCovid_1shot571

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Are Myths and Preconceptions Preventing us from Applying Ionic Liquid Forms of Antiviral Medicines to the Current Health Crisis? At the moment, there are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA)-approved drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, although several antiviral drugs are available for repurposing. Many of these drugs suffer from polymorphic transformations with changes in the drug's safety and efficacy; many are poorly soluble, poorly bioavailable drugs. Current tools to reformulate antiviral APIs into safer and more bioavailable forms include pharmaceutical salts and cocrystals, even though it is difficult to classify solid forms into these regulatory-wise mutually exclusive categories. Pure liquid salt forms of APIs, ionic liquids that incorporate APIs into their structures (API-ILs) present all the advantages that salt forms provide from a pharmaceutical standpoint, without being subject to solid-state matter problems. In this perspective article, the myths and the most voiced concerns holding back implementation of API-ILs are examined, and two case studies of API-ILs antivirals (the amphoteric acyclovir and GSK2838232) are presented in detail, with a focus on drug property improvement. We advocate that the industry should consider the advantages of API-ILs which could be the genesis of disruptive innovation and believe that in order for the industry to grow and develop, the industry should be comfortable with a certain element of risk because progress often only comes from trying something different. OUTPUT:

Treatment

LitCovid_1shot572

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Early spring near-surface ozone in Europe during the COVID-19 shutdown: Meteorological effects outweigh emission changes. This paper analyses the impact of the control measures during the COVID-19 lockdown in Europe (15 March-30 April 2020) on 1-h daily maximum nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and maximum daily 8-h running average ozone (MDA8 O3) observations obtained from the European Environment Agency's air quality database (AirBase). Daily maximum NO2 decreased consistently over the whole continent, with relative reductions ranging from 5% to 55% with respect to the same period in 2015-2019 for 80% of the sites considered (10th - 90th percentiles). However, MDA8 O3 concentrations showed a different pattern, decreasing over Iberia and increasing elsewhere. In particular, a large region from northwestern to central Europe experienced increases of 10-22% at urban background stations, reaching typical values of the summer season. The analysis of the expected NO2 and O3 concentrations in the absence of the lockdown, using generalised additive models fed by reanalysis meteorological data, shows that the low NO2 concentrations were mostly attributed to the emission reductions while O3 anomalies were dominated by the meteorology. The relevance of each meteorological variable depends on the location. The positive O3 anomalies in northwestern and central Europe were mostly associated with elevated temperatures, low specific humidity and enhanced solar radiation. This pattern could be an analogue to study the limits of pollution control policies under climate change scenarios. On the other hand, the O3 reduction in Iberia is mostly attributable to the low solar radiation and high specific humidity, although the reduced zonal wind also played a role in the proximity of the Iberian Mediterranean coast. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot573

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: DISPERSION OF A NEW CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2 BY AIRLINES IN 2020: TEMPORAL ESTIMATES OF THE OUTBREAK IN MEXICO. Background: On January 23, 2020, China imposed a quarantine on the city of Wuhan to contain the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Regardless of this measure, the new infection has spread to several countries around the world. Objective: We developed a method to study the dissemination of this infection by airline routes and provide estimations of the time of arrival of the outbreak to different cities. Methods: Using the Kermack and McKendrick model complemented with diffusion on a graph composed of nodes and edges, we made an analysis of COVID-19 dispersion to other cities by air travel. Results: The estimation was accurate in that it was possible to predict in the middle of February 2020 the arrival of the first outbreak in Mexico, which eventually occurred between March 20 and 30. This estimation was robust with respect to small changes in epidemiological parameters at the other nodes. Conclusions: The estimation of the time of arrival of the outbreak from its epicenter, allows for a time period to implement and strengthen preventive measures aimed at the general population as well as to strengthen hospital infrastructure and training of human resources. In the present study, this estimation was accurate, as observed from the real data of the beginning of the outbreak in Mexico City up to April 6, 2020. OUTPUT:

Prevention;Epidemic Forecasting

LitCovid_1shot574

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Telehealth: Synopsis. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the Australian medical landscape, especially in relation to how we need to provide clinical care in general practice. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot575

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: COVID-19 patients benefit from early antiviral treatment: A comparative, retrospective study. The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, started in December 2019, Wuhan, China. We aimed to figure out the time-point and duration of using antiviral drugs for receiving the maximal effects in patients with COVID-19. In this study, we enrolled 129 confirmed COVID-19 mild to moderate patients who had been treated with antiviral drugs during their hospitalization in Wuhan Union Hospital China. The patients were divided into an early antiviral treatment group and late antiviral treatment group. The demographic data, laboratory tests, the virus clearance time, chest computed tomography scans, and so forth were extracted, calculated, and compared between two groups. Our data showed that the median time from illness onset to initiation of antiviral treatment was 6 days in all patients. The group with early antiviral treatment demonstrated 7 days shorter in the virus clearance time when compared to the group with late antiviral treatment. After virus clearance, the group with early antiviral treatment showed milder illness than the group with late antiviral treatment. Early antiviral treatment could effectively shorten the virus clearance time, and prevent the rapid progression of COVID-19. Therefore, the COVID-19 patients should receive combined therapies with antiviral treatment at an early stage. OUTPUT:

Treatment

LitCovid_1shot576

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Clinico-Biological Features and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Severe COVID-19. Advanced age or preexisting comorbidities have been characterized as risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases requiring hospitalization and intensive care. In recent years, clonal hematopoiesis (CH) of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has emerged as a risk factor for chronic inflammatory background and subsequent aging-associated diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify biological factors (particularly leukocyte subtypes and inflammatory markers) associated with a risk of clinical deterioration (i.e., orotracheal intubation (OTI)) and to determine whether CH was likely to influence clinical and biological behavior in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Here, we describe clinical and biological features, including the screening of CHIP mutants in a well-annotated cohort of 122 hospitalized patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (55% requiring OTI). We showed that elevated white blood cell counts, especially neutrophils and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at admission, were associated with an increased requirement of OTI. We noticed a high prevalence of CH (25%, 38%, 56%, and 82% of patients aged <60 years, 60-70 years, 70-80 years, and >80 years) compared to a retrospective cohort of patients free of hematological malignancy explored with the same pipelines (10%, 21%, 37%, and 44%). However, the existence of CH did not significantly impact clinical outcome, including OTI or death, and did not correlate with other laboratory findings. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis;Treatment

LitCovid_1shot577

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: [Conventional respiratory support therapy for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI): Clinical indications and nosocomial infection prevention and control]. Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) diseases (such as SARS, MERS, pH1N1) can rapidly progress to acute respiratory failure with high lethality. The outbreak of a novel coronavirus infection can lead to 15%~ 30% patients developing into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Respiratory support is the most important therapy for SARI patients with respiratory failure. However, respiratory support is a high skilled technology, which means inappropriate application may bring related complications and cross infection of SARI pathogens among medical staff and non-medical personnel in hospital. Therefore, it is meaningful to established a standardized indication of respiratory support and to prevent related nosocomial transmission in SARI patients. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Prevention

LitCovid_1shot578

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Neurosurgical Referral Patterns During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A United Kingdom Experience. BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory viral illness that has spread rapidly across the world. However, the United Kingdom has been particularly affected. Evidence has suggested that stroke, cardiac, and spinal presentations decreased during the pandemic as the public avoided seeking care. The effect on neurosurgical presentations and referrals during COVID-19 is unclear. Our aim, therefore, was to describe the referral patterns to a high-volume neurosurgical department in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Electronic referrals were identified from the referrals database from January 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020, inclusive, with January used as the baseline. The demographic data and referral diagnoses were captured on Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington, USA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA). Differences between referral volumes were evaluated using chi(2) goodness-of-fit tests. RESULTS: A total of 2293 electronic referrals had been received during the study period. The median age was 63 years. Overall, the referrals had decreased significantly in volume during the study period [chi(2)(4) = 60.95; P < 0.001]. We have described the patterns in the daily referrals as the pandemic progressed. The reduction in the volume of referrals for degenerative spine cases and traumatic brain injuries was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The referrals for degenerative spine and traumatic brain injuries decreased significantly during the pandemic, which can be explained by the lower vehicular traffic and patient avoidance of healthcare services, respectively. The risk of neurological deterioration and increased morbidity and mortality, as a consequence, is of concern, and neurosurgeons worldwide should consider the optimal strategies to mitigate these risks as the pandemic eases. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot579

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Featuring COVID-19 cases via screening symptomatic patients with epidemiologic link during flu season in a medical center of central Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CO-V-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China has now rapidly spread over 50 countries. For the prevention and control of infection, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control initiated testing of SARS-CoV-2 on January 24th 2020 for persons suspected with this disease. Until February 28th, 43 flu-like symptomatic patients were screened in China Medical University Hospital. METHODS: Two patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by rRT-PCR as COVID-19 patients A and B. Causative pathogens for included patients were detected using FilmArray Respiratory Panel. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical presentations, laboratory data, radiologic findings, and travel and exposure contact histories, of the COVID-19 patients in comparison to those with other respiratory infections. RESULTS: Through contact with Taiwan No. 19 case patient on 27th January, COVID-19 patients A and B were infected. Both patients had no identified comorbidities and developed mild illness with temporal fever, persistent cough, and lung interstitial infiltrates. Owing to the persistence of positive SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimen, the two COVID-19 patients are still in the isolation rooms despite recovery until 10th of March. The results of FilmArrayTM Respiratory Panel revealed 22 of the 41 non-COVID-19 patients were infected by particular pathogens. In general, seasonal respiratory pathogens are more prevalent than SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients in non- COVID-19 endemic area during the flu season. Since all patients shared similar clinical and laboratory findings, expanded surveillance of detailed exposure history for suspected patients and application of rapid detection tools are highly recommended. OUTPUT:

Mechanism;Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot580

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Impact of comorbidities on patients with COVID-19: A large retrospective study in Zhejiang, China. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Here, we stratified COVID-19 patients based on their comorbidities to assess their risk of serious adverse outcomes. We collected 856 hospitalized cases diagnosed with COVID-19 from 17 January to 7 February 2020, in Zhejiang Province, and analyzed their comorbidities and composite endpoint (including admission to intensive care unit owing to disease progression, shock, invasive ventilation, and death) to determine the relationship between comorbidities and adverse outcomes. The median age of patients was 46 (36-56) years; 439 (51.3%) were men, 242 (28.3%) had comorbidities, and 152 (17.8%) had two or more comorbidities. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (142 [16.6%]), followed by diabetes (64 [7.5%]). Of the 856 patients, there are 154 (18.0%) severe cases. Thirty-two (3.7%) reached composite endpoints, of which 22 (9.1%) were from the comorbidity group and 10 (1.6%) from the non-comorbidity group (P < .001). After adjusting for age and gender status, the risk of reaching the composite endpoint was higher in the group with comorbidity than in that without comorbidity (hazard ratio [HR] 3.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40-6.60). HR values for patients with one, two, and three or more comorbidities were 1.61 (95% CI: 0.44-5.91), 3.44 (95% CI: 1.31-9.08), and 6.90 (95% CI: 2.69-17.69), respectively. COVID-19 patients with comorbidities had worse clinical outcomes as compared with those without any comorbidity. The higher the number of comorbidities, the greater was the risk of serious adverse outcomes. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis;Treatment

LitCovid_1shot581

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Overdoses in Indianapolis. We described the change in drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in one urban emergency medical services (EMS) system. Data was collected from Marion County, Indiana (Indianapolis), including EMS calls for service (CFS) for suspected overdose, CFS in which naloxone was administered, and fatal overdose data from the County Coroner's Office. With two sample t tests and ARIMA time series forecasting, we showed changes in the daily rates of calls (all EMS CFS, overdose CFS, and CFS in which naloxone was administered) before and after the stay-at-home order in Indianapolis. We further showed differences in the weekly rate of overdose deaths. Overdose CFS and EMS naloxone administration showed an increase with the social isolation of the Indiana stay-at-home order, but a continued increase after the stay-at-home order was terminated. Despite a mild 4% increase in all EMS CFS, overdose CFS increased 43% and CFS with naloxone administration increased 61% after the stay-at-home order. Deaths from drug overdoses increased by 47%. There was no change in distribution of age, race/ethnicity, or zip code of those who overdosed after the stay-at-home order was issued. We hope this data informs policy-makers preparing for future COVID-19 responses and other disaster responses. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot582

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on municipal solid waste management: Challenges and opportunities. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global emergency and has raised social and economic concerns which will also spill over to environmental issues. Amid this natural experiment, current study evaluates prevailing municipal solid waste (MSW) management practices, with the emphasis on MSW treatment and disposal facilities in select developed and developing countries. The data and information used in this paper is collected from several scientific research papers from different disciplines, publications from governments and multilateral agencies and media reports. Despite limited literature on MSW management during such pandemics, this article presets a global backdrop of MSW management during COVID-19 outbreak and examines various aspects of MSW management. Discussion includes identifying parameters of disease transmission through solid waste handling, consequences of medical waste surge on current municipal waste treatment and disposal systems. Further, based on previous pandemic and disaster waste management studies, this study also presents challenges and opportunities in the aftermath of the ongoing pandemic. The paper recommends alternatives approaches for MSW treatment and disposal and outlines the future scope of work to achieve sustainable waste management during and aftermath of the pandemics. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot583

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Viral Vectors Applied for RNAi-Based Antiviral Therapy. RNA interference (RNAi) provides the means for alternative antiviral therapy. Delivery of RNAi in the form of short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) have demonstrated efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases. Bioinformatics has played an important role in the design of efficient RNAi sequences targeting various pathogenic viruses. However, stability and delivery of RNAi molecules have presented serious obstacles for reaching therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, RNA modifications and formulation of nanoparticles have proven useful for non-viral delivery of RNAi molecules. On the other hand, utilization of viral vectors and particularly self-replicating RNA virus vectors can be considered as an attractive alternative. In this review, examples of antiviral therapy applying RNAi-based approaches in various animal models will be described. Due to the current coronavirus pandemic, a special emphasis will be dedicated to targeting Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot584

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Hydroxychloroquine versus Azithromycin for Hospitalized Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 (HAHPS). Protocol for a Pragmatic, Open-Label, Active Comparator Trial. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal illness with no proven therapy beyond excellent supportive care. Treatments are urgently sought. Adaptations to traditional trial logistics and design to allow rapid implementation, evaluation of trials within a global trials context, flexible interim monitoring, and access outside traditional research hospitals (even in settings where formal placebos are unavailable) may be helpful. Thoughtful adaptations to traditional trial designs, especially within the global context of related studies, may also foster collaborative relationships among government, community, and the research enterprise. Here, we describe the protocol for a pragmatic, active comparator trial in as many as 300 patients comparing two current "off-label" treatments for COVID-19-hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin-in academic and nonacademic hospitals in Utah. We developed the trial in response to local pressures for widespread, indiscriminate off-label use of these medications. We used a hybrid Bayesian-frequentist design for interim monitoring to allow rapid, contextual assessment of the available evidence. We also developed an inference grid for interpreting the range of possible results from this trial within the context of parallel trials and prepared for a network meta-analysis of the resulting data. This trial was prospectively registered (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04329832) before enrollment of the first patient.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04329832). OUTPUT:

Treatment

LitCovid_1shot585

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Covidom, a Telesurveillance Solution for Home Monitoring Patients With COVID-19. In a matter of months, COVID-19 has escalated from a cluster of cases in Wuhan, China, to a global pandemic. As the number of patients with COVID-19 grew, solutions for the home monitoring of infected patients became critical. This viewpoint presents a telesurveillance solution-Covidom-deployed in the greater Paris area to monitor patients with COVID-19 in their homes. The system was rapidly developed and is being used on a large scale with more than 65,000 registered patients to date. The Covidom solution combines an easy-to-use and free web application for patients (through which patients fill out short questionnaires on their health status) with a regional control center that monitors and manages alerts (triggered by questionnaire responses) from patients whose health may be deteriorating. This innovative solution could alleviate the burden of health care professionals and systems while allowing for rapid response when patients trigger an alert. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot586

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and immune system profile in specific subgroups with COVID-19. BACKGROUND: The identification of vulnerable subgroups and risk factors associated with the susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are of utmost importance in a pandemic scenario. Potential interactions between renin-angiotensin system (RAS), immune markers and COVID-19 play a role in disease outcome in specific groups of patients. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to describe the particularities of the RAS and the immune system profile of particular subgroups of patients. METHODS: This non-systematic review summarizes evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection in specific subgroups of patients and possible relationships between immune system, RAS and the pathophysiology of COVID-19. RESULTS: The RAS and the immune system exert a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of COVID-19, mainly in cases of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and other chronic diseases. The overactivation of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis and the enhancement of inflammation contribute to deleterious effects of COVID-19. Likewise, pregnant women and elderly patients usually display immune responses that are less effective in withstanding exposition to viruses, while children are relatively protected against severe complications of COVID-19. Women, conversely, exhibit stronger antiviral responses and are less sensitive to the effects of increased Ang II. Future Perspectives: The recognition of vulnerable subgroups and risk factors for disease severity are essential to better understand the pandemic. Precision medicine tools, including proteomics and metabolomics approaches, identified metabolic patterns of the severe form of disease and might be the alternative to diagnose, evaluate and predict the prognosis and the efficiency of therapies. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Diagnosis;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot587

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Stroke in COVID-19: a single-centre initial experience in a hotspot of the pandemic. BACKGROUND: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic that has been an immense burden on healthcare systems all over the world. These patients may be at higher risk for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). We present our experience with AIS in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We reviewed all patients admitted to our hospital during a 6-week period with a positive nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2. Among these patients, we identified AIS. We reviewed the demographics, clinical, laboratory, imaging characteristics, treatments received and outcomes of AIS in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: We identified 683 patients admitted with COVID-19 during the study period, of which 20 patients had AIS. Large-vessel occlusion (LVO) was noted in 11 patients (55%). Intravenous alteplase was administered in four patients (20%) and mechanical thrombectomy was performed in five patients (25%). Respiratory symptoms preceded the onset of AIS in most of the patients (70%) by 1 to 21 days. Mortality in patients with AIS was 50% compared with 26% of all COVID-19 admissions. Most of these patients died due to non-neurological causes (70%). Three patients with AIS had clinical and imaging findings consistent with COVID-19, but were negative for multiple nasopharyngeal swab tests. INTERPRETATION: LVO was more common in patients with AIS and COVID-19. They had more severe disease and higher mortality rates. Most of the patients had respiratory symptoms preceding AIS by days to weeks. This could explain certain patients with clinical picture of COVID-19 but negative nasopharyngeal swab tests. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot588

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Self-reported alteration of sense of smell or taste in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 3563 patients. BACKGROUND: Emerging reports suggest that new onset of smell or taste loss are potential early clinical markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it remains unclear as to what extent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to systematically assess the prevalence of self-reported altered sense of smell or taste in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, overcoming the limitations of individual studies by meta-analysis of pooled data. METHODS: The databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and MedRxiv's set were searched from inception to the 4th May 2020. This study was conducted following the PRISMA checklist. RESULTS: 18 studies met the eligibility criteria out of the 171 initially screened citations. The overall prevalence of alteration of the sense of smell or taste was 47% , but estimates were 31% and 67% in severe and mild-to-moderate symptomatic patients, respec- tively. The loss of smell and taste preceded other symptoms in 20% of cases and it was concomitant in 28%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this meta-analysis, we recommend self-isolation and testing, where possible, for patients complaining smell or taste impairment during COVID-19 pandemic in order to prevent spread of disease and propose the inclusion of loss of smell and taste as recognized symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in the World Health Organization and other relevant regulatory body's lists. OUTPUT:

Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot589

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Most frequent South Asian haplotypes of ACE2 share identity by descent with East Eurasian populations. It was shown that the human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor of recent coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and variation in this gene may affect the susceptibility of a population. Therefore, we have analysed the sequence data of ACE2 among 393 samples worldwide, focusing on South Asia. Genetically, South Asians are more related to West Eurasian populations rather than to East Eurasians. In the present analyses of ACE2, we observed that the majority of South Asian haplotypes are closer to East Eurasians rather than to West Eurasians. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the South Asian haplotypes shared with East Eurasians involved two unique event polymorphisms (rs4646120 and rs2285666). In contrast with the European/American populations, both of the SNPs have largely similar frequencies for East Eurasians and South Asians, Therefore, it is likely that among the South Asians, host susceptibility to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 will be more similar to that of East Eurasians rather than to that of Europeans. OUTPUT:

Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot590

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Unexpected SARS-CoV-2 cardiorespiratory arrest in a myopathy patient undergoing immunosuppressive treatment: A case report. RATIONALE: It is recommended that patients with Rheumatic diseases that are at high risk of developing active infections be screened for Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C before receiving second-line immunosuppressive therapies. With the emergence 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), expanded guidelines have not been proposed for screening in these patients before starting advanced therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present an unique circumstance whereas a patient with a 5 year history of inflammatory muscle disease, diagnosed by clinical history and muscle biopsy with elevated creatine kinase levels, suffered a hypoxemic cardiopulmonary arrest due to asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 after receiving advanced immunosuppressive therapy. DIAGNOSES: The patient presented with an acute exacerbation of inflammatory muscle disease with dysphagia, muscle weakness, and elevated creatine kinase. INTERVENTIONS: After no improvement with intravenous immunoglobulin the patient received mycophenolate and plasma exchange therapy. OUTCOMES: Subsequently the patient suffered a fatal hypoxemic cardiopulmonary arrest. Polymerase chain reaction test was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. LESSONS: We conclude that rheumatic patients, asymptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 infection, be screened and tested before initiating second-line immunosuppressive treatment. OUTPUT:

Case Report

LitCovid_1shot591

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Incidence of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients With COVID-19 and Pulmonary Embolism: Compression Ultrasound COVID Study. OBJECTIVES: Several reports had observed a high risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), most of them in the intensive care unit. Reported findings indicate that a direct viral-mediated hyperinflammatory response leads to local thromboinflammation. According to those findings, the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with COVID-19 and PE should be low. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of DVT in patients with COVID-19 who developed PE. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, consecutive patients hospitalized in the internal medicine ward with a diagnosis of COVID-19 who developed PE were screened for DVT in the lower extremities with complete compression ultrasound. RESULTS: The study comprised 26 patients. Fifteen patients (57.7%) were male. The median age was 60 years (interquartile range, 54-73 years). Compression ultrasound findings were positive for DVT in 2 patients (7.7%; 95% confidence interval, 3.6%-11.7%). Patients with DVT had central and bilateral PE. In both, venous thromboembolism was diagnosed in the emergency department, so they did not receive previous prophylactic therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin. Patients without DVT had higher median d-dimer levels: 25,688 mug/dL (interquartile range, 80,000-1210 mug/dL) versus 5310 mug/dL (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a low incidence of DVT in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 and PE. This observation suggests that PE in these patients could be produced mainly by a local thromboinflammatory syndrome induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and not by a thromboembolic event. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Diagnosis

LitCovid_1shot592

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 disease: Preliminary report on seven patients. There is some evidence that Covid 19 pneumonia is associated with prothrombotic status and increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). Over a two-week period we admitted in our Unit 25 patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, of these pulmonary embolism was diagnosed using computed tomography angiography in 7. We report on clinical and biochemical features of these patients. They were all males, with a mean age of 70.3 years (range 58-84); traditional risk factors for venous thromboembolism were identified in the majority of patients with pulmonary embolism, however not differently from those without pulmonary embolism. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism patients was usually characterized by persistence or worsening of respiratory symptoms, with increasing oxygen requirement. D-dimer levels were several fold higher than the upper threshold of normal; in patients in whom PE was recognized during hospital stay, a rapid and relevant increase of D-dimer levels was observed. Computed tomographic findings ranged from massive acute pulmonary embolism to a segmental or sub-segmental pattern; furthermore, thrombosis of sub-segmental pulmonary arteries within lung infiltrates were occasionally seen, suggesting local mechanisms. Six out of 7 patients were treated with unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin with clinical benefit within few days; one patient needed systemic thrombolysis (death from hemorrhagic complication). OUTPUT:

Diagnosis;Treatment

LitCovid_1shot593

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Public Perceptions and Commitment to Social Distancing "Staying-at-Home" During COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey in Saudi Arabia. Objective: Social distancing measures, such as stay-at-home, are currently implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the awareness and adherence of the Saudi population to these measures. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was designed with 16 questions (eight questions related to demographics, three related to the awareness of social distancing (stay-at-home) and five related to the overall practice of social distancing). Results: A total of 5105 participants completed the survey [58.4% females, 66.3% young individuals (aged 18-37 years), 55.8% bachelor degree holders and 51.0% from the western region]. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) was the main source of information about COVID-19 for most of the participants (78.2%). High awareness (81.3%) regarding stay-at-home was observed, associated mainly with female participants, those from the middle region and those with a high education and income. The overall implementation of social distancing was satisfactory (score 3.13/5), with 37.8% never leaving home during the stay-at-home period. Better adherence to social distancing was observed among female participants, higher degree holders and those aged over 38 years. Conclusion: Organised plans by the Saudi MOH have been effective in raising awareness and improving the practice of social distancing among public. However, the observed lower practice of social distancing by individuals with a lower education and income indicates the need for targeted interventions to achieve better outcomes. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot594

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: COVID's Razor: RAS Imbalance, the Common Denominator Across Disparate, Unexpected Aspects of COVID-19. A modern iteration of Occam's Razor posits that "the simplest explanation is usually correct." Coronavirus Disease 2019 involves widespread organ damage and uneven mortality demographics, deemed unexpected from what was originally thought to be "a straightforward respiratory virus." The simplest explanation is that both the expected and unexpected aspects of COVID-19 share a common mechanism. Silent hypoxia, atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stroke, olfactory loss, myocarditis, and increased mortality rates in the elderly, in men, in African-Americans, and in patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer-all bear the fingerprints of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance, suggesting that RAS is the common culprit. This article examines what RAS is and how it works, then from that baseline, the article presents the evidence suggesting RAS involvement in the disparate manifestations of COVID-19. Understanding the deeper workings of RAS helps one make sense of severe COVID-19. In addition, recognizing the role of RAS imbalance suggests potential routes to mitigate COVID-19 severity. OUTPUT:

Treatment;Mechanism

LitCovid_1shot595

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Current Status of COVID-19 Therapies and Drug Repositioning Applications. The rapid and global spread of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an immediate urgency to discover promising targets for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning is an attractive approach that can facilitate the drug discovery process by repurposing existing pharmaceuticals to treat illnesses other than their primary indications. Here, we review current information concerning the global health issue of COVID-19 including promising approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials for prospective treatment options. In addition, we describe computational approaches to be used in drug repurposing and highlight examples of in silico studies of drug development efforts against SARS-CoV-2. OUTPUT:

Treatment

LitCovid_1shot596

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: A Cuban Physician on the Front Lines in Barcelona Reflects on COVID-19 Responses in Europe and Cuba. Several territorial governments in Spain are considering inviting Cuban doctors to participate in the fi ght against the coronavirus epidemic, just as they have done in Italy and Andorra...Cuba's healthcare culture is different from Europe's, and the response to the epidemic likely would have been different if criteria were used similar to those followed in Cuba. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot597

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Amplifying the Patient Voice: Key Priorities and Opportunities for Improved Transplant and Living Donor Advocacy and Outcomes During COVID-19 and Beyond. Purpose of Review: To define patient advocacy and engagement for modern transplant and living donation care, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, describe the patient experience when transplant advocacy and engagement are optimized, and recommend opportunities for advocacy within three key areas: (1) including the patient voice in healthcare decisions and drug development, (2) access to the best evidence-based treatments and informed decision-making, and (3) present and future care innovations and policies. Recent Findings: There are many avenues for transplant and living donation advocacy and engagement at the patient, provider, family, system, community, and policy levels. Key recommendations include the following: (1) simplifying education to be health literate, written at the appropriate reading level, culturally sensitive, and available in multiple languages and across many delivery platforms, (2) inviting transplant patients and donors to the conversation through advisory panels, consensus conferences, and new mediums like digital storytelling and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), (3) training all members of the health team to understand their role as advocates, and (4) advancing policies and programs that support the financial neutrality of living donation, and support recipients with the cost of immunosuppressive drugs. Key recommendations specific to the COVID-19 pandemic include providing up-to-date, health literate, concise information about preventing COVID-19 and accessing care including telehealth. Summary: Enhancing advocacy and engagement for transplant patients and donors along the pre-to-post transplant/donation continuum can improve clinical outcomes and quality of life generally, and more so, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. OUTPUT:

Prevention

LitCovid_1shot598

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: COVID-19 treatment: Much research and testing, but far, few magic bullets against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The new virus of the of beta-Coronaviruses genus, SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and is winning a proverbial chess match against all players simultaneous, including physicians, clinicians, pathologists, doctors, scientists, economists, athletes and politicians. The COVID-19 outbreak has seriously threatened public health, killing the most vulnerable persons and causing general panic. To stop this disease, effective remedies (i.e., drugs, vaccines, personal protection elements, etc.) are urgently required. Unfortunately, no registered specific therapies (including antiviral therapies, immune-modulating agents and vaccines) are currently available to treat coronavirus infections, highlighting an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. In this work, fourteen existing small molecule drugs or/and experimental drugs selected by experts and examined from the point of view of bioavailability via the Lipinski-Veber rules and assessment of their physicochemical descriptors. The aim of this study is to discover selected pattern similarities and peculiar characteristics that could be useful for antiviral drug optimization, drug combination or new antiviral agent design. OUTPUT:

Treatment

LitCovid_1shot599

***TASK*** The task is to decide relevant COVID-19 topics of the article based on its abstract. ***INPUT*** The input is an abstract text. ***DOCUMENTATION*** There are 7 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. The followings are the topics and their definitions. Mechanism: underlying cause(s) of COVID-19 infections and transmission and possible drug mechanism of action. Transmission: characteristics and modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Diagnosis: COVID-19 assessment through symptoms, test results and radiological features for COVID-19. Treatment: treatment strategies, therapeutic procedures and vaccine development for COVID-19. Prevention: prevention, control, mitigation and management strategies for COVID-19. Case Report: descriptions of specific patient cases related to COVID-19. Epidemic Forecasting: estimation on the trend of COVID-19 spread and related modeling approach. ***OUTPUT*** The output should be topics from the above 7 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics. ***EXAMPLES*** INPUT: COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here. OUTPUT: Treatment INPUT: Artificial intelligence in COVID-19 drug repurposing. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a technique whereby existing drugs are used to treat emerging and challenging diseases, including COVID-19. Drug repurposing has become a promising approach because of the opportunity for reduced development timelines and overall costs. In the big data era, artificial intelligence (AI) and network medicine offer cutting-edge application of information science to defining disease, medicine, therapeutics, and identifying targets with the least error. In this Review, we introduce guidelines on how to use AI for accelerating drug repurposing or repositioning, for which AI approaches are not just formidable but are also necessary. We discuss how to use AI models in precision medicine, and as an example, how AI models can accelerate COVID-19 drug repurposing. Rapidly developing, powerful, and innovative AI and network medicine technologies can expedite therapeutic development. This Review provides a strong rationale for using AI-based assistive tools for drug repurposing medications for human disease, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. OUTPUT:

Treatment