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[ { "plaintext": "Design of a Decade: 1986–1996 is the first greatest hits album by American singer Janet Jackson, released on October 10, 1995 by A&M Records. It features 14 of Jackson's top 40 hits from her three previous albums; Control (1986), Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989), janet. (1993), and two new tracks; \"Runaway\" and \"Twenty Foreplay\".", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 478673, 60070, 18885017, 497639, 417201, 1445283, 1685991, 4243631 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 43, 56 ], [ 82, 95 ], [ 129, 140 ], [ 214, 221 ], [ 230, 264 ], [ 273, 279 ], [ 309, 316 ], [ 323, 338 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The International Edition includes new remakes of the Single Versions especially done in 1995 for this release.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "It was well received by many critics, who cited the number of hit singles on the record, but many noted its misleading title as the album's content predominantly spanned a five-year period. It was certified Double Platinum by the RIAA, within 4 months of release sold more than 4.3 million copies.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 18949819 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 230, 234 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jackson fulfilled her contract with A&M Records, signing a multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records estimated between $32 million and $50 million, making her the highest paid recording artist at the time. Jackson's fifth studio album Janet, stylized as janet. and read \"Janet, period\", was released in May 1993. The record opened at number one on the Billboard200, making Jackson the first female artist in the Nielsen SoundScan era to do so. Certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA, it sold over 14 million copies worldwide. Janet spawned six singles and four promotional singles, receiving various certifications worldwide. Lead single \"That's the Way Love Goes\" won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song and topped the Billboard Hot 100 for eight consecutive weeks. \"Again\" reached number one for three weeks, while \"If\" and \"Any Time, Any Place\" peaked in the top four. \"Because of Love\" and \"You Want This\" charted within the top ten.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 18885017, 93767, 1445283, 1160421, 1685835, 201173, 1685895, 1685851, 1685952, 1685938, 1685965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 47 ], [ 93, 107 ], [ 242, 247 ], [ 419, 436 ], [ 646, 670 ], [ 680, 710 ], [ 774, 779 ], [ 824, 826 ], [ 833, 852 ], [ 879, 894 ], [ 901, 914 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As Jackson's contract with Virgin allotted her the option to leave the label during this time, she returned to A&M in order to release Design of a Decade: 1986–1996, her first compilation album. A&M provided an aggressive marketing plan for the compilation's release, which included \"a multimillon-dollar worldwide marketing plan that [involved], syndicated and local TV advertising, as well as print ads in a number of consumer publications, including Seventeen, Us, Rolling Stone, Vanity Fair, Jet, Vibe and Essence.\" Billboard magazine reported that DreamWorks SKG and A&M were interested in signing with her. A&M president Al Cafaro stated: \"We've always thought Janet was an A&M artist... And we would love to sign her if she is available. This project has reminded us how much fun she is to work with.\" Jackson renewed her contract with Virgin Records for a reported $80 million the following year. The contract established her as the then-highest paid recording artist in history, surpassing the recording industry's then-unparalleled $60 million contracts earned by Michael Jackson and Madonna.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 353303, 1072241, 25441, 286542, 2029407, 972904, 1773391, 33610795, 14995351, 142056 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 453, 462 ], [ 464, 466 ], [ 468, 481 ], [ 483, 494 ], [ 496, 499 ], [ 501, 505 ], [ 510, 517 ], [ 553, 567 ], [ 1074, 1089 ], [ 1094, 1101 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Most music reviewers had a positive reception to Design of a Decade, mainly because of the amount of chart-topping singles it contained, but many noted the \"misleading title\" as the content predominantly spanned a five-year period.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave it a four and-a-half out of five star rating, saying \"Design of a Decade: 1986-1996 is a misleading title. The bulk of Janet Jackson's greatest-hits collection concentrates on Control and Rhythm Nation 1814, simply by contractual necessity. The hits from those two albums were state-of-the-art dance-pop productions at the time of their release, filled with bottomless beats and memorable, catchy hooks. It's a credit to Janet that the two new numbers [\"Runaway\" and \"Twenty Foreplay\"] feel like genuine hits, not tacked-on filler, and help make the album a compulsively listenable greatest-hits collection.\" With a B+ rating, David Browne of Entertainment Weekly stated, \"Working with producers and collaborators Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Jackson reinvented both pop and herself during those 10 years. With its rigid Robo-drummer beats and homogenized blend of computers and vocal harmonies, the music was shocking in its airtight quality [...] Design is fairly seamless, yet its biggest flaw lies in its title. Due to contractual obligations, the album consists almost entirely of songs from Control and Rhythm Nation 1814 and includes only one (\"That's the Way Love Goes\") of the five top 10 hits from her 1993 smorgasbord janet. The new songs [\"Runaway\" and \"Twenty Foreplay\"] show how much more confident a singer Jackson has become, even if the latter number finds her still working overtime to show us she's an honest-to-God grown-up.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 1747792, 697535, 497639, 417201, 1685991, 4243631, 17103113, 541239 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 23 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 217, 224 ], [ 229, 247 ], [ 495, 502 ], [ 509, 524 ], [ 668, 680 ], [ 684, 704 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Robert Christgau of The Village Voice gave it an A− rating, saying \"Those who begrudge her the place she's earned in the pop cosmos have some catching up to do.\" With a rating of 7/10 (flawed yet worthy), Spin magazine's Chris Norris said: \"Since Janet is State-of-the-art production right down to her sculpted nose, it makes sense that she should call her retrospective Design. As the studio team that wrought Control, Rhythm Nation and janet. (which for record-label reasons is under-represented here), designers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis are unofficial second and third Janet Jacksons. Their triumph is letting their dazzling sound sculptures fade into the background of Janet's cartoon antics.\" Elysa Gardner with Vibe magazine was in high praise of Design of a Decade, as well as Jackson herself, stating, \"It's been almost 10 years since Janet Jackson announced that her first name wasn't Baby, and it's easy to forget what a bold proclamation that was coming from a woman—particularly a black woman—at that time [...] Only two women were there to remind the rest of us that there was power and freedom in feminine sexuality—to reinforce the fact that we could be adorable and flirtatious and strong and assertive. And Madonna wasn't a sista. [...] The 16 songs on her greatest hits package 1986/1996: Design of a Decade—which includes two strong new singles—trace a young woman's progression from questioning others' authority to reveling in her own.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 556641, 184247, 613629, 972904 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ], [ 20, 37 ], [ 205, 209 ], [ 719, 723 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album debuted at number 4 on the U.S. Billboard 200 for the week of October 28, 1995 with 129,000 copies sold, and eventually peaked at number 3. Two months after its release, it was certified Double Platinum by the RIAA. In Canada, the album peaked at number 5 and received a Platinum certification,. In the UK, the album peaked at number 2 and went on to receive a double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry, and remains Jackson’s best selling album in the country. In Europe, the album peaked within the top 5 in most markets and received a Platinum certification by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. In Australia, the album peaked at number 2 and was certified quadruple Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association, Making it Her best selling album in that country. The album also appeared on the Australian ARIA albums year end charts at number 6.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 730350, 18949819, 3897803, 180086, 308882 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 55 ], [ 220, 224 ], [ 394, 423 ], [ 588, 641 ], [ 730, 771 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Melanie Andrews – arranger", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jerome Benton – vocals", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 3409831 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lee Blaske – arranger", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Patrick Demarchelier – photography", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 3085191 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alan Friedman – programming", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Larimie Garcia – design", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Greg Gorman – photography", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 13543613 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jeri Heiden – art direction, design", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Steve Hodge – engineer, mixing", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Goh Hotoda – remixing", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Janet Jackson – arranger, executive producer, main performer, producer, rhythm, vocals, background vocals", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 60070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jimmy Jam – arranger, assistant engineer, multiple instruments, producer, rhythm, vocals", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1064800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jellybean Johnson – producer, remix consultant, vocals", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 2627898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Terry Lewis – multiple instruments, producer", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1064800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bob Ludwig – mastering", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 6904717 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John McClain – executive producer", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Monte Moir – arranger, assistant engineer, producer", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 5416199 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shep Pettibone – post-production, remixing", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 866746 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Herb Ritts – photography", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 161896 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David Ritz – liner notes", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1766619 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mike Scott – guitar", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Tony Viramontes – photography", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Michael Wagener – remixing", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 7468123 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bruce Weber – photography", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 594519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Steve Wiese – assistant engineer, engineer, producer", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Eddie Wolfl – photography", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Design of a Decade 1986/1996 Video Page at janetjackson.com", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1995_greatest_hits_albums", "Janet_Jackson_compilation_albums", "Albums_produced_by_Jimmy_Jam_and_Terry_Lewis", "A&M_Records_compilation_albums", "Universal_Records_compilation_albums" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The verracos (; ; literally 'boar'), in the Iberian Peninsula, are the Vettones's granite megalithic monuments, sculptures of animals as found in the west of the Iberian meseta – the high central plain of the Iberian peninsula – in the Spanish provinces of Ávila, Salamanca, Segovia, Zamora, Cáceres, Ourense and the Portuguese provinces of Beira Baixa, Beiras e Serra da Estrela, Douro and Terras de Trás-os-Montes. Over 400 verracos have been identified.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 14883, 1666860, 13088, 332248, 14883, 7630120, 14883, 26667, 143517, 143612, 143650, 143615, 143656, 143665, 23033, 43600937, 43601081, 4107027, 43597000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 61 ], [ 71, 79 ], [ 82, 89 ], [ 90, 98 ], [ 162, 169 ], [ 170, 176 ], [ 209, 226 ], [ 236, 243 ], [ 257, 262 ], [ 264, 273 ], [ 275, 282 ], [ 284, 290 ], [ 292, 299 ], [ 301, 308 ], [ 317, 327 ], [ 341, 352 ], [ 354, 379 ], [ 381, 386 ], [ 391, 415 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Spanish word verraco normally refers to boars, and the sculptures are sometimes called verracos de piedra (pigs of stone) to distinguish them from live animals. The stone verracos appear to represent not only pigs but also other animals. Some have been identified as bulls, and the village of El Oso, Ávila, named for \"the Bear\", has a verraco which supposedly represents a bear.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 7765715 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 298, 311 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Their dates range from the mid-fourth to first centuries BC.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "There are some similar zoomorphic monument markers in lands of Poland from the same period or older.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1049434 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Though they were perhaps not confined to a single usage, the verracos were an essential part of the landscape of the Vettones, one of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula. It has generally been assumed, from their high visibility in their original open fields surroundings, that these sculptures had some protective religious significance, whether guarding the security of livestock or as funerary monuments (some of them bear Latin funerary inscriptions). The verracos are particularly numerous too in the vicinity of the walled Celtiberian communities that Romans had called oppida.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1666860, 9896870, 461337, 652429 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 117, 125 ], [ 139, 181 ], [ 541, 552 ], [ 588, 594 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Murça", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 4504759 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Porca de Murça (literally the \"Sow of Murça\" in Portuguese, although the sculpture appears to represent a boar, i.e. a male rather than a female pig). The name has been taken to designate a red wine of the Douro district.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 68691 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 207, 212 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Torre de Dona Chama", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 28116066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Berroa", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Marvão", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 4238360 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Head of berrão, with right eye clearly visible, found in the Abegoa area of Marvão. Today in Municipal Museum in Marvão.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Aldea del Rey Niño", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Arévalo (one verraco in the Palacio del general Vicente de Río)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 11389829 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ávila (14 verracos from Tornadizos and three found next to Adaja River)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 394589, 62839812 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 60, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cardeñosa (Castro of Las Cogotas)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13162010, 33246142 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 22, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Chamartín (five verracos, the best preserved is the Verraco of the Castro de la Mesa de Miranda)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 34642437 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Martiherrero (four verracos)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13155067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mingorría", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13162220 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mirueña de los Infanzones (two verracos embedded in a wall of a house)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13155099 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Narrillos de San Leonardo, Ávila", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " El Oso (verraco nicknamed \"El oso\" (the bear) and gives name to the town)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 7765715 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " San Miguel de Serrezuela (today in El Torreón de los Guzmanes in the city of Ávila)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13155470 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Santa María del Arroyo (Verraco of Santa María del Arroyo)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13155507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Santo Domingo de las Posadas (one verraco)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13162484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Solosancho (two verracos, Castro de Ulaca)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13162515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " El Tiemblo (four verracos, the known \"Bulls of Guisando\")", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13155548, 8288081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 39, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tornadizos de Ávila (eight verracos preserved)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13155567 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " La Torre (two headless verracos in the atrium of the church and other embedded in a wall)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13162549 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Villanueva del Campillo (two verracos, one of them the largest in Europe)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13155612 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Villatoro (three verracos)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13162596 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vicolozano, Ávila", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ciudad Rodrigo (two verracos, one of them from Gallegos de Argañán)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 1930312 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gallegos de Argañán (one today in the Museum of Salamanca and other in the Casa de la Cultura in Ciudad Rodrigo)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 7139219, 23955286, 1930312 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 49, 58 ], [ 98, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Juzbado", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 7134050 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Larrodrigo", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13177451 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ledesma", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 2384536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lumbrales (two verracos)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13177476 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Masueco (today in the Museum of Salamanca)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13177523, 23955286 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 33, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Monleón", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13177570 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Puente del Congosto", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13177816 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " La Redonda (today in the Museum of Salamanca)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13177842, 23955286 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 36, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Salamanca (the verraco of the bridge cited in El Lazarillo de Tormes next to the Roman bridge and several verracos in the Museum)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 23955286, 64751597, 9035887, 51328836 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 16, 37 ], [ 47, 69 ], [ 82, 94 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " San Felices de los Gallegos", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 7058584 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Santibáñez de Béjar", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13177964 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tabera de Abajo", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13178032 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yecla de Yeltes (Castro de Yecla la Vieja, today in the Aula arqueológica)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 6962510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Segovia (two verracos: a bull and a wild boar; today in the Museo Provincial).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 71930 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Coca (three verracos: two in front the City Gate of the Town and one embedded in the castle's walls).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 11934696 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 5 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muelas del Pan", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13174948 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " San Vitero", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13175177 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Toro", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 3516383 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 5 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Villardiegua de la Ribera", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13175425 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " La Puebla de Montalbán. One verraco, found in 2006 and placed in the Museum \"La Celestina\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 6487717 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Castillo de Bayuela Two verracos. Located in the Plaza de San Antonio and in almost perfect condition.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13126350 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Talavera de la Reina. Known as «cabeza del moro» (\"the Moor's head\") due to it being embedded in a wall, with only the head being visible.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 989194 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Talavera la Nueva", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 29496484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Torralba de Oropesa", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13145043 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Torrecilla de la Jara (two verracos)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13145063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Botija (Castro de Villasviejas del Tamuja, \"Tamusia\")", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 44035488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guadalupe (Caserío de Mirabel)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13269110 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jaraíz de la Vera", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13124166 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Madrigalejo (currently in the Archaeological Museum of Cáceres)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13124189, 143656 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 56, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Segura de Toro", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 6258484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Valdelacasa de Tajo", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13124624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Villar del Pedroso", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13124715 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pasarón de la Vera It was possibly destroyed in the 19th century, but still forming part of its coat of arms.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable verracos", "target_page_ids": [ 13124314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "J. Leite de Vasconcelos, Religiões da Lusitânia, Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, Lisbon.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Eduardo Sánchez Moreno, 2000. Vetones: Historia y Arqueología de un pueblo prerromano (Madrid: Ediciones de la Universidad Autónoma)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Jesús R. Álvarez-Sanchís, \"Oppida and Celtic society in western Spain,\" in e-Celtoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies vol 6 (The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Photo gallery of verracos", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Megalithic_monuments", "European_archaeology", "Lists_of_buildings_and_structures_in_Spain", "Ancient_history-related_lists", "Stone_verracos" ]

[ "verracos", "verraco de piedra", "verracos de piedra" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Colantonio (born Niccolò Antonio) was an Italian painter, who was the outstanding native figure in the art of Naples in the Early Renaissance.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 18622193, 55880, 311401 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 56 ], [ 110, 116 ], [ 124, 141 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Details of his life are obscure, though the Neapolitan Renaissance humanist Pietro Summonte (1463–1526) gave brief details in a letter to the Venetian Marcantonio Michiel in 1524. A birth-date of about 1420 is a generic calculation from the date of death. Colantonio was active in Naples between about 1440 and 1460 or later. He was perhaps first patronized by René d'Anjou, who ruled in Naples between 1438 and 1442. His last recorded commission is one by Queen Isabella in 1460, unless he is the Colantonio paid for decorating a room in the Castel Capuano in 1487. However Summonte says that he died young.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Life", "target_page_ids": [ 290237, 16672878, 16807896, 86924, 1943453, 7027513 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 75 ], [ 76, 91 ], [ 151, 170 ], [ 362, 374 ], [ 458, 472 ], [ 544, 558 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "His paintings show the mingling of several cultures, as Alfonso V of Aragon had brought to Naples artists from Iberia, including the Valencian Jacomart, Burgundy, Provence, and Flanders. He synthesised his own style from all these sources and he was one of the first artists in Italy to learn the techniques of Early Netherlandish painting. He may have learnt these techniques from the Flemish artist Barthélemy d'Eyck a putative relative of Jan van Eyck who seems to have been in Naples around 1440.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Style", "target_page_ids": [ 1686, 14883, 63861, 31790525, 441671, 48503, 10878, 14532, 799881, 11800746, 46381 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 75 ], [ 111, 117 ], [ 133, 141 ], [ 143, 151 ], [ 153, 161 ], [ 163, 171 ], [ 177, 185 ], [ 278, 283 ], [ 311, 339 ], [ 401, 418 ], [ 443, 455 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "His main surviving works are two large altarpieces, the first executed in oil for San Lorenzo Maggiore, probably commissioned about 1445 by Alfonso, which was dispersed in the Napoleonic period. The main panel is Delivery of the Franciscan Rule, whose composition was probably inspired by a late thirteenth century fresco above the door of the Chapter House there, showing the saint giving his Rule to the Minor Friars and the Poor Clares. The fresco can be seen in the monastery Museum. The Colantonio painting hangs in the Museo di Capodimonte in Naples, along with Saint Jerome in His Study, full of Netherlandish detail, which was also part of the altarpiece. This was strongly influenced by a Jan van Eyck depiction of the same subject, then belonging to King Alfonso and located in Naples. Other smaller panels are in various other collections.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Main Works", "target_page_ids": [ 195811, 7014519, 33149628, 11144, 771964, 64176, 369311, 3131325, 58751593, 46381 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 49 ], [ 82, 102 ], [ 214, 245 ], [ 316, 322 ], [ 345, 358 ], [ 407, 419 ], [ 428, 439 ], [ 526, 546 ], [ 569, 594 ], [ 700, 712 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The second altarpiece still hangs in the church of San Pietro Martire in Naples, showing the Life of St Vincent Ferrer in eleven scenes. It includes figures which are portraits of Isabella and other members of the royal family.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Main Works", "target_page_ids": [ 7347172, 1195103 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 69 ], [ 101, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Also attributed to Colantonio is a Deposition executed for San Domenico Maggiore, which draws on Rogier van der Weyden’s tapestries of scenes from the Passion (untraced), now lost but with some of the compositions known, which were then hanging in the Castel Nuovo in Naples.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Main Works", "target_page_ids": [ 7005754, 192488, 6929210 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 80 ], [ 97, 118 ], [ 252, 264 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There is a small Crucifixion in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid that has been attributed to Colantonio by Roberto Longhi and various other experts (mostly Italian), and by others to Antonello, but is currently attributed to an \"Anonymous Valencian Artist\" by the museum.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Attributed Works", "target_page_ids": [ 2325777, 41188263, 9920387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 61 ], [ 65, 71 ], [ 114, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Outside Naples, he is known mainly for having been the teacher of the Sicilian Antonello da Messina, as Summonte records, probably some time between 1445 and 1455, who spread elements of his style, and northern oil painting technique, to other parts of Italy. Another pupil was Angiolo Franco of Naples. The important Spanish painter Pedro Berruguete may also have been a pupil.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Possible Apprentices", "target_page_ids": [ 254609, 3699331 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 99 ], [ 334, 350 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Atlas, Allan W., Music at the Aragonese Court of Naples, 2008, Cambridge University Press, , , google books", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Cassese, Giovanna, \"Colantonio, Niccolò.\" Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, accessed February 19, 2013, subscriber only link", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [ 8105014 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Nicola Spinosa (ed), The National Museum of Capodimonte, Electa Napoli, 2003, ", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1420s_births", "15th-century_Italian_painters", "Year_of_death_unknown", "15th-century_deaths", "Quattrocento_painters", "Italian_male_painters", "Painters_from_Naples", "Catholic_painters" ]

[ "Colantonio", "Niccolò Antonio", "Del Fiore Colantonio", "Niccolo Antonio Colantonio", "Niccolo Antonio, del Fiore Colantonio", "Niccolò Colantonio", "Niccolo Antonio", "Niccolo Colantonio" ]

[ { "plaintext": "All for You is the seventh studio album by American singer Janet Jackson. It was released on April 24, 2001, by Virgin Records. The album's development and theme were rooted in Jackson's separation from husband René Elizondo Jr. as she attempted to move on. Contrary to The Velvet Rope, which saw Jackson tackling darker themes such as domestic violence and depression, All for You showcased a mix of upbeat dance-pop and slow R&B sounds, incorporating rock, disco, and funk, as well as soft rock and East Asian music. Its lyrics focus on passion, romance, and intercourse, while also discussing themes of betrayal and deceit. The explicit language and sexual content of several songs sparked controversy, causing the album to be banned in several countries.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 60070, 93767, 3061544, 1339618, 526089, 2529904, 25423, 7966, 10778, 520514, 19605700 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 72 ], [ 112, 126 ], [ 211, 228 ], [ 270, 285 ], [ 408, 417 ], [ 427, 430 ], [ 453, 457 ], [ 459, 464 ], [ 470, 474 ], [ 487, 496 ], [ 501, 511 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All for You received generally positive reviews from music critics, who commended its upbeat nature and the sonic innovation of several songs. It was also considered one of her sexiest albums and among the best of her career. The album received three Grammy Award nominations, including Best Pop Vocal Album, winning Best Dance Recording for its title track. It became Jackson's fifth consecutive album to top the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States. All for You logged the biggest opening week sales of her career, as well as the second highest first-week sales for a female artist in Nielsen Soundscan history. It reached the top five of most countries internationally and was the biggest selling international pop album of the year in Japan. Certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), it has sold over three million copies in the US according to Nielsen and an estimated five million copies internationally. All for You was the twelfth best-selling album of the year worldwide, and was one of the best-selling albums of the decade in the United States.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 317947, 44635, 923814, 485002, 730350, 1160421, 308159, 18949819 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 66 ], [ 251, 263 ], [ 287, 307 ], [ 317, 337 ], [ 414, 427 ], [ 598, 615 ], [ 767, 782 ], [ 790, 831 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Its lead single \"All for You\" was one of Jackson's most successful singles and broke multiple airplay records. In the US, it was the biggest hit of the year, topping the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks and became a top ten hit on the majority of singles charts worldwide. \"Someone to Call My Lover\" reached number three on the Hot 100 and within the top twenty internationally while \"Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)\" peaked within the top forty in most territories. \"Come On Get Up\" was also released as a promotional single in Japan. ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1685861, 423161, 1685881, 2781902, 4349570 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 28 ], [ 170, 187 ], [ 275, 299 ], [ 386, 438 ], [ 490, 504 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In promotion for the album, Jackson was declared MTV's inaugural Icon, receiving a televised tribute titled MTV Icon: Janet Jackson. The special honored Jackson's contribution within music and popular culture, in recognition of \"one of the most influential and beloved tastemakers in contemporary pop.\" During that period, Jackson was presented numerous career accolades, including the American Music Award's Award of Merit, TMF Award's Lifetime Achievement Award, and Recording Academy's Governor's Award.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 18856, 16161602, 18993927, 408362, 2322463, 8850489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 52 ], [ 65, 69 ], [ 193, 208 ], [ 386, 406 ], [ 425, 434 ], [ 469, 486 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2000, Jackson was separated from René Elizondo Jr., exposing their secret nine-year marriage to the public as he filed for divorce, leading to intense media scrutiny.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background and development", "target_page_ids": [ 3061544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Amidst the separation, Jackson began recording her seventh album. MTV News reported Jackson had nearly completed work on the \"upbeat, fun and carefree\" record, in contrast to the darker tone of her prior release. Producer Jimmy Jam stated, \"This record now, even though it may not be the best of times in her personal life, she feels that the future is bright... She's excited about music and about life in general. She's excited about what the next year will hold for her, and that's the tone she's set for herself and [the album].\" Jam added, \"In the history of Janet, the records that are the happy records, that make people smile, have always traditionally been the more successful records.. going back as far to songs like 'When I Think of You' to 'Doesn't Really Matter.' This continues that tradition, with kind of a nod to the dance music of the '80s.\" Virgin Records' president Roy Cooper stated, \"The new album is very bright, it's very upbeat and dynamic. She wanted to make an album that was rhythmically strong as well as melodically strong. She also wanted as explosive and strong a start as possible, and this certainly qualifies.\" Explaining its concept, Jackson said:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background and development", "target_page_ids": [ 859907, 1064800, 1685679, 1685999, 93767 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 74 ], [ 222, 231 ], [ 729, 748 ], [ 754, 775 ], [ 861, 875 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All for You marked the first time Jackson enlisted additional producers aside from Jam & Lewis since the release of her breakthrough Control, collaborating with Rockwilder. After recording exclusively with the duo, Jackson felt the desire to recruit new talent, explaining \"I think it was The Velvet Rope that brought all of that to some sort of completion for me... it was very cathartic for me doing that — I felt it was OK to go out and explore other producers.\" She pursued Rockwilder upon hearing Method Man and Redman's single \"Da Rockwilder\", desiring uptempo productions in a similar vein. Jackson also collaborated with The Neptunes, being among the first artists to work with the production team. Several confirmed titles included \"Boys,\" \"Ecstasy,\" \"My Big Secret,\" and \"What It Is.\" However, the songs did not make the final album, with \"Boys\" later recorded by Britney Spears and \"What It Is\" recorded by Kelis. Spears released \"Boys\" as a single in remix form with Pharrell Williams, referencing Jackson's hit \"Nasty\" during several lines and citing it as her favorite song to perform. Additionally, Spears' single \"I'm a Slave 4 U\" was originally written and produced for the album. \"My Big Secret\" was later recorded for Spears' In the Zone album, though was not released.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Recording and production", "target_page_ids": [ 1064800, 497639, 1587747, 211080, 624516, 2184156, 348364, 1951970, 3382, 3053226, 481437, 735009, 2636867, 1717804, 365930 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 94 ], [ 133, 140 ], [ 161, 171 ], [ 502, 512 ], [ 517, 525 ], [ 534, 547 ], [ 629, 641 ], [ 850, 854 ], [ 874, 888 ], [ 894, 904 ], [ 918, 923 ], [ 979, 996 ], [ 1025, 1030 ], [ 1130, 1145 ], [ 1245, 1256 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Upon expressing admiration for Basement Jaxx's debut album Remedy, Jackson contacted the house duo to collaborate. Jackson was offered to record the Jaxx's single \"Get Me Off\" for the album, though declined. She would later record several unreleased songs with them for her following album, Damita Jo. An unreleased collaboration with Jay-Z was recorded. Outkast also featured on an unreleased remix of \"Someone to Call My Lover\". Jackson had planned to record a duet with Aaliyah, intended to appear on All for You in addition to Aaliyah's self-titled album released several months later, though was unable to proceed due to scheduling conflicts. A collaboration with Missy Elliott titled \"Nasty Girl 2000,\" an updated cover of Jackson's hit \"Nasty,\" was intended to feature Jackson and additional vocals from Aaliyah, but was not recorded. Jackson also desired to collaborate with British singer Robbie Williams. The album intended to feature a house and hip hop direction during its early stages, with other potential collaborators including Dallas Austin, Swizz Beatz, Diddy, Missy Elliott, Teddy Riley, Kandi Burruss, and Darrell \"Delite\" Allamby. However, the collaborations did not come to fruition due to scheduling conflicts while filming and periodic illness throughout recording. An unreleased song titled \"New Beginning\" appeared in initial press releases but was not included on the album.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Recording and production", "target_page_ids": [ 347264, 2174196, 13930, 27734122, 1445681, 162870, 25889205, 1685881, 2144, 1127874, 180519, 2636867, 39010, 13930, 18945847, 1575672, 1934516, 152447, 180519, 462642, 1427699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 44 ], [ 59, 65 ], [ 89, 94 ], [ 164, 174 ], [ 291, 300 ], [ 335, 340 ], [ 355, 362 ], [ 404, 428 ], [ 473, 480 ], [ 541, 558 ], [ 669, 682 ], [ 744, 749 ], [ 898, 913 ], [ 947, 952 ], [ 957, 964 ], [ 1045, 1058 ], [ 1060, 1071 ], [ 1073, 1078 ], [ 1080, 1093 ], [ 1095, 1106 ], [ 1108, 1121 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Following her divorce, Jackson decided to record an uptempo, optimistic album rather than songs about sadness or anger. Producer Jimmy Jam said, \"You go through all these emotions and then you come out of it on the other side and say, \"I'm going to be okay and I have a lot of things to be thankful for,' and that was the overriding feeling in her life when we were making this album.\" Its concept focuses largely on the demise of her marriage to René Elizondo, Jr. and subsequent embrace of the single life, experiencing dating for the first time. It also contains themes of sensuality, deceit, and betrayal. Jackson said, \"It’s a different thing for me. Growing up, I never dated. I’m doing that now, experiencing that whole life.\" Its upbeat tempo intended to reflect Jackson's self-esteem, described as \"a work in progress.\" Jam commented, \"She doesn't see herself the way other people see her. You know...gorgeous and sexy and all that. That isn't the kind of person she is. Although she is closer to feeling like that person now than she was 15 years ago. Or even three of four years ago.\" Jackson commented, \"I look back at pictures of myself from four years ago and I see the unhappiness in my eyes. But I'm in the greatest space now... I believe we have choices and paths, and it's about choosing the right path, the promising path.\" While recording, Jackson listened to artists such as St. Germain, Buena Vista Social Club, Thievery Corporation, Basement Jaxx, Outkast and Papa Roach.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 3061544, 977721, 513544, 792548, 347264, 25889205, 922776 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 447, 465 ], [ 1396, 1407 ], [ 1409, 1432 ], [ 1434, 1454 ], [ 1456, 1469 ], [ 1471, 1478 ], [ 1483, 1493 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "John Mulvey of Yahoo! Music noted, \"All For You is a concept album of sorts, rooted in Jackson's traumatic separation from husband and collaborator René Elizondo, Jr. It begins tremendously, with a bunch of party tracks illustrating a newly-free woman checking out men on the dancefloor. Soon, the action moves to the bedroom, and some explicit shagging tracks, before a virulent suite detailing what a bastard her ex is. Finally, there's a soppy phase heralding a new life and the prospects of new love.\" According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic, the album is divided into three segments: divorce, industry, and sex. However, MTV News perceived All for You as \"dominated by two themes: the liberation that comes with ending a bad relationship, and sex,\" blending elements of pop, funk, R&B and rock.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 1988033, 3061544, 697535, 859907, 24624, 10778, 2529904, 25423 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 27 ], [ 148, 166 ], [ 546, 554 ], [ 635, 643 ], [ 784, 787 ], [ 789, 793 ], [ 795, 798 ], [ 803, 807 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album's interludes consist of Jackson's recorded asides, placing clips from her one-sided conversations between the tracks. Its introduction finds Jackson impersonating actress Fran Drescher. The opening track, \"You Ain't Right\", is a scathing attack on a former associate, thought to be directed at her former choreographer, Tina Landon. It uses piston-like rhythms, drum machines and synthesizers; its production likened to \"a thick sci-fi stomp that suggests a Gary Glitter glam-rock anthem crossed with the soundtrack from Blade Runner.\" \"All for You\" is an uptempo dance song utilizing elements of disco and funk. In a nightclub setting, Jackson encourages a man to approach her and imagines an erotic fantasy, admiring the man's \"package\" and desiring to fornicate. \"Come On Get Up\" follows with a \"synth-frenzied splendor,\" fusing tribal house and dance-pop. \"When We Oooo\" consists of a mid-tempo arrangement, emphasizing Jackson's layered vocal harmonies as she describes a sexual encounter.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 302920, 5135347, 26787, 19043864, 3746, 1685861, 7966, 10778, 4349570, 2703418, 526089 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 181, 194 ], [ 330, 341 ], [ 439, 445 ], [ 468, 480 ], [ 531, 543 ], [ 547, 558 ], [ 607, 612 ], [ 617, 621 ], [ 777, 791 ], [ 842, 854 ], [ 859, 868 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"China Love\" uses traditional Oriental textures such as chimes and tablas, as Jackson rhapsodizes about past-life romance and new age ambiguities. Jackson had written the song about her own prior identity in another time, in which she was told to be the daughter of an emperor in love with a warrior, unable to sustain relations when forced to marry into royalty. \"Love Scene (Ooh Baby)\" is an ambient ballad incorporating flourishes of electronica and guitars, performed in a falsetto to \"exquisitely carnal effect.\" \"Would You Mind\" depicts Janet confessing a graphic list of myriad sexual desires, conducting a heavy-breathing seminar followed by a risqué \"performance evaluation\" over a \"spacey electro thump.\" It was described to feature \"more moaning than a hospital emergency room,\" with Jackson singing, \"I'm gonna kiss you/Suck you/Taste you.\" Throughout the song, Jackson requests sexual intercourse, oral sex, and internal ejaculation; as she instructs her lover, \"Oh, yeah, baby, just like that.\" Its erotic nature was regarded as the album's most controversial track in numerous reviews. Jackson expresses a lack of sexual satisfaction in following interlude \"Lame,\" unable to climax.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 21787554, 21742, 55319, 87606, 27546, 2480306, 19616015, 22546 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 67, 72 ], [ 126, 133 ], [ 394, 401 ], [ 437, 448 ], [ 891, 909 ], [ 911, 919 ], [ 925, 945 ], [ 1190, 1196 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The \"avant-garde\" aura of \"Trust a Try\" fuses elements of mock-operetta and hard rock with classical music, dance, and hip hop. In the song, Jackson delivers an \"angry aria\" of betrayal. Its \"rock 'n' roll sass\" is laced with theatrical vocal arrangements, electric guitars, violins and cinematic strings. The following track, \"Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)\" features spoken vocals from folk singer Carly Simon and interpolates Simon's hit \"You're So Vain.\" Its composition excoriates an unfaithful lover for attempting to extort money, described as a \"mean-spirited duet that rails against enemies.\" Jackson unveils anger and deceit, saying \"Thought you'd get the money too / Greedy motherfuckers try to have their cake and eat it too.\" In response to critics regarding it about her divorce, Jackson explained it was directed towards several people, while Jimmy Jam revealed it to be written in regards to music executives and lawyers. On the ballad \"Truth,\" Jackson discusses a failed romance with former paramour, Rene Elizondo Jr. Jackson said, \"'Truth' is really me talking out loud to myself about the relationship. I felt the need to address it on the album, but just once.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 39353, 124802, 6668778, 6674649, 18945847, 44739, 2781902, 177233, 609802, 1064800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 71 ], [ 76, 85 ], [ 91, 106 ], [ 108, 113 ], [ 119, 126 ], [ 168, 172 ], [ 328, 380 ], [ 422, 433 ], [ 464, 478 ], [ 880, 889 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Someone to Call My Lover\" is a soft rock song, described as an \"innocent daydream for the perfect man built over the acoustic guitar.\" Its speaks of the yearnings for \"love and togetherness,\" desiring to find a new companion. It uses a guitar motif sampled from America's \"Ventura Highway.\" \"Feels So Right\" is a mid-tempo ballad using a \"fluffy\" eighties-influenced texture. \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is an uptempo dance song, incorporating slight flourishes of Oriental music and strings. Jackson speaks of disregarding physical appearance, choosing to love the person inside. Released as the theme for Jackson's second film The Klumps, it features an alternate introduction and instrumental breakdown not included in the single edit. The closing track, \"Better Days\" is a \"sweepingly orchestrated\" ballad melding soft rock and electronic music, shifting to uptempo during its chorus. It incorporates slight elements of drum and bass during its second verse. It ends the album on a note of uplift, featuring a strong vocal with a guitar solo and \"striking\" strings. Regarding the song, Jackson said, \"I feel light and almost giddy about untying the knots that were choking me, restraining me, preventing my growth... I'm interested in making strides, taking chances, finding my own way in my own time.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 1685881, 520514, 18935758, 149240, 11371303, 19753121, 1685999, 520514, 8092 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 32, 41 ], [ 250, 257 ], [ 263, 270 ], [ 274, 289 ], [ 348, 356 ], [ 378, 399 ], [ 816, 825 ], [ 922, 935 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A month prior to the album's release, MTV aired an inaugural special entitled Janet Jackson, declaring Jackson the network's first musical icon while celebrating her career and influence in pop culture. Jackson was honored \"in recognition of her place as one of the most influential and beloved tastemakers in contemporary pop... The show will eloquently demonstrate the impact that Janet has had, not only on her worldwide audience, but also on a generation of performers who will pay tribute by covering her songs.\" Jackson stated, \"When I heard that MTV wanted to honor me with the show \"Icon,\" I was speechless. I really was. It is an awesome thing—I feel young. There's still so much more that I want to do, need to do, for myself in this business. And I was just so surprised. But a wonderful surprise.\" Numerous artists paid tribute to Jackson and commemorated her success, including Britney Spears, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Lopez, Christina Aguilera, Aaliyah, Tommy Lee, Michael Jackson, and producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It featured performances by 'N Sync, Pink, Buckcherry, Usher, Outkast, Mýa, and Destiny's Child. Jackson performed \"All for You\" and \"You Ain't Right\" at the finale. The event was the highest rated television show of the night, ahead of all broadcast and cable programs among the youth demographic. Promotional ads for the special depicted Jackson's music, videos, and sexuality shocking conservative audiences and families, using the tagline \"The world wasn't always ready for Janet. We are.\"", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 18856, 16161602, 18993927, 3382, 4540726, 16175, 144171, 2144, 30274, 14995351, 1064800, 23535509, 215566, 1475361, 215554, 25889205, 318582, 169410, 1685861 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 41 ], [ 78, 92 ], [ 191, 202 ], [ 892, 906 ], [ 908, 923 ], [ 925, 939 ], [ 941, 959 ], [ 961, 968 ], [ 970, 979 ], [ 981, 996 ], [ 1012, 1037 ], [ 1067, 1074 ], [ 1076, 1080 ], [ 1082, 1092 ], [ 1094, 1099 ], [ 1101, 1108 ], [ 1110, 1113 ], [ 1119, 1134 ], [ 1155, 1166 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All for You was released on April 24, 2001. Its artwork features Jackson lying in a suggestive pose, the central portion of her anatomy is covered only by a white sheet. For promotion, Jackson performed on various entertainment shows, including Top of the Pops, UK, Wetten Dass, Hit Machine, ECHO Awards, and the TMF Awards. She appeared on Larry King Live and the Late Show with David Letterman, attending The Rosie O'Donnell Show the following day. She also gave interviews to BBC Radio 1 and NRJ Radio while in Europe. In April, she appeared on MTV's TRL and MuchMusic before presenting on VH1 Divas. Jackson later presented at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards, also paying tribute to late singer Aaliyah. Jackson was awarded numerous career accolades throughout the campaign, including the Billboard Music Award's \"Artistic Achievement Award\", American Music Award's \"Award of Merit\", and Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award's \"Wannabe Award\". Jackson was selected to appear on the cover of the premiere issue of Blender, launched as an alternative to Rolling Stone. A limited-edition reissue of the album was announced on October 21, 2001, via Billboard, and released on November 20, 2001, including a bonus DVD, titled Janet: The Virgin Years, featuring Jackson's complete videography (excluding releases via other labels and collaborations), interviews and behind the scenes footage, spanning from the promotion of janet. (1993) to the making of All for You. The reissue features an alternate cover artwork and contains the clean edition of the album without \"Would You Mind\" in addition to the Flyte Tyme single edit and P. Diddy remix of the album's third single \"Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)\"; it was also intended to include a twenty-four page photo booklet of Jackson's All for You Tour, but it was omitted for unknown reasons. Furthermore, Microsoft Network launched an ISP service titled \"Janet on MSN\", with Jackson also given her own online radio station.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 237031, 383513, 2627994, 2322463, 448312, 99955, 1061828, 4348, 1474558, 200260, 365909, 3559107, 10902896, 2144, 566109, 408362, 1506983, 1170208, 25441, 18309966, 1445283, 1184499, 152447, 4989282, 185041, 100245 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 245, 260 ], [ 266, 277 ], [ 292, 303 ], [ 313, 323 ], [ 341, 356 ], [ 365, 395 ], [ 407, 431 ], [ 479, 490 ], [ 495, 504 ], [ 554, 557 ], [ 562, 571 ], [ 593, 602 ], [ 635, 662 ], [ 699, 706 ], [ 793, 814 ], [ 847, 867 ], [ 892, 922 ], [ 1011, 1018 ], [ 1050, 1063 ], [ 1143, 1152 ], [ 1416, 1422 ], [ 1596, 1606 ], [ 1623, 1631 ], [ 1800, 1816 ], [ 1871, 1888 ], [ 1901, 1904 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The following year, Jackson was selected to perform at the Super Bowl XXXVI halftime show, though allowed U2 to perform in order to tribute the events of September 11 and due to traveling concerns following the tragedy. She would perform at the event two years later, in which her highly controversial performance incident occurred.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 64172716, 52780, 5058690, 498971 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 89 ], [ 106, 108 ], [ 144, 166 ], [ 302, 322 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In support of the album, Jackson embarked on her fourth world tour, the All for You Tour. The first dates were announced between July and October, in Canada and the United States. The North American leg wrapped in November in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Several dates were scheduled in Japan the following year, although the tour's European leg was required to be canceled immediately following the events of September 11 attacks, when many dancers were unwilling to travel citing safety concerns. Jackson said, \"I have agonized over this decision. Like most people, the events of Sept. 11 have troubled me enormously and I remain concerned about the foreseeable future. If anything happened to anyone on this tour, I could never forgive myself.\" An appearance at the 2001 MTV Europe Music Awards was also canceled due to the tragedy. It was the sixth highest-grossing tour of the year, also ranked the third most successful by Pollstar. Its broadcast on HBO received over 12 million viewers, among the network's highest ratings, and increased album sales by fifty percent. It was later released on DVD as Live in Hawaii. The tour received positive reviews, with Craig Seymour from Buffalo News writing \"her All for You tour marked another milestone for the veteran artist, who proved to be more comfortable with own ability to command an audience than ever before.\" It was considered an influence to many of her followers, adding \"Jackson remains one of this generation's most exciting performers in concert, easily triumphing over the likes of young upstarts Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Destiny's Child. The Los Angeles Times stated, \"Not only is Janet emulated by the type of show she puts on by the current teen-fab (that she made popular years ago), she still does it better than the 19-year-olds.\"", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 4989282, 5058690, 19592966, 32577337, 4765530, 1106837, 3382, 144171, 169410, 273319 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 88 ], [ 409, 429 ], [ 768, 796 ], [ 928, 936 ], [ 955, 958 ], [ 1183, 1195 ], [ 1563, 1577 ], [ 1579, 1597 ], [ 1602, 1617 ], [ 1623, 1640 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Doesn't Really Matter\" was released a single from The Klumps soundtrack on May 21, 2000. It peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks. The song was later included on All for You with slightly altered production. The album version was performed at the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards. The title track was released as the album's lead single on March 6, 2001. It broke several airplay records upon its debut, being the first song in history to be added to every pop, urban, and rhythmic radio station within its first week of release, and also had the highest first-week audience impressions in history. It was also the highest debut for a single not commercially available in the United States and France. It became Jackson's most successful single in the US since \"That's the Way Love Goes\", staying at number one for seven weeks. Internationally, the song reached the top ten in most countries worldwide. Its music video received four MTV Video MTV Video Music Awards nominations, including Video of the Year and Best Female Video.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Singles", "target_page_ids": [ 1685999, 423161, 10818945, 1685861, 5381411, 1428793, 460625, 2147772, 1685835, 295217, 476903, 477200 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 110, 127 ], [ 261, 288 ], [ 294, 305 ], [ 334, 345 ], [ 466, 469 ], [ 471, 476 ], [ 482, 490 ], [ 771, 795 ], [ 942, 974 ], [ 998, 1015 ], [ 1020, 1037 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Someone to Call My Lover\" was released as the second single on June 12, 2001. It was also a success, peaking at number three on the Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks. The song became a top ten and twenty hit internationally. It earned a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. The third single, \"Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You),\" was remixed to feature Missy Elliott and additional vocals from Carly Simon. Released on November 6, 2001, it peaked at number twenty-eight on the Billboard Hot 100, and the top fifteen and thirty of many countries internationally, also reaching number thirteen in Europe. Its single version was later included as a bonus track on the album's re-release. \"Come On Get Up\" was intended to be the album's fourth commercial single, but was canceled following the conclusion of Jackson's world tour. It was released exclusively in Japan in November 2001. \"Trust a Try\" was also intended to be released as a single, with Jackson saying, \"I'll get around to \"Trust a Try,\" because I love that song.\" A single version was prepared but was not released, as Virgin Records ceased promotion for all artists on the label following large financial losses from Mariah Carey's Glitter project and recording contract.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Singles", "target_page_ids": [ 1685881, 150148, 199286, 2781902, 180519, 177233, 4349570, 93767, 19499, 2031833 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 240, 252 ], [ 268, 301 ], [ 322, 374 ], [ 400, 413 ], [ 441, 452 ], [ 733, 747 ], [ 1126, 1140 ], [ 1225, 1237 ], [ 1240, 1247 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All for You received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 73. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic favored All for You over her last studio album, The Velvet Rope, calling it \"alluring, easily enveloping the listener.\" Erlewine added, \"This is her sexiest-sounding record, thanks to Jam and Lewis' silky groove and her breathy delivery, two things that make the record palatable.\" Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly gave the album a 'B' rating, saying, \"Despite a few missteps, All for You is about as good as modern diva-pop gets, with a higher ratio of worthy-to-mediocre songs than might be expected... it adds up to a lot more than most female singers have done for us lately.\"", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Critical reception", "target_page_ids": [ 805870, 221722, 33274, 1747792, 697535, 1339618, 541239 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 81 ], [ 99, 109 ], [ 186, 193 ], [ 207, 230 ], [ 234, 242 ], [ 291, 306 ], [ 541, 561 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Anthony DeCurtis of Rolling Stone gave the album three-and-a-half out of five stars, declaring it \"just as fresh, familiar and appealing as you've come to expect from Jackson, and that's no small achievement.\" Gene Stout of The Seattle Post-Intelligencer called All for You \"one of the best of her career,\" while John Mulvey of Yahoo! Music UK referred to it as \"her most unnerving and plausible character thus far.\" Mulvey added, \"This is a much more satisfying album than The Velvet Rope, even if most of the songs are overlong and a few juggle satin sheet-cliches with self-help ones to numbing effect. Nevertheless, All for You stands as a monument to the positive effects of divorce.\"", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Critical reception", "target_page_ids": [ 3252206, 25441, 432612, 1988033 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ], [ 20, 33 ], [ 224, 254 ], [ 328, 340 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Rating it three out of four stars, Steve Jones of USA Today commented. \"the singer is in a sexy, fun-loving mood […] While she overdoes the between-song interludes here, she never fails to get you to move. When it comes to burning up a dance floor, she is still Ms. Jackson.\" Jon Pareles of The New York Times stated, \"Ms. Jackson luxuriates in textures as dizzying as a new infatuation,\" commended the album as containing \"songs so baroquely sumptuous that they're virtually experimental.\" Pareles added, \"Boudoir ballads undulate in torrid slow motion while Ms. Jackson moans like a phone-sex operator, and uptempo tunes hark back to disco, splice mock-operetta to hard rock or, in Better Days, conjure an easy-listening 1960's-pop apotheosis.\" Her vocals were also praised, saying \"Countless overdubs of Ms. Jackson's voice turn her into an airborne choir; computer rhythms thump and sizzle.\" He concluded saying the album \"isn't as immediately melodic as Ms. Jackson's previous albums, but it compensates for lost catchiness with unabashed strangeness.\"", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Critical reception", "target_page_ids": [ 208463, 7916488, 30680 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 59 ], [ 276, 287 ], [ 291, 309 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine called it \"generally upbeat and positive\", commending her return to making \"fun and cheery pop music.\" The Tech stated, \"All for You as a whole makes for fun listening. Bouncing from orgiastic sex music to bubble gum pop music to soulful ballads, the album contains a true range of music... At any rate, bubble gum pop, easy as it comes, gets a twist with Janet, elegantly escorted with acoustic guitars and the whole gamut of computerized yet natural-sounding instrumentals. Perhaps what sells the album, more than the songs, is Janet’s voice and her innovative (and frankly, courageous) use of beats and harmonies. Janet’s voice is as pristine as ever, and, never outshined... she overpowers every track.\"", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Critical reception", "target_page_ids": [ 3316805, 2328423 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 32 ], [ 136, 144 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Upon the release of All for You, Jackson was awarded Billboard's Artistic Achievement Award. Jackson also received four nominations at the Billboard Music Awards ceremony. She had also been the recipient of the American Music Award's \"Award of Merit,\" awarded to artists who provide \"major contributions to the musical entertainment of the American public,\" and the Recording Academy's \"Governor's Award.\" Jackson received three nominations at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards, winning Best Dance Recording for \"All for You\", and nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for \"Someone to Call My Lover.\" She received the American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist and was nominated for Favorite Soul/R&B Album.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Accolades", "target_page_ids": [ 18309966, 566109, 408362, 8850489, 150148, 485002, 923814, 199286, 1685881, 4717598, 40982672 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 62 ], [ 139, 161 ], [ 211, 231 ], [ 366, 383 ], [ 448, 473 ], [ 483, 503 ], [ 541, 561 ], [ 566, 599 ], [ 605, 629 ], [ 649, 705 ], [ 728, 751 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All for You debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, selling 605,128 copies in its first week. At the time of its release, it had the second highest opening sales from a female artist in SoundScan history, only behind Britney Spears's Oops!...I Did It Again, and tenth highest overall. As of 2014, the album has the fifteenth highest first week sales by a female solo artist. It placed at number two in its second week, with 310,000 copies sold. In its third week, it sold 215,000 copies, placing at number three. It sold 149,000 copies the following week, achieving an estimated total of 1,279,128 copies sold within its first month of release. It also opened at number one in Canada, with first week sales of 37,200 and in South Africa with 44,722 copies sold in its first week.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Commercial performance", "target_page_ids": [ 730350, 1160421, 3382, 20971625 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 57 ], [ 193, 202 ], [ 224, 238 ], [ 241, 263 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All for You was a commercial success internationally, debuting within the top three of Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, South Korea, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. It also opened within the top five of Denmark, the Netherlands, Japan, Norway, and Sweden. It debuted within the top ten of Austria, Italy, New Zealand, and Spain, and the top twenty of Ireland and Poland. It peaked at number two on European Top 100 Albums. In February 2014, it debuted at number thirty-nine on South Korea's Gaon Chart.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Commercial performance", "target_page_ids": [ 12965196, 29047622 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 415, 438 ], [ 508, 518 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 18, 2001, denoting two million units shipped. It was certified gold in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. It was certified triple platinum in Canada and Japan, where it became the biggest selling international pop album of the year, and quadruple platinum in South Africa. As of September 2009, All for You has sold 3,107,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan. It also sold an additional 100,000 copies through BMG Music Club.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Commercial performance", "target_page_ids": [ 308159, 18949819, 1160421, 1966508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 39 ], [ 47, 88 ], [ 532, 549 ], [ 601, 615 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Despite explicit language and sexual content, initial album pressings did not contain a Parental Advisory warning. A clean version of the album was released exclusively at Walmart stores, censoring several songs for language, as well as omitting \"Would You Mind\" completely. The album was re-released in late 2001 with a Parental Advisory label, along with a new bonus track; a remix of \"Son of a Gun\". A clean version with the added remix was also released (with \"Would You Mind\" still omitted), and became more widely available than the original clean version. Regarding the content, Jackson stated \"I do understand that for the younger audience, All for You is a pretty heavy record. For them I've made an altered version. I've been asked to watch my mouth a little, but hell no! This is me, this is what I want to do, so accept it. I don't want to live my life controlled by other people.\"", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Controversy", "target_page_ids": [ 675789, 33589 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 88, 105 ], [ 172, 179 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Upon its release, All for You was banned in Singapore after the Publications Appeal Committee decided the album's lyrics, in particular \"Would You Mind\", were \"not acceptable to our society\". The country's law officials had previously banned Jackson's prior album, The Velvet Rope, due to three songs containing lyrics about homosexuality. Several retail chains, including Wherehouse Music affixed their own \"explicit content\" labels to the album. RIAA president Hilary Rosen stated, \"We don't think retailers should have to do that. That's the label's responsibility, and EMI [Virgin's parent company] has assumed that responsibility.\" In response to the incident, Jackson said:", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Controversy", "target_page_ids": [ 27318, 1339618, 5488304, 61778710, 18949819, 140624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 53 ], [ 265, 280 ], [ 325, 338 ], [ 373, 389 ], [ 448, 452 ], [ 573, 576 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album achieved several chart records, attaining the second highest first-week sales for a female artist in SoundScan history at the time. Lead single \"All for You\" became the first song to be added to every pop, urban, and rhythmic radio format within its first week of release, and was the highest debut for a single not commercially available in both the United States and France. It had the highest debut and largest opening airplay figure on the Radio Songs chart, debuting at number nine with an audience impression of 70 million. It was also the biggest selling international single of the year in Japan. The album received three Grammy Award nominations for Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for \"Someone to Call My Lover,\" winning Best Dance Recording for \"All for You.\" The album won Top Pop Album of the Year at the Japan Gold Disc Awards. Billboard ranked All for You at number 141 on the \"Top 200 Albums of the Decade.\" Sputnikmusic placed it at number 43 on their list of \"Best Pop Albums of 2001.\"", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 1160421, 1685861, 1954403, 44635, 923814, 199286, 1685881, 485002, 1685861, 9910431, 18309966, 21206376 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 111, 120 ], [ 155, 166 ], [ 454, 465 ], [ 640, 652 ], [ 669, 689 ], [ 694, 727 ], [ 733, 757 ], [ 769, 789 ], [ 795, 806 ], [ 856, 878 ], [ 880, 889 ], [ 962, 974 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All for You received praise for its sonic innovation and subsequent influence. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated that the album's signature hits \"All for You\" and \"Doesn't Really Matter\" uphold \"Janet, Jam, and Lewis' reputation as the leading lights of contemporary urban soul.\" Piers Martin of NME said, \"Busy yourself with those nappies, Madge – this is what it really feels like to be a girl. All For You finds Jackson in predatory mode, keen to reclaim both in the boudoir and on the dancefloor territory which is today dominated by pneumatic mini-Janets like Britney, Christina and J-Lo.\" People Magazine ranked it among the year's best albums, stating, \"Take that, Britney! Move over, J.Lo! With a new generation of dance-pop divas following in her fancy footsteps, the baby Jackson shows who is still in control with this all-encompassing album that bounces from hip-hop to rock to classical—even during the same song—without missing a funky beat.\" Dennis Kelly of The Morning Call added, \"If imitators such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, et al., are quiet the next few months, it's because the Queen of Pop has sent them back to class with new material to study.\" Charles Taylor of Salon exclaimed Jackson \"has turned into a more interesting figure than Madonna, and a maker of better music.\" The Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan announced Jackson to be the highest paid recording artist in history, signing a contract with Virgin Records in the mid of the 90's worth $90 million, and was declared to have surpassed the influence of Michael Jackson. MTV News also noted the album's first week sales nearly doubled those of Michael's Invincible, released later that year.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 697535, 156699, 142056, 507970, 2797830, 256702, 2063248, 93767, 14995351, 859907, 1023623 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 87 ], [ 304, 307 ], [ 349, 354 ], [ 603, 618 ], [ 981, 997 ], [ 1207, 1212 ], [ 1322, 1359 ], [ 1454, 1468 ], [ 1563, 1578 ], [ 1580, 1588 ], [ 1663, 1673 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Steve Burgess of Salon stated, \"Janet Jackson may well be the beneficiary of contemporary pop’s Lilliputian landscape\", surpassing \"her less-talented peers\". Burgess added, \"More often, though, a Janet Jackson song on the radio is a deluxe buffet set up on a compost heap. Pass the sauerkraut.\" Dan Aquilante of The New York Post wrote, \"Jackson has written a 14-song manual that explains not only how you can please her, but lists the rewards in store for those who manage the task... While Mothers Against Everything will be appalled by Janet’s dirty pillow talk, many adult ears will find it very sexy, wrapped around the listenable Lewis/Jam beats.\" Jackson also received MTV's inaugural Icon tribute. The Sun Sentinel stated, \"Before Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, there was Janet Jackson, with her choreographed songs and trendsetting fashion,\" with the special intended as a \"star-studded salute to the singer-songwriter-actress.\" MTV News added, \"Pop Lolitas-of-the-week may come and go, but this Jackson, it seems, is forever.\"", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 102227, 1064800, 715880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 312, 329 ], [ 636, 645 ], [ 706, 722 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Entertainment journalist Kelley L. Carter regarded it among \"the most influential albums to be released since 2000,\" declaring it \"set the tone for much of what we’re hearing on the radio from current female pop stars. Anything Rihanna, Beyoncé and Britney are doing right now, was heard on this album.\" Its fusion of \"old-school pop sounds\" with rhythmic influences are thought to be frequently emulated; adding \"She sang about female empowerment, even though hers is a voice that is lightweight, and it demanded that you take listen to it.\"", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The \"funkier and hipper\" style of Britney Spears' third album Britney was thought to emulate All for You with \"reasonable success\" in multiple songs. Spears' song \"Anticipating\" was considered to be directly influenced by the album's title track. Two singles from the album, \"I'm a Slave 4 U\" and \"Boys,\" were originally written and produced for All for You; the latter also recorded by Jackson. Spears also recorded another unreleased Jackson song titled \"My Big Secret\" for her fourth album, In the Zone, though it did not make the final release.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 3382, 291465, 2072405, 1717804, 1951970, 365930 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 48 ], [ 62, 69 ], [ 164, 176 ], [ 276, 291 ], [ 298, 302 ], [ 494, 505 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Rihanna's fifth studio album Loud and single \"Only Girl (In the World)\" drew several comparisons to All for You, with critics noting its sonic transition to an upbeat dance sound from prior release Rated R in a similar vein to Jackson's contrast from the darker tone of The Velvet Rope. Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine stated, \"like Janet's album, Loud is a step away from its über-personal, melodrama-drenched predecessor.\" Throughout the campaign, Rihanna also evoked Jackson's Velvet Rope era imagery. Ne-Yo's \"Say It\" was thought to resemble the album's sensual ballads. Record producer Rockwilder revealed Jackson to be his first pop collaboration and an essential part of his career, leading him to work with Christina Aguilera for the singles \"Lady Marmalade\" and \"Dirrty.\" Rolling Stone likened the production of Aaliyah's self-titled third album to the record. Sal Cinquemani of Slant observed several songs on Usher's 8701 to recall \"bona fide Janet Jackson tracks\" similar to the album. Christina Milian's debut album was considered to be heavily influenced by the album. The sensual content and interludes of Missy Elliott's This Is Not a Test! also drew comparisons to the album's exploration of similar themes. Following All for You being reissued with a Parental Advisory warning and clean edition, Jennifer Lopez's sophomore album J.Lo received a similar treatment by Epic Records, thought to be influenced by Jackson's decision after media emphasis was placed on its explicit language and content.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 2110323, 32262361, 28756474, 24713950, 1339618, 3316805, 2172695, 9256048, 1587747, 144171, 1689096, 2426292, 25441, 2144, 1127874, 215554, 657902, 1497325, 180519, 1858823, 675789, 16175, 2617755, 263859 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 7 ], [ 29, 33 ], [ 46, 70 ], [ 198, 205 ], [ 270, 285 ], [ 305, 319 ], [ 506, 513 ], [ 515, 521 ], [ 592, 602 ], [ 716, 734 ], [ 752, 766 ], [ 773, 779 ], [ 782, 795 ], [ 822, 829 ], [ 844, 855 ], [ 921, 926 ], [ 999, 1015 ], [ 1018, 1029 ], [ 1122, 1135 ], [ 1138, 1157 ], [ 1270, 1287 ], [ 1315, 1329 ], [ 1348, 1352 ], [ 1385, 1397 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Several album tracks gained notoriety within the entertainment industry, in particular \"Would You Mind\" due to its racy composition and explicit sexual content. Erotic Revolutionaries author Shayne Lee called the song \"a bold and proactive sexual maneuver for even a twenty-first century woman,\" adding, \"she tells her man she's going to kiss, touch, lick, taste, bathe, ride, and feel him deep insider her. She ends the song by requesting that he come inside of her and let his juices flow deep in her passion.\" Its shock value was considered \"enough to make Donna Summer's \"Love to Love You Baby\" sound like Christian rock.\" Its explicit lyrics caused the album to be banned in several conservative countries such as Singapore. The song was used in films such as stoner comedy How High. Its \"gravity defying and mouth watering\" live rendition was regarded among the most controversial performances of her career. In 2012, it was ranked the steamiest song of her discography; an anecdote saying, \"This song is so racy people use it as a euphemism when talking about what they did the night before when children are present.\" \"Trust a Try\" also received critical focus for its innovation, called a \"bold musical move\" which \"begins with the intricacies of a string quartet before falling into metal attack\"; thought to be \"within spitting distance of the avant-garde.\"", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 19616015, 149561, 7682579, 27318, 14942276, 1373922, 13869, 76095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 448, 466 ], [ 560, 574 ], [ 576, 597 ], [ 719, 728 ], [ 765, 771 ], [ 779, 787 ], [ 1293, 1298 ], [ 1355, 1366 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sample credits", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"All for You\" contains a sample from \"The Glow of Love\" as performed by Change", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 2174883 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 73, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"China Love\" contains a sample from \"Moonlight City Roa\" as performed by Yoko Shimomura from the Legend of Mana soundtrack", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 220187, 1216176 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 74, 88 ], [ 98, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)\" contains a sample from \"You're so Vain\" as performed by Carly Simon", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 609802, 177233 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 80, 94 ], [ 112, 123 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Truth\" contains an interpolation of \"O-o-h Child\" performed by Five Stairsteps", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 20251190, 2322073 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 50 ], [ 65, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Someone to Call My Lover\" contain a samples from \"Ventura Highway\" as performed by America and \"Gymnopedié No. 1\" as performed by Erik Satie", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 11371303, 149240, 1448154, 9956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 67 ], [ 85, 92 ], [ 98, 114 ], [ 132, 142 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Notes", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Would You Mind\" is not included on clean versions of the album due to explicit content.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Michael Abbott – engineer", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Alex Al – bass", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " David Anthony – producer", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " David Ashton – assistant engineer", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " David Barry – guitar", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Lee Blaske – string arrangements", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Mike Bozzi – assistant mastering engineer", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Evelina Chao – viola", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Nathaniel Cole – violin", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Fran Cooper – make-up", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " D-Man – remixing, mixing", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jonathan Dayton – video director", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 2210031 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Diddy – remixing", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 152447 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sean Donnelly – design, animation", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " René Elizondo, Jr. – video director", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 3061544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Missy Elliott – performer", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 180519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Valerie Faris – video director", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", 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multi-instruments, producer, executive producer", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1064800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Seb Janiak – video director", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " John Kennedy – violin", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kathy Kienzle – harp", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Joshua Koestenbaum – cello", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Tom Kornacker – violin", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kim Kyu Young – violin", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 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[ "2001_albums", "Albums_produced_by_Jimmy_Jam_and_Terry_Lewis", "Albums_produced_by_Rockwilder", "Albums_produced_by_Sean_Combs", "Janet_Jackson_albums", "Obscenity_controversies_in_music", "Virgin_Records_albums" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The Kannapolis Cannon Ballers are a Minor League Baseball team of the Carolina League and the Single-A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox. They are located in Kannapolis, North Carolina, and play their home games at Atrium Health Ballpark. The team was established in 1995 as the Piedmont Phillies. From 1996 to 2000, they were known as the Piedmont Boll Weevils. From 2001 to 2019, they were known as the Kannapolis Intimidators, after Kannapolis native NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt, who was known as \"The Intimidator,\" purchased a share of the team before the 2001 season.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 48704155, 70295, 31155653, 5945, 87482, 62463330, 21114, 7893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 57 ], [ 70, 85 ], [ 94, 102 ], [ 120, 137 ], [ 159, 185 ], [ 216, 238 ], [ 455, 461 ], [ 469, 483 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Cannon Ballers franchise moved to Kannapolis in 1995 from Spartanburg, South Carolina, where it had been a Class A affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies since the franchise's beginning in 1963. Debate raged in the Kannapolis area over what to name the team, with team officials finally deciding to call the team the Piedmont Phillies for the 1995 season.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 134672, 31155653, 23741 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 89 ], [ 111, 118 ], [ 136, 157 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A name-the-team contest in the fall of 1995 drew thousands of entries, and the team settled on the boll weevil as the team's new mascot, indicative of Kannapolis's history as a textile mill town (Kannapolis natives are even called \"lintheads\"). The Piedmont Boll Weevils kept that mascot until after the 2000 season, when NASCAR racer Dale Earnhardt purchased a share in the team's ownership. It was then that the name was changed to the Kannapolis Intimidators, in honor of Earnhardt's nickname. The team's logo was designed by Sam Bass, who has designed paint schemes and uniforms on many NASCAR, IndyCar, and NHRA race cars. It was also during that off-season that the team's parent club changed from the Phillies to the Chicago White Sox, making the Intimidators the third White Sox farm team to be located in the Carolinas, following the Charlotte Knights and the Winston-Salem Warthogs (now known as the Winston-Salem Dash).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 170822, 51892, 21114, 7893, 36895425, 5945, 671149, 1654898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 99, 110 ], [ 177, 184 ], [ 322, 328 ], [ 335, 349 ], [ 529, 537 ], [ 724, 741 ], [ 843, 860 ], [ 869, 891 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Earnhardt, who drove the number 3 car in NASCAR, was killed in an accident at the Daytona 500 in February 2001. Following Earnhardt's death, the Intimidators avoided assigning the number 3 for team uniforms. Team manager Razor Shines, originally slated to wear the number, changed his uniform number to 43. The team officially retired number 3 on May 15, 2002, in memory of their former co-owner, similar to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim retiring the number 26 (the 26th man) in honor of former owner Gene Autry.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 9002161, 11677164, 7720450, 1360083, 176742 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 74 ], [ 82, 93 ], [ 221, 233 ], [ 412, 441 ], [ 505, 515 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "From 1995 to 2019, the team played in Intimidators Stadium (formerly Fieldcrest Cannon and later CMC-NorthEast Stadium) in Kannapolis. \"The Cannon\" was still under construction when the Piedmont Phillies began play in 1995. Upon completion in late 1995, during the winter, the stadium seated 4,700 fans. The stadium changed names on April 3, 2012, under a new naming rights agreement for the 2012 season. For 2016, the naming rights deal quietly ended, with the name reverting to Intimidators Stadium.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1952414 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Current or former Major League Baseball players to pass through Kannapolis include Jimmy Rollins and Dave Coggin of the Philadelphia Phillies, as well as Jack Egbert, Gordon Beckham, Chris Getz, Brent Morel, and Clayton Richard of the Chicago White Sox. Marlon Byrd, Jorge Padilla, Ryan Madson, and Brett Myers played for the 2000 Piedmont Boll Weevils. Also, NFL running back Ricky Williams played for the Boll Weevils during the late 1996 and 1997 seasons while he was also playing college football for the University of Texas.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 38776, 838457, 18997521, 14522789, 17795247, 9798067, 28676238, 18519145, 1996225, 23876621, 2687497, 3068236, 21211, 429067, 6771, 32031 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 39 ], [ 83, 96 ], [ 101, 112 ], [ 154, 165 ], [ 167, 181 ], [ 183, 193 ], [ 195, 206 ], [ 212, 227 ], [ 254, 265 ], [ 267, 280 ], [ 282, 293 ], [ 299, 310 ], [ 360, 363 ], [ 377, 391 ], [ 484, 500 ], [ 509, 528 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On October 30, 2018, ground was broken on a new ballpark in downtown Kannapolis as part of a mixed-use redevelopment plan. The stadium was scheduled to be ready for the team's 2020 season opener on April 16, 2020, but the Minor League season was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The stadium quietly opened to fans in early May as a public park, following appropriate COVID-19 protocols.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 62463330, 62750956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 56 ], [ 266, 283 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With the move, the team announced in February 2019 that it would seek ideas for a new name to be introduced at the same time. The new owners cited their inability to widely market the Intimidator name due its association with Earnhardt, and trademark rights held by his estate. On October 23, 2019, the team unveiled its new identity as the Kannapolis Cannon Ballers. Team leadership looked for a name that reflected both the city's heritage and its association with auto racing. \"Cannons\" was among the most popular suggestions, which was refined into \"Cannon Ballers\" for a broader appeal. The mascot — a baseball-headed stuntman — has a mustache reminiscent of Earnhardt's. A public vote was held to determine the mascot's name, with \"Boomer Baller\" announced as the winner on January 15, 2020.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In conjunction with Major League Baseball's restructuring of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Cannon Ballers were organized into the Low-A East. In 2022, the Low-A East became known as the Carolina League, the name historically used by the regional circuit prior to the 2021 reorganization.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 38776, 70295 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 41 ], [ 135, 145 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Smith Family Baseball, owned by Illinois businessman Dale Smith and his son Brad (the team's President) bought the team from Dale Earnhardt, Inc. and motorsports magnate Bruton Smith in December 2004. Larry and Sue Hedrick, the owners who bought the Spartanburg Phillies in 1993 and eventually moved them to Kannapolis, retained a minority share of the team's ownership.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Ownership", "target_page_ids": [ 14849, 56317881, 11044448, 3897910 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 40 ], [ 125, 145 ], [ 170, 182 ], [ 201, 206 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A group led by Reese L. Smith III announced the purchase of the Intimidators in 2015, subject to approval by the South Atlantic League, Minor League Baseball and the Commissioner of Baseball. The Kannapolis city council voted to transfer the lease of the stadium to Intimidators Baseball Club LLC.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Ownership", "target_page_ids": [ 304101 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 166, 190 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The team was purchased by Temerity Baseball, LLC, following the 2018 season. Entrepreneur, lawyer and financial services expert Andy Sandler is the CEO and founder of Temerity Baseball.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Ownership", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Spartanburg/Kannapolis franchise has appeared in four SAL championship series, winning two:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Championship series history", "target_page_ids": [ 70299 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 58, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1988 (Spartanburg Phillies) – defeated Charleston, 3 games to 0", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Championship series history", "target_page_ids": [ 1623663 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1995 (Piedmont Phillies) – lost to Augusta, 3 games to 2", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Championship series history", "target_page_ids": [ 881987 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "2005 (Kannapolis Intimidators) – defeated Hagerstown, 3 games to 1", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Championship series history", "target_page_ids": [ 1196035 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "2017 (Kannapolis Intimidators) – lost to Greenville, 3 games to 1", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Championship series history", "target_page_ids": [ 30871195 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Baseball Hall of Fame alumni", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 4078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ryne Sandberg (1979) Inducted, 2005", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 303018 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Notable alumni", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Andy Ashby (1988–1989) 2-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 5807284 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dylan Axelrod, Major League pitcher", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 32993515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Bell (1979) 3-time MLB All-Star; 1987 AL Most Valuable Player", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 318101 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jimmy Bloodworth (1954)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 6134707 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Barry Bonnell (1975)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 8871199 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ricky Bottalico (1992) MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1593472 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Larry Bowa (1966) 5-time MLB All-Star; 2001 NL Manager of the Year", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 607106 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lloyd Brown (1926)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 8604908 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marlon Byrd (2000) MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1996225 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Don Carman (1979)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 5440704 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Spud Chandler (1955) 4-time MLB All-Star; 1943 AL Most Valuable Player", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1741785 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Joe Charboneau (1976) 1980 AL Rookie of the Year", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 325306 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rocky Colavito (1952) 9-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 660876 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bartolo Colón (2009) 4-time MLB All-Star; 2005 AL Cy Young Award", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1711737 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mark Davis (1979) 2-time MLB All-Star; 1989 NL Cy Young Award", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 2726877 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Darren Daulton (1981) 3-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1146323 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bob Dernier (1978)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 2054139 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adam Eaton (1997) ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 3454744 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jim Essian (1970)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 5352662 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Brad Goldberg (2013), MLB pitcher", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 51068844 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gio González (2004–2005), MLB All-Star Washington Nationals starting pitcher.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 8474441, 885151 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 40, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jason Grimsley (1987)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1552552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kevin Gross (1981) MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 4457966 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Willie Hernandez (1974) 3-time MLB All-Star; 1984 AL Cy young Award; 1984 AL Most Valuable Player", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 30863614 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Chris James (1983)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 2787767 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mike LaValliere (1981)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 3146936 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mike Lieberthal (1991) 2-time MLB All-Star ; Gold Glove", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1329027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Brandon McCarthy (2004) ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 4950071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Chuck McElroy (1987)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 7220121 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mike Maddux (1983)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1460097 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ryan Madson (2000)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 2687497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jerry Martin (1972)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 4247349 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Buck Martinez (1968)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1587356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Billy Moran (1953) 2-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 11553907 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mickey Morandini (1989) MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1487263 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Keith Moreland (1975)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 4961470 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jim Morrison (1974)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 10562771 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Brett Myers (2000)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 3068236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dickie Noles (1976)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 8011390 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Carlos Quentin (2009) 2-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 6074035 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dave Roberts (1963)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 9007085 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Scott Rolen (1994) 7-time MLB All-Star; 1997 NL Rookie of the Year", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1046460 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jimmy Rollins (1997) 3-time MLB All-Star; 2007 NL Most Valuable Player", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 838457 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sergio Santos (2009)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 9335588 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Scott Service (1986)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 9689114 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Carlos Silva (1999) ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 640795 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lonnie Smith (1975) MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 3876416 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tony Taylor (1982, MGR) 2-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 2578677 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Andre Thornton (1969) 2-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 1783437 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Manny Trillo (1969) 3-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 625014 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Derrick Turnbow (1999) MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 2151702 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tom Underwood (1973)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 2407279 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ozzie Virgil (1977) 2-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 2733972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hal Wagner (1938) 2-time MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 11555894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bob Walk (1977) MLB All-Star", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 5451272 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tillie Walker (1910–1911) 1918 AL Home Run Leader", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 4348262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ricky Williams (1996–1997) NFL Pro-Bowl; 1998 Heisman Trophy", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Notable franchise alumni", "target_page_ids": [ 429067, 288191 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 47, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Official website", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Chicago_White_Sox_minor_league_affiliates", "Dale_Earnhardt", "Kannapolis,_North_Carolina", "Professional_baseball_teams_in_North_Carolina", "Rowan_County,_North_Carolina", "Defunct_South_Atlantic_League_teams", "Baseball_teams_established_in_1995", "Sports_teams_in_Charlotte,_North_Carolina", "1995_establishments_in_North_Carolina", "Carolina_League_teams" ]

[ "Kannapolis Intimidators" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Damita Jo is the eighth studio album by American singer Janet Jackson. It was released on March 30, 2004, by Virgin Records. The album takes its title from Jackson's middle name. Its music incorporates pop rock, electro, house, and hip hop styles, in addition to R&B. Its concept is based on Jackson's alternate personalities, exploring themes involving intimacy, monogamy, love, and dance. Its production is derived from producers including Dallas Austin, Scott Storch, BAG & Arnthor, Arnthor Birgisson, Rich Harrison, Télépopmusik, Just Blaze, and Kanye West; in addition to Jackson and Jam & Lewis.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 60070, 93767, 1564758, 446771, 13930, 18945847, 2529904, 1575672, 1584020, 7093517, 27547751, 1842847, 1119112, 1833164, 523032, 1064800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 69 ], [ 109, 123 ], [ 202, 210 ], [ 212, 219 ], [ 221, 226 ], [ 232, 239 ], [ 263, 266 ], [ 442, 455 ], [ 457, 469 ], [ 471, 484 ], [ 486, 503 ], [ 505, 518 ], [ 520, 532 ], [ 534, 544 ], [ 550, 560 ], [ 589, 600 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album was recorded over 18 months, the longest span of time Jackson had spent on a project. Jackson sought to find producers who identified with her emotions, intending \"hard-hitting dance music\". Producers declared it \"a really sexy record\" which was bold, fun, and positive. Multiple personae portrayed include the obstinate \"Damita Jo\" and lascivious \"Strawberry Bounce\". Jackson stated that they were \"another way to express and expose a deeper part of me\", comparing her writing process to that of a novelist; inventing characters with independent personalities. Jackson claimed that the aforementioned characters \"absolutely\" live inside of her, stating it \"feels wonderful\" to release them.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6674649 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 187, 198 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Prior to its completion, Jackson performed a medley of hits at the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show. The performance ended in Jackson's breast being exposed by surprise guest Justin Timberlake. Conglomerates involved with the broadcast who received massive fines by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), including Viacom and CBS, and subsidiaries MTV and Infinity Broadcasting, enforced a blacklist of Jackson's singles and music videos, although Timberlake was unaffected. The album received generally favorable reviews. Jackson replied to critics focusing on the album's suggestive content and the Super Bowl incident in place of the music itself, stating she was \"fascinated\" by these interpretations, expressing concern for society's need to often place others within a specific sexual category. It garnered Jackson's second highest first-week sales in the US, and was certified platinum. Damita Jo sold over two million copies worldwide. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary R&B Album. Jackson was awarded several career accolades throughout its promotion. The album spawned four singles: \"Just a Little While\", \"I Want You\", \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" and \"R&B Junkie\".", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 498971, 498971, 69323, 55974, 183050, 37653, 18856, 3436301, 44635, 932185, 3284136, 2650935, 3284203, 3973148 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 67, 99 ], [ 149, 156 ], [ 175, 192 ], [ 270, 308 ], [ 326, 332 ], [ 337, 340 ], [ 359, 362 ], [ 367, 388 ], [ 969, 981 ], [ 997, 1024 ], [ 1130, 1149 ], [ 1153, 1163 ], [ 1167, 1188 ], [ 1195, 1205 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Prior to recording, Jackson experienced massive success with All for You (2001). Lead single \"All for You\" peaked at number one for seven weeks in the United States, becoming the biggest hit of the year, and attained success internationally. The entertainer embarked on the All for You Tour, which garnered over twelve million viewers upon its broadcast on television network HBO. Jackson had also recorded the unreleased theme for the film Chicago. Jackson's personal life became a subject of media attention; in particular her rumored romances with actor Matthew McConaughey, recording artist Justin Timberlake, and producer Jermaine Dupri.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background and development", "target_page_ids": [ 1445665, 1685861, 4989282, 4765530, 201534, 27834683, 69323, 625079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 72 ], [ 94, 105 ], [ 274, 290 ], [ 376, 379 ], [ 441, 448 ], [ 557, 576 ], [ 595, 612 ], [ 627, 641 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jackson had considered postponing music for other career plans, but ultimately decided to record a new album. Jackson attempted several new musical styles; lyrically exploring her sexuality more explicitly and freely. A central theme of split personalities is incorporated within the content of several songs. Jackson stated \"It shows the different sides of me, the different characters that I feel that I display at different moments in my life\" [...] \"I am divulging myself a little more on this album, and it's definitely much more intimate. That's another side of myself that people have seen, but not to this level.\" Comparing the process of producing to directing, Jackson searched for \"sensitive people who can technically express what I'm going through emotionally\" while seeking new collaborators. Jimmy Jam added: \"Her albums are always what she's thinking at the moment.\" \"Her thoughts may change six months from now. Her biggest thing is to be honest with her fans. Whatever stuff she wants to talk about, it's coming from her heart.\" Dallas Austin said \"she always shows what's going on with her life through her records, reveals the phase she's in with her life and brings out that experience.\" Jackson's representative Stephen Huvane stated \"Personally, she's not comfortable with being Janet in public [...] When she's performing, that's a different thing. We always planned that when the album came out, we would do the proper promotion.\" Producer Jimmy Jam commented: \"Between albums she likes to go live life, recharge her batteries and be able to share her experiences. It not only raises her artistic level, she's able to talk about things she's going through – and other people can relate. That's one of the things that allows her to connect truly with the fans.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background and development", "target_page_ids": [ 1064800, 1575672 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 807, 816 ], [ 1047, 1060 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Alternate identities presented include \"Damita Jo\", an aggressive persona mentioned during the album's title track and \"Sexhibition\", and \"Strawberry\", a lascivious performer who emerges on \"Strawberry Bounce\". Speaking about the personae, Jackson said \"She's another way to express and expose a deeper part of me.\" \"Damita Jo\" is \"a lot harsher, and quick to put you in your place. She doesn't sit and ponder about stuff, where I'll go, 'Should I or shouldn't I?' She's tougher than I am. Then there's Strawberry. She's the most sexual of them all, the wildest.\" Blender magazine commented the latter identity represents \"a time when she doesn't need to be the polite, professional Janet, and can turn into raw, unrestrained Strawberry.\" Jackson added \"It's not an everyday indulgence. Not even every week. But every now and then I like playing around in that mode.\" Jackson said the characters \"absolutely\" live inside of her, exclaiming \"it feels wonderful\" to release them. The concept is further explored in \"Looking for Love\", in which Jackson says every individual is composed of \"many people rolled into one\", unified by a similar motive of seeking love, companionship, or identity.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background and development", "target_page_ids": [ 1170208 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 564, 571 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For Damita Jo, Jackson worked with producers such as Télépopmusik, Dallas Austin, BAG & Arnthor, Kanye West, Scott Storch, and Babyface. The record saw Jackson liberated from recording exclusively with Jam & Lewis; which she had attempted upon recording with Rockwilder and The Neptunes for All for You. Jackson composed and co-produced all of the album's songs with the exception of two; writing with Cathy Dennis, Shelly Poole, INOJ, and then-upcoming artists Sean Garrett and John Legend. The album's early direction focused primarily on house music and electroclash. Planned collaborations with the Basement Jaxx, The DFA, and Richard X were announced, although the latter two did not come to fruition. Jimmy Jam stated, \"It's kind of all over the place. We have some kind of up tempo dance house things, we have some funky down tempo things, a couple of real sensual ballads.\" Jon Platt, then-vice president of Virgin Records, commented, \"The second half of the album was very easy once me and Janet got to know each other, and found the songs that really were true to her and that she can sing with conviction.\" An early report stated Jackson desired the record to be \"edgy and experimental\". Additional sessions with The Neptunes, Rich Harrison, Guy Chambers, Dre & Vidal, and Channel 7 took place, but were not included on the final release.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Recording and production", "target_page_ids": [ 1119112, 1575672, 7093517, 523032, 1584020, 495150, 1587747, 348364, 1445665, 506295, 892567, 1898020, 1151570, 1575279, 13930, 149001, 347264, 1841908, 1602421, 6674649, 13930, 345132, 93767, 348364, 1842847, 1142642, 4354361, 2612709 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 65 ], [ 67, 80 ], [ 82, 95 ], [ 97, 107 ], [ 109, 121 ], [ 127, 135 ], [ 259, 269 ], [ 274, 286 ], [ 291, 302 ], [ 402, 414 ], [ 416, 428 ], [ 430, 434 ], [ 462, 474 ], [ 479, 490 ], [ 541, 552 ], [ 557, 569 ], [ 603, 616 ], [ 618, 625 ], [ 631, 640 ], [ 789, 794 ], [ 795, 800 ], [ 828, 838 ], [ 916, 930 ], [ 1224, 1236 ], [ 1238, 1251 ], [ 1253, 1265 ], [ 1267, 1278 ], [ 1284, 1293 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album took eighteen months to complete, the longest Jackson had spent recording an album. Its initial stages of \"hard-hitting dance music\" were inspired by Zero 7 and Télépopmusik, who later produced the album's interludes. \"Some of the songs have a definite sort of ambient quality to them,\" said producer Jimmy Jam. Jam added \"There's some house stuff, which there always is [on her albums].\" \"There is going to be some more guitar-flavored things\" [...] \"happy up-tempo songs, the very funky tunes, the very sensual, sexy ballads.\" Dallas Austin considered it \"easily the most sexy thing she's done.\" \"To me, this is her Dirty Mind,\" Austin explained. \"It's a really sexy record, but not in a sensual way. It's bold, it's fun, it's really positive. Nobody's sad, nobody's mad. It's just really fun songs where she happens to be talking frankly about sex.\" The sensual direction originated from the aura Jackson exuded to Austin while recording. \"Guys won't know what to do with themselves after this,\" said Austin, laughing at the prospect. \"It's one of the best records she's made.\" Then-newcomer Kanye West exclaimed his sessions with Jackson were \"unbelievable\", having previously expressed desire to collaborate. Songwriter Sean Garrett described being \"starstruck\", calling the session an \"essential\" part of his early career. \"I thought working with Janet would change my life and it definitely did. [...] She was one of those people that I really wanted to work with.\" Anders Bagge of BAG & Arnthor commented \"That's my dream, she's the one I would give anything to work with. The ultimate female artist,\" Arnthor Birgisson adding, \"let's just say we will definitely be prepared if and when that happens.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Recording and production", "target_page_ids": [ 1641284, 1119112, 55319, 1575672, 533694, 523032, 1151570, 7093517, 27547751 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 160, 166 ], [ 171, 183 ], [ 271, 278 ], [ 539, 552 ], [ 628, 638 ], [ 1105, 1115 ], [ 1235, 1247 ], [ 1483, 1495 ], [ 1620, 1637 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Several collaborations were considered during the album's recording sessions, including duets with Pink and Gwen Stefani, who summoned Jackson's main producers Jam & Lewis for Love.Angel.Music.Baby during the same period Damita Jo was recorded. Jackson and Beyoncé planned to record a duet for the soundtrack of the film Shark Tale. Producers Jam and Lewis, who had recently worked with Beyoncé for The Fighting Temptations soundtrack, commented \"Obviously we'd love to have the involvement of Janet and Beyonce. [...] They've already expressed interest.\" A report of Beyoncé wanting to use Jackson's vocals for Destiny's Child's fourth album Destiny Fulfilled later surfaced. Prior to Jackson's Super Bowl performance incident, Jackson and Justin Timberlake discussed potentially recording a duet for the album, as well as a rumored collaboration for a Quincy Jones album, though neither came to fruition. A sequel to prior duet \"Scream\" with Michael Jackson titled \"We've Had Enough\" was reported for Michael's forthcoming studio album shortly after the album's release, produced by Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins. Jackson was approached to record a cover of \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\" with English boy band Blue, but could not proceed due to scheduling conflicts. A re-release intended to include six new tracks was reportedly planned. During a radio interview, entertainment producer Jonathan Murray was rumored to confirm additional details, saying a collaboration with Usher was initially planned after Jackson had met with him in London. Murray was also rumored to reveal some of the new tracks would be produced by Jermaine Dupri in addition to Lil Jon, who confirmed working with Jackson on entertainment channel E! in July. It was scheduled for the fourth quarter of the year, however, the concept was seemingly canceled and plans were withdrawn.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Recording and production", "target_page_ids": [ 215566, 167805, 1064800, 1017772, 83688, 334874, 18993404, 169410, 972631, 498971, 69323, 205508, 1685844, 14995351, 1876559, 1428820, 5553691, 1241234, 4291667, 215554, 17867, 625079, 1212268, 528107 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 99, 103 ], [ 108, 120 ], [ 160, 171 ], [ 176, 197 ], [ 257, 264 ], [ 321, 331 ], [ 399, 423 ], [ 612, 627 ], [ 643, 660 ], [ 696, 727 ], [ 741, 758 ], [ 854, 866 ], [ 931, 937 ], [ 944, 959 ], [ 968, 984 ], [ 1085, 1111 ], [ 1158, 1193 ], [ 1217, 1221 ], [ 1395, 1410 ], [ 1482, 1487 ], [ 1544, 1550 ], [ 1630, 1644 ], [ 1660, 1667 ], [ 1729, 1731 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jackson worked with several producers not featured on the album, including the Basement Jaxx, The Neptunes, Rich Harrison, Just Blaze, Channel 7, Guy Chambers, Dre & Vidal, Makeba Riddick, Nisan Stewart, and Missy Elliott; as well as rumored sessions with Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins. Additional songs with Dallas Austin, Télépopmusik, and Jam & Lewis were also not used. Sessions with The DFA, Richard X, Daniel Bedingfield, Mario Winans, and Diddy were planned but did not take place. Several unused songs have since leaked onto the internet. Two songs produced by Rich Harrison titled \"Pops Up!\" and \"Speed it Up (Put it On Me)\" were leaked along with \"Love Me\", a newly recorded urban remix of \"Just a Little While\" produced by Just Blaze. The latter two appeared on a Japan bootleg vinyl.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Recording and production", "target_page_ids": [ 347264, 348364, 1842847, 1833164, 2612709, 1142642, 4354361, 26533918, 9194068, 180519, 1428820, 1841908, 1602421, 747739, 704710, 152447, 62582825, 3284136, 460625 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 92 ], [ 94, 106 ], [ 108, 121 ], [ 123, 133 ], [ 135, 144 ], [ 146, 158 ], [ 160, 171 ], [ 173, 187 ], [ 189, 202 ], [ 208, 221 ], [ 256, 282 ], [ 385, 392 ], [ 394, 403 ], [ 405, 423 ], [ 425, 437 ], [ 443, 448 ], [ 518, 524 ], [ 655, 662 ], [ 682, 687 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Other outtakes include \"Could this Be Love\", appearing on unofficial Russian pressings following \"Like You Don't Love Me\" and later used in the production of Usher's \"Truth Hurts\", and \"Ruff\", produced by The Neptunes. Jackson considered including \"Ruff\" on her tenth album Discipline. Two other demos produced with Harrison titled \"Clap Your Hands\" and \"What Can I Say\" also leaked. In December 2013, several demos were released via Tumblr; including demos of \"SloLove\" with an unused acoustic bridge and ending, and extended version with an instrumental breakdown and acoustic midsection, as well as demos of \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" and \"Put Your Hands On\" with slightly altered production. Three unused songs produced with Dallas Austin are titled \"Lucky Again\", \"Let it Go\", and \"If You Want Me To\". An unused song titled \"Almond Joy\" was written with Nisan Stewart and likely produced with Missy Elliott. Jackson considered writing a song about the Super Bowl incident to express her concerns.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Recording and production", "target_page_ids": [ 215554, 239036, 19042782, 18701436, 9194068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 158, 163 ], [ 167, 178 ], [ 274, 284 ], [ 434, 440 ], [ 856, 869 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album's lyrical content is divided between themes of love and romance, while also discussing lust and monogamous intimacy. An underlying theme of alternate personalities is explored, with Jackson's substitute personae \"Damita Jo\" and \"Strawberry\" appearing on several songs. Jackson explained the album shows several sides of her personality, as well as a \"more private side\"; saying \"The album is about love[. ...] Damita Jo is one of the characters that lives inside of me.\" A producer stated Jackson had done \"a lot of the writing and co-production\", conceptualizing \"a balance of a lot of different sides of Janet's personality.\" After Jackson's controversial Super Bowl performance incident, Jackson was urged to remove or tone down the suggestive lyrics of several songs, but resisted pressure to do so. \"A lot of people had concerns and wanted me to take certain songs off the album, but I refused, because in doing so I wouldn't be who I am,\" said Jackson. \"I'm not going to change, and that's fine. Either they like it, or they don't.\" Spliced between several songs are \"mystifying\" interludes consisting of brief autobiographical soliloquies regarding relaxation, astrology, and Karma; in which Jackson attempts to intimately communicate her inner thoughts with the listener.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 498971, 2122, 16864 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 668, 699 ], [ 1178, 1187 ], [ 1193, 1198 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Commenting on the album's themes Jackson said;", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The album's opening monologue, \"Looking for Love\", serves as a prelude to the album's content of romance and passion. Jackson deciphers society's unification within the desire for affection in a breathy tone over a spatial and \"dreamy\" electronic backing: \"So many different characters live within us – all looking for love.\" The florid discourse was considered \"quasi spiritual\" and \"deeply sensual\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 9510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 236, 246 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The second song, \"Damita Jo\", is composed of hip-hop and brittle funk. The instrumentation includes bells, cat calls, and rap inflected scratches, with \"shyly sexual\" vocals. Thematically, Jackson focuses on being misunderstood in the media, in \"Do you think that I'm that person you watch on T.V.?\", and the concept of a hidden personality. The song's \"tricked-out\" lyrics feature Jackson reflecting her different moods, in \"sexy, quiet, shy, but down for a good time\", and describe her alter persona, in \"Miss Jackson don't, but Damita sure would.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 18945847, 10778, 2871881, 18945847 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 52 ], [ 65, 69 ], [ 107, 115 ], [ 122, 125 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Sexhibition\" is an electro-funk song composed of \"cleverly crafted\" verbal puns, delivered with \"saucy assertiveness\". The song opens with rattling tablas and stuttering guitars. In the lyrics, Jackson again sings from the point of view of \"Damita Jo\", in \"intermittent vocal bubbles\" to discuss the pleasures she intends to provide. Jackson states \"Relax, it's just sex\", at the song's closing. The fourth track, \"Strawberry Bounce\", depicts Jackson method acting a sensual display as alter ego \"Strawberry\". Characterizing herself as a one-woman gentleman's club, Jackson asks her partner to \"Let me be your playground\". The song morphs a sample of Jay-Z's vocals into its instrumentation of chimes, snapping rhythms, and synthesizers. Fusing new-school hip-hop with pop, Jackson sings \"watch the way I pump it, the way it works is gonna keep you comin'\", in a feverish pant. Jackson's looped chorus hook, and the song's \"tasty\" beat, were described to compose an \"insanely catchy number\", which merits repeats and \"begs to be remixed, flipped, and stripped\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 446771, 10778, 21787554, 59495, 1140859, 162870, 5029152, 18945847 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 27 ], [ 28, 32 ], [ 149, 154 ], [ 452, 465 ], [ 549, 565 ], [ 652, 657 ], [ 660, 666 ], [ 757, 764 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"My Baby\" is a mid-tempo love song depicting a sonic valentine to Jackson's fiancé. The song features gentle acoustic guitars and shuffling percussion, and guest vocals from Kanye West, over \"breezy\" and \"laidback\" production. Jackson delivers the chorus in a reassuring manner; described as a \"sotto voce purr\". \"The Islands\" is a spoken-word segment in which Jackson confesses her admiration for the island of Anguilla, the beach, and tropical humidity. The interlude segues into \"Spending time With You\", a contemporary \"slow jam\". Lyrically, the song captures Jackson in a moment of love. Jackson speaks about evenings relaxing in prior said location in brief interlude, \"Magic Hour\", which transitions to \"Island Life\". In \"Island Life\", described as \"pure seduction\", Jackson refers to herself and a companion in an exotic paradise in a lilting vocal: \"Island in the sun, just you and I will go/Ride into the wave like echo.\" Its instrumentation contains throbbing bass and light concoctions of Caribbean-influenced music and ragga pop.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 523032, 1217, 9078882, 18956035, 25596 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 174, 184 ], [ 412, 420 ], [ 843, 850 ], [ 1001, 1010 ], [ 1032, 1041 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"All Nite (Don't Stop)\", the album's third single, contains elements of electropop and funk; incorporated with varied-instrumentation, including samba, grime, and Latin percussion. The song talks about enjoying leisure time dancing at a club through lyrical metaphors: \"Shake it 'til you're shaking the floor/Pop it like you're popping a cork/Don't stop, don't stop.\" The \"ultra-sexy\" song was, according to a review, primed to \"fill dancefloors around the globe with its sultry groove and shocking lyrics.\" Eleventh track \"R&B Junkie\" has a \"retro\" feel consisting of 1980s funk, dance-pop, and upbeat synths. It transforms a brief sample from Evelyn King into a new composition, considered a likely candidate for a summer club hit. The song's positive vibe was described as a sonic \"ambrosia\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 3284203, 186244, 10778, 28261, 1225329, 43355228, 3973148, 10778, 526089, 2175171, 1369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 72, 82 ], [ 87, 91 ], [ 145, 150 ], [ 152, 157 ], [ 163, 168 ], [ 526, 536 ], [ 577, 581 ], [ 583, 592 ], [ 647, 658 ], [ 787, 795 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"I Want You\" is a classic pop ballad influenced by Motown music of the 1950s and 1970s. The song's instrumentation includes a chime-studded texture, violins, heavy drums, and a girl-group arrangement over production described as an \"electronic reconstruction\". The \"retro\" song was likened to the music of Karen Carpenter, and has a \"swooning charm\". \"Like You Don't Love Me\" blends guitars and heavy bass with youthful vocals and a repeated chorus littered throughout. The lyrics talk about feeling neglected sexually, with Jackson encouraging her partner to role play as if they were not in a monogomous relationship: \"You need to make love to me/Like you don't love me [...] Do me like you wanna do them other girls.\" The song ends with a spoken reprise of the album's title track's chorus.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 2650935, 167396, 431092 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 51, 57 ], [ 306, 321 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The ballad \"Thinkin' 'Bout My Ex\" continues the album's transition into a distinctly slower tempo. Backed by acoustic guitars, Jackson displays humanity in the song's topic of longing for a former companion while in a new relationship. Jackson apologizes to her current partner: \"When I'm holding you late at night/I'm thinkin' about my ex [...] And I know sorry doesn't mend your broken heart.\" The song's theme was considered \"heartening\" and a \"crucial\" culpability. \"Warmth\" is described as an \"aural journey\" in which Jackson performs oral sex on her partner while in a moving vehicle. Jackson again displays method acting; providing descriptive details of the event over swirling ambient guitars. Whispers and moans are heard, as Jackson compliments her companion, and performs with authority over the track's minimal \"bass thump\": \"Just like the water from the shore/Let your rain pour [...] But nothing can compare to the warmth of my mouth.\" Jackson sings over the light sound of rain and thunder, representing climax and ecstasy. Jackson later clarified \"There was something in my mouth\" as it was recorded.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 2480306 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 540, 548 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Grouped together in an \"oral suite\", the erotic tone continues on \"Moist\"; in which Jackson is on the receiving end of pleasure. The theme of \"uncontrived\" lust and soft vocals were compared to prior hit \"Any Time, Any Place\". Brief interlude \"It All Comes Down to Love\" sees Jackson describing love as truthful, honest, undeniable, sincere, and unforgettable. \"Truly\" is a love song with a stripped down and quiet production, backed by light guitars and strings. Jackson's vocal delivery was described as \"beautiful\". Interlude \"The One\" accompanies Jackson's final monologue of romance with flourishes of electronic music. \"SloLove\" is a deep house-influenced dance song with elements of jazz. Jackson talks about experiencing an intimate moment over a long period of time. In interlude \"Country\", Jackson speaks about her various nicknames and origin of her middle name while a country guitar twang is played.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 1685952, 9510, 13930, 15613 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 205, 224 ], [ 607, 623 ], [ 640, 650 ], [ 690, 694 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album's final track is lead single \"Just a Little While\", which opens with funk guitars and transitions into uptempo pop-rock. Jackson blends carnal and \"dirty\" intentions with innocent desires, and longs to be intimate with her partner again: \"Can't stop thinking about the things we do/And how it feels making love to you [..] You know I'll take it anywhere/That you wanna go right now/Just love me for a little while.\" The song has been described as \"push-button rock & roll\" and the album's \"most interesting, and energetic moment\", although its placement as the last track was considered \"odd\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 3284136, 1564758 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 59 ], [ 121, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Japanese edition of the album contains two bonus tracks–\"I'm Here\" and \"Put Your Hands On\". In \"I'm Here\", Jackson convinces a companion she'll never abandon them and stops them from expressing negative thoughts: \" I don't wanna hear you say/Your wall stands tall of stone/Because love harassed you with pain/You feel you'll grow old alone [...] Someone wanting to love you deeply/Won't you let me?\" In \"Put Your Hands On\", Jackson sings of aligning with her lover's energy over a midtempo house beat.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music and lyrics", "target_page_ids": [ 13930 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 494, 504 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Damita Jo was titled after Jackson's middle name and one of her alternative personae shown on the album, which Jackson described as a \"tougher\" version of herself. Jackson previously desired to record an album which was a \"complete departure\" from what she is known for and title it after her middle name, but was convinced to use the title for the album by producer Dallas Austin. The title was initially used as self-acceptance, saying \"My mother made up \"Damita.\" I presumed \"Jo\" was for Joseph, my father, even though I later learned it wasn't. Because he was emotionally withdrawn, I was never comfortable using it. For years I didn't. Now I love being called Jo. I've come to the point where I'm trying to accept – even embrace – everything that has happened to me. I believe that without acceptance there's no serenity.\"", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Title and artwork", "target_page_ids": [ 1575672, 1442176 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 367, 380 ], [ 491, 497 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jackson appears topless on the album's cover, visually representing the album's intimate and sensual theme. Jackson's representative commented \"She just wanted a simple and youthful picture that she felt people would like. It's beautiful, soft. So far, fans love it\", adding \"web sites have been going crazy\". The cover was shot by Andrew McPherson.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Title and artwork", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Damita Jo was released on March 30, 2004, by Virgin Records; explicit and clean editions were released simultaneously. The album is Jackson's second to bear a Parental Advisory label, the first being All for You. The clean edition is heavily censored, removing all explicit and sexual content and omitting two songs entirely–\"Warmth\" and \"Moist\". Censoring is most notable in \"Sexhibition\" (which was retitled \"Exhibition\"), \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" (in which several lines had been removed), and \"Like You Don't Love Me\" (where most of the chorus was omitted). Prior to its promotion, Jackson performed a medley of \"All for You\", \"Rhythm Nation\", and \"The Knowledge\" at the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show. Surprise guest Justin Timberlake arrived to perform a duet version of \"Rock Your Body\", which ended in Jackson's breast being accidentally exposed. The incident resulted in the U.S. Federal Communications Commission enforcing massive fines on conglomerates involved with the broadcast, including CBS, Viacom, and MTV, who then blacklisted Jackson on many radio formats and music channels worldwide as a result.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 93767, 675789, 1445665, 1685861, 1685736, 417201, 498971, 69323, 3283716, 498971, 55974, 37653, 183050, 18856, 221697 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 59 ], [ 159, 176 ], [ 200, 211 ], [ 616, 627 ], [ 631, 644 ], [ 652, 665 ], [ 674, 706 ], [ 723, 740 ], [ 779, 793 ], [ 834, 854 ], [ 885, 923 ], [ 1004, 1007 ], [ 1009, 1015 ], [ 1021, 1024 ], [ 1035, 1046 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In March 2004, Jackson performed \"Just a Little While\" on various shows; including Top of the Pops, UK, Channel 4, and Les Années Tubes. Jackson appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman, and 106 & Park. In Canada, Jackson performed \"Just a Little While\", \"I Want You\", and \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" on Much on Demand, subsequently performing \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" on Canada AM and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Jackson made an in-store appearance and signing at the HMV music store in Harlem, New York. On March 31, 2004, Jackson performed \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" and \"I Want You\" on Good Morning America, and later on On Air with Ryan Seacrest. Jackson performed \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" and \"Strawberry Bounce\" on Saturday Night Live; also participating in several skits. The episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. Jackson recorded a live performance for MSN, and performed \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" and \"All for You\" at the annual Wango Tango concert.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 237031, 6321, 99955, 1756571, 1661026, 296105, 291049, 1144829, 427097, 18002099, 763013, 6579025, 185041, 12160226 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 98 ], [ 104, 113 ], [ 157, 191 ], [ 197, 207 ], [ 306, 320 ], [ 373, 382 ], [ 387, 417 ], [ 474, 477 ], [ 592, 612 ], [ 627, 652 ], [ 723, 742 ], [ 813, 833 ], [ 875, 878 ], [ 950, 961 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Various celebrities attended the album's release party, including photographer Patrick Demarchelier, actress Lindsay Lohan, music executive L.A. Reid, and musicians Courtney Love, Hoobastank, Isaac Hanson, Patti LaBelle, Ja Rule, Angie Stone, Ice-T, and Brian McKnight. Other attendees included Coco Austin, Al Sharpton, Wendy Williams, Elisabeth Röhm, Matt Serletic, Lennox Lewis, the Z100 staff, Dan Abrams, Lady Bunny, Jai Rodriguez, Betsey Johnson, and Padma Lakshmi, among others. Gift bags for Virgin Records Presents Damita Jo: A Celebration with Janet Jackson included nearly $18,000 in merchandise, a membership to an exclusive gym and double-sided tape to keep clothing in place to avoid a wardrobe malfunction. Jackson was presented a diamond Damita Jo nameplate necklace by label Virgin Records for the album's release.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 3085191, 8490390, 1731470, 5655, 637266, 102260, 186089, 144010, 1262163, 14709, 921221, 17736253, 166702, 1056193, 1012149, 2852488, 55964, 972107, 2067996, 323004, 489506, 2234792, 1071729, 536148 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 99 ], [ 109, 122 ], [ 140, 149 ], [ 165, 178 ], [ 180, 190 ], [ 192, 204 ], [ 206, 219 ], [ 221, 228 ], [ 230, 241 ], [ 243, 248 ], [ 254, 268 ], [ 295, 306 ], [ 308, 319 ], [ 321, 335 ], [ 337, 351 ], [ 353, 366 ], [ 368, 380 ], [ 386, 390 ], [ 398, 408 ], [ 410, 420 ], [ 422, 435 ], [ 437, 451 ], [ 457, 470 ], [ 700, 720 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jackson taped a performance of \"Just a Little While\" for Hey! Hey! Hey! and made an unannounced appearance at the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards Japan to perform \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\". Jackson was awarded the \"Inspiration Award\" at the ceremony. Following this, Jackson traveled to Australia to appear on Network Ten and Rove Live. Jonathan Ross interviewed Jackson upon her return to the United Kingdom; later performing several songs at Italy's Festivalbar. In France, Jackson performed on Tout le monde en parle and Hit Machine on June 3, 2004, before performing on Top of the Pops, as well as Denmark's Bercy Anniversary Show and Gala Xacobeo in Spain. Upon returning to the United States, Jackson performed a medley of \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" and \"R&B Junkie\" at the BET Awards 2004. Jackson made surprise performances of \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" and \"Together Again\" at New York's Gay Pride March. Jackson appeared at several award shows throughout the campaign, but was barred from attending the Grammy Awards and MTV Video Music Awards following the Super Bowl incident. Later that year, Jackson released video compilation The Videos.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 7019221, 22608784, 342308, 1128187, 151585, 12055109, 3305585, 237031, 36283657, 1686033, 6830640, 44635, 295217 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 71 ], [ 114, 147 ], [ 304, 315 ], [ 320, 329 ], [ 331, 344 ], [ 446, 457 ], [ 491, 513 ], [ 568, 583 ], [ 771, 786 ], [ 855, 869 ], [ 874, 900 ], [ 1001, 1014 ], [ 1019, 1041 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jackson had initially confirmed a world tour in support of Damita Jo, stating: \"I want to do something different, I have a few ideas and hopefully the fans will embrace it.\" The first date was planned for September 17, 2004. It was initially postponed due to Jackson focusing on the presidential election occurring within the same time period, commenting \"we desperately need a Democrat as president\"; as well as blacklisting from major companies regarding fines following Jackson's Super Bowl halftime show incident. After the election period, Jackson was approached to record her next studio album 20 Y.O. and postponed all plans for touring. One of the tour's several planned opening acts was Mario Winans, known for the hit \"I Don't Wanna Know\" with Enya. Janet would later perform songs from Damita Jo during her State of the World Tour, such as \"Spending Time with You\" and \"Island Life\".", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Release and promotion", "target_page_ids": [ 1297662, 5043544, 4043646, 704710, 4349307, 9482, 53935615 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 283, 304 ], [ 378, 386 ], [ 600, 607 ], [ 696, 708 ], [ 729, 747 ], [ 754, 758 ], [ 818, 841 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jackson released a promotional single \"Janet Megamix 04\" prior to the album's release. Three commercial singles were released from Damita Jo, although all were affected by the airplay and music channel blacklist following Jackson's controversial Super Bowl incident. \"Just a Little While\" was released as the lead single on February 2, 2004, after a premature leak. \"Just a Little While\" received highly positive reviews from critics, who felt its elements of rock and dance music would ensure success. Its airplay increased over five-hundred percent on its release, achieving \"sizeable\" downloads, but suffered when Jackson's blacklist was commenced by major radio broadcasters who were fined after Jackson's Super Bowl incident, affecting its performance worldwide. It reached number forty-five and within the top twenty in airplay in the United States, being her lowest peaking lead single since \"Come Give Your Love to Me\" over twenty years prior, though it peaked atop the Dance Club Songs chart. It held the top position for five weeks in Japan and was the year's second biggest international hit; also reaching number two in Belgium, three in Canada, and six in Spain. It also reached top ten in Hungary and top twenty in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Italy. The \"UK Radio Edit\" replaces guitars with synths and electronic beats. A re-recorded urban remix titled \"Love Me\" was produced by Just Blaze, initially planned for selected radio formats, but was withdrawn upon the radio boycott.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Singles", "target_page_ids": [ 16682350, 498971, 3284136, 25423, 6674649, 4621122, 2048096, 9510, 460625, 1833164 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 55 ], [ 246, 265 ], [ 268, 287 ], [ 460, 464 ], [ 469, 480 ], [ 900, 925 ], [ 978, 994 ], [ 1324, 1334 ], [ 1356, 1361 ], [ 1401, 1411 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Music executives had shown interest in several potential singles, including \"Sexhibition\", \"Island Life\", \"Thinkin' 'Bout My Ex\", and \"My Baby\", which Jackson said was \"a nice problem to have\". Jackson considered \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\", \"My Baby\", or \"R&B Junkie\" as the album's lead before selecting \"Just a Little While\". \"I Want You\" was released on April 5, 2004. The blacklist persisted to affect the single's performances, as it peaked at number fifty-seven on the Hot 100 and the top twenty of the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"I Want You\" reached the top twenty in the United Kingdom, but was released as a double single with \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" internationally, making it ineligible to chart in most markets. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and received a Grammy Award nomination. \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" was issued as the album's third single on May 29, 2004. It received favorable reviews for its innovation and fusion of various musical styles. In a similar fashion, its airplay was affected by Jackson's blacklist. It charted on the Mainstream Top 40 at number thirty-three in July 2004, also charting within twelve other territories due to high single sales, notably reaching the top twenty in the United Kingdom, and top twenty-five in Australia, Belgium, and Romania. \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" reached number one the Dance Club Songs chart, later declared \"one of the biggest records this year in several different scenes\" despite the airplay boycott due to its popularity. Music Week initially confirmed the fourth single to be \"My Baby\", a collaboration with Kanye West. On December 30, 2004, promotional single \"R&B Junkie\" became the album's fourth and final single. It was not regarded as an official single and did not have a music video or promotion. However, it received positive reviews and reached number one on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. In April 2004, the album's title track and \"My Baby\" charted on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart without being released as singles, peaking at number seventeen and nine, respectively.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Singles", "target_page_ids": [ 3284203, 3973148, 13745292, 18949819, 44635, 3284203, 25119562, 2520013, 523032, 3973148, 13745292, 13745292 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 214, 235 ], [ 253, 263 ], [ 506, 527 ], [ 756, 797 ], [ 820, 832 ], [ 846, 867 ], [ 1101, 1118 ], [ 1543, 1553 ], [ 1630, 1640 ], [ 1684, 1694 ], [ 1895, 1929 ], [ 2005, 2039 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Upon its release, Damita Jo received positive to mixed reviews from most music critics. The album holds an average score of 53 based on 13 reviews on Metacritic. Jesse Washington of Associated Press commended Damita Jo as \"sinfully appealing\" and \"infectious\", saying \"relaxation is the last thing on her agenda with this sinfully appealing concoction of infectious beats and scandalous lyrics.\" Washington added, \"Such content isn't unusual in today's pop culture landscape, where cable TV's raunch is stealing viewers and awards from broadcast networks and the Cat in the Hat tells dirty jokes on movie screens.\" Jackson's voice was considered \"sweet and frosting-light\" among the record's \"excellent tunes\", specifying \"We look for her to entertain us with excellent videos, saturate the radio with catchy tunes, and move our bodies in the club. Damita Jo\" has the goods to do exactly that.\" USA Today rated the album three out of four stars, saying Jackson \"isn't sweating it musically\" despite negative publicity. The critique said Jackson \"freely pursues her sexual and love fantasies\", noting \"If she ever seemed tentative in her erotic explorations in the past, she's completely self-assured here. [...] This is a happy, loving Jackson, as prone to romantic walks on the beach as to roadside quickies.\" Its premise of split personae was considered \"a bit complicated\", but clarified \"that's who Damita Jo is\". Jackson's new collaborators were said to induce a \"freshening\" effect while maintaining familiarity.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Critical reception", "target_page_ids": [ 33274, 805870, 18935732, 4803480, 208463 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 107, 114 ], [ 150, 160 ], [ 182, 198 ], [ 559, 577 ], [ 895, 904 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Rating it four out of five stars, Blender critic Ann Powers stated the album is \"Artfully structured, unapologetically explicit, Damita Jo is erotica at its friendliest and most well-balanced. This hour-plus of Tantric flow even erases the memory of Jackson's clunky Super Bowl breast-baring.\" Powers added \"Her lyrics, though hardly avoiding familiar sex talk, meld common exhibitionism with convincing intimacies. [...] Jackson brings bliss back to a subject that too many dirty-mouthed hotties have made tedious through overexposure.\" The album was also considered a \"soul-baring, bedroom-eyed record\" which was \"swimming in pop hooks\". Alexis Petridis of The Guardian rated Damita Jo four out of five stars, saying \"Damita Jo's opening salvo is an object lesson in keeping things concise. Four tracks, each barely three minutes long, go hurtling past in a head-spinning blur of snapping rhythms, buzzing synthesized noise and oddly disconnected samples: cut-up vocals and glockenspiel on Strawberry Bounce, rattling tablas on Sexhibition. Elsewhere, there are impossibly lithe basslines - notably on All Nite (Don't Stop) and I Want You, an intriguing electronic reconstruction of an early 1970s soul ballad.\" Petridis heralded the record as \"not only inventive, but brilliantly constructed\", with nagging hooks and \"explosive\" choruses. Calling pop a \"singles genre\", Power's said \"Damita Jo strike rate is remarkably high. It's triumphant stuff.\" Warner Bros. Publications declared the album \"flirty, sensual, hot pop\" in \"traditional Janet style\", adding \"The slow grooves blend together and the seductive vocals express passion.\" Robert Christgau of The Village Voice said \"Damita Jo starts off bold - But as the album proceeds it gets realer, mostly whispered softcore by the second half even when it's love songs per se. Call me immature, but I figure there's never enough good sex in the world. In a culture inundated with dirty pornos, Damita Jo is good sex.\"", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Critical reception", "target_page_ids": [ 1170208, 324502, 498971, 19344515, 34052, 556641, 184247 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 41 ], [ 211, 218 ], [ 267, 291 ], [ 659, 671 ], [ 1453, 1478 ], [ 1638, 1654 ], [ 1658, 1675 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Giving it three out of five stars, Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine criticized Damita Jo saying it featured \"a slew of the gooey, structureless sex ballads that have become Janet's staple.\" Cinquemani also called the songs \"Like You Don't Love Me\" and \"Moist\" \"two of the album's best.\" Entertainment Weekly rated it a 'C+' saying \"The tracks, many produced by her longtime collaborators Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, have the sumptuous, homogenized creaminess we've come to expect from her.\" Angus Batey of Yahoo! Music UK gave it four out of ten stars, saying \"Numerous explanatory spoken word asides seek to reassure us that Janet, as she approaches 40, is seeking love rather than reveling in lust.\" However, he called \"R&B Junkie\" \"a delicious throwback, like a glorious 'Rhythm Nation'\", \"I Want You\" \"a peculiar post-modern waltz with a '40s supper club vibe, being the ear-catcher\", and \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" \"another precision-tooled winner, with Jackson using an almost ethereal higher-pitched vocal delivery.\" Neil Strauss of Rolling Stone gave the album two out of five stars, saying Damita Jo \"smacks of trying too hard. [...] the truth is that Jackson is just trying to humanize herself, as she did so well on her breakthrough 1986 album, Control [...] Jackson has had eighteen years of monster hits, so it's hard to fault her instincts. [...] but there's too much of Jackson's moistness to wade through to get to Damita Jo's solid ground.\" Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said \"while sex indisputably fuels much great pop music, it isn't an inherently fascinating topic for pop music – as with anything, it all depends on the artist. [...] Damita Jo proves that she was merely flirting with modesty, since it's as explicit as pop music gets.\" Ian Wade of BBC Music had mixed feelings, saying that \"While there's nothing outwardly bad about Damita Jo, at 22 tracks over 65 minutes, your attention does start to wander and you almost forget it's playing. But after a third or fourth listen, the slick grooves of \"Spending Time With You\" and \"Island Life\" gain more identity. [...] Damita Jo heralds no real major leap forward, but it's no pig's ear either. A bit of editing and a couple of killer dance tracks would've made it even better.\"", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Critical reception", "target_page_ids": [ 3316805, 541239, 1988033, 3973148, 2650935, 3284203, 2959635, 25441, 497639, 1747792, 697535, 6368296 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 67 ], [ 287, 307 ], [ 505, 520 ], [ 721, 731 ], [ 792, 802 ], [ 893, 914 ], [ 1020, 1032 ], [ 1036, 1049 ], [ 1252, 1259 ], [ 1454, 1477 ], [ 1481, 1489 ], [ 1773, 1782 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Damita Jo achieved moderate commercial success, and was considered a \"disappointment\" in the media compared to Jackson's previous efforts. It sold 381,000 copies during its first week of release in the United States, debuting at number two on Billboard 200 behind Usher's Confessions. The album received a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) within two months of release, on May 27, 2004. It was Jackson's first album not to reach number one in the U.S. since Dream Street in 1984. Damita Jo has sold 1,002,000 copies in the US. In Canada, it debuted at number seven with sales of 9,100 units, and at number ten in Japan with 27,510 copies sold. It was certified platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) and gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for sales of 100,000 copies in each country. The album also reached number thirty-two on the UK Albums Chart, and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on April 2, 2004, denoting shipments in excess of 60,000 copies. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association Singapore (RIAS) in June 2004, and also peaked within the top twenty of Australia. It was the 15th best selling international album in South Korea, with 9,256 copies sold.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Commercial performance", "target_page_ids": [ 730350, 215554, 239036, 18949819, 2135448, 470666, 4023550, 2465857, 3897803, 17627213 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 243, 256 ], [ 264, 269 ], [ 272, 283 ], [ 338, 379 ], [ 505, 517 ], [ 724, 763 ], [ 787, 826 ], [ 927, 942 ], [ 976, 1005 ], [ 1106, 1146 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In total, Damita Jo has sold in excess of 2.4 million copies worldwide. Jackson's radio and music channel blacklist from major entertainment conglomerates massively affected the album's performance. Prior to the Super Bowl incident, Damita Jo was predicted to outsell predecessor All for You, which was certified double-platinum in US. Metro Weekly likened the album's performance to Madonna's American Life, saying after Madonna released the \"biggest flop of her career\", \"It's doubtful Jackson planned the Super Bowl stunt to be quite the reveal it was. She also didn't count on the backlash, a backlash that has actually caused her the same fate as Madonna: public apathy to her music.\" Ernest Hardy of LA Weekly observed its first-week sales to be \"far stronger than those of recent releases by Madonna, Britney, Whitney or J-Lo.\" Edna Gundersen of USA Today also said \"Jo outpaced recent debuts by Madonna, Jennifer Lopez and Christina Aguilera.\" The New York Times commented; \"The album is even sleeker and sexier than its predecessor, All for You, and in saner times, that would be enough to ensure its success.\"", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Commercial performance", "target_page_ids": [ 221697, 498971, 1445665, 3766419, 142056, 1160260, 1147161, 1160260, 1220722, 2538157, 25930330, 208463, 604585, 30680, 1445665 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 106, 115 ], [ 212, 231 ], [ 280, 291 ], [ 336, 348 ], [ 384, 391 ], [ 394, 407 ], [ 706, 715 ], [ 799, 806 ], [ 817, 824 ], [ 828, 832 ], [ 835, 849 ], [ 853, 862 ], [ 931, 949 ], [ 952, 970 ], [ 1042, 1053 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jackson stated: \"Of course everyone wants to sell records and be number one. And I think that's important. But for a lot of artists today, it's all about the money as opposed to the art. What happened to artists creating this wonderful body of music that touches people and changes their lives?\" In response to boycotted promotion, Jackson stated: \"A lot of people said they didn't even know the project was out, and I think that had a lot to do with the response. Yet a lot of fans in Europe came up to me saying they absolutely felt it was my best album. There were all kinds of reactions to the album, and there was obviously a lot of drama surrounding that album as well.\" Productions deadlines also caused Jackson to rush, saying \"Deadlines are hard for me; I don't like being forced to do things when you know you're not ready; when you're on the right path but you know you haven't gotten to the place you want to be.\"", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Commercial performance", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Following Jackson's controversial Super Bowl halftime show performance incident, conglomerates involved with the broadcast were heavily fined by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and taken to Supreme Court of the United States for several years. In retaliation, Viacom, owner of Super Bowl broadcaster CBS, MTV, and the radio station group Infinity Broadcasting, enforced a blacklist of Jackson's singles and music videos on their properties. The boycott was placed into effect prior to the release of Damita Jo, continuing throughout the course of Jackson's following two albums 20 Y.O. and Discipline. Justin Timberlake, who performed with Jackson during the incident, did not receive the same treatment. Glenn Gamboa of Newsweek stated \"Unfortunately, it's not clear whether these songs will get heard,\" saying after the incident, \"Jackson has been put in the pop culture penalty box. The result is that despite some initial backing for \"Just a Little While,\" radio and TV support for her music has withered, as the conglomerates worry about angering the FCC and Congress\" in fear of receiving fines for supporting Jackson. The excerpt added \"\"I Want You,\" for example, would have been an across-the-board smash pre-Nipplegate.\" A report uncovered Jackson to be \"unfairly blackballed on pop radio stations and blacklisted on video shows\", concluding \"the \"powers that be\" are out to ruin her.\"", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Controversy", "target_page_ids": [ 498971, 55974, 31737, 24580262, 37653, 18856, 3436301, 4043646, 19042782, 69323, 214169 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 79 ], [ 149, 187 ], [ 207, 241 ], [ 277, 283 ], [ 317, 320 ], [ 322, 325 ], [ 355, 376 ], [ 595, 602 ], [ 607, 617 ], [ 619, 636 ], [ 738, 746 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lead single \"Just a Little While\" quickly became the most added and played song on pop formats, increasing nearly five-hundred percent in airplay and garnering \"sizeable\" downloads. It received positive reception, however, its performance massively shifted when the blacklist was commenced; virtually disappearing from airplay. The boycott drew attention from critics when providing commentary on the album. Langston Wertz Jr. of The Charlotte Observer commented the incident made Jackson the \"most female artists of all time\" in the media, adding \"radio wouldn't play it and MTV wouldn't play her videos for \"I Want You\" and \"All Nite,\" two songs that would've been out-of-the-park hits at any other point in Jackson's career.\" Billboard noted \"The three singles it spawned were blacklisted by pop radio—they were also the albums biggest highlights—the electronic guitar studded \"Just a Little While,\" Motown-influenced \"I Want You\" and the funky, heavily dance orientated \"All Nite (Don't Stop).\" Allan Raible of ABC News expressed \"had the Super Bowl incident not happened, I have a feeling the rock-edged \"Just a Little While\" and the Kanye West assisted \"Strawberry Bounce\" would have been enough to make the album more of a success.\" Additionally, Doug Rule of The Metro Weekly revealed \"the best tracks on Damita Jo are likely to be barred from commercial airtime\" due to the blacklist, adding \"in the case of first single \"Just A Little While,\" never really get past go\" as a result.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Controversy", "target_page_ids": [ 2349275, 18309966, 167396, 318094, 523032, 3766419 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 431, 453 ], [ 731, 740 ], [ 905, 911 ], [ 1017, 1025 ], [ 1141, 1151 ], [ 1269, 1285 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Music channels owned by Viacom, including MTV and VH1, refused to air Jackson's videos or only aired them in minor rotation following the incident, stated to be \"a major catalyst\" in the album's performance. Associated Press stated \"MTV's \"Spanking New\" videos in heavy rotation include a gyrating, cleavage-baring Beyoncé [in \"Naughty Girl\"] and a bleeped-out Eminem with his group D12 [\"My Band\"]. Yet the sedate new video from Janet Jackson—a fixture on the cable channel for almost two decades and its first \"MTV Icon\"—has been absent from its playlist. Meanwhile, Jackson's name had barely been mentioned on MTV—unusual for a superstar whose previous projects have typically gotten heavy promotion.\" Jackson's collaborator Jimmy Jam commented \"You can probably read between the lines with MTV. [...] I would guess that if MTV wanted to play it, they would, but this is just speculation on my part. It certainly could raise a few questions if you have an investigative mind.\" Jam also commented, \"It's tough to click with audiences when you don't get support from the major media outlets. [...] It's interesting because the video was sent to Viacom – but somehow MTV didn't [receive it]?\" Gossip blogger Roger Friedman of Fox News ridiculed the decision, stating \"One thing is certain, however: Janet is being scapegoated for her Super Bowl \"wardrobe malfunction.\" [...] Imagine that MTV, where illiteracy and lewdness thrive most of the day, would banish Janet's new video because of her \"reputation.\" Who are they trying to kid? Of course, MTV is a corporate cousin of CBS, where the original snafu happened. But that's just a coincidence!\"", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Controversy", "target_page_ids": [ 18935732, 83688, 7220211, 4429395, 432696, 2490197, 3284136, 16161602, 29158379, 11121 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 208, 224 ], [ 315, 322 ], [ 328, 340 ], [ 361, 367 ], [ 383, 386 ], [ 389, 396 ], [ 408, 424 ], [ 513, 521 ], [ 1208, 1222 ], [ 1226, 1234 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Damita Jo was the first of Jackson's albums in the SoundScan era to miss reaching number one on the Billboard 200. However, it made Jackson the first female artist to have six consecutive studio albums debut within the number one or two position. Due to various blacklisting, the album is often considered to not have received proper recognition. The Daily Telegraph included Damita Jo among \"120 Essential Pop Albums\", commenting the \"luscious lost 2004 classic is like dining on a seven-course meal melted marshmallows\"; also remarked to be \"criminally underrated\". The album's accolades including a Grammy nomination for \"Best Contemporary R&B Album\", and rank among Blender's \"50 Greatest Albums\" and VH1's \"30 Hottest Naked Album Covers of All Time\" in 2013.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 1160421, 730350, 23797577, 44635, 932185, 1170208, 215619 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 60 ], [ 100, 113 ], [ 347, 366 ], [ 603, 609 ], [ 626, 653 ], [ 671, 680 ], [ 706, 709 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jesse Washington of Associated Press commended Jackson's output to remain \"consistently good\" and \"eclipsing Michael's\"; praising Jackson as equal to peer Madonna's: \"For creating pop confections that you can grind to on the dance floor [...] Jackson remains up there with Madonna as one of the best ever. She's still relevant and compelling 22 years after her first album, and will probably remain so long after her right breast is forgotten.\" Spence D. of IGN declared; \"There's no question that Jackson has the personality, the sensuality, and the voice to keep her at the top of the pop diva hierarchy.\" Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic likened the album to a \"low-key make-out record\" in the tradition of The Velvet Rope, praising its \"strong rhythmic or melodic hooks.\" LA Weekly declared it \"better than most reviews and word-of-mouth would have you believe\", and \"at least a minor-chord \"F-you\" victory to the wolves nipping at Janet's tits.\" Bob Smithouser of Plugged In considered the album's \"bouncy rhythms, playful vocals and slick production values\" to ultimately \"draw countless teens into her tacky web of nymphomania.\" Tom Moon of The Inquirer stated, \"Damita Jo will undoubtedly blaze new trails for artists seeking fame via salacious outlandishness.\" Kalefa Sanneh of The New York Times stated: \"Ms. Jackson long ago established herself as one of the greatest and most consistent performers [...] – she hasn't released a dud album in 20 years,\" adding Damita Jo \"continues that streak\". Sanneh concluded, \"Jackson has spent the better part of two decades using that whispery voice and that shy smile to keep some small part of herself hidden, even when she seems to be exposing herself. Maybe that's why she can still cause such a fuss. And maybe that's also how she's managed to last so long.\" Neil Strauss of Rolling Stone called the album \"all things to all pop fans\", ranging from \"whiffs of classic Eighties Janet, teeny-bopper pop, a Nelly impression, old-school funk, push-button rock & roll, even a little country & western.\" Mikael Wood of The City Paper declared it Jackson's \"most sonically sumptuous album\" and an \"explosion of finely finessed sound\". Los Angeles Times praised its balance between \"assembly-line product\" and innovation in \"more inspired commercial pop\". Its production was said to span \"decades of pop-music romance\" by Blender, ranging from the \"Motown sound\" to \"hip-hop's latest throwback beats\". Wood defended Jackson's lyrical content: \"the album's songs aren't any more moralistic than those by the frequently philandering male stars who get away with exposing their nipples all the time.\" However, Wood deciphered the album to be \"more about love than lust\", likened to \"a nuzzle on the ear\" and familiar comfort. Cromelin observed Jackson's vocal inflections to convincingly deliver \"serviceable personas\"; ranging from \"haughty stripper to a wide-eyed kid who loves long walks on the beach.\"", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 18935732, 14995351, 142056, 5519297, 697535, 1339618, 1147161, 46227, 113017, 30680, 25441, 169408, 5334781, 273319 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 36 ], [ 109, 116 ], [ 155, 162 ], [ 458, 461 ], [ 635, 643 ], [ 713, 728 ], [ 779, 788 ], [ 972, 982 ], [ 1151, 1163 ], [ 1290, 1308 ], [ 1833, 1846 ], [ 1962, 1967 ], [ 2071, 2085 ], [ 2186, 2203 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The album's vocal production received prominent recognition. Jackson's layered \"breathy harmonies\", built upon \"little countermelodies\" and overdubbed \"nonverbal asides\", were considered an inventive technique; providing a \"plush romance\". Jackson's approach to \"shrouded\" harmonies were also thought to produce intimacy and comfort; which \"makes even a relatively raw number like \"Sexhibition\" feel like a private moment between you and the owner of history's most downloaded breast.\" LA Weekly called Jackson's multilayered vocals her \"calling card and primary weapon\", backed by the album's lyrics as metaphorical \"bullets\". Robert Christgau regarded the \"synth-dance\" productions enhanced by \"sensual background murmurs\". Its vocals were described as \"lovely\" and \"quite graceful\", containing an \"unassuming flutter and grit\"; ultimately displaying a progression, saying \"Jackson has grown into her voice along with the rest of her body.\"", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 1147161, 556641 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 486, 495 ], [ 628, 644 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Several critics observed the theme of Damita Jo to subsequently influence artists using similar concepts of alternate identities within album campaigns, regarding Jackson as the trendsetter in which singers \"declare themselves in possession of multiple personalities\". Britney Spears' Britney Jean was observed to be titled with influence from Damita Jo. ABC News Radio stated \"taking a page from Janet Jackson's 2004 album, Damita Jo, Britney Spears has combined her first and middle names – Britney Jean – to come up with the title for her much-anticipated eighth studio album.\" Spears stated alternate persona Britney Jean lives inside her, in a similar means to Jackson expressing \"Damita Jo is one of the characters that lives inside of me,\" also appearing topless on its cover. Logo's TheBacklot considered Spears' \"How I Roll\", appearing on Femme Fatale, to be influenced by the Damita Jo track \"Strawberry Bounce\". Spears was photographed listening to Damita Jo in April 2008 and included its title track in a playlist for iTunes, saying \"I love to dance to this song. It has such a good beat to it.\" Spears played \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" for the audience prior to each show on The Circus Starring Britney Spears tour, including it among her favorite songs for The X Factor publication X Magazine in 2010. Upon Katy Perry referencing Jackson's Super Bowl incident in the music video for \"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\", Perry's alternate persona \"Kathy Beth Terry\" was likened to Jackson's \"Damita Jo\".", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 3382, 40798428, 3823332, 680080, 25120345, 30725985, 186266, 3284203, 20566096, 13779832, 16477368, 28153175 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 269, 283 ], [ 285, 297 ], [ 355, 369 ], [ 784, 788 ], [ 791, 801 ], [ 848, 860 ], [ 1031, 1037 ], [ 1124, 1145 ], [ 1186, 1220 ], [ 1269, 1281 ], [ 1319, 1329 ], [ 1396, 1424 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Several critics observed Beyoncé's persona \"Sasha Fierce\" and I Am... Sasha Fierce album to be influenced by Damita Jo. The Sydney Morning Herald stated \"When Janet Jackson released the album Damita Jo after the Super Bowl nipple furore, she told us that \"Damita Jo is one of the characters that lives inside of me\". And now Beyonce wants us to know that this album ... reflects how: \"I have someone else that takes over when it's time for me to work and when I'm on stage, this alter ego that I've created kind of protects me and who I really am.\" The Courant commented \"her musical forebear Janet Jackson is occasionally known as Damita Jo, so why shouldn't Beyonce have an alter-ego, too?\". The rear artwork of Jennifer Lopez's Rebirth drew comparisons to Jackson's Damita Jo album cover, depicting Lopez topless in a similar pose amidst a white backdrop. Critics cited \"Just a Little While\" to influence Crystal Kay's \"Busy Doing Nothing\" and Jennifer Lopez's \"Cherry Pie\". The Washington Times likened Whitney Houston's \"Like I Never Left\", a duet with Akon, to being inspired by Jackson's \"My Baby\", which featured Kanye West. AllMusic compared the erotic tone of Jill Scott's \"Crown Royal\" to the album's suggestive content. Furthermore, Lil' Kim released a remix of the album's title track.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 317947, 83688, 19706670, 259082, 498971, 308650, 16175, 2077988, 3284136, 1707917, 16175, 31399, 34071, 22838892, 5570621, 523032, 697535, 1082632, 215670 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 15 ], [ 25, 32 ], [ 62, 82 ], [ 120, 145 ], [ 212, 236 ], [ 549, 560 ], [ 714, 728 ], [ 731, 738 ], [ 874, 893 ], [ 908, 919 ], [ 947, 961 ], [ 978, 998 ], [ 1007, 1022 ], [ 1026, 1043 ], [ 1058, 1062 ], [ 1121, 1131 ], [ 1133, 1141 ], [ 1170, 1180 ], [ 1245, 1253 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In People Magazine, Christina Aguilera stated \"Damita Jo is a good album. I love that album. Janet never stops giving you what you want. She's an artist that will always be regarded as one of the best. Like Madonna, she's reinvented herself a lot and kept a connection with her audience. The whole Super Bowl thing ruined her reputation with the media and pretentious prudes, but who cares about them? She's still doing her thing.\" Actress Lindsay Lohan said she remained fit while filming Mean Girls by dancing to Jackson's Damita Jo album. Lohan had also attended the album's release party.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Impact and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 507970, 144171, 142056, 498971, 8490390, 10565718 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 18 ], [ 20, 38 ], [ 207, 214 ], [ 298, 314 ], [ 440, 453 ], [ 490, 500 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Notes", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " signifies a co-producer", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " On clean versions of the album, \"Warmth\" and \"Moist\" are not included due to explicit content and \"Sexhibition\" is re-titled as \"Exhibition\".", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sample credits", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Strawberry Bounce\" contains elements from \"Can I Get A...\" by Jay-Z featuring Amil and Ja Rule.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 5029152, 162870, 2015601, 144010 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 59 ], [ 64, 69 ], [ 80, 84 ], [ 89, 96 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"All Nite (Don't Stop)\" contains elements from \"Hang Up Your Hang Ups\" by Herbie Hancock.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 38123 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"R&B Junkie\" contains elements from \"I'm in Love\" by Evelyn King.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 22889398, 2175171 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 49 ], [ 54, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"I Want You\" contains elements of \"Close to You\" by B.T. Express.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 3499772, 2173374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 48 ], [ 53, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Put Your Hands On\" contains replayed elements from \"The Message\" written by Edward Fletcher, Sylvia Robinson, Melvin Glover and Clifton Chase.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Janet Jackson – vocals, backing vocals, production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Dallas Austin – beats, keyboards, Line 6 guitar, production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1575672 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bobby Ross Avila – bass, drums, guitar, keyboards, Moog lead, nylon guitar, production, Rhodes electric piano", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Babyface – instrumentation, production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 495150 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BAG & Arnthor – arrangement, engineering, production, programming", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Miri Ben-Ari – violin, violin arrangement, violin production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 2669857 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Paul Boutin – engineering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 47621352 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Billy Brown – backing vocals", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Henrik Brunberg – assistant engineering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jason Carson – engineering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Fran Cooper – make-up", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ian Cross – engineering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Roger Davies – management", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kevin \"KD\" Davis – mixing", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Freckles – backing vocals", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Brian \"Big Bass\" Gardner – mastering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 13562037 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jon Gass – mixing", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Serban Ghenea – mix assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Johnny Gill – guitar", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 998900 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lee Groves – programming", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Cesar Guevara – engineering assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Stephan Haeri – mixing", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Rob Haggett – programming assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Doug Harms – engineering assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Terri Harris – personal assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jeri Heiden – art direction, design", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Steve Hodge – engineering, mixing, mix engineering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Keenan \"Kee Note\" Holloway – bass", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kameron Houff – engineering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kevin Hunter – guitar", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jun Ishizeki – engineering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Iz – bass, co-production, drums, electric guitar, guitar, horn stabs, Moog synthesizer, percussion, scratches", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jimmy Jam – drum programming, drums, keyboards, percussion, production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1064800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Glenn Jeffery – guitar", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Henrik Jonback – guitar", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Goran Kajfes – horn", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Brent Kolatalo – engineering assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 66635835 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ken Lewis – instrumentation", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Terry Lewis – production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1064800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Wayne Scot Lukas – wardrobe", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Matt Marrin – mix engineering", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Manny Marroquin – mixing", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 9425822 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Andrew MacPherson – photography", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Glen Nakasako – art direction, design", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Big Jon Platt – A&R", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ervin Pope – keyboards", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Joni-Ayanna Portee – backing vocals", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Magnum Coltrane Price – bass", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Tony Reyes – backing vocals, bass, Line 6 guitar", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Tim Roberts – mixing assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Lindsay Scott – management", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Rick Sheppard – engineering, MIDI, sound design", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Xavier Smith – engineering assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Mark \"Spike\" Stent – mixing", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1775761 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dana Stinson – production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1587747 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Scott Storch – production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1584020 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Télépopmusik – production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1119112 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tony \"Prof T\" Tolbert – backing vocals", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " David Treahearn – mixing assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Rabeka Tuinei – mixing assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Max Vadukul – photography", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 7987196 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kanye West – vocals, production", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 523032 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Colin Wolfe – bass", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ghian Wright – engineering assistance, mixing assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Bradley Yost – engineer assistance", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Janet Zeitoun – hair styling, styling", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Damita Jo video page at janetjackson.com ", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "2004_albums", "Albums_produced_by_Babyface_(musician)", "Albums_produced_by_Dallas_Austin", "Albums_produced_by_Jimmy_Jam_and_Terry_Lewis", "Albums_produced_by_Kanye_West", "Albums_produced_by_Scott_Storch", "Janet_Jackson_albums", "Virgin_Records_albums" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Flip Your Wig is the fourth album by American band Hüsker Dü, released in September 1985. It was the best-selling album to that point for the band's label SST Records, and the last they made for that label. As the band's first self-produced album, they spent months in the studio to achieve higher-quality production for its melodic power pop songs.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 614818, 147713, 170909 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 60 ], [ 155, 166 ], [ 334, 343 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By 1985 Hüsker Dü was the best-selling band on SST Records. The band had wanted to produce their previous album New Day Rising, but SST insisted on sending long-time label producer Spot. With Flip Your Wig the band was finally allowed to self-produce. Recording took place over several sessions in the band's hometown of Minneapolis from March to June 1985, by far the longest the band had spent in the studio. The cleaner production complemented the more melodic songs, still performed with heavily distorted guitars in a high-powered manner.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 147713, 554754, 1994193, 6097240 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 58 ], [ 113, 127 ], [ 182, 186 ], [ 324, 335 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Guitarist Bob Mould and drummer Grant Hart each wrote roughly half the songs, which continued the band's trend toward power pop and away from the fast, noisy hardcore punk of their earliest material.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Songs", "target_page_ids": [ 553804, 1997832, 170909, 73010 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 19 ], [ 32, 42 ], [ 118, 127 ], [ 158, 171 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Makes No Sense at All\" was released as a single, with \"Love Is All Around\" (the theme song of the Mary Tyler Moore Show) on the b-side. The a-side was the band's first song to achieve significant airplay on album-oriented rock radio. and its video was the band's first.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Songs", "target_page_ids": [ 8812221, 28376625, 78217, 1127557 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 56, 74 ], [ 99, 120 ], [ 208, 227 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"The Baby Song\" was a tribute to Grant Hart's newborn child. In 2010, The A.V. Club named it one of \"24 songs that almost derail great albums\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Songs", "target_page_ids": [ 4444257 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Flip Your Wig appeared via SST in September 1985. It débuted at No.5 on the CMJ album charts and received more radio airplay and mainstream press attention than the band's earlier releases, including stories in Creem, Spin, Rolling Stone. Robert Christgau declared in The Village Voice that with the album's production the band had \"never sounded so good\", and the album placed in the top ten of the magazine's critics' poll for 1985 along with New Day Rising. Flip Your Wig became SST's best-selling album at the time of its release, moving 50,000 copies in its first four months.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Release and reception", "target_page_ids": [ 1216404, 863329, 613629, 25441, 556641, 184247 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 77, 80 ], [ 212, 217 ], [ 219, 223 ], [ 225, 238 ], [ 241, 257 ], [ 270, 287 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By the time the album was released Hüsker Dü had signed a record deal with the major-label Warner Music Group, who were keen to release the album themselves. However, out of loyalty, and because of SST's appointment of new promotions manager Ray Farrell, the album was given to SST.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Release and reception", "target_page_ids": [ 147101, 454544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 90 ], [ 91, 109 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Decades later, Bob Mould saw Flip Your Wig as \"the best album Hüsker Dü ever did\". Ira Robbins and John Leland at Trouser Press describe the album as \"Positively brilliant— fourteen unforgettable pop tunes played like armageddon were nigh\" and rate \"Makes No Sense at All\" as \"one of 1985's best 45s\". AllMusic's review says \"Flip Your Wig would be a remarkable record on its own terms, but the fact that it followed New Day Rising by a matter of months and Zen Arcade by just over a year is simply astonishing.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Release and reception", "target_page_ids": [ 3534127, 697535, 298277 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 115, 128 ], [ 304, 312 ], [ 460, 470 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Liner notes adapted from the album sleeve.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Hüsker Dü", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Bob Mould – guitar, bass, piano, lead and background vocals, percussion, producer", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 553804, 11846, 3916, 23034, 53207 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 13, 19 ], [ 21, 25 ], [ 27, 32 ], [ 74, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Greg Norton – bass", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 3132413 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Grant Hart – drums, lead and background vocals, vibraphone, slide whistle, percussion, producer", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1997832, 9079, 52872, 97145 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 14, 19 ], [ 49, 59 ], [ 61, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Technical", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Steve Fjelstad – engineer", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 21189305 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fake Name Communications – cover design", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 1997832 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bruce A. Christianson – front cover photography", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Daniel Corrigan – back cover and insert photography", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Hüsker_Dü_albums", "1985_albums", "SST_Records_albums", "Albums_produced_by_Bob_Mould" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": " is a 1986 Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) game released by Tecmo, which was later ported to the Amiga, Atari ST and Commodore 64. Mighty Bomb Jack is a sequel to the 1984 game Bomb Jack.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 18944028, 853157, 1980, 2141, 7293, 2526842 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 40 ], [ 64, 69 ], [ 101, 106 ], [ 108, 116 ], [ 121, 133 ], [ 181, 190 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Within PAL-A regions, the NES version was only released in Australia. The NES version was released on the Virtual Console on May 7, 2007 for the Wii, on December 6, 2012 for the Nintendo 3DS and on January 23, 2014 for the Wii U. It is also available to play on Nintendo Switch Online as of November 14, 2018, while an updated High Game Deviation Value! version was released on July 17, 2019. There was also a board game adaptation released by Bandai in 1986.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2622904, 421853, 26666629, 31512491, 59208482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 106, 121 ], [ 145, 148 ], [ 178, 190 ], [ 223, 228 ], [ 262, 284 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jack, the protagonist of the game, must make his way through 16 levels set within a pyramid in order to defeat the demon Belzebut and rescue the royal Pamera family.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Plot", "target_page_ids": [ 68315, 1910313, 23704, 8280 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 21 ], [ 64, 70 ], [ 84, 91 ], [ 115, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Each level is split into two parts; an action zone and a Royal Palace room. The mechanics and level designs of the Royal Palace rooms are directly lifted from Bomb Jack. Action zones can be split up into several portions and contain power-ups usually hidden in treasure chests such as money bags, Mighty Coins and Mighty Drinks. Mighty Coins allow Jack to change colors; blue allows Jack to open orange treasure chests, orange allows him to open any treasure chest by simply touching it from the side, and green transforms all enemies on the screen into coins for 5 seconds. Mighty Drinks add 10 seconds to the game's timer. Secret passages can also be found in the action zones, activated by finding a Sphinx in a visible or hidden treasure chest.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Gameplay", "target_page_ids": [ 23931, 473526, 252054, 146880, 1147451, 3873441, 83076 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 69 ], [ 100, 107 ], [ 233, 242 ], [ 261, 269 ], [ 270, 276 ], [ 625, 639 ], [ 703, 709 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "To prevent the player from becoming too \"greedy\", the game automatically sends the player to a Torture Room if they obtain more than 9 Mighty Coins or 99 seconds on the game's timer. The only way to escape a Torture Room without losing a life is to complete a number of jumps, which are counted down on the screen. Once the player exits the Torture Room, Jack automatically loses all Mighty Coins, the timer is reset to 60 seconds, and the game recommences from the beginning of the current level.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Gameplay", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A Nintendo VS. System version of the game was released in 1986 for the Japanese market (not to be confused with the original dedicated arcade version). Differences between the original and VS. versions include adding a two-player mode, changing the locations of some secret passages and removing a warp in the Royal Palace rooms.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "VS. System version", "target_page_ids": [ 811500, 350680, 1076955 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 2, 21 ], [ 219, 229 ], [ 298, 302 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Japan, the game sold over copies by 1987. In North America, the game received a positive review from Computer Entertainer upon release, with a score of 7.5 out of 8 stars, the same as The Legend of Zelda in the same issue. They called Mighty Bomb Jack a fast-paced \"adventure-action game\" that is \"loaded with nuances which you will continue to discover as play\" and said it is a tough, frustrating, \"just one more time\" game that \"will have you back for more and more!\"", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 165798 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 188, 207 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Virtual Console re-releases later received mixed-to-negative reviews, with GameSpot calling the game \"repetitive\" and \"broken\", while Eurogamer called it \"[kind of] clever\", though \"not exactly deep\". IGN called the Wii Virtual Console version of Mighty Bomb Jack \"a poor candidate for your time investment\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 990329, 1932900, 5519297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 87 ], [ 138, 147 ], [ 205, 208 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Nintendo Life criticized the game's platforming and level design, stating that \"dynamics of [the game] are somewhat broken\" and that \"the key to success is anticipating how [enemies] will move in order to get past\", because their behavior is \"almost random\". On the other hand, Nintendo Life praised Mighty Bomb Jacks secrets for adding some replay value, as well as the game's sense of humor.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 41303241, 644236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 342, 354 ] ] } ]

[ "1986_video_games", "Amiga_games", "Arcade_video_games", "Atari_ST_games", "Commodore_64_games", "Nintendo_Entertainment_System_games", "Platform_games", "Game_Boy_games", "Nintendo_Vs._Series_games", "Tecmo_games", "Video_games_developed_in_Japan", "Video_games_scored_by_Mark_Cooksey", "Video_games_scored_by_Tsukasa_Masuko", "Virtual_Console_games", "Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_U", "Nintendo_Switch_Online_NES_games", "Virtual_Console_games_for_Nintendo_3DS" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "An automotive navigation system is part of the automobile controls or a third party add-on used to find direction in an automobile. It typically uses a satellite navigation device to get its position data which is then correlated to a position on a road. When directions are needed routing can be calculated. On the fly traffic information (road closures, congestion) can be used to adjust the route.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 42345000, 1515653 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 66 ], [ 152, 172 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dead reckoning using distance data from sensors attached to the drivetrain, a gyroscope and an accelerometer can be used for greater reliability, as GNSS signal loss and/or multipath can occur due to urban canyons or tunnels.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 133345, 41620681, 24050869, 324949, 41385, 3760229, 160832 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 64, 74 ], [ 78, 87 ], [ 95, 108 ], [ 173, 182 ], [ 200, 212 ], [ 217, 224 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Mathematically, automotive navigation is based on the shortest path problem, within graph theory, which examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc.) between two points in a large network.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 41985, 12401 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 75 ], [ 84, 96 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Automotive navigation systems are crucial for the development of self-driving cars.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 245926 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 65, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Automotive navigation systems represent a convergence of a number of diverse technologies, many of which have been available for many years, but were too costly or inaccessible. Limitations such as batteries, display, and processing power had to be overcome before the product became commercially viable.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "1961: Hidetsugu Yagi designed a wireless-based navigation system. This design was still primitive and intended for military-use. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 643982 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1966: General Motors Research (GMR) was working on a non-satellite-based navigation and assistance system called DAIR (Driver Aid, Information & Routing). After initial tests GM found that it was not a scalable or practical way to provide navigation assistance. Decades later, however, the concept would be reborn as OnStar (founded 1996).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 12102, 1180828 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 20 ], [ 317, 323 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1973: Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) and Fuji Heavy Industries sponsored CATC (Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control), a Japanese research project on automobile navigation systems.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 376853, 302444 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 58 ], [ 70, 91 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1979: MITI established JSK (Association of Electronic Technology for Automobile Traffic and Driving) in Japan.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "1980: Electronic Auto Compass with new mechanism on the Toyota Crown.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 2477930 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1981: The earlier research of CATC led to the first generation of automobile navigation systems from Japanese companies Honda, Nissan and Toyota. They used dead reckoning technology.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 13729, 21240, 30984, 133345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 120, 125 ], [ 127, 133 ], [ 138, 144 ], [ 156, 170 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1981: Honda's Electro Gyrocator was the first commercially available car navigation system. It used inertial navigation systems, which tracked the distance traveled, the start point, and direction headed. It was also the first with a map display.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 14508369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1981: Navigation computer on the Toyota Celica (NAVICOM).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 172542 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1983: Etak was founded. It made an early system that used map-matching to improve on dead reckoning instrumentation. Digital map information was stored on standard cassette tapes.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 13522156 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1987: Toyota introduced the World's first CD-ROM-based navigation system on the Toyota Crown.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 18959902 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1989: Gregg Howe of Design Works USA applied Hunter Systems $40,000 navigational computer to the Magna Torrero Concept Car. Originally developed to locate hydrants for fire departments, this system utilized both satellite signals & dead reckoning improving overall system accuracy due to civilian GPS limitations. This system also boast a color raster scan monitor, rather than the monochromatic vector mapping displays used by predecessors. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "1990: Mazda Eunos Cosmo became the first production car with built-in GPS-navigation system", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 731170, 11866 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 23 ], [ 70, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1991: General Motors partnered with the American Automotive Association, Florida Department of Transportation, as well as the city of Orlando to create TravTek (short for Travel Technology) which was a computerized in-car navigation system. A fleet of 100 Oldsmobile Toronados were rolled out with the system with 75 available for rent through Avis' Orlando International Airport office, the other 25 were test-driven by local drivers. A computer system was installed in the trunk of the vehicle with a special antenna mounted in the back and was hooked up to the video screen in the Oldsmobile Toronado (an option in the standard Toronado) to display the navigation. TravTek covered a 12,000 square mile area in Orlando and its metro areas, as well as contained listings for restaurants, AAA-approved hotels and attractions.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 12102, 543041, 2528006 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 20 ], [ 256, 275 ], [ 344, 349 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1991: Toyota introduced GPS car navigation on the Toyota Soarer.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 912242 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1991: Mitsubishi introduced GPS car navigation on the Mitsubishi Debonair (MMCS: Mitsubishi Multi Communication System).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 5756460 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1992: Voice assisted GPS navigation system on the Toyota Celsior.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 968414 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1993: The Austrian channel ORF airs a presentation of the software company bitMAP and its head Werner Liebig's invention, an electronic city map including street names and house numbers, using a satellite-based navigation system. bitMAP attends Comdex in Las Vegas the same year, but doesn't manage to market itself properly.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "1994: BMW 7 series E38 first European model featuring GPS navigation. The navigation system was developed in cooperation with Philips (Philips CARIN).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 23550 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 126, 133 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1995: Oldsmobile introduced the first GPS navigation system available in a United States production car, called GuideStar. The navigation system was developed in cooperation with Zexel. Zexel partnered with Avis Car Rental to make the system widely available in rental cars. This provided many in the United States general public with their first opportunity to use car navigation.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 52040, 13710726, 2528006 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 16 ], [ 180, 185 ], [ 208, 223 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1995: Device called \"Mobile Assistant\" or short, MASS, produced by Munich-based company ComRoad AG, won the title \"Best Product in Mobile Computing\" on CeBit by magazine Byte. It offered turn-by-turn navigation via wireless internet connection, with both GPS and speed sensor in the car. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 29313782 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 187, 210 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1995: Acura introduced the first hard disk drive-based navigation system in the 1996 RL.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 142314, 13777, 670227 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 11 ], [ 33, 48 ], [ 85, 87 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1997: Navigation system using Differential GPS developed as a factory-installed option on the Toyota Prius", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1905405, 346651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 46 ], [ 94, 106 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1998: First DVD-based navigation system introduced on the Toyota Progres.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 11014498, 6622560 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 15 ], [ 58, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "2000: The United States made a more accurate GPS signal available for civilian use.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "2003: Toyota introduced the first Hard disk drive-based navigation system and the industry's first DVD-based navigation system with a built-in Electronic throttle control", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 13777, 1364923 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 49 ], [ 143, 170 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "2007: Toyota introduced Map on Demand, a technology for distributing map updates to car navigation systems, developed as the first of its kind in the world", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "2008: World's first navigation system-linked brake assist function and Navigation system linked to Adaptive Variable Suspension System (NAVI/AI-AVS) on Toyota Crown", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 7612420, 41226144 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 57 ], [ 99, 127 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "2009: With a release of mobile navigation app from Sygic for iOS new era of a mobile device navigation systems had begun gaining in popularity since", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 28331875, 16161443 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 56 ], [ 61, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The road database is a vector map. Street names or numbers and house numbers, as well as points of interest (waypoints), are encoded as geographic coordinates. This enables users to find a desired destination by street address or as geographic coordinates. (See map database management.)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 4141838, 4207958, 181557, 48361, 10971939 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 33 ], [ 89, 107 ], [ 109, 117 ], [ 136, 157 ], [ 262, 285 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Map database formats are almost uniformly proprietary, with no industry standards for satellite navigation maps, although some companies are trying to address this with SDAL (Shared Data Access Library) and Navigation Data Standard (NDS). Map data vendors such as Tele Atlas and Navteq create the base map in a GDF (Geographic Data Files) format, but each electronics manufacturer compiles it in an optimized, usually proprietary manner. GDF is not a CD standard for car navigation systems. GDF is used and converted onto the CD-ROM in the internal format of the navigation system. CDF (CARiN Database Format) is a proprietary navigation map format created by Philips.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 45390363, 1150486, 3607958, 925715, 23550 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 207, 231 ], [ 264, 274 ], [ 279, 285 ], [ 316, 337 ], [ 660, 667 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "SDAL is a proprietary map format developed by Navteq, which was released royalty free in the hope that it would become an industry standard for digital navigation maps, has not been very widely adopted by the industry. Vendors who used this format include:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 3607958, 2700440 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 52 ], [ 73, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Microsoft", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 19001 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Magellan", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 8318137 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pioneer", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 922638 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Panasonic", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 95171 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Clarion", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 6856939 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " InfoGation", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Navigation Data Standard (NDS) initiative, is an industry grouping of car manufacturers, navigation system suppliers and map data suppliers whose objective is the standardization of the data format used in car navigation systems, as well as allow a map update capability. The NDS effort began in 2004 and became a registered association in 2009. Standardization would improve interoperability, specifically by allowing the same navigation maps to be used in navigation systems from 20 manufacturers. Companies involved include BMW, Volkswagen, Daimler, Renault, ADIT, Aisin AW, Alpine Electronics, Navigon, Navis-AMS, Bosch, DENSO, Mitsubishi, Harman International Industries, Panasonic, Preh Car Connect formerly TechniSat, PTV, Continental AG, Clarion, Navteq, Navinfo , TomTom and Zenrin.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 45390363, 3772, 32413, 42977, 162292, 1486781, 2387687, 17886726, 231364, 3057187, 48442, 3558731, 95171, 22557991, 1604474, 6856939, 3607958, 3684349, 2665777 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 28 ], [ 531, 534 ], [ 536, 546 ], [ 548, 555 ], [ 557, 564 ], [ 572, 580 ], [ 582, 600 ], [ 602, 609 ], [ 622, 627 ], [ 629, 634 ], [ 636, 646 ], [ 648, 679 ], [ 681, 690 ], [ 718, 727 ], [ 734, 748 ], [ 750, 757 ], [ 759, 765 ], [ 777, 783 ], [ 788, 794 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The road database may be stored in solid state read-only memory (ROM), optical media (CD or DVD), solid state flash memory, magnetic media (hard disk), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a base map permanently stored in ROM that can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. A ROM is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed, downloaded from a CD or DVD via a computer or wireless connection (bluetooth, Wi-Fi), or directly used utilizing a card reader.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 18934934, 6429, 11014498, 50595, 13777, 349732, 6429, 11014498, 7878457, 185868, 3742, 63973, 4397518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 69 ], [ 86, 88 ], [ 92, 95 ], [ 110, 122 ], [ 140, 149 ], [ 403, 411 ], [ 421, 423 ], [ 427, 430 ], [ 437, 445 ], [ 449, 457 ], [ 470, 479 ], [ 481, 486 ], [ 518, 529 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Some navigation device makers provide free map updates for their customers. These updates are", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "often obtained from the vendor's website, which is accessed by connecting the navigation device to a PC.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Some systems can receive and display information on traffic congestion using either TMC, RDS, or by GPRS/3G data transmission via mobile phones.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 3684548, 914773, 225112 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 70 ], [ 84, 87 ], [ 89, 92 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In practice, Google has updated Google Maps for Android and iOS to alert users when a faster route becomes available in 2014. This change helps integrate real-time data with information about the more distant parts of a route.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The color LCD screens on some automotive navigation systems can also be used to display television broadcasts or DVD movies.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 17932, 29831, 11014498, 21555729 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 13 ], [ 88, 98 ], [ 113, 116 ], [ 117, 122 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A few systems integrate (or communicate) with mobile phones for hands-free talking and SMS messaging (i.e., using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi).", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 19644137, 254059, 28207, 3742, 63973 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 59 ], [ 65, 75 ], [ 88, 101 ], [ 115, 124 ], [ 128, 133 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Automotive navigation systems can include personal information management for meetings, which can be combined with a traffic and public transport information system.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 283329, 228005 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 43, 74 ], [ 79, 86 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Many vehicle manufacturers offer a satellite navigation device as an option in their vehicles. Customers whose vehicles did not ship with GNSS can therefore purchase and retrofit the original factory-supplied GNSS unit. In some cases this can be a straightforward \"plug-and-play\" installation if the required wiring harness is already present in the vehicle. However, with some manufacturers, new wiring is required, making the installation more complex.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 17800413, 5560489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 62 ], [ 170, 178 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The primary benefit of this approach is an integrated and factory-standard installation. Many original systems also contain a gyrocompass and/or an accelerometer and may accept input from the vehicle's speed sensors and reverse gear engagement signal output, thereby allowing them to navigate via dead reckoning when a GPS signal is temporarily unavailable. However, the costs can be considerably higher than other options.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 45832, 324949, 2137708, 133345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 126, 137 ], [ 148, 161 ], [ 202, 215 ], [ 297, 311 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Establishing points of interest in real-time and transmitting them via GSM cellular telephone networks using the Short Message Service (SMS) is referred to as Gps2sms. Some vehicles and vessels are equipped with hardware that is able to automatically send an SMS text message when a particular event happens, such as theft, anchor drift or breakdown. The receiving party (e.g., a tow truck) can store the waypoint in a computer system, draw a map indicating the location, or see it in an automotive navigation system.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Technology", "target_page_ids": [ 4207958, 12808, 28207, 28207, 28207, 1358, 1164322, 181557 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 31 ], [ 71, 74 ], [ 113, 134 ], [ 136, 139 ], [ 259, 262 ], [ 324, 330 ], [ 380, 389 ], [ 405, 413 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Augmented reality", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 85631 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Automatic vehicle location", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 369646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Autonomous car", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 245926 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Electronic Route Guidance System", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 4572317 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " GPS eXchange Format", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 681295 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " GPS navigation device", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 17800413 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Global Positioning System (GPS)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 11866 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guidance, navigation, and control", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 16068922 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Map database management", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 10971939 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mapscape BV", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 18784230 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mobile data terminal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 405919 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Navigation Data Standard (NDS)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 45390363 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " NavPix", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 7693731 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Navteq", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 3607958 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Personal navigation assistant (PNA)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 16616387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " TomTom", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 3684349 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Traffic Message Channel (TMC)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 914773 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hybride Navigation", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 51693407 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] } ]

[ "Global_Positioning_System", "Automotive_navigation_systems", "Computer_systems", "Dedicated_application_electronic_devices", "Japanese_inventions", "Applications_of_geographic_information_systems" ]

[ "Car navigation" ]

[ { "plaintext": "William Allen Schreyer (January 13, 1928 – January 22, 2011) was chairman emeritus and former CEO of Merrill Lynch& Co., where he worked for 45years total, eight of them as chairman and CEO. He was also a noted philanthropist and served as former president of Pennsylvania State University's Board of Trustees.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33731299, 1209509, 4822 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 114 ], [ 260, 289 ], [ 292, 309 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "William A. Schreyer was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, on January 13, 1928. His father managed the local office of a stock brokerage that was later acquired by Merrill Lynch. As a high school student, Schreyer worked there part-time, tasked with writing the day’s stock prices on a chalkboard. Schreyer then attended Penn State, where he joined the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. He graduated in 1948 with a degree in commerce and finance. Although he was accepted by Harvard Business School to matriculate in fall 1949, he decided instead to enroll in a new Merrill Lynch internship.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life and education", "target_page_ids": [ 133173, 23332, 1209509, 9757801, 18998741, 298221 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 44 ], [ 46, 58 ], [ 322, 332 ], [ 354, 371 ], [ 472, 495 ], [ 577, 587 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Schreyer worked as a junior executive trainee at Merrill Lynch in Buffalo, New York, where he also met his wife Joan (née Legg). In the early 1950s he spent two years on active duty as a lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force stationed in Germany in order to fulfill his Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) obligations; this experience is purportedly when his interest in international financial markets began to emerge. He became the head of the Trenton, New Jersey office in 1963, eventually becoming the New York metropolitan regional director in 1972. He was appointed the head of Merrill Lynch Government Securities in 1973.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 3985, 11867, 166843, 41916, 57843, 309890 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 73 ], [ 233, 240 ], [ 265, 297 ], [ 384, 400 ], [ 445, 464 ], [ 505, 513 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1982, Schreyer was appointed President of the firm. In 1985, in an unexpected management shake‑up due to a $42million loss in the last quarter of 1983, he rose to Chairman, and then CEO, as the incumbent Roger E. Birk stepped down. As chief executive, Schreyer \"reshaped the company and improved its profitability by slimming down some of its retail operations and building up its investment banking business\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He led a high-level team called the \"Schreyer Working Team\" whose goal was to diagnose what was wrong at Merrill; it discovered that although the bank was \"bringing in more and more revenue each year\", because costs were increasing at the same rate, the net impact on revenue was not positive. Unexpected costs associated with the new corporate headquarters in the World Financial Center imposed further financial burdens. The company endured further hardships in 1987 as Black Monday coincided with the company's $377million loss on mortgage-backed securities in 1987.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 343485, 314544, 1194185 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 365, 387 ], [ 472, 484 ], [ 534, 560 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Bill Schreyer responded to these financial hardships with a cost-restructuring effort that he called \"Merristroika\", a portmanteau of \"Merrill\" and \"perestroika\". First, he sold the sprawling real estate services division, which was located entirely in the United States; Schreyer considered international securities, with large presences in London and Tokyo, as well as in New York and around the United States, to be the future of Merrill Lynch. Indeed, Schreyer's restructuring set the foundation for Merrill's admission to the Tokyo Stock Exchange, one of the first foreign firms to do so. Furthermore, it became the first American investment bank to open a representative office in China.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 16823212, 24143, 47707435, 17867, 30057, 191354, 5405 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 119, 130 ], [ 149, 160 ], [ 192, 203 ], [ 342, 348 ], [ 353, 358 ], [ 531, 551 ], [ 687, 692 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1997, he and his wife Joan (née Legg) endowed the Schreyer Honors College at Pennsylvania State University (whence he graduated, class of 1948) with a gift of $30million. The honors college was created in 1980 as the University Scholars Program. On November 17, 2006, the Schreyers pledged an additional gift of $25million to the Schreyer Honors College. Having contributed more than $58million to Penn State, they are the largest family donors in the school's history.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Philanthropy", "target_page_ids": [ 2637502, 1209509, 2637502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 76 ], [ 80, 109 ], [ 333, 356 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In March 2007, Schreyer and his wife gifted $5million toward Princeton HealthCare System's proposed Plainsboro Hospital to fund a state-of-the-art community and professional education center.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Philanthropy", "target_page_ids": [ 125438 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 100, 110 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In August 2007, Schreyer donated $5million to the education foundation of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, of which he is an alumnus.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Philanthropy", "target_page_ids": [ 9757801 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 78, 95 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "William A. Schreyer died on the morning of January 22, 2011, after battling an undisclosed illness for some time. He is survived by his wife, his daughter DrueAnne Schreyer, his son-in-law Rodney Frazier, and two grandchildren.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Philanthropy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Schreyer published a memoir in 2009, in which he said he continued to be an optimist, despite what had happened:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Publications", "target_page_ids": [ 167389 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 27 ] ] } ]

[ "Smeal_College_of_Business_alumni", "1928_births", "2011_deaths", "Merrill_(company)_people", "People_from_Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" ]

[ "William Allen Schreyer" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Aparna Sen (, Ôporna Shen; born 25 October 1945) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and actress who is known for her work in Bengali cinema. She has received several accolades as an actress and filmmaker, including nine National Film Awards, five Filmfare Awards and thirteen Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards. For her contribution in the field of arts, the Government of India honoured her with Padma Shri, the country's fourth highest civilian award.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 21554680, 53016, 19341688, 3721176, 51207314, 12065406, 553883, 442893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 75 ], [ 77, 89 ], [ 131, 145 ], [ 226, 246 ], [ 253, 268 ], [ 282, 325 ], [ 374, 393 ], [ 412, 422 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sen was born in a Bengali Baidya family, originally from Cox's Bazar in Chittagong District (now in Bangladesh). Her father was the veteran critic and filmmaker Chidananda Dasgupta. Her mother Supriya Dasgupta was a costume designer and earned the National Film Award for Best Costume Design for Chidananda's directorial venture Amodini (1995), at the age of 73. Sen is a relative of Bengali poet Jibanananda Das. Sen spent her childhood in Hazaribagh and Kolkata and had her schooling first at South point and later at Modern High School for Girls, Kolkata, India. She studied for her B.A. in English at Presidency College, but did not complete the degree. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life and education", "target_page_ids": [ 4198908, 33689683, 2271204, 3392496, 5912304, 3739303, 1637326, 1647640, 47905, 674234 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 25 ], [ 26, 32 ], [ 57, 68 ], [ 72, 91 ], [ 161, 180 ], [ 249, 292 ], [ 398, 413 ], [ 442, 452 ], [ 551, 558 ], [ 606, 624 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sen's foray into the world of entertainment happened when she was fifteen and was photographed by Brian Brake for the well-known photo from his 1960 \"Monsoon\" series of photographs; the photo appeared on the cover of Life.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 2479791, 56292929, 187479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 98, 109 ], [ 150, 157 ], [ 217, 221 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sen made her film debut at the age of 16, when she played the role of Mrinmoyee in the Samapti portion of the 1961 film Teen Kanya (Three Daughters) directed by Satyajit Ray (who was a longtime friend of her father's). She went on to appearing in up to four films made by the director including Aranyer Din Ratri, Jana Aranya and Pikoo. ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 2777146, 18933424, 2679338, 3388331, 6040229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 120, 130 ], [ 161, 173 ], [ 295, 312 ], [ 314, 325 ], [ 330, 335 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Four years after her first film, in 1965, Sen acted in Akash Kusum, a Mrinal Sen film where she played the part of Monica. Sen has been an imminent part of the Bengali film industry, playing the lead in popular films like Basanta Bilap(1973) and Memsaheb(1972) amongst others. Sen has also been a part of Hindi films such as Imaan Dharam(1977), Ek Din Achanak(1989) and Ghaath(2000). ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 62386846, 63868904, 10618760, 12275048, 44098215 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 222, 235 ], [ 246, 254 ], [ 325, 337 ], [ 345, 359 ], [ 370, 376 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2009, Sen appeared with Sharmila Tagore and Rahul Bose in Annirudh Roy-Chowdhary's Bengali film Antaheen. The film went on to win four National Film Awards. In 2019, Sen acted in prominent Bengali films including Bohomaan and Basu Poribar.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 1094676, 2206710, 21321046, 3721176, 56302847 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 42 ], [ 47, 57 ], [ 99, 107 ], [ 138, 158 ], [ 229, 241 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2009, Sen announced her next Bengali film Iti Mrinalini, which starred Konkona Sen Sharma, Aparna Sen, Rajat Kapoor, Kaushik Sen, and Priyanshu Chatterjee. First-time screenwriter Ranjan Ghosh co-authored Iti Mrinalini. This was the first time that Sen collaborated with any film writer or became attached to the curriculum of a film institute. The screenplay of Iti Mrinalini was an assignment in the Screenwriting syllabus at the Mumbai-based film school Whistling Woods International. It was also a major first in Indian screenwriting, as the first time that any screenplay from an Indian film institute was actually filmed. The film was released on 29 July 2011.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 21378419, 24467898, 3700300, 5984323, 20755985, 11353578, 26090581, 24467898, 24467898, 13579629 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 39 ], [ 45, 58 ], [ 74, 92 ], [ 106, 118 ], [ 120, 131 ], [ 137, 157 ], [ 183, 195 ], [ 208, 221 ], [ 366, 379 ], [ 460, 489 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2013, her film Goynar Baksho (The Jewellery Box) was released depicting three generations of women and their relationship to a box of jewels. It ran to packed houses and won critical acclaim from reviewers and critics. Thereafter, in 2015, Arshinagar, an adaptation of Romeo and Juliet was released.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 37596680, 46259825, 25821 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 31 ], [ 243, 253 ], [ 272, 288 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2017, Sonata—an English film written and directed by Sen—was released. Adapted from a play by Mahesh Elkunchwar, the film examines the life of three middle-aged unmarried friends played by Aparna Sen, Shabana Azmi and Lillete Dubey.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 46859733, 2871703, 467299, 13369592 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 87, 93 ], [ 97, 114 ], [ 204, 216 ], [ 221, 234 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2021, she directed her 3rd Hindi film The Rapist, starring her daughter Konkona Sen Sharma and Arjun Rampal. In her interview with the Firstpost, she said that The Rapist will be a “hard-hitting drama that examines how much of society is responsible for producing rapists.” The film is nominated for Kim Jiseok award at 26th Busan International Film Festival to be held in October 2021.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 68658096, 3700300, 957228, 37438267, 68451027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 51 ], [ 75, 93 ], [ 98, 110 ], [ 138, 147 ], [ 323, 361 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Padma Shri - the fourth highest civilian award by the Government of India in 1987.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 442893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " National Film Award for Best Direction for 36 Chowringhee Lane in 1981", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 3730863, 4306160 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 39 ], [ 44, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English for36 Chowringhee Lane in 1981.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 4745162, 4306160 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 53 ], [ 57, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali for Paroma in 1984.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 3765026, 17227799 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 53 ], [ 58, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali for Yugant in 1995.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 3765026, 13104745 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 53 ], [ 58, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali,for Paromitar Ek Din in 2000.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 3765026, 16941996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 53 ], [ 58, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " National Film Award for Best Direction for Mr. and Mrs. Iyer in 2002.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 3730863, 2895635 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 39 ], [ 44, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration for Mr. and Mrs. Iyer in 2002.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 4732365, 2895635 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 64 ], [ 69, 86 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " National Film Award for Best Screenplay for Mr. and Mrs. Iyer in 2002.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 3739260, 2895635 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 40 ], [ 45, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English for 15 Park Avenue in 2005.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 4745162, 3818512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 53 ], [ 58, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Karlovy Vary International Film Festival ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 51167 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 2, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Filmfare Awards East-Best Actress Award for Sujata in 1974.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 51207314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Filmfare Awards East-Best Actress Award for Asamaya in 1976.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 51207314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Filmfare Awards East-Best Actress Award for Bijoyini in 1982.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 51207314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Filmfare Awards East-Best Actress Award for Indira in 1983.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 51207314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Filmfare Awards East-Best Director Award for Parama in 1985.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 51207314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Actress Award for Aparachito in 1970", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Actress Award for Sujata in 1975", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Director Award for Parama in 1986", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Screenplay Award for Parama in 1986", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Actress Award for Ekanto Apan in 1988", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Supporting Actress Award for Mahaprithibi in 1992", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Actress Award for Swet Patharer Thala in 1993", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Supporting Actress Award for Unishr April in 1997", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 2, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award- Babulal Chowkhani Memorial Trophy for Original Story-Yugant in 1997", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Best Actress Award for Paramitar Ek Din in 2001", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award- Babulal Chowkhani Memorial Trophy for Original Story and Screenplay forParamitar Ek Din in 2001", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Most Outstanding Work of the Year for Mr. and Mrs. Iyer in 2003", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BFJA Award-Life Time Achievement Award in 2013", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 12065406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Anandalok Award-Best Actress in 2001", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 19298895 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Anandalok Award-Best Actress for \"Titlee\" in 2002", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 19298895 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kalakar Award-Best Actress (Stage) Award for Bhalo Kharab Meye in 1993", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kalakar Awards for Best Director for Paromitar Ek Dinin 2000.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 16941996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kalakar Award-Best Director Award for Iti Mrinalini in 2012", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 24467898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Best Director Award at Indian Film Festival of Melbourne for The Rapist in 2022", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 47695125, 68658096 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 57 ], [ 62, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sen has served on juries at film festivals around the world. In 1989 she was a member of the jury at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival. In 2008, she was elected into the International Jury of the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. In 2013, she headed the jury of the second Ladakh International Film Festival.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honors", "target_page_ids": [ 38624190, 18671252 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 105, 144 ], [ 206, 232 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "From 1986 to 2005, Sen was the editor of the fortnightly Sananda, a Bengali women's magazine (published by the Ananda Bazar Patrika group) that enjoys equal popularity in West Bengal and Bangladesh. From November 2005 to December 2006, she was associated with the Bengali 24x7 infotainment channel Kolkata TV as Creative Director. In 2011 she took charge as the editor of the magazine Paroma launched by the Saradha Group. Following the Saradha Group financial scandal, Paroma ran into trouble. It finally closed down on 14 April 2013. Sen and her editorial team launched a new magazine called Prathama Ekhon, which was short-lived.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honors", "target_page_ids": [ 6763996, 2569718, 34040, 3454, 5894313, 39206304 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 64 ], [ 111, 131 ], [ 171, 182 ], [ 187, 197 ], [ 298, 308 ], [ 438, 469 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1987, the then President of India, Giani Zail Singh bestowed the Padma Shri on Sen in recognition of her contribution to Indian cinema. Since then, she has received several lifetime achievement awards.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honors", "target_page_ids": [ 678016, 442893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 54 ], [ 68, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Parama and other outsiders: the cinema of Aparna Sen, by Shoma A. Chatterji. Parumita Publications, 2002. .", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Aparna Sen calls the shots (Women in Indian film), by Rajashri Dasgupta. Zubaan, 2009.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1945_births", "Actresses_in_Bengali_cinema", "Bengali_film_directors", "Brahmos", "Bengali_Hindus", "Indian_film_actresses", "20th-century_Indian_film_directors", "Indian_women_film_directors", "Indian_women_screenwriters", "Living_people", "Recipients_of_the_Padma_Shri_in_arts", "Actresses_from_Kolkata", "Presidency_University,_Kolkata_alumni", "University_of_Calcutta_alumni", "Kalakar_Awards_winners", "20th-century_Indian_actresses", "21st-century_Indian_film_directors", "21st-century_Indian_actresses", "Women_writers_from_West_Bengal", "21st-century_Indian_women_writers", "21st-century_Indian_dramatists_and_playwrights", "20th-century_Indian_women_writers", "20th-century_Indian_dramatists_and_playwrights", "Hindi_screenwriters", "Best_Director_National_Film_Award_winners", "Film_directors_from_Kolkata", "Screenwriters_from_Kolkata", "Women_artists_from_West_Bengal", "Best_Original_Screenplay_National_Film_Award_winners", "Directors_who_won_the_Best_Film_on_National_Integration_National_Film_Award" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Desmond's is a British television situation comedy broadcast by Channel 4 from 1989 to 1994. Conceived and co-written by Trix Worrell, and produced by Charlie Hanson and Humphrey Barclay, Desmond's stars Norman Beaton as barber Desmond Ambrose, whose shop is a gathering place for an assortment of local characters. The show is set in Peckham, London, and features a predominantly black British Guyanese cast. With 71 episodes, Desmond's became Channel 4's longest running sitcom in terms of episodes.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 20913980, 6321, 12407830, 10068454, 1776288, 1728109, 146779, 94218, 17545580 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 50 ], [ 64, 73 ], [ 121, 133 ], [ 151, 165 ], [ 170, 186 ], [ 204, 217 ], [ 221, 227 ], [ 335, 342 ], [ 387, 403 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "While the show was not the first black (or predominantly black) British television situation comedy (The Fosters, produced by London Weekend Television, aired 1976 –77), Desmond's was the first to be set mainly in the workplace, providing an insight into black family life different from what had been seen before on British television.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notability", "target_page_ids": [ 19513126, 226939 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 112 ], [ 126, 151 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The characters had aspirations (Desmond to return to Guyana, Michael to run his own branch of the bank, Gloria to get a job in fashion, Sean to go to university) and were socially mobile. The vast majority of the crew were also black.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notability", "target_page_ids": [ 17238691 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Much of the success of the show came from the dynamics and relationships both within the Ambrose family and the other characters in the show who spent time in the shop.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Ambroses are the central family around which the show was built.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Desmond Ambrose (Norman Beaton) was the main character and owner of the barbershop named after him. His friends and family occasionally make reference to his poor barbering skills. Desmond constantly talked about retiring and returning home to Guyana for good, although Shirley was reluctant to go with him. In the spin-off Porkpie, it was revealed that Desmond had died (as Norman Beaton had died the previous year).", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 1728109 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shirley Ambrose (née Pleshette) (Carmen Munroe), Desmond's wife and mother of their three children, often solved the problems of the other characters. Shirley was the only member of the Ambrose family not to appear in an episode of the spin-off Porkpie as it was revealed that she had gone back to live in Guyana, in the series.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 2629283 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Michael Ambrose (Geff Francis), Desmond and Shirley's elder son, was an assistant bank manager, who later became a manager. Unlike the rest of the Ambrose family, he was not introduced until the second episode, when Shirley suggested that Desmond go to the bank and get a loan to renovate the shop.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 8873258 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Gloria Jeanette Elaine Ambrose (Kimberly Walker) was the only daughter of Desmond and Shirley. She had dreams of becoming a fashion writer.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sean Ambrose (Justin Pickett) was the youngest child, who frequently rapped and was experienced with computers. He later went to university.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 14791494, 25421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 28 ], [ 69, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Augustus Neapolitan Cleveland \"Porkpie\" Grant (Ram John Holder) was a childhood friend of Desmond's. His nickname derived from his habit of always wearing a pork pie hat, even as a young man back in Guyana. His wife Gwendolyn had left him many years earlier after catching him in bed with her best friend Hyacinth Green, who appeared in the final series. Porkpie's wife went to live in Canada, taking their two young daughters with her. Although he had two daughters he often talked about his daughter Denise, who appeared in the fifth episode of the third series, while there was no mention of his other daughter. Porkpie later had his own spin-off series, Porkpie.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 6802134, 753445, 7285190, 6277762 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 63 ], [ 158, 170 ], [ 642, 650 ], [ 659, 666 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Matthew Joffor (Gyearbuor Asante) was an eternal student from The Gambia. He would often quote \"old African sayings\" and usually followed up by asking the listener to \"think about it\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 13552629, 65656 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 33 ], [ 63, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tony (Dominic Keating) was Desmond's first assistant barber and the third white character to appear in the series. In the final series, it is mentioned Tony had left to cut hair overseas.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 355889 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ricky Flaxman (Dean Gatiss) was Tony's replacement in the final series. Desmond gave him the job as the new barber's assistant because he knew his father and promised him a favour for supplying an alibi. He moved into Gloria's room after she moved out to live with Alex. He is often referred to as \"Small Boy\" by Matthew.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Lee \"The Peckham Prince\" Stanley (Robbie Gee) was the local wide-boy wheeler-dealer, often trying to sell his wares to the regulars in the shop. He was like a son to Desmond and Shirley as they looked after him while he was in care and they knew his mother. Lee's mother revealed the identity of his father in the fourth episode of the fourth series. She visited the barber shop to find Lee on the day he went to Liverpool to find her. On Lee's return to Peckham, he was reunited with his mother after 28 years.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 707965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Louise Dixon (Lisa Geoghan) was Gloria's best friend in the first four series, and also the first white character to appear in the series. She went away to university between the fourth and fifth series.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 5651815 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Amanda \"Mandy\" Mosgrove (Matilda Thorpe) was Michael's PA. In episode two of the sixth series, Michael proposed to her and she accepted. She was due to marry Michael towards the end of the series. There was no episode of them getting married as the series had finished during the planning stages of the wedding. In the spin-off series, Porkpie it was revealed that Mandy had married Michael, her surname having become Ambrose.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 42985493, 5978674, 7285190, 6277762 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 40 ], [ 56, 58 ], [ 320, 328 ], [ 337, 344 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beverley McIntosh (Joan Ann Maynard) was a good friend of Shirley's, Michael's godmother and the local gossip, providing a prudish, old-fashioned viewpoint and always wore a hat that resembled a tea cosy. She often spoke about her ailments and the medication she had to take, as well as having to prepare her husband's Cuthbert's red mullet - which he later revealed, in his only appearance, that he did not like. The couple had four children: three sons and a daughter, Merlene.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 17419859, 1134669, 10469950 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 36 ], [ 196, 204 ], [ 331, 341 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Doreen Wilma Pleshette (Mona Hammond), usually referred to as Auntie Susu, was Shirley's ignorant sister, Porkpie's dream girl and later fiancée. She preferred to be called \"Susu\" rather than her birth name, but the family, in particular Shirley, would call her Doreen whenever angry with her. In the fourth series, Susu was deported back to Jamaica; however, she was still engaged to Porkpie. In the final series of the spin-off show Porkpie, Susu had turned up out of the blue from Jamaica, after finding out about Porkpie's Lottery win in the West Indian Times newspaper. She claimed to have married an Englishman back in the Caribbean so that she could get a passport to go to England to marry Porkpie. Porkpie later found out that she had run away with all her current husband's savings, sold his electric wheelchair and stolen his passport so that he could not pursue her, and that she only came to England to marry him and claim half of his fortune. Prior to her engagement to Porkpie, she was married to (and divorced from) Maxwell, with whom she had several sons. ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 3719840, 15660 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 37 ], [ 343, 350 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vince (Count Prince Miller) was another assistant in the shop in the final series. He was also the drummer in the Georgetown Dreamers.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 18526152 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Burt (Sol Raye) was a member of The Georgetown Dreamers, a band that Desmond, Porkpie and Vince played in.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 18816902 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Andrew \"Spider\" Webb (Robert McKewley) was Sean's best friend and had an open crush on Gloria. He was into ragga music and was an entrepreneur. Although he was Sean's best friend, Sean's family members seemed to disapprove of him and sometimes thought he was a bad influence.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 25596 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 108, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernie (Rhashan Stone) was the first friend that Sean made at university on his first day. He was openly gay.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 32515610 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ronni (Teohna Williams) was Gloria's best friend in series 5 and 6.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Alex Reynolds (Chris Tummings) was Gloria's boyfriend from series 4, a strict vegetarian and an artist. Gloria and Alex moved in together towards the end of the series. It is revealed in the first episode of the Porkpie spin-off series that Alex and Gloria were still together.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Neville \"Nev\" James (Treva Etienne) was a family friend who was a Police Constable, later becoming a Detective Constable CID. He also went to school with Lee and Michael as a child. He only appeared in three episodes between the second and third series.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 21832139, 631179 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 35 ], [ 122, 125 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lewis (Lewis St. Juste) was very often in the background, using the pay-phone in the barber shop. He has a line or two in a few episodes. He first spoke in the third episode of the second series, when Shirley asked him his name. He used the phone so often that Lee once referred to him as E.T.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 73441 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 290, 293 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sweetsticks is sometimes mentioned in the show although he never appears on screen. He dies during the first series, and episode 6 (entitled \"Sad News\") culminates with the other characters attending his funeral. He was a member of the Georgetown Dreamers, their steel pan player and is often cited by Desmond and Porkpie as having been a ladies' man. Although Sweetsticks never appeared in the show, the repercussions of his actions sometimes form important plot elements, affecting Desmond in the present day. He was revealed to be Lee's father.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 305147 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 264, 273 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The series theme song \"Don't Scratch My Soca\", performed by Beaton was used in the opening credits throughout the entire run. A version without the vocals was used in the closing credits. At the beginning of Series 5, the theme received an update, with more percussion. The instrumental was used as the basis for a song by the \"Georgetown Dreamers\", Desmond's old band in one episode.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Theme song", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The full theme was released as a 7\" single on June 21, 2021.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Theme song", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Worrell was keen to show that prejudice existed not just between broad ethnic groups, but also within them. While Matthew was the frequent butt of jokes from the West Indian characters, particularly Porkpie and Desmond, he was always keen to point out the strength of African history with his regular interjection, \"There's an old African saying...\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Prejudice", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The show had a unique method of team writing raising the profile of some writers, such as playwright Michael J. Ellis, who later worked on other shows, including the BBC's all-black sketch show The Real McCoy, and Worrell himself who became a film writer.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 15104158, 3445284 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 117 ], [ 194, 208 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Re-runs aired in the USA on BET in the early 1990s. The show was shown on NYC Media as part of their Caribbean programming on Sunday nights in the late 1990s. As of January 2007, the network still airs re-runs of Desmond's from time to time. From 1997 until late 2000, Paramount Comedy re-ran the show. Trouble, a channel in the UK, began showing re-runs of Desmond's in September 2007.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 244098, 1786802, 18956035, 1658884, 2677465 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 31 ], [ 74, 83 ], [ 101, 110 ], [ 269, 285 ], [ 303, 310 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Desmond's was featured on the BBC Radio 4 programme Britain in a Box on 11 May 2013.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On 14 January 2013, The Africa Channel International (which was on Sky channel 209 & Virgin Media channel 828) relaunched Desmond's - weeknights at 7pm and 11pm. In November 2015, London Live acquired the repeat rights.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 36805138, 321943, 3329087, 38438836 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 52 ], [ 67, 70 ], [ 85, 97 ], [ 180, 191 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The full series was published for viewing on All 4 through YouTube. With 71 episodes, it remains Channel 4's longest running sitcom in terms of the number of episodes produced.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The complete series was added to Netflix in September 2020. On 21 February 2022, Gold started showing the series.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 360217 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 81, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Channel 4 DVD has released the first two series on DVD in the UK. Series One was released on 1 October 2007. Series Two was released on 14 April 2008.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Media releases", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Visual Entertainment has begun releasing Desmond's on DVD in Canada. To date they have released the first four series of the show on DVD. Series 1 and 2 were released on 27 March 2007. Series 3 was released on 3 November 2009. On 2 March 2010, VEI released Desmond's- The Collection: Series One to Four, a seven-disc set featuring all episodes from the first four seasons.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Media releases", "target_page_ids": [ 12302669 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All six seasons are available to stream in the UK on the Channel 4 service All 4 and through the streaming services Amazon Prime and Netflix.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Media releases", "target_page_ids": [ 8968603 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Following the death of Norman Beaton in 1994, a spin-off series was made with Porkpie in the title role. This ran for two series in 1995 and 1996.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Follow-up", "target_page_ids": [ 6277762 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 78, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " - including free \"on demand\" video of all episodes, all series.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Desmond's: A sitcom that changed Britain BBC's Witness History interviews Trix Worrell.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1989_British_television_series_debuts", "1994_British_television_series_endings", "1980s_British_sitcoms", "1990s_British_sitcoms", "Black_British_sitcoms", "Black_British_television_shows", "Channel_4_sitcoms", "Television_shows_set_in_London", "English-language_television_shows", "Peckham" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Kyle and Lane Carlson (born December 24, 1978) are American identical twin brothers known as the Carlson Twins. They work together as male fashion models.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 79238 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The twins were born in Stillwater, Minnesota, Kyle six minutes after Lane. The Carlson twins grew up with two older siblings, Aaron and Michelle, and a younger sister, Lynnaya. Their mother Judy was a nursing assistant, and their father Rick owned a construction company. The brothers attended Stillwater High School, and both graduated from Winona State University, majoring in business. Kyle married model Jessica Hall in 2008, and they had a daughter in 2014.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 122064, 624207, 27715459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 44 ], [ 342, 365 ], [ 408, 420 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The brothers began their modeling career when Lane was spotted in a mall in La Crosse, Wisconsin, and they then met with fashion scouts in January 2000 in Minneapolis. Their agent was David Love from Elite Model Management in Chicago. The twins then became internationally successful models, and they quickly became gay icons due to the often homoerotic imagery of their photoshoots, despite both being heterosexual. As with the Brewer twins, the Carlson twins first received public attention after modeling naked for photographer Bruce Weber.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 139254, 2692786, 9180166, 1444815, 594519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 76, 96 ], [ 200, 222 ], [ 316, 324 ], [ 429, 441 ], [ 531, 542 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Carlson twins have worked for Armani, Out magazine, and Abercrombie and Fitch, with the popularity of the twins increasing after they appeared together in Abercrombie and Fitch's now discontinued catalog, A&F Quarterly (Spring Break 2001). At the peak of their careers, the Carlson twins frequently worked as underwear models, with Calvin Klein reputedly preferring Kyle to front the company's underwear campaigns.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 985094, 366439, 17255339, 2963556 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 40 ], [ 42, 45 ], [ 60, 81 ], [ 209, 222 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2002, Lane appeared as a contestant on NBC's Fear Factor; although he made it to the final round of the series, he did not win. In 2005, the Carlson twins appeared on the WB Television Network's comedy program, Mobile Home Disaster. In 2007, Kyle was regularly featured on the HGTV program, Deserving Design, with Vern Yip. Kyle's primary role on the program involved carpentry. Lane is the executive director of Sunflower Children, which he founded with Helena Houdová, and in 2010 he promoted awareness of autism at a charity event, Sea Paddle NYC.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 21780, 629176, 178240, 30876873, 13245713, 6677821, 23926921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 45 ], [ 48, 59 ], [ 175, 196 ], [ 282, 286 ], [ 296, 312 ], [ 319, 327 ], [ 460, 474 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lane Twins", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 37246545 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Brewer twins", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 1444815 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "List of twins", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 361364 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] } ]

[ "Male_models_from_Minnesota", "Identical_twins", "Twin_people_from_the_United_States", "Winona_State_University_alumni", "1978_births", "Living_people", "People_from_Stillwater,_Minnesota", "Twin_models" ]

[ "Kyle and Lane Carlson" ]

[ { "plaintext": "A meteor or \"shooting star\" is the visible streak of light from a heated and glowing object falling through the Earth's atmosphere.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 63793 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 2, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body travelling through outer space.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 63793 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A meteorite is a solid piece of debris from such a body which survives its passage through the Earth's atmosphere, and falls to the Earth's surface.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 19937 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Meteor may also refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (rocket), a Polish meteorology rocket (1963–1974)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Astronomy and space exploration", "target_page_ids": [ 1336667 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (satellite), three series of weather satellites of the Soviet Union, starting in 1969", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Astronomy and space exploration", "target_page_ids": [ 1615115 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor, a spacecraft recovery system being developed by the student-run Cambridge University society CU Spaceflight", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Astronomy and space exploration", "target_page_ids": [ 14299898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 102, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor, Wisconsin, a town in the United States", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Geography", "target_page_ids": [ 139724 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community, United States", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Geography", "target_page_ids": [ 34006650 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor Crater, Arizona, United States", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Geography", "target_page_ids": [ 56208 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Great Meteor Seamount, Portugal", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Geography", "target_page_ids": [ 13568980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (weather), any weather phenomenon, as studied in meteorology", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 23552323 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (web framework), an open-source JavaScript web application development platform", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 39133776 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " METeOR, an Australian information repository", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 21120155 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor goldfish, a variety of goldfish having no tail fin", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 11210006 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " METEOR (Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit ORdering), a metric for the evaluation of machine translation output", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 5855043 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (mobile network), a defunct mobile phone operator in Ireland", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Business", "target_page_ids": [ 632119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor Vineyard, a vineyard in Napa Valley", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Business", "target_page_ids": [ 7455241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Météor, a codename for the Paris Métro Line 14", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 916617 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (automobile), a brand of car from Ford Motor Company of Canada (1949–1976)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 1350460 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ford Meteor, a car model, available 1981–1995", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 372314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mercury Meteor, a car in North America, 1961–1963", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 3535872 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Volkswagen Meteor, a modified version of the MAN TGX made by Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 57006620 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (St. Louis-San Francisco Railway), a named passenger train", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 15366867 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Silver Meteor, an Amtrak train service", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 1307278 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor, a South Devon Railway Comet class 4-4-0ST steam locomotive", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 6153149 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (1986), a German research vessel", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 42250309 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (1915), a German survey vessel", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 33114424 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor, German Kaiser Wilhelm II's yacht, the former Thistle, which was sold in 1895 to the German Navy to be used as a school yacht and renamed Comet", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [ 8316552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " , several U.S. Navy ships", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " , several ships of the Royal Navy", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " , several ships of the Imperial German Navy", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " , several steamships", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transport", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor Music Awards, Ireland's national music awards, also known as \"The Meteors\"", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 1460129 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (film), a 1979 science-fiction film", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 1030073 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (miniseries), a 2009 disaster-science fiction two-part TV mini-series starring Billy Campbell and Marla Sokoloff", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 22933438 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor Records, an American record label", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 2129597 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Meteors, English psychobilly band formed in 1980", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 302272 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Meteor\" (Pink Lady song), 2019", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 63262038 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Meteor\", song by Changmo", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 54019210 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kamen Rider Meteor, a fictional character in the Japanese television series Kamen Rider Fourze", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 32145486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor, a powerful magic spell in the video game Final Fantasy VII", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 52756 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor, a 1929 play by S. N. Behrman", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 2908323 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor, a science fiction short story by John Wyndham in the collection The Seeds of Time", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 2836299 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 73, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (horse), a racing horse", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 38028392 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Meteor (juggling), a juggling prop", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Arts and entertainment", "target_page_ids": [ 28258455 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Meteor hammer, a Chinese martial arts weapon or dance prop", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Weaponry", "target_page_ids": [ 2929699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gloster Meteor, the first British jet fighter and the Allies' first operational jet (1943–1970s)", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Weaponry", "target_page_ids": [ 42702 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rolls-Royce Meteor, a tank engine version of the Rolls-Royce Merlin", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Weaponry", "target_page_ids": [ 1145352 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " MBDA Meteor, a next-generation beyond visual range air-to-air missile", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Weaponry", "target_page_ids": [ 305397 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " BSA Meteor Air Rifle, a Birmingham Small Arms Company-manufactured air rifle", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Weaponry", "target_page_ids": [ 2842368 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Meteorite (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 52546830 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Meteorology, the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 19904 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Meteora (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 26042083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 24 ] ] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Sulfuryl fluoride (also spelled sulphuryl fluoride) is an inorganic compound with the formula SO2F2. It is an easily condensed gas and has properties more similar to sulfur hexafluoride than sulfuryl chloride, being resistant to hydrolysis even up to 150°C. It is neurotoxic and a potent greenhouse gas, but is widely used as a fumigant insecticide to control termites.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 363442, 7043, 457036, 2682431, 14385, 21350772, 54808 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 58, 76 ], [ 86, 93 ], [ 166, 185 ], [ 191, 208 ], [ 229, 239 ], [ 288, 302 ], [ 360, 367 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The molecule is tetrahedral with C2v symmetry. The S-O distance is 140.5 pm, S-F is 153.0 pm. As predicted by VSEPR, the O-S-O angle is more open than the F-S-F angle, 124° and 97°, respectively.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [ 41890, 1117979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 45 ], [ 111, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "One synthesis begins with the preparation of potassium fluorosulfite:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "SO2 + KF → KSO2F", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "This salt is then chlorinated to give sulfuryl chloride fluoride:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [ 7124184 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "KSO2F + Cl2 → SO2ClF + KCl", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Further heating at 180°C of potassium fluorosulfite with the sulfuryl chloride fluoride gives the desired product:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "SO2ClF + KSO2F → SO2F2 + KCl + SO2", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Heating metal fluorosulfonate salts also gives this molecule:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [ 2840068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ba(OSO2F)2 → BaSO4 + SO2F2", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "It can be prepared by direct reaction of fluorine with sulfur dioxide:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [ 17481271, 50958 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 49 ], [ 55, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "SO2 + F2 → SO2F2", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On a laboratory scale, sulfuryl fluoride has been conveniently prepared from 1,1'-sulfonyldiimidazole, in the presence of potassium fluoride and acid.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [ 2199410 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 122, 140 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sulfuryl fluoride is unreactive toward molten sodium metal. Similarly it is slow to hydrolyze, but eventually converts to sulfur trioxide.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [ 580936 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 123, 138 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sulfuryl fluoride gas is a precursor to fluorosulfates and sulfamoyl fluorides:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [ 56416473 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "SO2F2 + ROH + base → ROSO2F + Hbase+F−", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Structure, preparation, reactions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Originally developed by the Dow Chemical Company, sulfuryl fluoride is in widespread use as a structural fumigant insecticide to control drywood termites, particularly in warm-weather portions of the southwestern and southeastern United States and in Hawaii. Less commonly, it can also be used to control rodents, powderpost beetles, deathwatch beetles, bark beetles, and bedbugs. Its use has increased as a replacement for methyl bromide, which was phased out because of harm to the ozone layer. It is an alternative to the use of phosphine, which is acutely toxic.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Use as a fumigant", "target_page_ids": [ 309668, 862621, 149463, 54808, 19337310, 2690369, 1407637, 1281721, 14338748, 241784, 264583 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 48 ], [ 105, 113 ], [ 114, 125 ], [ 145, 152 ], [ 305, 311 ], [ 314, 331 ], [ 334, 351 ], [ 354, 365 ], [ 372, 378 ], [ 424, 438 ], [ 533, 542 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During application, the building is enclosed and filled with the gas for a period of time, usually at least 16–18 hours, sometimes as long as 72 hours. The building must then be ventilated, generally for at least 6 hours, before occupants can return. California regulations are such that the tent will be on for three to five days, which includes ventilation. In the US, sulfuryl fluoride must be transported in a vehicle marked with \"Inhalation Hazard 2\" placards. Most states require a license or certification for the individual applying the fumigant.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Use as a fumigant", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The concentration is continuously monitored and maintained at the specified level using electronic equipment. Possible leakages are also checked by low range electronic detectors. Reentry to the home is allowed when the concentration level is at or below 5 ppm. Sulfuryl fluoride is colorless and odorless, however, during the fumigation process, a warning agent called chloropicrin is first released into the building to ensure that no occupants remain. Tent fumigation is the most effective treatment for the extermination of known and unknown infestations of wood-destroying insects. Heat is the only other approved method for whole structure treatment for termites in California. Sulfuryl fluoride provides no protection from future infestations, although heavy re-infestation can take several years since drywood termites have slower growing colonies than ground termites.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Use as a fumigant", "target_page_ids": [ 1965792 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 371, 383 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sulfuryl fluoride is marketed in the U.S. by three manufacturers, under four different brand names. Vikane (Dow) (EPA Reg. No. 62719- 4-ZA) has been commercially available since the early 1960s, with Zythor (marketed by competitor Ensystex of North Carolina) (EPA Reg. No. 81824- 1-AA) being more recently introduced gradually as its use is approved by individual states (in Florida circa 2004, but not in California until October 2006, for example). Sulfuryl fluoride has been marketed as a post-harvest fumigant for dry fruits, nuts, and grains under the trade name ProFume (U.S. EPA Reg. No. 62719- 376-AA). Most recently Drexel Chemical Company has registered Master Fume (EPA Reg. No. 19713-596-AA) for the structural market, competing against Vikane and Zythor.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Use as a fumigant", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Inhalation of sulfuryl fluoride is hazardous and may result in respiratory irritation, pulmonary edema, nausea, abdominal pain, central nervous system depression, numbness in the extremities, muscle twitching, seizures, and death. These high exposures occurred when people entered into structures illegally during fumigation or after insufficient aeration. Epidemiological studies showed that fumigation workers who used sulfuryl fluoride showed neurological effects, which included reduced performance on cognitive tests and pattern memory tests, and reduced olfactory function.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Health hazards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1987 an elderly couple was exposed to sulfuryl fluoride in their house already cleared for reentry. While the fumigation company opened windows and doors, and aerated the house with fans, sulfuryl fluoride level was not measured. It was not detected when the air was sampled 12 days after aeration. The couple experienced weakness, nausea and shortness of breath that evening. The man suffered a seizure and died the following day. His wife's condition got worse with pulmonary edema, and she died after a cardiovascular arrest 6 days later.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Health hazards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2015 a 10-year-old boy suffered severe brain damage and lost function of his left arm and leg after his home was treated with sulfuryl fluoride and insufficiently aerated, prompting a criminal investigation by the Department of Justice and the Florida Department of Agricultural and Consumer Services. Two pest control workers later pled guilty to charges of misuse of the pesticide resulting in the boy's poisoning, and were each sentenced to one year in prison.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Health hazards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2016, a 24-year-old man who allegedly entered an apartment that was being fumigated in Fremont, California to commit a burglary was exposed to sulfuryl fluoride and chloropicrin and died shortly thereafter. According to a police officer, he experienced labored breathing and was sweating before he collapsed just a few steps from the first floor window of the apartment he allegedly robbed.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Health hazards", "target_page_ids": [ 52826, 1965792 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 90, 109 ], [ 168, 180 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Based on the first high frequency, high precision, in situ atmospheric and archived air measurements, sulfuryl fluoride has an atmospheric lifetime of 30–40 years, much longer than the 5 years earlier estimated.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Greenhouse gas", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sulfuryl fluoride has been reported to be a greenhouse gas which is about 4000–5000 times more efficient in trapping infrared radiation (per kg) than carbon dioxide (per kg). The amount of sulfuryl fluoride released into the atmosphere is about 2000 metric tons per year. The most important loss process of sulfuryl fluoride is dissolution of atmospheric sulfuryl fluoride in the ocean followed by hydrolysis.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Greenhouse gas", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sulfuryl Fluoride Technical Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sulfuryl Fluoride General Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sulfuryl Fluoride Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Sulfuryl_compounds", "Oxyfluorides", "Fumigants", "Neurotoxins", "Greenhouse_gases" ]

[ "sulfur difluoride dioxide", "Vikane", "sulfuryl difluoride", "sulphuryl difluoride", "sulphuryl fluoride", "sulfur dioxide difluoride", "sulfuric oxyfluoride", "SF2O2", "SO2F2", "sulfonyl fluoride", "difluorodioxosulfur", "Sulfurylfluorid" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine Lowe (August 20, 1832 January 16, 1913), also known as Professor T. S. C. Lowe, was an American Civil War aeronaut, scientist and inventor, mostly self-educated in the fields of chemistry, meteorology, and aeronautics, and the father of military aerial reconnaissance in the United States. By the late 1850s he was well known for his advanced theories in the meteorological sciences as well as his balloon building. Among his aspirations were plans for a transatlantic flight.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 863, 5180, 19904, 2082, 20338498, 3434750 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 118, 136 ], [ 209, 218 ], [ 220, 231 ], [ 237, 248 ], [ 277, 298 ], [ 306, 319 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe's scientific endeavors were cut short by the onset of the American Civil War, for which he offered his services performing aerial reconnaissance on the Confederate troops for the Union Army. In July 1861 Lowe was appointed Chief Aeronaut of the Union Army Balloon Corps by President Abraham Lincoln. Though his work was generally successful, it was not fully appreciated by all members of the military, and disputes over his operations and pay scale forced him to resign in 1863. Lowe returned to the private sector and continued his scientific exploration of hydrogen gas manufacturing. He invented the water gas process by which large amounts of hydrogen gas could be produced from steam and coke. His inventions and patents on this process and ice making machines made him a millionaire.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 863, 360126, 4180369, 307, 4512387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 81 ], [ 184, 194 ], [ 250, 274 ], [ 288, 303 ], [ 609, 618 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1887 he moved to Los Angeles, California, and eventually built a 24,000 sq. ft. (2,230m2) home in Pasadena. He opened several ice-making plants and founded Citizen's Bank of Los Angeles. Lowe was introduced to David J. Macpherson, a civil engineer, who had drawn up plans for a scenic mountain railroad. In 1891 they incorporated the Pasadena & Mount Wilson Railroad Co. and began the construction of what would become the Mount Lowe Railway into the hills above Altadena. The railway opened on July 4, 1893, and was met with quick interest and success. Lowe continued construction toward Oak Mountain, renamed Mount Lowe, at an exhausting rate, both physically and financially. By 1899 Lowe had gone into receivership and eventually lost the railway to Jared S. Torrance. Lowe's fortunes had been all but lost, and he lived out his remaining days at his daughter's home in Pasadena, where he died at age 80.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 18110, 92408, 4066118, 107597, 1781512, 7392319 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 43 ], [ 101, 109 ], [ 213, 232 ], [ 466, 474 ], [ 614, 624 ], [ 757, 774 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Thaddeus Lowe was born August 20, 1832, to Clovis and Alpha Green Lowe in Jefferson Mills, Coos County, New Hampshire. Lowe's grandfather, Levi Lowe, fought in the Revolutionary War, and his father was a drummer boy in the War of 1812. Both Clovis and Alpha were native New Hampshirites, of pioneer stock and descendants of 17th century Pilgrims. Clovis was a cobbler, but later became a merchant in Jefferson. He dabbled in politics and was even elected to state legislature at one time. His politics and opinion were well respected in the state.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 124604, 93507, 771, 34059, 40442, 940322 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 74, 89 ], [ 91, 117 ], [ 164, 181 ], [ 223, 234 ], [ 337, 345 ], [ 360, 367 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Versions of the life of young Thaddeus vary. He was the second child in a family of five and was named Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine, more than likely after the character Thaddeus Constantine Sobieski (Tadeusz Kosciuszko) in an 1803 novel Thaddeus of Warsaw by Scottish author Jane Porter. His circumstances around the age of ten are uncertain; either his mother had died and Clovis married Mary Randall, or Lowe was sent away to another farm during which time his mother died and his father remarried. He apparently did work for another farm owned by the Plaisteds, but whether or not he lived there is uncertain. Clovis and Mary had seven more children, but there is a timeline confusion that may indicate she already had children when she married Clovis.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 140367, 1241690 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 202, 220 ], [ 277, 288 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "What is consistent in the stories of Lowe are accounts of his insatiable appetite for learning. He could not read enough material, and he had questions beyond the answering of his father or teachers. Lowe was also limited in the amount of time he had for school. His farm chores allowed him only three winter months to attend Common School at Jefferson Mills, two miles away. The school had no books, but, like Abraham Lincoln, Thad would spend his evenings in front of the fireplace reading books loaned from his teacher's personal library.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 131127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 343, 358 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By age fourteen, Thad had ventured out on his own: first to Portland, Maine, then back to Boston where he joined his older brother Joseph in the shoe [parts] cutting trade. At eighteen, Thad became quite ill and returned home. While he was still recuperating, his younger brother invited him to attend a chemistry lecture by one Professor Reginald Dinkelhoff featuring the phenomenon of lighter-than-air gases, specifically hydrogen. When Dinkelhoff requested a volunteer from the audience, an eager Thaddeus jumped to the fore. Dinkelhoff could see the interest in his eyes and after the show offered to take him on the road with him as an assistant. Lowe did so and after two years, upon the professor's retirement, bought out the show using the appellation \"Thaddeus Sobieski Coulincourt Lowe, Professor of Chemistry.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 44591 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The lecture circuit business proved lucrative enough for Lowe to seek out the education he so lacked as a child. He tried studying medicine to fulfill his grandmother's wish, but the boredom redirected him to his first interest, aviation with the use of lighter-than-air gases. American balloonists used coke gas to inflate limp silk bags, as opposed to the original French balloons which were cotton weave over rigid frameworks that were stood over fires to collect hot smoke (hot air). By the late 1850s, Lowe had become a foremost balloon builder and continued his lucrative business as a showman giving balloon rides to passersby and funfair attendees.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 18957, 58422, 85342, 38173, 504805 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 131, 139 ], [ 229, 237 ], [ 304, 308 ], [ 374, 382 ], [ 638, 645 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1855, at one of his lectures, he was introduced to a pretty Parisian actress, 19-year-old Leontine Augustine Gaschon. Her father was a palace guard of King Louis Phillipe who fled to the U.S. as a political refugee. A week later, on February 14, 1855, Thaddeus and Leontine wed. Their union would produce ten children, seven girls and three boys. Lowe continued with his scientific endeavors and the dream of owning his own balloon with the wild idea of making a transatlantic flight via the high winds he observed. He pored over the book A System of Aeronautics by John Wise, which had specific instructions for the construction of aerostats including the cutting, the sewing, the leak proofing.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 77352, 669724, 12051299 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 154, 173 ], [ 466, 486 ], [ 569, 578 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1857 Lowe built and piloted his first balloon in tethered flight at a small farm in Hoboken, New Jersey. Thad's father joined in the balloon making business and had become an accomplished aeronaut himself. In 1858 the Lowes built the larger balloon Enterprise and several others.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 125235, 2768077 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 87, 106 ], [ 252, 262 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe continued with his scientific endeavors and avocation to make a transatlantic flight via the high-altitude winds later known as the jet stream. In 1859 Lowe began the construction of a mammoth balloon to be named the City of New York. Meanwhile, he promoted the theory of transatlantic flight to many who had stock market interests in Europe. The recently laid transatlantic cable had failed, and sea travel was undependably slow. He amassed supporters from all corners of the business and scientific communities, in particular one Prof. Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian Institution, who wrote:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 669724, 16472, 187477, 65828 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 69, 89 ], [ 137, 147 ], [ 543, 555 ], [ 563, 586 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Smithsonian Institution has long been aware of the work and theories of Professor Lowe and we have found his statements scientifically sound. It is with great pleasure and satisfaction that we welcome proof of his genius. We shall follow the outcome of his plan with interest.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe's latest balloon, the City of New York, was a massive 103-foot (31.4 m) diameter balloon with an 11½ ton (10,433kg) lift capacity (on coke gas, 22½ ton (20,412kg) on hydrogen), which included a 20-foot (6 m) diameter, eight-man canvas-covered gondola and a suspended lifeboat named for his wife Leontine. It was prepared for a test flight to be launched at Reservoir Square in New York on November 1, 1859. Unfortunately the local gas company was not able to deliver a sufficient supply of gas. Within a week Lowe was invited to Philadelphia by Prof. John C. Cresson of the Benjamin Franklin Institute of Sciences, who also happened to be Chairman of the Board of the Point Breeze Gas Works. They promised a sufficient supply of gas. Lowe stored the balloon in Hoboken and waited for spring to do the test flight.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 226577 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 580, 619 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before the test flight the balloon was renamed the Great Western, on the advice of newspaperman Horace Greeley, to rival the maiden voyage of the steamship Great Eastern in the spring of 1860. Lowe made the flight successfully on June 28, 1860, from Philadelphia to New Jersey, but on his first attempt at a transatlantic launch on September 7, the Great Western was ripped open by a wind. A second attempt on September 29 was halted when the repaired spot on the balloon bulged during inflation. Lowe would need to overhaul the Great Western and wait for the next late spring.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 171486, 428857 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 96, 110 ], [ 156, 169 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A second test flight, at the suggestion of Prof. Henry, was made from Cincinnati and was to return him to the eastern seaboard. For this flight he used the smaller balloon Enterprise. His flight took off on the early morning of April 19, 1861, two days after Virginia had seceded from the Union. The flight misdirected him to Unionville, SC, where he was put under house arrest as a Yankee spy. Having established his identity as a man of science, he was allowed to return home, where he had received word from Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase to come to Washington with his balloon. The American Civil War permanently ended Lowe's attempt at a transatlantic crossing.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 18522615, 32432, 481130, 134700, 38936, 188978, 863 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 80 ], [ 259, 267 ], [ 285, 294 ], [ 326, 340 ], [ 383, 389 ], [ 537, 552 ], [ 597, 615 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On the evening of July 11, 1861 Lowe met President Lincoln and offered to perform a demonstration with the Enterprise and a telegraph set from a height some 500 feet (152.4 m) above the White House. Lowe's telegraph message read:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 307, 30010, 33057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 58 ], [ 124, 133 ], [ 186, 197 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe was competing for the position with three other prominent balloonists, John Wise, John LaMountain, and brothers Ezra Allen and James Allen. Wise and LaMountain were old critics of Lowe, but were not able to obtain the assignment so easily.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 12051299, 27985417 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 76, 85 ], [ 87, 102 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe's first outing was at the First Battle of Bull Run, with General Irvin McDowell and the Army of Northeastern Virginia. His performance was impressive, though he had the misfortune of having to land behind enemy lines. Fortunately he was found by members of the 31st New York Volunteers before the enemy could discover him, but after landing, he had twisted his ankle and was not able to walk out with them. They returned to Fort Corcoran to report his position. Eventually his wife Leontine, disguised as an old hag, came to his rescue with a buckboard and canvas covers and was able to extract him and his equipment safely.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 228867, 247909, 222590, 14544444, 12990206 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 55 ], [ 70, 84 ], [ 93, 122 ], [ 266, 290 ], [ 429, 442 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Word of his exploits got back to the President, who ordered General Winfield Scott to see to Lowe's formation of a balloon corps, with Lowe as Chief Aeronaut. It was almost four months before Lowe received orders and provisions to construct four (eventually seven) balloons equipped with mobile hydrogen gas generators. At the same time he assembled a band of men whom he would instruct in the methodology of military ballooning. The newly formed Union Army Balloon Corps remained a civilian contract organization, never receiving military commissions, a dangerous position lest any one of the men be captured as spies and summarily executed.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 61403, 4180369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 68, 82 ], [ 447, 471 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe returned to the Army of the Potomac now under General George McClellan, with his new military balloon the Eagle, though his generators were not ready. He performed ascensions over Yorktown, after which the Confederates retreated toward Richmond. Lowe was given use of a converted coal barge, the George Washington Parke Custis, onto which he loaded two new balloons and two new hydrogen gas generators, with which Lowe performed the first observations over water thereby making the GWP Custis the first ever aircraft carrier. In Lowe's Official Report to the Secretary Of War, he stated:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 222590, 104977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 40 ], [ 59, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe went on to serve in the Peninsula Campaign of 1862, making observations over Mechanicsville, Virginia, and the ensuing Battle of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks. This particular battle marks a pivotal moment where conflicting intelligence reports between Lowe (in the air) and Pinkerton (scouting on the ground) gave vastly different accounts on the number of Confederate troops. It is believed that had McClellan valued Lowe's intelligence over Pinkerton's, the Confederacy could have been dealt a \"knockout blow\" to its forces.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 264756, 137629, 1348508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 47 ], [ 82, 106 ], [ 124, 145 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe's ascent in the Intrepid over the Battle of Seven Pines, where he observed the oncoming Confederate Army and reported troop movements in a timely manner, saved the isolated army of General Samuel P. Heintzelman. Though he had used the hydrogen gas generators (each balloon camp was assigned two generator units), the inflation time was still another hour off. He quickly transferred the gas from the Constitution into the Intrepid by cutting a hole in the bottom of a camp kettle and connecting the balloons at the valve ends. The process took fifteen minutes, a time savings later valued at \"a million dollars a minute.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 16533524, 293722, 2620730 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 29 ], [ 93, 109 ], [ 194, 215 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The muddy bogs around Fair Oaks and the Chickahominy River gave rise to many exotic diseases such as typhoid and malaria. Lowe contracted malaria and was put out of service for more than a month. The unsuccessful Army of the Potomac was ordered to retreat to Washington, and Lowe's wagons and mules were commandeered for the withdrawal and eventually returned to the Quartermaster. When Lowe returned to Washington, he was hard-pressed to be put back into service. Eventually, he was called to Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg, where his services were used.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 476184, 31596, 20423 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 58 ], [ 101, 108 ], [ 113, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Balloon Corps was reassigned to the Engineers Corps. Lowe had been paid as a colonel ($10 gold per day), but in March 1863, Captain Cyrus B. Comstock was put in charge of the newly reassigned air division and cut Lowe's pay to $6 cash ($3 gold). At the same time, a Congressional assessment was being made of the air division and a disparaging third party report, which Lowe refuted in a lengthy response, gave pause to the Union commanders for further use of balloons. In addition, Lowe's appointments of personnel independent of the engineer officers had strained his relations with the military. Lowe tendered his resignation in May 1863 and the Allen brothers took charge of the Balloon Corps, but by August, the Corps had ceased to exist.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Participation in the Civil War (1861–1863)", "target_page_ids": [ 26721581 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 128, 153 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe sought to recuperate from the effects of malaria and the fatigue of war. He and Leontine returned to Jefferson, New Hampshire, where he spent time with his family. He had a month's return to Washington in the fall of 1863 to complete his war report to the Secretary, then returned home to buy a farm near Valley Forge, where the farming life allowed him to recompose himself.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Return to the private sector", "target_page_ids": [ 124604 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 106, 130 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As the advanced techniques of aerial reconnaissance developed by Lowe became influential around the world, Great Britain, France, even Brazil offered him the position of major-general if he were to organize a balloon corps for them. Having had enough of war, he declined the offer, but he did send them a balloon with equipment including portable generators. He consulted with their military experts and recruited his best aeronauts, the Allen brothers, to assist them. James and Ezra Allen formed the Brazilian Balloon Corps using two of Lowe's balloons, one 12.2 m to carry 6-8 people, and another 8.5 m in diameter to carry 2 persons.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Return to the private sector", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "During his Civil War days, Lowe had met Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, who was at the time acting as a military observer of the war. General McClellan had put all balloon ride-alongs off limits, so Lowe sent von Zeppelin to Poolesville to visit his German assistant aeronaut John Steiner, who could entertain him in his own language. Von Zeppelin returned in the 1870s to interview Lowe on all of his aeronautic techniques. Count von Zeppelin later designed the dirigible aircraft that bore his name.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Return to the private sector", "target_page_ids": [ 173798, 116490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 68 ], [ 223, 234 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe made a new home in Norristown, Pennsylvania where he continued with his scientific endeavors with hydrogen gas, improving upon and patenting the water gas process by which high volumes of the volatile fuel could be made from passing steam over hot coal. The industry revolutionized home heating and lighting along the eastern seaboard. He held several patents on ice making machines, including his perfected \"Compression Ice Machine\" which would revolutionize the cold storage industry. He also discovered that gas burning through a platinum mantle produced a bright illumination (as later found in the Coleman lantern).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Return to the private sector", "target_page_ids": [ 133389, 4512387, 46238, 376774, 1574745, 237275 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 48 ], [ 150, 159 ], [ 368, 387 ], [ 547, 553 ], [ 608, 615 ], [ 616, 623 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He bought an old steamship in which he installed his refrigerating units and began shipping fresh fruit from New York to Galveston, and fresh beef back. This was an historical first where people were able to eat fresh beef that hadn't been packed in preservative salts. His steamship venture failed due to his lack of knowledge about shipping, but the industry was picked up by several other countries.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Return to the private sector", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe also manufactured products that ran on hydrogen gas. With these and his several patents, Lowe amassed a fortune. For his achievements, Lowe received the coveted Elliott Cresson Medal for the Invention Held to be Most Useful to Mankind.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Return to the private sector", "target_page_ids": [ 23600338 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 166, 187 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1873, Lowe developed and patented the Lowe's water gas process which is a modification of the water gas process by which large amounts of hydrogen enriched gas could be generated for residential and commercial use in heating and lighting. Unlike the common coal gas, or coke gas which was used in municipal service, this gas provided a more efficient heating fuel that was also suitable for illumination. The basic water gas reaction is:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Lowe's gas process", "target_page_ids": [ 4512387, 13255, 387268, 387268 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 97, 106 ], [ 141, 149 ], [ 260, 268 ], [ 273, 281 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "C + H2O → CO + H2", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Lowe's gas process", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Lowe process is a three-stage modified water gas process in which 'blue' water gas is modified by addition of pyrolized oils to render a yellow flame usable for domestic lighting as well as heating. Blue water gas is a term used for water gas produced from clean-burning fuels such as anthracite, coke and charcoal and produces a blue flame.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Lowe's gas process", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Lowe process is performed in a series of three chambers, the generator, the carburettor and the superheater. The original air blast is used to produce air gas in the generator. The heat of primary combustion heats the coal sufficiently, while the air gas is burned by a second air blast in the other two chambers in which the oil for carburetting is decomposed. These chambers contain a quantity of loose fire brick called \"checker work,\" and the air gas is burned in them during the time the air blast is on the main producer. When the coal and checker work are hot enough, the air blast is shut off and the steam blast is turned on. Heat stored in the checker work pyrolyzes the mixture of water gas and oil, which is led through the chambers while the steam blast is on the producers. The Lowe process is endothermic, and cools the generator and checker work, so the process has to alternate between air blast for heating and steam blast for gas production.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Lowe's gas process", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The process spurred on the industry of gas manufacturing, and gasification plants were established quickly along the Eastern seaboard of the United States. Similar processes, like the Haber Process, led to the manufacture of ammonia (NH3) by the combining of nitrogen, found in air, with high volumes of hydrogen. This spurred on the refrigeration industry which long used ammonia as its refrigerant. Prof. Lowe also held several patents on artificial ice making machines, and was able to run successful businesses in cold storage as well as products which operated on hydrogen gas.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Lowe's gas process", "target_page_ids": [ 262256, 14022, 1365, 21175, 202898, 46238, 592486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 74 ], [ 184, 197 ], [ 225, 232 ], [ 259, 267 ], [ 278, 281 ], [ 334, 347 ], [ 388, 399 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1887, Lowe moved to Los Angeles and in 1890 to Pasadena, California, where he built a 24,000 square foot (2200 m2) mansion. He started a water-gas company, founded the Citizens Bank of Los Angeles, established several ice plants, and bought a Pasadena opera house.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Retirement in Pasadena, California", "target_page_ids": [ 92408, 155040 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 70 ], [ 255, 266 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Early Pasadenans always had a dream of a scenic mountain railroad to the crest of the San Gabriel Mountains. David J. Macpherson, a civil engineer graduate of Cornell University, had the general plans for just such a railroad. He was introduced to Prof. Lowe with the idea of joining Macpherson's plans and Lowe's money together in one venture.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Retirement in Pasadena, California", "target_page_ids": [ 432073, 4066118 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 86, 107 ], [ 109, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1891, Lowe and Macpherson incorporated the Pasadena & Mount Wilson Railroad (later the Mount Lowe Railway). Unable to obtain all the rights of way to Mt. Wilson, the two men redirected their railway toward Oak Mountain via the Echo promontory. The difference between this and any other scenic mountain railway of its kind was that it was an all-electric traction trolley (streetcar), the only one of its kind to ever exist. Oak Mountain was later renamed Mount Lowe, and to make it official, Andrew McNally, the co-founder of the map printing company Rand McNally who had moved to Altadena, had the name Mt. Lowe printed on all his maps.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Retirement in Pasadena, California", "target_page_ids": [ 1780237, 1418453, 30733, 1781512, 17857378, 385452, 107597 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 90, 108 ], [ 153, 163 ], [ 366, 373 ], [ 458, 468 ], [ 495, 509 ], [ 554, 566 ], [ 584, 592 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe opened the first section of the railway on July 4, 1893, from the corner of Lake and Calaveras in Altadena to the Rubio Pavilion in the Rubio Canyon, then transferring to a steep long funicular to Echo Mountain. At the top there was a 40-room chalet. In 1894, he added an 80-room hotel, the Echo Mountain House, and the observatory. By 1896, the upper division was finished into Grand Canyon at Ye Alpine Tavern. Altogether there were some seven miles (11.265km) of track. Lowe lost the venture to receivership in 1899, which left him impoverished. The MLR became part of Henry Huntington's recently formed Pacific Electric Railway (also known as \"Red Car\") in 1902.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Retirement in Pasadena, California", "target_page_ids": [ 50680, 1781502, 261985, 254441 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 190, 199 ], [ 203, 216 ], [ 578, 594 ], [ 613, 637 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The only part of the railway property that remained Lowe's was the observatory on Echo Mountain. It boasted a 16-inch (406.4mm) reflective telescope from which many astronomical finds were made. It was blown down in a gale in 1928. The railway fell in stages to the Echo Mountain House fire, a kitchen fire on February 4, 1900; a wind-aided brush fire on Echo Mountain in 1905, which wiped out everything except the observatory and the astronomer's cabin; a Rubio Canyon flash flood in 1909 that destroyed the Pavilion; and an electrical fire that razed the Tavern in 1936. The line was abandoned after the Los Angeles deluge of March 1938.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Retirement in Pasadena, California", "target_page_ids": [ 266611, 50650 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 139, 148 ], [ 165, 177 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe died at his daughter's Pasadena home on January 16, 1913, at age 80, after a few years of failing health. Lowe was buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Altadena, California. His wife Leontine died a year later and was buried next to him. Also buried near the Lowe monument are his two sons, Leon and Sobieski, and other family members. Many of the family members returned to the East Coast. A nearby monument has been separately erected for his son Thaddeus and his wife. Thaddeus Lowe's granddaughter Pancho Lowe Barnes was also an aviation pioneer.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Death and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 1879294 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 506, 524 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Mount Lowe Railway was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 6, 1993. The mountain itself still bears his name. Lowe is a member of the U.S. Army Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. Lowe Army Heliport at Fort Rucker, Alabama is named in his honor.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Death and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 64065, 2054011, 26771263, 104634 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 77 ], [ 174, 208 ], [ 211, 229 ], [ 233, 253 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "His house in Norristown, Pennsylvania, at 823 W. Main Street, still exists.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Death and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 133389 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe is featured on a New Hampshire historical marker (number 19) along U.S. Route 2 in Jefferson.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Death and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 3355313, 3384551, 20367368 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 53 ], [ 55, 64 ], [ 72, 84 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe was portrayed by Stuart Whitman in the movie High Flying Spy in 1972, produced by Walt Disney Productions.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Thaddeus Lowe in popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 161519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The story of Lowe's Balloon Corps was the subject of an episode of Drunk History, with Greg Kinnear playing Lowe and Stephen Merchant playing President Lincoln.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Thaddeus Lowe in popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 39949337, 598459, 1130374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 67, 80 ], [ 87, 99 ], [ 117, 133 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Civil War TV mini-series, The Blue and the Gray, features a scene with Thaddeus Lowe testing his observation balloon during the 1862 Peninsula campaign. Lowe is played by actor James Carroll Jordan.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Thaddeus Lowe in popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 13197669 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Manning, Mike, Intrepid: An Account of Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, Civil War Aeronaut and Hero.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Lowe, Thaddeus, Official Report (to the Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton) (Parts I & II) (#11 & #12) O.R. - Series III - Volume III [S#124] Correspondence, Orders, Reports, and Returns of the Union Authorities From January 1 to December 31, 1863.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Block, Eugene B., Above the Civil War, 1966.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Hoehling, Mary, Thaddeus Lowe, America's One-Man Air Corps, 1958.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Seims, Charles, Mount Lowe, The Railway in the Clouds, 1976.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Evans, Charles M. The War of the Aeronauts: A History of Ballooning in the Civil War. Stackpole Books, 2002.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Evans, Charles M., Air War Over Virginia, an on-line publication.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Manning, Mike. Man, Mountain and Monument. 2001.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Poleskie, Stephen, The Balloonist: The Story of T. S. C. Lowe—Inventor, Scientist, Magician, and Father of the U.S. Air Force. Frederic C. Beil, 2007.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " T.S.C Lowe site curated by his great great grandson", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Mount Lowe Preservation Society", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Library of Congress guide to resources on Civil War Aeronautics and Lowe ", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1832_births", "1913_deaths", "American_balloonists", "American_chemists", "American_inventors", "American_railroad_pioneers", "Aerial_reconnaissance_pioneers", "People_from_Jefferson,_New_Hampshire", "People_from_Pasadena,_California", "People_of_the_American_Civil_War", "Altadena,_California" ]

[ "Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine Lowe", "Thaddeus Lowe", "T. S. C. Lowe" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The University of Bielsko-Biała (Polish Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej (ATH in the logo and website) is a university in Bielsko-Biała, Poland, established in 2001. It was previously part of the Technical University of Łódź.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 22975, 19725260, 74603, 22936, 864041 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 39 ], [ 126, 136 ], [ 140, 153 ], [ 155, 161 ], [ 214, 242 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The University of Bielsko-Biała was founded in October 2001 as an independent government academic institution. Previously it was a branch of Łódź University of Technology, founded in 1969 at the request of the Bielsko-Biała industrial region.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "At present there are 10,000 students in the university. The machine-building, electrical and textile industries are traditional for the region, so the main courses of education have been long-established. As the economy changed, the university followed, developing new faculties such as Management, Environmental Protection, Information Sciences and Humanities.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Student life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The university employs an experienced academic staff: professors and other experts from the region, who deliver lectures and carry out research. The number of the academic staff is growing constantly. At present, it comprises about 350 people, including about 160 professors and doctors.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Student life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The main educational and scientific core of the college consists of:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Information Sciences ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Faculty of Textile Engineering and Environmental Protection", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Faculty of Management and Information Sciences", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Faculty of Health Sciences", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "There are several inter-faculty units, including the Department of Foreign Languages, the Department of Physical Education and Sport, the Main Library and Centre of Postgraduate Studies and Vocational Training.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Licentiate (B.A. or B.Sc.)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Levels of study", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Master of Arts (M.A.) and Master of Sciences (M.Sc.)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Levels of study", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Advanced/postgraduate study", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Levels of study", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Doctorate", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Levels of study", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Higher/post doctorate (habilitatus)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Levels of study", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In a survey conducted by the Polish edition of Newsweek in 2008, University of Bielsko-Biała was selected as the fifth best among all Polish universities.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Ranking", "target_page_ids": [ 214169 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The university is in a city that can be easily reached. Bielsko is in equal distance from Prague, Warsaw, and Vienna. It's a very attractive tourist region. Nice atmosphere, friendly attitude towards students, chance to train in interesting companies. It is characteristic of the region that many foreign companies have their headquarters in the neighborhood of Bielsko-Biała. There are also many foreigners who work in the region. These students who can possibly take up a job in Poland or branch offices of foreign concerns can undergo such training here.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Region", "target_page_ids": [ 74603 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 362, 375 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of colleges and universities", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 5252 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bielsko-Biała", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 74603 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " University of Bielsko-Biała Website. ", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Universities_and_colleges_in_Poland", "Bielsko-Biała", "Engineering_universities_and_colleges_in_Poland", "Universities_and_colleges_in_Silesian_Voivodeship" ]

[ "Academy of Technology and Humanities in Bielsko-Biała" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Dixie Kiefer (April 5, 1896 – November 11, 1945) was a United States Navy officer who served during World War II as executive officer of USS Yorktown and commanding officer of USS Ticonderoga. He was one of the Navy's best known figures during the war.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 20518076, 32927, 436111, 194844, 651310, 335396 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 73 ], [ 100, 112 ], [ 116, 133 ], [ 141, 149 ], [ 154, 172 ], [ 180, 191 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Born in eastern Idaho at Blackfoot, Kiefer was the son of Mr. and Mrs. H. G. Kiefer and graduated from Lincoln High School in Lincoln, Nebraska. He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1915 and was commissioned in June 1918. His first assignment was USS Corona, a small anti-submarine patrol vessel operating in European waters during the last part of World War I.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 3285822, 110617, 3331431, 17653, 21647, 59766, 18301558, 28825, 4764461 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 21 ], [ 25, 34 ], [ 103, 122 ], [ 126, 133 ], [ 135, 143 ], [ 160, 187 ], [ 256, 266 ], [ 281, 290 ], [ 358, 369 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the 1920s, Kiefer became a pilot in the fledgling aviation branch of the Navy. On 11 November 1924, he made the first ever night take-off from a warship. His plane, a Vought UO-1, was launched by catapult from USS California in the harbor of San Diego. The only illumination was California searchlights, directed 1,000 yards in the distance.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Naval aviator", "target_page_ids": [ 4106216, 958662, 196870, 28504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 170, 181 ], [ 199, 207 ], [ 213, 227 ], [ 245, 254 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By World War II, Kiefer had risen to the rank of commander. He served as Executive Officer of the aircraft carrier in the Battle of Coral Sea and Battle of Midway. He received the Distinguished Service Medal for Coral Sea and the Navy Cross for Midway. When Yorktown was sunk at Midway, Kiefer shattered his right leg and ankle while leaping from the ship.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "World War II", "target_page_ids": [ 14157109, 436111, 2219, 61992, 60112, 767197, 467872 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 58 ], [ 73, 90 ], [ 98, 114 ], [ 123, 142 ], [ 147, 163 ], [ 181, 208 ], [ 231, 241 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After recovering from his injuries, Kiefer was promoted to captain and given command of the new carrier , which was commissioned at the Norfolk Navy Yard on 8 May 1944. He was popular with his sailors and was credited with training the carrier's air group and crew into an efficient wartime team. Reportedly, Kiefer would use the bullhorn 4-5 times a day to hurry his flight deck crew or else \"that admiral over there will give me hell.\" When the ship passed through the Panama Canal, Kiefer ensured that nearly the entire 3,000 crew received shore leave.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "World War II", "target_page_ids": [ 6461120, 162335 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 66 ], [ 136, 153 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 21 January 1945, Ticonderoga was hit by two Japanese kamikaze bombers. 144 men were killed and 200 injured. The first kamikaze hit started large fires among gasoline and planes in the hangar deck. Kiefer had port-side compartment deliberately flooded to put a 10-degree list on the ship. This caused the flaming gasoline to slide overboard – a procedure not used before. Then he maneuvered the ship to upwind of the burning wreckage. A second kamikaze hit Ticonderoga later that day. The explosion from that hit injured Kiefer, with 65 wounds from bomb shrapnel and a broken arm. Nonetheless he remained in command on the bridge for eleven hours, not leaving until it was reported that all of the other injured were treated.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "World War II", "target_page_ids": [ 16625 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "While recovering from his injuries, Kiefer was made an honorary commodore in a ceremony at Rockefeller Center. He also served as commander of the Naval Air Station at Quonset, Rhode Island. He received the Distinguished Service Medal from Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal, who called him \"the indestructible man\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "World War II", "target_page_ids": [ 3441984, 165886, 534509, 767197, 44001, 222301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 73 ], [ 91, 109 ], [ 167, 188 ], [ 207, 234 ], [ 240, 261 ], [ 262, 280 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He had not yet recovered when he died at age 49 on 11 November 1945 – his arm was still in a cast. He was killed in the crash of his Navy transport plane on Mount Beacon, New York, while returning to Quonset from Caldwell, New Jersey.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "World War II", "target_page_ids": [ 5261038, 8210131, 125159 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 157, 169 ], [ 171, 179 ], [ 213, 233 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kiefer was said to be the most battered officer in the Navy. He broke his left ankle and split his kneecap playing football as a youth. His left elbow was smashed when a fellow pilot \"buzzed\" him in a seaplane and hit his arm with a wingtip float. The crew of Ticonderoga said of him, \"He's got so much metal in him the ship's compass follows him when he walks across the deck.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "World War II", "target_page_ids": [ 291731 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 201, 209 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kiefer was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "World War II", "target_page_ids": [ 83390, 91363 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 48 ], [ 52, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arlington National Cemetery", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " U.S. Navy History - Dixie Kiefer", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1896_births", "1945_deaths", "People_from_Blackfoot,_Idaho", "People_from_Lincoln,_Nebraska", "People_from_Kansas_City,_Missouri", "United_States_Navy_commodores", "United_States_Naval_Academy_alumni", "United_States_Navy_personnel_of_World_War_II", "Recipients_of_the_Navy_Cross_(United_States)", "Recipients_of_the_Navy_Distinguished_Service_Medal", "Recipients_of_the_Silver_Star", "Burials_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery", "United_States_Navy_personnel_of_World_War_I" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Denis Joseph Savard (born February 4, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1980 to 1997, and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2000. In 2017 Savard was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. Savard was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks and became the forefront of the team during the 1980s. He led the Blackhawks to the Conference Finals four times, losing each time, twice being to Gretzky's Edmonton Oilers. Savard is known for the spin' o rama move, a tactic in Hockey used to create distance between the puck carrier and opponent. Savard won one Stanley Cup with the Montreal Canadiens in 1993. Savard also played with the Tampa Bay Lighting for two seasons before returning to the Chicago Blackhawks in 1994, and then retiring there in 1997. He has also served as head coach of the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL, and now serves as an ambassador for the Blackhawks' organization. Savard was born in Gatineau, Quebec, but grew up in Montreal.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 19851291, 14790, 21809, 2386421, 1575490, 74098, 57015890, 33422, 73129, 6623734, 42966, 73124, 73126, 100709, 7954867, 7954681 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 57 ], [ 78, 88 ], [ 114, 136 ], [ 148, 152 ], [ 156, 160 ], [ 185, 204 ], [ 251, 275 ], [ 481, 488 ], [ 491, 506 ], [ 532, 544 ], [ 669, 687 ], [ 725, 743 ], [ 885, 903 ], [ 1001, 1009 ], [ 1011, 1017 ], [ 1034, 1042 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As a youth, Savard played in the 1973 and 1974 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from Verdun, Quebec.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "NHL playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 59537946, 4565511, 731916 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 93 ], [ 102, 118 ], [ 129, 143 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For the 1980 NHL Entry Draft, the Montreal Canadiens held the first overall pick and many fans hoped the Canadiens would use it to draft Savard. Instead, the Canadiens drafted Doug Wickenheiser and Savard was chosen third overall by the Chicago Blackhawks. He was the highest drafted player in Blackhawks' history, until the organization drafted Patrick Kane with the first overall pick in 2007. He began his career during the 1980–81 NHL season in which he had three assists in his first game. He then went on to set the Blackhawks' record (since broken) for most points by a rookie with 75.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "NHL playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 3417477, 42966, 3112201, 73126, 8636786, 2386421, 561277, 682620 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 29 ], [ 35, 53 ], [ 177, 194 ], [ 238, 256 ], [ 347, 359 ], [ 428, 446 ], [ 469, 476 ], [ 566, 572 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He was known for his trademark move, the 'Savardian Spin-o-rama' (a term actually coined by Danny Gallivan, referencing the move performed by Serge Savard), which entailed Savard whirling around with the puck in a full rotation allowing him to defeat defenders and goaltenders alike.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "NHL playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 1293437, 1023324 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 92, 106 ], [ 142, 154 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savard had two separate stints with the Blackhawks. The first was from the 1980–81 season to the 1989–90 season. The second was from 1994–95 to 1996–97. During his absence from Chicago, he played for the Montreal Canadiens (1990–91 to 1992–93) and the Tampa Bay Lightning (1993–94 to 1994–95).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "NHL playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 2107768, 1882030, 1575490, 42966, 2094062, 948874, 73124, 2049643, 1882030 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 97, 104 ], [ 133, 140 ], [ 144, 151 ], [ 204, 222 ], [ 224, 231 ], [ 235, 242 ], [ 252, 271 ], [ 273, 280 ], [ 284, 291 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On June 29, 1990, Savard was infamously traded to the Montreal Canadiens for star defenceman Chris Chelios and a second-round pick (Mike Pomichter), a transaction that has since been considered largely in Chicago's favor as Chelios would produce some of his best seasons as a Blackhawk while Savard's career was on the decline. Savard won the Stanley Cup with the Canadiens in 1993, although Savard was kept out of much of the postseason due to a hairline fracture in his ankle, and was essentially an assistant coach by the clinching game five.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "NHL playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 42966, 567684, 664978, 68415699, 66968, 948874 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 72 ], [ 82, 92 ], [ 93, 106 ], [ 132, 146 ], [ 343, 354 ], [ 377, 381 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He signed as a free agent with the Tampa Bay Lightning in the summer of 1993, where he played a season and a half. On April 6, 1995, Savard was traded back to Chicago, for a 1996 sixth-round pick (Xavier Delisle). Savard's NHL career would end where it had started, with the Blackhawks.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "NHL playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 73124, 12138285 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 54 ], [ 197, 211 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1,196 NHL games, Savard scored 473 goals and 865 assists, totalling 1338 points. He trails only Bobby Hull and Stan Mikita for total points in Chicago Blackhawks history. Five times during his career he scored at least 100 points and for seven straight years he had at least 30 goals. His highest point total of 131 came in 1987–88 and his highest goal total of 47 came in 1985–86. In 169 playoff games, he scored 66 goals and 109 assists for a total of 175 points.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "NHL playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 21809, 561277, 682620, 105319, 358775, 1941799, 2377471 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 12 ], [ 52, 59 ], [ 76, 82 ], [ 99, 109 ], [ 114, 125 ], [ 327, 334 ], [ 376, 383 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savard officially retired from professional hockey on June 26, 1997. On March 19, 1998, the Blackhawks retired his jersey number #18. Savard was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 13, 2000.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "NHL playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 74098 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 164, 183 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Stanley Cup champion: 1993", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 66968, 1783460 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 22, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Selected to nine NHL All-Star Games: 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1996", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 278260, 23385510, 4448621, 23385441, 15608925, 15511840, 3494216, 3482719, 3497991, 4431831 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 35 ], [ 37, 41 ], [ 43, 47 ], [ 49, 53 ], [ 55, 59 ], [ 61, 65 ], [ 67, 71 ], [ 73, 77 ], [ 79, 83 ], [ 85, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "NHL Second All-Star Team: 1983", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 5733801, 2377572 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 24 ], [ 26, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " #24 All Time in Career Assists (865) - \"Regular Season\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " #29 All Time in Career Points (1338) - \"Regular Season\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " #19 All Time in Career Assists Per Game Average (0.72) \"Regular Season\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " #20 All Time in Career Points Per Game Average (1.12) \"Regular Season\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " #19 All Time in Career Playoff Goals (66)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " #18 All Time in Career Playoff Assists (109)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " #16 All Time in Career Playoff Points (175)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " #9 All Time in Career Playoff Hat Tricks (3)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "12 Regular Season Hat Tricks", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "3 Playoff Hat Tricks", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "4 time Hart Trophy Nominee (1981–82) (1982–83) (1983–84) (1987–88)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "(Regular Season)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 5 times Top 10 in Points (1981–82) (1982–83) (1984–85) (1985–86) (1987–88)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 5 times Top 10 in Assists (1981–82) (1982–83) (1984–85) (1984–85) (1985–86) (1987–88)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 1 time Top 10 in Goals (1985–86)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 2 times Top 10 in Even Strength Goals (1985–86) (1986–87)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 2 times Top 10 in Shorthanded Goals (1987–88) (1988–89)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 2 times Top 10 in Game Winning Goals (1985–86) (1986–87)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 2 times Top 5 in Hat Tricks (1984–85) (1986–87)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 4 times Top 10 in Goals Created (1981–82) (1982–83) (1985–86) (1987–88)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 7 times Top 10 in Assists Per Game (1981–82) (1982–83) (1984–85) (1985–86) (1987–88) (1988–89) (1989–90)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 4 times Top 5 in Assists Per Game Average (1981–82) (1982–83) (1987–88) (1988–89)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 7 times Top 10 in Points Per Game Average (1981–82) (1982–83) (1985–86) (1986–87) (1987–88) (1988–89) (1989–90)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 2 times Top 3 in Points Per Game Average (1982–83) (1987–88)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "(Playoffs)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 5 times Top 10 in Points (1982) (1983) (1985) (1989) (1995)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 3 times Top 10 in Assists (1985) (1989) (1995)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 5 times Top 10 in Points (1982) (1985) (1989) (1990) (1995)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 3 times Top 10 in Goals Per Game Average (1982) (1983) (1985)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 1 time Top 10 in Assists Per Game Average (1985) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 2 times Top 10 in Points Per Game Average (1985) (1995)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 5 times Top 10 in Goals Created Per Game (1982) (1983) (1985) (1989) (1995)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Shortly after his retirement as a player, Savard began a coaching career with the Blackhawks in December 1997. On November 27, 2006, Savard was named interim head coach of the Chicago Blackhawks after Trent Yawney was fired mid-season. He was commended for leading a young Blackhawks team to within 3 points of a playoff berth during his second season as coach. The Hawks finished just one victory away from the .500 mark in 2007–2008. The 40 wins in 2007–08 marked the first time the club had reached the 40 win mark in six years.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Coaching career", "target_page_ids": [ 2410581 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 202, 214 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On October 16, 2008, just four games into the season Savard was fired as coach of the Chicago Blackhawks. He was replaced by former Colorado Avalanche coach Joel Quenneville, who had been hired as a scout for the Blackhawks during the previous summer. In 147 games as coach, Savard posted a 65–66–16 record. Savard remains as an ambassador for the Blackhawks and received Stanley Cup rings in 2010, 2013 and 2015.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Coaching career", "target_page_ids": [ 70948, 794278, 641406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 132, 150 ], [ 157, 173 ], [ 199, 204 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savard has a cousin named Jean Savard who also played for the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1970s. He also shared the same number as Serge Savard, who is unrelated to him. They shared the same number (#18), and in the 1990s Serge was general manager of the Habs when he acquired Denis from the Blackhawks.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personal life", "target_page_ids": [ 24637289, 1023324 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 37 ], [ 129, 141 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savard is sometimes called \"Savoir-Faire\" referring to a fictional French Canadian mouse that was the archnemesis of the cartoon character Klondike Kat.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Personal life", "target_page_ids": [ 144743, 1556860, 9493087 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 67, 82 ], [ 102, 113 ], [ 139, 151 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of members of the Hockey Hall of Fame", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 6301333 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of NHL statistical leaders", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 585899 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of NHL players with 1000 points", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 3672386 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"One on One with Serge Savard\" by Kevin Shea, December 16, 2003, retrieved August 10, 2006", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Hockey draft central", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1961_births", "Canadian_ice_hockey_centres", "Canadian_ice_hockey_coaches", "Chicago_Blackhawks_captains", "Chicago_Blackhawks_coaches", "Chicago_Blackhawks_draft_picks", "Chicago_Blackhawks_players", "Hockey_Hall_of_Fame_inductees", "Ice_hockey_people_from_Quebec", "Living_people", "Montreal_Canadiens_players", "Montreal_Juniors_players", "National_Hockey_League_All-Stars", "National_Hockey_League_first_round_draft_picks", "National_Hockey_League_players_with_retired_numbers", "Sportspeople_from_Gatineau", "Sportspeople_from_Montreal", "Stanley_Cup_champions", "Tampa_Bay_Lightning_players" ]

[ "Denis Joseph Savard" ]

[ { "plaintext": "İske imlâ (İske imlâ: , , , \"Old Orthography\") is a variant of the Arabic script, used for the Tatar language before 1920, as well as for the Old Tatar language. This alphabet can be referred to as \"old\" only to contrast it with Yaña imlâ.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6685329, 189720, 1118619, 6128851 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 67, 80 ], [ 95, 109 ], [ 142, 160 ], [ 229, 238 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Additional characters that could not be found in Arabic and Persian were borrowed from the Chagatai language. The final alphabet was reformed by Qayum Nasiri in the 1870s. In 1920, it was replaced by the Yaña imlâ (which was not an Abjad, but derived from the same source).", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 803, 848217, 202337, 6128851, 877 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 55 ], [ 60, 67 ], [ 91, 108 ], [ 204, 213 ], [ 232, 237 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "This alphabet is currently used by Chinese Tatars, who speak an archaic variant of the Tatar language.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 8131655, 189720 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 49 ], [ 87, 101 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Use of the Arabic script for Tatar was linked to Pan Islam and anti-Sovietism, with the old traditional class promoting Arabic script in opposition to the Soviets.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Description", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Based on the standard Arabic alphabet, İske imlâ reflected all vowels in the beginning and end of a word and back vowels in the middle of a word with letters, but front vowels in the middle of a word, as in most Arabic alphabets, were optionally reflected using harakat (diacritics on top of or below consonants). Just as in standard Arabic orthography, letters Alif, Yāʼ and Waw were used to represent all vowels in the beginning and end of a word and back vowels in the middle of a word, with various harakat on top or below them and in these cases the letters actually denoted a vowel. The same harakat that combined with the afore-mentioned letters to make vowels were used in the middle of a word on top of or below a consonant to represent a front vowel. However, the following pairs/triplets of Tatar vowels were represented by the same harakat, because Arabic language only uses 3 of them to represent vowels which can be either back or front depending on whether they are applied to Alif, Yāʼ and Waw or another letter (plus Alif madda represents a in the beginning of a word):", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Description", "target_page_ids": [ 278728, 1780316, 1137058, 1137047, 1780316, 1137058, 1137047 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 262, 269 ], [ 362, 366 ], [ 368, 371 ], [ 376, 379 ], [ 992, 996 ], [ 998, 1001 ], [ 1006, 1009 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "ı, e, í and i were represented with kasra, whereas ö and ü were represented with damma. O and U also looked the same, but being back vowels, they were represented with the help of Alif and Waw and thus were distinct from ö and ü. Fatḥah represented only one vowel. While the user had to make a conversion of writing into pronunciation, somewhat akin to English, this allowed for more similar orthography between Turkic languages, because words looked more similar even when vowels vary, such as in cases of variations like ö to ü, o to u, or e to i.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Description", "target_page_ids": [ 25346998, 9222, 278728, 194816, 210946, 278728, 1780316, 1137047, 278728 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 1 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 36, 41 ], [ 51, 52 ], [ 57, 58 ], [ 81, 86 ], [ 180, 184 ], [ 189, 192 ], [ 230, 236 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Yaña imlâ added separate letters for vowels and thus broke out with standard Arabic alphabets, but spelling followed no standard convention. During that period, the Tatar language had no borrowed vowels and consonants, so Arab loanwords were pronounced using the closest Tatar consonants (see table). European and Russian loanwords were pronounced according to how they could be written with the İske imlâ, so that, for example, \"equator\" was spelled \"ikwatur\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Description", "target_page_ids": [ 25431, 59787, 20611356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 314, 321 ], [ 322, 330 ], [ 430, 437 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sample text", "target_page_ids": [ 31899 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tatar alphabet", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 690972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] } ]

[ "Arabic_alphabets", "Persian_alphabets", "Chinese_Tatars", "Tatar_language", "Alphabets_used_by_Turkic_languages" ]

[ "Iske imla alphabet" ]

[ { "plaintext": "A multiphonic is an extended technique on a monophonic musical instrument (one that generally produces only one note at a time) in which several notes are produced at once. This includes wind, reed, and brass instruments, as well as the human voice. Multiphonic-like sounds on string instruments, both bowed and hammered, have also been called multiphonics, for lack of better terminology and scarcity of research.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 410014, 185515, 27406894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 38 ], [ 44, 54 ], [ 55, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Multiphonics on wind instruments are primarily a 20th-century technique, though the brass technique of singing while playing has been known since the 18th century and used by composers such as Carl Maria von Weber. Commonly, no more than four notes will be produced at once, though for some chords on some instruments it is possible to get several more.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 45190 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 193, 213 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On woodwind instruments—e.g., saxophone, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, flute, and recorder—multiphonics can be produced either with new fingerings, by using different embouchures, or voicing the throat with conventional fingerings. There have been numerous fingering guides published for the woodwind player to achieve harmonics. Multiphonics on reed instruments can also be produced in the manners described below for brass instruments.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Technique", "target_page_ids": [ 33882, 10365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 11 ], [ 162, 172 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "It is said to be impossible to recreate exactly the conditions between one player and the next, due to minute differences in instruments, reeds, embouchure, and other things. This, however, is not entirely true; the multiphonic will depend on the room temperature and other such things, but essentially multiphonics sound the same due to the harmonic structure of the multiphonic. A multiphonic fingering that works for one player may not work for that same player on a different instrument, or a different player on the same instrument, or even after switching reeds. This is often the result of slightly different construction of two instruments from different makers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Technique", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In brass instruments, the most common method of producing multiphonics is by simultaneously playing the instrument and singing into it. When the sung note has a different frequency than the played note (preferably within the harmonic series of the played note), several new notes that are the sums/differences of the frequencies of the sung note and the played note are produced; leading to the popular term trumpet/trombone/horn growl. This technique is also called \"horn chords\". The tone sung doesn't necessarily have to be in the played tone's harmonic series, but the effect is more audible if it is. The tone quality of brass multiphonics is influenced strongly by the voice of the player.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Technique", "target_page_ids": [ 14439, 296131, 30353, 29837, 11456, 18568365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 225, 240 ], [ 293, 328 ], [ 408, 415 ], [ 416, 424 ], [ 425, 429 ], [ 430, 435 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Another method is referred to as \"lip multiphonics\", in which a brass player alters the airflow to blow between partials, in the harmonic series of the slide position/valve. The outcome is just as stable as any multiphonic and perfectly structured. When the frequencies add together or subtract from each other (essentially merge), the fundamental is recreated. For example: A 440 and A 220. This would combine to make 660, creating a new fundamental of the second lowest B of the piano.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Technique", "target_page_ids": [ 14439 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 112, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A third method, known as 'split tones' or double buzz, produces multiphonics when players make their lips vibrate at different speeds against each other. The most common result is a perfect interval, but the range of intervals produced can vary broadly.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Technique", "target_page_ids": [ 1964356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "String instruments can also produce multiphonic tones when strings are bowed or hammered (as in piano multiphonics) between the harmonic nodes. This works best on larger instruments like double bass and cello. Another technique involves the rotational oscillation mode of the string, which might be twisted to adjust the rotational tension. Other multiphonic extended techniques used are prepared piano, prepared guitar and 3rd bridge.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Technique", "target_page_ids": [ 41232, 410014, 86050, 648085, 16970450 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 128, 136 ], [ 359, 378 ], [ 388, 402 ], [ 404, 419 ], [ 424, 434 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The technique of producing multiphonics with the voice is called overtone singing (typically with secondary resonant structure) or throat singing (typically with additional tones from throat trills).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Technique", "target_page_ids": [ 63981 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 65, 81 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There is another technique done in whistling, where whistlers hum in their throats while whistling with the front parts of their mouths. This is well known for achieving a spacey \"ring modulation\" sound (e.g. by Jim Carrey in The Truman Show). All three vibrations—whistle, voice and throat trill—can be combined also.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Technique", "target_page_ids": [ 86665, 232711 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 212, 222 ], [ 226, 241 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In general, when playing a wind instrument, the tone that comes out consists of the fundamentalthe pitch usually identified as the note being playedas well as pitches with frequencies that are integer multiples of the frequency of the fundamental. (Only pure sine wave tones lack these overtones.) Normally, only the fundamental pitch is perceived as being played.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "How multiphonics work", "target_page_ids": [ 14563, 324749 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 193, 200 ], [ 259, 268 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By controlling the air flow through the instrument and the shape of the column (by changing fingering or valve position), a player may produce two distinct tones not part of the same harmonic series.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "How multiphonics work", "target_page_ids": [ 14439 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 183, 198 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Multiphonics may be notated in score in a variety of ways. When exact pitches are specified, one method of notation is simply to indicate a chord, leaving the performer to figure out what techniques are necessary to achieve it. Common on woodwind music is to specify a particular fingering underneath the required note; as different fingerings produce different qualities of sound, a composer who is concerned about the precise effect created may wish to do this. (The same fingering can cause different result on instruments from different manufacturers, due to variations in construction.) Approximate pitches may be specified by wavy lines or in cluster notation to designate acceptable ranges of sound. There is, however, a wide range of notation used to designate multiphonics, with several individual composers preferring notations not in common use. Piano multiphonic notation can include, among other factors, the numbers of sounding partials or fingering distances on the string. Such notations have been developed in recent studies by C. J. Walter and J. Vesikkala.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Notation", "target_page_ids": [ 343054 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 649, 656 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first real use of multiphonics in literature are of the brass \"horn chord\" style. Carl Maria von Weber used this technique in horn compositions, leading up to his well-known Concertino for horn and orchestra of 1815.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 45190, 11456, 8734848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 86, 106 ], [ 130, 134 ], [ 178, 211 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Woodwind multiphonics and brass lip multiphonics did not make appearances in classical music until the 20th century, with pioneering compositions such as Luciano Berio's Sequenzas for solo wind instruments and Proporzioni for solo flute by Franco Evangelisti using them extensively.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 6668778, 42823962, 5477235 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 77, 92 ], [ 154, 167 ], [ 240, 258 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The technique is used in jazz as early as the 1920s by Adrian Rollini on his bass saxophone. Then it was largely forgotten until Illinois Jacquet used them in the 1940s. Multiphonics were also widely used by John Coltrane, and jazz flautist Jeremy Steig.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 15613, 1585783, 240340, 53536, 351206 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 29 ], [ 55, 69 ], [ 129, 145 ], [ 208, 221 ], [ 241, 253 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Some composers who use multiphonics:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Gloria Coates", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 1344679 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kazimierz Serocki", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 1647052 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "William O Smith", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 5053012 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Karlheinz Stockhausen", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 17268 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Some musicians who use multiphonics:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Ian Clarke – flute ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 16824336 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Michael Vetter – recorder", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 31912126 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "William O. Smith – clarinet", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 5053012 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Gloria Coates – vocal", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [ 1344679 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ryoko Ono – saxophone", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Use in literature", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Didgeridoo", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 8443 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Singing bowls", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 1695056 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Musical acoustics", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 1379269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Physics of music", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 1379269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Harmonic series (music)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 14439 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Gerald Farmer, Multiphonics and Other Contemporary Clarinet Techniques, Shall-u-mo Publications, Rochester, New York, 1982", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Murray Campbell: \"Multiphonics\". Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy. Accessed 24 Jan 05. (subscription access)", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 234507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Richard E. Berg and David G. Stork, The Physics of Sound. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1982. ", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Ian Mitchell, \"Smith, William O(verton) [Bill]\", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan, 2001.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 234507, 1640333, 18889800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 96 ], [ 124, 137 ], [ 142, 154 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kurt Stone, Music Notation in the Twentieth Century. W. W. Norton, New York, 1980", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Robert Dick, The Other Flute. Oxford University Press, 1975", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 4925880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Nora Post, Multiphonics for the Oboe", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Paul Keenan, Document accompanying Ph.D. Lip Multiphonics and Composition", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 41997401 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "John Gross. Multiphonics for the Saxophone: A Practical Guide; 178 Different Note Combinations Diagrammed and Explained, Advance Music, 1999. ", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 28866226 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Randall Hall, Multiphonic Etudes for Solo Saxophone. Reed Music, 2009", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Jean-Marie Londeix, Hello! Mr. Sax. Alphonse Leduc, 1989", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 2979256 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Woodwind Fingering Guide, containing multiphonic fingerings", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Nora Post, \"Multiphonics for the Oboe\"", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"What is multiphonics?\", with audio examples", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Virtual Flute", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Multiphonics for the bassoon, from the International Double Reed Society website", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Multiphonics For Tuba", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Musical_performance_techniques", "Extended_techniques" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Ras or RAS may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " RAS Records Real Authentic Sound, a reggae record label", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts and media", "target_page_ids": [ 6639821 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rundfunk Anstalt Südtirol, a south Tyrolese public broadcasting service", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts and media", "target_page_ids": [ 7447127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rás 1, an Icelandic radio station ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts and media", "target_page_ids": [ 10533943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rás 2, an Icelandic radio station", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts and media", "target_page_ids": [ 10533856 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raise A Suilen, a Japanese band", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts and media", "target_page_ids": [ 63587910 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Railway Air Services, a UK airline", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 4868582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rajasthan Administrative Service, India", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 8459696 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Remote Astronomical Society Observatory of New Mexico", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 22753752 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard Allen Schools, a charter school system in Ohio, USA", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 60517352 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richardson Adventist School, now North Dallas Adventist Academy", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 49376690 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " IEEE Robotics and Automation Society", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 22765540 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Royal Air Squadron, a flying club in the UK", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 52481844 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Royal American Shows, an American travelling carnival company operating from the 1920s to the 1990s", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 62459024 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 777291 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Royal Astronomical Society, UK, founded 1820", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 357512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Russian Academy of Sciences", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Organizations", "target_page_ids": [ 374556 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " RAAS, the renin–angiotensin system, a hormone system that regulates blood pressure", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Biology", "target_page_ids": [ 269931 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Recurrent aphthous stomatitis or canker sores", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Biology", "target_page_ids": [ 1601399 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Renal artery stenosis, the narrowing of the renal arteries", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Biology", "target_page_ids": [ 1263037 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Respiratory airway secretory cell", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Biology", "target_page_ids": [ 70481959 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Reticular activating system in the brain, regulating wakefulness", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Biology", "target_page_ids": [ 1507921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Retinoic acid syndrome, a complication of acute promyelocytic leukemia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Biology", "target_page_ids": [ 2944895 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ras superfamily, a superfamily of signalling proteins", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Biology", "target_page_ids": [ 14925389 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ras subfamily, a family of signalling proteins", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Biology", "target_page_ids": [ 371659 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " .ras, a SunOS raster format", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 42195377 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 5 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " RAS algorithm, an algorithm for iterative proportional fitting in economics", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 23416870 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " RAS supergroup or SAR supergroup, a plant clade", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 22293372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Recirculating aquaculture system", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 47623288 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Registered Accessibility Specialist", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 1978571 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Registration, Admission and Status, a telephony protocol under H.323", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 6312116 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Reliability, availability and serviceability of computer hardware", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 2480516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Remote access service, on a network", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 1072372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Reusable Asset Specification of software", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 2480562 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Row Address Strobe in dynamic random-access memory", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 74567 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Russian Accounting Standards", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 34149650 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ras (fascism), regional fascist leader in Italy", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 27235352 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ras (surname)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 57489113 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ras (title), an Ethiopian aristocratic and court title, as in Ras Tafari", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 3324420 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ras cheese", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 38400875 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " RAS syndrome, \"redundant acronym syndrome\" syndrome", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 629192 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rás Tailteann, an annual cycling race in Ireland", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 4013614 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stari Ras, a capital city of medieval Serbian state of Raška", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 2993566 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nicholas Furlong (musician) or Ras", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 38666182 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Replenishment at sea", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 2589484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rassius \"Ras\" Luine, a character from Tales of Eternia", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 1225093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ra's al Ghul, a fictional villain in Batman media", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "People with the given name", "target_page_ids": [ 481619 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ras Muhamad (born 1982), Indonesian reggae singer", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "People with the given name", "target_page_ids": [ 51484878 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ras, the nickname for someone with the given name of Rasmus (given name)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "People with the given name", "target_page_ids": [ 40093382 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ra (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 427940 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rass (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 11141841 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raz (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 4588242 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Salawat Yulayev (; ; 16 June 1756 – 8 October 1800) is a Bashkir national hero who participated in Pugachev's Rebellion, warrior, poet and singer.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 165508, 2763050 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 64 ], [ 99, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Salawat Yulayev was born in the village of Tekeyevo, in Shaytan-Kudeevsky volost of Ufa province of Orenburg Governorate (now Salavatsky District) of Bashkortostan. Tekeyevo no longer exists, as it was burned in 1775.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 1974403, 29640113, 24899480 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 74, 80 ], [ 100, 120 ], [ 126, 145 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Salawat Yulayev was at the head of the Bashkortostan uprising from the very beginning of the country war of 1773–1775. He was seized by the Russian imperial authorities on November, 24th, 1774, and his father, Yulay Aznalin, was captured even earlier. Put into irons, they were sent to Moscow. Yulay Aznalin was a votchinnik (holder of patrimonial estate), a rich, intelligent and influential man. He was held in general respect among Bashkirs and was a Bauermeister (district foreman). The local authorities gave credence to him; his fidelity to Russian government could not be doubted.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 165508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 435, 443 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1768 the Orenburg governor prince Putyatin himself appointed Yulay as the foreman of the Bashkir command. But soon the merchant Tverdyshev, granted collegiate assessory rank, deprived Yulay Aznalin of his land to build Simsky plant and villages. The Bashkir land was falling to ruin, and so Yulay Aznalin and his nineteen-year-old son Salawat stood up under Yemelyan Pugachev’s banners.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 483162, 17142273, 401531 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 20 ], [ 37, 45 ], [ 361, 378 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ten months after Salawat's capture, in September 1775, he and his father were publicly lashed in those places where the largest battles with the Russian governmental armies took place. In that month they were both dragged by their nostrils, and their foreheads and faces were branded. On 2 October 1775, their hands and legs chained, Salawat and Yulay were sent on two carts under \"protection\" to the Baltic fortress Rogervik (nowadays the city of Paldiski in Estonia) for life. The transport with convicts passed Menzelinsk, Kazan, Nizhni Novgorod, Moscow, reaching Tver on 14 November and then continuing on through Novgorod, Pskov, and Revel and arriving finally in Rogervik on 29 November.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 2391423, 2475538, 202295, 65430, 372316, 21488120, 302543, 31577 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 448, 456 ], [ 514, 524 ], [ 526, 531 ], [ 533, 548 ], [ 567, 571 ], [ 618, 626 ], [ 628, 633 ], [ 639, 644 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Baltic port Rogervik had been founded by Peter the Great. However, when participants of the Bashkir uprising arrived in Rogervik, the fortress was practically deserted. There was only a small garrison and small number of prisoners. Here Salawat and Yulay met their brothers-in-arms in struggle: Pugachev Colonel I.S. Aristov, Colonel Kanzafar Usaev, and others. Salawat Yulayev and his father lived the rest of their lives in Rogervik.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 44356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When Paul I ascended the throne, the commandant of the fortress Langel submitted an inquiry about moving the remaining participants of the Pugachev Uprising to Taganrog or to Irkutsk to a cloth factory. The resolution came from the Senate: The aforementioned convicts are subject to be moved… For their villainies they are banished by imperial command, and it is ordered to keep them in this port with possible caution that they could not run away.\" There was a special manifest on 17 March 1775 which was published by the late empress Catherine II. By her order all participants of the Pugachev revolt were to be imprisoned forever, and their names should \"be condemned to eternal oblivion and deep silence.\" Under this manifest local authorities pursued everyone who pronounced the names of the freedom fighter rebels against Russian overlordship.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 148206, 1288065, 56872, 44240 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 11 ], [ 160, 168 ], [ 175, 182 ], [ 536, 548 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Salavat was literate. He wrote in Old Tatar, which used to be a common written language for Turkic peoples in the Volga-Ural region. Documents signed by him have been preserved. Researchers believe that Salavat also spoke Russian. After all, he had to communicate with the rebels against Russian imperialism, with the Russian leaders of the uprising.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 1118619 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In his army were people of different nationalities. And despite the ban on mentioning Salavat, the peoples of the region passed word-of-mouth legends and songs about Salavat.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "By order of Catherine II it was forbidden even to mention the rebellion and its participants . Therefore, there is little documented information about them.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Family", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The father of Salavat-Yulai Aznalin (Adnalin, Aznalikhin) was the leader (starshina) of the Bashkir Shaitan-Kudey yurt (volost, district). For loyal service and courage, Yulay Aznalin was awarded a silver sign in 1772.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Family", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bashkirs became part of Russia in the 16th century. By agreement with the tsarist government, the Bashkirs retained their lands. But they had to perform military service: they guarded the eastern borders of the Russian Empire, participated in the wars waged by Russia.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Family", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sometimes the contract was violated, part of the land was taken away, and the Bashkirs demanded restoration of justice, even raised uprisings. Bashkir uprisings took place especially often in the 18th century, as there were more frequent cases of violation of Bashkir rights, the seizure of their land for the construction of factories and for transfer to the nobles.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Family", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Several years lasted Yulaya's lawsuit with the breeders Ya.B. Tverdyshev and I.S. Myasnikov, who illegally seized vast lands for the Simsky plant. The tsarist administration favored breeders. Yulai was fined 600 rubles (1 horse cost 10 rubles).", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Family", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Researchers believe that Yulai had 3 wives. The documents do not indicate the name of the mother of Salavat. Her name is Aznabika in folklore sources. They say that she was an educated woman and had a great influence on her son. After the teacher Nabi Kabiri, it was the mother who continued to educate her son.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Family", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Russian folklore speaks of the older brothers of Salavat named Suleiman and Rakai.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Family", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "From the poetic works of Salavat and folklore sources, it was possible to find out that the hero had 3 wives. The eldest wife was the widow of a deceased elder brother, she already had children from her first marriage. He married her according to the ancient custom of the Bashkirs (Levirate). The letter of Salavat, written by him in the cell of the Ufa Magistrate on 7 May 1775, refers to one wife and two children. They were in the hands of the commandant of the city S. Myasoedov and General Freyman. Salavat asks his supporters to help them go free.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Family", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Legends and traditions peculiarly perpetuate the memory of their ancestors. Epic narrations about the events and people of a long past are called by Bashkirs riweyet, hikeyet, tarikh. Most of the legends are local. But the legends about the historical hero, poet and warrior Salwvat Yulaev survived in different areas (over 200 are recorded).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Structurally, the legends about Salawat Yulayev are diverse. Small stories have a purely informative function (\"Mother of Salawat\", \"Death of Salawat's Family\", \"Dream of Salawat\", \"Salawat Bridge\").", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On the whole, among the legends, plot narratives (фабулаты) occupy a significant place. Depending on their vital content, they can be single-episode (for example, \"Salawat and Karasakal\", \"Order of Salavat\", \"Salavat in our village\"), or consist of several episodes (e.g., \"Salawat and Baltas\", \"The Legend of Salawat- batyr \"). There are texts where a song wedges in prose. In most cases, these are songs of Salawat himself. Thus the storytellers apparently wanted to emphasize the poetic giftedness of their hero.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Most of the legends are dedicated to the glorification of Salawat Yulayev, a description of his personal qualities. For example, the legend that Salawat killed a bear at the age of 12 (15 or 16) is still popular (bears still live in Bashkortostan). The people say that Salawat had ten qualities of a real hero (\"Salawat\", \"Power of Salawat\"). At a traditional folk festival (sabantuy), the very young Salawat wins martial arts, horse racing, running and others (\"How Salawat was recognized as a batyr on Square\").", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "According to legend, the extraordinary qualities of Salawat appeared during the years of the uprising of 1773–1775. The legends \"Salawat Headquarters\", \"Salawat Scout\", \"Salawat Yulayev on Mount Imyantau\" create the image of an intelligent, courageous military leader. The defeat of the rebel army is primarily due to the numerical superiority of the enemy.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The legends about the capture of Salawat and his exile to Estonia in the Baltic forever ( for hard labor) are filled with deep pain of the people (\"Why there are a lot of crystal in the mountains\"). In the mountains of Bashkortostan there is a lot of crystal because they cried alone, with families and a whole village.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "But there are legends expressing hope for the return of Salawat. Sometimes Salawat comes to special saints (aulia) and warns them of something. To see Salawat in a dream- fortunately (\"Salawat Form\").", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In different areas, toponymic legends have been preserved as the memory of the people (\"Salawat places\", \"Cave of Salawat\", \"Bridge of Salawat\", \"Camp of Salawat\", etc.)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Among the legends there are many stories about the Salawat family, about his relatives (\"Salawat's father\", \"Mother of Salawat\", \"Wives of Salawat\", \"The capture of Salawat\", \"Marriage of Salawat to a Russian girl\", etc.).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Folk stories about Salawat and his father Yulai brought to us the thoughts and views of people of the era of the uprising of 1773–1775 and subsequent times. Different peoples of the region have developed an understanding of the just nature of the demands of the rebels. The joint struggle contributed to strengthening the friendship of the peoples of the region. Even in distant Estonia (the place of the hero's hard labor), legends about Salawat are preserved.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "During a long oral existence, some traditions lost some concrete realities and were supplemented by fictional motives. For example, \"Salawat-batyr\" about the battle of Salawat with the \"king\" Kirmasakal («Kirma-sakal»-bearded).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Several works on Salawat related to the epic genre (Bashk. Ҡobayyr) have been published. \"Salawat-batyr\", \"Yulai and Salawat\" give an idea of the hero commander himself and the reasons for the uprising. The epic \"Baik Aidar-sesen\" tells about the previous uprisings of the Bashkirs, the atrocities of Murza A. Tevkelev against the Bashkirs. These stories had an important influence on the formation of the character of Salawat.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The defeat of the uprising, the executions of leaders served as material for the creation of ballads- beyetes ( \"Song of Salawat\", \"Unforgettable Salawat\", \"Salawat Yulay\"). They reflect the people's love for their hero, longing for him, willingness to continue his struggle.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A large number of songs about Salawat have been preserved. The people and Salawat are inseparable- one of the main ideas of Bashkir songs. They are informatively rich, they mention battles, places of battles, the names of leaders of the uprising. These songs are grouped by Bashkir scholar Anur Vakhitov on three topics: “Salawat”, “Salawat-batyr”, “Salawat in penal servitude”.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "An old Russian song about Salawat was preserved in the Volga region (\"Oh, you, goy, good fellow, Young Bashkir Salavatushka!\").", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [ 15168792 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first collectors of Bashkir folklore about Salavat were Russian explorers of the region F.D.Nefedov, R.G. Ignatiev, D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, M.V. Lossievsky (in the 19th century).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legends, traditions, songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "About 500 lines from the poetic heritage of Salavat Yulaev have been preserved to our days, either in writing or orally.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Salavat as a poet is also mentioned in traditions. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In the village of Alka, Salavat district, a modern researcher Miras Idelbaev wrote down a text about the poet's written oeuvre: « My father says that Salawat always composed songs, bayits and, wrote them to paper and ... left them to people. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He left them everywhere he went... He left them us as he drove past our Lake Yaltarakkul ....» (М.Идельбаев. Мужи, седлайте аргамаков... )", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In the XVIII century, the oral literature of the Bashkirs existed in parallel with the written. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Accordingly, Salavat's poems were created in two ways: he improvised (like Sesen), or he wrote on paper.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "4 January 1774 The Military Collegium adopted a special decision on the destruction of documents of the rebels.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "During the fighting, the archives of the field offices of the most prominent military leaders of the Peasant War, including Salavat, were lost. However, several manuscripts of the hero poet and sufficiently rich information about him still survived in the archives..", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The historian Abubakir Usmanov wrote: “For official characteristics, we do not see the living Salavat, lyric poet, warrior poet. The image of the living Salavat was preserved in the memory of the people, the Sesens carefully preserved the songs and poems of the poet” (А. Усманов. Поэт-воин. – Красная Башкирия. – 1948. -15 августа).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "For the first time, Salawat was called a poet by a researcher of the region R. G. Ignatiev, who studied archival documents. In studies of the 50-70s ( XX century) only seven verses of Salawat Yulaev published by R. Ignatiev were mentioned.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "«In the second half of the 19th century, manuscripts of verses by Salavat were stored in the (state) archive or in the archive of any particular person, and they passed through at least 4 people (Ignatiev, Nefedov and their translators). This means that these poems were stored in accessible places for scientists»,- written by A. Usmanov in 1968 (А.Усманов. Некоторые сведения о биографии Салавата Юлаева. – Совет Башкортостаны. -1968. – 22 мая).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Salavat's fiery speeches, his poems did not leave people indifferent, inspired them to fight.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "“According to the Bashkirs of Verkhneuralskiy, the songs of Salavat himself,” wrote the local historian R. Ignatiev, “always ignited the courage of his soldiers ... Salavat's songs, like improvisation, remained unknown” (Manuscript of the collection of R. Ignatiev «Сказания, сказки и песни, сохранившиеся в рукописях татарской письменности и в устных пересказах у инородцев-магометан Оренбургского края», опубликованного в «Записках Оренбургского отдела ИРГО». – ГАОО. -Ф.163.-Оп.1. -Д. 22.-Л. 29).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The poet P. M. Kudryashov in his letter to P. P. Svinyin (publisher of the journal \"Domestic Notes\") writes about the three verses of Salawat that he found and translated into Russian.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Separate pages of the manuscript of the researcher F. D. Nefedov “Salavat, Bashkir Batyr” are stored in the state archive (ЦГАЛИ Ф. 342. – оп. 2. – д. 73). ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "This essay was published in 1880 in the journal Russian Wealth. In it, the author cited the contents of the five poems of Salawat. Four of them coincide with the publications of R. Ignatiev. The translation was made in prose very carefully, while maintaining the meaning of each word.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Researchers compared the literal translations of the verses and songs of Salawat discovered by Russian researchers in the 19th century with the lyrics and songs of Salawat preserved among the Bashkirs. The coincidence of the texts turned out to be complete, folk memory preserved the poetry of Salavat.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The archive of the Ufa branch of the RAS contains several works of the hero poet, recorded by M. Burangulov (Ф. 3.- оп. 12.- д. 445.- лл. 194–205 – на башк. яз.).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Among them are “Salawat's Song dedicated to the beloved girl Zuelaeykha”, “Salawat's Song dedicated to the Urals”, “Salawat's Song after being wounded”. They were provided by M. Burangulov in the 1920s by Gabit-sesen.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Salawat's Poems Published in the 19th Century:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Filipp Nefyodov (Ф. Д. Нефёдов) in the essay \"Salavat, Bashkir Batyr\" (1880), 5 verses in Russian.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [ 48166726 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ruf Ignatyev (Р. Г. Игнатьев) in the work \"The movement of the Bashkirs before the Pugachev riot; Bashkir Salavat Yulaev, Pugachev foreman, singer and improviser\" (1893) 7 verses.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In the Russian Empire poems by Salavat Yulaev were printed four times.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Salawat's poems and songs", "target_page_ids": [ 20611504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The last documented mention of Salawat Yulayev is dated 1800. Till this time he stayed in bondage for twenty five years: \"To Estland provincial board from Major Ditmar being at the Baltic invalid command. Being under my responsibility, convicted slaves 12 men which are in a safe state. Against the previous submitted register decreased: This month of 26-th date, convicted slave Salawat Yulayev died about which I have the honor of reporting.\" Salawat died in penal servitude on 26 September 1800 (8 October Gregorian Calendar).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Died", "target_page_ids": [ 670051, 23306251 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 125, 132 ], [ 510, 528 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "These words, attributed to Salawat Yulayev, are perceived today as a confession of the strong batyr, who, exhausted by torture and interrogations, did not resign himself to his destiny. Regretfully, only a small number of documents remain about his life and fate, and the poetic works of Salawat, who personified heroism and poetic talent of the Bashkir people.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Many things in modern-day Bashkortostan are named after Yulayev, including a town, a cave, a hockey team, and the republic's State Prize.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 3890943, 55348644, 4422162, 2906369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 77, 81 ], [ 85, 89 ], [ 93, 104 ], [ 125, 136 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1940 a biographical film titled Salavat Yulayev was made in the Soviet Union by director Yakov Protazanov. In 1954 composer Zagir Ismagilov and poet Bayezit Bikbay created the opera Salawat Yulayev.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 23883267, 26779, 2518545, 40476235, 42019724, 40359200 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 50 ], [ 67, 79 ], [ 92, 108 ], [ 127, 142 ], [ 152, 166 ], [ 185, 200 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " the order of Salawat Yulayev of the Republic of Bashkortostan was established on 1 June 1998 (Постановление Государственного Собрания РБ от 1 июня 1998 года № ГС-400 «Об утверждении статута ордена Салавата Юлаева»)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " In 1954, the composers Husain Akhmetov and Nariman Sabitov ballet \"Mountain Eagle\". Its premiere took place in 1959 at the Bashkir State Opera and Ballet Theater, in which Rudolf Nureyev danced in 1953–1955.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 335179 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 173, 187 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " In 1919–1920, the political department of the Bashkir separate cavalry division published the newspaper « Salawat» .", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) were named «Salawat Yulayev» : fighter anti-tank artillery regiment, armored train and other units.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The image of Salawat Yulayev is immortalized in Bashkir and Russian folk art, in the works of Russian, Bashkir, Tatar, Kazakh, Chuvash, Udmurt and Mari writers.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Salawat Yulayev's days are celebrated annually in the Republic of Bashkortostan and neighboring regions.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The republican folk festival \"Salawat yeyeny\" is held annually.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The two-deck motor ship is named \"Salawat Yulayev\".", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The museum of Salawat Yulayev in the village of Maloyaz (Salavat district of Bashkortostan) stores a copy of the saber of Salawat Yulayev. ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "This saber without a scabbard, length 96cm, width 3cm, concave. ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Yellow copper pen with the image of a lion's head and jewelry made of small stones. On the blade is a slightly extinct inscription in Arabic, which scientists could not decipher.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " In the National museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan, visitors can see the saber of the Bashkir national hero Salawat Yulayev ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " In many cities and towns there are streets of Salavat Yulaev.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1967, the largest equestrian monument in Europe was erected to Salawat Yulayev in the city of Ufa.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The biography of Salawat Yulayev was studied by historians, local historians, writers and journalists:", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Inga Gvozdikova, Victor Sidorov, Radik Vakhitov, Miras Idelbaev, Khairulla Kulmukhametov, Ihsan Zalyaletdinov, Tarhan Zagidullin, Wilmir Safin, Abuzar Saifullin, Stepan Zlobin. Salavat Yulaev is mentioned in the “History of Pugachev” by A. S. Pushkin.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Inga Gvozdikova is a historian who collected and studied documents from the Peasant War of 1773–1775 (from the late 1950s). She wrote the first scientific, strictly documented biography of the Bashkir national hero Salawat Yulayev.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Why is the image of Salavat so carefully preserved in the memory of the people? From ancient times, the Bashkirs valued most of all the love of their motherland (the symbol is readiness to serve their people), freedom (its symbol is a special love for the horse) and poetry. A warrior, poet and singer Salavat Yulaev embodied all these qualities .", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Bashkir rebellions", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 63897775 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " › history › kto-takoy-salavat-yulaev", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Poems By Salavat Yulaev", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The Website Of Salavat Yulaev", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1756_births", "1800_deaths", "18th-century_poets_of_the_Russian_Empire", "18th-century_rebels", "18th-century_singers_of_the_Russian_Empire", "People_from_Salavatsky_District", "People_from_Ufimsky_Uyezd", "Bashkir_people", "Warriors_of_the_Russian_Empire", "History_of_Ural", "Poets_of_the_Russian_Empire", "Male_singers_of_the_Russian_Empire", "Pugachev's_Rebellion" ]

[ "Salavat Yulaev", "Salawat Yulaev", "Salavat Yulayev", "Salauat Yulayev", "Salauat Yulaev" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Travel on a cruise ship is often called a cruise. The terms Cruise or Cruises may also refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 314855 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Booze cruise", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Tourism", "target_page_ids": [ 3283057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Music cruise", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Tourism", "target_page_ids": [ 49233396 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " River cruise", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Tourism", "target_page_ids": [ 7596594 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise (aeronautics), a distinct stage of an aircraft's flight", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Aeronautics and aircraft", "target_page_ids": [ 354415 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Aviasouz Cruise, a Russian ultralight trike design", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Aeronautics and aircraft", "target_page_ids": [ 39448900 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise (automotive), a gathering of modified cars", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Automotive", "target_page_ids": [ 2473207 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cruise (autonomous vehicle), now GM Cruise LLC, a subsidiary of General Motors developing autonomous cars", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Automotive", "target_page_ids": [ 55182490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cruise control", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Automotive", "target_page_ids": [ 267555 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise collection, an inter-season line of clothing", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Fashion", "target_page_ids": [ 18212580 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Cruise (1970 film), the English title of the Polish film Rejs", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Films", "target_page_ids": [ 73663 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Cruise (1998 film), an American documentary", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Films", "target_page_ids": [ 1439496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise (film), a 2018 romantic comedy film", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Films", "target_page_ids": [ 53468825 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise, Kentucky, a community in the United States", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Geography", "target_page_ids": [ 39241135 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruises Creek, a stream in Kentucky", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Geography", "target_page_ids": [ 40126345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise (band), a rock band from the former Soviet Union", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Music", "target_page_ids": [ 10927968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise (Akina Nakamori album), 1989", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Music", "target_page_ids": [ 61631506 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise (Whitehouse album), 2001", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Music", "target_page_ids": [ 46210579 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Cruise\", a song by David Gilmour from About Face (1984)", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Music", "target_page_ids": [ 1012375 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Cruise\" (song), a 2012 song by Florida Georgia Line", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Music", "target_page_ids": [ 36262643 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise 1323, a radio station in Adelaide, Australia", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Radio and television", "target_page_ids": [ 2204784 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Cruise (1998 TV series), a 1998 British fly-on-the-wall documentary series set on the Galaxy cruise ship that aired on BBC One", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Radio and television", "target_page_ids": [ 48292961 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Cruise (2016 TV series), a British reality television series set on the Regal Princess cruise ship that has aired on ITV since 2016", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Radio and television", "target_page_ids": [ 50286062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"The Cruise\" (Brooklyn Nine-Nine), a television episode", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Radio and television", "target_page_ids": [ 57401193 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise (name), a surname of English origin (includes a list of people named Cruise)", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 23960510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruise missile", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 6590 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruiser (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 3269860 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruising (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 1667369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruse (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 15834122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruz (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 28449651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruze (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 19592140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cruzer", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 400414 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kruse (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 17125194 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Love Boat", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 424122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Helsinki commuter rail (, ) is a commuter rail system serving Greater Helsinki and the surrounding county of Uusimaa. The system is a joint venture between the regional transport authority HSL and national railway operator VR.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6286, 871024, 734354, 27996623, 26520301, 4629336, 231732 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 46 ], [ 62, 78 ], [ 99, 116 ], [ 160, 188 ], [ 189, 192 ], [ 197, 222 ], [ 223, 225 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The system operates on four railway lines and comprises 13 services, all of which terminate at Helsinki Central Station. Within the HSL region, tickets and timetables are fully integrated with other modes of public transport. Four services extend into the operational area of VR commuter rail – tickets issued by VR are needed for journeys further north from Zone D. Both parties discontinued onboard ticket sales in 2017.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2577965, 69214022 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 95, 119 ], [ 276, 292 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Commuter rail is a backbone of public transport in Helsinki and is by far the lengthiest rapid transit system in Finland. Carrying a total of around 70 million passengers (2018) a year and operating about 670 departures on each weekday (2019).", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 3898410, 18361733, 10577 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 59 ], [ 89, 109 ], [ 113, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The history of local trains in and around Helsinki began on 1 June 1886 with four daily back-and-forth services on the Main Line – two terminated at Malmi station (then a market town in the parish of Helsinge), one at Kerava station and one at Järvenpää station. These services only ran from June to September for their first ten years.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 70329794, 9889356, 42194, 9707163, 10640073 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 119, 128 ], [ 149, 162 ], [ 190, 208 ], [ 218, 232 ], [ 244, 261 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Coastal Line, completed in 1903, was designed and routed with local travel in mind which has since caused issues for operating long-distance trains. Local services on the line were initiated in 1904, with two daily back-and-forth services towards Kirkkonummi station and one towards Karis station. The construction of housing near stations began quickly and by 1910, the number of daily services had increased to ten.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 11363628, 9727229, 9896821 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 16 ], [ 251, 270 ], [ 287, 300 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During the steam locomotive era, local services were operated with wooden carriages with wide doors for embarkment, attached to locomotives such as the Class Pr1. Passenger numbers increased vastly after Finland gained independence in 1917, with 4 million trips made in 1920 and 9 million in 1924. The Great Depression decreased commuter numbers drastically – at its lowest, only 3 million trips were made per year in the 1930s. At the end of the decade, the tally was recorded at around 4 million.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 196788, 34086553, 1913964, 19283335 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 27 ], [ 152, 161 ], [ 204, 239 ], [ 298, 318 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As Finland was forced to lease the Porkkala Naval Base and its surrounding areas to the Soviet Union in 1944, westbound local trains from Helsinki had to terminate at Kauklahti station until the lease period came to an end in 1956.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 49098160, 26779, 10239050 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 54 ], [ 88, 100 ], [ 167, 184 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the Second World War, train tracks in Finland were generally in a very bad shape. Massive war reparations for the Soviet Union meant that the Finnish state was left with little to no resources for even regular maintenance of the country's railway lines. Thus, the Main Line and the beginning section of the Coastal Line had to keep accommodating long-distance and freight trains alongside a growing need for new local services and new diesel trains such as the Class Dm7.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 32927, 31614297, 31700958 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 26 ], [ 88, 132 ], [ 467, 476 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The age of the modern Finnish commuter train began in 1969 as the first stretch of the Coastal Line up to Kirkkonummi station was electrified. With electrification came a significant drop in journey times – while the Class Dm7 railbus took an hour to reach Kirkkonummi after stopping at all stations, the electric Class Sm1 did the same in 45 minutes.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 31700958, 13994042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 217, 226 ], [ 314, 323 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 1970s marked many firsts for urban rail transport in southern Finland. Early in the decade, the term commuter train () was first adopted into official use. Letters of the alphabet were introduced as service identifiers in 1972, as inspired by the Copenhagen S-train network. The initial letters A, H, K, L, N, P, R, S and T were chosen deliberately to function as mnemonic devices and to minimize the risk of ambiguity between each other. Somewhat confusingly, certain letters were also taken to use as identifiers for travel zones in the commuter train system.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 931037, 40411 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 251, 269 ], [ 368, 384 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Work began on the first purpose-built commuter rail lines in the country. The Martinlaakso Line, opened four years later, was the first rail branch in Finland meant exclusively for commuter trains and has been a backbone for urbanization of the city of Vantaa. The Kerava Urban Line was initially an additional third track for commuter services running on the newly electrified Main Line, first being built up to Hiekkaharju station in 1972 and reaching Kerava station in 1981.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 56114, 42194, 10035095, 9707163 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 225, 237 ], [ 245, 259 ], [ 413, 432 ], [ 454, 468 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With the 1990s, the first common transport ticket system came to use in Greater Helsinki. YTV – the capital region commission for transport and environment, a partial precursor of HSL – took over ticket sales and inspections in the four capital region municipalities, former VR zones A and B.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1991, the Martinlaakso Line became the Vantaankoski Line after being extended one station further to Vantaankoski station. The Coastal Line was electrified up to Karis station in 1993 and another track of the Kerava Urban Line reached Tikkurila station in 1996.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 10217429, 9896821, 5310792 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 104, 124 ], [ 165, 178 ], [ 238, 255 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A new urban section running parallel to the Coastal Line, the Leppävaara Urban Line, was instated in 2001 with two new tracks for commuter services only.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Lahti Line, opened in 2006, splits from the Main Line after Kerava station. The hourly commuter service running on it is known as the train.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 56751206 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Ring Rail Line opened in 2015, connecting the Vantaankoski Line to the Main Line via Helsinki Airport and four other newly opened stations. Unlike other Helsinki commuter rail lines, part of the Ring Rail Line runs in a tunnel with the Airport station and Aviapolis station being located underground. It is possible to construct a branch to Klaukkala in the future.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1468528, 141541, 46704264, 46703763, 4683275 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ], [ 89, 105 ], [ 240, 255 ], [ 260, 277 ], [ 345, 354 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the late 2010s, operations of the commuter trains were opened for competition for the first time ever. HSL prequalified seven companies for tendering in 2018 and two years later, chose to award the contract to VR until 2031, citing higher than expected cost savings in VR's proposal.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Leppävaara Urban Line – two tracks reserved exclusively for commuter trains, running parallel to the Coastal Line – is about to be extended by 14km to Espoo station, thus becoming the Espoo City Railway. Work on the extension began in late 2021 and is expected to be completed in 2028. The project is overseen by the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency and will allow for higher frequencies for westbound services such as the and trains in the near future.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Future extensions", "target_page_ids": [ 9712892, 12638504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 155, 168 ], [ 321, 360 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Projects such as the City Rail Loop, the Vantaankoski Line branch to Klaukkala and the Kerava Urban Line branch to Nikkilä have been put on hold indefinitely.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Future extensions", "target_page_ids": [ 35623212, 4683275, 66554786 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 35 ], [ 69, 78 ], [ 115, 122 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All services begin and terminate at Helsinki Central, thus, only the final destination of each service is mentioned next to the service identifier. All services also call at Pasila station in both directions.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 2578407 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 174, 188 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stopping train to Leppävaara", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9649515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The A train is the most frequent westbound service on the system, also being the shortest service on the entire Helsinki commuter rail. It has been operated in its current form since 2002, as made possible by the construction of the Leppävaara Urban Line which runs parallel to the Coastal Line. The A calls at all stations on its route.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "For a short period of time in the 1970s, the letter A was designated to a stopping train to Kirkkonummi station.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Limited-stop train to Kauklahti", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 18578, 10239050 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 20, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The E train has been in operation since 1974, originally as a stopping train terminating at Espoo station. In 2007, the service was extended one stop further to Kauklahti station.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9712892 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 92, 105 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stopping train to Kirkkonummi", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9727229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The L train is one of only three services which have remained unchanged since the alphabetical services were introduced in 1972. It operates exclusively in the fringe hours and is the only Coastal Line service to run hourly through the night on weekends.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Limited-stop train to Kirkkonummi", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9727229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The U train was instated in 1988 as a rush hour express service, becoming an all-day service in 2002 after the Leppävaara Urban Line was completed and capacity grew. In 2016, remaining services of the S train were merged into the U which then became a trunk service with 30 minute intervals.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Limited-stop train to Siuntio", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 10034943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The X train first came to existence as one daily back-and-forth service to Kirkkonummi, in operation between 2016 and 2018. The X was reinstated in 2020 as the identifier for limited-stop trains to Siuntio station, formerly operated as exceptional services of the U train.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Before being instated on the Coastal Line in 2016, the letter X had been used unofficially by railway staff to designate a letter-lacking service to Riihimäki station on the Main Line.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9707579 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 149, 166 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Express train to Siuntio", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 10034943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Y train is the fastest westbound service on the system, calling only at seven stations out of the 18 on its route. The terminus of the Y has changed quite often in the 2000s, currently terminating at Siuntio station since 2016 after Karis station was excluded entirely from the commuter rail network.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Anti-clockwise stopping train to Helsinki Airport and back to Helsinki Central", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 46704264, 2577965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 50 ], [ 60, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Clockwise stopping train to Helsinki Airport and back to Helsinki Central", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 46704264, 2577965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 45 ], [ 55, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The I & P trains are commuter services running in opposite directions and calling at all stations. These services were instated in their current forms in 2015, after the completion of the Ring Rail Line, and have run on 10 to 20 minute intervals throughout the day ever since. The I and the P also cover the initial stretch of the Main Line and the entire Vantaankoski Line.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Express train to Hämeenlinna", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9713011 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The D train is a single return service operated on weekdays. It departs towards Helsinki in the morning and returns to Hämeenlinna station in the afternoon, calling at only eight stations on its route. The service was introduced in 2016, terminating at Hämeenlinna.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9713011 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 253, 264 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For a while in 2016 and 2017, the D was the only northbound commuter service to skip Tikkurila station.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 5310792 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 102 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stopping train to Kerava", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9707163 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The K train has terminated at Kerava station ever since its introduction in 1972 but has gradually shifted from an express service to a stopping train, now calling at all stations. Historically, the K had a counterpart stopping at all stations known as the N train. Before finally being merged to the K in 2019, the N was limited to fringe hours and weekend nights.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Limited-stop train to Riihimäki / on certain departures to Tampere C", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9707579, 8381893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 32 ], [ 57, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The R train is the Main Line's main commuter service. It has two termini – Riihimäki station every half an hour and Tampere Central every two hours. Before Kerava station, the R only calls at major interchanges Pasila and Tikkurila, calling at every station thereafter.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Often heavily crowded during peak hours, especially in the HSL region, most R departures are operated with up to four Class Sm4 units.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Stopping train to Riihimäki", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9707579 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The T train is an hourly night time service, calling at all stations on the way to Riihimäki. It is the only regular train service in Finland to operate throughout the night on weekdays.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Limited-stop train to Lahti / on certain departures to Kouvola", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9836315, 9855988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 28 ], [ 53, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Z train is an hourly service on the Lahti Line, inaugurated in 2006 after the new line was completed. Previously, the most straightforward way to Lahti went via Riihimäki station. Certain fringe hour departures are operated all the way to Kouvola station whilst calling at all stations in between. The extended Z route from Helsinki to Kouvola is the longest haul on the entire VR commuter rail network.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [ 9855988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 243, 258 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Z was the first Finnish commuter service to regularly require rolling stock capable of running at a speed of 160km/h.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Note that commuter services G, M and O are not part of the Helsinki commuter rail network.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Schematic map of servicesCommuter train stations and region map", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Some discontinued letters have since been redesignated to new services on different lines and routes. For the purposes of distinction and clarity, symbols of former Helsinki commuter rail services are colored grey on Wikipedia, regardless of their actual color on former maps.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Express train to Saunakallio", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 46704097 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The former G train ran from Helsinki to Saunakallio. The line had six services a day in both directions and it was the only train with letter designation on the Helsinki–Riihimäki route that did not stop at Tikkurila. The service was started on 4 June 2007. It was abolished in 2011 in order to improve management of traffic and timetable keeping on the Main Line especially during winter conditions. The letter G was reintroduced in 2017 on the previously unlettered line between Riihimäki and Lahti.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 46704097 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Limited-stop train to Riihimäki", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 9707579 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The H train ran from Helsinki to Riihimäki and operated with an interval of one hour. After stopping in Pasila, Tikkurila and Kerava, the line proceeded to stop at all stations. The letter H is an original designation from 1972. Several stops (listed above in parentheses) were procedurally closed in 1990–98 due to low passenger numbers and the H trains disturbing other traffic by being too slow. In March 2016, the Purola and Nuppulinna stations were closed and the H trains were replaced with the R train that now has two additional stops and double the frequency.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Stopping train to Vantaankoski", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 10217429 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The former M train ran from Helsinki to Vantaankoski. The train operated with 10–30 minutes intervals, stopping at all stations. The service ran continuously between 1975, when the track to Martinlaakso was completed, and 2015, when the Vantaankoski Line was continued by the Ring Rail Line. In 1991, the line was continued one stop further to Vantaankoski. The letter M stood for Martinlaakso, though the M train was substituted in 2015 with the P train, to avoid confusion with the Helsinki Metro. The letter M is now (since 2019) used for Tampere commuter rail service entirely operating in the Tampere region in Pirkanmaa.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 10217429, 1468528, 416103, 69214022, 32646174, 536932 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 52 ], [ 276, 290 ], [ 484, 498 ], [ 542, 563 ], [ 598, 612 ], [ 616, 625 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stopping train to Kerava", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 9707163 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The N train ran from Helsinki to Kerava, stopping at all stations. On its final years in operation, the train operated only on early morning and on evening during weekdays, with 30 minute intervals. On weekends the train operated more frequently with 10 minute intervals on Saturday and 15 minute intervals on Sunday. The N train was abolished in August 2019 and was replaced by K train, which started to stop at all stations.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Stopping train to Hiekkaharju", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 10035095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The former P train ran from Helsinki to Hiekkaharju, stopping at all stations. The service was started in 1972 and stopped in August 2004. The letter P was reintroduced in 2015 as a clockwise Ring Rail train.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 10035095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Limited-stop train to Kirkkonummi", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 9727229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The S train ran from Helsinki to Kirkkonummi. The train was operated with one hour intervals in both directions. Of the two daytime trains running between Helsinki and Kirkkonummi, the S trains were faster. From 28 May 1972 to 25 May 1974, the S trains were running between Helsinki and Kauniainen. The route was continued to Kirkkonummi on 27 September 1987. The S train was abolished in March 2016 when two small stops located between Kauklahti and Masala and served only by the U-line were closed and the U line now runs twice an hour.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Express train to Kirkkonummi", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [ 9727229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The former X train ran from Helsinki to Kirkkonummi and was the fastest commuter train service on Helsinki-Kirkkonummi line along with the Y train. The X train had only one service in both directions on weekdays. The X train was introduced in March 2016 and abolished in June 2018.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Former services", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Since 2017, all services within the HSL region have been operated with a fleet of 81 Stadler FLIRT trainsets manufactured between 2008 and 2017, designated as Class Sm5. The previously used Class Sm2 and Class Sm4 trainsets have since served on VR-operated longer-distance commuter routes. VR is looking to sell the remaining Class Sm2 sets and replace them with a brand new class, tentatively called Class Sm7.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Rolling stock", "target_page_ids": [ 17945845, 25236286, 14149705, 25235906, 231732 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 98 ], [ 159, 168 ], [ 190, 199 ], [ 204, 213 ], [ 245, 247 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In a unique structure of ownership and management, the Class Sm5 trains are owned by neither HSL as the authority or VR as the operator. Instead, to make the purchase of new modern trainsets possible, a holding company called was established by the four cities forming Greater Helsinki. Under direct ownership of said cities, JKOY is a fully independent rolling stock corporation capable of leasing trainsets to any train operator when necessary.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Rolling stock", "target_page_ids": [ 146080 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 201, 218 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Formerly, commuter rail has been operated with locomotive-hauled wooden-bodied cars as their last commercial use before being retired in the late 1980s. After that, Class Eil cars replaced them, remaining in use themselves until the late 2010s.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Rolling stock", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Helsinki Metro", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 416103 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jokeri light rail", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 60679257 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " VR commuter rail", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 69214022 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] } ]

[ "Regional_rail", "Transport_in_Helsinki", "1969_establishments_in_Finland", "Passenger_rail_transport_in_Finland" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The Best of The Band, Vol. II is the second volume of greatest hits by The Band, released in October 1999 on Rhino Records. It collects eleven tracks from the group's final three studio albums (Jericho, High on the Hog & Jubilation). One track, \"Young Blood\", had been available in the United States only on a tribute album to Doc Pomus, though it appeared on the British and Japanese pressings of 1996's High on the Hog. The last track, \"She Knows,\" is a live track sung by Manuel.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 30965, 386895, 528282, 165832, 1442965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 79 ], [ 109, 122 ], [ 179, 192 ], [ 327, 336 ], [ 405, 420 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Stand Up\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Remedy\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Back to Memphis\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Blind Willie McTell\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 843020 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Atlantic City\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 1484776 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Forever Young\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 20561461 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Young Blood\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 4102533 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Stuff You Gotta Watch\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"White Cadillac (Ode to Ronnie Hawkins)\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 481782 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"The High Price of Love\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"She Knows\" (Live)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1999_greatest_hits_albums", "Albums_produced_by_John_Simon_(record_producer)", "The_Band_compilation_albums", "Rhino_Records_compilation_albums" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Swedenborg's Flying Machine was first sketched by the Swedish scientist Emanuel Swedenborg in 1714, when he was 26 years old. It was later published in his periodical, Daedalus Hyperboreus, in 1716. While Leonardo da Vinci’s designs predate those of Swedenborg, da Vinci’s manuscripts remained unknown due to a variety of circumstances until the late 19th century. So, in terms of influence, Swedenborg predated da Vinci.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 224173, 18079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 90 ], [ 206, 223 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Swedenborg's flying machine was not widely known until his notebook containing the sketch was discovered in 1867-1868 at the Diocesan Library at Linköping, Sweden by a visiting researcher from the United States of America. It dates from 1714 and is referred to as \"The Manuscript\": the published description is referred to as \"The Published Account\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 3434750 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 198, 222 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When Swedenborg returned to Sweden in 1714, he met with inventor Christopher Polhem and together with him published the periodical Daedalus Hyperboreus. When Swedenborg mentioned publishing the Flying Machine, Polhem was skeptical as to whether it was possible to ever build a machine that could fly. He compared it to building a perpetuum mobile. But Swedenborg replied with a quote by French author Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "The published account", "target_page_ids": [ 304671, 54077, 165158 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 65, 83 ], [ 330, 346 ], [ 401, 432 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The art of flying is hardly yet born. It will be perfected and some day people will fly up to the moon. Do we pretend to have discovered everything, or to have brought our knowledge to a point where nothing can be added to it? Oh, for mercy's sake, let us agree that there is still something left for the ages to come!", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "The published account", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Swedenborg published it anonymously with the title Machine to Fly in the Air. It did not contain an image.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "The published account", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Swedenborg knew that the machine would not fly, but suggested it as a start and was confident that the problem would be solved. He said, \"It seems easier to talk of such a machine than to put it into actuality, for it requires greater force and less weight than exists in a human body. The science of mechanics might perhaps suggest a means, namely, a strong spiral spring. If these advantages and requisites are observed, perhaps in time to come some one might know how better to utilize our sketch and cause some addition to be made so as to accomplish that which we can only suggest. Yet there are sufficient proofs and examples from nature that such flights can take place without danger, although when the first trials are made you may have to pay for the experience, and not mind an arm or leg.\" This greater force would not become possible until the motor was invented.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "The published account", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The image shows the flying machine from above looking down. It consists of one large wing. In the middle of it is a hole with a basket, where the pilot stands. There are two \"paddles\" on the wings. These are used by the pilot like oars in a boat, except in this case they only move up and down. Underneath the ship is the landing gear; it consists of four long poles, which, except for the ends of two, can not be seen since they are below the ship. In between them is a weight, which is used to keep the ship balanced.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Technical description", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The wing is a light frame covered with strong canvas. The large wing would work as a glider, and by working the paddles up and down the pilot would keep the plane in the air, Swedenborg initially hoped.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Technical description", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Swedenborg's machine was evaluated by the Royal Aeronautical Society in 1910. Its editor wrote that the machine constituted \"…the first rational proposal for a flying machine of the aeroplance [heavier-than-air] type…\" Later working heavier-than-air flying machines were built (e.g.Wright Brothers) so Swedenborg's machine did not play any part in the further development of aviation.”", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 58410 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 283, 298 ] ] } ]

[ "History_of_aviation", "1714_works", "Works_by_Emanuel_Swedenborg", "18th-century_aviation" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Punto may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In music:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Punto (Venezuela), a style of Venezuelan music", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 5719819 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Punto guajiro, a style of music of the Cuban countryside and its guajiros", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 21410007 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Punto music, a style of Panamanian music", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 53781263, 357891 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 25, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In automobiles:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Fiat Punto, supermini produced since 1993", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 750490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fiat Grande Punto, third generation supermini produced from 2005", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 3713099 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In people:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Giovanni Punto (1746-1803), eighteenth century horn virtuoso", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 7711669 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nick Punto (born 1977), American baseball player for the Boston Red Sox", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2209035 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Punto, Spanish customary units", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Unit", "target_page_ids": [ 5991000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 30 ] ] } ]

[ "Italian-language_surnames", "Spanish-language_surnames" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Lawrence and Cassandra (née Burnell) Southwick were early immigrants to colonial America and devout Quakers who, along with their children, were severely persecuted for their religious beliefs.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 4812151 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 100, 107 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lawrence and Cassandra were married 25 January 1623/4 at Kingswinford, Staffordshire, England. Along with their four surviving children, John, Josiah, Mary, and Daniel, the Southwicks emigrated to Salem, Massachusetts, sometime between mid-1637 and early-1639 when they were admitted to the First Church in Salem. Lawrence was one of the first glassmakers in America, and practiced his craft in the part of Salem now known as Peabody, which was the first glass manufacturing district in America. Lawrence left the industry in 1642, and turned his attention to animal husbandry at which he was very successful.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biographies", "target_page_ids": [ 965388, 58733, 9316, 116759, 43824582, 116757, 219640 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 69 ], [ 71, 84 ], [ 86, 93 ], [ 197, 217 ], [ 291, 312 ], [ 426, 433 ], [ 560, 576 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1657 the Southwicks were put in jail for hosting two visiting Quaker preachers, John Copeland and Christopher Holder. Lawrence Southwick was found to be a member of the First Church of Salem and was released to be dealt with by the leaders of that church. Cassandra remained in jail for seven weeks and was fined forty shillings for possessing a paper written by their two visitors. The paper was considered heretical by Governor John Endicott and others.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biographies", "target_page_ids": [ 5557633, 526324 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 119 ], [ 433, 446 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1658 the Southwicks and their son Josiah were put in jail for twenty weeks for being Quakers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biographies", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1659, the two youngest of the Southwick's children, a daughter named Provided Southwick and a son named Daniel Southwick, were sentenced to be sold as slaves in Barbados for unpaid fines - fines related to their being Quakers. The sentence was not carried out, however. Lawrence and Cassandra went to Shelter Island, New York together.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biographies", "target_page_ids": [ 3455, 260093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 164, 172 ], [ 304, 328 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1660 Lawrence then his wife Cassandra died within three days of each other on Shelter Island due to privation, starvation, and exposure.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biographies", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A plaque in Southwick Hall at University of Massachusetts Lowell commemorates \"Royal Southwick, Lowell's anti-slavery Quaker senator and manufacturer and a descendant of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick who were despoiled, imprisoned, starved, whipped, banished from Massachusetts Colony and persecuted to death in the year 1660 for being Quakers.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 251920, 4812151, 197490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 64 ], [ 118, 124 ], [ 267, 287 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The American Genealogist, 71:193, 1996.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [ 55021197 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savage, James, Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England, vol. IV, p.91.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"The Ballad of Cassandra Southwick \" (1843), by John Greenleaf Whittier", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 48381625, 406192 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 36 ], [ 48, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick:", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Cassandra Southwick\", the poem by John Greenleaf Whittier based on the experience of Provided and Daniel. (Whittier appears to have considered the name Cassandra to be more poetic than Provided.):", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1600s_births", "1660_deaths", "American_Quakers", "Kingdom_of_England_emigrants_to_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony", "Converts_to_Quakerism", "English_Quakers", "People_from_Kingswinford", "17th-century_Quakers" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The Dodge Matador is a full-sized automobile that was produced for the 1960 model year by Dodge. The Matadors were base model equivalents to the top trimmed Dodge Polara that also used the wheelbase platform of the Chrysler Windsor and Chrysler Newport models.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 42969, 2093075, 3404457, 851704, 1453796, 3621904 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 90, 95 ], [ 149, 153 ], [ 157, 169 ], [ 200, 208 ], [ 216, 232 ], [ 237, 253 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Matador, was one of two new models produced by Dodge in 1960 when the marque dropped its long-running Coronet, Custom, Custom Royal, and Lancer models. Sharing the same newly engineered unibody platform as the slightly smaller Dodge Dart, the Matador was designated Dodge's full-size base trim vehicle, with the Dodge Polara becoming the make's full-sized premium model. The Matador line was positioned as a lower priced option to the Polara line to serve as the base-level, full-size car to above the newly introduced and successful wheelbase Dart series. However, full-sized cars in the U.S. market were at their lowest sales level since the end of World War II, and 1959 was not the best time to launch a new nameplate into the full-size segment for the 1960 model year.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [ 997518, 3404457 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 106, 113 ], [ 316, 328 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 1960 Matador and Polara were built on longer wheelbase along with the 1960 DeSoto and Chrysler models. All Matadors featured a standard \"Super Red Ram\" V8 engine. The \"D-500 with Ram Induction\" with dual four-barrel carburetors was optional, along with a three-speed TorqueFlite automatic transmission. Similarly to other contemporary Chrysler automobiles, the automatic transmission was controlled by mechanical pushbuttons on the left side of the instrument panel.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [ 13147596, 1511578 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 159, 168 ], [ 275, 286 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Matador (and the similar, better-trimmed Polara) featured styling cues that were carried over from 1959 models, themselves an evolution of Virgil Exner's \"Forward Look\" cars introduced in 1957. Exner was responsible for some of the most memorable cars during the tailfin era. The 1960 Dodge version has been described as a \"rocket age design.\" Now built on a new unibody chassis, the 1960 Matador continued the Dodge styling hallmarks of stacked \"jet pod\" taillights; however, the size of the lights was greatly exaggerated, with the lower light set into the rear bumper. The design also incorporated Dodge’s shortened tailfins that included small vertical taillight lenses placed on the vertical surface at the back of the fin; again. The purpose of the shortened fin was meant to exaggerate the length of the “jet pods” holding the taillights. The front end featured a small grille comprising six stacks of aluminum rectangles nested in a massive (and complex) front bumper assembly. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [ 698225, 698225 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 143, 155 ], [ 159, 171 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The interior featured cloth and vinyl bench seats with premium trim and an \"X-within-an-X four-spoke steering wheel.\" The dashboard was \"space-age-styled\" featuring a bridged-over sweep-style speedometer on top flanked by gauge pods and a \"revolving turret clock\" centered on the instrument panel. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "All 1960 Dodge station wagons used the wheelbase providing of cargo space with the back seats folded flat. The Matador trim was available in six- or nine-passenger (with a rear-facing third row bench seat) versions both featuring a roll-down rear window into the tailgate.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Matador had less exterior chrome trim and plainer interiors than found on the Polara. The majority of cars built by Dodge and sold during the 1960 model year were in Dodge's new \"smaller\" and less expensive full-sized model, the Dodge Dart, which fielded three sub-series (Seneca, Pioneer, and Phoenix) of its own.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [ 748684 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 233, 243 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A total of 27,908 Dodge Matadors were produced for 1960. Low sales volume of the Matador, the continuing popularity of the Dart models, and the launch of the compact Lancer meant the Matador nameplate was dropped for the 1961 model year leaving only the Polara as the full-size Dodge.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Chrysler purchased American Motors Corporation (AMC) in 1987. The Matador nameplate was used by AMC from 1971 until 1978 for its mid- and full-sized AMC Matador cars. ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 2013509 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 149, 160 ] ] } ]

[ "Dodge_vehicles", "Full-size_vehicles", "Rear-wheel-drive_vehicles", "Coupés", "Sedans", "Station_wagons", "Cars_introduced_in_1960" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) is one of eleven unified combatant commands of the United States Department of Defense. The command is located at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, and was established in 1987.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2092857, 7279897, 392395, 14849 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 96 ], [ 105, 140 ], [ 168, 188 ], [ 190, 198 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The USTRANSCOM commander is Air Force General Jacqueline Van Ovost.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2965165, 60255398 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 45 ], [ 46, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "USTRANSCOM coordinates missions worldwide using both military and commercial transportation resources. It is composed of three service component commands: The Air Force's Air Mobility Command, the Navy's Military Sealift Command and the Army's Surface Deployment and Distribution Command. The Joint Enabling Capabilities Command, which was part of the former U.S. Joint Forces Command, is now part of the U.S. Transportation Command.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [ 39208, 32090, 391921, 20518076, 528551, 32087, 15191449, 32563976, 1705701 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 76 ], [ 159, 170 ], [ 171, 191 ], [ 197, 203 ], [ 204, 228 ], [ 237, 243 ], [ 244, 287 ], [ 294, 329 ], [ 360, 385 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Air Force: Air Mobility Command (AMC) is also located at Scott AFB. The AMC fleet provides refueling and cargo and personnel transport capability. Aircraft of the command include: C-17 Globemaster III, C-5 Galaxy, C-130 Hercules, KC-135 Stratotanker, and KC-10 Extender. Additional long-range airlift aircraft are available if a U.S. national emergency is declared through the Civil Reserve Air Fleet, a fleet of commercial aircraft committed to support the transportation of U.S. military forces and material in times of crisis.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [ 391921, 392395, 6731, 160434, 7697, 17441, 458882, 2559156 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 31 ], [ 57, 66 ], [ 180, 196 ], [ 202, 212 ], [ 214, 228 ], [ 230, 249 ], [ 255, 269 ], [ 377, 400 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Navy: Military Sealift Command (MSC) USTRANSCOM's sealift component, provides sea transportation worldwide for DoD in peace and war. Headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia. MSC uses a mixture of government-owned and commercial ships for three primary functions: Surge sealift, principally used to move unit equipment from the United States to theaters of operations all over the world; prepositioned sealift, which comes under USTRANSCOM's command once the ships have been released into the common-user fleet; and sustainment sealift, the lifeline that keeps deployed forces continuously supplied. MSC assets include Fast Sealift and Ready Reserve Force ships. In addition, MSC charters and books space on commercial ships.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [ 528551, 2962152, 528577, 528577 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 30 ], [ 50, 57 ], [ 594, 597 ], [ 630, 649 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Army: Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC), located at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, is the commercial surface lift component and primary surface distribution manager for USTRANSCOM. SDDC provides global surface deployment command and control and distribution operations. SDDC has a presence in 24 water ports worldwide. In an average year, SDDC manages and directs the movement of 3.7million measurement tons (4.2million m³) of ocean cargo, 500,000 personal-property moves, 600,000 domestic freight shipments, 72,000 privately owned vehicles and 518,000 passengers. SDDC assets include 10,000 containers and 1,350 railroad cars. Within the United States, the SDDC works with the Federal Highway Administration to designate the Strategic Highway Network.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [ 15191449, 392395, 14849, 44795908, 178300, 220118, 1339400, 2259060 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 58 ], [ 78, 98 ], [ 100, 108 ], [ 418, 433 ], [ 619, 629 ], [ 640, 652 ], [ 705, 735 ], [ 753, 778 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Joint Operational Support Airlift Center (JOSAC) specializes in the airlift of senior defense officials within the continental United States. JOSAC is located at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [ 17882348 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Joint Enabling Capabilities Command (JECC) supervises quickly deployable planning, communications, and public affairs elements. JECC is located at Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia and is divided into three subordinate joint commands that provide capabilities across seven unique functional areas. It aims to bring tailored, mission-specific forces to a joint force commander within hours of notification. The JECC subordinate joint commands are: ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [ 32563976, 896196 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 35 ], [ 147, 168 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Joint Planning Support Element (JPSE) – Provides specialists whose task is to accelerate the formation and effectiveness of newly formed joint force headquarters. JPSE is co-located with the JECC headquarters at Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE) – Provides rapidly deployable, en-route, early entry and scalable command, control, communications, computer, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) capabilities across the full spectrum of operations in order to facilitate rapid establishment of joint force headquarters and bridge joint C4ISR requirements. JCSE is located at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [ 66833536, 840789 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 37 ], [ 388, 410 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Joint Public Affairs Support Element (JPASE). JPASE is located in Suffolk, Virginia.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Components", "target_page_ids": [ 708257 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 68, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "World War II, the Berlin blockade, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War all demonstrated that the United States needed to maintain a capable and ready transportation system for national security. In 1978, however, command post exercise Exercise Nifty Nugget exposed great gaps in understanding between military and civilian participants: mobilization and deployment plans fell apart, and as a result, the United States and its NATO allies \"lost the war\". Two major recommendations came out of Nifty Nugget. First, the Transportation Operating Agencies (later called the Transportation Component Commands) should have a direct reporting chain to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). Second, the JCS should establish a single manager for deployment and execution. As a result, the JCS formed the Joint Deployment Agency (JDA) at MacDill Air Force Base in Florida in 1979.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 32927, 24008586, 16772, 32611, 1225714, 21133, 195322, 840789 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 18, 33 ], [ 39, 49 ], [ 59, 70 ], [ 213, 234 ], [ 426, 430 ], [ 648, 669 ], [ 822, 844 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Despite its many successes, the JDA could not handle the job. Although the JDA had responsibility for integrating deployment procedures, it did not have authority to direct the Transportation Operating Agencies or Unified and Specified Commanders in Chief to take corrective actions, keep databases current, or adhere to milestones. According to several independent studies on transportation, the Department of Defense (DOD) needed to consolidate transportation. Consequently, President Ronald Reagan on 18 April 1987 ordered the Secretary of Defense to establish a Unified Transportation Command (UTC), a directive made possible in part by the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, which revoked the law prohibiting consolidation of military transportation functions.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 25433, 43998, 644624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 487, 500 ], [ 530, 550 ], [ 645, 711 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The UTC Implementation Plan (IP) outlined the new unified command's responsibilities, functions, and organization. Christened United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM), its mission was to \"provide global air, sea and land transportation to meet national security needs\". It had three transportation component commands—the Air Force's Military Airlift Command (replaced by Air Mobility Command in 1992), the Navy's Military Sealift Command, and the Army's Military Traffic Management Command, (renamed Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command in 2004). The JDA's missions and functions transferred to USTRANSCOM on 18 April 1987, when the agency became the command's Directorate of Deployment. Additionally, the IP located the command at Scott AFB, to take advantage of Military Airlift Command's expertise in command and control. On 22 June 1987, the President nominated Air Force Gen. Duane H. Cassidy as the first Commander, USTRANSCOM, and on 1 July the Senate confirmed the recommendation, thus activating the command at Scott. The commander of USTRANSCOM received operational direction from the National Command Authority (NCA) through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 30241046, 255151, 364458 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 906, 922 ], [ 1120, 1146 ], [ 1165, 1202 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "USTRANSCOM appeared, at first glance, to be the long sought-after remedy for DOD's fragmented and often criticized transportation system. Its establishment gave the United States, for the first time, a four-star, unified combatant commander to serve as single-point-of-contact for Defense Transportation System (DTS) customers and to act as advocate for the DTS in DOD and before Congress. But it soon became apparent that, in reality, the nation's newest unified command was created half-baked. The IP allowed the Services to retain their single-manager charters for their respective transportation modes. Even more restrictive, the document limited USTRANSCOM's authorities primarily to wartime.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "As a result, during peacetime, USTRANSCOM's component commands continued to operate day-to-day much as they did in the past. They controlled their industrial funds and maintained responsibility for service-unique missions, service-oriented procurement and maintenance scheduling, and DOD charters during peacetime single-manager transportation operations. They also continued to have operational control of forces. It took a wartime test by fire, the Invasion of Kuwait and the subsequent Gulf War, to bring to maturity a fully operational, peacetime and wartime, USTRANSCOM.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 2035563, 182000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 451, 469 ], [ 489, 497 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The strategic deployment for Desert Shield/Desert Storm ranks among the largest in history. USTRANSCOM, in concert with its components, moved to the United States Central Command area of responsibility nearly 504,000 passengers, 3.7million measurement tons (4.2million m³) of dry cargo, and of petroleum products in approximately seven months. This equated roughly to the deployment and sustainment of two Army corps, two Marine Corps expeditionary forces, and 28 Air Force tactical fighter squadrons.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 338482, 30318, 396550 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 149, 178 ], [ 240, 256 ], [ 276, 285 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The DOD learned much from the deployment to the Persian Gulf, and foremost among those lessons was that USTRANSCOM and its component commands needed to operate in peacetime as they would in wartime. Consequently, on 14 February 1992, the Secretary of Defense gave USTRANSCOM a new charter. Stating the command's mission to be \"to provide air, land and sea transportation for the Department of Defense, both in time of peace and time of war,\" the charter greatly expanded the authorities of the USTRANSCOM commander. Under it, the Service Secretaries assigned the components to the USTRANSCOM commander in peace and war. In addition, the military departments assigned to him, under his combatant command, all transportation assets except those that were service-unique or theater-assigned. The charter also made the USTRANSCOM commander DOD's single-manager for transportation, other than service-unique and theater-assigned assets.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 24761 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1995, USTRANSCOM supported 76 humanitarian missions and 94 Joint Chiefs of Staff exercises, visiting approximately 80 percent of the 192 countries.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 195322 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Since Desert Shield/Desert Storm, the Command has continued to provide transport support in contingencies—such as Desert Thunder (enforcement of UN resolutions in Iraq) and Operation Allied Force (NATO operations against Serbia)--and peacekeeping endeavors—for example, Operation Restore Hope (Somalia), Support Hope (Rwanda), Uphold Democracy (Haiti), Operation Joint Endeavor (Bosnia-Herzegovina), and Joint Guardian (Kosovo). It has also supported numerous humanitarian relief operations transporting relief supplies to victims of natural disasters at home and abroad. After the 11 September 2001 attacks, it became a vital partner in the United States' Global War on Terrorism supporting U.S. forces in Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. From October 2001 to the present, USTRANSCOM, its components, and its national partners have transported over 2.2million passengers and nearly of cargo in support of the war on terrorism.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 2984467, 7515928, 322473, 3176864, 27358, 17418328, 25645, 532767, 13373, 374695, 3463, 533197, 17391, 5058690, 13425800, 22738, 737, 201936 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 114, 128 ], [ 163, 167 ], [ 173, 195 ], [ 270, 292 ], [ 294, 301 ], [ 304, 316 ], [ 318, 324 ], [ 327, 343 ], [ 345, 350 ], [ 353, 377 ], [ 379, 397 ], [ 404, 418 ], [ 420, 426 ], [ 582, 607 ], [ 657, 680 ], [ 707, 733 ], [ 735, 746 ], [ 756, 777 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 16 September 2003 Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld designated the Commander, USTRANSCOM as the Distribution Process Owner (DPO) to serve \"as the single entity to direct and supervise execution of the Strategic Distribution system\" in order to \"improve the overall efficiency and interoperability of distribution related activities—deployment, sustainment and redeployment support during peace and war.\" With the most capable and ready air, land, and sea strategic mobility forces in the world, and with the authorities as the DPO, USTRANSCOM will continue to support the United States and its allies, in peace and war.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 8629 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cyber threats remain a major concern for USTRANSCOM. Nearly 90 percent of USTRANSCOM missions are executed over unclassified and commercial networks because of its extensive use of commercial capabilities. USTRANSCOM's Joint Cyber Center (JCC) uses a process known as the Cyber Staff Estimate to assess risk, adjust defensive posture, and adopt operational or technical mitigations in performance of key missions. USTRANSCOM integrates cyber security language into a majority of its commercial contracts and co-chairs the National Defense Transportation Association Cybersecurity Committee.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Airlift and Aerial Refueling", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Airlift forces move critical cargo and people to the point of need, while air refueling capabilities enable projection of forces across great distances to any location at any time. The Air Force's primary airlift workhorse, the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, remains the backbone of the United States' strategic airlift capability. To continue the C-17's airworthiness, and meet Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 2020 mandates, the Air Force has planned a series of modifications for the early 2020s and is pursuing a mitigation plan to restore 16 of their C-17 aircraft from Backup Aircraft Inventory to Primary Mission Aircraft Inventory.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [ 3892712, 237949, 6731, 11186 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 7 ], [ 74, 87 ], [ 228, 255 ], [ 377, 408 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy fleet is currently undergoing a Reliability Enhancement and Reengining Program modification through April 2018, which will extend service life past 2040.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [ 160434 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Additionally, USTRANSCOM is building partnership capacity with other nations possessing air refueling competencies. Greater interoperability among nations will strengthen coalition partnerships and provide additional capability to the combatant commands.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Surface", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Civil sector transportation infrastructure enables the movement of military forces. The Defense Personal Property Program (DP3), administered by SDDC, enables the movement and storage of service member, DoD employee, and U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) employee personal property and privately owned vehicles. DP3, in collaboration with Transportation Service Providers (TSP), manages over 550,000 personal property shipments for DoD and USCG customers at an annual cost of $2 billion.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [ 32223 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 221, 237 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Defense Personal Property System (DPS) and its associated Program Management Office provide a centralized, web-based, single-point interface system for worldwide shipment of personal property. The DPS is a self-service system, offering real-time access for government, industry and customer users to input and retrieve data supporting the entire movement process – from pick-up to delivery of household goods.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sealift", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sealift moves roughly 90 percent of all DoD cargo and maintaining the readiness of the entire strategic sealift portfolio, both commercial and organic, is a top priority for USTRANSCOM.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [ 2962152 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Per the National Sealift Policy, USTRANSCOM relies upon the U.S.-flag commercial shipping industry, to the extent it is available, to provide sealift in peace, crisis and war, and the government-owned organic fleets to provide unique national defense capabilities not resident or available in sufficient numbers in commercial industry. USTRANSCOM's relationships with its U.S.-flag commercial sealift partners are formalized through agreements such as the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA), the Maritime Security Program (MSP) and the Voluntary Tanker Agreement (VTA).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "USTRANSCOM has expressed concerns that the U.S.-flag commercial international trading sector is declining. In the past year, fourteen U.S.-flag internationally trading vessels within the VISA program were either reflagged to a foreign country or scrapped without replacement due, in large part, to the reduction in demand. This loss of U.S.-flag vessels represents a net decrease of over 327,000 square feet of roll-on/roll-off force projection capacity and over 600 U.S. merchant mariner jobs. The reduction of U.S.-flag vessels is forcing USTRANSCOM's commercial sealift partners to make adjustments to the services they provide by either removing liner capacity or expanding alliances with other carriers to take advantage of larger vessels.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [ 1457484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 411, 427 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Government-owned organic fleets are also facing challenges. Due to the age of vessels in the United States Maritime Administration's (MARAD) Ready Reserve Force, this fleet will begin to lose capacity in the mid to late-2020s, with significant losses in the 2030s.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Current activities", "target_page_ids": [ 960020, 910134 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 93, 130 ], [ 141, 160 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Military logistics", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2726726 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "U.S. Merchant Marine Academy", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 481841 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "This article includes text from the public domain USTRANSCOM Official Homepage.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Sources", "target_page_ids": [ 18935551 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 49 ] ] } ]

[ "Unified_combatant_commands_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Defense", "Military_logistics_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States", "Military_units_and_formations_in_Illinois" ]

[ "USTRANSCOM", "US Transportation Command" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Jenna is a female given name. In the English-speaking world it is a variation of Jenny, which is itself a diminutive of Jane, Janet, Jennifer and is often used as a name in its own right.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 247991, 622156, 14094423, 505892, 17426894, 32806186, 14086969 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 28 ], [ 37, 59 ], [ 81, 86 ], [ 106, 116 ], [ 120, 124 ], [ 126, 131 ], [ 133, 141 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Boyd (born 1993), film actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 2055104 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Bush (born 1981), daughter of President George W. Bush", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 19476826 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna-Anne Buys (born 1985), South African figure skater", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 4773947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Coleman (born 1986), English actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 4829861 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Dewan (born 1980), film actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 4722289 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Elfman (born 1971), film actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 675980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Fife (born 1995), Scottish footballer", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 49977452 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Fischer (born 1974), American film and TV actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 2303476 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Haze (born 1982), porn actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 1236320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Jameson (born 1974), former porn actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 74573 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Johnson (born 1967), competitive swimmer", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 10017667 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Johnson (born 1994), professional dancer", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 51708805 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Lee (born 1980), anchor on Fox Business News", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 13741946 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Leigh Green (born 1974), actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 4337837 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Lester (born 1989), American dermatologist", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 65235333 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna McCorkell (born 1986), figure skater", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 8197257 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna McDougall (born 1992), Australian singer ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 33624944 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Morasca (born 1981), winner of Survivor: The Amazon and wrestler", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 468552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Marbles (born 1986), American entertainer", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 33101554 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Ortega (born 2002), American actress and model", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 50229776 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Presley (born 1987), pornographic actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 5257631 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Rose (born 1998), American singer", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 32821480 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Russell (born 1967), English actress", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 2328177 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Santoromito (born 1987), water polo player", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 18971293 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Ushkowitz (born 1986), Korean-American adoptee, actress, singer, dancer, producer and podcast host", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 23057456 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna von Oÿ (born 1977), actress and country singer", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 1025499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Welch (1919-2019), mother of Laura Bush and grandmother of Jenna Bush", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 17528 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna in the animated Balto film series", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 1487971 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna in the video game series Golden Sun", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 23090940 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna, the leading character of the Magyk novel series by Angie Sage", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 2979877 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Ashby, one of three main female characters, in 2011 novel Wither", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 31738907 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 65, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Avid in Baywatch Hawaii", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 7453304 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Hamilton, central character in Awkward, a teen television series", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 36353699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Maroney in television series 30 Rock", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 8391552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Marshall, character from Pretty Little Liars", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 28572147, 27998609 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 17, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Middleton in television series Degrassi: The Next Generation", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 8952317 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Morgan in the TV series Arthur", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 6366497, 102210 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 31, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Rink in the movie 13 going on 30 played by Jennifer Garner", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 607444, 607444 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 25, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Sommers in television series The Vampire Diaries", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 26999285 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Stannis in the British science fiction television series Blake's 7", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 41237777, 66114 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 64, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Wade in Dallas (1978 TV series)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 7792247, 99434 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 15, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna Whitehall, a character in the 2012 movie We'll Meet Again", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional characters", "target_page_ids": [ 14955031 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jenna, 1989 album by Gerald Wilson", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Music", "target_page_ids": [ 51470581 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Janna (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 41468269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jena (framework), open source software project ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 8905398 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jena (given name)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 35195974 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] } ]

[ "English_feminine_given_names" ]

[ "Jenna (first name)", "Jenna (given name)" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The 9/11 Public Discourse Project was a non-governmental organization with 501(c)(3) nonprofit status, started by the ten members of the 9/11 Commission after the commission disbanded on August 21, 2004. Intended as a public education campaign which focused on making America safer and more aware of existing and potential dangers, the project ceased operations on December 31, 2005.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 46539, 5971097, 72487, 353496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 69 ], [ 75, 84 ], [ 85, 94 ], [ 137, 152 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The project received a $25,000 grant from the Smith Richardson Foundation on December 31, 2004, to allow Commissioner Christopher A. Kojm to \"lead an effort to educate the American public on the findings of the 9/11 Commission. He will organize a series of nationwide briefings by the members of the commission at which they will discuss the implications of their findings for U.S. national security.\" Media Transparency reported, without further elaboration, that the Project was connected with the Foundation for Rational Economics and Education.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 29129261, 15569408 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 118, 137 ], [ 500, 547 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Philip Shenon reported in the New York Times on June 6, 2005 that the Commission \"repeatedly clashed with the Bush administration, which had originally opposed its creation, especially over the panel's access to important White House documents and to witnesses.\" Shenon pointed out that the Commission had concluded that the Bush administration had made \" 'minimal' or 'unsatisfactory' progress\" on eight of the fourteen recommendations the Commission had made \"for overhauling the government to deal with terrorist threats.\" Thomas Kean, who chaired the official 9/11 Commission, found particularly worrisome the failure to make any serious effort to secure nuclear material to address the potential for nuclear terror that intelligence analysts feared as inevitable, otherwise. According to Noam Chomsky, the purpose of the 9/11 Discourse Project was to \"pressure the government to implement its recommendations to prevent terrorist attacks.\"", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "9/11 Public Discourse Project", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "9/11 Commission Recommendations", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Proceedings_surrounding_the_September_11_attacks" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Noam Federman (born October 25, 1969 in Jerusalem) is a religious-Orthodox right-wing Israeli Jew in Hebron, and a former leader of the Kach Party, which he has been involved with since he was 14. He has been held in administrative detention several times. Federman hosts a weekly Internet program called \"Federman Without Censor\". It can be heard on the Hebrew section of the Jewish Task Force's website. JTF funds his political activities in Israel.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 16043, 22518, 56522, 13927537, 38577, 40417452, 1468087 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 49 ], [ 66, 74 ], [ 75, 85 ], [ 86, 97 ], [ 101, 107 ], [ 136, 140 ], [ 377, 394 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Noam Federman's father, David Federman (1909-1980), a Betar activist turned Lehi fighter, was arrested by the British during the British Mandate for Palestine and interned in Africa for his Jewish nationalist activism, where he shared a cell with Yitzhak Shamir, a future prime minister. Federman was raised on stories of that period, and considers his own beliefs similar to those of Avraham Stern. When he was asked if the similarity between the wartime group's activities and those of his own group was violence against Arabs, he replied, \"Hitting the enemy is not a bad thing.”", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 450438, 29287, 34784181, 16433318, 168208, 41132319 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 59 ], [ 76, 80 ], [ 129, 158 ], [ 163, 181 ], [ 247, 261 ], [ 385, 398 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Federman is a radical settler activist associated with the outlawed Kach party, of which he was one time spokesman. A few hours after news that the Kach leaderMeir Kahane's assassination reached Israel, two elderly Palestinians, Mohammed Ali (73) and Mariam Suleiman Hassan (71), were gunned down in an incident ascribed to Kach militants. Federman was quoted as saying that the slayings had been committed as revenge by Kahane supporters, and that more violence was in the pipeline.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 40417452, 20202 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 68, 78 ], [ 159, 170 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After his fellow Hebronite settler Baruch Goldstein machine-gunned 29 Palestinians at prayer in the Cave of the Patriarchs Massacre, Federman paid tribute hailing him as a holy hero, stating 'The act itself was one of greatness. It was a great act of sanctifying the Name (God).' He openly expressed his satisfaction at the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, and was investigated for incitement against Binjamin Netanyahu after the latter signed accords with the Palestinians, whom he advocates expelling from both the West Bank and Gaza Strip.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 67452, 1597300, 43983, 56472, 1134376, 1948771, 33209, 12047 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 51 ], [ 100, 131 ], [ 356, 369 ], [ 415, 433 ], [ 451, 457 ], [ 458, 465 ], [ 531, 540 ], [ 545, 555 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 1 September 1998, Federman was charged on suspicion of having kicked a Hebronite, Mamoun Ja'abri, in the stomach and then spitting on him, and also of assault of a United States Embassy worker.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On 24 May 2002, his brother, Eli Federman, while on duty as a security guard outside the Studio49 Tel Aviv nightclub, shot and killed a suicide car bomber just seconds before he could drive his vehicle into the crowded club, preventing many deaths. Anchorman David Witztum, reporting the incident, contrasted Eli's behavior to that of his radical brother. Eli described his actions thus:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "I fired one bullet at him. He fell out of the car and blew up. After the blast, I shot him twice in the head, and then moved closer and emptied the rest of the clip into his head.'", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In May 2002, after 2 men from the Bat Ayin settlement were discovered outside a girls' school in a Palestinian neighbourhood on the Mount of Olives with a bomb timed to explode in the morning when students would be arriving, police investigators took 6 people into custody, including Federman, whom the Shin Bet regarded as \"the brain behind this organization\". He was subsequently accused of having provided the explosives to be used to blow up the girls school, and put under house arrest for over half a year. All charges were later dropped, Federman was acquitted and he successfully sued the state for false arrest. He was in the news recently after his home and farm, which he had built without a building permit, near Kiryat Arba and Hebron was torn down in the middle of the night.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 1872591, 69715, 445584 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 42 ], [ 132, 147 ], [ 725, 736 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In November 2005, the Israeli Ministry of Justice expressed its intention to review Federman's application to be licensed as an attorney, claiming that a person with a past as rich with disturbing the peace as his may not be eligible for a license. Federman, addressing the ministry's comment to the press, replied that it was in pattern with the courts' and prosecutor's offices past restrictive behavior towards him that they would now seek to bar him from acquiring the title he worked for as a law student.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 26925289 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2008, Federman was indicted for assaulting a policeman, but was acquitted in 2010 after prosecutors failed to show up for the trial, due to a prosecutors' strike.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2011, he was arrested by police on suspicion, after he was found to have a kid in his possession, that he intended to sacrifice the animal for Passover on the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 19167553, 23059, 65719, 65719 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 78, 81 ], [ 146, 154 ], [ 162, 174 ], [ 175, 190 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Federman is married to Elisheva, the daughter of David Ramati. They have 9 children. On the occasion of his son Oved's winning a prize for a film about Irgun militant Yehiel Dresner, whom the British Mandatory authorities executed in 1947, Federman said that he is rearing his children on the ideals of the rightest underground movements of the past.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Revenge is an important value. The Talmud says that it is one of the greatest things. Revenge is great.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Notable quotes", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Noam Federman's Weekly Hebrew Program", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1969_births", "Israeli_activists", "Israeli_prisoners_and_detainees", "Israeli_Orthodox_Jews", "Israeli_settlers", "Israeli_Kahanists", "Living_people", "People_from_Jerusalem", "Prisoners_and_detainees_of_Israel", "Ono_Academic_College_alumni" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Startpage is a Dutch search engine company that highlights privacy as its distinguishing feature. The website advertises that it allows users to obtain Google Search results while protecting users' privacy by not storing personal information or search data and removing all trackers. Startpage.com also includes an Anonymous View browsing feature that allows users the option to open search results via proxy for increased anonymity. Because the company is based in the Netherlands, it is protected by Dutch and European Union privacy laws, and thus is not legally accessible to United States surveillance programs such as PRISM.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 4059023, 12431, 1228060, 78768, 9317, 39601333 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 34 ], [ 152, 165 ], [ 274, 282 ], [ 403, 408 ], [ 512, 526 ], [ 623, 628 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Startpage.com began as a sister company of Ixquick, a metasearch engine founded in 1998. The two websites were merged in 2016. In October 2019, Startpage received a significant investment from Privacy One Group, a subsidiary of System1.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 548297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ixquick was created in 1998 by David Bodnick in New York City. Initially, it provided metasearch for 14 different web and directory search engines as well as images, news, and MP3 engines. Results were sorted after evaluating how relevant each of the search tools found the query. Surfboard Holding BV, a company based in Zeist, Netherlands, and led by CEO Robert E. G. Beens, acquired Ixquick in 2000. Ixquick was re-launched on 23 March 2005 with new features including a redesigned metasearch algorithm.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 645042, 548297, 19673, 118688 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 61 ], [ 86, 96 ], [ 176, 179 ], [ 322, 327 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Startpage.com began as a web directory in 2002 and started mirroring Ixquick the following year. On 7 July 2009, the company re-launched Startpage.com to fetch results only from the Google search engine. Prior to the release of Tor Browser version 4.5 in April 2015, Startpage.com was its default search engine.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 142799, 43594582, 12431, 20556944 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 38 ], [ 59, 68 ], [ 182, 202 ], [ 228, 239 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 29 March 2016, Ixquick.com was merged into the Startpage.com search engine. As of 2017, Startpage fields an estimated 2 billion searches. The company was one of 200 European companies that opposed the F.C.C. implementation of policies ending net neutrality.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1398166 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 245, 259 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In October 2019, Privacy One Group, owned by adtech company System1, acquired a majority stake in Startpage but, according to the company, its \"founders may unilaterally reject any potential technical change that could negatively affect user privacy\". By maintaining its headquarters and operations in the Netherlands, Startpage continues to be protected by Dutch and European Union (EU) privacy laws.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 9317 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 368, 382 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In May 2020, Vivaldi announced that its browser had added Startpage as an optional or default search engine.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 45231032 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 27 June 2006, following criticism of Google Shopping, the website began to delete private details of its users. Ixquick stated that it does not share the personal information of users with other search engines or with the provider of its sponsored results. According to The New York Times' Wirecutter, Startpage does not store user's personal information or search data. A May 2020 review of the website on ZDNet also states that Startpage \"does not track, log, or share data or searching history\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Privacy protection", "target_page_ids": [ 9874319, 30680, 55713450, 435858 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 55 ], [ 273, 291 ], [ 293, 303 ], [ 410, 415 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2011, Startpage received the European Privacy Seal, a European Union–sponsored initiative that indicates compliance with EU laws and regulations on data security and privacy through a series of design and technical audits. It was re-certified in 2013 and 2015. The company has also completely ended the recording of user IP addresses since January 2009. Because Startpage is based in the Netherlands, it is also \"not subject to US laws like the Patriot Act, and cannot be forced to comply with US dragnet surveillance programs, like PRISM.\" Startpage has also contributed €20,000 to NOYB, the non-profit organization founded by Max Schrems, which is committed to launching strategic court cases and media initiatives in support of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Privacy protection", "target_page_ids": [ 32191, 39601333, 56018407, 43092983, 38104075 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 448, 459 ], [ 536, 541 ], [ 586, 590 ], [ 631, 642 ], [ 743, 777 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The company also provides a stand-alone proxy service, Startpage.com Proxy, which is incorporated into the Startpage search engine. This feature, known as Anonymous View since 2018, allows users the option to open all search results (except advertisements) via the proxy.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Privacy protection", "target_page_ids": [ 78768 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "StartMail, founded in 2014 by Startpage CEO Beens, was developed to offer a privacy protecting email service. StartMail also allows the creation of disposable and permanent email aliases for each account. Phil Zimmermann, the inventor of the PGP encryption system who Startpage hired in 2018 to advise the company on privacy technology, has also helped develop StartMail's PGP-encrypted email service.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Privacy protection", "target_page_ids": [ 9738, 23486, 23080 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 95, 100 ], [ 205, 220 ], [ 242, 245 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Since Startpage.com does not collect user data, it does not serve targeted advertising based on user data history. The company generates revenue from its search engine by providing contextual advertising based on the keyword used to perform a search.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Privacy protection", "target_page_ids": [ 16777474, 2963328 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 86 ], [ 181, 203 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Startpage uses results from Google, for which it pays. As of July 2020, Startpage allows searches in 82 languages, including Bengali , Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Simplified and Traditional Chinese, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [ 1092923, 21378419, 8227, 19985174, 8569916, 19984080, 10597, 11884, 14708, 15606, 16756, 21704, 22975, 23915, 5751, 26825, 26689, 29992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 34 ], [ 125, 132 ], [ 135, 141 ], [ 143, 148 ], [ 150, 157 ], [ 159, 166 ], [ 168, 174 ], [ 176, 182 ], [ 184, 191 ], [ 193, 201 ], [ 203, 209 ], [ 211, 220 ], [ 222, 228 ], [ 230, 240 ], [ 242, 276 ], [ 278, 285 ], [ 287, 294 ], [ 299, 306 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The website has tabs for web searches as well as tabs for image and video searches. In November 2019, Startpage added a tab for news. According to the company, news searches are \"not curated or personalized\" and \"every user who looks up the same term at the same time gets the same news\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Internet_properties_established_in_1998", "Internet_search_engines" ]

[ "Startpage.com" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The was a class of six torpedo boat destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which were built in Britain in 1897-99. All were named after celestial phenomena.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 186987, 8779, 236104 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 46 ], [ 55, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the First Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese navy came to understand the combat effectiveness of small, fast torpedo-equipped warships over larger, slower ships equipped with slow-loading and often inaccurate naval artillery. The Ikazuchi-class vessels were the second group of destroyers to be procured by the Imperial Japanese Navy (the Thornycroft-built Murakumo and Shinonome were ordered a day earlier than the first two Yarrow-built destroyers), but the lead ship Ikazuchi was the first to be laid down and launched. Four ships were ordered under the 1896 fiscal year budget (Ikazuchi and Inazuma on 16 January 1897, and Akebono and Sazanami on 30 April 1897), and an additional two under the 1897 budget (Niji and Oboro on 1 July 1898). All were ordered from Yarrow & Company in Poplar, London, which was considered to be the world's premier builders of destroyers and smaller warships.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 69972, 31424, 1597900, 8779, 855210, 1467086, 94247 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 30 ], [ 109, 116 ], [ 209, 224 ], [ 278, 287 ], [ 460, 469 ], [ 766, 782 ], [ 786, 792 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The design of the Ikazuchi-class destroyers was based on the four-funnel \"Thirty Knotters\" of the Royal Navy (from 1913 grouped as the ).", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [ 238377, 26061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 72 ], [ 98, 108 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All Ikazuchi-class vessels had a flush deck design with a distinctive \"turtleback\" forecastle that was intended to clear water from the bow during high speed navigation, but was poorly designed for high waves or bad weather. The bridge and forward gun platform were barely raised above the bow, resulting in a wet conning position. More than half of the small hull was occupied by the boilers and the engine room. With fuel and weaponry, there was little space left for crew quarters.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [ 10964172, 478179, 1329245 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 43 ], [ 83, 93 ], [ 229, 235 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Ikazuchi-class ships were powered by triple expansion steam engines with coal-fired water-tube boilers. Armament consisted of one QF 12 pounder gun mounted on a \"bandstand\" on the forecastle, five QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss guns (two abreast the conning tower, two between the funnels and one on the quarterdeck) and two single tubes for torpedoes.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Design", "target_page_ids": [ 27692, 5987, 1164759, 2293690, 15380778, 789422, 478179, 15396163, 1715032, 1389213, 31424 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 71 ], [ 77, 87 ], [ 88, 105 ], [ 134, 136 ], [ 137, 147 ], [ 166, 175 ], [ 184, 194 ], [ 201, 223 ], [ 246, 259 ], [ 300, 311 ], [ 339, 346 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All six Ikazuchi-class destroyers arrived in Japan in time to be used during the Boxer Rebellion to patrol the China coast and to cover the landings of Japanese ground troops. Niji was lost in an accident off the Shantung Peninsula on 3 August 1900, but the remaining five vessels saw combat service during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Operational history", "target_page_ids": [ 60520, 5405, 926455, 44575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 81, 96 ], [ 111, 116 ], [ 213, 231 ], [ 311, 329 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the end of the Russo-Japanese War, Inazuma was lost in a collision with a merchant vessel off the coast of Hakodate, Hokkaidō on 16 December 1909. On 28 August 1912 the remaining four Ikazuchi-class vessels were re-classified as third-class destroyers, and were removed from front-line combat service.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Operational history", "target_page_ids": [ 204547, 58092 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 113, 121 ], [ 123, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Akebono and Oboro returned to combat service in World War I as part of the Japanese detachment in the Battle of Tsingtao, and in the operation to seize German colonial possessions in the South Pacific. However, their remaining time on the navy list proved to be limited. After the lead ship Ikazuchi suffered a boiler explosion at Ominato harbor due to metal fatigue in its engine on 9 October 1912, and was written off the following year, Sazanami was also retired from service. Oboro and Akebono were retained until 1 April 1921, when they were converted into auxiliary minesweepers for a brief period, but were scrapped in 1925.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Operational history", "target_page_ids": [ 4764461, 2500090, 447370, 22621, 47170, 855210, 3284662, 348898, 217118 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 59 ], [ 102, 120 ], [ 152, 179 ], [ 187, 200 ], [ 240, 249 ], [ 282, 291 ], [ 332, 339 ], [ 354, 367 ], [ 573, 585 ] ] } ]

[ "Destroyer_classes", "Ikazuchi-class_destroyers", "World_War_I_destroyers_of_Japan", "Russo-Japanese_War_naval_ships_of_Japan" ]

[ "Ikazuchi class destroyers" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Wharton Creek is a tributary of the Unadilla River in western Otsego County, in the state of New York. Via the Unadilla River, it is part of the Susquehanna River watershed, flowing to Chesapeake Bay.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1103248, 56170, 8210131, 231223, 59473 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 51 ], [ 63, 76 ], [ 94, 102 ], [ 146, 163 ], [ 186, 200 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Wharton Creek rises in the town of Richfield and flows southwest through the towns of Plainfield, Exeter, Burlington, Edmeston, and Pittsfield, where it empties into the Unadilla River at the village of New Berlin.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 127021, 127020, 127012, 127007, 127011, 127019, 1103248, 259697 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 44 ], [ 86, 96 ], [ 98, 104 ], [ 106, 116 ], [ 118, 126 ], [ 132, 142 ], [ 170, 184 ], [ 203, 213 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Fly Brook converges with Wharton Creek south of Burlington Flats. Dundee Brook converges with Wharton Creek north-northeast of Burlington Flats.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Tributaries", "target_page_ids": [ 1728293 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "List of rivers in New York", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 552895 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 26 ] ] } ]

[ "Rivers_of_New_York_(state)", "Rivers_of_Otsego_County,_New_York" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "AmerisourceBergen Corporation is an American drug wholesale company that was formed by the merger of Bergen Brunswig and AmeriSource in 2001. They provide drug distribution and consulting related to medical business operations and patient services. They also distribute a line of brand name and generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter (OTC) health care products and home health care supplies and equipment to health care providers throughout the United States, including acute care hospitals and health systems, independent and chain retail pharmacies, mail-order facilities, physicians, clinics and other alternate site facilities, as well as nursing and assisted living centers. They also provide pharmaceuticals and pharmacy services to long-term care, workers' compensation and specialty drug patients.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 63103, 180121, 192042, 3434750, 18994221, 60976, 297350, 23315, 925356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 59 ], [ 303, 318 ], [ 320, 336 ], [ 448, 461 ], [ 484, 493 ], [ 498, 512 ], [ 543, 553 ], [ 578, 588 ], [ 658, 673 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "AmerisourceBergen handles about 20% of all of the pharmaceuticals sold and distributed throughout the United States and ranked 10th on the Fortune 500 list for 2020 with over $179 billion in annual revenue. In 2012, the firm was the largest by revenue based in Pennsylvania.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 276447, 23332 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 139, 150 ], [ 261, 273 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "AmerisourceBergen was formed in 2001 following the merger of AmeriSource Health Corporation and Bergen Brunswig Corporation. David Yost was CEO of Amerisource prior to the merger and remained in the position after the companies merged.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "AmerisourceBergen has 26 pharmaceutical distribution centers in the US, nine distribution centers in Canada, four specialty distribution centers in the US, and over 1 million square feet of packaging production capacity in the US and the UK. With the addition of World Courier, the largest specialty courier company in the world, over 150 company-owned offices around the globe were added to the company.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "AmerisourceBergen operates its pharmaceutical distribution business under four primary units: AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation (ABDC), AmerisourceBergen Specialty Group (ABSG), AmerisourceBergen Consulting Services (ABCS) and World Courier. In March 2016 Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. announced it would exercise an option to purchase 22.7 million shares of AmerisourceBergen stock and thereby control 15% of the company.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 44732533 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 257, 281 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Good Neighbor Pharmacy is an American retailers' cooperative network of more than 3,400 independently owned and operated pharmacies. It has a business affiliation with AmerisourceBergen, which sponsors the network and owns the name \"Good Neighbor Pharmacy.\" Good Neighbor Pharmacy is the sponsor for \"Thought Spot\" the annual trade show held in Las Vegas.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1464428, 665172 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 22 ], [ 345, 354 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2011, the company acquired IntrinsiQ for $35 million and Premier Source for an undisclosed amount. In July, Steven Collis replaced Yost as CEO of the company.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 52929848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 111, 124 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In March 2012, AmerisourceBergen agreed to acquire World Courier Group Inc, a transportation and logistics provider for the biopharmaceutical industry, for $520 million.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In January 2015, the company bought MWI Veterinary for $2.5 billion. In October, they agreed to buy PharMEDium, a compounding drug company, for $2.58 billion.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On January 3, 2018, AmerisourceBergen acquired H. D. Smith, the largest privately-held national pharmaceutical wholesaler in the U.S.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 63103 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 111, 121 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On June 2, 2021, AmerisourceBergen acquired Alliance Healthcare from Walgreens Boots Alliance for approximately $6.5 billion, made up of $6.275 billion in cash and 2 million shares of AmerisourceBergen common stock.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 44732533 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 69, 93 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In June 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced an unusual agreement for the distribution of remdesivir, the first coronavirus drug. HHS agreed to manufacturer Gilead's wholesale acquisition price, while HHS would continue to work together with state governments and AmerisourceBergen to allocate shipments of remdesivir vials to American hospitals through the end of September 2020, and in exchange, during that time-frame American patients would be allocated over 90% of Gilead's projected remdesivir output of more than 500,000 treatment courses.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 58250, 52322492, 978997, 62430725 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 68 ], [ 124, 134 ], [ 191, 197 ], [ 200, 227 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For the fiscal year 2019, AmerisourceBergen reported earnings of US$1.11 billion, with an annual revenue of US$179.58 billion. AmerisourceBergen's shares traded at over $88 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$19.2 billion in September 2019.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Finances", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "AmerisourceBergen is among several distributors that have been sued by West Virginian governments for contributing to the Opioid epidemic, by shipping inordinate amounts of pain medication into the state.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Controversies", "target_page_ids": [ 32905, 60367555 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 84 ], [ 122, 137 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In December 2019, Michigan became the first state to sue AmerisourceBergen and three other opioid distributors as drug dealers for their role in the state's opioid crisis. The lawsuit is filed under the Michigan Drug Dealer Liability Act. AmerisourceBergen was among four companies who, because of their role in the addiction crisis, agreed to pay $260 million to two Ohio counties.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Controversies", "target_page_ids": [ 18859, 218449, 511394 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 26 ], [ 114, 126 ], [ 157, 163 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In May 2020, Oklahoma Attorney General Mike Hunter sued AmerisourceBergen in Bryan County District Court, Oklahoma. The lawsuit alleged that the company's actions helped fuel Oklahoma's opioid crisis. The suit was filed along with lawsuits against Cardinal Health and McKesson, and the three lawsuits allege that the three companies provided \"enough opioids to Bryan County that every adult resident there could have had 144 hydrocodone tablets.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Controversies", "target_page_ids": [ 5108783, 25873565, 1041632, 1041603, 92113, 14413 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 38 ], [ 39, 50 ], [ 248, 263 ], [ 268, 276 ], [ 361, 373 ], [ 425, 436 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "AmerisourceBergen is among several distributors that have been sued by West Virginian governments for contributing to the opioid epidemic, by shipping inordinate amounts of pain medication into the state.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Controversies", "target_page_ids": [ 32905, 60367555 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 84 ], [ 122, 137 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In January 2022, AmerisourceBergen, McKesson, Cardinal Health, and Johnson & Johnson agreed to pay $26 billion to settle with all but five of the states suing them. Had the states gone to court, the companies could have faced up to $95 billion in penalties.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Controversies", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On October 1 2018, Amerisourcebergen agreed to pay $625M to resolve allegations that it had illegally repackaged and distributed oncology-supportive injectable drugs.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Controversies", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In October 2018, AmerisourceBergen agreed to pay $625 million to settle civil fraud allegations resulting from its repackaging and sale of adulterated drugs and unapproved new drugs, double billing and providing kickbacks to physicians. AmerisourceBergen's stock price reportedly plummeted after they were among other drug distributors who offered $10 billion to settle their portion of the national opioids lawsuit. States countered with $45 billion.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Controversies", "target_page_ids": [ 1616827, 1340774, 3161025, 32103193, 53140636 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 139, 156 ], [ 161, 181 ], [ 183, 197 ], [ 202, 235 ], [ 392, 416 ] ] } ]

[ "Companies_based_in_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania", "Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange", "Pharmaceutical_companies_established_in_2001", "Pharmaceutical_companies_of_the_United_States", "American_companies_established_in_2001", "Companies_based_in_Philadelphia", "Health_care_companies_based_in_Pennsylvania" ]

[ "AmerisourceBergen Corporation" ]

[ { "plaintext": "William Trewartha Bray (1 June 1794– 25 May 1868), known as Billy Bray, was an unconventional Cornish preacher.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2300559, 24972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 94, 101 ], [ 102, 110 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Billy Bray was born in 1794 in the village of Twelveheads, Cornwall, England, UK. He was the eldest of three children born to William Bray, who was a miner, and his wife Ann, who came from Gwennap. William Bray died when his children were young and they were cared for by their grandfather, who was a pious Methodist. After leaving school, Billy Bray worked as a miner in Cornwall and for seven years in Devon; during this time he was a drunkard and was prone to riotous behaviour. In 1821 he married Joanna, who was a lapsed Methodist and they eventually had seven children.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 6823214, 5648, 5604188, 20119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 57 ], [ 59, 67 ], [ 189, 196 ], [ 307, 316 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1823 he had a close escape from a mining accident, and later said that he was converted in November of that year through reading John Bunyan's Visions of Heaven and Hell. He became attached to a group of Methodists known as the Bible Christians, and became a well-known but unconventional preacher; his sermons being enlivened by spontaneous outbursts of singing and dancing. Bray did not restrict his activities to preaching, raising two orphans along with his own children and generously giving help to other people. He also raised enough funds to build three new Methodist chapels, one in his home village of Twelveheads, one at Carharrack, and one—nicknamed 'Three Eyes' chapel because of its three windows—at nearby Kerley Downs.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 39661, 2333378, 1111655, 33139455 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 132, 143 ], [ 231, 246 ], [ 635, 645 ], [ 724, 736 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Bray died in 1868 and is buried at the parish church of Saint Michael and All Angels in Baldhu where his grave is marked by a granite obelisk. In 1984 the 'Three Eyes' chapel, the only one of the three he built that is still standing, was dedicated to his memory.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 12772284 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 88, 94 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "F. W. Bourne wrote a biography of Bray entitled A King's Son which, after its first publication in 1871, went through many editions under several titles for over a hundred years. According to this biography one of Bray's favourite sayings, which he used when people complained about his enthusiastic singing and shouting, was", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 11284350 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "William James referred to Bray as \"an excellent little illiterate English evangelist\" in his The Varieties of Religious Experience published in 1902. Annie Dillard makes reference to Bray in the last sentence of her 1974 Pulitzer Prize-winning Pilgrim at Tinker Creek. Billy Bray in His Own Words by Chris Wright was published in 2004; it is based on the previously unpublished journal of Bray written in his own handwriting, that had lain untouched since the nineteenth century. Bray's life was celebrated by the Devon folk songwriter Seth Lakeman in the song \"Preacher's Ghost\" on his 2010 album Hearts and Minds.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 90682, 1230412, 184976, 24230, 8166, 10623, 94154, 2612500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 93, 130 ], [ 150, 163 ], [ 221, 235 ], [ 514, 519 ], [ 520, 524 ], [ 525, 535 ], [ 536, 548 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Michael Bentley has written a children's book about him that was published in 2012.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1794_births", "1868_deaths", "Converts_to_Methodism", "Cornish_Methodists", "Cornish_evangelicals", "People_from_Chacewater" ]

[ "William Trewartha Bray" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The Adena culture was a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that existed from 500 BCE to 100 CE, in a time known as the Early Woodland period. The Adena culture refers to what were probably a number of related Native American societies sharing a burial complex and ceremonial system. The Adena culture was centered on the location of the modern state of Ohio, but also extended into contiguous areas of northern Kentucky, eastern Indiana, West Virginia, and parts of extreme western Pennsylvania.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 90001, 21217, 2321316, 22199, 16846, 21883857, 32905, 23332 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 37 ], [ 38, 53 ], [ 122, 143 ], [ 356, 360 ], [ 414, 422 ], [ 432, 439 ], [ 441, 454 ], [ 485, 497 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Adena culture was named for the large mound on Thomas Worthington's early 19th-century estate located near Chillicothe, Ohio, which he named \"Adena\",", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Importance", "target_page_ids": [ 702163, 129782 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 71 ], [ 111, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The culture is the most prominently known of a number of similar cultures in eastern North America that began mound building ceremonialism at the end of the Archaic period. The geographic range of the Adena sites is centered on central and southern Ohio, with further sites in contiguous areas of the surrounding states of Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The importance of the Adena complex comes from its considerable influence on other contemporary cultures and cultures that came after it The Adena culture is seen as the precursor to the traditions of the Hopewell tradition, which are sometimes thought as an elaboration, or zenith, of Adena traditions.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Importance", "target_page_ids": [ 39955633, 796013, 313110 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 98 ], [ 157, 171 ], [ 579, 597 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Adena were notable for their agricultural practices, pottery, artistic works, and extensive trading network, which supplied them with a variety of raw materials, ranging from copper from the Great Lakes to shells from the Gulf Coast.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Importance", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Lasting traces of Adena culture are still seen in the remains of their substantial earthworks. At one point, larger Adena mounds numbered in the hundreds, but only a small number of the remains of the larger Adena earthen monuments still survive today. These mounds generally ranged in size from to in diameter and served as burial structures, ceremonial sites, historical markers, and possibly gathering places. These earthen monuments were built using hundreds of thousands of baskets full of specially selected and graded earth. According to archaeological investigations, Adena earthworks were often built as part of their burial rituals, in which the earth of the earthwork was piled immediately atop a burned mortuary building. These mortuary buildings were intended to keep and maintain the dead until their final burial was performed. Before the construction of the earthworks, some utilitarian and grave goods would be placed on the floor of the structure, which was burned with the goods and honored dead within. The earthwork would then be constructed, and often a new mortuary structure would be placed atop the new earthwork. After a series of repetitions, mortuary/earthwork/mortuary/earthwork, a quite prominent earthwork would remain. In the later Adena period, circular ridges of unknown function were sometimes constructed around the burial earthworks.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Art and religion", "target_page_ids": [ 11604541, 2417700 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 93 ], [ 259, 264 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Adena also carved small stone tablets, usually 4 or 5inches by 3 or 4inches by .5inches thick. On one or both flat sides were gracefully composed stylized zoomorphs or curvilinear geometric designs in deep relief. Paint has been found on some Adena tablets, leading archaeologists to propose that these stone tablets were probably used to stamp designs on cloth or animal hides, or onto their own bodies. It is possible that they were used to outline designs for tattooing.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Art and religion", "target_page_ids": [ 30555 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 467, 473 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Unlike in other cultures, Adena pottery was not buried with the dead or the remains of the cremated, as were other artifacts. Usually Adena pottery was tempered with grit or crushed limestone and was very thick; its decoration was largely plain, cord-marked or fabric marked, although one type bore a nested-diamond design incised into its surface. The vessel shapes were sub-conoidal or flat-bottomed jars, sometimes with small foot-like supports.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Art and religion", "target_page_ids": [ 1407348, 60494679 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 39 ], [ 152, 160 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The large and elaborate mound sites served a nearby scattering of people. The population was dispersed in small settlements of one to two structures. A typical house was built in a circle form from 15 to 45 feet in diameter. The walls were made of paired posts tilted outward, that were then joined to other pieces of wood to form a cone shaped roof. The roof was then covered with bark and the walls may have been bark and/or wickerwork.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Domestic life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Their sustenance was acquired through foraging and the cultivation of native plants.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Domestic life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Hunted deer, elk, black bear, woodchuck, beaver, porcupine, turkey, trumpeter swan, and ruffed grouse.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Domestic life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Gathered several edible seed, grasses, and nuts.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Domestic life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Cultivated pumpkin, squash, sunflower, and goosefoot.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Domestic life", "target_page_ids": [ 21208368, 144759, 57622, 1647864 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 19 ], [ 21, 27 ], [ 29, 38 ], [ 44, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Adena ground stone tools and axes. Somewhat rougher slab-like stones with chipped edges were probably used as hoes. Bone and antler were used in small tools, but even more prominently in ornamental objects such as beads, combs, and worked animal-jaw gorgets or paraphernalia. Spoons, beads and other implements were made from the marine conch. A few copper axes have been found, but otherwise the metal was hammered into ornamental forms, such as bracelets, rings, beads, and reel-shaped pendants.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Domestic life", "target_page_ids": [ 1072124, 290749 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 254, 260 ], [ 341, 346 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hopewell tradition", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 313110 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Old Copper complex", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 11711327 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ohio Memory", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ohio Historical Society's Archaeology Page", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Virtual First Ohioans's webpage on the Adena", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Introduction to North America's Native People: Adena people", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ancient Earthworks of Eastern North America Photo Galleries", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Adena_culture", "Formative_period_in_the_Americas", "Archaeological_cultures_of_North_America", "Pre-Columbian_cultures", "Pre-Columbian_archaeology", "Pre-statehood_history_of_Ohio", "Early_Woodland_period", "Prehistoric_cultures_in_Ohio" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC), (The King's Own or The KOCR), is a Canadian Army armoured reconnaissance regiment of the Canadian Armed Forces Primary Reserve. Headquartered at the Mewata Armoury in Calgary, Alberta, the KOCR is a part-time reserve unit of 3rd Canadian Division's 41 Canadian Brigade Group. Its regimental museum is located in Calgary.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 182803, 20601170, 182792, 9393256, 3541505, 15895358, 811290, 11684419, 5423426 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 88 ], [ 89, 112 ], [ 129, 150 ], [ 151, 166 ], [ 189, 203 ], [ 207, 223 ], [ 265, 286 ], [ 289, 314 ], [ 320, 337 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The regiment operates the Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle (TAPV), Mercedes-Benz G-Wagon and militarized Chevrolet Silverado trucks, known as the MILCOTS (or colloquially as the \"Milverado\").", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 39191927, 736917, 865341, 865341 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 73 ], [ 75, 96 ], [ 113, 132 ], [ 154, 161 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On a shield Argent a cross Gules surmounted by a maple leaf in autumnal tints charged with a bison statant on a mound, on a chief the local landscape at sunset all proper, the shield ensigned by the Royal Crown, supported dexter by a horse, sinister by a steer, adorned beneath with a rose between shamrocks and thistles all proper, the whole set upon three scrolls Or, the upper one inscribed with the motto ONWARD and the two below inscribed KING'S OWN CALGARY REGIMENT in letters Azure.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Cap badge", "target_page_ids": [ 105249, 105251, 1095461 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 18 ], [ 27, 32 ], [ 366, 368 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Crown represents service to the Sovereign. The badge, incorporates the shield, the horse, the steer and the roses, thistles, and shamrocks, as adopted by the City of Calgary in 1902. \"KING'S OWN CALGARY REGIMENT\" is a form of the regimental title and \"ONWARD\" is the motto of the regiment and the City of Calgary.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Cap badge", "target_page_ids": [ 15895358, 15895358 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 162, 177 ], [ 301, 316 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The King's Own Calgary Regiment (Royal Canadian Armoured Corps) was split off in 1920 the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles) raised on 10 April 1910 at Calgary, Alberta. The regiment was reorganized on 15 March 1920 as two separate regiments, The Alberta Regiment (now The South Alberta Light Horse) and The Calgary Regiment as part of the Otter Committee reorganizations. On 15 May 1924, The Calgary Regiment was again reorganized and split into two separate regiments, The Calgary Regiment (now The King's Own Calgary Regiment) and The Calgary Highlanders.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [ 18829149, 811470, 50738625, 1445959, 676372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 90, 121 ], [ 266, 295 ], [ 337, 352 ], [ 494, 525 ], [ 531, 554 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 15 September 1921 The Calgary Regiment divided into six battalions, the 1st Battalion became the 1st Battalion, Calgary Highlanders, The Calgary Regiment. The 2nd Battalion, The Calgary Regiment later became the King's Own Calgary Regiment. The 3rd, 4th and 5th battalions were paper units that were never formed and disbanded in the 1936 reorganizations of the Militia.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On 15 May 1924, The Calgary Regiment reorganized as separate regiments.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 1 April 1910: Organized as the 103rd Regiment \"Calgary Rifles\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 15 March 1920: Reorganized as two separate regiments, The Alberta Regiment (now The South Alberta Light Horse) and The Calgary Regiment", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [ 69628843, 811470 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 75 ], [ 81, 110 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 15 May 1924: Reorganized as two separate regiments, The Calgary Regiment (now The King's Own Calgary Regiment) and The Calgary Highlanders", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [ 676372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 116, 139 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 1 April 1936: Amalgamated with the 'Headquarters' and 'B Company' of the '13th Machine Gun Battalion, CMGC' retaining its designation.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 15 December 1936: Redesignated The Calgary Regiment (Tank)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 1 April 1941: Redesignated 14th (Reserve) Army Tank Battalion, (The Calgary Regiment (Tank))", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 15 August 1942: Redesignated 14th (Reserve) Army Tank Regiment, (The Calgary Regiment (Tank)) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 1 April 1946: Redesignated 14th Armoured Regiment (Calgary Regiment), RCAC", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 22 July 1946: Redesignated 14th Armoured Regiment (King's Own Calgary Regiment)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 4 Feb 1949: Redesignated The King's Own Calgary Regiment (14th Armoured Regiment)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 19 May 1958: Redesignated The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Originated on 1 June, 1919, in Edmonton, Alberta, as the 13th Machine Gun Brigade, CMGC", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [ 95405 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Redesignated on 15 September, 1924, as the 13th Machine Gun Battalion, CMGC", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Amalgamated on 1 April 1936, with The Calgary Regiment", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Lineage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The history of The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC) began on 1 April 1910, when its predecessor the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles), an infantry regiment of the Canadian non-permanent militia, was authorized and formed at Calgary, Alberta, Canada by General Order 38/10.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 18829149, 5725636, 15895358, 717, 5042916 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 102, 133 ], [ 172, 193 ], [ 224, 231 ], [ 233, 240 ], [ 242, 248 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With the outbreak of the First World War, the regiment was divided into several battalions for overseas service, which the King's Own perpetuate to this day. These battalions included the 50th, 89th and 137th, all of which saw service in Europe and were composed of men from central and southern Alberta.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 4764461 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 50th Battalion (Calgary), CEF, an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, was authorized on 7 November 1914 and trained in Calgary and Sarcee Camp.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 23217097, 1182044 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 33 ], [ 64, 92 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The battalion arrived in France on 11 August 1916, where it fought as part of the 10th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion took part in the Battle of the Somme in October 1916, the Vimy Ridge in April 1917, and fought during the Battle of Passchendaele. During the Battle of Vimy Ridge, Pte. John George Pattison of the 50thBattalion CEF was awarded the Empire's highest award for gallantry, the Victoria Cross, for his heroic actions on 10 April 1917, storming a German machine-gun nest.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 900266, 811304, 60921, 70435, 44454, 1223760, 17491404 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 82, 112 ], [ 114, 135 ], [ 216, 235 ], [ 257, 267 ], [ 305, 328 ], [ 368, 388 ], [ 472, 486 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During the conclusion of World War I, and the interwar years, the regiment changed roles and names several times, however, it has always maintained its ancestral home at Mewata Armoury in downtown Calgary. In 1924 the unit was titled \"The Calgary Regiment\". In 1936 it was one of a handful of infantry regiments selected to become an armoured unit. With this evolution, the name was changed to \"The Calgary Regiment (Tank)\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On 16 February 1941, the 14th Army Tank Battalion (Calgary Regiment) was mobilized at Mewata Barracks. When the Canadian Armoured Corps was created, the Calgary Regiment lost its status as an infantry regiment and transferred to the new corps. A reserve regiment remained in Calgary. The regiment was composed of 400 members of the reserve battalion, drawing also from reinforcement personnel from The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada and the Edmonton Regiment. The original 'A' Squadron was drawn from Olds and district, 'B' Squadron from Stettler area, 'C' Squadron from Red Deer, and Headquarters from Calgary, High River, and Okotoks district.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1568224, 2442698, 1896330, 1916559, 1492554, 142830, 2586594, 678872 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 112, 135 ], [ 398, 432 ], [ 441, 458 ], [ 502, 506 ], [ 539, 547 ], [ 572, 580 ], [ 613, 623 ], [ 629, 636 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In March 1941 the regiment moved to Camp Borden, becoming part of the First Army Tank Brigade and in June 1941 sailed for Great Britain. Matilda tanks were initially used on the Salisbury Plains, but these were replaced later in the year by the first manufactured Churchills.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 512030, 206191, 488398 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 47 ], [ 138, 150 ], [ 265, 274 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The overseas unit trained on various vehicles in Canada and the United Kingdom, and in August 1942 took the Churchill tank into battle for the first time at Dieppe. During the battle, the Battalion suffered casualties: two officers and eleven men were killed, 33 men and officers were wounded and taken prisoner with 143 other men; Only five of 181 men returned to England after the battle. A notable casualty was Lieutenant Colonel \"Johnny\" Andrews, who was killed in action.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 358695 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 157, 163 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the spring of 1943, Lieutenant-Colonel C.H. Neroutsos took command of the regiment. The new unit went to Sicily in 1943 with the First Canadian Army Tank Brigade, re-equipped with the Sherman tank.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 27619, 65574 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 109, 115 ], [ 188, 200 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 3 September 1943, the regiment assaulted the beaches of Reggio Calabria to little resistance and moved northwards with notable engagements in Potenza, Motta Montecorvino and Campobasso while supporting the 1st Canadian Infantry Division. On 21 November 1943, the regiment supported the 8th Indian Infantry Division in its assault against fierce German opposition on the Sangro River. In December the regiment met stubborn opposition fighting for the Moro River and later Vino Ridge and the Ortona Crossroads.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 44942, 4647921, 6256885, 79461, 811242, 3675637, 11785694, 1086501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 74 ], [ 145, 152 ], [ 154, 172 ], [ 177, 187 ], [ 209, 239 ], [ 290, 318 ], [ 455, 465 ], [ 495, 501 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 11–12 May 1944 the regiment assaulted across the Gari River supporting the 19th Indian Brigade of the 8th Indian Division. During this operation and the advance towards the Hitler Line the regiment sustained casualties numbering 16 officers, 40 other ranks, and 60 tank casualties. An innovative use of a modified Sherman tank to carry a bridge across the Gari River is known as Kingsmill bridge by its inventor Captain T. Kingsmill's moniker. Kingsmill was to receive the Military Cross for the action. At this point Lieutenant-Colonel Neroutsos fell ill, and the regiment was taken over by Lieutenant-Colonel C.A. Richardson.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 48543006, 30863560, 488249 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 62 ], [ 177, 188 ], [ 479, 493 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In June 1944 the Calgaries took part in the Battle of Lake Trasimeno in support of the British 4th Division, after which the Calgaries conducted a pursuit up the Chiani Valley until the Lydia Line was reached south of Arezzo. By 3 August 1944, the regiment had advanced with the 8th Indian Division to the Arno River through country with remarkably poor tank going.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 571187, 99189, 3240 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 87, 107 ], [ 218, 224 ], [ 307, 317 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 25 August 1944 the Calgaries made an assault crossing of the Arno River, east of Florence pushing into the Sieve Valley where the Gothic Line was assaulted in the \"Marradi\" sector in support of the 1/5 Gurkha Regiment. Another miserably wet Italian winter was spent in the mountains.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 11525, 522777, 180361 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 84, 92 ], [ 133, 144 ], [ 205, 220 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In late February 1945 the regiment was moved to Leghorn and embarked to Marseilles, France, where it moved by rail to the North-West Europe theatre. The regiment moved to the Reichswald Forest and on 12 April 1945 fought in the Second Battle of Arnhem, supporting the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division to Ede, the Netherlands. The regiment's final actions of the Second World War were in support of the 1st Belgium Brigade in clearing the resistance between the Nederrijn and Waal Rivers.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 40888948, 28290541, 5289167, 464312, 118603 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 82 ], [ 176, 186 ], [ 229, 252 ], [ 269, 305 ], [ 309, 312 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When the overseas unit returned to Canada in 1945, it was disbanded, and the Calgary Regiment continued its service as a reserve armoured unit.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Until 1968 the unit trained on Sherman tanks when the vehicles were finally retired. In the 1980s, the new AVGP Cougar was introduced into service, mounting a 76mm main armament with co-axial C6 general purpose machine gun. These vehicles were used for training until the 21st century. In addition to an active Cougar squadron, an armoured reconnaissance squadron also trained on Jeeps and later the Iltis vehicle, usually mounting a C5 GPMG, or later the C6 GPMG.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 933206, 30871181 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 107, 118 ], [ 400, 405 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Members of the regiment continued the proud military tradition of the unit by volunteering for United Nations and NATO missions augmenting Canadian Armed Forces regular units on peacekeeping duties in Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Congo, Golan Heights, and Darfur.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2006, the regiment turned in its Cougar AVGP vehicles suspending its training as an armoured regiment and taking on the role of armoured reconnaissance with the Mercedes G-Wagen, known in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) as the LUVW (Light Utility Vehicle Wheeled). Soldiers also conduct dismounted reconnaissance tasks and domestic operations (assistance during natural disasters such as floods, forest fires, and ice storms to name a few). Other soldiers conduct recruit training for new members of Calgary-based 41 Canadian Brigade Group units.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 736917, 11684419 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 173, 180 ], [ 517, 542 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In addition to many soldiers having served on United Nations tours in Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Congo, Golan Heights, and Darfur, members of the regiment volunteered on operational tours in Afghanistan.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Soldiers deploying on missions receive training on the full range of CAF vehicles including the Leopard C2, the TLAV, Coyote, the LAV III, and the Nyala (RG-31) armoured patrol vehicle.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 584956, 1358772, 1973409, 676657 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 96, 106 ], [ 118, 124 ], [ 130, 137 ], [ 147, 160 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Besides reconnaissance crewman and officers, soldiers of the regiment are also trained as mechanics, CIMIC operators, musicians (in the regimental brass and reed band), RMS clerks, and storesmen.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Canada's participation in the War in Afghanistan saw many soldiers from the regiment deploy in a variety of roles throughout the conflict. On 24 September 2007, the King's Own suffered its first combat fatality since the Second World War, when Cpl Nathan Hornburg was killed in action while serving in Kandahar province. Cpl Hornburg was posthumously awarded the \"Mention in Dispatches\" for his exemplary performance in combat. As a result of the unit's contribution to the War in Afghanistan, The King's Own were awarded the battle honour in 2014, which the regiment now proudly displays on their guidon.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2017, the regiment added a detachment into the High River, Alberta area, which currently parades at the High River Regional Airport. The regiment's aim is to eventually grow this detachment into squadron-sized unit. The regiment is also actively recruiting in the Okotoks, and Turner Valley regions.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 2586594, 27830451, 678872, 394390 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 60 ], [ 198, 206 ], [ 267, 274 ], [ 280, 293 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The regiment also assumed operational control of the 41 Canadian Brigade Group Influence Activities Company, composed of civil-military cooperation (CIMIC) and psychological operations (Psyops) trained personnel.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Since 2014, the unit has been increasingly training with civilian side-by-side all-terrain platforms, snowmobiles, and All-Terrain Vehicles, examining their utility during domestic operations and to supplement for rear echelon tasks. On 22 April 2018 the regiment unveiled the Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle (TAPV) during the unit anniversary St. George's Day.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 14492198, 39191927 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 78 ], [ 277, 324 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "—The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's Lancashire and Border)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Alliances", "target_page_ids": [ 1306355 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the list below, battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles. The battle honours written in bold are emblazoned on the regimental guidon.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Battle honours", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Private John George Pattison, VC", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Victoria Crosses", "target_page_ids": [ 1223760 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The regimental association of The King's Own Calgary Regiment is named The King's Own Calgary Regiment (50 CEF / 14 CTR) Association. The current association pulls roots from the 50/14 Veterans Association which was created by Second World War veterans upon their return home.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Regimental Association", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "According to the association bylaws:\"Anyone who at any time has served with The King’s Own Calgary Regiment, or any of its predecessor units (including those who have served with the Regiment on attachment), or who is related to a current or former serving member of the Regiment or any of its predecessor units, or who has served with a Cadet Corps supported by the Regiment, or who is a loyal supporter of The King’s Own Calgary Regiment, shall be eligible for membership in the Association.\"The name of the association reflects the perpetuation of both the 50th Battalion, CEF, and the 14th Armoured Regiment (The Calgary Regiment).", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Regimental Association", "target_page_ids": [ 23217097 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 560, 579 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Soldiers of the 50th Battalion who went missing in action are memorialized on the Menin Gate and the Vimy Memorial while all Calgary-area soldiers of the regiment who have been killed in the First World War, Second World War and Afghanistan will be listed on the Calgary Soldiers' Memorial.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Monuments", "target_page_ids": [ 245389, 952246, 30833028 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 82, 92 ], [ 101, 114 ], [ 263, 289 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The regimental brass and reed band is an active reserve force band composed of volunteer members. It is currently one of two Primary Reserve bands in 41 Canadian Brigade Group and is the de facto military bands for the southern Alberta area. Established in 1910, it has taken part in many provincial events such as the Calgary Stampede and the St. George's Day parade. The band has the following ensembles:", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Regimental Band", "target_page_ids": [ 62735275, 43594, 717, 140795 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 34 ], [ 187, 195 ], [ 228, 235 ], [ 319, 335 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Wind Ensemble", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Regimental Band", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Brass Ensemble", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Regimental Band", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Fanfare Team", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Regimental Band", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Percussion Ensemble", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Regimental Band", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "These ensembles make up the 35 member band, which primarily performs as a concert and parade band in the community. It also performs at military and provincial functions.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Regimental Band", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The King's Own Calgary Regiment affiliated cadet corps is based in Cochrane, Alberta, bearing the title 2512 Kings Own Calgary Regiment Cadet Corps. The corps was formed 26 April 1954 as King's Own Calgary Regiment (14th Armoured Regiment). The corps disbanded 1 January 1958. The corps was formed again on 1 November 1976 as the King's Own Calgary Regiment Cadet Corps, and continues to parade weekly during the training year.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Cadets", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 10105582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Clarence Gerhart", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 45490547 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "King's Own Calgary Regiment Regimental Funds Foundation", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "YouTube Channel", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Army Cadet History 2512 Page", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The King's Own Calgary Regiment Band", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "The_King's_Own_Calgary_Regiment_(RCAC)", "Armoured_regiments_of_Canada", "Armoured_regiments_&_units_of_Canada_in_World_War_II", "Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1910", "Military_units_and_formations_of_Alberta" ]

[ "KO Calg R", "KOCR", "The King's Own Calgary Regiment", "The KOCR", "The King's Own" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Black lung may refer to: ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Black lung, or black lung disease, the common name for coalworker's pneumoconiosis, a disease caused by long-term exposure to coal dust", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2995856 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Black Lung, a theatre company founded by Thomas M. Wright and Thomas Henning", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 8722094, 63913098 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 58 ], [ 63, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Black Lung, also known as Snog, an Australian band", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 314621 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Black Lung\", a song by punk band Rancid from the album Life Won't Wait", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 590943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Black Lungs, a side project of Alexisonfire guitarist Wade MacNeil", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 4546765 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Black Lungs\", a song by Architects from their 2021 album For Those That Wish to Exist", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 65643660 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 87 ] ] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Steve Sullivan (born July 6, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played over 1000 games in the National Hockey League for the New Jersey Devils, Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators, Pittsburgh Penguins and Arizona Coyotes. He was also a former coach and executive with the Coyotes.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 19851291, 14790, 21809, 66743, 70155, 73126, 73140, 66964, 73138 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 48 ], [ 69, 79 ], [ 121, 143 ], [ 152, 169 ], [ 171, 190 ], [ 192, 210 ], [ 212, 231 ], [ 233, 252 ], [ 257, 272 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the OHL, Sullivan played with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds and won the 1993 Memorial Cup.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 1034560, 8468877 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 64 ], [ 77, 94 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sullivan was taken by the New Jersey Devils in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft ninth round, 233rd overall. He was assigned to play with the Albany River Rats, where he captured a Calder Cup championship in 1995.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 66743, 1013129, 497064, 291986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 43 ], [ 51, 71 ], [ 134, 151 ], [ 173, 183 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sullivan was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs during the 1996–97 NHL season, where he went on to score a (then) career high 40 points during the 1998–99 NHL season.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 70155, 1575490, 2360206 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 46 ], [ 58, 76 ], [ 146, 164 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sullivan was then picked up off waivers in 1999 by the Chicago Blackhawks. Sullivan posted a new career high of 75 points in the 2001–02 NHL season.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 73126, 1345369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 73 ], [ 129, 147 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sullivan was traded to the Nashville Predators for a second-round pick in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft (Michael Blunden) and a second-round pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft (Ryan Garlock) on February 16, 2004.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 73140, 2240912, 7634376, 898647, 6133152 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 46 ], [ 78, 98 ], [ 100, 115 ], [ 148, 168 ], [ 170, 182 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Upon arriving in Nashville, Sullivan put up 30 points in 24 games, including a hat trick in his first game with the Predators, and 10 points in his first 3 games with the team. Sullivan was named the NHL's Offensive Player of the Week for October 9–16, 2005.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 22018, 411541 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 26 ], [ 79, 88 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In February 2007, Sullivan suffered a debilitating back injury in a game against the Montreal Canadiens that forced him out of action for the remainder of the season, all of the season, and the first half of the season. Sullivan made his comeback on January 10, 2009, against the Chicago Blackhawks after nearly 23 months. Due to his successful comeback during the 2008–09 season, Sullivan was awarded the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for his perseverance, sportsmanship, and dedication to hockey.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 42966, 73126, 9273741, 269824 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 103 ], [ 283, 301 ], [ 368, 375 ], [ 409, 439 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On July 1, 2011, he signed a one-year contract worth $1.5 million with the Pittsburgh Penguins. His early form in the 2011–12 season was disappointing, but as the season went on, he became better accustomed to the Penguins' lineup and finished with 48 points in 79 games. He scored two goals in the Penguins opening round playoff loss to the Philadelphia Flyers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 66964, 26981843, 66941 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 94 ], [ 118, 125 ], [ 342, 361 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On July 4, 2012, Sullivan signed a one-year, $1.85 million deal with the Phoenix Coyotes. Signed with the intention to cover the loss of fellow veteran Ray Whitney, Sullivan got off to a quick start with the Coyotes in the lockout shortened 2012–13 season, scoring a hat-trick in his third game to help defeat the Columbus Blue Jackets on January 24, 2013. On March 28, 2013, Sullivan dressed for his 1,000th NHL game, fittingly against the Nashville Predators. He was honored during the game as the Coyotes defeated the Predators 7-4.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 73138, 2348792, 36989382, 29020787, 73128, 9014864 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 73, 88 ], [ 152, 163 ], [ 223, 230 ], [ 241, 248 ], [ 314, 335 ], [ 401, 417 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On April 3, 2013, Sullivan was dealt by the Coyotes at the trade deadline to return to his original club, the New Jersey Devils, for a 7th round draft pick. His time between stints with the Devils was 16 year, 45 days, the third longest amount of time between stints with one team in NHL history.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Playing career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On September 8, 2014, the Coyotes announced that they had hired Sullivan as their development coach.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Post-Playing career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On July 26, 2020, Sullivan was named the interim general manager of the Coyotes upon the resignation of John Chayka, running the NHL franchise till Bill Armstrong was hired as the new general manager in September 2020. Less than 5 months later, Sullivan was let go from this position as assistant general manager and executive vice-president of hockey operations on February 11, 2021.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Post-Playing career", "target_page_ids": [ 50430131, 29369091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 104, 115 ], [ 148, 162 ] ] } ]

[ "1974_births", "Living_people", "Albany_River_Rats_players", "Arizona_Coyotes_coaches", "Arizona_Coyotes_executives", "Bill_Masterton_Memorial_Trophy_winners", "Canadian_ice_hockey_left_wingers", "Chicago_Blackhawks_players", "Ice_hockey_people_from_Ontario", "Memorial_Cup_winners", "Nashville_Predators_players", "New_Jersey_Devils_draft_picks", "New_Jersey_Devils_players", "Phoenix_Coyotes_players", "Pittsburgh_Penguins_players", "Sault_Ste._Marie_Greyhounds_players", "Sportspeople_from_Timmins", "Toronto_Maple_Leafs_players", "Canadian_ice_hockey_coaches" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Events from the year 1889 in Ireland.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "June – Edward Carson becomes the youngest QC in Ireland (aged 35).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 168325, 90072, 147575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 20 ], [ 42, 44 ], [ 48, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "12 June – the Armagh rail disaster occurs near Armagh: runaway carriages from a Sunday school excursion collide with an oncoming train, killing 80, the worst railway accident in Ireland ever.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 248003, 473800, 654550 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 34 ], [ 47, 53 ], [ 80, 93 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "16 July – Ballymena and Larne Railway taken over by Belfast and Northern Counties Railway.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 14195590, 1042839 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 37 ], [ 52, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1 November – Portrush life-boat The Robert and Agnes Blair, going to the aid of the schooner Dryad, capsizes off the coast at Portballintrae with the loss of three of her thirteen crew.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 428706, 21124968, 4027571 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 21 ], [ 22, 31 ], [ 126, 140 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "24 December – Irish nationalist Charles Stewart Parnell is accused of adultery after Captain Willy O'Shea files for divorce on the grounds his wife Kitty O'Shea had an affair with Parnell. The scandal will later result in the dismissal of Parnell as leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 165528, 58809, 9099090, 40147, 504827, 348738 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 55 ], [ 70, 78 ], [ 93, 105 ], [ 116, 123 ], [ 148, 160 ], [ 264, 289 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A religious group of the Order of Carmelites leave Dublin for the United States at the invitation of the New York Archbishop later establishing the Provence of St. Elias.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 43577, 3434750, 8210131, 48557 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 45 ], [ 67, 80 ], [ 106, 114 ], [ 115, 125 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children is founded.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 421152 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Land League builds a house for recently evicted tenant Tom Kelly in Kiltimagh, County Mayo.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 423007, 2025485, 5830 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 16 ], [ 73, 82 ], [ 84, 95 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Poet William Butler Yeats is introduced by John O'Leary to Irish nationalist Maude Gonne.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 33684, 3443256, 268259 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 26 ], [ 44, 56 ], [ 78, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Industrialist Horace Plunkett returns to Ireland after his father's death.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 416486, 2384847 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 15, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Tropical Ravine House in Belfast Botanic Gardens is built by head gardener Charles McKimm.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 4532027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Foundation stone laid for the Albert Bridge, Belfast, by Queen Victoria's grandson, Prince Albert Victor.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 4591214, 47923, 166344 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 52 ], [ 57, 71 ], [ 84, 104 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Cork County Southern Star weekly newspaper is established in Skibbereen, incorporating The Skibbereen Eagle (1857).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 7566009, 473182 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 29 ], [ 65, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Percy French writes the comic song Slattery's Mounted Foot.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 794162, 20866747 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 36, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Thomas Gilbert's Calendar of Ancient Records of the Corporation of Dublin is published.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 19170593 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arthur Graves writes the lyrics of Father O'Flynn.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 50072192 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Douglas Hyde publishes Beside the Fire.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 160897 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Moore publishes Mike Fletcher.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 205928, 44716556 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 24, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Standish James O'Grady publishes Red Hugh's Captivity.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 6190388 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Whitworth Porter publishes History of the Corps of Royal Engineers.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 29664552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Amye Reade's Ruby is published.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Dr. G. T. Stokes publishes Ireland and the Anglo-Norman Church.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Oscar Wilde publishes his dialogue The Decay of Lying and story The Portrait of Mr. W. H..", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 22614, 15798061, 15970392 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 36, 54 ], [ 65, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " W. B. Yeats publishes The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems (including Down by the Salley Gardens) and Crossways.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Arts and literature", "target_page_ids": [ 33684, 1240577, 6903187 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 23, 62 ], [ 74, 100 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 8 July – the last official bare-knuckle title fight ever held as Irish American Heavyweight Champion John L. Sullivan defeats Jake Kilrain in a world championship bout lasting 75 rounds in Mississippi.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 356919, 46284800, 818931, 2078103, 16949861 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 40 ], [ 66, 80 ], [ 102, 118 ], [ 127, 139 ], [ 190, 201 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "International", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "2 March England 6–0 Ireland (in Liverpool)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 18081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "9 March Scotland 7–0 Ireland (in Glasgow)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 68736 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "27 April Ireland 1–3 Wales (in Belfast)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 5046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Irish Cup", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 1525672 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Winners: Distillery 5–4 YMCA", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 1343502, 42698671 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 19 ], [ 24, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Glenavon F.C. was founded in Lurgan, County Armagh.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 1346043, 299288, 77929 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 29, 35 ], [ 37, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The first GAA Armagh Championship is held.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 243648, 77929 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 14 ], [ 15, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The hierarchy of the Catholic Church, including Archbishop Logue, condemn the GAA for its violence and demoralising influences as well as charging the association as a recruiting ground of radical nationalist organizations.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 24 March – The first Cavan Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) convention is held in Armagh.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 429660, 473800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 27 ], [ 84, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 8 September – The Cavan Gaelic Athletic Association holds a football game between Killinkere and Crosserlough. The game is reported by The Anglo-Celt as \"..More like a contest between 42 dangerous and ferocious wire haired lunatics than any competition.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 4013395, 25997275, 1473132 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 93 ], [ 98, 110 ], [ 136, 150 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Royal County Down Golf Club is founded in Newcastle, County Down.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 5370905, 98251 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 32 ], [ 47, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Royal Dublin Golf Club moves from Sutton to its present home on Bull Island.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 5111177, 1008011, 1514169 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 27 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 69, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Golf is first played at the Dooks Golf Club in Killorglin, County Kerry, and at the Portstewart Golf Club.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Sport", "target_page_ids": [ 598846, 92615, 5510561 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 58 ], [ 60, 72 ], [ 85, 106 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1 January – Patrick MacGill of Glenties, \"navvy poet\", journalist and novelist (died 1963).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1769091, 704153, 1077103 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 27 ], [ 31, 39 ], [ 85, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "10 January – Maurice Collis, colonial administrator and writer (died 1973).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 9751313, 1077026 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 27 ], [ 69, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "2 February – Dorothy Macardle, author and historian (died 1958).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3351102, 1077145 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 29 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "19 February – Albert Stewart, rugby player (killed in action 1917).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 48462164, 1077436 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 28 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "8 March – Ina Boyle, composer (died 1967).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 30721101, 1077084 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 19 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "17 March – Harry Clarke, stained glass artist and book illustrator (died 1931).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 144709, 142340, 1077264 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 23 ], [ 25, 38 ], [ 73, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "17 March – Fionán Lynch, Sinn Féin MP and TD, member of 1st Dáil, Cabinet Minister, Cumann na nGaedheal and Fine Gael TD (died 1966).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1087284, 28175, 98066, 157086, 158023, 147622, 11252, 157086, 1077089 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 23 ], [ 25, 34 ], [ 35, 37 ], [ 42, 44 ], [ 56, 64 ], [ 84, 103 ], [ 108, 117 ], [ 118, 120 ], [ 127, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "12 April – Patrick McGilligan, Cumann na nGaedheal/Fine Gael TD and Cabinet Minister (died 1979).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 476876, 147622, 11252, 157086, 9627923 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 29 ], [ 31, 50 ], [ 51, 60 ], [ 61, 63 ], [ 91, 95 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "13 April – Ernest Blythe, writer, journalist and theatre manager, member of 1st Dáil and Cabinet Minister (born 1975).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 419205, 158023, 9651368 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 24 ], [ 76, 84 ], [ 112, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "31 May – Helen Waddell, poet, translator and playwright (died 1965).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7901316, 9674949 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 22 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "7 June – Frank Duff, founder of the Legion of Mary (died 1980).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6580976, 1973997, 1076993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 19 ], [ 36, 50 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "10 June – Jack Finlay, Laois hurler and TD (died 1942).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8854190, 2810598, 157086, 1077219 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 21 ], [ 23, 28 ], [ 40, 42 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "June – James Sleator, painter (died 1950).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8704371, 9695748 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 20 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "19 July – John Vincent Holland, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1916 at Guillemont, France (died 1975).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1220165, 17491404, 3854716, 5843419, 1077013 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 30 ], [ 58, 72 ], [ 98, 108 ], [ 110, 116 ], [ 123, 127 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "22 July – Conor Maguire, Chief Justice of Ireland (died 1971).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21279436, 1077042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 23 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "22 August – Seán MacEntee, Fianna Fáil TD and Tánaiste from 1959 to 1965 (died 1984).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 262829, 11536, 157086, 172015, 9511086 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 25 ], [ 27, 38 ], [ 39, 41 ], [ 46, 54 ], [ 79, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "28 September – Seán Keating, painter (died 1977).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1616750, 1077007 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 27 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "17 November", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "James Duffy, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1917 at Kereina Peak, Palestine (died 1969).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1215240, 17491404, 1114732, 1077068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 39, 53 ], [ 93, 102 ], [ 109, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Séamus Ó Grianna, writer (died 1969).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4698877, 1077068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ], [ 31, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "20 November – Brian Oswald Donn-Byrne, New York-born novelist (died 1928).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12844275, 1077284 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 37 ], [ 68, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "24 November – James Macauley, soccer player (died 1945).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14986463, 5311281 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 28 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1 December – Michael Hayes, Pro-Treaty TD, Cabinet Minister, Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann and Seanad Éireann member (died 1976).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 559763, 157086, 148808, 40038072, 23742684, 1077008 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 26 ], [ 39, 41 ], [ 61, 76 ], [ 80, 92 ], [ 97, 111 ], [ 125, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "24 December – Patrick MacGill, journalist, poet and novelist (died 1963).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1769091, 1077103 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 29 ], [ 67, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Full date unknown", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Joan de Sales La Terriere, born Joan Grubb, socialite, equestrienne and divorcée (died 1968).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34292419, 1077079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 25 ], [ 87, 91 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "23 January – Michael Joseph Barry, poet (born 1817).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20488376, 10123072 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 33 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "9 February – Peter Lalor, leader of the Eureka Stockade rebellion in Australia (born 1827).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1036067, 9833, 4689264, 12501509 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 24 ], [ 40, 55 ], [ 69, 78 ], [ 85, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "29 February – Richard Pigott, newspaper editor, suicide (born 1835.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4024685, 9779168 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 28 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "16 March – Hans Crocker, lawyer and Wisconsin politician (born 1815).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6001521, 33127, 10129365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 23 ], [ 36, 45 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "13 April – Thomas Lane, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1860 at the Taku Forts, China (born 1836).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1194679, 17491404, 1331963, 9994699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 22 ], [ 41, 55 ], [ 85, 95 ], [ 109, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "10 May – Edward Jennings, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at Lucknow, India (b. c.1820).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 880553, 17491404, 392095, 14533 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 24 ], [ 52, 66 ], [ 92, 99 ], [ 101, 106 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "31 May – Charles Lanyon, architect (born 1813 in England).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4160011, 8532823 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 23 ], [ 41, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "8 June – Gerard Manley Hopkins, Jesuit poet and scholar (born 1844 in England).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12523, 16083, 10479726 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 30 ], [ 32, 38 ], [ 62, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "19 July – Patrick Green, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at Delhi, India (born 1824).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1220610, 17491404, 37756, 14533, 9865100 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 23 ], [ 51, 65 ], [ 91, 96 ], [ 98, 103 ], [ 110, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "6 October – Hans Garrett Moore, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1877 at Komgha, South Africa (born 1830).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1223823, 17491404, 17416221, 12511288 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 30 ], [ 58, 72 ], [ 106, 118 ], [ 125, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "21 October – John Ball, politician, naturalist and Alpine traveller (born 1818).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 491777, 10077529 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 22 ], [ 74, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "18 November – William Allingham, poet and diarist (born 1824).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 231299, 9865100 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 31 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "29 November – Arthur Gerald Geoghegan, poet.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "7 December – John Tuigg, third Roman Catholic Bishop of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (born 1828).", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8905598, 606848, 4092, 25101, 9778688 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 23 ], [ 31, 45 ], [ 46, 52 ], [ 56, 80 ], [ 87, 91 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Full date unknown – Dr. Henry Hudson, magazine editor.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1889_in_Ireland", "1880s_in_Ireland", "Years_of_the_19th_century_in_Ireland", "1889_by_country", "1889_in_the_United_Kingdom" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Taverner may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " someone who owns a tavern", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 272204 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John le Taverner, MP for Bristol", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 68162605 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Taverner (c. 14901545), Renaissance English composer", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 295977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Tavener (1944–2013), English composer", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 190288 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard Taverner (15051575), author of a 16th-century translation of the Bible, Taverner's Bible", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 1305769 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Percy A. Taverner (18751947), Canadian ornithologist", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 1446101 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William J. Taverner, American sex educator", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 12386872 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Taverner (opera), a 1972 opera by Peter Maxwell Davies", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 9017621 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Taverner Research, Australian polling and market research company; see 2004 Australian federal election", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 456666 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 104 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Taverner Consort and Players, a period instrument ensemble, orchestra and chamber choir", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 1603335 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jason Taverner, the main character in Philip K. Dick's novel Flow My Tears, The Policeman Said", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 59692 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 95 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tavernier (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 870132 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] } ]

[ "Occupational_surnames" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Vladimir Ivanovich Savchenko (; ) was a Soviet Ukrainian science fiction writer and engineer.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 26779, 31750, 26787, 38223 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 46 ], [ 47, 56 ], [ 57, 72 ], [ 84, 92 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Born on February 15, 1933 in Poltava, he studied at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and was an electronics engineer. Savchenko, who wrote in Russian , published his first short stories in the late 1950s, and his first novel (Black Stars) in 1960. His works were often self-published. Savchenko also authored several texts about physics and engineering, including the article \"Sixteen New Formulas of Physics and Cosmology,\" which he considered to be his most important scientific text.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 38581, 1754336, 28923910, 25431, 28296, 51200 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 36 ], [ 56, 90 ], [ 102, 122 ], [ 148, 155 ], [ 178, 191 ], [ 275, 289 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As of today, Savchenko's works have been published in 29 countries and have been translated into many of the world's languages.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He was found dead on January 19, 2005, in Kyiv. He was 71 years old.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 585629 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savchenko was a graduate of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. He worked at the V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics in Kyiv.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 1754336, 3033116, 585629 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 66 ], [ 85, 98 ], [ 127, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "His first publication, \"Toward the Stars\" (1955), identified the author as an advocate of science fiction that was interested in exploring the heuristic potential of the personality. In 1956, Savchenko's story \"The Awakening of Professor Bern\" was published. Of publications in his native Ukrainian language, the most well-known is the story \"The Ghost of Time\" (1964).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 26787, 63452, 46279 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 90, 105 ], [ 143, 152 ], [ 289, 307 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the novel Black Stars, Savchenko investigated the boundaries of traditional science, putting forward original hypotheses. In particular, Savchenko's 1959 novel The Second Expedition to the Strange Planet (known in English as The Second Oddball Expedition) explored the political nuances revealed by contact with crystalline forms of life. Savchenko positioned himself as an adherent of the cybernetic view of society and the living organism, consistently developing different aspects of the process of self-discovery. After the 1967 publication of the novel Self-Discovery, in which Savchenko warned about the ethical problems involved in the creation of clones, Savchenko occupied the leading position in Soviet science fiction.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 20786042, 26779, 26787 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 393, 403 ], [ 709, 715 ], [ 716, 731 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1973, the twenty five-volume collection Library of Contemporary Fantastic Literature was published under the name Anthology, in which an abbreviated version of Savchenko's programmatic story \"The Trial of Truth\" appeared. The collection included the best publications of the largest and most popular science fiction authors of the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and France. In Savchenko's story, the protagonist, Dmitri Kaluzhnikov, makes a fundamental discovery that leads to the merging of Dmitri's individuality with an intelligent substance, with the ensuing catastrophic effect of the creation of a new Tunguska meteorite. The story became a cult text for an entire generation of young Soviet engineers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 26787, 3434750, 13530298, 15573, 5843419, 30669, 26779, 38223 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 303, 318 ], [ 334, 347 ], [ 349, 362 ], [ 364, 369 ], [ 375, 381 ], [ 617, 635 ], [ 700, 706 ], [ 707, 715 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the late period of his work, Savchenko focused on the biological side of the phenomenon of the Übermensch, as can be seen in the story \"Confused\" (1983). Also widely known is the novel Over the Pass (1984), which explored the Communist future of Earth.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 161594 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 98, 108 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On Wednesday, January 19, 2005, he was found dead in his apartment in Kyiv. Since 2005, the International Assembly of Fantastic Literature Authors, which convenes every year in Kyiv under the name \"Portal,\" has awarded a prize in Savchenko's name called \"Self-Discovery\" to works which shows a writer's qualitative growth.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 585629, 585629 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 74 ], [ 177, 181 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Prize at the Detgiz RSFSR contest for the novel Black Stars (1960, Moscow)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Literary Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 48757755 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Chumatskii Way\" prize for the story \"The Kidnappers' Essences\" (1989, Kyiv)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Literary Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Great Circle\" award for the novel Position in the Universe (1994)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Literary Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Philosopher's Stone Award\" (2002, \"Golden Bridge\" Fourth Festival of the Fantastic in Charkov, Ukraine)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Literary Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Aelita\" award for contribution to Russian-language fiction (2003)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Literary Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Black Stars (1956)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Second Expedition to the Strange Planet (1959)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Self-Discovery (1967)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Dead End (1972)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Meeters () (1980)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Success Algorithm (1983)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Over the Pass (1984)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Kidnappers' Essence (1988)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Position in the Universe (1992)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A Time of Great Negations (2002)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Semiconductors at Launch (1958) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Technology and Properties of Microelectronic Diode Rays (1965) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Sixteen new formulas of physics and cosmology. Universal correlation Field Activity (U-field), manifesting itself as universal communication variables and phenomena\" (1992)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "List of Works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Self-Discovery. New York, McMillan, 1979. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Available Publications in English", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Success Algorithm in New Soviet Science Fiction. New York, Collier Books, 1980. (hardcover) and (paperback)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Available Publications in English", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Mixed Up in Red Star Tales: A Century of Russian and Soviet Science Fiction. Montpelier, VT, RIS Publications, 2015. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Available Publications in English", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1933_births", "2005_deaths", "Electronics_engineers", "Writers_from_Kyiv", "Ukrainian_science_fiction_writers", "Soviet_science_fiction_writers", "Soviet_male_writers", "20th-century_male_writers", "Engineers_from_Kyiv" ]

[ "Volodymyr Ivanovych Savchenko", "Vladimir Ivanovich Savchenko" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The Verne High Angle Battery is a former 19th-century gun battery on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. Situated close to the Verne Citadel, the battery is Grade II Listed, and forms part of the citadel's scheduled monument status. The battery has become a tourist attraction, while the battery's tunnels are often referred to by their local name 'Ghost Tunnels'.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 351615, 249601, 37589, 9316, 1037406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 65 ], [ 73, 89 ], [ 93, 99 ], [ 101, 108 ], [ 132, 145 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The battery was built in 1892 to protect Portland Harbour. Having been constructed within a disused quarry, the battery's guns were hidden from enemy's view. The \"high angle\" that the RML 9 inch 12 ton guns fired at ensured shells dropped down to inflict maximum damage on the vulnerable upper decks of an enemy vessel. The guns were able to traverse through 360 degrees. The battery had positions were built for six guns. Two additional pits were soon added, but no guns were fitted. Shells were stored in two tunnel magazines, while between these was a troop shelter, laboratory and store buildings.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 524679, 23577114 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 57 ], [ 184, 205 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With the invention of smaller craft like torpedo boats, the guns were less likely to score a hit, resulting in the battery's decommissioning in 1906. From 1918, the battery was used for storing field guns from France and in the 1960s one of the emplacements was used for testing the capsules in which nuclear material was transported.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 31446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dorset's Coastal Defences. High Angle: first and second stage", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Victorian Forts data sheet", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Infrastructure_completed_in_1892", "Forts_in_Dorset", "Buildings_and_structures_in_Dorset", "19th-century_forts_in_England", "Isle_of_Portland", "Palmerston_Forts", "Coastal_artillery", "Grade_II_listed_buildings_in_Dorset", "Artillery_batteries" ]

[ "The Citadel, disused battery approximately 150 metres south east south of south entrance" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The Hebrew language uses the Hebrew alphabet with optional vowel diacritics. The romanization of Hebrew is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 13450, 13446, 752390, 18306, 30342 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 19 ], [ 29, 44 ], [ 59, 75 ], [ 122, 136 ], [ 140, 153 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For example, the Hebrew name spelled (\"Israel\") in the Hebrew alphabet can be romanized as or in the Latin alphabet.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Romanization includes any use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words. Usually, it is to identify a Hebrew word in a non-Hebrew language that uses the Latin alphabet, such as German, Spanish, Turkish, and so on. Transliteration uses an alphabet to represent the letters and sounds of a word spelled in another alphabet, whereas transcription uses an alphabet to represent the sounds only. Romanization can refer to either.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 173533, 11884, 26825, 29992, 30342, 35138426 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 187, 193 ], [ 195, 202 ], [ 204, 211 ], [ 224, 239 ], [ 340, 353 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "To go the other way, that is from English to Hebrew, see Hebraization of English. Both Hebraization of English and Romanization of Hebrew are forms of transliteration. Where these are formalized these are known as \"transliteration systems\", and, where only some words, not all, are transliterated, this is known as \"transliteration policy\".", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 17501002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Transliteration assumes two different script systems. The use of a French word in English without translation, such as \"bourgeois\", is not transliteration. The use of a Hindi word in English such as \"khaki\" (originally खाकी) is transliteration. Transliteration of a foreign word into another language is usually the exception to translation, and often occurs when there is something distinctive about the word in the original language, such as a double entendre, uniqueness, religious, cultural or political significance, or it may occur to add local flavor.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Transliteration", "target_page_ids": [ 23714788, 58031, 192398, 75810, 276898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 52 ], [ 120, 129 ], [ 200, 205 ], [ 446, 461 ], [ 463, 473 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the cases of Hebrew transliteration into English, many Hebrew words have a long history of transliteration, for example Amen, Satan, ephod, Urim and Thummim have traditionally been transliterated, not translated. These terms were in many cases also first transliterated into Greek and Latin before English.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Transliteration", "target_page_ids": [ 43508, 27694, 592455, 379458 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 123, 127 ], [ 129, 134 ], [ 136, 141 ], [ 143, 159 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Different publishers have different transliteration policies. For example ArtScroll publications generally transliterate more words relative to sources such as the Jewish Encyclopedia 1911, or Jewish Publication Society texts.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Transliteration", "target_page_ids": [ 142734, 225815, 2400603 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 74, 83 ], [ 164, 183 ], [ 193, 219 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There are various transliteration standards or systems for Hebrew-to-English; no one system has significant common usage across all fields. Consequently, in general usage there are often no hard and fast rules in Hebrew-to-English transliteration, and many transliterations are an approximation due to a lack of equivalence between the English and Hebrew alphabets. Conflicting systems of transliteration often appear in the same text, as certain Hebrew words tend to associate with certain traditions of transliteration. For example,", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Transliteration", "target_page_ids": [ 30342, 378194, 13446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 33 ], [ 336, 343 ], [ 348, 363 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "This text includes instances of the same word transliterated in different ways: The Hebrew word is transliterated as both Beith and Bet.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Transliteration", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "These discrepancies in transliterations of the same word can be traced to discrepancies in the transliterations of individual Hebrew letters, reflecting not only different traditions of transliteration into different languages that use Latin alphabets, but also the fact that different pronunciation styles exist for the same letters in Israel (e.g. mainstream secular pronunciations used in the media versus Mizrahi, Arab, or Orthodox Ashkenazi colloquial pronunciations). For example, Hanukkah and Chayyim are transliterated with different initial letter combinations, although in Hebrew both begin with the letter ; the use of \"ch\" reflects German / Yiddish influence and pronunciation, whereas the \"h\" or \"ḥ\" may indicate a softer pronunciation of as in ancient Hebrew, Judeo-Arabic or Mizrahi Hebrew. Similarly, the Hebrew letter is transliterated as th in the word Beith, s in the word talis, and t in the word Bet, even though it is the same letter in all three words in Hebrew. The Hebrew letter is transliterated as c in Isaac, k in Yitzchak, and q in Qehila. Finally, the Hebrew letter is transliterated variously as s (in Isaac), tz (in Yitzchak), and ts (in Tsfat), again reflecting different traditions of spelling or pronunciation. These inconsistencies make it more difficult for the non-Hebrew-speaking reader to recognize related word forms, or even to properly pronounce the Hebrew words thus transliterated.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Transliteration", "target_page_ids": [ 1769105, 1769105, 13450, 698285, 764733, 1769607, 763272, 148411, 763298, 1411510, 1384077 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 617, 617 ], [ 752, 752 ], [ 767, 773 ], [ 775, 787 ], [ 791, 805 ], [ 836, 836 ], [ 880, 881 ], [ 894, 899 ], [ 905, 906 ], [ 1006, 1006 ], [ 1099, 1099 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Early romanization of Hebrew occurred with the contact between the Romans and the Jews. It was influenced by earlier transliteration into the Greek language. For example, the name of the Roman province of Iudaea (63 BCE) was apparently derived from the Greek words (Iouda) and (Ioudaia). These words can be seen in Chapter 1 of Esdras (Ezra) in the Septuagint, a Hellenistic translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek. The Greek words in turn are transliterations of the Hebrew word (Yehuda) that we now know adapted in English as the names Judah, Judas and Jude.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Historic instances", "target_page_ids": [ 173533, 25816, 25955086, 30342, 11887, 1914645, 1582069, 27915, 455379, 30344, 39536435 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 18 ], [ 67, 73 ], [ 82, 85 ], [ 117, 132 ], [ 142, 156 ], [ 205, 211 ], [ 330, 336 ], [ 351, 361 ], [ 365, 376 ], [ 396, 408 ], [ 544, 549 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the 1st century, Satire 14 of Juvenal uses the Hebraic words sabbata, Iudaicum, and Moyses, apparently adopted from the Greek.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Historic instances", "target_page_ids": [ 15834 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 4th-century and 5th-century Latin translations of the Hebrew Bible romanize its proper names. The familiar Biblical names in English are derived from these romanizations. The Vulgate, of the early 5th century, is considered the first direct Latin translation of the Hebrew Bible. Apart from names, another term that the Vulgate romanizes is the technical term mamzer ().", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Historic instances", "target_page_ids": [ 30344, 32576, 49607, 1913023 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 58, 70 ], [ 179, 186 ], [ 349, 363 ], [ 364, 370 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With the rise of Zionism, some Jews promoted the use of romanization instead of Hebrew script in hopes of helping more people learn Hebrew. One such promoter was Ithamar Ben Yehuda, or Ittamar Ben Avi as he styled himself. His father Eliezer Ben Yehuda raised him to be the first modern native speaker of Hebrew. In 1927 Ben-Avi published the biography Avi in romanized Hebrew (now listed in the online catalog of the Jewish National and University Library). However, the innovation did not catch on.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Historic instances", "target_page_ids": [ 34484, 8304374, 486485, 7160586 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 24 ], [ 185, 200 ], [ 234, 252 ], [ 418, 456 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Political activist Ze'ev Jabotinsky, leader of Betar, and Chief Rabbi Kook, also expressed their support for the reform of Hebrew script using Latin letters.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Historic instances", "target_page_ids": [ 276326, 450438, 163565 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 35 ], [ 47, 52 ], [ 64, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Romanized Hebrew can be used to present Hebrew terminology or text to anyone who is not familiar with the Hebrew script. Many Jewish prayer books in the diaspora include supplementary romanization for some or all of the Hebrew-language congregational prayers.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Modern uses", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Romanized Hebrew is also used for Hebrew-language items in library catalogs and Hebrew-language place names on maps. In Israel, most catalogs and maps use the Hebrew script, but romanized maps are easily available and road signs include romanized names. Some Hebrew speakers use romanization to communicate when using internet systems that have poor support for the Hebrew alphabet. Frequently, Romanized Hebrew is also used in music scores, in part because music is written left-to-right and Hebrew is written right-to-left.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Modern uses", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Standard romanizations exist for these various purposes. However, non-standard romanization is widely seen, even on some Israeli street signs. The standards are not generally taught outside of their specific organizations and disciplines.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Modern uses", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Traditional, scholarly: ISO 259:1984; ISO 259-2:1994 (simplified); Society of Biblical Literature (SBL) Handbook of Style", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 3667586, 3667586, 2961355 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 31 ], [ 38, 47 ], [ 67, 97 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "National: for example:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Rules of Transcription: Romanization of Hebrew. Academy of the Hebrew Language, 1957. Updated and augmented with a simplified version, 2000. Replaced by a new system altogether in 2006.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 659223 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "DIN 31636, the German standard.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 55810208 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Standard of Poland «Polska Norma \"Transliteracja alfabetu hebrajskiego PN-74 / N-01211\"», similar to SBL.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bibliographic data: ANSI Z39.25-1975; ALA/LC Romanization Tables (1991) and their book Hebraica Cataloging (1987), with Encyclopaedia Judaica (1972–1993) as an authority on names and common terms. Library of Congress Authorities is an online database that records and sources the forms of subjects, names, and titles that the Library of Congress uses.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 491690, 18944081, 867520 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 41 ], [ 42, 44 ], [ 120, 141 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Geographic names: BGN/PCGN 1962 (US and UK), approximately equivalent to UNGEGN 1977 (United Nations), as both are based on the Academy of the Hebrew Language recommendations. However, BGN provides more and somewhat different specific recommendations. The GEONet Names Server is an authoritative online database that lists BGN names and assists with font character availability and conventional forms of names.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 435795, 27599179 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 21 ], [ 73, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Phonemic: 1999 (not an adopted standard)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 3667586 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The following table is a breakdown of each letter in the Hebrew alphabet, describing its name or names, and its Latin script transliteration values used in academic work. If two glyphs are shown for a consonant, then the left-most glyph is the final form of the letter (or right-most glyph if your browser doesn't support right-to-left text layout). The conventions here are ISO 259, the UNGEGN system based on the old-fashioned Hebrew Academy system, and the modern common informal Israeli transcription. In addition, an International Phonetic Alphabet pronunciation is indicatedhistorical (Tiberian vocalization) for ISO 259, prescribed for Hebrew Academy, and in practice for Israeli. For the vowels further down, the letters ח and ט are used as symbolic anchors for vowel symbols, but should otherwise be ignored.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 6683766, 30342, 3667586, 9282173, 14761, 763178 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 112, 124 ], [ 125, 140 ], [ 375, 382 ], [ 483, 489 ], [ 522, 553 ], [ 592, 613 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For the letters with dagesh in ISO 259 Classical Hebrew and by the Hebrew Academy standard, they are transcribed as single graphemes (b g d k p t) at the beginnings of words, after other consonants, and after shewa ְ or ẖatafim ֱ ֲ ֳ. In almost every other situation, they are transcribed as double letters (bb gg dd kk pp tt). This does not apply to common Israeli Hebrew transliteration, where there are no double consonants.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 402928, 6699175 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 28 ], [ 210, 215 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The letters at the ends of words without additional niqqud are silent and not transliterated. The letter at the end of a word with ẖolam ֹ is also silent and not transliterated. The letter at the end of a word after ẖiriq ִ is also silent and not transliterated. The situation of the letter at the end of a word after ẕere ֵ or seggol ֶ is more complicated, as they are silent in Classical Hebrew and in Hebrew Academy prescription and not transliterated in those systems, but they form diphthongs (ei) in Israeli Hebrewsee the vowels and diphthongs sections further down. In any event, the shewa naẖ is placed between two adjacent consonants in all situations; if there is not even a shewa naẖ between consonants, then the first of the two consonants is silent and not transliteratedthis is usually one of , but even occasionally and rarely (in the name Issachar) are encountered silent in this fashion. In Israeli Hebrew transcription, a vowel before yud at the end of a word or before yud then shewa naẖ inside a word, is transcribed as a diphthong (ai oi ui)see the diphthongs section further down.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 752390, 463709 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 59 ], [ 862, 870 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Classical Hebrew transliteration, vowels can be long (gāḏōl), short (qāṭān) or ultra short (ḥăṭep̄), and are transliterated as such. Ultra short vowels are always one of šəwā nāʻ ְ, ḥăṭep̄ səḡōl ֱ, ḥăṭep̄ páṯaḥ ֲ or ḥăṭep̄ qāmeṣ ֳ. Šəwā ְ is always always šəwā nāʻ (pronounced) if it's immediately after the word's first consonant, or after a consonant after a long vowel and before another pronounced consonantotherwise, šəwā is realized as šəwā nāḥ (silent). The vowels ṣērē ֵ and ḥōlem ֹ are always long in all situations. The vowels ḥīreq ִ, səḡōl ֶ, páṯaḥ ַ, qāmeṣ ָ, qibbūṣ ֻ and šūreq are always long if they are the stressed syllable, or if they are in a syllable before only one consonant and another vowel, and in these cases they are transliterated as long. If they are unstressed and before a double consonant or a consonant cluster, or in the word's final unstressed syllable, then they are always short and transliterated as short. But if a vowel carries an accent ֫ or a meteg ֽ, then it is always longa meteg in particular is often used in places where a vowel is long but not necessarily the word's stressed syllable. Lastly, there are exceptional circumstances when long vowelseven ṣērē and ḥōlemmay not force a following šəwā to become šəwā nāʻ, including for example names such as Gēršōm (not Gērəšōm as it might seem), Bēlšaṣṣạr (not Bēləšaṣṣạr) and Ṣīqlạḡ (not Ṣīqəlạḡ). Some of these seem to be learned exceptions, and most words under the same circumstances have šəwā nāʻ as expected, such as Nāṣərạṯ (not Nāṣrạṯ). (This is all moot in Israeli Hebrew, where, as already mentioned, shva nach tends to opportunistically replace shva na where comfortable, so is Natzrat not Natzerat, etc.)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [ 330216, 173632, 68808, 21702, 6699175, 6699175 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1306, 1312 ], [ 1346, 1355 ], [ 1378, 1384 ], [ 1525, 1532 ], [ 1613, 1622 ], [ 1658, 1665 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For the vowel qamaẕ ָ, whether the vowel is long or short in Classical Hebrew affects the pronunciation in Academy or Israeli Hebrew, even though vowel length is not phonemic in those systems, and the difference is transliterated accordingly. Qamaẕ qatan when short is /o/, except when at the end of a word when not before a final consonant, in which case it is /a/. Qamaẕ gadol is usually /a/, but in rare situations in Classical Hebrew it can be treated as a long open /ọ/, which although pronounced identically to /ā/ (both were ), this a/o distinction is clearly made in the pronunciation of Academy and Israeli Hebrew, and is thus transliterated.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "If any word ends with one of , then the vowel pataẖ is pronounced before the consonant, not after as it is written, and so the transliterated sequence is , , , etc.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In certain rare words that are meant to begin with two consecutive consonants even in Classical Hebrew, an invisible səḡōl qāṭān vowel is pronounced before the two consonants in Classical Hebrew and is so transcribed, because Classical words may not begin with more than one consonant. This rule does not apply to Academy and Israeli Hebrew, where consonant clusters are more tolerated. For example, the word (\"two\") would appear as štáyim, but is actually ʼeštáyim. However, it remains simply shtayim in Academy and Israeli Hebrew.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2006, the Hebrew Academy replaced their 1953 transliteration rules with new rules, and these were adopted as a United Nations standard in 2007. , migration to the new transliteration standard is still underway, and many signs and documents still use the 1953 conventions. The new 2006 rules attempt to more closely follow Israeli Hebrew vowel habits (such as the collapse of many shva na), but stop short of adopting most of the informal transliteration patterns. It still transliterates the diphthong as , and it still transliterates separate and in all cases. It is unspecific about rules governing the transliteration of phonemes not traditionally native to Hebrew.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Standards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Different purposes call for different choices of romanization. One extreme is to make a phonetic transcription of one person's speech on one occasion.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transcription vs. transliteration", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In Israel, a pronunciation known as General Israeli Hebrew or Standard Hebrew is widely used and documented. For Israeli speech and text where linguistic groups are not at issue, romanization can use a phonetic transcription according to Standard Hebrew pronunciation. However, there are many Israeli groups with differing pronunciations of Hebrew and differing social priorities.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transcription vs. transliteration", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "An attempt to devise a more general system of romanization is complicated by the long and varied history of the Hebrew language. Most Hebrew texts can be appropriately pronounced according to several different systems of pronunciation, both traditional and modern. Even today, it is customary to write Hebrew using only consonants and matres lectionis. There was no way to indicate vowels clearly in Hebrew writing until the time of the Second Temple. Since an earlier time, multiple geographically separated communities have used Hebrew as a language of literature rather than conversation.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transcription vs. transliteration", "target_page_ids": [ 19026, 69308 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 335, 351 ], [ 437, 450 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "One system of assigning and indicating pronunciation in Hebrew, the Tiberian vocalization, is broadly authoritative for Hebrew text since the end of the Second Temple period (Sáenz-Badillos, page xi). It is possible to accommodate the pronunciations of different communities by transliterating the Tiberian vocalization without attempting to transcribe a specific phonetic pronunciation.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transcription vs. transliteration", "target_page_ids": [ 763178 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 68, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Notable varieties of Hebrew for which Tiberian vocalization is not suitable are the Hebrew of the Qumran community (as known from the Dead Sea Scrolls) and of the Samaritans. For romanizations of Samaritan pronunciation, it is advisable to take quotations directly from a Samaritan edition of the Hebrew Bible, which has approximately 6,000 textual variations from Jewish editions.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transcription vs. transliteration", "target_page_ids": [ 77712, 28179 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 134, 150 ], [ 163, 172 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "It is appropriate to focus only on the consonantal spelling when discussing unusually structured words from ancient or medieval works.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Transcription vs. transliteration", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Tiberian vocalization was devised in order to add indications of pronunciation to the consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible, without changing the consonantal text. It was intended for experts in Biblical Hebrew grammar and morphology.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Transliterations usually avoid the typographically complex marks that are used in Tiberian vocalization. They also attempt to indicate vowels and syllables more explicitly than Tiberian vocalization does. Therefore a technical transliteration requires the use of Tiberian principles, as mentioned below, rather than simply representing the Tiberian symbols. Many transliteration standards require a thorough knowledge of these principles, yet they usually do not provide practical details.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " There are seven basic vowels.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " A vowel may be long, short, or ultrashort.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The vowel \"shva\" may be sounded (shva na) or silent (shva nach).", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Consonants that have been used historically to indicate vowels, the \"matres lectionis\", are no substitute for proper vowel marks.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The vowel \"kamets\" may have its usual sound (kamets gadol – long \"a\") or a different sound (kamets katan – short \"o\").", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Six consonants (beth, gimel, daleth, kaph, pe, and tav) can be hard or soft. To be specific, they are pronounced either as stops or fricatives (\"spirantized\"). For example, the letter bet can be pronounced as \"b\" or \"v\". Tiberian vocalization marks a hard consonant with a dagesh kal (in the Hebrew term) or lene (Latin). A soft consonant lacks a dagesh kal, and is sometimes explicitly marked using rafe, an overbar. Transliterations sometimes also use an overbar or underbar to mark a soft consonant. (In Modern Sephardic Hebrew, however, only three consonants—bet, kaph, and pe—retain the hard–soft distinction. In the Ashkenazic style of pronunciation, the soft tav is sounded as \"s\".)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [ 29480, 11762, 402928, 13577737 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 124, 129 ], [ 133, 143 ], [ 274, 280 ], [ 401, 405 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A letter that looks like shin may be that letter (when marked with a shin dot) or the letter sin (when marked with a sin dot).", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Most consonants can undergo gemination. Tiberian vocalization marks gemination with a dagesh hazak (in the Hebrew term) or forte (Latin), which looks the same as dagesh kal.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [ 752720 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A consonant that is normally silent (most often he) may be sounded if it is a root consonant or possessive ending. Tiberian vocalization marks such a consonant using a mapiq, which looks like a dagesh.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " A silent vav may be used to hold a holem vowel, but sometimes a vav with holem has consonant value.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Use of Tiberian principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A further complication is that the Roman alphabet does not have as many letters for certain sounds found in the Hebrew alphabet, and sometimes no letter at all. Some romanizations resolve this problem using additional non-Tiberian principles:", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Additional transliteration principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The two letters that represent a stop may be written using the forward and backward quote marks, or similar marks.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Additional transliteration principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Certain consonants are considered \"emphatic\" (the consonants ט צ ק ח ע), due to being pronounced traditionally toward the back of the mouth. They may be transliterated distinctively by using an underdot.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Additional transliteration principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The letter \"vav\" (ו) was once pronounced like English \"w\", in contrast to its current pronunciation identical to the letter \"vet\" (the soft letter ב).", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Additional transliteration principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The Karmeli transcription (see link at bottom of page) creates additional letters based on similar Hebrew or Cyrillic letters to represent the sounds that lack Roman letters.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Additional transliteration principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Finally, for ease of reading it is common to apply certain principles foreign to Hebrew:", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Additional transliteration principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Use a hyphen between common prefixes or suffixes and a romanized word.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Additional transliteration principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Capitalize the first letter of a proper name, but not its prefixes.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Additional transliteration principles", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Anglicisation", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 419808 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hebraization of English", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 17501002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "IPA/Hebrew", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Other alphabets in Morse code", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 17878606 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Romanization of Arabic", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2209490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Romanization of Yiddish", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 4306376 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Bibliography", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Excellent, lively summary of issues and options for transliteration of Hebrew.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The entire Hebrew bible transliterated in two different formats, Matthew Anstey", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Transliteration between Hebrew and Standard English or ISO 259", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Hebrish or Engbrew\", Talya Halkin in The Jerusalem Post (July 6, 2006).", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " United Nations romanization of Hebrew", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " ALA/LC romanization of Hebrew", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Library of Congress Authorities", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Society of Biblical Literature, SBL Handbook of Style 2nd edition (archived), SBL Handbook of Style 2nd edition, Student Supplement for the SBL Handbook of Style, Second edition.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Transliterated text of the Torah and all Haftarot are available from based on Sephardi pronunciation.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 30343, 632362, 150185 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 33 ], [ 42, 50 ], [ 80, 88 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Karmeli Alphabet (Romanization developed in Israel that uses extra invented letters).", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Automatic Hebrew-To-English Transliteration", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Romanization", "Hebrew_language", "Hebrew_alphabet" ]

[ "romanisation of Hebrew" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Archery at the 1980 Summer Olympics was held at the archery field, located at the Krylatskoye Olympic Sports Centre (Krylatskoye district, Moscow). The archery schedule began on 30 July and ended on 2 August. Points were in a format called the double FITA round, which included 288 arrows shot over four days at four different distances: 70 meters, 60 meters, 50 meters, 30 meters for women; 90 meters, 70 meters, 50 meters, 30 meters for men.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2007, 82785, 19004, 956980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 7 ], [ 15, 35 ], [ 139, 145 ], [ 251, 255 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Archery at the 1979 Pan American Games", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 22274894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 39 ] ] } ]

[ "Archery_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics", "Archery_at_the_Summer_Olympics", "1980_Summer_Olympics_events", "1980_in_archery" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Saint Ida of Herzfeld (c. 770 – 4 September 825) was the widow of a Saxon duke who devoted her life to the poor following the death of her husband in 811. Her feast day is September 4.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "While there is disagreement as to her precise parentage, it is generally agreed that she was closely related to the Carolingians. Sabine Baring-Gould says she was the grand-daughter of Bernard, son of Charles Martel and his wife Gundlindis. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Life", "target_page_ids": [ 27557, 3720779 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 130, 149 ], [ 185, 215 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The daughter of a count, Ida received her education at the court of Charlemagne, who gave her in marriage to a favourite lord of his court, named Egbert, and bestowed on her a great fortune in estates to recompense her father's services. It was an apparently happy marriage.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Life", "target_page_ids": [ 5314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 68, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Her Life is sometimes quoted in support of the proposition that sexual congress within the institution of marriage reflects spiritual unities as well:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "At the moment when the two are united in one flesh, there is present in them a single and similar operation of the Holy Spirit: when they are linked together in each other's arms in an external unity, which is to say, a physical unity, this indivisible action of the Holy Spirit inflames them with a powerful interior love directed towards celestial realities.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Together they built the church of Herzfeld, Westphalia, sometimes recorded as Hirutveldun.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Life", "target_page_ids": [ 33165 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "She was reportedly the mother of Warin, the abbot of Corvey from 826 to 856, Count Cobbo the Elder, and Addila or Mathilde, the abbess of Herzfeld. She was left a widow at a young age. The available biographies of Saint Ida report that her husband died in 811.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Life", "target_page_ids": [ 1301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 128, 134 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He was buried on the south side of the Herzfeld church. She then built a portico over his grave, where she lived a life devoted to prayer and works of charity. Among her reported acts of kindness were filling a stone coffin with food each day, then giving it to the poor; she reportedly founded the church at Hovestadt, Westphalia.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Life", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Ida died 4 September 825 and was buried at the church in Herzfeld, which became the first pilgrimage site in Westphalia. In 2011 the pilgrim Church of St. Ida in Herzfeld (Lippetal) was designated a minor basilica. In Herzfeld, the folk festival of \"Ida Week\" is held every year in September in memory of the saint. During the week, the bones of the saints are carried through the village in a solemn procession; then the \"Ida Blessing\" is granted.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Veneration", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Vita sanctae Idae Hertzfeldensis written in 980, by the monk Uffing of the Abbey of Werden, focuses on her exemplary life, including suffering endured in divine trust. She was canonized on 26 November 980.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Veneration", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Saint Ida is the patron saint of pregnant women, brides and widows, the poor and the weak.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Veneration", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "She is frequently depicted either as carrying a church or with a dove hovering over her head. During the 32-year war between the Saxons and the Franks, Ida extended her protection to the Saxons in their. The deer with which Ida is often portrayed represents the Saxons, who are besieged by the Franks. Even today the deer is in the coat of arms of Herzfeld.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Veneration", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "8th-century_births", "825_deaths", "8th-century_Saxon_people", "9th-century_Saxon_people", "Saints_of_the_Carolingian_Empire", "Women_of_the_Carolingian_Empire", "Female_saints_of_medieval_Germany", "Medieval_German_saints", "Saxon_women" ]

[ "Ida des Francs" ]

[ { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IV was the fourth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on March 27, 1988, at the Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The announced attendance of the event was 19,199, drawing a 6.5 buyrate on PPV.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 24864, 101733, 47146440, 62676, 1645972, 106211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 50 ], [ 51, 73 ], [ 74, 86 ], [ 93, 98 ], [ 115, 141 ], [ 198, 236 ], [ 240, 265 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The main event featured the finals of a one-night, 14-man single-elimination tournament for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, in which Randy Savage defeated Ted DiBiase to win the vacant title. The main matches on the undercard were a twenty-man battle royal won by Bad News Brown, Demolition (Ax and Smash) versus Strike Force (Tito Santana and Rick Martel) for the WWF Tag Team Championship, and Brutus Beefcake versus The Honky Tonk Man for the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 3451624, 630463, 552897, 344293, 16704555, 5745349, 1765684, 1589965, 1916138, 576942, 3010239, 1604392, 1690731, 985535, 38293140, 692713, 722875 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 14 ], [ 51, 87 ], [ 96, 130 ], [ 141, 153 ], [ 163, 174 ], [ 224, 233 ], [ 252, 264 ], [ 272, 286 ], [ 288, 298 ], [ 300, 302 ], [ 307, 312 ], [ 321, 333 ], [ 335, 347 ], [ 352, 363 ], [ 373, 398 ], [ 404, 419 ], [ 427, 445 ], [ 454, 499 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania is considered the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) flagship pay-per-view (PPV) event, having first been held in 1985. It is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. WrestleMania IV was scheduled to be held on March 27, 1988, at the Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. This event was advertised as being held at the Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino, but taking place across the road at Convention Hall and sponsored by Donald Trump.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 62676, 101733, 896839, 1645972, 106211, 21648, 5711799, 4848272 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 31, 57 ], [ 84, 96 ], [ 136, 140 ], [ 261, 299 ], [ 303, 316 ], [ 318, 328 ], [ 377, 405 ], [ 476, 488 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Much of the promotion of the event featured the continued rivalry of André the Giant and Hulk Hogan, who had faced off in the previous edition's main event. This took place inside of a single elimination fourteen-man tournament for the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship. The event was broadcast across closed circuit television to 175,000 homes, and also on PPV.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 2575, 301775, 896863, 939680, 630463, 87179 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 69, 84 ], [ 89, 99 ], [ 126, 155 ], [ 185, 203 ], [ 243, 277 ], [ 310, 335 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IV featured a card, which contained matches that involved wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed either a villainous or fan favorite gimmick as they followed a series of events which generally built tension, leading to a wrestling match. The name of a wrestler's character was not always the person's birth name, as wrestlers often use a stage name to portray their character. As a narrative, events are usually pre-planned in order to promote a show or match. The main plotline for the event featured a fourteen-man tournament, including a rematch of WrestleMania III's main event.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 3830968, 84091, 74973, 255991, 557664, 557667, 2037726, 53412, 896863 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 31 ], [ 99, 107 ], [ 115, 120 ], [ 125, 135 ], [ 166, 176 ], [ 180, 192 ], [ 361, 371 ], [ 398, 408 ], [ 612, 628 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The most heavily promoted feud heading into the event was between Hulk Hogan and André the Giant, similar to the year before when the two met at WrestleMania III. In January 1987, Hogan was awarded a trophy for his third year as WWF World Heavyweight Champion, while Hogan's on-screen friend André was awarded a smaller trophy than Hogan's for being undefeated in the WWF for the previous fifteen years. Hogan congratulated André over winning the award, but André exited the arena before Hogan's speech was finished. In February, on an episode of Piper's Pit, André announced his new manager, Bobby Heenan, Hogan's longtime on-screen rival. Hogan asked André to leave Heenan, to which André refused. André then challenged Hogan to a WWF World Heavyweight Championship match at WrestleMania III, before ripping off Hogan's Hulkamania shirt and golden cross necklace, turning from an on-screen hero to villain (heel). At WrestleMania III Hogan defeated André to retain the title. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 639004, 301775, 2575, 896863, 630463, 405184, 1211198, 1453397, 896863, 3830968, 557664 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 30 ], [ 66, 76 ], [ 81, 96 ], [ 145, 161 ], [ 229, 259 ], [ 547, 558 ], [ 584, 591 ], [ 593, 605 ], [ 777, 793 ], [ 866, 873 ], [ 909, 913 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "At the first Survivor Series in November 1987, André along with team members One Man Gang, King Kong Bundy, Butch Reed and Rick Rude defeated Hogan, Paul Orndorff, Don Muraco, Ken Patera and Bam Bam Bigelow in a traditional Survivor Series match. Shortly after Survivor Series, during Hogan's WWF World Heavyweight Championship defense against Bundy, André sneak-attacked Hogan, applying a chokehold. Heel character Ted DiBiase, who was portrayed as \"The Million Dollar Man\", an evil millionaire, offered Hogan a large sum of money to sell DiBiase the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, to which Hogan refused. At the first Royal Rumble in January 1988, Hogan and André had an official contract signing for a WWF World Heavyweight Championship rematch. Their rematch took place on The Main Event I in February, where André defeated Hogan with a dusty finish. André won the match when referee Dave Hebner's identical twin Earl Hebner made the decision. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 5943044, 1766555, 1087501, 1897332, 1156120, 1683451, 1613426, 1690842, 1870317, 848251, 344293, 232791, 5813145, 516902, 3830968, 3415208, 674490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 28 ], [ 77, 89 ], [ 91, 106 ], [ 108, 118 ], [ 123, 132 ], [ 149, 162 ], [ 164, 174 ], [ 176, 186 ], [ 191, 206 ], [ 224, 245 ], [ 416, 427 ], [ 437, 446 ], [ 615, 637 ], [ 782, 798 ], [ 846, 858 ], [ 893, 904 ], [ 922, 933 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shortly after being awarded the championship, André kayfabe sold the title to DiBiase. Whilst André's championship reign is recognized by the WWF, DiBiase was stripped of the title. Plotwise, WWF President Jack Tunney vacated the title due to it having not been won in a sanctioned match and ordered it to be decided in a single elimination 14-man tournament at WrestleMania IV. As previous champions, André and Hogan received byes to the second round of the tournament, but faced each other in their second-round matchup.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 11145758, 2937761, 939680, 4937455 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 59 ], [ 206, 217 ], [ 322, 340 ], [ 427, 430 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hogan formed an unlikely alliance with a former enemy and top challenger to his WWF World Heavyweight Championship, Randy \"Macho Man\" Savage (which was later known as the Mega Powers). Savage had been portrayed as an egomaniacal heel during most of his first two years in the WWF, but in the late summer of 1987 began to slowly turn face. Their on-screen friendship, then, was formed when Hogan (at the persuasion of Savage's valet, Miss Elizabeth) intervened when Savage was being attacked by The Honky Tonk Man and the Hart Foundation in an angle. Although Hogan and Savage teamed together at un-televised house shows, nothing more was made of it on national television until shortly before WrestleMania IV, when Hogan rescued Savage a similar angle featuring Andre, DiBiase and Virgil.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 552897, 1957627, 10064195, 259765, 692713, 30873010, 3830968, 2052947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 116, 140 ], [ 171, 182 ], [ 217, 228 ], [ 433, 447 ], [ 494, 512 ], [ 517, 536 ], [ 543, 548 ], [ 781, 787 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lower on the card, Brutus Beefcake was challenging for the WWF Intercontinental Championship, held by The Honky Tonk Man. Beefcake - who had the gimmick of a haircutter who regularly cut wrestler's hair after matches – had previous experience of Honky having tagged previously - had vowed: \"to cut his ducktail hair.\" Honky, meanwhile, was portrayed as a cowardly champion, frequently relying on outside interference from manager Jimmy Hart or on-screen girlfriend Peggy Sue to win matches, or intentionally getting himself counted out or disqualified to retain his championship with the champions advantage.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 38293140, 722875, 692713, 932277, 692665, 1210702, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 34 ], [ 59, 92 ], [ 102, 120 ], [ 302, 310 ], [ 430, 440 ], [ 465, 474 ], [ 588, 607 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Having debuted the year previously, in his first major feud, The Ultimate Warrior began battling with Hercules over which character was the stronger, gladiatorial-style superstar was in the WWF. During a match on WWF television, Hercules attacked Warrior with his steel chain after a chain match in an angle. The British Bulldogs and The Islanders had feuded since the late fall of 1987. The Islanders took the Bulldogs' mascot, Matilda the bulldog, from ringside. Bobby Heenan, manager of the Islanders commented on the legality of having animals at ringside rather than official managers. This included a remark on Koko B. Ware's macaw who accompanied him to ringside. This led to a Six-man tag team match with manager Heenan tagging with the Islanders against the Bulldogs and Ware.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 684397, 1156111, 63995, 2081221, 3076178, 159908, 242068, 1690744, 62263, 6776545 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 81 ], [ 102, 110 ], [ 284, 295 ], [ 309, 329 ], [ 334, 347 ], [ 421, 427 ], [ 441, 448 ], [ 617, 629 ], [ 632, 637 ], [ 685, 707 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IV's coverage began with Gladys Knight singing a rendition of \"America the Beautiful\". The first match of the pay-per-view event was a twenty-man over the top rope battle royal. The winner of the match would receive a trophy. After fourteen eliminations, the final six participants were Bad News Brown, Bret Hart, Paul Roma, Harley Race, Jacques Rougeau, and Junkyard Dog.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 165909, 651, 5745349, 1765684, 303089, 1690789, 1518377, 690244, 1671674 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 51 ], [ 76, 97 ], [ 177, 189 ], [ 300, 314 ], [ 316, 325 ], [ 327, 336 ], [ 338, 349 ], [ 351, 366 ], [ 372, 384 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Race hit a back body drop on Rougeau sending him over the top rope before Junkyard Dog punched him over the top rope. Brown eliminated Roma as Junkyard Dog was left to battle Hart and Brown. The duo double teamed Dog before Brown attempted a clothesline on Dog but hit Hart instead. Junkyard Dog hit both men with several headbutts before they both decided to cooperate and they eliminated Junkyard Dog. After eliminating Dog, Hart indicated that he and Brown would share the trophy; however, Brown caught Hart with his Ghetto Blaster before eliminating him over the top rope to win the battle royal. Brown was presented with the trophy, but Hart interrupted and hit Brown with the trophy. Hart and partner Jim Neidhart later turned babyface over the next few months.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 467964, 509403, 3989174, 1033826, 1325265, 1033826, 3830968, 557667 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 25 ], [ 87, 92 ], [ 199, 210 ], [ 242, 253 ], [ 322, 330 ], [ 520, 534 ], [ 726, 730 ], [ 733, 741 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before the fourteen-man tournament for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship began, Robin Leach from the TV show \"Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous\" outlined the background for the tournament, and how the championship was vacated. As former champions, André the Giant and Hulk Hogan were given a bye and had directly qualified for the next round. In the first round, \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase (with bodyguard Virgil and André the Giant) defeated \"Hacksaw\" Jim Duggan by pinfall. \"The Rock\" Don Muraco (with Superstar Billy Graham) defeated Dino Bravo (with Frenchy Martin) by disqualification after Bravo pulled the referee in front of him, causing the referee to be hit by a flying forearm from Muraco.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 3451624, 630463, 1000243, 855350, 2575, 301775, 344293, 2052947, 1596654, 1613426, 690034, 1666380, 3076346 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 34 ], [ 43, 77 ], [ 85, 96 ], [ 115, 148 ], [ 253, 268 ], [ 273, 283 ], [ 368, 404 ], [ 421, 427 ], [ 458, 478 ], [ 491, 512 ], [ 519, 541 ], [ 552, 562 ], [ 569, 583 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Macho Man\" Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) defeated \"The Natural\" Butch Reed (with Slick), Greg \"The Hammer\" Valentine (with \"The Mouth of the South\" Jimmy Hart) defeated Ricky \"The Dragon\" Steamboat, the One Man Gang (with Slick) defeated Bam Bam Bigelow (with Oliver Humperdink), and \"Ravishing\" Rick Rude (with Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan) fought Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts to a time limit draw. The winners of these matches advanced to the quarterfinals. As Rude and Roberts tied, they were both eliminated from the tournament, thereby giving the One Man Gang a bye into the semifinals.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 552897, 259765, 1897332, 3072577, 690225, 692665, 690226, 1766555, 1870317, 2012783, 1156120, 1453397, 1151130 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 24 ], [ 31, 45 ], [ 56, 80 ], [ 87, 92 ], [ 95, 122 ], [ 129, 164 ], [ 175, 203 ], [ 209, 221 ], [ 244, 259 ], [ 266, 283 ], [ 290, 311 ], [ 318, 342 ], [ 351, 375 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In his PPV debut, The Ultimate Warrior faced Hercules. The pair locked up with Warrior chopping Hercules in the corner. Hercules fought back as he hit two clotheslines on Warrior, who no-sold them before a third from Hercules took Warrior off his feet. Warrior then countered a Hercules clothesline and hit a clothesline of his own. In the corner, Warrior hit him with ten punches, but while Warrior was looking at the referee, Hercules hit an inverted atomic drop. He then tried to apply his finishing move, a full-nelson but could not lock his fingers behind Warriors head. Warrior then pushed his feet off the top turnbuckle and both men fell to the mat with both men being pinned. Warrior lifted a shoulder before the end of the count, awarding Warrior the win.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 684397, 1156111, 1033826, 1033826, 3830968, 509403, 467964, 1588656 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 38 ], [ 45, 53 ], [ 87, 95 ], [ 155, 166 ], [ 184, 191 ], [ 373, 378 ], [ 444, 464 ], [ 493, 507 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first of three quarterfinals saw Hulk Hogan take on André the Giant. During the match, Hogan hit André with a chair in front of referee Joey Marella. André retaliated, grabbing the chair and hitting Hogan. After both men hit each other with the chair, they both were disqualified by Marella and, as a result, were eliminated from the tournament.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 5534832, 2312236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 132, 139 ], [ 140, 152 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The second quarterfinal saw Ted DiBiase (without either André or Virgil after Virgil had been Suplexed in the aisle by Hulk Hogan) defeat Don Muraco by pinfall. With both André and Hogan disqualified, DiBiase got a bye to the final. The third quarterfinal saw Randy Savage defeat Greg Valentine also by pinfall. As One Man Gang had received a bye in the quarter-finals due to Rick Rude and Jake Roberts having wrestled to a time limit draw in the first round Gang faced Savage in the semi-finals.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 640399 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 94, 100 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Brutus \"The Barber\" Beefcake fought WWF Intercontinental Champion The Honky Tonk Man for the Intercontinental championship. Early in the match, Beefcake connected with an atomic drop at the outset of the matchup. Beefcake then hit Honky with a high knee, before missing an elbow drop on Honky, who took control with a second turnbuckle fist drop. Honky went for his Swinging neckbreaker called Shake, Rattle & Roll on Beefcake but instead Beefcake kneed him in the face. Beefcake put Honky in a sleeper hold. With Beefcake in charge of the match, Honky's manager Jimmy Hart hit the referee with his megaphone. The bell didn't ring but it was announced that Beefcake won by disqualification, which meant that Honky was still the champion. Post-match, with Honky Tonk apparently knocked out in the ring, Beefcake cut the hair of Hart with his barber shears.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 38293140, 722875, 692713, 467964, 1033826, 1033826, 994264, 2169584, 211684, 24864, 44071731 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 28 ], [ 36, 65 ], [ 66, 84 ], [ 171, 182 ], [ 244, 253 ], [ 273, 283 ], [ 318, 345 ], [ 366, 386 ], [ 599, 608 ], [ 673, 689 ], [ 848, 854 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Islanders (Haku and Tama) and manager Bobby Heenan took on The British Bulldogs (Davey Boy Smith and Dynamite Kid) and Koko B. Ware in a six-man tag team match. Dynamite and Tama started the match with Dynamite catapulting Tama over the top rope. Smith tagged in but missed an elbow drop on Tama, allowing Tama to tag Haku. Smith hit a flying crossbody on Haku for a near-fall. Haku hit an arm wrench and tagged Tama. Tama grabbed Smith's arm and came out of it with a military press slam. Tama tagged in Haku who put Davey in a backbreaker but Smith flipped out of it and tagged in Koko. He hit Haku with a missile dropkick and a Frankensteiner. Dynamite tagged in and clotheslined Haku before ran into Haku's boot. As a cowardly manager, Heenan tagged and stomped Dynamite before quickly tagging out to Tama. Tama hit a back body drop on Dynamite but missed a big splash to allow Dynamite to tag Koko whilst Tama tagged Haku. Both members of the Islanders squared up to Koko prompting the Bulldogs to enter the ring. All six men brawled in the ring before being separated by the referee, who ordered the Bulldogs into their corner. The Islanders used this distraction to pick up Heenan and throw him onto Koko, leading to a pinfall victory.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 3076178, 1695459, 2204383, 1453397, 2081221, 690262, 1229359, 1690744, 467964, 1033826, 994264, 3830968, 467964, 2118603, 1658766, 467964, 467964, 1033826 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 15, 19 ], [ 24, 28 ], [ 42, 54 ], [ 63, 83 ], [ 85, 100 ], [ 105, 117 ], [ 123, 135 ], [ 215, 223 ], [ 281, 291 ], [ 340, 356 ], [ 371, 380 ], [ 473, 492 ], [ 533, 544 ], [ 612, 628 ], [ 635, 649 ], [ 826, 840 ], [ 866, 876 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Next, Randy Savage faced One Man Gang for a place in the final of the tournament. Ted DiBiase had already received a bye in the semi-finals due to the double disqualification of Hulk Hogan and André the Giant and met the victor. Savage hit a hotshot on the One Man Gang, but Gang quickly took control of the match. Gang attempted a 747 splash, but missed after Savage dodged and later fell to the outside as Savage connected with a diving double axe handle. Savage then went for a scoop slam which failed. One Man Gang's manager Slick jumped on the apron and handed One Man Gang a cane; which he hit Savage with and attempted to jab him as he lay on the mat but Savage kept rolling away. The referee caught Gang using his cane and disqualified him awarding the match to Savage. ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 467964, 1033826, 994264, 467964, 23794469, 5534832 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 242, 249 ], [ 332, 342 ], [ 432, 456 ], [ 481, 491 ], [ 581, 585 ], [ 692, 699 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before the final round, Strike Force (Tito Santana and Rick Martel) defended the WWF World Tag Team Championship against Demolition (Ax and Smash) with their manager Mr. Fuji in their corner. The match started with Strike Force hitting Smash with a double back elbow for a near-fall. Santana applied an armbar on Ax before Martel tagged in and applied an armbar but Ax headbutted him and tagged out to Smash. Santana tagged in but was caught in a bear hug and was clotheslined by Ax, before a scoop slam and suplex on Santana. Santana hit a flying forearm smash on an interfering Smash and tagged in Martel who dropkicked both Ax and Smash a number of times and applied a Boston crab on Smash. Santana grabbed Mr. Fuji up onto the apron, allowing Ax to get his manager's cane. He nailed Martel with it as Smash covered Martel with a pin. As a result, Demolition won the match, and the WWF Tag Team Championships.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 3010239, 1604392, 1690731, 985535, 1589965, 1916138, 576942, 1690702, 1452036, 1033826, 2850745, 1325265, 3526632, 1033826, 467964, 640399, 1033826, 1658766, 1576004, 1428043 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 36 ], [ 38, 50 ], [ 55, 66 ], [ 81, 112 ], [ 121, 131 ], [ 133, 135 ], [ 140, 145 ], [ 166, 174 ], [ 249, 255 ], [ 256, 266 ], [ 303, 309 ], [ 369, 377 ], [ 447, 455 ], [ 464, 475 ], [ 493, 503 ], [ 508, 514 ], [ 541, 561 ], [ 611, 619 ], [ 672, 683 ], [ 833, 836 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The main event of WrestleMania IV was the tournament final for the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship between \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage and \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase was accompanied to the ring by Andre The Giant, whilst Savage his regular valet Miss Elizabeth. Savage had wrestled three prior matches, whilst DiBiase had wrestled one fewer, having received a bye from the quarterfinals. DiBiase controlled much of the match, before a fightback from Savage, who attempted a top rope elbow drop on DiBiase but DiBiase moved out of the way. DiBiase applied a Million Dollar Dream submission on Savage. To aid Savage, Elizabeth went backstage to bring Hulk Hogan to ringside to neutralize André being at ringside.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 630463, 994264, 474578 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 14 ], [ 74, 108 ], [ 509, 519 ], [ 583, 603 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "André the Giant interfered in the match on behalf of DiBiase, and whilst the referee was distracted, Hogan attacked DiBiase with a steel chair. Freed from the submission, Savage climbed up the top rope for a second elbow drop attempt and hit the Diving Elbow. He followed it up with a pinfall victory. He won the tournament and the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship. After the match, Hogan, Elizabeth and Savage celebrated Savage's WWF Championship win.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 3830968, 1428043 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 131, 142 ], [ 285, 292 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The attendance for the event was announced as 19,199, with a total of $1,400,000 in admission fees. This total was significantly reduced from that of the previous year's event, which sat at 93,173, and was similar to the following year's 20,369. It drew a 6.5 PPV buyrate, which was reduced from 8.0 the previous year.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 896863 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 154, 175 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IV received mixed to poor reviews from critics. Most reviews criticized the show's length as well as the number of matches.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Rob McNew from 411Mania.com gave the show a 3.5/10 rating when reviewing the show, claiming the show was \"bad\". McNew was frustrated by the number of matches on the show, and the size of the tournament, saying \"This show could have been so much better had they trimmed the tournament down to eight guys from fourteen. Instead, we got a bunch of short matches, none of which ended up being memorable. The show had its moments and isn't all terrible. Just way too long. Savage-Dibiase provides a great moment, but the rest of the show is a pass.\" Retoprowrestling.com was also highly critical of the show's length, calling it \"a chore to watch\", and that \"there's probably nothing wrong with a wrestling pay per view running nigh on four hours, but when about three and a half of those hours don't actually feature much in the way of entertainment, it often feels like you've spent your entire weekend just watching this one show.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "John Canton of TJR wrestling called the event \"a below-average show\", citing the event being \"a 16 match card. That’s too many matches.\" Canton also commented on the length of these matches, and primary usage of \"rest holds\", and bad finishes. Bryan Rose from Voices of Wrestling called the show a \"dud\", before stating there was a \"lot of nothing for 3 1/2 hours.\" Rose also suggested similarities that the event's length had to watch two Godfather films. Mike Powell of prowrestling.net called the event \"really bad\", and commented that had the show been less than three hours in length, rather than 4, it would have been an allround better show. ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 15072865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 440, 449 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "However, John Powell, from SLAM! Wrestling called the event \"excellent\", saying that the show's greatness comes from its unpredictability. Powell, says that the show was \"another tricky venture for Vince McMahon and he hits the jackpot again.\" Powell was very positive about the show's tournament, stating that it and Savage's title win was the highlights of the night. Bret Mix from Wrestling DVD Network commented on the structure of the event, before calling the event \"average\", but \"underrated\" for its high quality of matches throughout the show, despite the number of matches.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "As an event in the annual WrestleMania series of events, WrestleMania IV is considered to be one of the weaker events; with reviews commenting that the event was most notable for a year-long feud between Randy Savage and Hulk Hogan that preceded the event, with the two facing off a year later at WrestleMania V. Scott Keith of SmarK rant gave the event a \"recommendation to avoid\", and commented it was \"long, boring (and) dull\", and that the event was simply to \"serve as a prelude to WrestleMania V\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 552897, 301775, 1446064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 38 ], [ 204, 216 ], [ 221, 231 ], [ 297, 311 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the months that followed the event, Savage defended the WWF World Heavyweight Championship on multiple occasions, primarily against DiBiase but also granted title shots to others such as the One Man Gang and Bad News Brown. Hogan, meanwhile, took a leave of absence from the WWF during the late spring and part of the summer to film the movie No Holds Barred. André the Giant was shortly placed in a feud with \"Hacksaw\" Jim Duggan, however, the DiBiase-André alliance was renewed when the two attacked Savage during a television taping for the WWF's syndicated show Superstars of Wrestling. DiBiase and Andre offered a tag team match to Savage at the inaugural SummerSlam, where Savage chose to partner Hogan and create \"The Mega Powers\". The team of Hogan and Savage won the match before Savage turned heel against Hogan at The Main Event II. Hogan challenged Savage for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania V, with Hogan winning the title.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 1623500, 2281699, 5672361, 1957627, 516902, 1446064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 346, 361 ], [ 569, 592 ], [ 654, 674 ], [ 724, 739 ], [ 828, 845 ], [ 917, 931 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Having interfered in Duggan's match at the event, Hacksaw confronted André, and attacked him with his 2x4. This storyline came to an end before Superstars of Wrestling. Having wrestled to a time limit draw in the championship tournament, Jake Roberts and Rick Rude were placed into a feud regarding Rude making kayfabe advances over Robert's real-life wife, Cheryl. The Honky Tonk Man continued to feud with Brutus Beefcake over the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship during the spring and summer of 1988, with Honky retaining the championship by being intentionally counted out or disqualified on multiple occasions. Beefcake was granted a \"final\" match at SummerSlam, but was sneak attacked by Ron Bass one week before the event. Honky then lost his championship at Summerslam to a returning Ultimate Warrior.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 59399, 2187027, 684397 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 102, 105 ], [ 703, 711 ], [ 801, 817 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Demolition defended the tag team championships against both Strike Force and The British Bulldogs. The Demolition-Strike Force feud came to an end in June 1988 when, during a televised match, Ax and Smash kayfabe injured Rick Martel by repeatedly using their finishing move, the \"Demolition Decapitation\" on him. Following this, The British Bulldogs and The Young Stallions, and later another power team, The Powers of Pain (The Barbarian and The Warlord), became Demolition's primary challengers. Following Bret Hart's elimination from the battle royal, he returned to the ring to challenge Bad News Brown. Bret saw a face turn, alongside partner Jim Neidhart. The pair also engaged in a new feud with The Fabulous Rougeaus.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 3076193, 1893412, 1863041, 1873129, 888715, 2203381 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 354, 373 ], [ 405, 423 ], [ 425, 438 ], [ 443, 454 ], [ 648, 660 ], [ 703, 724 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IV was later released on VHS, and became the only WrestleMania event to be released over two VHS tapes. The event was later released in 2014 on the WWE Network.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 52124, 32086367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 41 ], [ 161, 172 ] ] } ]

[ "1988_in_sports_in_New_Jersey", "1988_WWF_pay-per-view_events", "Events_in_Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey", "March_1988_events_in_the_United_States", "Professional_wrestling_in_New_Jersey", "WrestleMania" ]

[ "WrestleMania 4" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Mon Oncle (; My Uncle) is a 1958 comedy film by French filmmaker Jacques Tati. The first of Tati's films to be released in colour, Mon Oncle won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, a Special Prize at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival, and the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film, receiving more honors than any of Tati's other cinematic works.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 5644, 236680, 61760, 12584054, 19594747, 12788276 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 44 ], [ 65, 77 ], [ 149, 193 ], [ 197, 210 ], [ 218, 243 ], [ 253, 318 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The film centers on the socially awkward yet lovable character of Monsieur Hulot and his quixotic struggle with postwar France's infatuation with modern architecture, mechanical efficiency and consumerism. As with most Tati films, Mon Oncle is largely a visual comedy; color and lighting are employed to help tell the story. The dialogue in Mon Oncle is barely audible, and largely subordinated to the role of a sound effect. The drifting noises of heated arguments and idle banter complement other sounds and the physical movements of the characters, intensifying comedic effect. The complex soundtrack also uses music to characterize environments, including a lively musical theme that represents Hulot's world of comical inefficiency and freedom.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2035142, 170522 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 80 ], [ 193, 204 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "At its debut in 1958 in France, Mon Oncle was denounced by some critics for what they viewed as a reactionary or even poujadiste view of an emerging French consumer society, which had lately embraced a new wave of industrial modernization and a more rigid social structure. However, this criticism soon gave way in the face of the film's huge popularity in France and abroad – even in the U.S., where rampant discretionary consumption and a recession had caused those on both the right and the left to question the economic and social values of the era. The film was another big success for Tati, with a total of 4,576,928 admissions in France.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 306623 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 118, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "M. Hulot (Jacques Tati) is the dreamy, impractical, and adored uncle of nine-year-old Gérard Arpel, who lives with his materialistic parents, M. and Mme. Arpel, in an ultra-modern geometric house and garden, Villa Arpel, in a new suburb of Paris, situated just beyond the crumbling stone buildings of the old neighborhoods of the city. Gérard's parents are entrenched in a machine-like existence of work, fixed gender roles, the acquisition of status through possessions, and conspicuous displays to impress guests, such as the fish-shaped fountain at the center of the garden that, in a running gag, Mme. Arpel activates only for important visitors.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Plot", "target_page_ids": [ 236680, 252984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 22 ], [ 588, 599 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Each element of Villa Arpel is stylistically rather than functionally designed, creating an environment completely indifferent to the comfort, or lack of comfort, of its occupants. In choosing modern architecture to punctuate his satire, Tati once stated, \"\" (\"geometrical lines do not produce likeable people\"). From inconveniently-located stepping stones, to difficult-to-sit-on furniture, to a kitchen filled with deafeningly loud appliances, every facet of Villa Arpel emphasizes the impracticality of a dedication to superficial aesthetics and electrical gadgets over the necessities of daily living.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Plot", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Despite the superficial beauty of its modern design, the Arpels' home is entirely impersonal, as are the Arpels themselves. In fact, M. and Mme. Arpel have completely subordinated their individuality to maintain their social position and their shiny new possessions. Tati emphasizes his themes surrounding the Arpel lifestyle (as well as M. Arpel's automatonic workplace, Plastac) with monochromatic shades and cloudy days.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Plot", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "By contrast, Monsieur Hulot lives in an old and run-down city district. He is unemployed, and gets around town either on foot or on a VéloSoleX motorized bicycle. Gérard, utterly bored by the sterility and monotony of his life with his parents, fastens himself to his uncle at every opportunity. Hulot, little more than a child himself at times, is completely at home with Gérard, but also completely ineffectual at controlling his horseplay with his school friends, who take delight in tormenting adults with practical jokes. Exasperated at their relative's perceived immaturity, the Arpels soon scheme to saddle him with the twin yokes of family and business responsibilities.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Plot", "target_page_ids": [ 1889504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 134, 143 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jacques Tati as Monsieur Hulot", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 236680, 2035142 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 17, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jean-Pierre Zola as Monsieur Arpel", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Adrienne Servantie as Madame Arpel", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Alain Bécourt as Gérard Arpel", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Lucien Frégis as Monsieur Pichard", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Betty Schneider as Betty (landlord's daughter)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jean-François Martial as Walter", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 50103700 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dominique Marie as Neighbor", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Yvonne Arnaud as Georgette (the maid)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 1500150 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adelaide Danieli as Madame Pichard", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Régis Fontenay as Braces dealer", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Claude Badolle as Flea market dealer", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Max Martel as Drunken man", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Nicolas Bataille as Working man", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 35644684 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The sets for the film, designed by Jacques Lagrange, were built in 1956 at Victorine Studios (now known as Studios Riviera), near Nice, and torn down after filming was complete.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 56335011, 47088 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 92 ], [ 130, 134 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "An English version of the film, nine minutes shorter than the original and released as My Uncle, was filmed at the same time as the French-language version. There are slight differences in the staging of the scenes and in the performances. In the English-language release, French signs are replaced by ones in English; important dialogue is dubbed in English, although background voices remain in French.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 8860 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 341, 347 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Bosley Crowther said the film had a \"cast of colorful and adroit supporting players, all nonprofessionals\" and a \"gay but somewhat monotonous musical score\"; he called the film \"perceptibly contrived when it lingers too long and gets too deeply into the dullness of things mechanical. After you've pushed one button and one modernistic face, you've pushed them all. Mr. Hulot [as played by Tati] is the focus of amusement, not electrical doors and machines that squeeze out plastic hose.\" Crowther noted that its style of humor \"was done superbly more than twenty-five years ago by René Clair in À Nous la Liberté and afterward by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times.\" Variety said that although it was \"somewhat long for a comedy, Jacques Tati's film has inventiveness, gags, warmth and a 'poetic' approach to satire\"; they complimented the film's \"expert blocking out of the characters, creative use of sound, and eschewing of all useless dialog.\"", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 2112160, 724586, 724551, 5142, 74962, 22101487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ], [ 584, 594 ], [ 598, 615 ], [ 633, 648 ], [ 652, 664 ], [ 668, 675 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of submissions to the 31st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 22800325 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of French submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 18987377 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mon Oncle an essay by Matt Zoller Seitz at The Criterion Collection", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 1129400 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mon Oncle at Tativille", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Mon Oncle film trailer at Turner Classic Movies Classic Film Union", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 925736 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 48 ] ] } ]

[ "1958_films", "1958_comedy_films", "Italian_films", "Best_Foreign_Language_Film_Academy_Award_winners", "Films_directed_by_Jacques_Tati", "Films_scored_by_Alain_Romans", "Films_set_in_Paris", "French_comedy_films", "1950s_French-language_films", "Gaumont_Film_Company_films", "French_satirical_films" ]

[ "Mon oncle" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The Fuller Brush Company sells branded and private label products for personal care as well as commercial and household cleaning. It was founded in 1906 by Alfred Fuller. Consolidated Foods, now Sara Lee Corporation, acquired Fuller Brush in 1968. In 1991, the company was placed in private ownership but, in 1994, it became a subsidiary of CPAC Inc., which from 20072012 was owned by the private equity group Buckingham Capital Partners. From December 2012 through Dec 2017, the Fuller Brush Company was owned and operated by David Sabin and Victory Park Capital. Since January 2018, the Fuller Brush Company has been owned and operated by Galaxy Brush LLC, located in Lakewood, New Jersey.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 876132, 87263, 1276663, 191280, 125617 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 43, 56 ], [ 156, 169 ], [ 195, 215 ], [ 389, 403 ], [ 670, 690 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Alfred Carl Fuller began what was to become Fuller Brush Company in a basement shop in Somerville, Massachusetts. In 1906, he moved to Hartford, Connecticut and founded the company.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 87263, 116857, 53678 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ], [ 87, 112 ], [ 135, 156 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The company began with door-to-door sales of brushes of various sorts, including hairbrushes with a lifetime guarantee for which they are famous.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1931, the establishment of the first of what became known as the Green River Ordinance led Fuller Brush to challenge the ordinance's limits on door-to-door sales; the case went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, where on March 1, 1937, it dismissed the appeal \"for want of a substantial federal question.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 4708904 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 68, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the mid 1930s, Fuller relocated from rented space on Union Place across from the New Haven RR station, to a purpose-built sprawling three-story brick factory and office complex on the north edge of Hartford, at 3580 Main St. World War II saw the company \"cut its normal civilian output drastically to make brushes for the cleaning of guns\". Fuller's son, Howard Fuller, became president of the company in 1943.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 32927 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 228, 240 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the war,", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Fuller added Daggett & Ramsdell, Inc.'s Débutante Cosmetics to its line of products, sold by a sales force of women, a strategy resurrected after a wartime attempt to have \"Fullerettes\" sell their core products. Fuller had evidence that women could succeed at sales since Stanley Beveridge, who had left his position as Fuller's sales vice president in 1929, had by 1949 employed women as \"dealers\" to grow sales at his own company, Stanley Home Products, to $35 million, exceeding Fuller's sales for the first time.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Fuller's oldest son Howard succeeded his father as president, serving until he and his wife Dora died in an auto crash in May, 1959.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1959, Avard Ells Fuller, 44, the founder's younger son, became Fuller Brush's president. Having long outgrown the Hartford location, in 1960 the company moved to a new, purpose-built campus on Long Hill St., East Hartford, Conn. That year, Alfred C. Fuller published his autobiography A Foot In the Door; the title described a salesman's technique in prolonging a conversation to turn it into a sale.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1966, Fuller Brush hired 17,500 women, motivated by the lack of qualified men (the unemployment rate was 3.8%) and the example set by Avon Products.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 98943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 137, 150 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Consolidated Foods, now Sara Lee Corporation, acquired Fuller Brush in 1968; Avard Fuller retired a year later. Office operations moved initially to Niles, Illinois, then relocated along with manufacturing and research to Great Bend, Kansas in 1973.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1276663, 111018, 114417 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 44 ], [ 150, 165 ], [ 223, 241 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By 1985, all of the company's sales were still generated door-to-door. By the mid-1980s, however, in recognition of the decrease in the number of women at home during the day, Fuller Brush began introducing other sales channels beyond door-to-door. This included a mail-order catalog that sent out 10 million catalogs a year, and several outlet stores selling \"slow-selling items, returned merchandise or slightly flawed goods\". By mid-1989, 35% of that year's estimated $160 million in sales came from catalogs, with another 5% coming from its stores. Later that same year, a group of investors from Kansas headed by Lee Turner, a trial lawyer, took Fuller private; by 1991 the company now known as Fuller Industries and led by Stuart A. Ochiltree had integrated its door-to-door and catalog business, with its 12,000 mostly part-time sales representatives receiving commissions for sales from either channel.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 2636581, 239863, 1783942, 3418454 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 69 ], [ 214, 228 ], [ 266, 284 ], [ 339, 351 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In June 1994, Fuller, once again known as Fuller Brush Company, was acquired by CPAC Inc., a Leicester, New York-based manufacturer of photographic chemicals; CPAC took on the \"heavy debt burden\" accumulated while the company was private and whose annual sales, increasingly focused on chemicals, had shrunk to $24 million.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 259865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 93, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2007, CPAC Inc. was acquired by Buckingham Capital Partners in a leveraged buyout. In February, 2012, Fuller Brush Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In December, 2012, Victory Park Capital and CEO, David Sabin, bought the company out of its Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The headquarters were moved from Great Bend, Kansas to Napa, California.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 58834, 7279, 107794 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 68, 84 ], [ 136, 157 ], [ 329, 345 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In January 2018, Galaxy Brush of Lakewood, New Jersey, purchased the name of Fuller Brush, including all trademarks and patents. Galaxy Brush, now doing business as Fuller Brush, also acquired the name brand and trademarks of Stanley Home Products. Galaxy Brush has since returned Fuller Brush and Stanley Home Products manufacturing back to their respective roots in Great Bend, Kansas where many of the original products were made.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The main factory for the Fuller Brush Company was located in East Hartford, Connecticut, during the 1960s, where Fuller's son Avard ran the company. It had moved from Hartford on the other side of the Connecticut River some years earlier. In front of the East Hartford plant was a large glass case with a large stuffed boar to represent the boar hair used in some of the original Fuller brushes.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Locations", "target_page_ids": [ 255857 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 87 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Research Division was there, led by Hank Whitman, along with the plastics molding operation. Fuller had a \"private label\" division, Charter Products, that sold duplicate products under other brand names chosen by the distributor.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Locations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Industrial Division, under Verne Joy, was also at the East Hartford plant, where they made large motor-driven brushes for developing newspaper printing photo metal plates. All the mops were sewn at this plant. The perfuming operation was there also, including a large machine to detect what was in perfume made by other companies.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Locations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Avard's interest in boating resulted in experiments at the plant with plastic molding of port lights (windows) for boats, including full plastic hardware.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Locations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The plastic bottle and toothbrush manufacturing operation was in Philmont, New York. According to Fuller's memoir, Fuller Brush distributed the Bristlecomb, a hairbrush introduced by the Mohawk Company in 1928. In 1942, Fuller Brush bought out the Mohawk Brush Company and subsequently all the hairbrushes and industrial floor brushes were manufactured at the Mohawk Plant in Albany, New York.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Locations", "target_page_ids": [ 7938774, 52106 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 65, 83 ], [ 376, 392 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Since 1972, Fuller brushes and over 2,000 other Fuller products have been manufactured in Barton County, near Great Bend, Kansas.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Locations", "target_page_ids": [ 95746, 114417 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 90, 103 ], [ 110, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Headquarters were moved from Kansas to California shortly after being purchased by David Sabin and Victory Park Capital, while the manufacturing remains in Great Bend, Kansas.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Locations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Former employees include evangelist Billy Graham, who became a Fuller Brush salesman during the summer after high school, and outsold \"every other salesman in North Carolina\". In his 1997 autobiography, Just As I Am, Graham describes in some detail his experiences selling Fuller brushes door-to-door. Ellen Barkin was \"born in the Bronx to a father who worked as a Fuller Brush man\". Clifford Irving \"was a Fuller Brush man in Syracuse.\" Dewald Strauss was a Holocaust survivor and Fuller Brush salesman in New York City, who was famously painted by Alice Neel in her paiting entitled Fuller Brush Man.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Former employees", "target_page_ids": [ 690865, 635247, 665475, 28443, 1090517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 48 ], [ 303, 315 ], [ 386, 401 ], [ 429, 437 ], [ 553, 563 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "More recently, Groundlings Theater veteran Paul Reubens, of Pee-wee Herman fame, worked as a Fuller Brush salesman while attending California Institute of the Arts.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Former employees", "target_page_ids": [ 292662, 23916, 551604, 165084 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 34 ], [ 43, 55 ], [ 60, 74 ], [ 131, 163 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Other former employees include Frank Gross, photographer Tom Leutwiler, Dennis Quaid, Dick Clark, J. Bruce Llewellyn (co-founder of 100 Black Men of America), Ed Mirvish, Jack Sensenbrenner, Kin Shriner, and Ed Stelmach. Jack Nicholson and Felicia Farr were also featured in a few pictures in \"The Fuller Magazine.\" Broadcaster Lowell Green admitted during his April 24, 2014 program to selling Fuller Brushes in Montreal's Westmount area during his college days in the 1950s.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Former employees", "target_page_ids": [ 18904884, 29148276, 314563, 353634, 26901504, 13020211, 637051, 955508, 750502, 4591594, 18617829, 8901170, 1240091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 42 ], [ 57, 70 ], [ 72, 84 ], [ 86, 96 ], [ 98, 116 ], [ 132, 156 ], [ 159, 169 ], [ 171, 189 ], [ 191, 202 ], [ 208, 219 ], [ 221, 235 ], [ 240, 252 ], [ 328, 340 ] ] } ]

[ "Personal_selling", "Companies_based_in_Kansas", "Retail_companies_established_in_1906", "Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1906", "1906_establishments_in_Connecticut", "Cleaning_product_brands" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Exeter Airport , formerly Exeter International Airport, is an international airport located at Clyst Honiton in East Devon, close to the city of Exeter and within the county of Devon, South West England. Exeter has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P759) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction. The airport offers both scheduled and holiday charter flights within the United Kingdom and Europe.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1519705, 32138274, 449008, 36614585, 8166, 52944, 684737, 31717, 9239 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 83 ], [ 95, 108 ], [ 112, 122 ], [ 145, 151 ], [ 177, 182 ], [ 184, 202 ], [ 217, 220 ], [ 423, 437 ], [ 442, 448 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2007, the airport handled over 1 million passengers per year for the first time, although passenger throughput subsequently declined, recovering to 931,000 passengers in 2018. In 2019, passenger numbers once again passed the 1 million mark, due in part to Ryanair operating several new flights to/from the airport. Prior to its collapse in 2020, the airline Flybe accounted for over 80% of the airport's passenger numbers. Passenger numbers declined sharply to 148,000 in 2020.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 293487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 361, 366 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Exeter Airport is located east of the city of Exeter and is approximately west south west of London. To the south, it is connected by the A30 dual carriageway which can be accessed from the east and the M5 in the west, just away. The M5 enables links to Bristol and the Midlands. There is no railway station at the airport. The closest, Cranbrook, is miles away by road. There is also a bus link to Exeter St Davids railway station, and a taxi service from Exeter for £30.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Location", "target_page_ids": [ 41146970, 1700027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 342, 351 ], [ 405, 437 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Exeter Airport was situated on land acquired by Exeter Corporation by compulsory purchase. It was leased and operated by Straight Corporation who also set up the Exeter Aero Club. The airfield officially opened on 31 May 1937 and operated from a \"tented\" terminal before the permanent buildings were complete. Jersey Airways immediately inaugurated a summer service of eight flights per week from Jersey in de Havilland DH.84 Dragons. Railway Air Services ran connecting flights on to Plymouth and Bristol.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 63290574, 20184689, 3448671, 4868582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 121, 141 ], [ 310, 324 ], [ 407, 432 ], [ 435, 455 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In World War II, RAF Exeter was an important RAF Fighter Command airfield during the Battle of Britain. RAF Exeter was used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Ninth Air Force as a D-Day troop transport base with Douglas C-47 Skytrain transports dropping paratroops near Carentan to land on the Normandy Beachhead. It was known as USAAF Station AAF-463.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 436392, 57974, 23508196, 3809275, 252854, 364142, 1186927, 6723726 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 64 ], [ 85, 102 ], [ 131, 160 ], [ 169, 184 ], [ 190, 195 ], [ 222, 243 ], [ 280, 288 ], [ 304, 322 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Two brass plaques on the wall near the airport's observation lounge commemorate the activities of 3 squadrons of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain that were based at Exeter during World War II, and commend their actions in defence of the city of Exeter.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1182745 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 117, 162 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "RAF Exeter was home to the following Squadrons of No 10 Group during the Battle of Britain:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " No. 213 Squadron from 18 June 1940", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " No. 87 Squadron from 5 July 1940", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " No. 601 Squadron from 7 September 1940", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 21578275 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Despite efforts at camouflage, including painting the runways, Exeter attracted the Luftwaffe and administrative and technical buildings were destroyed.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 17885 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 84, 93 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Exeter met the requirement of basing USAAF troop carrier groups close to where units of the 101st Airborne Division were located and within reasonable range of the expected area of operations.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 113453 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 92, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 440th Troop Carrier Group arrived on 15 April 1944, with over 70 C-47/C-53 Skytrain aircraft. There was insufficient hardstandings to accommodate all the aircraft so many had to be parked on the turf, some areas being supported by tarmac. The 440th was a group of Ninth Air Force's 50th Troop Carrier Wing, IX Troop Carrier Command. The 98th TCS remained at Exeter until 7 August, when it began operating from RAF Ramsbury. On 11 September, the headquarters of the 440th TCG was established at the group's new base at Reims, France (ALG A-62D), and the last of the air echelon left Exeter two days later.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 8573552, 12034931, 8703796, 48845 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 29 ], [ 311, 335 ], [ 415, 427 ], [ 523, 528 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Walruses of an RAF air-sea rescue flight were the next tenants and these were joined by a glider training unit early in 1945.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 583666, 3482374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 8 ], [ 90, 96 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Post-war, Exeter was reclaimed by Fighter Command and a French Supermarine Spitfire squadron, No. 329, which came and stayed until November 1945. Meteors and Mosquitos made a brief appearance the following spring. No. 691 Squadron's target-towing Vultee A-31 Vengeances, which had been present for more than a year, proved to be the last RAF flying unit of the Second World War period based at Exeter. When No. 691 Squadron departed in the summer of 1946, the station was made available for civil use, being officially transferred to the Ministry of Civil Aviation on 1 January 1947, although there was still some reserve RAF activity until the 1950s.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 26027181, 42702, 9093, 2953330, 32927 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 83 ], [ 146, 153 ], [ 158, 167 ], [ 247, 269 ], [ 361, 377 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Scheduled services to the Channel Islands began in 1952 and charter flights to various locations followed. A new terminal building was opened in the early 1980s and various other improvements, including a runway extension, were carried out over following years to establish Exeter as an important airport in the West Country. Exeter was a joint RAF/Civil airfield in the 1960s.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 5643, 289674 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 41 ], [ 312, 324 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 5 January 2007, a majority share of the airport was sold by Devon County Council to Regional and City Airports Ltd, a consortium led by construction firm Balfour Beatty. On 26 June 2013, the airport was bought by the Patriot Aerospace division of Rigby Group, which also owns Coventry Airport.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 17328423, 3199610, 40888897, 2119828 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 83 ], [ 157, 171 ], [ 250, 261 ], [ 279, 295 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In August 2016, Exeter Airport recorded their highest passenger throughput in a single month since September 2008, with 100,374 passengers passing through its terminal. New services to Glasgow and the first route to be supported by the new Government Regional Air Connectivity fund to Norwich, contributed to a 19% increase in passenger numbers during the month of August. During 2018, the runway was resurfaced and energy-efficient LED lighting installed.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2019, the airport was ranked fourth in the UK by Which? magazine of 30 airports for customer satisfaction, with a score of 73%.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 311065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 19 January 2021, a West Atlantic Boeing 737-400 freighter having just performed flight NPT05L from East Midlands Airport made a very hard landing at Exeter Airport, causing multiple creases in the fuselage. The aircraft was written off.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 25933835, 15103676, 9468288, 160891, 41426956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 35 ], [ 36, 50 ], [ 136, 148 ], [ 200, 208 ], [ 227, 238 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The following airlines operate regular scheduled, seasonal, and seasonal charter flights to and from Exeter:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Airlines and destinations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Corporate aviation services including a private lounge are provided by XLR Executive Jet Centre", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other users", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "There is one flight training organisation based at the airport: Aviation South West, which offers a range of training from the Private Pilot Licence to the Commercial Pilots Licence and Instrument Rating.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other users", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Dublin Aerospace operates the Exeter Aerospace hangar which provides base maintenance services on multiple aircraft, such as: ATR 42 family; Bombardier DHC - 8 Family; & Embraer EJR 170 & 190 Series aircraft.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other users", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Iscavia Ltd is based in Hangar 49, on the North-Side of Exeter Airport and provides aircraft maintenance, avionics, airworthiness certification, hangarage, aircraft parts, help and advice.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other users", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Devon Air Ambulance and National Police Air Service (NPAS) share a purpose built facility on the northern side of the airfield, having vacated the police headquarters at Middlemoor, Exeter in 2014.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other users", "target_page_ids": [ 7178214, 34289403 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 25, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 25 busiest routes by air passenger numbers are listed below. many of these routes, which were operated by Flybe, are no longer in operation.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Statistics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " List of Royal Air Force stations", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 249142 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of former Royal Air Force stations", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 31640041 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " South West Aviation", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 20940536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Freeman, Roger A. (1978) Airfields of the Eighth: Then and Now. After the Battle ", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Airports_in_Devon", "Buildings_and_structures_in_Exeter", "Airfields_of_the_United_States_Army_Air_Forces_Air_Transport_Command_in_the_European_Theater", "Airfields_of_the_IX_Troop_Carrier_Command_in_the_United_Kingdom", "Transport_in_Exeter" ]

[ "EXT", "EGTE", "Exeter" ]

[ { "plaintext": "StarTeam is a version control system used in software development, especially when a project involves multiple teams in different locations. StarTeam is an SCM and SDLC software application, created by Starbase Corporation, which was acquired by Borland in January 2003 which was acquired by Micro Focus in July 2009. The application is client-server, backed by a relational database that retains all changes made to a project during its evolution as well as the project requirements, task assignments, threaded discussions and bug tracking. Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle database are supported database servers.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 55955, 55955, 23407868, 4027, 18077713, 13989994, 323725 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 29 ], [ 156, 159 ], [ 164, 168 ], [ 247, 254 ], [ 294, 305 ], [ 544, 564 ], [ 569, 584 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "StarTeam supports branching and three-way merging, difference analysis, advanced user access and security management, checkpoints, end user and administrator auditing, view and revision labels, promotion states and customization features. The server supports remote use and strong encryption for remote connections. StarTeam allows \"live\" backups while the server is in active use and includes an optional publish/subscribe event system called StarTeam MPX to enhance scalability.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Branching support", "target_page_ids": [ 2341198, 533867 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 49 ], [ 339, 345 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In addition to file versioning, StarTeam also stores requirements, project tasks, change requests, and discussions. All of these can be interlinked to enhance traceability within a project.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Branching support", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "StarTeam includes a number of clients, including a web client, a cross-platform Java client, a command line interface and integrations for popular Integrated development environments such as Borland Delphi, Borland JBuilder and Eclipse. StarTeam includes several APIs for platforms including COM, Java, and the Microsoft .NET Framework. It also provides an MSSCCI compliant Source Control Plug-in API for integration with IDEs that offer integrated revision control features as well as other applications such as Mercury Interactive's TestDirector and IBM Rational DOORS.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Clients", "target_page_ids": [ 4718446, 15305, 349208, 4027, 216958, 27697009, 17058007, 4718446, 25143203, 14086151, 2534233, 35705049 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 80, 84 ], [ 147, 181 ], [ 191, 205 ], [ 207, 214 ], [ 228, 235 ], [ 263, 266 ], [ 292, 295 ], [ 297, 301 ], [ 311, 335 ], [ 374, 400 ], [ 513, 532 ], [ 552, 570 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "All check-ins in StarTeam are atomic. Whenever more than one file is checked in as the result of a single transaction all of the files, and their associated process items, are updated in a single action. If for some reason, the check-in fails, none of the files are checked in, and the status of the associated process items is not updated. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Check-ins", "target_page_ids": [ 1204310 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For example, suppose User A selects to check in all modified files in a StarTeam folder, but one of the selected files is locked by User B. Because of the locked file, none of the files are checked in (and none of the process items are updated as fixed) and User A is notified that none of the files were checked in because one of the files was locked by User B.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Check-ins", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "DevPartner", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 11473046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "MySQL", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 19545 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 5 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "SilkTest", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2182041 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " (review for version 2.1)", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " reviews Starbase Collaboration Suite in a featured round-up review of similar products (online version)", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Darryl K. Taft (2007-06-21) Borland Tops SCM Survey. Developers choose Borland's StarTeam as the top software configuration management tool in an Evans Data poll., eWeek", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 2081765 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 165, 170 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Current StarTeam Product Page", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "StarTeam 14.2 Datasheet", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "StarTeam 1.0 page (archived)", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Proprietary_version_control_systems", "Borland_software", "1995_software" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "\"Blue Jean\" is a song written and recorded by English singer-songwriter David Bowie for his sixteenth studio album Tonight (1984). One of only two tracks on the album to be written entirely by Bowie, it was released as a single ahead of the album and charted within the Top 10 in the UK and the United States, peaking at No. 6 and No. 8, respectively. The song is loosely inspired by Eddie Cochran.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 8786, 1496663, 164363 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 83 ], [ 115, 122 ], [ 384, 397 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Following the commercial success of Bowie's previous album, Let's Dance, its singles and the Serious Moonlight Tour, \"Blue Jean\" was launched with a 21-minute short film, Jazzin' for Blue Jean, directed by Julien Temple. The song performance segment from this was also used as a more conventional music video. The film won the 1985 Grammy Award for \"Best Video, Short Form\", later renamed \"Best Music Video\", which proved to be the only competitive Grammy Award Bowie won during his lifetime for over three decades, although Bowie posthumously won four Grammies for his album Blackstar (2016).", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1261524, 14921187, 3394539, 363876, 188391, 44635, 598942, 44635, 48604078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 71 ], [ 93, 115 ], [ 171, 192 ], [ 206, 219 ], [ 327, 331 ], [ 332, 344 ], [ 350, 372 ], [ 449, 461 ], [ 576, 585 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Blue Jean\" would remain in Bowie's live repertoire for the rest of his career, being performed on his Glass Spider Tour (1987), Sound+Vision Tour (1990) and A Reality Tour (2004).", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 14919773, 14906212, 5169394 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 103, 120 ], [ 129, 146 ], [ 158, 172 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Interviewed in 1987 and asked to compare a track like \"Time Will Crawl\" to \"Blue Jean,\" Bowie said \"'Blue Jean' is a piece of sexist rock 'n roll. [laughs] It's about picking up birds. It's not very cerebral, that piece.\" BBC reviewer Chris Jones criticised the song in his appraisal of Best of Bowie in 2002, arguing \"'Blue Jean' barely exists, so formulaic is it.\" More positively, rock commentator Chris O'Leary, while locating \"Blue Jean\" firmly \"in the pastiche lane,\" has described the song as \"clever\" and \"catchy\" and one of Bowie's \"best second-rate hits.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Composition and reception", "target_page_ids": [ 3426006, 19344654, 2242811 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 70 ], [ 222, 225 ], [ 287, 300 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cash Box said that it \"features the dynamics of classic Bowie which range from the smooth and sultry verse to the exploding chorus.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Composition and reception", "target_page_ids": [ 1821295 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Blue Jean\" – 3:08", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Dancing with the Big Boys\" – 3:32", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Some versions of the 7\" single were released on blue vinyl", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Blue Jean\" (Extended Dance Mix) – 5:15", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Dancing with the Big Boys\" (Extended Dance Mix) – 7:28", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Dancing with the Big Boys\" (Extended Dub Mix) – 7:15", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Blue Jean\" (Extended Dance Mix) remixed by John \"Jellybean\" Benitez at Sigma Sound – NYC – Engineer: Jay Mark.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 1346889, 2441113 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 69 ], [ 73, 84 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Dancing with the Big Boys\" remixes produced by Arthur Baker.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Track listing", "target_page_ids": [ 1586375 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David Bowie– vocals", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 8786, 162707 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Carlos Alomar– guitar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 2371832, 11846 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 16, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Carmine Rojas– bass guitar; keyboards", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 20860438, 3916, 320138 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 16, 27 ], [ 29, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Omar Hakim– drums", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 7369608, 9079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lenny Pickett– tenor saxophone; bass clarinet", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 10376166, 926172, 399942 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 16, 31 ], [ 33, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stanley Harrison– alto saxophone", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 556372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Steve Elson– baritone saxophone", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 926360 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guy St. Onge– marimba", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 52871 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Curtis King– vocals", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 162707 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Simms– vocals", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 162707 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robin Clark– vocals", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 15866656, 162707 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sammy Figueroa– percussion", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 16087416, 24638 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 17, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Production", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " David Bowie– producer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 53207 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Derek Bramble– producer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh Padgham– producer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 956410 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " It appears on the following compilations:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other releases", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Changesbowie (1990)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other releases", "target_page_ids": [ 5279464 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Singles Collection (1993)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other releases", "target_page_ids": [ 5918258 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Best of Bowie (2002)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other releases", "target_page_ids": [ 2242811 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Platinum Collection (2005)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other releases", "target_page_ids": [ 5728680 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Best of David Bowie 1980/1987 (2007)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other releases", "target_page_ids": [ 10161540 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nothing Has Changed (2014) (3-CD and 2-CD editions)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other releases", "target_page_ids": [ 43784198 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bowie Legacy (2016) (2-CD edition)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other releases", "target_page_ids": [ 51937214 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There are 3 versions of the video:", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Video versions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The full 21-minute version entitled Jazzin' for Blue Jean. It includes Richard Fairbrass from Right Said Fred on bass guitar, although he didn't play on the record.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Video versions", "target_page_ids": [ 3394539, 4314218, 968568 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 58 ], [ 72, 89 ], [ 95, 110 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The 3-minute version of the performance of the title track, edited from the full Jazzin' for Blue Jean video. The video is available to download for the Xbox 360 karaoke game Lips.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Video versions", "target_page_ids": [ 7514833, 18437962 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 154, 162 ], [ 176, 180 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " An alternate version recorded for MTV in England that has no relation to the other videos. This alternate version was not popularly available until the DVD release of Best of Bowie in 2002.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Video versions", "target_page_ids": [ 18856, 2242811 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 38 ], [ 168, 181 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pegg, Nicholas, The Complete David Bowie, Reynolds & Hearn Ltd, 2000, ", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1984_singles", "David_Bowie_songs", "Songs_written_by_David_Bowie", "Song_recordings_produced_by_David_Bowie", "Song_recordings_produced_by_Hugh_Padgham", "EMI_America_Records_singles", "1984_songs" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Dog City is an animated television series that was produced by Nelvana Limited and Jim Henson Productions in association with Channel 4, Global Television Network, FORTA and Canal+ Spain and aired on Fox Kids from September 26, 1992, to November 26, 1994, and in Canada on YTV until 2000. The show contained both animation by Nelvana, and puppetry by Jim Henson Productions, similar to Little Muppet Monsters.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 235604, 210213, 851298, 6321, 66921, 23143607, 5708747, 884998, 416455, 593, 210213, 156593, 851298, 3778886 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 41 ], [ 63, 78 ], [ 83, 105 ], [ 126, 135 ], [ 137, 162 ], [ 164, 169 ], [ 174, 186 ], [ 200, 208 ], [ 273, 276 ], [ 313, 322 ], [ 326, 333 ], [ 339, 347 ], [ 351, 373 ], [ 386, 408 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dog City was originally an hour-long live-action television film, broadcast on May 5, 1989, as an episode of The Jim Henson Hour, featuring the characters as puppets. In Dog City: The Movie, Ace Yu inherits a bar-restaurant called the Dog House following the death of his Uncle Harry and is harassed for protection money by crime syndicate boss Bugsy Them (who was responsible for the death of Uncle Harry. Harry as it turns out, was actually Ace's father). Refusing to pay or fight him, Bugsy kidnaps Ace's love interest, Colleen. There are car chases and shoot-em-ups and rubber duckies involved in the action. In the end, Ace defeats Bugsy and gets the girl.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 164342, 582107, 21468429, 709358 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 64 ], [ 109, 128 ], [ 158, 164 ], [ 304, 320 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ace Yu (performed by Kevin Clash) - A German Shepherd adopted by Chinese Pekingese parents. Although Ace's puppet is a Hand-Rod Puppet, it is later modified into a Live-Hand Puppet when it was used to play Eliot in the TV series.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 772112, 79289, 456079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 33 ], [ 39, 54 ], [ 74, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Colleen Barker (performed by Fran Brill) - A Rough Collie who serves as Ace's love interest.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 231804, 522413 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 40 ], [ 46, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bugsy Them (performed by Jim Henson) - A vain bulldog crime boss who is proud of his tail. His puppet is later used to play Bruno in the TV series.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 16228, 242068, 2029109 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 36 ], [ 47, 54 ], [ 55, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Miss Belle (performed by Camille Bonora) - A poodle that is the key associate and the wife of Bugsy Them.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 57076026, 515115 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 39 ], [ 45, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mad Dog (performed by Steve Whitmire) - Bugsy Them's dimwitted St. Bernard henchman. His puppet is later used to play Bowser in the TV series.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 847937, 550028 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 37 ], [ 64, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Scruffy (performed by Gord Robertson) - Bugsy Them's henchman who is always scratching at his fleas.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Laughing Boy (performed by Rickey Boyd) - Bugsy Them's henchman who is always laughing and cracking jokes.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Bubba (performed by Jerry Nelson) - The bartender at the Dog House. He is a recycled and modified version of the Wolfhound from The Muppet Show.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 261860, 478135, 505721, 40132 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 33 ], [ 41, 50 ], [ 114, 123 ], [ 129, 144 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mac (performed by Steve Whitmire) - The waiter at the Dog House. Although Steve Whitmire performed Mac in most scenes, Mac was performed by Rickey Boyd in a scene where he was sweeping.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 847937, 309917 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 33 ], [ 41, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Quackers (performed by Rob Mills) - Ace Yu's sailor duck doll.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Rowlf the Dog (performed by Jim Henson) - The piano-playing dog from The Muppet Show is the narrator of the TV movie.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 756571, 16228, 40132 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 29, 39 ], [ 70, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dog City: The Movie also features cameos by Sprocket the Dog from Fraggle Rock, Lyle the Dog and Baskerville the Hound from The Muppet Show, a dog character that resembles Tramp from Lady and the Tramp, and a background pug that later appears in Jim Henson's Animal Show, Puppet Up!, and other Henson Alternative projects.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 88570, 40132, 286828, 21234727, 27620579, 8054257 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 78 ], [ 124, 139 ], [ 183, 201 ], [ 220, 223 ], [ 246, 270 ], [ 272, 282 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Muppets of Ace Yu and his associates would make cameos in The Muppets at Walt Disney World and would later go on to become Eliot Shag and the other \"real world\" counterparts to the animated characters.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 1515261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 94 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dog City: The Movie (sans the framing sequences) was released to regions 1 and 2.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [ 1692431, 1692431 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 73, 74 ], [ 79, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The company's YouTube channel has 6 clips from the pilot in a playlist called \"Dogs of Anarchy!\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Television film", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The animated portions of the show focused on a canine private investigator named Ace Hart. The Muppet portions of the show focused on the interactions between Ace Hart and his animator Eliot Shag (who, like Ace, is a German Shepherd). Eliot would illustrate the stories while Ace would go traverse through it, occasionally breaking the fourth wall to speak with Eliot about the various troubles with the story. In one episode, Eliot even enters Dog City himself to join Ace in solving a mystery.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Plot", "target_page_ids": [ 4269567, 62125, 20303, 161935, 79289 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 53 ], [ 54, 74 ], [ 95, 101 ], [ 176, 184 ], [ 217, 232 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A recurring gag was that many of the characters in the cartoon were seemingly based on the residents of Eliot's apartment building. The bulldog crime-boss Bugsy Vile was inspired by the building's grouchy bulldog superintendent Bruno. Ace's love interest Rosie was based on Eliot's deep feelings for his neighbor Colleen, and so on. The Muppet characters were unaware of this. In the first episode, Bruno asks Eliot how a loser like him could have created a great character like Bugsy. Eliot replies, \"Sometimes it just stares me right in the face.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Plot", "target_page_ids": [ 242068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 136, 143 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Later series included segments from other shows Eliot worked on, including skits featuring the main Dog City characters and a superhero series starring the Batman parody Watchdog.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Plot", "target_page_ids": [ 43076, 4335 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 126, 135 ], [ 156, 162 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ace Hart (voiced by Ron White) - A German Shepherd who is a private-eye detective.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 1624956, 79289, 118576 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 30 ], [ 36, 51 ], [ 73, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rosie O'Gravy (voiced by Elizabeth Hanna) - A beautiful Rough Collie who is the chief of detectives and Ace's love interest.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 23971025, 522413 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 41 ], [ 57, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eddie (voiced by Stuart Stone) - An English Springer Spaniel news-pup who often tags along on Ace Hart's cases.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 5862428, 375409 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 30 ], [ 37, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bugsy Vile (voiced by John Stocker) - A bulldog who is a crime boss. As the \"Dogfather of Crime,\" he is the main enemy of Ace Hart.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 2385047, 242068, 2029109 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 35 ], [ 41, 48 ], [ 58, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Frisky (voiced by James Rankin) - A chihuahua who is Bugsy Vile's excitable henchman.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 26998504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mad Dog (voiced by Stephen Ouimette) - Bugsy Vile's psychotic mongrel henchman.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 1363202, 518441 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 36 ], [ 63, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bruiser (voiced by Howard Jerome) - Bruiser is Bugsy Vile's tough nephew and henchman.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kitty (voiced by Paulina Gillis) - A female cat who serves as Bugsy's gun moll. She owns The Kitty Cat Club which is often used as a hideout and front for Bugsy Vile's group.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 2474825, 6678, 1310673 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 32 ], [ 45, 48 ], [ 71, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Baron Von Rottweiler (voiced by Phil Hartman) - A villainous German Rottweiler who is the secondary enemy of Ace Hart.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 79915, 100840, 271052 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 33, 45 ], [ 69, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Leon Burger - A dachshund who serves as valet and henchman to Baron Von Rottweiler. He doesn't talk for some reason.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 8518, 525914 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 26 ], [ 41, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mayor Kickbark (voiced by Stephen Ouimette) - The Mayor of Dog City. He is always undermining Rosie O'Gravy.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 101146, 1363202 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 27, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Spunky the Flunky (voiced by John Stocker) - Mayor Kickbark's aide.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 2385047 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dot (voiced by Tara Strong) - Rosie O'Gravy's cute and lovely niece. She often appears with Rosie in \"The Adventures of Rosie and Dot\" segments. Her only dialogue was \"Why\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 315567 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Steven (voiced by George Buza) - Steven was a canine watchman who was often seen in the animated segment with Yves.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 3214471, 19283898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 30 ], [ 54, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yves (voiced by Rino Romano) - A cat burglar who debuted in the third season. He would try to steal something only to get thwarted comically by Steven.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 2171626, 6678, 170717 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 28 ], [ 34, 37 ], [ 38, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sam Spayed (voiced by Toby Huss) - An old police dog who served as a teacher and father figure to the young Ace Hart. His name is a pun on the Dashiell Hammett character Sam Spade.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 1517153, 537859, 144853, 433630 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 32 ], [ 43, 53 ], [ 144, 160 ], [ 171, 180 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sherlock Bones (voiced by Andrew Dice Clay) - An English bloodhound detective who was a rival to Ace until he was exposed as an art thief. His name is a spoof of Sherlock Holmes.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 432972, 22220263, 27159 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 43 ], [ 58, 68 ], [ 163, 178 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Woof Pack - A team of superhero dogs. The group was featured in comic vignettes, approaching mundane tasks like grocery shopping from a superheroic perspective.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Watch Dog - Watchdog is a superhero who is a parody of Batman where his name is take on Alan Moore's graphic novel Watchmen. Watch Dog carries hourglasses which act as gas canisters, and constantly uses time and clock related gadgets and metaphors. In \"Who Watches the Watch Dog,\" Watch Dog's creator Fob Canine (a caricature of Bob Kane) posed as Watch Dog where he has his fellow comic book artist pose as the Labrador Gang in order to get Watch Dog to be popular again. Watch Dog is also the leader of the superhero group called the Woof Pack when the \"Woof Pack\" segments debuted in Season 3.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 4335, 18932702, 33816, 548725 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 62 ], [ 89, 99 ], [ 116, 124 ], [ 330, 338 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Plastic Lassie - A collie with the power of elasticity and member of the Woof Pack.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 514203 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pectoral Pooch - A dog with super-strength and member of the Woof Pack.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Hear Boy - A sound-sensitive superhero and member of the Woof Pack.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Wonder Whelp - The smallest, and youngest member of the Woof Pack.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Eliot Shag (performed by Kevin Clash) - A German Shepherd who is the animator of Ace Hart's adventures. He often communicates with Ace Hart and would be interrupted by his girlfriend or Bruno. In \"Who Watches the Watch Dog,\" it is revealed that Elliot is a fan of a superhero called the Hooded Hound. Seeing as Eliot is a Live-Hand Muppet, Kevin Clash is assisted in operating Eliot by Don Reardon who operates Eliot's right hand.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 772112, 79289 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 37 ], [ 43, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Artie Springer (performed by Joey Mazzarino) - An English Springer Spaniel, Artie Springer is Eliot's young friend and son of Terri Springer. His favorite squeaky toy, a yellow rabbit called Mr Mookie, eventually starred in its own cartoon. Artie's puppet was previously seen as a background character in the original special. He served as the inspiration for Eddie.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 38872027, 375409, 36681241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 44 ], [ 51, 75 ], [ 156, 167 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Colleen Barker (performed by Fran Brill) - A Rough Collie who is Eliot's neighbor and girlfriend. She is said to have moved away from the apartment when the character was dropped by Season Two. She was the first inspiration for Rosie O'Gravy.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 231804, 522413 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 40 ], [ 46, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Terri Springer (performed by Fran Brill) - Terri Springer is an English Springer Spaniel who debuts in Season Two. She is Eliot's neighbor, Artie's mother, and a beautiful businesswoman. She served as the new inspiration for Rosie O'Gravy.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 231804, 375409 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 40 ], [ 65, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bruno (performed by Brian Muehl) - Bruno is a bulldog who is the surly building superintendent of the apartment that Eliot lives in and has a tendency to hassle Elliot. He served as the inspiration for Bugsy Vile.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 26463907, 242068, 2855844 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 32 ], [ 47, 54 ], [ 72, 95 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bowser (performed by David Rudman) - Bowser is a St. Bernard who is the hulking slow-witted handyman and Bruno's assistant who has a tendency to aide of hinder him. He served as the inspiration for Bruiser.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 3019660, 550028, 350095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 34 ], [ 50, 61 ], [ 93, 101 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ms. Fluffé (performed by Lisa Buckley) - A cat who is the landlady of the apartment that Eliot lives in. Ms. Fluffé often comes in conflict with Bruno over building policies and his tendency towards incompetence where Bruno generally kowtows to her. She served as the inspiration for Kitty.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 544226, 6678, 538368 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 38 ], [ 44, 47 ], [ 59, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fran Brill as Terri Springer, Colleen Barker", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 231804 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lisa Buckley as Ms. Fluffé (Seasons 2 and 3)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 544226 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kevin Clash as Eliot Shag", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 772112 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Kennedy as Additional characters", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 14928992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Noel MacNeal as Doctor (ep. 23)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 6748350 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jim Martin as Bob Katz (ep. 12)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 3312236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Joey Mazzarino as Artie Springer", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 38872027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Brian Muehl as Bruno", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 26463907 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Carmen Osbahr as Additional characters", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 5515925 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Don Reardon as Assistant Puppeteer for Eliot Shag", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Martin P. Robinson as Mr. McTaggert (ep. 6), Scratch McCollie (ep. 23)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 306111 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David Rudman as Bowser, Bram (ep. 7) Colonel Claghound (ep. 16)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 3019660 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Buza as Steven", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 3214471 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tara Charendoff as Dot", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 315567 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Paulina Gillis as Kitty", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 2474825 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elizabeth Hanna as Rosie O'Gravy", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 23971025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dan Hennessey as Baron Von Rottweiler, Meat the Butcher (ep. 3), Additional Voices", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 3480604 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Howard Jerome as Bruiser", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Stephen Ouimette as Mad Dog, Mayor Kickbark", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 1363202 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " James Rankin as Frisky, Screwy Louie (ep. 2)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Rino Romano as Yves", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 2171626 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Stocker as Bugsy Vile, Spunky the Flunky", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 2385047 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stuart Stone as Eddie", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 5862428 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ron White as Ace Hart", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 17972650 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Len Carlson", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 1899930 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Colin Fox as Claude Baddeley (ep. 12)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 4692500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marvin Goldhar", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 19924552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Don Francks as Fob Canine/Watchdog", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 1789576 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Keith Knight", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 18992305 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tony Rosato", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 3207183 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ron Rubin", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 15603930 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter Wildman", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 8425378 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Two VHS tapes with two episodes each were released by Sony Wonder. Much Ado About Mad Dog contains the episodes Much Ado About Mad Dog and Old Dogs, New Tricks. The Big Squeak contains the episodes The Big Squeak and Boss Bruiser. Another tape, Disobedience School was released in the UK through Channel 4 and contains the episodes Disobedience School, The Dog Pound, and Radio Daze.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Home releases", "target_page_ids": [ 3151372, 6321 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 65 ], [ 296, 305 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dog City: The Movie was released to UK exclusive region 2 DVD, and a Region 1 DVD was released on June 8, 2010, though the series has not had any DVD release. Most episodes of all three seasons are available from Amazon Video on Demand.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Home releases", "target_page_ids": [ 1692431, 6891537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 57 ], [ 214, 236 ] ] } ]

[ "1990s_American_animated_television_series", "1990s_American_police_comedy_television_series", "1992_American_television_series_debuts", "1994_American_television_series_endings", "1990s_Canadian_animated_television_series", "1992_Canadian_television_series_debuts", "1994_Canadian_television_series_endings", "Jetix_original_programming", "Fox_Kids_original_programming", "Fox_Broadcasting_Company_original_programming", "Channel_4_original_programming", "YTV_(Canadian_TV_channel)_original_programming", "The_Muppets_television_series", "American_television_shows_featuring_puppetry", "American_television_series_with_live_action_and_animation", "American_children's_animated_comedy_television_series", "American_children's_animated_fantasy_television_series", "American_children's_animated_mystery_television_series", "American_detective_television_series", "Canadian_television_shows_featuring_puppetry", "Canadian_television_series_with_live_action_and_animation", "Canadian_children's_animated_comedy_television_series", "Canadian_children's_animated_fantasy_television_series", "Canadian_children's_animated_mystery_television_series", "Television_series_by_The_Jim_Henson_Company", "Animated_television_series_about_dogs", "Television_series_by_Nelvana", "Television_soap_opera_parodies", "Comedy_franchises" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "In economics, hedonic regression is a revealed preference method for estimating the monetary value of the characteristics of a good. It breaks down the good or item being researched into its characteristics, and obtains estimates of the monetary value contribution of each characteristic. Hedonic regression models are most commonly estimated using regression analysis, where the overall price of the good is treated as the dependent variable and the characteristics of the good become the explanatory variables (typically dummy coded or linear coefficients). As also possible in regression models, Hedonic regression models can accommodate non-linearity, variable interaction, or other more complex valuation approaches. ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 9223, 1956359, 826997 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 12 ], [ 38, 57 ], [ 349, 368 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hedonic models are commonly used in real estate appraisal and real estate economics, as houses have a variety of easily-measured traits (Such as the number of rooms, overall size, or distance from certain amenities) which make them more amenable to hedonic regression models than most other goods. Hedonic regression is also used in consumer price index (CPI) calculations, where it is used to control for the effects of changes in product quality. Price changes that are due to substitution effects are subject to hedonic quality adjustments.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 871336, 1327762, 217152, 469730 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 57 ], [ 62, 83 ], [ 333, 353 ], [ 479, 498 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Although product characteristics are neither produced nor consumed in isolation, hedonic price models assume that the price of a product reflects embodied characteristics valued by some implicit or shadow prices. In empirical studies, these implicit characteristic prices are coefficients that relate prices and attributes in a regression model. Hedonic price regression models are estimated using secondary data on prices and attributes of different product or service alternatives. In working with longitudinal data, one adds period-specific dummies and uses their regression coefficients to estimate quality-adjusted price indices. In hedonic regression, independent variables typically include performance-related product and service attributes. Such product characteristics represent not only value to the user but also resource cost to the producer. It has been demonstrated however that prices in hedonic regression are not determined completely by technical factors and performance-related characteristics. Brand-name and market-segment effects can explain price distortions and premiums that are charged over and above any allowance made for differences in measurable product performance.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 2499813 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 500, 517 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Certain environmental services often influence the market prices. The Hedonic pricing method is often brought into play in order to assess the economic values of such services.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 211295 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "This method finds its application to reveal the effect of environmental attributes in changes in the local real estate pricing. It is frequently used for estimating costs related to:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 47707435 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 107, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The overall quality of the environment in terms of air pollution, water pollution, open space and noise", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 10934212, 312266, 20623119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 65 ], [ 67, 82 ], [ 84, 94 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Environmental amenities which include aesthetic sights and closeness to recreational sites such as parks, beaches, etc.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "It is important to note that the hedonic pricing method is based on the fact that prices of goods in a market are affected by their characteristics. For example, the price of a pair of pants will depend on the comfort, the cloth used, the brand, the fit, etc. So this method helps us estimate the value of a commodity based on people's willingness to pay for the commodity as and when its characteristics change.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 7958909 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 336, 354 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A particular example which is used most often is the real estate market, where the value of two different properties which are otherwise comparable will vary depending on the various environmental amenities present in the surrounding areas of these properties.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "If there is a measurable price drop of properties located near a dump yard (as compared to other locations), the difference in the prices point towards the external cost of the dump yard. It is the marginal willingness to pay (in higher housing prices) for the given difference in cleanliness and serenity of the locality. Hedonic Regression methods are used to estimate these price differentials.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Hedonic Pricing Method (HPM) as mentioned earlier is a form of revealed preference method of valuation and it uses surrogate markets to estimate the value of the environmental amenity.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Surrogate market is a concept that one uses when one cannot directly estimate the market prices for certain environmental goods. Therefore, a similar good sold in the market is chosen as a proxy.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 211295, 5272544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 82, 95 ], [ 108, 126 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For example, if we want to know the value of clean air estimated by an individual, they may reveal their preference in the form of establishing their house in a clean society and paying an extra premium for the same. Thus, with the help of Hedonic Pricing Method, the environmental component of the value and the market price can be separated. In turn, this market price is used as a surrogate for the environmental value.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In real estate economics, hedonic pricing is used to adjust for the problems associated with researching a good that is as heterogeneous as buildings. Because buildings are so different, it is difficult to estimate the demand for buildings generically. Instead, it is assumed that a house can be decomposed into characteristics such as number of bedrooms, size of lot, or distance to the city center. A hedonic regression equation treats these attributes (or bundles of attributes) separately, and estimates prices (in the case of an additive model) or elasticity (in the case of a log model) for each of them. This information can be used to construct a price index that can be used to compare the price of housing in different cities, or to do time series analysis. As with CPI calculations, hedonic pricing can be used to correct for quality changes in constructing a housing price index. It can also be used to assess the value of a property, in the absence of specific market transaction data. It can also be used to analyze the demand for various housing characteristics, and housing demand in general. It has also been used to test assumptions in spatial economics.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Hedonic models and real estate valuation", "target_page_ids": [ 3180547 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 123, 136 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, or USPAP, provides for mass appraisal standards to govern the use of hedonic regressions and other automated valuation models when used for real estate appraisal. Appraisal methodology treats the hedonic regression as essentially a statistically robust form of the sales comparison approach. Hedonic models are commonly used in tax assessment, litigation, academic studies, and other mass appraisal projects.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Hedonic models and real estate valuation", "target_page_ids": [ 11809056, 871336, 2873387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 56 ], [ 198, 219 ], [ 324, 349 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "While studying the application of the Hedonic Pricing Method, the first assumption made is the value of a house is affected by a particular combination of characteristics that it possesses given that properties with better qualities demand higher prices as compared to properties with lower qualities. This is the Hedonic Pricing Function.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The price of a house will thus be affected by the structural characteristics", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " of the house itself, characteristics of the locality/neighbourhood", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": ", and environmental characteristics", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": ".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Structural Characteristics could be anything from size of the house, to the number of rooms, type of flooring, etc. Neighbourhood attributes include variables like posh-ness of the locality, quality of roads, etc. And the environmental characteristics are variables such quality of air, proximity to parks, beaches, dumping yards, etc.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The analysis takes place in two stages.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The first stage involves employing regression techniques to estimate the Hedonic Price Function of the property. This function will relate the prices of many properties in the same housing area to the different characteristics.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "So the Price Function is of the form", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "This function could be linear or non-linear. The prices may change at an increasing or decreasing rate when the characteristics change.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 91591, 146103 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 29 ], [ 33, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When you now differentiate the price function with respect to any one of the above characteristics, the implicit price function for that particular characteristic is yielded. It is considered implicit because the price function is indirectly revealed to us by what the people are willing to pay in order to obtain better quality or quantities of the characteristic.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In the second stage, these implicit prices are regressed against the actual quantities/qualities chosen by the people in order to attain the marginal willingness to pay for the amenity. The results of this analysis will indicate the changes in property values for a unit change in each characteristic, given that all the other characteristics are constant. Some variables however may be correlated. This will result in similar changes in their values.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 7958909, 5775306, 437701, 157057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 150, 168 ], [ 177, 184 ], [ 362, 371 ], [ 387, 397 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A hedonic price analysis has been applied to smartphones using the least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (LASSO) to identify the functional features that are the best predictors of a smartphone's price.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Hedonic models have also been used to calculate fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) royalties for standard-essential patents.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Application of the hedonic pricing method", "target_page_ids": [ 657137 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 88 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Versatility: The method can be comfortably adapted to take into consideration the several probable interactions between environmental quality and the marketed goods.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Advantages", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " This method is often used to approximate the values based on the actual choices of the people.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Advantages", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The real estate market is a good indication of the values as it is relatively efficient in responding to information.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Advantages", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " It is comparatively easier to obtain data on property sales and characteristics and can be easily compared to secondary data sources in order to acquire the descriptive variables for the regression analysis.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Advantages", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The scope of applying this model is restricted and limited to measuring the environmental benefits related to housing prices only.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The amount of data that needs to be collected and worked with is very large.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " An assumption of the model is that everyone should have prior knowledge of the potential positive and negative externalities that are associated with purchasing the real estate property. For example, it is important that they know before-hand about the level of pollution in a locality situated near an industrial site. This assumption, however, is generally seen as unrealistic. ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [ 61193 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 112, 125 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The availability and accessibility of data directly affects the amount of time and the expense that will be undertaken to carry out an application of the model.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " This method estimates people's willingness to pay for the supposed variation in environmental qualities and their consequences. However, if the people are unaware of the relation between the environmental qualities and their benefits to them or the property, then the value will not be reflected in the price of the property.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Market Limitations: This model makes an assumption that, given their income, people have the opportunity to choose the combination of attributes they prefer. What it fails to see is that the real estate market can also be affected by external factors such as interest rates, taxation, etc. For example, suppose a family wishes to purchase a property near a popular city center, having a garden and of a large area. In reality, it may be possible that a house near the city center is comparatively smaller in size or does not have a garden.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [ 47707435, 163115, 30297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 192, 203 ], [ 260, 274 ], [ 276, 284 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Multicollinearity: Sometimes, there could be a case when larger properties are only available in cleaner non-polluted areas and smaller properties are found in more urban and polluted environments. In such cases, it would be difficult to separate pollution and the size of property exactly.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [ 1486691, 24872 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 248, 257 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Price Changes: Another assumption is that prices in the market will automatically adjust to any changes in the attributes. In reality, there is a lag especially in localities where purchase and sale of real estate is limited. ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The model is relatively complex to interpret and requires a high level of statistical knowledge and expertise.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Limitations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Many commentators, including but certainly not exclusively Austrian economists, have criticized the US government's use of hedonic regression in computing its CPI, fearing it can be used to mask the true inflation rate and thus lower the interest it must pay on Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) and Social Security cost of living adjustments.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Criticism", "target_page_ids": [ 1030, 469008, 48728 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 79 ], [ 263, 302 ], [ 314, 329 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The use of hedonic models to adjust consumer price indexes in other countries has shown that non-hedonic methods produce higher inflation estimates over time because they are not designed to take quality changes into account. But hedonic models have been criticized as underestimating inflation by over estimating the value of quality changes, and by failing to account for aspects of quality deterioration.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Criticism", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Hedonic index", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 17824450 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Compensating differential", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 12708965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kelvin Lancaster", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 898849 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dynamic pricing", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 8786058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Curated bibliography at IDEAS/RePEc", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 4510308 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 36 ] ] } ]

[ "Urban_economics", "Single-equation_methods_(econometrics)", "Economic_data", "Real_estate_valuation", "Regression_models" ]

[ "hedonic pricing method" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Theistic science, also referred to as theistic realism, is the pseudoscientific proposal that the central scientific method of requiring testability, known as methodological naturalism, should be replaced by a philosophy of science that allows occasional supernatural explanations which are inherently untestable. Proponents propose supernatural explanations for topics raised by their theology, in particular evolution.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 23047, 42796964, 37010, 55382 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 79 ], [ 159, 184 ], [ 210, 231 ], [ 255, 267 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Supporters of theistic realism or theistic science include intelligent design creationism proponents J. P. Moreland, Stephen C. Meyer and Phillip E. Johnson.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 15295, 1752682, 1165405, 261307 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 77 ], [ 101, 115 ], [ 117, 133 ], [ 138, 156 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Instead of the relationship between religion and science being a dialogue, theistic science seeks to alter the basic methods of science. As Alvin Plantinga puts it, this is a \"science stopper\", and these concepts lack any mainstream credence.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 29266, 88839 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 56 ], [ 141, 156 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Context: see timeline of intelligent design.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Johnson", "target_page_ids": [ 11821707 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1987 the United States Supreme Court ruled in Edwards v. Aguillard that a Louisiana law requiring that creation science be taught in public school science classes, along with evolution, was unconstitutional because the law was specifically intended to advance a particular religion. Academic UC Berkeley law professor Phillip E. Johnson, a prominent supporter of the law, became convinced that creationists had lost the case because the methodological naturalism used by the scientific community in defining science does not include supernatural processes, and therefore (unfairly, in his opinion) excluded creationism. He concluded that creationists must therefore redefine science to restore the supernatural, and developed the wedge strategy. The intelligent design movement began with the publication of Of Pandas and People in 1989, and Johnson later became its de facto leader.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Johnson", "target_page_ids": [ 43047, 7683, 261307, 5326, 42796964, 338705, 26700, 55382, 55382, 1515964, 1165345, 1602010 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 69 ], [ 106, 122 ], [ 321, 339 ], [ 397, 409 ], [ 440, 465 ], [ 478, 498 ], [ 511, 518 ], [ 536, 548 ], [ 701, 713 ], [ 733, 747 ], [ 753, 780 ], [ 811, 831 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In his 1995 book Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law and Education, Johnson labelled his position theistic realism which, in contrast to methodological naturalism, assumed \"that the universe and all its creatures were brought into existence for a purpose by God. Theistic realists expect this 'fact' of creation to have empirical, observable consequences that are different from the consequences one would observe if the universe were the product of non rational causes\". While \"God always has the option of working through regular secondary mechanisms\" which were often to be seen, \"many important questions—including the origin of genetic information and human consciousness—may not be explicable in terms of unintelligent causes\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Johnson", "target_page_ids": [ 42796964 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 168, 193 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In an essay written in 1996, Johnson wrote of the intelligent design movement that \"My colleagues and I speak of 'theistic realism' — or sometimes, 'mere creation' — as the defining concept of our movement. This means that we affirm that God is objectively real as Creator, and that the reality of God is tangibly recorded in evidence accessible to science, particularly in biology.\" Johnson presents theistic realism as a philosophical justification for intelligent design in his book, Reason in the Balance. According to Johnson, true knowledge begins with the acknowledgment of God as creator of the universe, the unifying characteristic of which is that it was created by God. Theistic realism relies on a concept of God which involves the notions that He is real, personal, and acting in the world through mechanistic creationism.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Johnson", "target_page_ids": [ 1165345, 13692155, 15295, 243391, 5042765, 31880, 30843, 5326 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 77 ], [ 423, 436 ], [ 455, 473 ], [ 537, 546 ], [ 581, 584 ], [ 603, 611 ], [ 682, 690 ], [ 824, 835 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Wedge Document of 1999 states \"Design theory promises to reverse the stifling dominance of the materialist world view, and to replace it with a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Johnson", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Moreland describes theistic science as a research program that is \"rooted in the idea that Christians ought to consult all they know or have reason to believe in forming and testing hypotheses, explaining things in science and evaluating the plausibility of various hypotheses, and among the things they should consult are propositions of theology (and philosophy)\", and defines its two central propositions as:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Moreland", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"God, conceived of as a personal, transcendent agent of great power and intelligence, has through direct, primary agent causation and indirect, Secondary Causation created and designed the world for a purpose and has directly intervened in the course of its development at various times (including prehistory, history prior to the arrival of human beings),\" and", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Moreland", "target_page_ids": [ 37756305 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 144, 163 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"The commitment expressed in proposition 1 can appropriately enter into the very fabric of the practice of science and the utilization of scientific methodology\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Moreland", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He recommends that the way science is practised should be fundamentally altered to make God's intervention an acceptable scientific explanation, but would not apply this in all areas, as \"theologians have little interest in whether a methane molecule has three or four hydrogen atoms\". He would see miraculous intervention being needed as God \"designed the world for a purpose\", and \"has directly intervened in the course of its development at various points\" which would include \"directly creating the universe, first life, the basic kinds of life, and humans\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Moreland", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In a 1991 paper, Plantinga identifies theistic science with creation science:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Plantinga", "target_page_ids": [ 7683 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He suggests that generally God uses secondary causes, but miracles may be needed when theistic scientists are unable to find a materialistic explanation. In 1997 he wrote \"Why couldn't a scientist think as follows? God has created the world, and of course He created everything in it directly or indirectly. After a great deal of study, we can't see how he created some phenomenon P (life, for example) indirectly; thus probably he has created it directly.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Plantinga", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Plantinga also refers to this concept as Augustinian science, and states that \"in doing Augustinian science, you start by assuming the deliverances of the faith, employing them along with anything else you know in dealing with a given scientific problem or project.\" Plantinga argues for the acceptance of differing worldview-partisan sciences in place of a single common science.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Plantinga", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Plantinga employs a conflict thesis in assessing the relationship between religion and science. These views have been criticised by Christian physicist Howard J. Van Till, who rejects the conflict thesis, for relying on \"folk exegesis\" in his assessment of the bible's teachings on creation. Van Till argues that the problem is not evolution, but its misuse for \"naturalistic apologetics\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Plantinga", "target_page_ids": [ 4363081, 29266, 23291660 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 35 ], [ 53, 94 ], [ 152, 170 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Philosopher and Roman Catholic priest Ernan McMullin also disagrees with Plantinga's call for a theistic science, stating that it should not be considered to be science at all, and suggesting that Plantinga seriously understates the evidential support for evolution. Plantinga only disagrees with naturalism, not with evolution.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Plantinga", "target_page_ids": [ 10275562, 9236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 52 ], [ 256, 265 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Similar ideas have been expressed by George M. Marsden and Mehdi Golshani (the latter referring to it as 'Islamic science').", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Others", "target_page_ids": [ 4463335, 1572605 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 54 ], [ 59, 73 ] ] } ]

[ "Creationism", "Christian_philosophy", "Intelligent_design", "Religion_and_science", "Pseudoscience" ]

[ "theistic realism" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Hohenschwangau Castle () is a 19th-century palace in southern Germany. It was the childhood residence of King Ludwig II of Bavaria and was built by his father, King Maximilian II of Bavaria. It is located in the German village of Hohenschwangau near the town of Füssen, part of the county of Ostallgäu in southwestern Bavaria, Germany, very close to the border with Austria.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 11867, 24383069, 260972, 1107797, 971252, 432850, 3764, 11867, 26964606 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 69 ], [ 110, 130 ], [ 165, 189 ], [ 230, 244 ], [ 262, 268 ], [ 292, 301 ], [ 318, 325 ], [ 327, 334 ], [ 366, 373 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The fortress Schwangau (literally translated the Swan District), which was first mentioned in historical records dating from the 12th Century, stood high up on a rock on the site of the present 19th-century Neuschwanstein castle. The knights, later counts of Schwangau, were ministeriales of the Welfs. Hiltbolt von Schwangau (1195–1254) was a minnesinger. Margareta von Schwangau was the wife of minnesinger Oswald von Wolkenstein.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 240912, 3526011, 330634, 165226, 72459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 207, 221 ], [ 275, 288 ], [ 296, 301 ], [ 344, 355 ], [ 409, 431 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The present day Hohenschwangau (\"Upper Schwangau\") castle was first mentioned in 1397, though under the name of Schwanstein. Only in the 19th century the names of the two castles have switched. It was built on a hill above lake Alpsee, below the older fortress. Between 1440 and 1521 the Lords had to sell their fief with Imperial immediacy to the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria, but continued to occupy the castle as Burgraves. In 1521 they became owners again but had to sell their land in 1535. The purchaser, Johann Paumgartner, a wealthy Augsburg merchant, had the lower castle reconstructed by Italian architect Lucio di Spazzi who already worked on the Hofburg, Innsbruck. He kept the exterior walls and the towers but rebuilt the inner parts until 1547, on a floor plan that still today exists. The older Schwangau fortress however continued to fall into ruins. Paumgartner, after having been elevated to the rank of baron, died in 1549 and his sons sold their new castle to Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1057256, 38848, 196447, 37787, 40825441, 585887, 415476 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 322, 340 ], [ 348, 359 ], [ 416, 424 ], [ 541, 549 ], [ 658, 676 ], [ 765, 775 ], [ 981, 1013 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Wittelsbachs used the castle for bear hunting or as a retreat for agnatic princes. In 1743 it was plundered by Austrian troops. In the German mediatization the county of Schwangau became officially a part of the Electorate of Bavaria in 1803. King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria sold the castle in 1820. Only in 1832 his grandson Maximilian II of Bavaria, then crown prince, bought it back. In April 1829, he had discovered the historic site during a walking tour and reacted enthusiastically to the beauty of the surrounding area. He acquired the dilapidated building – then still known as Schwanstein – in 1832, abandoning his father's wish that he should move into the old castle (Hohes Schloss) in the nearby town of Füssen. In February 1833, the reconstruction of the castle began, continuing until 1837, with additions up to 1855. The architect in charge, Domenico Quaglio, was responsible for the neogothic style of the exterior design. He died in 1837 and the task was continued by Joseph Daniel Ohlmüller (died 1839) and Georg Friedrich Ziebland. More than 90 wall paintings (by such artists as Lorenzo Quaglio and Michael Neher) represent the history of Schwangau, as well as medieval German romances such as Parzival and the story of Lohengrin, the Knight of the Swan, on which Richard Wagner later based his operas Lohengrin of 1848 and Parsifal of 1882, sponsored by Ludwig II who had grown up with these stories at Hohenschwangau.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1807702, 295384, 260972, 971252, 13492171, 13485108, 28281944, 1396135, 1941819, 1941761, 25452, 38150, 38235 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 139, 159 ], [ 252, 282 ], [ 334, 358 ], [ 725, 731 ], [ 866, 882 ], [ 1108, 1123 ], [ 1128, 1141 ], [ 1223, 1231 ], [ 1249, 1258 ], [ 1264, 1282 ], [ 1293, 1307 ], [ 1331, 1340 ], [ 1353, 1361 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hohenschwangau was the official summer and hunting residence of Maximilian, his wife Marie of Prussia, and their two sons Ludwig (the later King Ludwig II of Bavaria) and Otto (the later King Otto I of Bavaria). The young princes spent many years of their adolescence here. Queen Marie who loved to hike in the mountains created an alpine garden with plants gathered from all over the alps. The King and the Queen lived in the main building, and the boys in the annex. The Queen's cousin, Frederick William IV of Prussia, had Stolzenfels Castle on the Rhine rebuilt at the same time in the Gothic Revival style.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 3488079, 24383069, 193693, 236780, 20284451, 311821 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 101 ], [ 145, 165 ], [ 192, 209 ], [ 489, 520 ], [ 526, 544 ], [ 590, 604 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "King Maximilian died in 1864 and his son Ludwig succeeded to the throne, moving into his father's room in the castle. As Ludwig never married, his mother Marie was able to continue living on her floor during the summer months. King Ludwig enjoyed living in Hohenschwangau, however mostly in the absence of his disliked mother, especially after 1869 when the building of his own castle, Neuschwanstein, began on the site of the old Schwangau fortress, high above his parents' castle.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 240912 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 386, 400 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After Ludwig's death in 1886, Queen Marie was the castle's only resident until she in turn died in 1889. Her brother-in-law, Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria, lived on the 3rd floor of the main building. He was responsible for the electrification in 1905 and the installation of an electric elevator. Luitpold died in 1912 and the palace was opened as a museum during the following year.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1426211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 139, 158 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During World War I and World War II, the castle suffered no damage. In 1923, the Bavarian State Parliament recognised the right of the former royal family to reside in the castle. From 1933 to 1939, Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria and his family used the castle as their summer residence, and it continues to be a favourite residence of his successors, currently his grandson Franz, Duke of Bavaria. In May 1941, Prince Adalbert of Bavaria was purged from the military under Hitler's Prinzenerlass and withdrew to the family castle Hohenschwangau, where he lived for the rest of the war.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 4764461, 32927, 545889, 774005, 15565152, 18295980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 18 ], [ 23, 35 ], [ 199, 232 ], [ 378, 400 ], [ 415, 441 ], [ 486, 499 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "More than 300,000 visitors from all over the world visit the palace each year. The castle is open all through the year (except for Christmas). Opening hours are 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (April through September) and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. (October through March). Guided tours are provided in German, English, French, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Czech, Slovenian, and Japanese. Self-guided tours are not available.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Official homepage (in English)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Information for tourists", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ticket information", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Castles_in_Bavaria", "Royal_residences_in_Bavaria", "Palaces_in_Bavaria", "Museums_in_Bavaria", "Historic_house_museums_in_Germany", "Buildings_and_structures_in_Ostallgäu" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Stove Top is a stuffing that was introduced by General Foods in 1972. It is a quick cooking (\"instant\") stuffing that is available in supermarkets. Unlike traditional stuffing, Stove Top can be prepared on the stove, in a pot, and can also be prepared in a microwave oven. It is used as a side dish for meals as well as a medium in which some meats (pork, chicken) can be baked. It is sold in boxes and canisters. In 2005 it was reported that Kraft Heinz, which has owned the brand since 1990, sells about 60 million boxes of Stove Top stuffing at Thanksgiving.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 373998, 1227721, 51862, 58017, 20609697, 5741239, 46223282, 8948452 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 23 ], [ 47, 60 ], [ 134, 145 ], [ 257, 271 ], [ 350, 354 ], [ 356, 363 ], [ 443, 454 ], [ 548, 560 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ruth Siems was the home economist who first created the product. Her name was the first listed on United States Patent 3,870,803 for the product. Her patent was based on a certain size of bread crumb that makes the rehydration, or addition of water, work. In an interview with the Evansville Courier in 1991, Siems said the idea for the instant stuffing came from the marketing department, but it was up to the research and development staff to create the product. The test kitchens, the chefs, and all the workers in research and development were given an opportunity to develop the stuffing, but Siems' idea was the one the company chose. The product originated with an idea from Jack Klinge of the marketing department for a stuffing flavored rice and, after that showed promise, Siems developed the bread crumb based dish we came to know as stove top stuffing.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Invention and patent", "target_page_ids": [ 3212305, 50649, 23273, 1277062, 3452923 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ], [ 19, 33 ], [ 112, 118 ], [ 188, 199 ], [ 281, 299 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There are a variety of flavours, including Chicken, Lower Sodium Chicken, Cornbread, Pork, Beef, Savory Herbs, Traditional Sage, Tomato & Onion, San Francisco Sourdough, Mushroom & Onion, Long Grain & Wild Rice and Roasted Garlic, Turkey, Apple and Cranberry.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Flavors", "target_page_ids": [ 244786, 24542769, 433892, 189345, 24513964, 18978754, 7025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 74, 83 ], [ 104, 109 ], [ 123, 127 ], [ 159, 168 ], [ 231, 237 ], [ 239, 244 ], [ 249, 258 ] ] } ]

[ "Kraft_Foods_brands", "Poultry_dishes", "Products_introduced_in_1972", "Thanksgiving_food" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The Dodge La Femme is a full-sized automobile that was produced by Dodge between 1955 and 1956. The automobile was specifically designed for women. The La Femme option was available on 1955 and 1956 Dodge Custom Royal Lancer models.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 972930, 13673345, 42969, 6157728 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 33 ], [ 35, 45 ], [ 67, 72 ], [ 199, 217 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The La Femme stemmed from the observation of Chrysler's marketing department that more women were taking an interest in automobiles during the 1950s, and that women’s opinions on which color car to buy was becoming part of the decision-making process for couples buying an automobile. The La Femme was an attempt to gain a foothold in the women's automobile market.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Origin", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The La Femme concept was based upon two Chrysler show cars from the 1954 season. Named Le Comte, and La Comtesse, each was built from a Chrysler Newport hardtop body and was given a clear plastic roof over the entire passenger compartment. While the Le Comte was designed using masculine colors, the La Comtesse was painted \"Dusty Rose\" and \"Pigeon Grey\" in order to convey femininity. Favorable responses encouraged Chrysler to pursue the La Comtesse concept.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Origin", "target_page_ids": [ 3621904 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 137, 153 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dodge received the project and renamed the concept the La Femme, which began as a 1955 Dodge Custom Royal Lancer \"spring special\" hardtop two-door coupe, painted \"Sapphire White\" and \"Heather Rose\". From there, the exterior received special gold-colored \"La Femme\" scripts that replaced the standard \"Custom Royal Lancer\" scripts on the cars front fenders.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "1955", "target_page_ids": [ 633247 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 87, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The interior of the car also received attention and features. 1955 La Femme interiors were upholstered in a special tapestry material featuring pink rosebuds on a pale silver-pink background and pale pink vinyl trim. The La Femme came with a keystone-shaped, pink calfskin purse that coordinated with the interior of the car. The purse could be stowed in a compartment in the back of the passenger seat, and its gold-plated medallion faced outward. This brushed-metal medallion was large enough to have the owner's name engraved on it.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "1955", "target_page_ids": [ 87026, 744482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 116, 124 ], [ 455, 468 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Each purse was outfitted with a coordinated set of accessories inside, which included a face-powder compact, lipstick case, cigarette case, comb, cigarette lighter, and change purse, all made of either faux-tortoiseshell plastic and gold-tone metal, or pink calfskin and gold-tone metal, and all were designed and made by “Evans”, a maker of women's fine garments and accessories in Chicago.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "1955", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On the back of the driver's seat was a compartment that contained a raincoat, rain bonnet, and umbrella, all made from a vinyl patterned to match the rosebud interior fabric. Marketing brochures stated that the car was made \"By Special Appointment to Her Majesty... the American Woman.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "1955", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1956, the La Femme returned, with letters from Dodge’s marketing department to dealerships calling the La Femme a \"stunning success\". For 1956, Dodge replaced the Heather Rose and Sapphire White scheme with a Misty Orchid and Regal Orchid color scheme. The interior of the car in 1956 did not take its cue from the 1955 model, and instead featured \"La Femme\"-only seat patterns, headliner, interior paint, and carpet. The fabrics used have proven difficult to reproduce. The seat coverings were made of a heavy white cloth with random, organic-seeming patterns of short lavender and purple loops, in a manner similar to loop-pile carpeting. The headliner cloth was heavy white fabric, with many tiny random splashes of gold paint. The carpeting was loop pile with several shades of lavender and purple. The boxes behind the seats were changed for 1956 to accommodate the rain coat, rain cap and umbrella provided with the model. Both boxes were identical this year, because there was no need to accommodate a purse, which was only offered with the 1955 La Femme.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "1956", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Dodge dropped the La Femme for 1957 and did not revisit the concept. Because the La Femme was an option package ($143), its total production was never broken out from Dodge's production numbers, although research suggests fewer than 2,500 were made over the two-year period. At least 40 known examples exist of the 1955 version and over 20 for the 1956 version, including at least 3 verifiable Dodge D-500 engine optioned 1956 La Femme.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 1971714 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 396, 414 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Many theories exist concerning the low sales of the La Femme trim package. Given the large number of Dodge dealerships in the U.S. at the time, few of them received a demonstration La Femme for their showroom. Entitled “By Special Appointment to Her Majesty... the American Woman\" dealer three-fold single-sheet pamphlets promoted the car as \"in mood and manner\" for a \"discriminating, modern woman.\" Other trim-special models such as the Chrysler 300 letter series, Plymouth Fury, and DeSoto Adventurer were widely promoted.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 378123, 1189715, 4245327 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 439, 465 ], [ 467, 480 ], [ 486, 503 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dodge La Femme Website and Registry", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Dodge_vehicles", "Rear-wheel-drive_vehicles", "Full-size_vehicles", "Coupés", "Stereotypes_of_women", "Cars_introduced_in_1955" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "In sociology and anthropology, an age grade or age class is a form of social organization based on age, within a series of such categories, through which individuals pass over the course of their lives.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 18717981, 569, 5100437 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 12 ], [ 17, 29 ], [ 70, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "This is in contrast to an age set, to which individuals remain permanently attached as the set itself becomes progressively more senior.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1594498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The number of age classes, the determining ages and the terminology vary significantly between traditions. Even within a single society, a person may belong to several overlapping grades in different spheres of life, e.g. per year a different school class and yet for several years on end a child, then an adolescent, finally an adult.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In tribal societies entry into an age grade – generally gender-separated – is often marked by an initiation rite, which may be the crowning of a long and complex preparation, sometimes in retreat. After a period of some years, during which they often perform certain common activities, alone or under senior guidance, members may be initiated either collectively or individually into a more senior age grade. This progression is often accompanied by the revelation of secret knowledge. In most cultures, age grade systems, as with age sets, are the preserve of men, and it is the older men who control a society's secret knowledge, collectively or restricted to a council of elders and/or specific positions such as shaman entrusted with the preparation of initiants.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 45413, 37235, 181626 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 9 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 97, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Closely related age-grade systems are common among East African Cushitic communities. Particularly, the Oromo, a trans-national nation living in Ethiopia and Kenya, have a well-developed age-grade system known as the Gadaa System. [Another example is that of the Maasai] Gadaa through history came to organize social life around the series of five generation grades which assign obligations as well as rights to members of the society. Through Gadaa, many socio-political functions were carried out. For example, the system operated as an educational institution by providing periods of training and skill development in each grade and by casting all those YUBA (who had finished the full cycle consisting of five-grades) in the role of teachers and advisors. The system operated as a judicial institution by assigning a Chief Justice, jurors at the national level and making all LUBA wherever they were into arbitrators and councilors ready to defend the national law.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 22686, 187749, 188171, 2752697 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 104, 109 ], [ 145, 153 ], [ 158, 163 ], [ 217, 222 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Many male age grade systems are associated with patrilineal kinship systems. Male age grade systems associated with matrilineal kinship systems are found among the Austronesian populations of Taiwan.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Cohort (statistics)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 1509191 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Timber metrics", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 16638247 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Age stratification", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 21127927 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ageism", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 22648231 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] } ]

[ "Social_groups", "Anthropological_categories_of_peoples" ]

[ "age cohort", "age class" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The Republic of Austria has a free and public school system, and nine years of education are mandatory. Schools offer a series of vocational-technical and university preparatory tracks involving one to four additional years of education beyond the minimum mandatory level. The legal basis for primary and secondary education in Austria is the School Act of 1962. In 1963 it went back to the way it was. However, in 1999 it finally changed again. ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 26964606, 612857, 56551 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 23 ], [ 39, 59 ], [ 130, 150 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Federal Ministry of Education is responsible for funding and supervising primary, secondary, and, since 2000, also tertiary education. Primary and secondary education is administered on the state level by the authorities of the respective states.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 214486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 194, 199 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Federal legislation played a prominent role in the education system, and laws dealing with education effectively have a de facto constitutional status because, like Austrian constitutional law, they can only be passed or amended by a two-thirds majority in parliament.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 638313, 5802672 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 235, 254 ], [ 258, 268 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "It is mandatory for pupils in Austria to complete eight years of school, four years in elementary school (Volksschule), and four years in a school for lower secondary education (Hauptschule/ Neue Mittelschule) or grammar school (Gymnasium). Students who want to do an apprenticeship additionally need to go to a polytechnic institute (Polytechnische Schule) for a year. After finding an apprentice position they have to attend vocational school (Berufsschule) for three years: this can be done either in block release (5 days a week for about four months) or day release (once a week in the same stretch of time as a normal school). On the days you are at school you don't have to go to work. At the end of those three years, they have to take an exam, the final apprenticeship examination (Lehrabschlussprüfung).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "General education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Pupils who want to get a degree have to complete four to five years at an institution of higher education (Höhere Schule) or a vocational school with higher education entrance qualification (Berufsbildende Höhere Schule). Most of these schools require an entrance exam or demand high marks on your last school certificate. The final exam for either one of those higher education institutions is matriculation (Matura). After that, you are free to go to university, though some subjects may require additional exams (e.g. medicine).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "General education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Private schools that provide primary and secondary education and some teacher training are run mainly, but by no means exclusively, by the Roman Catholic Church and account for approximately 10% of the 6,800 schools and 120,000 teachers. Roman Catholic schools have a reputation for more discipline and rigor than public institutions, and some are considered elite institutions. Because there is no tradition of private university education in Austria, the state has a virtual monopoly on higher education. This has been changing slowly in recent years as private universities become more commonplace.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Private schools", "target_page_ids": [ 612857, 11722032, 29498, 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 29, 36 ], [ 41, 60 ], [ 139, 160 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before 1774, education in Austria was a task of the church: convent schools were therefore the only educational establishments, and school fees were charged. This is why education was only accessible to those who had the means to pay for it, whereas poorer people remained illiterate.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1452366 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Mandatory primary education was introduced by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (17401780), mandating in 1775 that all children of both sexes from the ages of six to twelve had to attend school. Furthermore, textbooks were unified and teacher education was regulated. Even though schooling became compulsory for both girls and boys for a time period of six years, girls were not allowed to attend professional or secondary schools. The Austrian literacy rate became one of the highest in the Habsburg Empire during the beginning of the 19th century due to this development. The first secondary school for girls was opened in 1868, whilst the first gymnasium for girls was founded in 1892. From 1872 girls were also allowed to graduate, yet remained excluded from universities. Women were admitted to the Philosophical Faculty in 1897. In 1900 they were also admitted to the Faculty of Medicine. In 1919, women were admitted to the Faculty of Law, in 1923 to the Faculty of Protestant Theology, and 1946 to the Faculty of Catholic Theology. In 1910 girls were admitted to boys‘ gymnasiums, but they were neither allowed to participate actively in class nor to take part in exams.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 48449, 217203 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 78 ], [ 647, 656 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The history of the Austrian education system after World War II may be characterized as an attempt to transform higher education from a traditional entitlement of the upper social classes to more equal access for all social classes. Before the School Act of 1962, Austria had a “two-track” education system. After four years of compulsory primary education from the ages of six to ten in the elementary school, or Volksschule (pl., Volksschulen), children and their parents had to choose between the compulsory secondary level for eleven- to fourteen-year-olds called the middle school, or Hauptschule (pl., Hauptschulen), or the first four years of an eight-year university preparatory track at higher schools of general education (Allgemeinbildende Höhere Schulen, or AHS). An AHS, also known as a gymnasium, is an institution providing different fields of specialization that grant the diploma (Reifeprüfung or Matura) needed to enter university. (Other than Berufsbildende Höhere Schulen, which also allows access to university, they do not provide graduates with any specific skill immediately useful on the labor market, but concentrate on general education in the humanities, science, and languages).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 32927, 1511778, 2466500, 217203, 346772, 217701 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 63 ], [ 414, 425 ], [ 590, 601 ], [ 800, 809 ], [ 889, 896 ], [ 914, 920 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before the 1962 reform, the great majority of children, more than 90%, attended the compulsory Hauptschule, where they were divided according to their performance in elementary school into two groups: an “A group,” which was directed toward two- to four-year vocational-technical training schools after graduation from the Hauptschule; and a “B group,” which was required to complete one additional year of compulsory education before entrance into apprenticeship programs or the workforce. The remaining elementary-school graduates—less than 10%—enrolled in the AHS at age eleven. Children attending these university-track schools also had to choose a specific course of study.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The rigidity of the two-track system required that the most important educational decision in a child’s life—with all of the implications it had for the future—be made at the age of ten. The decision depended to a great extent on the parents’ background, income, and social status. Children from agricultural backgrounds or of urban working-class parents generally attended the Volkschule and the Hauptschule and then entered the workforce. Children having lower-middle-class backgrounds frequently received vocational-technical training after the Hauptschule, while children from the upper-middle and upper classes, boys, in particular, attended the AHS, which gave them access to university-level education.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The early selection process meant that children of the largest segment of the population, farmers, and workers, were grossly under-represented at higher schools and universities, whereas the children of a relatively small segment of the population, those who had attended higher schools or the universities, were over-represented. Consequently, the education system tended to reproduce or reinforce traditional social structures instead of being a vehicle of opportunity or social mobility.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Act of 1962 and subsequent amendments require that all state-funded schools be open to children regardless of birth, gender, race, status, class, language, or religion. The law also attempts to introduce more flexibility into the traditional two-track system and provide students with a greater degree of latitude within it. Hence, educational (and hence career) decisions can be made at an older age. Although the primary and secondary school system continues to be fundamentally based on the two-track idea, after a series of reforms in the 1970s and 1980s, ten- to fourteen-year-olds are no longer streamed into A and B groups in the Hauptschule. Graduates of this kind of school also have the opportunity to cross over into certain branches of the AHS track at the age of fourteen or to attend a series of different “higher vocational-technical schools” (Berufsbildende Höhere Schulen and Höhere Technische Lehranstalten), which have five-year programs of specialization in various branches of technology (HTL = Höhere Technische Lehranstalt) and business and commerce (HAK = Handelsakademie). Other than the less prestigious three-year Berufsbildende Mittlere Schulen, those schools allow graduates to move on to university.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 11323046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 897, 926 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shifts in enrolment patterns reflect these changes in the school system. In the mid-1960s, less than 10% of all students finished the university preparatory AHS track, and more than 66% of them were male. By the early 1990s, more than 30% of all students finished the AHS track and just above 50% of them were female. Furthermore, a second educational path was developed that permitted some students without a diploma from the university-track AHS to enroll in a university.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "As a general rule, the quality of Hauptschule education is high, especially in rural areas and small communities, where the schools have maintained their traditional social importance and where attendance at an AHS involves commuting considerable distances, or, for the inhabitants of more remote areas, boarding. In urban centers with a full spectrum of educational opportunities, the Hauptschule has become less popular, and parents who would not necessarily have enrolled their children in an AHS a few years ago have begun doing so. The increased enrolments have overburdened the AHS and created a shortage of students at the Hauptschulen and vocational-technical schools.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 88380 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 304, 312 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In some areas, this trend has been strengthened by the number of children of foreign workers in compulsory schools. In 1991, for example, almost 30% of all school-age children in Vienna were children of foreign-born workers, whose mother tongue was not German. In some districts of the city, these children exceeded 70%. Although the children of long-term foreign workers frequently speak German well, the numbers of classes in which students with inadequate mastery of German are over-represented has overburdened the Hauptschule system and made it a less desirable alternative than it used to in the past. Therefore, special remedial and intercultural programs are being developed so that the compulsory school system in Austria can continue to fulfill its educational and social roles.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 55866, 11884 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 179, 185 ], [ 389, 395 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The SPÖ has continued to press for further reforms of the school system. It argued for abolishing the two-track system for ten- to fourteen-year-olds and combining the Hauptschule and the first four years of the AHS into a new comprehensive middle school. , however, this alternative has been limited to some experimental schools. Other political parties, the Austrian People's Party in particular, remain firmly in favor of the current system, claiming that a comprehensive middle school could not accommodate for different levels of capability and talent. They fear a general \"dumbing down\" of secondary education as a result. Owing to the particular nature of Austria's educational laws (a two-thirds majority is required, see above) a multi-party consensus is needed to change the status quo.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 38667888, 152417, 533263 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 7 ], [ 360, 383 ], [ 579, 591 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The official term for Matura in Austria is Reifeprüfung. The document received after the successful completion of the written and oral exams is called Maturazeugnis.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [ 217701 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the gymnasium (AHS = Allgemeinbildende Höhere Schule), which, as opposed to vocational schools, focuses on general education, the Matura consists of 3–4 written exams (referred to as Schriftliche Arbeit, 4–5 hours each) to be taken on consecutive mornings (usually in May) and 2-3 oral exams to be taken on the same half-day about a month later (usually in June). All examinations are held at the school which the candidate last attended. Candidates have to write a scholarly paper (called Vorwissenschaftliche Arbeit) to be submitted at the beginning of February. This paper also needs to be defended in an oral exam.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Vocational schools with a focus on either business and economics or technical subjects, such as commercial academies (HAK = \"Handelsakademie\") and polytechnics (HTL = \"Höhere Technische Lehranstalt\") also finish with the Matura, but last five years as opposed to the four-year Oberstufe (upper stage) of the Gymnasium. In vocational schools, an Ausbildungsschwerpunkt is chosen by all students, which then constitutes the main focus of their schooling, and is a compulsory subject at the Matura examinations.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [ 11323046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 168, 197 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The grading system is the one universally used in Austrian schools: 1 (sehr gut) is excellent; 2 (gut) is good; 3 (befriedigend) is satisfactory; 4 (genügend) is sufficient and 5 (nicht genügend) means that you have failed. In addition, a candidate’s Maturazeugnis contains a formalized overall assessment: \"mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden\" (pass with distinction: an average of 1.5 or better, no grade below 3), \"mit gutem Erfolg bestanden\" (pass with merit: an average of 2.0 or better, no grade below 3), \"bestanden\" (pass: no grade below 4); and nicht bestanden (fail: at least one grade 5). Candidates who have failed may re-take their exams in September/October or February/March of the following school year.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [ 247805 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Compulsory subjects for the written finals are German and Mathematics, as well as a modern foreign language (usually English, French, Spanish or Italian).", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [ 11884, 18831, 8569916, 10597, 26825, 14708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 53 ], [ 58, 69 ], [ 117, 124 ], [ 126, 132 ], [ 134, 141 ], [ 145, 152 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Since 2015 it is centralised, which has caused a lot of critics. There is just one external examiner: Candidates are set tasks of the oral finals by their own (former) teachers. Formally, however, there is an examination board consisting of a candidate’s teachers/examiners, the headmaster/headmistress and a Vorsitzende(r) (head), usually a high-ranking school official or the head of another school. All oral exams are public, but attendance by anyone other than a candidate’s former schoolmates is not encouraged, and indeed rare.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "It is, of course, possible for Austrians of all age groups to take the Matura. Adults from their twenties on are usually tutored at private institutions of adult education before taking their final tests, held separately before a regional examination board.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Criticism of the Austrian Matura has been persistent. In particular, it has been argued that the current system encourages rote learning (see also education reform), hinders students’ creativity and obscures the fact that the body of knowledge is constantly changing. Various forms of alternative assessment have been proposed, most notably the portfolio as well as teamwork and peer review also in exam situations.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [ 217914 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 123, 136 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In fiction, Friedrich Torberg’s novel Der Schüler Gerber (1930) about a Matura candidate driven to suicide on the day of his oral exams by his cruel mathematics teacher has become a classic.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Matura", "target_page_ids": [ 384949, 23713433 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 29 ], [ 32, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Austrian Education system define education technology as\" the use of technology to improve education. It is a systematic, iterative process for designing instruction or training used to improve performance\"", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Education Technology in Austrian Education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Other definition:", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Education Technology in Austrian Education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"Educational technology is the incorporation of Internet and other information technologies into the learning experience\"", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Education Technology in Austrian Education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The General Act for University Education of 1966 and the University Organization Act of 1975 provide the legal framework for tertiary education, and the federal Ministry for Science and Research funds and oversees education at the university level. Austria's 23 public and 13 private universities enjoy a high degree of autonomy and offer a full spectrum of degree programs. Established in 1365, the University of Vienna is Austria’s oldest and largest university.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 31486, 53049 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 125, 143 ], [ 400, 420 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As a result of the reforms since the 1960s, the university system has changed from one serving the elite to one serving the masses. The growing number of students at Austrian universities reflects the liberalization of educational policy at secondary and higher levels. Between the 1955–56 and 1991–92 academic years, the number of students enrolled in institutions of higher education increased from about 19,000 to more than 200,000. The number of students beginning university-level education after completing the AHS program also increased and amounted to 85% in 1990, compared with 60% in the mid-1960s.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 335240 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 166, 187 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Traditionally, students were free to enroll at any (public) university and in any subject they wished to. It is even possible to enroll in several subject fields concurrently (which is often done by gifted students to signal their abilities to the job market). Recently, restrictions in a number of fields have been introduced. Currently, the affected subjects are: Biology, Human Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology, Psychology, Journalism and Economic Sciences.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The reforms also meant that university education ceased to be a male privilege. Between the 1960–61 and 1991–92 academic years, the proportion of female students enrolling at universities rose from 23 to 44%. Yet, although women account for almost half of the students at university level, only 2% of professors at institutions of higher learning were women in 1990.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 1885001 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Despite the increase in the numbers of university students and the greater presence of women, universities remain primarily the domain of middle- and higher-income groups. The proportion of students from working-class backgrounds doubled from 7 to 14%, and the number of these from agricultural backgrounds increased from less than 2% to more than 4% between 1960 and 1990. But children of white-collar workers, civil servants, and the self-employed accounted for more than 80% of enrollments at Austrian institutions of higher education in the early 1990s.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 246818 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 390, 409 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The country’s university system was free until 2001; since then studies have been subject to fees (€366 per term for Austrian citizens, about €700 per term for non-Austrians). In 2008, however, the government decided to abolish fees for students who complete their studies in the minimum time and are EU/EEA citizens, but not for others.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Increased accessibility to university-level education has a number of consequences. The dramatic expansion in the number of students led to overcrowding at many institutions. Some critics maintain that the increasing number of students diminishes the overall quality of university-level education despite increases in federal investment. One obvious problem was that more than 50% of students enrolled at universities in the 1980s dropped out before obtaining a degree. Complex reasons account for this high drop-out rate. Some students simply enrolled to acquire student benefits; others study for the sake of personal enrichment without really intending to get a degree. Some are unable to complete their studies for financial reasons. Although a university degree provides students with a substantial amount of social status and better income opportunities, there has been an increase in “academic unemployment,” especially among degree-holders in the humanities and social sciences.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "During the 1990s, Austria introduced Fachhochschulen (University of Applied Sciences) in addition to the traditional universities. The training at these colleges is more tailored to practically applicable professional skills. Furthermore, students are allowed much less liberty in choosing which and how many courses they take during a given semester, which ensures that virtually all students graduate within the prescribed time (usually three years for the bachelor's degree). Currently (2019), 21 Universities of applied studies exist .", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 385250 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Accreditation of private universities started in 2001, based on a federal law (Universitäts-Akkreditierungsgesetz). Accreditation includes the right to legally grant academic degrees. The Akkreditierungsrat (accreditation council, ) evaluates applicants and issues recommendations to the responsible accreditation authority, the Federal Ministry of Education, Science, and Cultural Affairs. Accreditations must be renewed regularly and can be withdrawn, e.g. in case of repeated academic misconduct. In 2003, the accreditation of International University Vienna was withdrawn. In 2006, when the accreditation of Imadec University expired, the accreditation council rejected the request for renewal. Today (2011), 13 private universities are accredited (listed here).", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 1699468, 167241, 13064280, 2014398, 1699468 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 37 ], [ 166, 181 ], [ 530, 561 ], [ 612, 629 ], [ 760, 764 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The former Minister of Education, Elisabeth Gehrer, of the Schüssel government, has enacted extensive reforms to the higher education system sometimes referred to as the Gehrer-Schüssel reforms during the last years. Effective 2003, universities have become independent juristic persons and have been given considerably more discretion by the law to act without ministerial control. However, codetermination of professors, junior teachers and students has been replaced by a more hierarchical system with a powerful management on top. The university councils, whose members are in part appointed by the government, are in charge of appointing the senior managers (Rektorat) and overseeing their activity.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 2611844, 289453, 9932845, 20646803 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 50 ], [ 59, 67 ], [ 272, 287 ], [ 413, 422 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Three medical universities (Vienna, Graz and Innsbruck) have been separated from their previous almae matres, and after undergoing the appropriate accreditation procedure two other private universities have now been established. Newly appointed professors are no longer government employees, and universities are supposed to compete with each other.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In spite of the potential the increased flexibility gives to universities, there are some severe problems with the reform. First, budgets have not been increased (except to account for inflation), even though it is more expensive to hire professors as private employees, because of taxes and increased social insurance contributions.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Universities are not able to select students for admission, and they are not permitted to penalize students who abuse free access to university and free choice in studies. Moderate tuition fees were introduced in 2001, which are supposed to create a small incentive for students to graduate more quickly.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In Austria, there is no institution comparable to the American college or to the American professional school. Students enroll in one (or more) field of studies, in which they are expected to graduate after four to six years. Since the 1970s, the first degree was the Magister (= Latin for Master, abbr. Mag.) in the humanities, economic and social sciences, law and natural sciences. The first degree in engineering and agriculture is the Diplom-Ingenieur (abbr. Dipl.-Ing. or DI). Recently, and in accordance with the Bologna process, many universities have begun to introduce a bachelor's degree also, which comes before the \"Magister\" or Master.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 5689, 156766, 8185880, 1978155, 363338 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 70 ], [ 90, 109 ], [ 268, 276 ], [ 440, 446 ], [ 520, 535 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Medicine is left as the subject where a doctorate is the only degree (after at least six years). In most subject fields, students need to submit a Diplomarbeit, a research paper of an average of about 100 pages, but sometimes considerably longer. As the requirements differ strongly and are not always clear, some students spend years working on this thesis, thus (usually not deliberately) delaying graduation.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 18957 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Postgraduate degrees such as LL.M.s and MBAs have been introduced since the 1990s.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 464522, 47293 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 34 ], [ 40, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "However, with the Bologna process, Austria has committed to transform its system to the structure of distinguishing between Bachelor and Master degrees (of 3 years and 1–2 years respectively). In some fields, it is still not clear how this will be made compatible with the traditional requirements necessary to enter a regulated profession.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Higher education", "target_page_ids": [ 363338, 188874, 170346 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 33 ], [ 124, 132 ], [ 137, 143 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Debates about educational policy in Austria frequently are the result of different perspectives related to the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional education system. Proponents of the two-track secondary system, for example, defend it as performance oriented and criticize the leveling of achievement or lowering of standards the introduction of a single compulsory middle school would involve. Conversely, opponents of the two-track system criticize its rigidity and inherent absence of equal opportunity. Consequently, such bipolar terms as performance and leveling, elite and mass education, and achievement and equal opportunity prevail in educational debates. In some ", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "The debate on reform", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": ", Austrians of different political and educational policy persuasions may expect too many different things from one university system. They expect it to provide general education, as do state university systems in the United States, and “Ivy League” performance at the same time.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "The debate on reform", "target_page_ids": [ 7858726, 3434750, 14975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 186, 202 ], [ 218, 231 ], [ 238, 248 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "''This page incorporates material from Austria: Country Studies Federal Research Division. See also", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "The debate on reform", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Open access in Austria", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 56871091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Austrian Education system", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Doctoral education in Austria", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Information on education in Austria, OECD - Contains indicators and information about Austria and how it compares to other OECD and non-OECD countries", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Diagram of Austrian education system, OECD - Using 1997 ISCED classification of programmes and typical ages. Also in German", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Education_in_Austria" ]

[ "Austrian education" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Ireland national football team may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ireland national football team (1882–1950), the Irish Football Association's (IFA) original all-island team; first played in 1882", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Association football (soccer)", "target_page_ids": [ 6967081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Northern Ireland national football team, the successor to the original IFA team; sometimes played as \"Ireland\" until the 1970s", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Association football (soccer)", "target_page_ids": [ 426388 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Northern Ireland women's national football team", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Association football (soccer)", "target_page_ids": [ 8371963 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Republic of Ireland national football team, the current Football Association of Ireland (FAI) team, previously played as \"Irish Free State\" and then \"Ireland\"; first played in 1926", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Association football (soccer)", "target_page_ids": [ 578510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Republic of Ireland women's national football team", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Association football (soccer)", "target_page_ids": [ 3748958 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ireland international rules football team", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other sports", "target_page_ids": [ 5402922 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Irish national Australian rules football team", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other sports", "target_page_ids": [ 3392129 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ireland national futsal team", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other sports", "target_page_ids": [ 28129402 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ireland national rugby union team", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other sports", "target_page_ids": [ 955500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ireland national rugby league team", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other sports", "target_page_ids": [ 738863 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Équipe d'Irlande de football", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Other sports", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the bitter partisan disputes between it and the dominant Democratic-Republican Party during the First Party System. President James Monroe strove to downplay partisan affiliation in making his nominations, with the ultimate goal of national unity and eliminating political parties altogether from national politics. The period is so closely associated with Monroe's presidency (1817–1825) and his administrative goals that his name and the era are virtually synonymous.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 63876, 34059, 32086, 32080, 3612962, 15978, 23996, 14458743 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 58, 86 ], [ 193, 204 ], [ 238, 254 ], [ 326, 353 ], [ 365, 383 ], [ 395, 407 ], [ 532, 549 ], [ 626, 645 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During and after the 1824 presidential election, the Democratic-Republican Party split between supporters and opponents of Jacksonian Democracy, leading to the Second Party System.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 40509, 372347, 3652251 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 47 ], [ 123, 143 ], [ 160, 179 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The designation of the period by historians as one of good feelings is often conveyed with irony or skepticism, as the history of the era was one in which the political atmosphere was strained and divisive, especially among factions within the Monroe administration and the Democratic-Republican Party.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The phrase Era of Good Feelings was coined by Benjamin Russell in the Boston Federalist newspaper Columbian Centinel on July 12, 1817, following Monroe's visit to Boston, Massachusetts, as part of his good-will tour of the United States.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6190536, 46835, 23432650, 24437894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 62 ], [ 77, 87 ], [ 98, 116 ], [ 163, 169 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Era of Good Feelings started in 1815 at the end of the War of 1812. Exultation replaced the bitter political divisions between Federalists and Republicans, the North and South, and the East Coast cities and settlers on the American frontier. The political hostilities declined because the Federalist Party had largely dissolved after the fiasco of the Hartford Convention in 1814–15. As a party, Federalists \"had collapsed as a national political force\". The Democratic-Republican Party was nominally dominant, but in practice it was inactive at the national level and in most states.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Post-war nationalism", "target_page_ids": [ 34059, 252507, 32086, 790065, 32080 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 70 ], [ 227, 244 ], [ 293, 309 ], [ 356, 375 ], [ 463, 490 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The era saw a trend toward national institutions that envisioned \"a permanent federal role in the crucial arena of national development and national prosperity\". Monroe's predecessor, President James Madison, and the Republican Party, had come to appreciate – through the crucible of war – the expediency of Federalist institutions and projects, and prepared to legislate them under the auspices of John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay's American System.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Post-war nationalism", "target_page_ids": [ 15950, 34059, 52110, 47620, 5727912 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 194, 207 ], [ 281, 287 ], [ 399, 414 ], [ 419, 429 ], [ 432, 447 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Madison announced this shift in policy with his Seventh Annual Message to Congress in December 1815, subsequently authorizing measures for a national bank and a protective tariff on manufactures. Vetoing the Bonus Bill on strict constructionist grounds, Madison nevertheless was determined, as had been his predecessor, Thomas Jefferson, to see internal improvements implemented with an amendment to the US Constitution. Writing to Monroe, in 1817, Madison declared that \"there has never been a moment when such a proposition to the states was so likely to be approved\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Post-war nationalism", "target_page_ids": [ 55568, 3091152, 26336012, 376560, 29922 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 141, 154 ], [ 161, 178 ], [ 208, 218 ], [ 222, 244 ], [ 320, 336 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The emergence of \"new Republicans\" – undismayed by mild nationalist policies – anticipated Monroe's \"era of good feelings\" and a general mood of optimism emerged with hopes for political reconciliation.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Post-war nationalism", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Monroe's landslide victory against Federalist Rufus King in the 1816 presidential election was so widely predicted that voter turnout was low. A spirit of reconciliation between Republicans and Federalists was well underway when Monroe assumed office in March 1817.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Post-war nationalism", "target_page_ids": [ 261268, 40507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 56 ], [ 64, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As president, Monroe was widely expected to facilitate a rapprochement of the political parties in order to harmonize the country in a common national outlook, rather than party interests. Both parties exhorted him to include a Federalist in his cabinet to symbolize the new era of \"oneness\" that pervaded the nation.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Monroe and political parties", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Monroe reaffirmed his conviction that the Federalist Party was committed to installing a monarch and overthrowing republican forms of government at the first opportunity. He stated that if he appointed a Federalist, he would prolong their inevitable decline and fall, and that his administration would never allow itself to become tainted with Federalist ideology.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Monroe and political parties", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Monroe stated that his drive to eliminate the Federalists was part of his campaign to eliminate party associations altogether from national politics, including his own Republican party. All political parties, he wrote, were incompatible with free government by their very nature. He worked to deflate the Federalist Party through neglect. Federalists were denied political patronage, administrative appointments, and federal support. Monroe indicated that he wished to eradicate Federalists from positions of political power, both Federal and State, especially in its New England strongholds. He believed that any expression of official approval would only encourage hope for a Federalist revival, and this he could not abide.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Monroe and political parties", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Some historians believe that Monroe reduced party politics, evidenced by his unopposed run in the 1820 presidential election. The Federalists ran no candidate to oppose him, running only a vice-presidential candidate, Richard Stockton. Monroe and his vice president Daniel D. Tompkins would have won reelection unanimously through the electoral college, had there not been a handful of faithless electors; one presidential elector cast his vote for John Quincy Adams, while a handful of electors (mostly former Federalists) cast votes for a number of Federalist candidates for Vice President. It remains the last presidential election in which a candidate ran essentially unopposed.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Monroe and political parties", "target_page_ids": [ 40508, 232557, 89099, 85533, 1387946, 15654 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 98, 124 ], [ 218, 234 ], [ 266, 284 ], [ 335, 352 ], [ 386, 403 ], [ 449, 466 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The most perfect expression of the Era of Good Feelings was Monroe's country-wide Goodwill tour in 1817 and 1819. His visits to New England and to the Federalist stronghold of Boston, Massachusetts, in particular, were the most significant of the tour. Here, the descriptive phrase \"Era of Good Feelings\" was bestowed by a local Federalist journal.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "The Great Goodwill Tour and national embrace of republicanism", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The President's physical appearance, wardrobe and personal attributes were decisive in arousing good feelings on the tour. He donned a Revolutionary War officer's uniform and tied his long, powdered hair in a queue according to the old-fashioned style of the 18th century. \"Tall, rawboned, venerable\", he made an \"agreeable\" impression and had a good deal of charm and \"most men immediately liked him ... [in] manner he was rather formal, having an innate sense of dignity, which allowed no one to take liberties. Yet in spite of his formality, he had the ability to put men at their ease by his courtesy, lack of condescension, his frankness, and what his contemporaries looked upon as the essential goodness and kindness of heart which he always radiated.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "The Great Goodwill Tour and national embrace of republicanism", "target_page_ids": [ 771, 5731574, 34987345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 135, 152 ], [ 209, 214 ], [ 232, 271 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Monroe's visit to Boston elicited a huge outpouring of nationalist pride and expressions of reconciliation. New England Federalists were especially eager to demonstrate their loyalty after the debacle of the Hartford Convention. Amidst the festivities – banquets, parades, receptions – many took the opportunity to make the most \"explicit and solemn declarations\" to remove, as Monroe wrote afterwards, \"impressions of that kind, which they knew existed, and to get back into the great family of the union\". Abigail Adams dubbed the catharsis an \"expiation.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "The Great Goodwill Tour and national embrace of republicanism", "target_page_ids": [ 790065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 208, 227 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Here, in the heart of Federalist territory, Monroe gained the primary goal of his tour; in effect, permitting \"the Federalists by solemn public demonstrations to reaffirm their loyalty to the government and their acceptance of Republican control\". Even in this atmosphere of contrition, Monroe was assiduous in avoiding any remarks or expressions that might chasten or humiliate his hosts. He presented himself strictly as the head of state, and not as the leader of a triumphant political party.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "The Great Goodwill Tour and national embrace of republicanism", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In the ensuing years the New England states capitulated, and all but Massachusetts were in Republican Party hands. De-Federalization was virtually complete by 1820 and the appointment of former Federalist Party members seemed in order; however, Monroe feared a backlash even at this advanced stage in the process of amalgamation. Most anti-Federalist sentiments were political posturing, but Monroe was not so secure of support for his domestic and foreign programs and was concerned at the mounting hostilities over the upcoming presidential contest in 1824, a purely intraparty affair. Monroe's final reconciling with the Federalists was never consummated.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "The Great Goodwill Tour and national embrace of republicanism", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Monroe's success in mitigating party rancor produced an appearance of political unity, with almost all Americans identifying themselves as Republicans. His nearly unanimous electoral victory for reelection in 1820 seemed to confirm this.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Failure of amalgamation and rise of the Old Republicans", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Recognizing the danger of intraparty rivalries, Monroe attempted to include prospective presidential candidates and top political leaders in his administration. His cabinet comprised three of the political rivals who would vie for the presidency in 1824: John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun and William H. Crawford. A fourth, Andrew Jackson, held high military appointments. Here, Monroe felt he could manage the factional disputes and arrange compromise on national politics within administration guidelines. His great disadvantage was that amalgamation deprived him of appealing to Republican \"solidarity\" that would have cleared the way for passage of his programs in Congress.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Failure of amalgamation and rise of the Old Republicans", "target_page_ids": [ 15654, 52110, 380656 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 255, 272 ], [ 274, 289 ], [ 294, 313 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"From the moment that Monroe adopted as his guiding principle the maxim that he was head of a nation, not the leader of a party, he repudiated for all practical purposes the party unity\" that would have served to establish his policies. The result was a loss of party discipline. Absent was the universal adherence to the precepts of Jeffersonianism: state sovereignty, strict construction and stability of Southern institutions. Old Republican critics of the new nationalism, among them John Randolph of Roanoke, Virginia, had warned that the abandonment of the Jeffersonian scheme of Southern preeminence would provoke a sectional conflict, North and South, that would threaten the union. Former president James Madison had cautioned Monroe that in any free government, it was natural that party identity would take shape.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Failure of amalgamation and rise of the Old Republicans", "target_page_ids": [ 376560, 318004 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 370, 389 ], [ 488, 512 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The disastrous Panic of 1819 and the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland reanimated the disputes over the supremacy of state sovereignty and federal power, between strict construction of the US Constitution and loose construction. The Missouri Crisis in 1820 made the explosive political conflict between slave and free soil open and explicit. Only through the adroit handling of the legislation by Speaker of the House Henry Clay was a settlement reached and disunion avoided.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Failure of amalgamation and rise of the Old Republicans", "target_page_ids": [ 228288, 146270, 7743069, 47620 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 28 ], [ 53, 74 ], [ 237, 252 ], [ 422, 432 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With the decline in political consensus, it became imperative to revive Jeffersonian principles on the basis of Southern exceptionalism. The agrarian alliance, North and South, would be revived to form Jacksonian Nationalism and the rise of the modern Democratic Party. The interlude of the Era of Good Feelings was at an end.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Failure of amalgamation and rise of the Old Republicans", "target_page_ids": [ 372347, 5043544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 202, 224 ], [ 252, 268 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cited in ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " , cited in American Historical Review, LXV (January 1960), pp.288–301.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " George Dangerfield. The Era of Good Feelings (1952).", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 2679003 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Dangerfield. The Awakening of American Nationalism: 1815–1828 (1965).", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 2679003 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 (2008).", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jenkins, Jeffery A., and Charles Stewart III. \"Committee Assignments as Side Payments: The Interplay of Leadership and Committee Development in the Era of Good Feelings.\" Annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association 1998. online", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kaplan, Lawrence S. \"Jefferson as Anglophile: Sagacity or Senility in the Era of Good Feelings?\" Diplomatic History 16.3 (1992): 487–494.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Phillips, Kim T. \"Democrats of the Old School in the Era of Good Feelings.\" Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 95.3 (1971): 363–382. online", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Silbey, Joel H. \"The Incomplete World of American Politics, 1815–1829: Presidents, Parties and Politics in 'The Era of Good Feelings'.\" Congress & the Presidency: A Journal of Capital Studies 11#1 (1984) 1–17.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Sprague, Stuart Seely. \"Town Making in the Era of Good Feelings: Kentucky 1814–1820.\" Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 72.4 (1974): 337–341. online", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " text of Benjamin Russell editorial", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Primary sources", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Eras_of_United_States_history", "1810s_in_the_United_States", "1820s_in_the_United_States", "Presidency_of_James_Monroe", "Political_history_of_the_United_States" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Shatterglass, a novel by Tamora Pierce, is the fourth book in The Circle Opens series. It takes place four years after the Circle of Magic series.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 61267, 5959032, 4325768 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 38 ], [ 62, 78 ], [ 123, 138 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shatterglass is set in the city of Tharios. It is one of the oldest cities in the World with a strict class system hierarchy, based on their beliefs in reincarnation deciding class status, with those whom live well in their current lives improving their status in their next life. Tharios adheres strictly to their class system, despite a large portion of the cities' profit being produced by Khapik, an area dedicated towards entertainment, where the workers are looked down upon as a lesser class. Much of Tharian society centers around keeping the city clean, spiritually and physically, as all death in Tharios is believed to be unclean. This belief originated in the breakup of the Kurchal Empire and the devastation of the city by the blood plague. The Tharians have a separate class of people called the prathmun who are the lower class citizens dedicated to cleaning and handling the dead.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Plot introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 273595 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 741, 753 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Trisana (Tris) Chandler meets Kethlun (Keth) Warder, a glass mage with a dangerous power: lightning. During their first meeting, he was unconsciously using his unknown ambient powers and accidentally created a living dragon out of glass. Tris saves the dragon from being smashed by Keth, and names it Chime. She later finds out that he had been struck by lightning less than a year ago, and this left him paralyzed and with a great fear of lightning. He learned to walk again, but his speech is a little slow, and he lost his ease at glass-blowing.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Plot summary", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A twenty-year-old man just as stubborn as Tris, Keth won't accept Tris or any of her teachings. He argues with her constantly, and refuses to learn about his lightning abilities, fearing a relapse into paralysis. Tris is surprisingly patient with him as she guides him through meditation and control over his powers. Eventually, Keth learns to trust Tris' instincts, and grudgingly accepts her as his teacher.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Plot summary", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Meanwhile, mysterious murders are taking place. All the murdered women are Yaskedasi, female entertainers who are looked down upon in the town for their immodesty. But when one of the murdered Yaskedasi turns up in the town's central fountain, everyone starts to take notice. The town has a culture of thanatophobia, an irrational fear of death. Each time a person dies, the place must be cleansed by the town's priests when they perform the traditional cleansing ceremony. This ceremony is not only religious, but magical as well, effectively erasing all traces of the murderer, making it impossible for the authorities to track the killer, nicknamed the 'Ghost' by locals.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Plot summary", "target_page_ids": [ 31537853 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 302, 315 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Keth has been asked to attempt to find the Ghost by way of glass balls that only he can make. These balls hold scenes of past crimes in them, causing him to be a suspect at first. Keth and Tris struggle, first against the local authorities, then against each other in the creation of these globes. When Keth's friend Yali is killed by the Ghost, the race takes on new meaning.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Plot summary", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Trisana Chandler (Tris) – Tris is an accomplished weather mage. Held apart by her spectacular range and strength of power, she only wants to fit in. Her strong sense of right and wrong is sorely put to the test in this book, when she is faced with the choice of turning a serial killer (of whom she was the next intended victim) in to the law, or killing him herself.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 4325768 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kethlun Warder (Keth) – Keth was one of the best glassmakers of his generation, a nephew and rumoured heir to the Namorness Imperial Glassmaker. He was struck by lightning, which contributed to the initial loss of his glass making ability, which eventually led him to travel to Tharios. Despite being raised with mage relatives, Keth's Lightning and Glass magic was never recognized due to its ambient nature.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [ 7077266 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Niklaren Goldeye (Niko) – Niko was Tris's teacher, the first person ever to accept her. Now that Tris is a mage in her own right, Niko is her mentor and one of her closest friends. He is a well known scholar, specializing in scrying magic.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Yali – Yali is one of Keth's best friends, and growing into his sweetheart. She is a yaskedasi and therefore looked down upon by 'proper' society, but Keth sees the real her. Her murder causes Keth to rethink his priorities.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Nomasdina Dema – Dema is a young, upperclass police-mage. He was put on the case of the murdered Yaskedasi after traditional methods failed. He must overcome his prejudices and work with Keth and Tris to bring in the Ghost.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Glaki – The four-year-old daughter of one of the women murdered. When Yali, who had taken over caring for her, is also murdered, Tris takes Glaki in. Glaki has academic magic.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Characters", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "2003_American_novels", "2003_fantasy_novels", "American_fantasy_novels", "Emelanese_books" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "WrestleMania V was the fifth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on April 2, 1989, at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. A total of 14 matches were contested at the event.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 24864, 101733, 47146440, 62676, 1645972, 106211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 48 ], [ 49, 71 ], [ 72, 84 ], [ 91, 96 ], [ 113, 139 ], [ 195, 209 ], [ 213, 238 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The main event was Hulk Hogan versus \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship billed \"The Mega Powers Explode\" which Hogan won after a leg drop. Miss Elizabeth was at ringside in a neutral corner for the first half of the main event prior to the referee sending her to the locker room area. The undercard included matches pitting Ravishing Rick Rude against The Ultimate Warrior for the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship, The Hart Foundation (Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart) against Greg Valentine and The Honky Tonk Man, and Demolition (Ax and Smash) against Powers of Pain and Mr. Fuji in a handicap match for the WWF Tag Team Championship.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 301775, 552897, 630463, 1957627, 3241133, 259765, 16704555, 1156120, 684397, 722875, 30873010, 303089, 888715, 690225, 692713, 1589965, 1916138, 576942, 1893412, 1690702, 63995, 985535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 14 ], [ 19, 29 ], [ 37, 61 ], [ 70, 104 ], [ 113, 128 ], [ 162, 170 ], [ 172, 186 ], [ 322, 331 ], [ 357, 376 ], [ 385, 405 ], [ 414, 459 ], [ 461, 480 ], [ 482, 491 ], [ 496, 508 ], [ 518, 532 ], [ 537, 555 ], [ 561, 571 ], [ 573, 575 ], [ 580, 585 ], [ 595, 609 ], [ 614, 622 ], [ 628, 642 ], [ 651, 676 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania is considered the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) flagship pay-per-view (PPV) event, having first been held in 1985. It is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. Following the advent of Survivor Series in 1987 and then Royal Rumble and SummerSlam in 1988—WWF's four original annual pay-per-views—the four would eventually be dubbed the \"Big Four\". WrestleMania V was scheduled to be held on April 2, 1989, at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. This event along with the previous year's WrestleMania IV were advertised as being held at the Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino, with both events taking place next door at Convention Hall, but sponsored by Donald Trump. The two events were the only times that WrestleMania was held at the same venue for two consecutive years. Run-DMC performed a \"WrestleMania Rap\" for the audience. Other celebrity guests in attendance included Donald Trump, whose Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino was the main sponsor of the event, and Morton Downey Jr.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 62676, 101733, 896839, 848251, 518916, 697071, 1645972, 106211, 1445998, 5711799, 4848272, 47567077, 18885 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 31, 57 ], [ 84, 96 ], [ 136, 140 ], [ 218, 233 ], [ 251, 263 ], [ 268, 278 ], [ 445, 459 ], [ 463, 488 ], [ 532, 547 ], [ 585, 613 ], [ 692, 704 ], [ 813, 820 ], [ 1004, 1021 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The main feud heading into WrestleMania was between Hulk Hogan and \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage, who for most of the previous year were a unified team that referred to themselves as The Mega Powers. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 639004, 301775, 552897, 1957627 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 13 ], [ 52, 62 ], [ 67, 91 ], [ 178, 193 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The unit began forming after Savage wrestled The Honky Tonk Man for his Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship on the October 3, 1987 airing of Saturday Night's Main Event. After the match, which Savage won by disqualification, Honky Tonk Man enlisted the help of Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart in attacking Savage. As Honky was ready to strike Savage with his guitar, Savage’s valet Miss Elizabeth came back to ringside accompanied by then-reigning World Wrestling Federation Champion Hogan, who helped Savage even the odds.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 692713, 722875, 2281342, 303089, 888715, 259765, 630463 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 63 ], [ 72, 113 ], [ 147, 174 ], [ 267, 276 ], [ 281, 293 ], [ 383, 397 ], [ 449, 484 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Later, Hogan faced Andre the Giant in a rematch of their championship bout from WrestleMania III on the premiere episode of The Main Event, which was broadcast live on February 5, 1988, in Indianapolis. With help from “The Million Dollar Man” Ted DiBiase and a crooked official, Andre dethroned Hogan as champion and immediately surrendered the title to DiBiase as repayment for his assistance. After the contest, Andre’s victory was upheld due to WWF referees’ decisions being regarded as final. Still, the WWF World Heavyweight Championship was declared vacant as Andre was not permitted to surrender the title to another wrestler. Thus, a tournament was conceived for WrestleMania IV for the vacant title. Savage advanced to the finals and, with a little help from Hogan, won the tournament and the championship by defeating DiBiase in the finals. Hogan celebrated with Savage afterward, cementing their union. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 2575, 896863, 516902, 344293, 674490, 1445998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 34 ], [ 80, 96 ], [ 124, 138 ], [ 243, 254 ], [ 261, 277 ], [ 671, 686 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Over the course of the rest of 1988, Hogan and Savage feuded with many heel tag teams, such as the Mega Bucks team of DiBiase and Andre and the Twin Towers, consisting of Akeem and The Big Boss Man. While they never actually chased the company’s tag team championships, the Mega Powers stayed together as one of the strongest tag team forces in the company as the year ended. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 639004, 557664, 1766555, 591757 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 58 ], [ 71, 75 ], [ 171, 176 ], [ 181, 197 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Things slowly began to change as 1989 began, however. Hogan had requested that Elizabeth accompany him to the ring for several of his matches in addition to her duties as Savage’s valet. This led to several occasions were Elizabeth was placed in harm’s way, which did not sit well with the Macho Man. Another sign that tensions were beginning to mount came when Savage picked up Boss Man’s nightstick after a match with Akeem and glared at Hogan while he had his back turned, posing as he often did for the crowd. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On the January 7 Saturday Night’s Main Event in Tampa, Savage came out and cleared the ring with a steel chair after Hogan was receiving a post-match beating by the Twin Towers. He did not bother to check on the injured Hogan, however, and left the ring. Elizabeth assisted Hogan backstage, which again angered Savage. This led to a confrontation between Savage and Elizabeth, but nothing came of it. He Later in January during the Royal Rumble match, Hogan accidentally eliminated Savage as he was trying to eliminate Bad News Brown. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 3830968, 5828402, 1765684 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 99, 110 ], [ 433, 451 ], [ 520, 534 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Finally, on February 2 at the live The Main Event II program from Milwaukee, the tensions between Hogan and Savage boiled over. Once again, the Mega Powers and Twin Towers squared off. During a key point in the match, Akeem threw Savage through the ropes, causing him to land on Elizabeth. Hogan, distraught, picked her up and carried her backstage to the trainers’ room where he waited while she regained consciousness. Savage, meanwhile, was forced to take on Boss Man and Akeem alone until Hogan, at the behest of Elizabeth, came back out several minutes later. When Hogan went to tag into the match, Savage slapped him in the face and left the ring. Hogan managed to record the victory for the Mega Powers, but things were not over yet. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 516902 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Immediately upon the conclusion of the match, Hogan returned to the trainers’ room where an angry Savage was waiting for him. The two got into a loud and physical confrontation, where Savage blamed Hogan for what happened to Elizabeth and accused him of being jealous of his championship reign. He also accused Hogan of only being his partner because he was lusting after Elizabeth. Hogan tried to calm the irate Macho Man down, but Savage had heard enough and struck Hogan with the title belt, knocking him to the floor. After punching the downed Hogan twice, Savage grabbed the belt again as Elizabeth went to check on Hogan. Savage grabbed her and threw her across the room, but before he could strike Hogan a second time Brutus Beefcake came into the room and grabbed the belt from him. Savage eventually left the room, but not before assaulting Beefcake and the WWF officials who were dispatched to defuse the situation and tend to the injured Hogan. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 38293140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 725, 740 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hogan then issued the challenge to Savage for what he still considered to be rightfully his, and Savage agreed to defend the WWF World Heavyweight Championship against him at WrestleMania. However, he would do so alone, as Elizabeth declined to be in his corner for the match; instead, she opted to be at ringside but in a neutral corner.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The second main feud heading into WrestleMania was between \"Ravishing\" Rick Rude and The Ultimate Warrior over the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship. Rude and Warrior were booked to face each other in a \"Super Posedown\" at Royal Rumble in January 1989. The winner had to be decided by a fan reaction, where Warrior won the posedown. After the posedown, a furious and angry Rude attacked Warrior. This led to a feud between the two and an Intercontinental Heavyweight Title match at WrestleMania.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1156120, 684397, 722875, 3830968, 4824429, 5828402 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 80 ], [ 85, 105 ], [ 115, 160 ], [ 184, 190 ], [ 222, 230 ], [ 235, 247 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The other main match on the undercard was Demolition (Ax and Smash) versus The Powers of Pain (The Barbarian and The Warlord) and Mr. Fuji in a handicap match for the WWF Tag Team Championship. Demolition was a dominant heel tag team since its debut in early 1987. They defeated Strike Force (Tito Santana and Rick Martel) for the titles at WrestleMania IV. They had a successful feud with The Hart Foundation during their early reign. In the summer of 1988, a powerhouse babyface tag team The Powers of Pain debuted and feuded with Demolition over the tag titles. At Survivor Series, Demolition's manager Mr. Fuji turned on them after causing them to lose their Survivor Series match, culminating in a double turn as Demolition turned babyfaces and Powers of Pain turned heels. Powers of Pain made Mr. Fuji their manager, leading to their WrestleMania encounter with Demolition for the tag titles in a 3-on-2 handicap match.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 1589965, 1916138, 576942, 1893412, 1863041, 1873129, 1690702, 63995, 985535, 557664, 905173, 3010239, 1604392, 1690731, 1445998, 639004, 30873010, 557667, 5943062, 1211198, 1690702, 3830968, 61017111, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 37 ], [ 42, 52 ], [ 54, 56 ], [ 61, 66 ], [ 75, 93 ], [ 95, 108 ], [ 113, 124 ], [ 130, 138 ], [ 144, 158 ], [ 167, 192 ], [ 220, 224 ], [ 225, 233 ], [ 279, 291 ], [ 293, 305 ], [ 310, 321 ], [ 341, 356 ], [ 380, 384 ], [ 390, 409 ], [ 472, 480 ], [ 568, 583 ], [ 598, 605 ], [ 606, 614 ], [ 615, 619 ], [ 663, 684 ], [ 703, 714 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts and André the Giant began their feud in the fall of 1988 after André interfered in one of Roberts' matches against Rude. When Roberts retrieved his snake, Damien, from his bag, André became distressed, then petrified at the sight of the snake. When it became apparent André was deathly afraid of the snake, Roberts threw the snake onto André, causing him to collapse to the mat and pass out from a (kayfabe) heart attack. André recovered and swore revenge. Meanwhile, Andre's longtime adversary, Big John Studd returned to the WWF in late 1988, rejected a \"welcome back\" from longtime manager Bobby \"the Brain\" Heenan and, in becoming a face, said he was coming after André. The André-Roberts feud, meanwhile, continued into early 1989 and eventually, Studd agreed to become the special guest referee for their match at WrestleMania.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1151130, 2575, 1683375, 1453397 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 24 ], [ 29, 44 ], [ 521, 535 ], [ 618, 642 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shortly after Terry Taylor joined the WWF in the summer of 1988, he was packaged as \"The Red Rooster\" and, paired with Heenan as his manager, given a novice wrestler gimmick, someone who could not navigate his way through matches without constant instructions from Heenan. Eventually, the Red Rooster grew tired of Heenan's demeaning style of coaching and turned against him, becoming a face. Shortly thereafter, on an episode of Prime Time Wrestling, Heenan claimed to want to break off their relationship amicably but it was a ruse to set Rooster up to be ambushed by Heenan's new protégé, long-time enhancement talent Steve Lombardi, who had just been reinvented as The Brooklyn Brawler.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1691042, 2449537, 2212490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 26 ], [ 430, 450 ], [ 621, 635 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WWF Women's Champion Rockin' Robin opened the show by performing \"America the Beautiful\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 758676, 1863351, 651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 20 ], [ 21, 34 ], [ 66, 87 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first match at WrestleMania V was between Hercules and King Haku. Haku attacked from behind to start, but Hercules used some power moves to get the advantage before he clotheslined Haku, sending him to the floor. He suplexed Haku in the ring and hit him a series of elbow drops. After dominating Haku, Hercules focused his attention on Haku's (and his own former) manager Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan. Haku nailed Hercules from behind and hit him with two backbreakers for a near-fall. Hercules avoided a diving splash by Haku and hit him with a knee lift. He hit a series of clotheslines and powerslammed Haku for a near-fall. He attempted a top rope maneuver but when he came down, Haku caught him with a savate kick. Hercules fell in the corner and Haku tried to open the middle rope as Hercules rolled away. Hercules ducked a clothesline and hit Haku with a bridging back suplex to win the match.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 1156111, 1695459, 467964, 1033826, 640399, 1033826, 1211198, 1453397, 2118603, 3830968, 994264, 1033826, 3730230, 1033826, 1428043, 640399 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 54 ], [ 59, 68 ], [ 129, 140 ], [ 172, 183 ], [ 220, 226 ], [ 270, 281 ], [ 368, 375 ], [ 376, 400 ], [ 456, 467 ], [ 475, 484 ], [ 505, 518 ], [ 546, 555 ], [ 593, 602 ], [ 707, 718 ], [ 862, 870 ], [ 871, 882 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The second match was a tag team match between The Twin Towers (Akeem and Big Boss Man) and The Rockers (Shawn Michaels and Marty Jannetty). Bossman slapped on Michaels in the corner and turned around to look on Jannetty but when he turned back, Michaels hit him a missile dropkick. He hit Akeem and Boss Man with flying forearm smashes before Bossman tagged in Akeem. The Rockers worked on Akeem's arm before he powered out and tagged Bossman. Jannetty tagged in and was hit with a leapfrog. Twin Towers took turns and beat Jannetty. He avoided a big splash by Akeem and tagged Michaels. Rockers hit Akeem with Double Flying Fists and Michaels tried a near-fall on Akeem. Akeem hit Michaels a lariat. Boss Man tagged in and tried to hit a corner body splash on Michaels but he sidestepped, getting a near-fall. They hit Akeem with a double dropkick and they hit Boss Man with a double missile dropkick. Akeem tagged in and dumped Jannetty. Michaels came off the top on Akeem but Boss Man powerbombed him. Akeem took advantage and hit Michaels with an Air Africa and pinned him to win the match.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 905173, 1766555, 591757, 1620141, 306325, 1458388, 1658766, 1033826, 1033826, 1033826, 1033826, 1033826, 1033826, 1452036, 1452036, 1940350, 994264 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 31 ], [ 63, 68 ], [ 73, 85 ], [ 91, 102 ], [ 104, 118 ], [ 123, 137 ], [ 264, 280 ], [ 313, 333 ], [ 482, 490 ], [ 547, 557 ], [ 611, 630 ], [ 693, 699 ], [ 739, 757 ], [ 833, 848 ], [ 878, 901 ], [ 988, 997 ], [ 1051, 1061 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The third match was a non-title match between Brutus \"The Barber\" Beefcake and \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase, the self-proclaimed Million Dollar Champion. It was the first time DiBiase's Million Dollar Championship belt had appeared on pay-per-view. Prior to the match, DiBiase was glad-handed with event sponsor Donald Trump who was in attendance in the front row. Beefcake knocked DiBiase out on the floor before getting back into the ring. He pounded on DiBiase but Virgil caught Beefcake's foot. DiBiase hit him a clothesline and applied a chokehold on Beefcake, and followed it up with a Million Dollar Drop for a near-fall. He hit a middle rope diving back elbow drop on Beefcake for another near-fall. DiBiase hit him an Irish whip and had an inside cradle pinfall attempt on Beefcake. He tried to hit a vertical suplex on Beefcake but Beefcake countered it into a hanging suplex. DiBiase applied a Million Dollar Dream on Beefcake, who grabbed the ropes. He slammed DiBiase's face in the corner and applied a Barber's Chair (Sleeper) on DiBiase. Virgil hopped up on the apron, distracting Beefcake. Beefcake released DiBiase from the hold and went after Virgil. DiBiase nailed Beefcake from behind to the floor. The referee was busy with DiBiase while Virgil pounded on Beefcake but Beefcake no-sold and chased Virgil. DiBiase came from behind and nailed Beefcake. The two brawled outside the ring and were counted-out, resulting in a no contest. They continued to beat each other.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 38293140, 344293, 2353693, 4848272, 2052947, 1033826, 1905451, 1033826, 994264, 467964, 1428043, 640399, 640399, 474578, 474578, 5534832, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 74 ], [ 79, 115 ], [ 137, 160 ], [ 320, 332 ], [ 476, 482 ], [ 525, 536 ], [ 551, 560 ], [ 600, 619 ], [ 646, 680 ], [ 735, 745 ], [ 757, 778 ], [ 818, 833 ], [ 879, 893 ], [ 913, 933 ], [ 1024, 1038 ], [ 1231, 1238 ], [ 1307, 1314 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The fourth match was a tag team match between The Bushwhackers (Bushwhacker Luke and Bushwhacker Butch) and The Fabulous Rougeaus (Jacques Rougeau and Raymond Rougeau). The Bushwhackers grabbed Rougeaus' manager Jimmy Hart's jacket but Rougeaus caught them and went on the attack. Luke and Raymond began the match and Luke missed a fist drop on Raymond, but Luke and Butch hit him a battering ram. Luke made the cover but Jacques came in and accidentally hit a knee drop on Raymond as he was going to hit Luke but Luke sidestepped. Rougeaus double-teamed Luke for a while as the referee was busy with Butch. They kicked Luke in the gut and then celebrated. They celebrated too much that Bushwhackers hit Raymond with a battering ram and a rib breaker. Luke then pinned Raymond to win the match.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 905173, 2100406, 1983395, 1983380, 2203381, 690244, 690247, 1211198, 692665, 1033826, 1452036, 1033826, 467964 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 31 ], [ 46, 62 ], [ 64, 80 ], [ 85, 102 ], [ 108, 129 ], [ 131, 146 ], [ 151, 166 ], [ 204, 211 ], [ 212, 222 ], [ 332, 341 ], [ 383, 396 ], [ 461, 470 ], [ 739, 750 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The fifth match was between Mr. Perfect and The Blue Blazer. Perfect beat on Blazer until Blazer flipped out of a hip toss. Blazer hit some moves on Perfect and went for a split-legged moonsault on Perfect, who hit Blazer with his knees. He applied a chinlock on Blazer but Blazer escaped and hit Perfect with a boot to the head. He followed it up with a powerslam and a belly to belly suplex for near-falls. He busted out of a crucifix and got another near-fall and then he began arguing with the referee. This helped Perfect to connect with a forearm club and a Perfectplex pinfall for the victory.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 469610, 5069921, 467964, 2572843, 474578, 1033826, 3730230, 640399, 1428043, 1033826, 640399 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 39 ], [ 44, 59 ], [ 114, 122 ], [ 172, 194 ], [ 251, 259 ], [ 312, 328 ], [ 355, 364 ], [ 371, 392 ], [ 428, 436 ], [ 545, 557 ], [ 564, 575 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The sixth match was a WWF Tag Team Championship handicap match between Demolition (Ax and Smash) and The Powers of Pain (The Warlord and The Barbarian) and their manager Mr. Fuji (himself a former WWF Tag Team Champion). In the beginning, Ax and Smash pounded on Warlord until Warlord backed Smash in their corner and tagged Barbarian. Smash fought back and tagged in Ax, who locked in a hammerlock on Barbarian. Fuji tagged in and hit a chop on Ax followed by a diving headbutt to the groin. He tagged in Warlord, who increased Ax's damage. Fuji tagged in and missed a Fuji Drop. Warlord cut Ax's tag with Smash but was hit with a forearm club by Ax. Ax tagged in Smash. Ax dumped Barbarian while Smash beat up on Warlord. Mr. Fuji tried to throw salt previously hidden in his tights in Smash's eyes, but Smash ducked and Fiji accidentally threw salt in Warlord's eyes. Demolition then grabbed Fuji and hit him with the Demolition Decapitation and Ax pinned Fuji to win the match and retain the titles.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 985535, 63995, 1589965, 1916138, 576942, 1893412, 1873129, 1863041, 1690702, 474578, 1033826, 994264, 1033826, 467964, 1033826, 1452036 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 47 ], [ 48, 62 ], [ 71, 81 ], [ 83, 85 ], [ 90, 95 ], [ 101, 119 ], [ 121, 132 ], [ 137, 150 ], [ 170, 178 ], [ 388, 398 ], [ 438, 442 ], [ 463, 478 ], [ 479, 491 ], [ 570, 579 ], [ 632, 644 ], [ 921, 944 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The seventh match was between \"The World's Strongest Man\" Dino Bravo and \"Rugged\" Ronnie Garvin. Bravo hit a series of forearm smashes in Garvin's back and applied a bearhug. Bravo threw him in the corner and hit him with a series of shoulder blocks. Garvin smashed Bravo's head in the turnbuckles a few times for a near-fall. He followed it up with a sleeper hold on Bravo but Bravo grabbed the ropes. Garvin tried to hit a piledriver. Bravo went for a back body drop but Garvin held on for a sunset flip pin for a near-fall. Garvin took him to the corner and went for ten-count-corner punches. Bravo countered with an inverted atomic drop and a sidewalk slam, followed by a pinfall victory. After the match, Bravo's manager Frenchy Martin attacked Garvin but received a Garvin Stomp for his troubles.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 1666380, 1893285, 1033826, 474578, 1033826, 474578, 1940317, 467964, 474578, 509403, 467964, 467964, 1211198, 3076346, 1033826 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 58, 68 ], [ 73, 95 ], [ 119, 134 ], [ 166, 173 ], [ 234, 249 ], [ 352, 364 ], [ 425, 435 ], [ 454, 468 ], [ 494, 509 ], [ 587, 592 ], [ 620, 640 ], [ 647, 660 ], [ 718, 725 ], [ 726, 740 ], [ 772, 784 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The eighth match was a tag team match between the Brain Busters (Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard) with Bobby Heenan in their corner, and Strike Force (Tito Santana and Rick Martel). Martel and Blanchard fought out before Anderson hit Martel with his knee in the back. Brain Busters tried to double-team him but he fought out of their corner. Strike Force hit Brain Busters with dropkicks, sending them to the floor. Back in the ring, Anderson was hit with an Irish whip and then he received a rolling spinebuster for a near-fall. Anderson went for a body scissors on Martel but Martel turned it into a Boston crab. Blanchard interfered and hit Martel with an eye rake. Blanchard tagged in while Santana grabbed Martel receiving a blind tag. He hit Blanchard with a bulldog and then slapped in a figure four leglock. Martel also applied the figure four leglock on Anderson. Santana got a near-fall with a back slide on Blanchard. He went to the top rope and hit a flying forearm smash on Blanchard. Blanchard ducked and Santana accidentally hit Martel. Brain Busters took advantage and double-teamed Santana. He fought out and crawled to tag Martel but he refused and walked away, turning heel. Anderson and Blanchard hit Santana with a spike piledriver. Anderson got a pin on Santana, getting the victory, and breaking up Strike Force.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 905173, 1883448, 1045788, 1690956, 3010239, 1604392, 1690731, 1658766, 467964, 467964, 3830968, 474578, 1576004, 1033826, 467964, 474578, 1428043, 1033826, 3830968, 557664, 1452036 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 31 ], [ 50, 63 ], [ 65, 77 ], [ 82, 97 ], [ 138, 150 ], [ 152, 164 ], [ 169, 180 ], [ 379, 387 ], [ 460, 470 ], [ 494, 513 ], [ 520, 529 ], [ 551, 564 ], [ 603, 614 ], [ 660, 668 ], [ 766, 773 ], [ 796, 815 ], [ 905, 915 ], [ 964, 984 ], [ 1181, 1188 ], [ 1189, 1193 ], [ 1237, 1253 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Next was a Piper's Pit segment with Morton Downey Jr. as the guest. Before Rowdy Roddy Piper could interview Morton, Brother Love came out dressed as Piper and impersonated him. The real Piper then came out and got rid of Brother Love by ripping Brother Love's kilt off. After Morton blew constant smoke from his cigarette into Piper's face during the interview (despite Piper's repeated requests not to), finally, Piper put out the cigarette and Morton with a fire extinguisher.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 405184, 18885, 405184, 1849889, 38327 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 22 ], [ 36, 53 ], [ 75, 92 ], [ 117, 129 ], [ 313, 322 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The ninth match was between Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts and André the Giant (with Bobby Heenan), with Big John Studd as the Special Guest Referee. Studd and André were longtime enemies and spent a great deal of time jawing back and forth at each other. As Roberts was making his way down to the ring, behind Studd's back André had discretely removed one of the top turnbuckle pads exposing the steel ring underneath. André started the match by grabbing Roberts as he rolled into the ring and running his head into the exposed steel turnbuckle. He then pounded on Roberts until Roberts fought back and went on the attack. André got tied up in the ropes and Roberts took full advantage and got his snake Damien (in the storyline, André was deathly afraid of snakes though in reality he actually had some snakes as pets on his ranch) and attempted to throw him on a struggling and terrified André, but Studd stopped Roberts. André took advantage to break free of the ropes and applied a chokehold on Roberts. He went for a shoulder block on Roberts in the corner but accidentally hit a headbutt on the turnbuckle pad. Roberts hit André with a knee lift and drove him into the exposed turnbuckle. André chopped Roberts on the floor and knocked him on the apron before having a confrontation with Studd. Ted DiBiase and Virgil came out and attempted to steal Damien but Roberts got Damien back. In the ring, André hit Studd with a cheap shot from behind and began to choke Studd with the strap of his tights, thus getting disqualified. Despite having won the match, Roberts tossed Damien in the ring to save Studd from André, who hightailed it out of the ring to get away from the snake.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 1151130, 2575, 1683375, 63995, 1905451, 1033826, 1325265, 1033826, 1033826, 344293, 2052947, 24864 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 52 ], [ 57, 72 ], [ 99, 113 ], [ 121, 142 ], [ 981, 990 ], [ 1017, 1031 ], [ 1080, 1088 ], [ 1137, 1146 ], [ 1196, 1200 ], [ 1296, 1307 ], [ 1312, 1318 ], [ 1514, 1526 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The tenth match was a tag team match between The Hart Foundation (Bret \"Hitman\" Hart\" and Jim \"The Anvil\" Neidhart) and Greg \"The Hammer\" Valentine and The Honky Tonk Man (with manager Jimmy Hart). Neidhart hit Valentine with a slingshot shoulder block for a near-fall. Honky tagged in but got nailed by Neidhart. Hart tagged in and connected with a backbreaker on Honky but missed a double axe handle middle rope elbow drop. Honky had the match won as he hit Hart with a Shake, Rattle N' Roll but he tagged in Valentine instead of pinning Hart. Valentine slapped in the figure four leglock on Hart. Hart crawled out of it but then he received a Gutbuster by Honky. Hart managed to hit a flying crossbody on Honky. Valentine tagged in and blocked a roll-up by Hart. Hart rolled out and tagged Neidhart. Neidhart dropkicked both Valentine and Honky and then hit Valentine with a shoulder block and made a cover. Honky made the save. A lariat on Valentine got another near-fall for Neidhart. Hart and Honky tagged in. Valentine ran in and nailed Neidhart on the apron. The referee was busy taking out Valentine. Neidhart took advantage and handed Bret Hart, Jimmy Hart's megaphone. Hart knocked Honky with it and pinned him to win the matchup.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 905173, 30873010, 303089, 888715, 690225, 692713, 467964, 1033826, 2118603, 994264, 994264, 2169584, 474578, 467964, 994264, 1428043, 1658766, 1033826, 5534832, 211684 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 30 ], [ 45, 64 ], [ 66, 85 ], [ 90, 114 ], [ 120, 147 ], [ 152, 170 ], [ 228, 237 ], [ 238, 252 ], [ 350, 361 ], [ 384, 401 ], [ 402, 424 ], [ 472, 493 ], [ 571, 590 ], [ 646, 655 ], [ 688, 704 ], [ 749, 756 ], [ 812, 820 ], [ 934, 940 ], [ 1071, 1078 ], [ 1169, 1178 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The eleventh match was a WWF Intercontinental Championship match between defending champion The Ultimate Warrior and \"Ravishing\" Rick Rude with Bobby Heenan in his corner. As the Warrior was doing his usual running entrance, Rude tried to jump-start the match by attempting a knee to Warrior's stomach, only to find that the Warrior was still wearing the Intercontinental belt and hurt his knee with no effect on the champion. Warrior then shoved Rude into the corner 3 times from mid-ring before slapping on a bearhug. Rude hit a missile dropkick on Warrior and went for a cover, but Warrior no-sold and grabbed a second bearhug on Rude. Rude bit but Warrior hit him with a back body drop. He went for a Warrior Splash but Rude hit his knees on Warrior. Rude followed with a back to belly piledriver and got a near-fall on the champion. Rude hit a jawbreaker on Warrior and clotheslined him for a near-fall. He hit Warrior with a Russian legsweep and got another near-fall. Rude hooked on a surfboard but Warrior grabbed the ropes. He powered out hitting Rude with a running shoulder block. He delivered Rude a backbreaker and tried to lift him up, but dropped him clumsily in the ropes. Warrior hit Rude a series of Irish whips in every corner. He missed a Warrior Splash. Rude went for a Rude Awakening but Warrior powered out and clotheslined Rude to the apron. He tried to suplex him back into the ring, but just before he completed the move Bobby Heenan pulled Warrior's leg out from under him, which caused Rude to fall on top of the champion, and held onto it so the weakened Warrior could not escape as Rude pinned him. Rude won the match and became the new WWF Intercontinental Champion in what was Warrior's first pinfall loss in the WWF. Following the match, an enraged Warrior chased Heenan around and into the ring and hit him with a gorilla press drop.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 722875, 684397, 1156120, 474578, 1658766, 3830968, 467964, 1033826, 1940317, 467964, 893432, 467964, 474578, 1033826, 2118603, 467964, 2169584, 640399, 467964 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 58 ], [ 92, 112 ], [ 117, 138 ], [ 511, 518 ], [ 531, 547 ], [ 593, 600 ], [ 675, 689 ], [ 705, 719 ], [ 776, 800 ], [ 849, 859 ], [ 875, 886 ], [ 931, 947 ], [ 992, 1001 ], [ 1068, 1090 ], [ 1112, 1123 ], [ 1218, 1228 ], [ 1291, 1305 ], [ 1378, 1384 ], [ 1848, 1866 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The twelfth match was between \"Hacksaw\" Jim Duggan and Bad News Brown. The powerhouse Brown dominated Duggan in the early goings but missed a charge in the corner. Duggan hit him a series of punches. Brown hit Duggan an Irish whip and smashed his head into the turnbuckles but Duggan no-sold. Duggan hit Brown a series of shoulder blocks before getting slugged. They went to the floor where Duggan was whipped shoulder-first into the ring post. Brown hit Duggan a Ghetto Blaster but Duggan avoided it and instead hit his three-point stance clothesline. Brown fell to the floor and tossed a chair into the ring. Meanwhile, Duggan got his 2x4. They both hit each other with foreign objects. The referee disqualified both men, as the match resulted in a double disqualification.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 1596654, 1765684, 509403, 467964, 3830968, 1033826, 1033826, 1033826, 59399, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 50 ], [ 55, 69 ], [ 191, 196 ], [ 220, 230 ], [ 284, 291 ], [ 322, 337 ], [ 464, 478 ], [ 521, 551 ], [ 637, 640 ], [ 672, 687 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The thirteenth match and the final match on the undercard was between The Red Rooster and his former manager Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan in a rare in-ring appearance as a wrestler. Accompanying Heenan to the ring was the Brooklyn Brawler. As the match began, Heenan (still favoring his ribs due to his prior run-in with The Warrior), immediately covered on Rooster but failed. Rooster tried to hit Heenan with an Irish whip but Heenan reversed it into his own. He missed a charge on Rooster and ran shoulder-first into the ring post. Rooster pinned him and won the match in just thirty-one seconds. After the match, Rooster was attacked by the Brawler, but this had little effect on the Rooster who soon got the upper hand and chased the Brawler from the ring.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 1691042, 2212490, 467964, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 57 ], [ 70, 85 ], [ 218, 234 ], [ 410, 420 ], [ 576, 594 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The main event was for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship between defending champion \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage and Hulk Hogan with their manager Miss Elizabeth in a neutral corner. The match was billed as \"The Mega Powers Explode\". Hogan hit Savage with a shoulder block to send him out to the floor. Savage returned to the ring and applied a headlock on Hogan before pounding him in the face. Hogan shoved Savage again, but Savage grabbed him and went to the floor. Hogan chased Savage around the ringside before Savage hid behind Miss Elizabeth. Savage went back in the ring and began taunting Hogan. Hogan applied a headlock and hit Savage with a drop toe hold. He slapped a front facelock on Savage, which Savage countered into a back suplex. The champion hit a double axe handle from the top rope on Hogan for a near-fall. Savage applied an armbar on Hogan until Hogan yanked Savage out to the floor. Hogan threw Savage back in the ring and smashed him in the turnbuckle and followed with a running clothesline, a series of elbow drops and a big boot. He received an Irish whip and a clothesline by Savage. Savage got a near-fall. Savage hooked on a chinlock on Hogan until Hogan hit his elbow and hit Savage with an atomic drop but missed an elbow drop. Savage took advantage and hit Hogan with a knee in the corner. Savage hit him Irish whips in every corner before he began posing. Hogan hit Savage a series of punches and a corner clothesline, sending him out. Elizabeth checked on Savage, but he pushed her away. Hogan lifted Savage in the shoulder and tried to ram him in the ring post but Elizabeth prevented Hogan from doing this. Savage took advantage and slipped off and rammed Hogan into the ring post. The referee Dave Hebner then sent Elizabeth backstage. As Hogan was getting up, Savage hit him with a diving double axe handle. Savage hit Hogan a hotshot. He drove his elbow into Hogan's throat on the apron, damaging Hogan's throat. Savage hit a knee drop on Hogan, getting a near-fall. He went to the top rope and hit a Savage Elbow. He did a pinfall attempt on Hogan, but Hogan hulked up and hit Savage with punches, big boot and a leg drop for the victory and his second WWF World Heavyweight Championship.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 630463, 552897, 301775, 259765, 1957627, 1033826, 467964, 474578, 640399, 994264, 474578, 1033826, 1033826, 1033826, 467964, 474578, 467964, 509403, 1033826, 5534832, 3415208, 467964, 1033826, 994264, 3830968, 3241133 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 14 ], [ 27, 61 ], [ 89, 113 ], [ 118, 128 ], [ 148, 162 ], [ 209, 224 ], [ 259, 273 ], [ 653, 666 ], [ 681, 695 ], [ 737, 748 ], [ 769, 804 ], [ 849, 855 ], [ 999, 1018 ], [ 1032, 1042 ], [ 1050, 1058 ], [ 1075, 1085 ], [ 1158, 1166 ], [ 1225, 1236 ], [ 1422, 1427 ], [ 1436, 1454 ], [ 1726, 1733 ], [ 1734, 1745 ], [ 1869, 1876 ], [ 1969, 1978 ], [ 2044, 2056 ], [ 2103, 2112 ], [ 2157, 2165 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hulk Hogan continued his feud with Randy Savage. WWF financed a movie in 1989 titled No Holds Barred which starred Hogan as the lead character Rip and Tom Lister, Jr. acted as the villain Zeus. In the movie, Rip defeats Zeus. This movie led to a feud between Hogan and Zeus in the WWF because Zeus wanted to take revenge from Hogan of the movie in real-life. He was billed in the WWF as Zeus and he formed an alliance with Savage. Hogan's best friend Brutus Beefcake joined him in the war. This led to a tag team main event at SummerSlam, where Hogan and Beefcake defeated Zeus and Savage. The rivalry continued until the No Holds Barred pay-per-view, where Hogan and Beefcake beat Zeus and Savage in a steel cage match, thus ending the rivalry with Zeus. After the No Holds Barred cage match, Randy Savage and Hulk Hogan would meet one last time in a WrestleMania V rematch for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship on The Main Event III. The pinfall was counted by new heavyweight boxing champion Buster Douglas, who then punched Savage out post-match after Savage slapped Douglas in the face.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 301775, 639004, 552897, 1623500, 906785, 11145758, 38293140, 905173, 16704555, 5674956, 1623500, 63995, 516902, 180721 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ], [ 25, 29 ], [ 35, 47 ], [ 85, 100 ], [ 151, 166 ], [ 348, 357 ], [ 451, 466 ], [ 504, 512 ], [ 513, 523 ], [ 527, 537 ], [ 622, 637 ], [ 703, 719 ], [ 921, 939 ], [ 1000, 1014 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savage, meanwhile, found a new manager. After the WrestleMania broadcast went off the air, Gene Okerlund attempted to interview Miss Elizabeth. Sensational Sherri interrupted the interview along with Savage, which caused Hogan to get involved and fall victim to a steel chair shot from the dethroned champion. From then on until WrestleMania VII, Sherri served as Savage's manager and after Savage defeated Hacksaw Jim Duggan to become King of the World Wrestling Federation in September 1989, she became known as Sensational Queen Sherri.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 2030612, 1210702, 1446160, 1596654, 531977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 91, 104 ], [ 144, 162 ], [ 329, 345 ], [ 407, 425 ], [ 436, 474 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Rick Martel turned heel and eventually transformed into \"The Model\", breaking up Strike Force and feuded with now former partner Tito Santana. Martel and fellow French Canadians The Fabulous Rougeaus (Jacques Rougeau and Raymond Rougeau) defeated Santana and The Rockers (Marty Jannetty and Shawn Michaels) at SummerSlam.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 1690731, 3830968, 557664, 3010239, 639004, 1604392, 144743, 2203381, 690244, 690247, 1620141, 1458388, 306325, 5674956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 12, 18 ], [ 19, 23 ], [ 81, 93 ], [ 98, 104 ], [ 129, 141 ], [ 161, 176 ], [ 178, 199 ], [ 201, 216 ], [ 221, 236 ], [ 259, 270 ], [ 272, 286 ], [ 291, 305 ], [ 310, 320 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Rick Rude defended his Intercontinental Championship primarily against The Ultimate Warrior, but also against other faces as Hacksaw Jim Duggan and Jimmy Snuka. Later in the summer of 1989, Rude began badmouthing Roddy Piper, and Piper would play a key role in Rude's ultimate title loss back to The Ultimate Warrior.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "With a successful Tag Team Championship defense, Demolition moved on to new feuds with The Twin Towers (Akeem and Big Boss Man) and the Brain Busters (Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard). Demolition would eventually lose the titles to Anderson and Blanchard on Saturday Night's Main Event XXII (taped July 18, 1989) following interference from André the Giant; Demolition's reign was 478 days, which remains the longest uninterrupted reign in the history of the classic WWF World Tag Team Championship which was decommissioned in 2010. (The previous 370-day record of The Valiant Brothers was eclipsed on the actual day of Wrestlemania V.) It was also the longest reign with any tag team championship in WWWF/WWF/WWE history until the record was broken in 2016 by WWE Raw Tag Team Champions The New Day. Meanwhile, the Powers of Pain would lose their push and eventually settled into mid-card matches, feuding with teams such as The Bushwhackers and The Rockers until they were eventually split up in early 1990.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 2281342, 985535, 6058162, 51406356, 28897488, 44707014, 2100406, 1620141 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 259, 291 ], [ 468, 499 ], [ 566, 586 ], [ 675, 724 ], [ 764, 790 ], [ 791, 802 ], [ 929, 945 ], [ 950, 961 ] ] } ]

[ "1989_in_sports_in_New_Jersey", "1989_WWF_pay-per-view_events", "April_1989_events_in_the_United_States", "Events_in_New_Jersey", "Events_in_Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey", "Professional_wrestling_in_New_Jersey", "WrestleMania" ]

[ "WrestleMania 5" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Home Children was the child migration scheme founded by Annie MacPherson in 1869, under which more than 100,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. The programme was largely discontinued in the 1930s, but not entirely terminated until the 1970s.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 22104594, 31508031 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 37 ], [ 56, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Later research, beginning in the 1980s, exposed abuse and hardships of the relocated children. Australia apologised in 2009 for its involvement in the scheme. In February 2010 UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown made a formal apology to the families of children who suffered. Canadian Immigration Minister Jason Kenney stated in 2009 that Canada would not apologise to child migrants, preferring to \"recognize that sad period\" in other ways.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 24150, 13076, 439331 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 176, 193 ], [ 194, 206 ], [ 301, 313 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The practice of sending poor or orphaned children to English and later British colonies, to help alleviate the shortage of labour, began in 1618, with the rounding-up and transportation of one hundred English vagrant children to the Virginia Colony. In the 18th century, labour shortages in the overseas colonies also encouraged the transportation of children for work in the Americas, and large numbers of children were forced to migrate, most of them from Scotland. This practice continued until it was exposed in 1757, following a civil action against Aberdeen merchants and magistrates for their involvement in the trade.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 188900, 1627 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 233, 248 ], [ 555, 563 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Children's Friend Society was founded in London in 1830 as \"The Society for the Suppression of Juvenile Vagrancy through the reformation and emigration of children\". In 1832, the first group of children was sent to the Cape Colony in South Africa and the Swan River Colony in Australia, and in August 1833, 230 children were shipped to Toronto and New Brunswick in Canada.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 39671198, 44554, 362453, 64646, 21182 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 29 ], [ 223, 234 ], [ 259, 276 ], [ 340, 347 ], [ 352, 365 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The main pioneers of child migration in the nineteenth century were the Scottish Evangelical Christian Annie MacPherson, her sister Louisa Birt, and Londoner Maria Rye. Whilst working with poor children in London in the late 1860s, MacPherson was appalled by the child slavery of the matchbox industry and resolved to devote her life to these children. In 1870, she bought a large workshop and turned it into the \"Home of Industry\", where poor children could work and be fed and educated. She later became convinced that the real solution for these children lay in emigration to a country of opportunity and started an emigration fund. In the first year of the fund's operation, 500 children, trained in the London homes, were shipped to Canada. MacPherson opened distribution homes in Canada in the towns of Belleville and Galt in Ontario and persuaded her sister, Louisa, to open a third home in the village of Knowlton, 112 km from Montreal. This was the beginning of a massive operation which sought to find homes and careers for 14,000 of Britain's needy children.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 10370, 31508031, 8795162, 27992, 178855, 1511706, 22218, 3292540, 7954681 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 81, 102 ], [ 103, 119 ], [ 158, 167 ], [ 269, 276 ], [ 809, 819 ], [ 824, 828 ], [ 832, 839 ], [ 913, 921 ], [ 935, 943 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Maria Rye also worked amongst the poor in London and had arrived in Ontario with 68 children (50 of whom were from Liverpool) some months earlier than MacPherson, with the blessing of the Archbishop of Canterbury and The Times newspaper. Rye, who had been placing women emigrants in Canada since 1867, opened her home at Niagara-on-the-Lake in 1869, and by the turn of the century had settled some 5,000 children, mostly girls, in Ontario.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 18081, 2345, 39127, 248803 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 115, 124 ], [ 188, 212 ], [ 217, 226 ], [ 321, 340 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1909, South African-born Kingsley Fairbridge founded the \"Society for the Furtherance of Child Emigration to the Colonies\" which was later incorporated as the Child Emigration Society. The purpose of the society, which later became the Fairbridge Foundation, was to educate orphaned and neglected children and train them in farming practices at farm schools located throughout the British Empire. Fairbridge emigrated to Australia in 1912, where his ideas received support and encouragement. According to the British House of Commons Child Migrant's Trust Report, \"it is estimated that some 150,000 children were dispatched over a period of 350 years—the earliest recorded child migrants left Britain for the Virginia Colony in 1618, and the process did not finally end until the late 1960s.\" It was widely believed by contemporaries that all of these children were orphans, but it is now known that most had living parents, some of whom had no idea of the fate of their children after they were left in care homes, and some led to believe that their children had been adopted somewhere in Britain.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 7804592, 4721, 13828 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 47 ], [ 385, 399 ], [ 513, 537 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Child emigration was largely suspended for economic reasons during the Great Depression of the 1930s, but was not completely terminated until the 1970s.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 19283335 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 87 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As they were compulsorily shipped out of Britain, many of the children were deceived into believing their parents were dead, and that a more abundant life awaited them. Some were exploited as cheap agricultural labour, or denied proper shelter and education. It was common for Home Children to run away, sometimes finding a caring family or better working conditions.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The emigration schemes were not without their critics, and there were many rumours of ill-treatment of the children by their employers and of profiteering by the organisers of the schemes, particularly Maria Rye. In 1874 The London Board of Governors decided to send a representative, named Andrew Doyle, to Canada to visit the homes and the children to see how they were faring. Doyle's report praised the women and their staff, especially MacPherson, saying that they were inspired by the highest motives, but condemned almost everything else about the enterprise. He said that the attitude of the women in grouping together children from the workhouses, who he said were mostly of good reputation, with street children, whom he considered mostly thieves, was naive and had caused nothing but trouble in Canada. He was also critical of the checks made on the children after they were placed with settlers, which in Rye's case were mostly non-existent, and said that:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Because of Miss Rye's carelessness and Miss MacPherson's limited resources, thousands of British children, already in painful circumstances, were cast adrift to be overworked or mistreated by the settlers of early Canada who were generally honest but often hard taskmasters.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The House of Commons of Canada subsequently set up a select committee to examine Doyle's findings and there was much controversy generated by his report in Britain, but the schemes continued with some changes and were copied in other countries of the British Empire.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 64313 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2014–2015 the Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry considered cases of children forcibly sent to Australia. They found that about 130 young children in the care of voluntary or state institutions were sent to Australia in what was described as the Child Migrant Programme in the period covered by the Inquiry, from 1922 to 1995, but mostly shortly after the Second World War.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 44073467 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1987 British social worker Margaret Humphreys carried out an investigation leading to the exposure of the child migration scheme and the establishment of the Child Migrants Trust, with the aim of reuniting parents and children. Full details of the scheme only emerged as late as 1998 during a parliamentary inquiry in Britain, which found that many migrant children were subjected to systematic abuse in religious schools in Australia, New Zealand and other countries.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 5620838 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1994 Humphreys published a book concerning her research entitled Empty Cradles.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2010, this book detailing Humphreys' work, political obstacles, and threats on her life along with the crimes and abuse done to thousands of children by government and religious officials was depicted in the film Oranges and Sunshine.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 28070112 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 216, 236 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Australia, \"Child Migrant\" children are part of a larger group known as the Forgotten Australians – a term the Australian Senate has used to describe the estimated 500,000 children who were brought up in orphanages, children's homes, institutions or foster care in Australia up until the early 1990s. \"Child Migrants\" refers specifically to the 7000 children who migrated to Australia under assisted child migration schemes. Child migrants were adopted or brought up in children's homes, institutions, orphanages or foster care. Many of these children experienced neglect and abuse while in institutional care.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 25086435 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 100 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "At the urging of the \"Care Leavers Australia Network\", in August 2001, the Senate Community Affairs References Committee published \"Lost Innocents: Righting the Record – Report on child migration,\" and followed this in August 2004 with the \"Forgotten Australians\" report. Both reports concluded with a number of recommendations, one of which was a call for a national apology. Prime Minister of Australia, Kevin Rudd apologised on behalf of the government of Australia on 16 November 2009. As of 2009, there were an estimated 7,000 \"Child Migrants\" currently residing in Australia. The Australian government had contacted about 400 British child migrants for advice on how the apology should be delivered. Australia's Roman Catholic Church had publicly apologised in 2001 to British and Maltese child migrants who suffered abuse including rape, whippings and slave labour in religious institutions. A £1million travel fund was set up by the British Government for former child migrants to visit their families in the UK. The Australian Government later supplemented this fund.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 24117, 380965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 377, 404 ], [ 406, 416 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The federal government designated the \"Immigration of Home Children\" a National Historic Event, in 1999. A plaque from the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board commemorating the event stands in Stratford, Ontario. The Ontario Heritage Trust erected a provincial historical plaque to the Home Children the year before, in Ottawa.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 28676991, 507946, 221706, 2297042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 95 ], [ 133, 167 ], [ 202, 220 ], [ 226, 248 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the apology by the Australian government, in 2009 the Canadian Immigration Minister, Jason Kenney, said that there was no need for Canada to apologise:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 439331 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 91, 103 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The federal government proclaimed 2010 the \"Year of the British Home Child\" and on 1 September 2010, Canada Post released a commemorative stamp to honour those who were sent to Canada. In the province of Ontario, the British Home Child Day Act, 2011, makes 28 September each year British Home Child Day to \"recognize and honour the contributions of the British home children who established roots in Ontario.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 25468520, 22218 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 112 ], [ 204, 211 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 23 February 2010, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Gordon Brown issued an official apology for the \"shameful\" child resettlement programme, he announced a £6million fund designed to compensate the families affected by the \"misguided\" programme.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 24150, 13076 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 57 ], [ 59, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2020 it was reported that the Prince's Trust was providing funds to allow people sent as children from the UK to Australia by the Fairbridge Society to make claims for compensation for sexual and physical abuse. While Australia had a national redress scheme for people sexually abused as children in institutions, those sent by the Fairbridge Society were not eligible as the Society no longer existed. The Prince's Trust had previously been criticised for \"covering its backside\" by denying it had knowledge of abuse suffered by Fairbridge Society child migrants.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Exposure and apologies", "target_page_ids": [ 1715062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Heaven on Earth, 1987 television film", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Media", "target_page_ids": [ 70494099 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Leaving of Liverpool: 1992 television mini-series", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Media", "target_page_ids": [ 31856686 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Oranges and Sunshine: 2010 drama film", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Media", "target_page_ids": [ 28070112 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Singer/songwriter released the song \"Suitcase Full of Lies\" in 2021 to accompany the History Detective Podcast Season 2 Episode 6: Child Migrants to Australia After WWII.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Media", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Season 4, Episode 1 of the British television series Call the Midwife features a family of neglected children who are sent to Australia under the Child Migrant Programme.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Media", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Season 12, Episode 11 of the Canadian television series Murdoch Mysteries, entitled 'Annabella Cinderella' is about a home child", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Media", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Notes", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bibliography", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Oschefski, Lori \"Bleating of the Lambs - Canada's British Home Children\" 2015 Rose Printing ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Boucher, Ellen. Empire's Children: Child Emigration, Welfare, and the Decline of the British World, 1869–1967 (2016) .", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Coldrey, Barry. \"'A charity which has outlived its usefulness': the last phase of Catholic child migration, 1947–56.\" History of Education 25.4 (1996): 373–386. ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Doyle-Wood, Stan [2011]. A Trace of Genocide: ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Sherington, Geoffrey. \"Contrasting narratives in the history of twentieth-century British child migration to Australia: An interpretive essay.\" History Australia 9.2 (2012): 27–47.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Swain, Shurlee and Margot Hillel, eds. Child, Nation, Race and Empire: Child Rescue Discourse, England, Canada and Australia, 1850–1915 (2010). review", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 57722736 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " British Home Children Advocacy & Research Association", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " British Home Child Group International", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " British Child Emigration Scheme to Canada", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " British Home Children Descendants Site dedicated to the one million British Home Children Descendants", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ontario Heritage Foundation plaque and background information", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Home Children (1869–1930) Search Database, Library and Archives Canada.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 850934 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adoption & Forgotten Australians", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The Golden Bridge, an online exhibition created by the Institute for Research and Innovation in Social Services that tells the story of child migration to Canada from Scotland.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 31291807 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " British Parliament Health Committee Report, July 1998", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Child Migration – Legislative Provisions British Parliamentary Report Appendix", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 13964 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Inside: Life Inside Children's Homes and Institutions, National Museum of Australia", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Inside: Life Inside Children's Homes and Institutions exhibition blog, National Museum of Australia", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Forgotten Australians: Our history – Australian Government website which includes oral histories, resources and photographs", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " List of Child Migrant sent to Australia – History ", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Heaven on Earth (1987) Canadian film (based on a true story) regarding 125,000 Welsh Home Children shipped to Canada", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The Leaving of Liverpool (1992) Australian film regarding UK children shipped to Australia following World War 2", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Oranges and Sunshine (2010) British-Australian co-production based on Margaret Humphreys' story.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 5620838 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 89 ] ] } ]

[ "Adoption_history", "Forced_migration", "History_of_immigration_to_Canada", "Immigration_to_New_Zealand", "Immigration_to_South_Africa", "19th_century_in_the_British_Empire", "Social_history_of_England", "Social_history_of_Scotland", "Children's_rights_in_England", "Children's_rights_in_Scotland", "Scottish_people_of_the_British_Empire", "19th_century_in_Canada", "19th_century_in_Australia", "19th_century_in_New_Zealand", "19th_century_in_South_Africa", "20th_century_in_Canada", "Institutional_abuse", "British_emigrants_to_Australia", "British_emigrants_to_Canada", "British_emigrants_to_New_Zealand", "British_emigrants_to_South_Africa", "International_child_abduction", "1869_in_the_British_Empire", "Articles_containing_video_clips", "Settlement_schemes", "Immigration_to_Ontario" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Boogie-woogie is a form of swing dance which is closely related to the genre of music of the same name.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 162255, 170521 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 38 ], [ 71, 102 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The term boogie woogie is confusing; the dance can be danced to the music style called boogie-woogie but is most often danced to rock music of various kinds. The name was taken since the name rock'n'roll used in competition dance was already taken by a highly acrobatic dance form. Boogie woogie as a competition dance is a led dance, not choreographed, and can contain acrobatic elements, but not like in acrobatic rock'n'roll. The limitation of aerials are various in European countries, but by the strong Lindy Hop influence, they cannot be completely removed from the dance. Mainly the couples have to maintain some contact during the acrobatics. This rule helps to avoid moves like double/triple saltos and the like.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Terminology", "target_page_ids": [ 170521, 25423, 2443795, 39809074 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 87, 100 ], [ 129, 139 ], [ 192, 203 ], [ 508, 517 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The usual step variation is a six-beat dance pattern, usually cued as \"tri-ple step, tri-ple step, step, step\", with words \"step\" taking a whole beat and pieces \"tri\" and \"ple\" together taking one beat. \"Tri-ple\" forms a syncopated step, where \"ple\" is typically somewhat delayed from being halfway between the beats, which matches the syncopated music used in boogie-woogie. In parts of Europe, boogie-woogie is mostly danced as a social dance. In others, it is mostly a competition form. It is cited in Madonna's hit single \"Music\" as a type of dance.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Description", "target_page_ids": [ 160240, 409416, 348384, 326547, 142056, 2231718 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 52 ], [ 62, 65 ], [ 432, 444 ], [ 472, 488 ], [ 505, 512 ], [ 527, 532 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The competitions are regulated by the World Rock'n'Roll Confederation. In addition to adults the competition forms of boogie woogie include formation, senior and junior classes.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Description", "target_page_ids": [ 1417860, 606788 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 69 ], [ 140, 149 ] ] } ]

[ "Swing_dances", "Dancesport", "Competitive_dance", "Articles_containing_video_clips" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Cuckoo is a 2009 British thriller film starring Laura Fraser, Richard E. Grant, Tamsin Greig, Antonia Bernath and Adam F, set in London, UK. It was created, written, and directed by Richard Bracewell and produced by Richard and Tony Bracewell. The film was cast by Dan Hubbard of the Hubbard casting family and scored by Bafta-nominated composer Andrew Hewitt.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 867922, 307164, 1120283, 17010658, 405595, 6943391, 1695793 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 60 ], [ 62, 78 ], [ 80, 92 ], [ 94, 109 ], [ 114, 120 ], [ 182, 199 ], [ 346, 359 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cuckoo is described as a \"thriller about sounds and lies\". The film tells the story of student Polly (Laura Fraser) who begins to think she is going mad as she starts to hear unexplained sounds.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Richard E. Grant as Professor Julius Greengrass", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 307164 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Laura Fraser as Polly", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 867922 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Antonia Bernath as Jimi", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 17010658 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adam F as Chapman", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 405595 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tamsin Greig as Simon", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 1120283 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard Brake as Lone Wolf", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Cast", "target_page_ids": [ 8225476 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cuckoo was shot on location in December 2007 and January 2008 in London and Norwich, and in a studio built in a disused grain warehouse in Yarmouth. Filming locations included Berwick Street and Wardour Street in Soho in London.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 103443, 725885, 98933, 991405, 308205, 39616 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 76, 83 ], [ 94, 100 ], [ 139, 147 ], [ 176, 190 ], [ 195, 209 ], [ 213, 217 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The premiere of Cuckoo was premiered in September 2009 at the Cambridge Film Festival, where Clive James called the film \"masterly and thrilling\". Other UK film festival screenings followed at the last Filmstock festival in Luton, attended by Shere Hite who called Cuckoo \"gripping from beginning to end\", and at Glasgow Film Festival in February 2010, after which Scottish arts magazine The Skinny wrote that the film was \"as tangible a representation of a troubled mind as you are likely to encounter on film\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Release", "target_page_ids": [ 6796212, 445291, 900054, 3228389, 5194866 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 85 ], [ 93, 104 ], [ 243, 253 ], [ 313, 334 ], [ 388, 398 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cuckoo was released in UK cinemas on 17 December 2010 by Verve Pictures and on DVD, Blu-ray and iTunes in the UK by Verve Pictures on 28 February 2011. The discs contained an audio commentary and theatrical trailer as extras.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Release", "target_page_ids": [ 186266 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 96, 102 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cuckoo divided UK film critics sharply. , the film holds a 10% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on ten reviews with an average rating of 3.4 out of 10. Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph wrote \"After a debut as impressive as The Gigolos, writer-director Richard Bracewell concocts a dismayingly daft script for this shoestring psychological thriller\". David Jenkins in Time Out commented that the film was \"not particularly exciting or original, especially as it's never made quite clear what all the fuss is about\". Andrew Lowry in Total Film called it \"well-intentioned but fairly undramatic\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Reviews", "target_page_ids": [ 832482, 23797577, 6245053, 1350983, 982385 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 82, 97 ], [ 174, 193 ], [ 232, 243 ], [ 376, 384 ], [ 540, 550 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In a four-star Daily Mirror review, David Edwards wrote that the film was \"an unsettling, unconventional ... quite unlike anything our film industry is pumping out these days\", adding that \"Fraser is superb as a woman who just might be on the verge of a nervous breakdown\". In a four-star Den of Geek review, Doralba Picerno wrote that Cuckoo was \"a little gem of a movie ... which will keep you engrossed for its duration and get you to do a lot of thinking about it afterwards. This is independent British cinema at its best, a thought-provoking feature where there are no clear demarcations of either guilt or reality and the atmosphere is rarefied and eerie.\"", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Reviews", "target_page_ids": [ 235688 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guardian Film Weekly podcast interview with Jason Solomons and Richard Bracewell", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " ITV Anglia News report on set in Yarmouth.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "2009_psychological_thriller_films", "British_psychological_thriller_films", "Films_directed_by_Richard_Bracewell", "2009_films", "Films_scored_by_Andrew_Hewitt", "2000s_English-language_films" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Boogie-woogie is a piano-based music style.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 170521 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Boogie-woogie may also refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Boogie-woogie (dance), a swing dance", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1446072 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Boogie Woogie\" (song), a 1995 song by EuroGroove and Dannii Minogue", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 5306461 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Boogie Woogie (album), a 1941 compilation album released by Columbia Records", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 48937266 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Boogie Woogie (film), a 2009 comedy film", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 14035596 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Boogie Woogie (TV series), a dance-based show broadcast in India", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 12316492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Boogie Oogie, a Brazilian telenovela produced by Rede Globo in 2014", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 43846392 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Broadway Boogie Woogie, a 1943 painting by Piet Mondrian", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1333526 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Boogie Woogie Red (1925–1992), American blues musician", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 26151202 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Boogie Oogie Oogie\", a 1978 song by A Taste of Honey", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 9324645 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Oogie Boogie, a character from the animated film The Nightmare Before Christmas", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 9318028 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Omaha Steaks International, Inc., known as Omaha Steaks, is a food retailer. The company is named after the city it was founded in, and its headquarters location, Omaha, Nebraska. Omaha Steaks manufactures, markets, and distributes a variety of steaks, meat, seafood, and some prepared foods. The company was an early pioneer in direct mail sales and online marketing.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 46159 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 163, 178 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The company was founded in 1917 as a butcher shop in Omaha, Nebraska. It is a fifth-generation, privately held, family business that became one of America's largest marketers of beef.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 46159, 1499655, 1467641 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 68 ], [ 96, 110 ], [ 112, 127 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "J.J. Simon and his son, B.A., came to America to escape antisemitism. Passing through Ellis Island in 1898, they settled in Omaha because of the farmland's similarity to their homeland, Riga, Latvia. They worked for nearly 20 years as butchers for other people. In 1917, the family founded Table Supply Meat Company in downtown Omaha as a cattle carcass operation at 17th and Douglas streets. The name of the company would later change in 1966.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1078, 9806, 25508, 17514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 68 ], [ 86, 98 ], [ 186, 190 ], [ 192, 198 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Simon family bought a carpentry store as the site for their meat-cutting business. To save money, B.A. moved the two letters \"Co\" to the right, inserted the word \"Meat\" and called their new company Table Supply Meat Co. By 1924, the business moved to a larger building at 1211 Howard Street, in the Old Market neighborhood, from which J.J. and B.A. began selling cuts of meat to local supermarkets, national grocery chains, hotel restaurants, and institutional customers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 5150404 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 303, 313 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "B.A.'s son, Lester Simon, is credited with introducing Omaha Steaks across the United States, when he brokered a deal with the Union Pacific Railroad to begin serving Omaha Steaks in the dining cars of their transcontinental trains in the 1940s. Lester Simon hand-selected the meat for the Union Pacific passenger trains that traveled between Omaha and Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle. Train passengers who ordered Omaha Steaks in Union Pacific's dining cars prompted the company to launch its first mail order ventures – magazine ads and direct mail flyers – in 1952. Lester Simon also began shifting Table Supply's focus from a butcher operation to the marketing of fine cuts of meat.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 164671 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 127, 149 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1952, the first mail order operation was launched. The meat was shipped in wax-lined cartons filled with dry ice. It was not until the early 1960s that insulated shipping containers made of polystyrene and vacuum packaging became available. In 1961, Nebraska Governor Frank B. Morrison sent steaks from Table Supply to President John F. Kennedy and all of the governors in the United States. In that same year, Table Supply was involved in the Culinary Olympics held in Frankfurt, Germany, at which the United States team won the Grand Gold Prize with a dish that featured aged prime ribs of beef provided by Table Supply, thereby earning an international reputation for the company.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 59156, 168393, 7367038, 615086, 5119376, 21156027, 10992, 3434750 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 108, 115 ], [ 193, 204 ], [ 209, 225 ], [ 271, 288 ], [ 332, 347 ], [ 447, 464 ], [ 473, 491 ], [ 506, 519 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1966, when the company moved into a southwest Omaha headquarters at 4400 S. 96th Street, the Simon family changed the name from Table Supply Meat Co. to Omaha Steaks International. The company plant is still at that site. The corporate offices are now at 10909 John Galt Boulevard. In the 1970s, Omaha Steaks added inbound and outbound call centers and a mail order industry-first toll-free customer service line. An automated order entry system was installed in 1987.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Omaha Steaks opened its first retail store in Omaha in 1976. Before then, buying a product from the company was limited to eating at certain restaurants that offered their products or ordering meats from its mail-order catalog. Omaha Steaks underwent another expansion phase in the 1980s and 1990s, consolidating administration and marketing in two new buildings.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1985, the company expanded beyond Nebraska, opening a retail store in Houston. Omaha Steaks now has more than 85 retail stores in 29 states. Another area where Omaha Steaks focused on growing was its corporate sales unit, which it expanded upon in the mid-1990s. Omaha Steaks created a separate corporate catalog that was intended to serve the corporate buyers who were already customers. The effort soon began to pay off for Omaha Steaks. In two years, the company grew its sales by 50 percent.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 13774 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 73, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2004, Omaha Steaks began selling pet food.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Omaha Steaks products are shipped in coolers with dry ice. The company also operates retail stores, which carry the same products offered through mail order. The company uses a variety of marketing techniques, including mail order, retail sales and Internet-based sales. ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Operations", "target_page_ids": [ 59156 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Bruce Simon was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Omaha Steaks until his death in 2021. Todd Simon, Bruce's cousin, assumed the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Nate Rempe will continue in his roles as President and Chief Operating Officer.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Operations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Omaha Steaks is the 22nd largest employer in the city of Omaha. The company hires 2,500 seasonal employees, some of whom are hired to add to company's permanent work force of about 1,500. Omaha Steaks is the largest small parcel direct shipper of gourmet foods in the US. Its 400-item product line generates revenue of about $450 million in annual sales – a total of about 4 million packages a year.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Operations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "As of 2017, the company was led by Lester's son and grandson, Alan and Bruce Simon, as well as Todd Simon.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Operations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Omaha Steaks was an early adopter of internet marketing since the 1990s, using CompuServe for online sales. Omahasteaks.com, launched in 1995, is the company's fastest growing business segment. The company became part of the Microsoft Network in 1998. In 2011, Omaha Steaks launched a website for mobile devices and released the Steak Time applications for iPhone and iPad. Steak Time features how-to videos, tips, and recipes.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Marketing", "target_page_ids": [ 900498, 77664, 185041, 8841749, 25970423 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 33 ], [ 79, 89 ], [ 225, 242 ], [ 357, 363 ], [ 368, 372 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Chef James Beard served as a spokesperson for the company in the 1970s and cookbook author Merle Ellis served as a spokesperson in the 1980s. In 2010, Omaha Steaks was granted a trademark for the phrase \"The Official Sponsor of Tailgating.\" In October 2020, Omaha Steaks announced that chef David Rose would serve as the company's executive chef and spokesperson, and also consult on product development.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Marketing", "target_page_ids": [ 16442 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Omaha Steaks and the Simon family support local and national charities and arts organizations, as well as education scholarships. Organizations supported by the company and family have included Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts, Film Streams, Santa Fe Opera. Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, American Heart Association, American Cancer Society, and Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. The company also works with the disaster relief organization Mercy Chefs, Feeding America, and Food Bank for the Heartland.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Philanthropy", "target_page_ids": [ 14799809, 5384074, 726176, 2005758, 2885836, 581673, 522681, 392793, 2643914 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 194, 228 ], [ 230, 242 ], [ 244, 258 ], [ 260, 297 ], [ 299, 334 ], [ 336, 362 ], [ 364, 387 ], [ 393, 428 ], [ 504, 519 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Omaha Steaks on CNBC The Big Idea (12/5/06)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [ 2352154 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Omaha Steaks on Hell's Kitchen (December 10, 2014)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [ 18580803 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Harrisson, John, and Frederick J. Simon. Omaha Steaks: Let's Grill. New York: Clarkson Potter, 2001. ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Harrisson, John, and Frederick J. Simon. Omaha Steaks Meat. New York, N.Y: C. Potter, 2001. ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Simon, Frederick J, John Harrisson, and Mark Kiffin. The Steaklover's Companion: 170 Savory Recipes from America's Greatest Chefs. New York: HarperCollins, 1997. Adapts dishes from recipes developed by James Beard, who had been an Omaha Steaks consultant for many years.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [ 16442 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 204, 215 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Simon, Frederick J, and John Harrisson. A year of beef recipes : beef for all seasons. New York: HarperCollins, 1999. ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The Great American Grilling Book. New York: Time, Inc. Home Entertainment, 2008. ", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Omaha Steaks International good life guide and cookbook, a yearly volume", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Great Gathering Guide & Cookbook, a free cookbook and cooking guide with coupons", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Works or publications", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Direct marketing", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 665239 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gourmet Foods", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 31642451 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] } ]

[ "Companies_based_in_Omaha,_Nebraska", "Food_manufacturers_of_the_United_States", "Brand_name_meats", "Cuisine_of_Omaha,_Nebraska", "1917_establishments_in_Nebraska", "American_companies_established_in_1917", "Food_and_drink_companies_established_in_1917", "Retail_companies_established_in_1917" ]

[ "Omaha Steaks International, Inc.", "Omaha Steaks International", "Omaha Steaks International Inc" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Aamu (Egyptian language: 𓂝𓄿𓅓𓅱 ) was an Egyptian name used to designate Western Asiatic foreigners in antiquity. It is generally translated as \"Western Asiatic\", but suggestions have been made these could be identical with the Canaanites or the Amorites.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 46918, 399656, 50250, 42944976 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 23 ], [ 71, 83 ], [ 226, 236 ], [ 244, 252 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Abraham could have been related to the Western Asian people known to have visited Egypt during the second millennium BCE, such as the Aamu or Retjenu. David Rohl proposed to identify Abraham with the Aamu, well known in Egyptian sources as a people of West Asia. In Egyptian, the reading of the second aleph, when there are two consecutive alephs in a word, change to \"r\" or \"l\", so that the word Aamu, which has traditionally been suspected to mean Amorites, may actually be read \"Aramu\", referring to the Arameans, and associated with Abraham through the name given to him in the Bible, \"Abraham the wandering Aramaean\".", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1436, 6158115, 249686, 1780316, 42944976, 470212 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 7 ], [ 142, 149 ], [ 151, 161 ], [ 302, 307 ], [ 450, 458 ], [ 507, 515 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "An ancient Egyptian painting in the tomb of 12th Dynasty official Khnumhotep II, at Beni Hasan (c. 1900 BCE), shows a group of West Asiatic foreigners, possibly Canaanites, labelled as Aamu (), including the leading man with a Nubian ibex labelled \"Abisha the Hyksos\" ( ḥḳꜣ-ḫꜣsw, Heqa-kasut for \"Hyksos\"). The Aamu from this relief are further labeled as being from the area of Shu, which may be identified, with some uncertainty, with the area of Moab in southern Palestine (region), around the Jordan river, or generally the southern Levant, just east of the Jordan river and the Red Sea.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 878932, 43908041, 2073773, 50250, 2798950, 103525, 71454, 1114732, 47910, 18138, 26191 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 56 ], [ 66, 79 ], [ 84, 94 ], [ 161, 167 ], [ 227, 238 ], [ 260, 266 ], [ 448, 452 ], [ 465, 483 ], [ 496, 508 ], [ 536, 542 ], [ 582, 589 ] ] } ]

[ "Geography_of_ancient_Egypt", "Canaan" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "WrestleMania VI was the sixth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on April 1, 1990, at SkyDome in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, marking the first WrestleMania to be held outside of the United States. The event had an announced attendance of 67,678, which was a record for the Skydome at the time.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 24864, 101733, 47146440, 62676, 171554, 64646, 5042916 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 49 ], [ 50, 72 ], [ 73, 85 ], [ 92, 97 ], [ 114, 140 ], [ 192, 199 ], [ 203, 219 ], [ 221, 227 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Aside from its record-breaking attendance, the event is arguably best remembered for \"The Ultimate Challenge\"—the main event match which saw Hulk Hogan (WWF Champion) vs. The Ultimate Warrior (WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion), in which both championship titles were on the line. On February 3, 1990, a week after Hogan and Warrior crossed paths in the 1990 Royal Rumble match, Hogan put forth \"The Ultimate Challenge\" to Warrior, and had to know whether Hulkamania or the power of Warrior was the strongest force in the WWF. On February 10, the match was officially announced as the main event of WrestleMania VI by then WWF President Jack Tunney. On February 24, Tunney announced that both the WWF Championship and Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship would be on the line for the first time ever during the match. At WrestleMania VI, Warrior won his sole WWF Championship.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 301775, 630463, 684397, 722875, 1593817, 518916, 2621474, 2937761 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 141, 151 ], [ 153, 165 ], [ 171, 191 ], [ 193, 234 ], [ 251, 270 ], [ 367, 385 ], [ 631, 644 ], [ 645, 656 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania is considered the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) flagship pay-per-view event, having first been held in 1985. It is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. It was the first of the WWF's original four annual pay-per-views, which includes Royal Rumble, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, which were eventually dubbed the \"Big Four\". WrestleMania VI was scheduled to be held on April 1, 1990, at SkyDome in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, marking the first WrestleMania to be held outside of the United States.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 62676, 101733, 896839, 518916, 697071, 848251, 171554, 64646, 5042916 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 31, 57 ], [ 84, 96 ], [ 130, 134 ], [ 269, 281 ], [ 283, 293 ], [ 299, 314 ], [ 423, 430 ], [ 434, 450 ], [ 452, 458 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Robert Goulet sang a rendition of O Canada before the event. Future multi-time world champions Edge and Christian were in attendance, as were Lance Storm and Renee Young. Diamond Dallas Page had a cameo on the show driving Rhythm and Blues and Jimmy Hart to the ring in his pink Cadillac. Actor Stephen Amell, who would go on to compete in a match at SummerSlam in 2015, was also in attendance. Mary Tyler Moore was sitting at ringside, and there was a backstage segment with Steve Allen and The Bolsheviks (Boris Zhukov and Nikolai Volkoff). Columnist Rona Barrett interviewed Miss Elizabeth at the event.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 326309, 22504, 1593817, 306723, 1944911, 438904, 304918, 40715991, 938227, 2220149, 692665, 13282355, 44939979, 20833, 144196, 7845157, 10831189, 539718, 1980862, 259765 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 34, 42 ], [ 79, 94 ], [ 95, 99 ], [ 100, 103 ], [ 104, 113 ], [ 142, 153 ], [ 158, 169 ], [ 171, 190 ], [ 223, 239 ], [ 244, 254 ], [ 296, 309 ], [ 352, 362 ], [ 396, 412 ], [ 477, 488 ], [ 493, 507 ], [ 509, 521 ], [ 526, 541 ], [ 554, 566 ], [ 579, 593 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The event received mixed-to-positive reviews, though most reviewers praised the main event between Hogan and Warrior. Jason Powell was among the reviewers who praised the main event, calling it \"A truly amazing match considering the limitations of both men, particularly Warrior\". However, he went on to say, \"The overall WrestleMania 6 card was softer than WrestleMania 5 card, but it was a better show that [sic] WrestleManias 1, 2, and 4\". The Hulk Hogan-Ultimate Warrior match was named 1990's \"Match of the Year\" by Pro Wrestling Illustrated magazine readers.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 30654736, 1840022 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 491, 517 ], [ 521, 546 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The match between Roddy Piper and Bad News Brown received heavy criticism for featuring Piper (at that point a babyface) being painted in half-black against the African American Brown. In 2021, the match and promo was removed from the version of WrestleMania VI streamed on WWE Network in the United States.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 405184, 1765684, 557667, 89708, 2154, 32086367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 29 ], [ 34, 48 ], [ 111, 119 ], [ 143, 148 ], [ 161, 177 ], [ 274, 285 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Because Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion The Ultimate Warrior defeated Hulk Hogan to win the WWF Championship, Warrior was forced to vacate the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship, as the rules prohibited any wrestler from holding more than one singles belt simultaneously. An eight-man tournament was held, conducted on the WWF's syndicated Superstars of Wrestling and Wrestling Challenge, with Mr. Perfect winning the title by defeating Tito Santana in the finals.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 684397, 2281699, 2449655, 469610, 1604392 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 66 ], [ 353, 376 ], [ 381, 400 ], [ 407, 418 ], [ 450, 462 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When Brutus \"The Barber\" Beefcake defeated Mr. Perfect at Wrestlemania VI, it was billed as Perfect's first pinfall loss in the WWF. However, in reality, Perfect had been pinned by The Ultimate Warrior in a match at Madison Square Garden that aired on the MSG Network less than two weeks prior to WrestleMania.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 38293140, 75129, 1965052 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 33 ], [ 216, 237 ], [ 256, 267 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As the new WWF Champion, The Ultimate Warrior would initially be a successful main event draw, with his main rival being \"Ravishing\" Rick Rude – a wrestler he had fought during much of 1989 over the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship – during the spring and summer of 1990. Meanwhile, Hogan wrestled several matches in Japan shortly after WrestleMania VI but soon began feuding with the 470-pound Earthquake, with that feud heating up when Earthquake sneak-attacked Hogan on The Brother Love Show in May. Announcers explained that Hogan's injuries from the attack and the loss to Warrior both took such a huge toll on his fighting spirit that he wanted to retire, and viewers were persuaded to write Hogan to encourage him to return. Hogan would return by SummerSlam in August 1990 and got revenge on Earthquake, dominating him in matches that continued into early 1991.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 1156120, 1849889 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 78, 88 ], [ 121, 142 ], [ 482, 503 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Immediately following the Colossal Connection's WWF Tag Team Championship loss to Demolition, manager Bobby \"the Brain\" Heenan began yelling at Andre the Giant in the ring, blaming him for the loss and slapping him in the face. Andre grabbed Heenan and knocked Heenan out of the ring; when Haku attempted to sneak-attack Andre, Andre caught his leg and knocked Haku from the ring, making Andre a face for the first time in three years. Although he toured Japan in April, this would prove to be Andre's last televised match in the WWF as real-life health problems with acromegaly were continuing to take their toll. Andre returned to the WWF late in 1990 for several non-wrestling appearances that continued into 1991, but Andre's health would continue to decline, and he died on January 27, 1993. Meanwhile, Demolition began a slow heel turn during the spring of 1990, adding a third member Crush to the team. This was due to Bill Eadie (who competed as Ax) desiring to take a lesser active role in wrestling, and Crush and Smash would soon become the primary defenders of the belt.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 6058723, 985535, 1453397, 2575, 557667, 20936195, 1815577, 1916138 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 45 ], [ 48, 73 ], [ 102, 126 ], [ 144, 159 ], [ 396, 400 ], [ 568, 578 ], [ 891, 896 ], [ 926, 936 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "This was Jesse Ventura's last stint as a color commentator at a WWF pay-per-view event. He continued his role as an on-air color commentator for Superstars through August 1990, at which time he left the company.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 2281699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 145, 155 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "At the 1998 edition of their annual Halloween Havoc pay-per-view event, rival promotion World Championship Wrestling (WCW) pitted Hogan against Warrior once again. Hogan won with outside assistance, giving each man one victory apiece. The contest has gained a reputation as one of the worst bouts in history, being vilified by critics, then-WCW president Eric Bischoff, and former company announcer Gene Okerlund. Bischoff has disputed the rumor that he hired Warrior merely to give Hogan an opportunity to avenge his WrestleMania VI loss.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 55913322, 1911262, 186694, 55913322, 304089, 2030612 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 19 ], [ 36, 51 ], [ 88, 116 ], [ 260, 307 ], [ 355, 368 ], [ 399, 412 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Professional wrestling in Canada", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 44285076 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1980s professional wrestling boom", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 5697193 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Official Website of WrestleMania VI", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1990_in_Toronto", "1990_WWF_pay-per-view_events", "April_1990_events_in_Canada", "Events_in_Toronto", "Professional_wrestling_in_Toronto", "WrestleMania", "WWE_in_Canada" ]

[ "WrestleMania 6" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Valhalla Golf Club, located in Louisville, Kentucky, is a private golf club designed by Jack Nicklaus, opened in 1986.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 58592, 242911 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 51 ], [ 88, 101 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1992, Valhalla was selected to host the PGA Championship in the year 1996, one of golf's four majors. The following year (1993), the PGA of America purchased a 25% interest in the club. After the championship in 1996, the PGA of America raised its stake to 50% and announced that the event would return to Valhalla in 2000. At its conclusion, the PGA of America exercised an option to purchase the remaining interest in the club. Later that year, it announced that the Ryder Cup would be held at Valhalla in 2008.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 224616, 18096431, 1506950, 210498, 18026889, 91198, 7155791 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 43, 59 ], [ 72, 76 ], [ 97, 103 ], [ 136, 150 ], [ 321, 325 ], [ 472, 481 ], [ 511, 515 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Valhalla also hosted the PGA Club Professional Championship in 2002 and the Senior PGA Championship in 2004. The PGA Championship was originally scheduled to be played at Valhalla in 2004, but the PGA of America switched it to Whistling Straits in Wisconsin.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6300836, 1543885, 16092658, 897492, 33127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 59 ], [ 76, 99 ], [ 183, 187 ], [ 227, 244 ], [ 248, 257 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2009, the PGA of America announced that the Senior PGA Championship and the PGA Championship would return to Valhalla in 2011 and 2014, respectively. in November 2017, the PGA of America announced that the PGA Championship would return to Valhalla in 2024.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On June 1, 2022, the club and the PGA of America jointly announced that the club had been sold to a group of club members led by Jimmy Kirchdorfer, CEO of locally based piping supplier ISCO Industries. Other group members include former Yum! Brands CEO David Novak, businessman and former NBA player Junior Bridgeman, and hotelier Chester Musselman.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 74093, 22275267, 22093, 5507596 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 237, 248 ], [ 253, 264 ], [ 289, 292 ], [ 300, 316 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The course sits on a property on Shelbyville Road (US 60) in the eastern portion of Louisville just outside the Gene Snyder Freeway (I-265) It was envisioned by local business leader Dwight Gahm (pronounced \"game\") and his three sons in 1981, and opened five years later. Steve Houg is the head professional as of March 2016.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 5430296, 1113453 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 57 ], [ 134, 139 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 1996 PGA Championship was won in a playoff; Mark Brooks won his only major title with a birdie on the first extra hole, the par-5 18th. Franklin native Kenny Perry was the runner-up in the event's final sudden-death playoff. Four years later, the 2000 PGA Championship also went to a playoff; Tiger Woods won by one stroke over Bob May in the revised three-hole format. Woods had a 3-4-5=12 to May's 4-4-5=13 on the course's final three holes. It was Woods' second consecutive PGA Championship, his fifth major title and his third of his eventual \"Tiger Slam\" of four consecutive major titles – the PGA Championship was preceded by the 2000 U.S. Open at Pebble Beach and the 2000 Open Championship at the Old Course at St Andrews and then followed by the 2001 Masters at Augusta National.) Valhalla hosted its third PGA Championship in 2014, when Rory McIlroy beat Phil Mickelson also by one stroke. Beforehand, the course had undergone a major \"modernization\" after it hosted the Senior PGA Championship in 2011, which included the rebuilding of all 18 greens.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Major tournaments hosted", "target_page_ids": [ 2295891, 115428, 1558607, 43356, 3528782, 17128242, 2206435, 18027810, 469164, 16514667, 656221, 3949844, 592392 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 59 ], [ 140, 148 ], [ 156, 167 ], [ 297, 308 ], [ 332, 339 ], [ 640, 654 ], [ 658, 670 ], [ 679, 701 ], [ 709, 733 ], [ 759, 771 ], [ 775, 791 ], [ 851, 863 ], [ 869, 883 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In addition, Valhalla hosted the Ryder Cup in 2008, with the United States defeating Europe 16½ to 11½ for the first U.S. win since their comeback victory in 1999 at The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts. Perry and another native Kentuckian – J. B. Holmes of Campbellsville, who made the team as one of American captain Paul Azinger's four picks - were part of the victorious Team USA and accounted for a combined five points.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Major tournaments hosted", "target_page_ids": [ 91198, 7155791, 7127064, 6761420, 99048, 4122016, 115430, 1551597 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 42 ], [ 46, 50 ], [ 158, 162 ], [ 166, 182 ], [ 186, 210 ], [ 250, 262 ], [ 266, 280 ], [ 327, 339 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Club will host the 2024 PGA Championship, marking the fourth time as host site for that major.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Major tournaments hosted", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Course setup for the 2014 PGA Championship", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Scorecard", "target_page_ids": [ 41062979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sports in Louisville, Kentucky", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2345936 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2287364 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nicklaus.com Valhalla Golf Club", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 2008 Ryder Cup: course description", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Louisville Courier-Journal: course map for 2008 Ryder Cup", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Golf_clubs_and_courses_in_Kentucky", "Golf_clubs_and_courses_designed_by_Jack_Nicklaus", "Ryder_Cup_venues", "Sports_venues_in_Louisville,_Kentucky", "1986_establishments_in_Kentucky", "Sports_venues_completed_in_1986" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Percy Algernon Taverner (June 10, 1875 – May 9, 1947) was a Canadian ornithologist and architect.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 19851291, 42967 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 68 ], [ 69, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He was born Percy Algernon Fowler in Guelph, Ontario in 1875. When his parents separated and his mother remarried, he took on his new parent's surname, Tavernier, which he later changed to Taverner. Taverner, a self-taught naturalist, was the first ornithologist at the National Museum of Canada, now the Canadian Museum of Nature, from 1912 to 1942. Taverner was in correspondence with Alberta's first female naturalist and 'keen observer' of birdlife Elsie Cassels. Taverner was one of a handful of federal bureaucrats who convinced the Canadian Government to sign the 1916 Canada-U.S. Migratory Birds Convention. He helped establish Point Pelee National Park and a number of bird sanctuaries across Canada, including Bonaventure Island. As an architect, Taverner designed in Chicago, Detroit and Ottawa, including homes on Rosedale Avenue and Leonard Avenue in Ottawa.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 178833, 22218, 166380, 419340, 717, 62701288, 99226, 5042916, 871109 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 43 ], [ 45, 52 ], [ 223, 233 ], [ 305, 330 ], [ 387, 394 ], [ 453, 466 ], [ 636, 661 ], [ 702, 708 ], [ 720, 738 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A pillar of the Ottawa naturalist community, he was president of the Ottawa Field Naturalists’ Club in the 1930s and was substantially responsible for the survival of this organization and its journal, The Canadian Field-Naturalist, which he founded.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Taverner was a mentor to Louise de Kiriline Lawrence in her career as an ornithologist, encouraging her work as a bird bander.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2385136, 361216 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 52 ], [ 114, 125 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He died in Ottawa in 1947 and is buried in Beechwood Cemetery. Taverner is the subject of a biography titled \"A Life With Birds: Percy A. Taverner, Canadian Ornithologist\".", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 22219, 27918470 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 43, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Taverner Cup, a 24-hour competitive birdathon held in eastern Ontario and western Quebec, is named after him. The timberline sparrow (Spizella breweri taverneri), considered to be a subspecies of Brewer's sparrow, and a subspecies of Canada goose (Branta canadensis taverneri) carry the last part in his honour. In turn, he named the Fleming's grouse (Dendragapus obscurus flemingi) after Canadian ornithologist James Henry Fleming.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Honors", "target_page_ids": [ 22218, 7954867, 12483576, 185901, 1451530, 185901, 218972, 1254556, 17542970 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 73 ], [ 86, 92 ], [ 118, 136 ], [ 186, 196 ], [ 200, 216 ], [ 224, 234 ], [ 238, 250 ], [ 356, 376 ], [ 416, 435 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2015, in recognition of his contributions, the City of Ottawa named a new park at 130 Woodbine Place “Percy Taverner Park.”", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Honors", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Birds of Eastern Canada (1919)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Partial works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Birds of Western Canada (1926)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Partial works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Birds of Canada (1934)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Partial works", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1875_births", "1947_deaths", "Canadian_naturalists", "People_from_Guelph", "Canadian_people_of_English_descent", "Burials_at_Beechwood_Cemetery_(Ottawa)" ]

[ "Percy Algernon Taverner" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The 442nd Infantry Regiment () was an infantry regiment of the United States Army. The regiment is best known as the most decorated in U.S. military history and as a fighting unit composed almost entirely of second-generation American soldiers of Japanese ancestry (Nisei) who fought in World War II. Beginning in 1944, the regiment fought primarily in the European Theatre, in particular Italy, southern France, and Germany. The 442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT) was organized on March 23, 1943, in response to the War Department's call for volunteers to form the segregated Japanese American army combat unit. More than 12,000 Nisei (second-generation Japanese American) volunteers answered the call. Ultimately 2,686 from Hawaii and 1,500 from U.S. concentration camps assembled at Camp Shelby, Mississippi in April 1943 for a year of infantry training. Many of the soldiers from the continental U.S. had families in concentration camps while they fought abroad. The unit's motto was \"Go for Broke\".", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 15068, 166653, 32087, 19477504, 19262812, 32927, 342640, 493696, 252167, 6513604, 46884 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 46 ], [ 47, 55 ], [ 63, 81 ], [ 244, 264 ], [ 266, 271 ], [ 287, 299 ], [ 357, 373 ], [ 389, 394 ], [ 396, 411 ], [ 417, 424 ], [ 909, 940 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd Regiment is the most decorated unit for its size in U.S. military history. Created as the 442nd Regimental Combat Team (,", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 161323 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dai Yonhyakuyonjūni Rentai Sentōdan) when it was activated 1 February 1943, the unit quickly grew to its fighting complement of about 4,000 men by April 1943, and an eventual total of about 14,000 men served overall. The unit including the 100th Infantry Battalion earned more than 18,000 awards in less than two years, including more than 4,000 Purple Hearts and 4,000 Bronze Star Medals. The unit was awarded eight Presidential Unit Citations (seven between 1944 and 1946, five earned in one month). Twenty-one of its members were awarded Medals of Honor. In 2010, Congress approved the granting of the Congressional Gold Medal to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and associated units who served during World War II, and in 2012, all surviving members were made chevaliers of the French Légion d'Honneur for their actions contributing to the liberation of France and their heroic rescue of the Lost Battalion.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25072, 4972, 2235625, 40331925, 974151, 160188, 64507858, 15873865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 347, 359 ], [ 371, 388 ], [ 418, 445 ], [ 542, 557 ], [ 606, 630 ], [ 790, 806 ], [ 845, 865 ], [ 897, 911 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Arriving in the European Theatre, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, with its second and third infantry battalions, one artillery battalion and associated HQ and service companies, was attached to the 34th Infantry Division. On 11 June 1944, near Civitavecchia, Italy, the 100th Infantry Battalion, another all-Nisei fighting unit which had already been in combat since September 1943, was transferred from the 133rd Infantry Regiment to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Because of its combat record, the 100th was allowed to keep their original designation as the 100th Infantry Battalion. The related 522nd Field Artillery Battalion liberated at least one of the satellite labor camps of Dachau concentration camp and saved survivors of a death march near Waakirchen.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 145416, 1627427, 145418, 930592, 909809, 1974991, 34948704, 355852, 355852, 30863081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 103, 113 ], [ 119, 128 ], [ 169, 178 ], [ 200, 222 ], [ 246, 259 ], [ 272, 296 ], [ 410, 433 ], [ 635, 686 ], [ 690, 715 ], [ 720, 752 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd RCT was inactivated in 1946 and reactivated as a reserve battalion in 1947, garrisoned at Fort Shafter, Hawaii. The 442nd lives on through the 100th Battalion/442nd Infantry Regiment, and is the only current infantry formation in the Army Reserve. ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 810906, 1187028 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 100, 112 ], [ 244, 256 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "More information about the current 100th Battalion/442nd Infantry Regiment and its current alignment with the active 25th Infantry Division, the reserve 9th Mission Support Command, and its combat duty in the Vietnam War and the Iraq War can be found at 100th Infantry Battalion (United States).", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 444948, 21982081, 32611, 5043324, 1974991 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 117, 139 ], [ 153, 180 ], [ 209, 220 ], [ 229, 237 ], [ 254, 294 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 100th/442nd's current members carry on the honors and traditions of the historical unit. In recognition of its storied combat record, the 100th/442nd was also one of the last units allowed to use its individual shoulder sleeve insignia. In the interest of greater division unity, they officially relinquished their patch in 2016.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 2262866, 145415 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 215, 239 ], [ 268, 276 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Most Japanese Americans who fought in World War II were Nisei, born in the United States to immigrant parents. Shortly after the Imperial Japanese Navy's attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, Japanese-American men were initially categorized as 4C (enemy alien) and therefore not subject to the draft. On 19 February 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, authorizing military authorities.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 19262812, 60098, 29970114, 466454, 2785019, 5735, 24113, 10979, 9778 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 61 ], [ 129, 160 ], [ 164, 176 ], [ 234, 251 ], [ 253, 264 ], [ 295, 304 ], [ 327, 336 ], [ 337, 358 ], [ 366, 386 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 44000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 295, 311 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Although the order did not refer specifically to people of Japanese ancestry, it was targeted largely for the internment of people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast. In March 1942, Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt, head of the Western Defense Command and Fourth Army, issued the first of 108 military proclamations that resulted in the forced relocation from their residences to guarded concentration camps of more than 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast, the great majority of the ethnic community. Two-thirds were born in the United States.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 3820104, 4806973, 191537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 188, 206 ], [ 207, 221 ], [ 395, 414 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Hawaii, the military imposed martial law, complete with curfews and blackouts. As a large portion of the population was of Japanese ancestry (150,000 out of 400,000 people in 1937), internment was deemed not practical; it was strongly opposed by the island's business community, which was heavily dependent on the labor force of those of Japanese ancestry, unlike businesses on the mainland. There, business interests competed with those of Japanese Americans, and many bought up Japanese American properties that had to be surrendered. It was accurately believed that an internment of Japanese Americans and Japanese immigrants in Hawaii would have had catastrophic results for the Hawaiian economy; intelligence reports at the time noted that \"the Japanese, through a concentration of effort in select industries, had achieved essential roles in several key sectors of the economy in Hawaii.\" In addition, other reports indicated that those of Japanese descent in Hawaii \"had access to virtually all jobs in the economy, including high-status, high-paying jobs (e.g., professional and managerial jobs),\" suggesting that a mass internment of people of Japanese descent in Hawaii would have negatively impacted every sector of the Hawaiian economy. When the War Department called for the removal of all soldiers of Japanese ancestry from active service in early 1942, General Delos C. Emmons, commander of the U.S. Army in Hawaii, decided to discharge those in the Hawaii Territorial Guard, which was composed mainly of ROTC students from the University of Hawaii. However, he permitted the more than 1,300 Japanese-American soldiers of the 298th and 299th Infantry Regiment regiments of the Hawaii National Guard to remain in service. The discharged members of the Hawaii Territorial Guard petitioned General Emmons to allow them to assist in the war effort. The petition was granted and they formed a group called the Varsity Victory Volunteers, which performed various military construction jobs. General Emmons, worried about the loyalty of Japanese-American soldiers in the event of a Japanese invasion, recommended to the War Department that those in the 298th and 299th regiments be organized into a \"Hawaiian Provisional Battalion\" and sent to the mainland. The move was authorized, and on 5 June 1942, the Hawaiian Provisional Battalion set sail for training. They landed at Oakland, California on 10 June 1942 and two days later were sent to Camp McCoy, Wisconsin. On 15 June 1942, the battalion was designated the 100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)—the \"One Puka Puka\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 672360, 50477, 297681, 2965165, 779357, 43295748, 166843, 194710, 32329856, 37988, 25814636, 50548, 1367401, 33127, 1974991 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 9 ], [ 32, 43 ], [ 59, 65 ], [ 1371, 1378 ], [ 1379, 1394 ], [ 1468, 1492 ], [ 1523, 1527 ], [ 1546, 1566 ], [ 1654, 1677 ], [ 1702, 1716 ], [ 1923, 1949 ], [ 2387, 2406 ], [ 2455, 2465 ], [ 2467, 2476 ], [ 2528, 2563 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Partly because of the actions of the 100th and the Varsity Victory Volunteers, the War Department directed that a Japanese-American Combat Team should be activated comprising the 442d Infantry Regiment, the 522d Field Artillery Battalion (), and the 232d Engineer Combat Company ().", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The order dated 22 January 1943, directed, \"All cadre men must be American citizens of Japanese ancestry who have resided in the United States since birth\" and \"Officers of field grade and captains furnished under the provisions of subparagraphs a, b and c above, will be white American citizens. Other officers will be of Japanese ancestry insofar as practicable.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In accordance with those orders, the 442d Combat Team was activated 1 February 1943, by General Orders, Headquarters Third Army. Colonel Charles W. Pence took command, with Lieutenant Colonel Merritt B. Booth as executive officer. Lieutenant Colonel Keith K. Tatom commanded the 1st Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel James M. Hanley the 2d Battalion, and Lieutenant Colonel Sherwood Dixon the 3d Battalion. Lieutenant Colonel Baya M. Harrison commanded the 522d Field Artillery, and Captain Pershing Nakada commanded the 232d Engineers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Colonel Charles W. Pence, a World War I veteran and military science professor, commanded the regiment until he was wounded during the rescue of the \"Lost Battalion\" in October 1944. He was then replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Virgil R. Miller.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The US government required that all internees answer a loyalty questionnaire, which was used to register the Nisei for the draft. Question 27 of the questionnaire asked eligible males, \"Are you willing to serve in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty, wherever ordered?\" and question 28 asked, \"Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, or any other foreign government, power or organization?\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Nearly a quarter of the Nisei males answered with a no or a qualified answer to both questions in protest, resenting the implication they ever had allegiance to Japan; some left them blank. Qualified answers included those who said, yes, but criticized the internment of the Japanese or racism. Many who responded that way were imprisoned for evading the draft. Such refusal is the subject of the postwar novel No-No Boy. But more than 75% indicated that they were willing to enlist and swear allegiance to the U.S. The U.S. Army called for 1,500 volunteers from Hawaii and 3,000 from the mainland. An overwhelming 10,000 men from Hawaii volunteered. The announcement was met with less enthusiasm on the mainland, where most draft-age men of Japanese ancestry and their families were held in concentration camps. The Army revised the quota, calling for 2,900 men from Hawaii, and 1,500 from the mainland. Only 1,256 volunteered from the mainland during this initial call for volunteers. As a result, around 3,000 men from Hawaii and 800 men from the mainland were inducted.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [ 4618025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 411, 420 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Roosevelt announced the formation of the 442nd Infantry Regimental Combat Team, saying, \"Americanism is not, and never was, a matter of race or ancestry.\" Ultimately, the draft was instated to obtain more Japanese Americans from the mainland and these made up a large part of the 14,000 men who eventually served in the 442nd Regiment.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The 100th Infantry Battalion relocated to Camp Shelby in Mississippi. Eventually, the 100th was joined by 3,000 volunteers from Hawaii and 800 from the mainland concentration camps. As a regimental combat team (RCT), the 442nd RCT was a self-sufficient fighting formation of three infantry battalions (originally 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Battalions, 442nd Infantry, and later the 100th Infantry Battalion in place of the 1st), the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion, the 232nd Engineer Company, an anti-tank company, cannon company, service company, medical detachment, headquarters companies, and the 206th Army Band.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Training and organization", "target_page_ids": [ 1189490, 16949861, 4719977, 15068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 53 ], [ 57, 68 ], [ 187, 209 ], [ 281, 289 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Although they were permitted to volunteer to fight, Americans of Japanese ancestry were generally forbidden to fight in combat in the Pacific Theater. No such limitations were placed on Americans of German or Italian ancestry, who were assigned to units fighting against the Axis Powers in the European Theater. There were many more German and Italian Americans than Japanese Americans, and their political and economic power reduced the restrictions against them. Many men deemed proficient enough in the Japanese language were approached, or sometimes ordered, to join the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) to serve as translators/interpreters and spies in the Pacific, as well as in the China Burma India Theater. These men were sent to the MIS Language School at Camp Savage, Minnesota to develop their language skills and receive training in military intelligence. While the 442nd trained in Mississippi, the 100th departed for Oran in North Africa to join the forces destined to invade Italy.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Training and organization", "target_page_ids": [ 7285018, 43507, 342640, 15244029, 18630637, 899930, 904055, 4667710, 19590, 146678, 145335 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 134, 149 ], [ 275, 286 ], [ 294, 310 ], [ 575, 604 ], [ 623, 633 ], [ 635, 646 ], [ 692, 717 ], [ 769, 780 ], [ 782, 791 ], [ 849, 870 ], [ 935, 939 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd Combat Team, less its 1st Battalion, which had remained in the U.S. to train Nisei replacements after many of its members were levied as replacements for the 100th, sailed from Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 1 May 1944 and landed at Anzio on 28 May. The 442nd would join the 100th Battalion in Civitavecchia north of Rome on 11 June 1944, attached to the 34th Infantry Division. The 100th was placed under the command of the 442nd on 15 June 1944 but on 14 August 1944, the 100th Battalion was officially assigned to the 442nd as its 1st battalion, but was allowed to keep its unit designation in recognition of its distinguished fighting record. The 1st Battalion, 442nd Infantry at Camp Shelby was then redesignated the 171st Infantry Battalion (Separate) on 5 September 1944. The 100th Battalion's high casualty rate at Anzio and Monte Cassino earned it the unofficial nickname \"Purple Heart Battalion.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reunion with the 100th", "target_page_ids": [ 193371, 909809, 930592, 25072 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 187, 210 ], [ 301, 314 ], [ 362, 384 ], [ 889, 901 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The newly formed Nisei unit went into battle together on 26 June 1944 at the village of Belvedere in Suvereto, Tuscany. Although the 100th was attached to the 442nd, its actions earned it a separate Presidential Unit Citation. Second and Third Battalions were the first to engage the enemy, in a fierce firefight. F Company bore the worst fighting. A, B, and C Companies of the 100th were called into combat and advanced east using a covered route to reach the high ground northeast of Belvedere. The enemy did not know that the 100th was flanking the German exit, trapping them in Belvedere. C Company blocked the town's entrance while A Company blocked the exit. Meanwhile, the 442nd's 2nd Battalion was receiving a heavy barrage by the Germans from inside Belvedere, and the Germans remained unaware of their situation. B Company stayed on the high ground and conducted a surprise attack on the German battalion's exposed east flank, forcing the Germans to flee and run into C Company, which then drove the Germans to A Company.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "First contact", "target_page_ids": [ 6737081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 109 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd, along with its first battalion, the 100th, kept driving the enemy north, engaging in multiple skirmishes until they had passed Sassetta. The battle of Belvedere showed that the 442nd could hold their own and showed them the kind of fighting the 100th Battalion had gone through in the prior months. After only a few days of rest, the united 442nd again entered into combat on 1 July, taking Cecina and moving towards the Arno River. On 2 July, as the 442nd approached the Arno, 5th Battalion engaged in a hard-fought battle to take Hill 140, while on 7 July the 100th fought for the town of Castellina Marittima.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "First contact", "target_page_ids": [ 6737066, 6736948, 3240, 6737215 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 138, 146 ], [ 402, 408 ], [ 432, 442 ], [ 602, 622 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For the first three weeks of July, the 442nd and its 1st Battalion, the 100th, were constantly attacking German forces, leading to 1,100 enemy killed and 331 captured.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Hill 140 and Castellina", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Hill 140 was the main line of enemy resistance. A single German battalion held the hill and, along with the help of artillery, had completely wiped out a machine-gun squad of L Company of the 3rd Battalion and G Company of 2nd Battalion except for its commander. A constant artillery barrage was launched against the 2nd and 3rd Battalions as they dug in at the hill's base. The 442nd gained very little ground in the coming days only improving their position slightly. The 232nd Engineers aided the 442nd by defusing landmines that lay in the 442nd's path. The entire 34th Division front encountered heavy resistance. \"All along the 34th Infantry Division Front the Germans held more doggedly than at any time since the breakthrough at Cassino and Anzio.\" Hill 140 had been dubbed \"Little Cassino\" as the resistance by the Germans was so fierce. \"Hill 140, when the medics were just overrun with all the casualties; casualties you couldn't think to talk about.\" The 2nd Battalion moved to the eastern front of Hill 140 and 3rd Battalion moved to the western front, both converging on the German flanks. It wasn't until 7 July, when the last German resistance was overcome, that the hill came under the 34th Division's control.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Hill 140 and Castellina", "target_page_ids": [ 930592, 37785, 200383 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 634, 656 ], [ 737, 744 ], [ 749, 754 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On the day Hill 140 fell, the battle for the town of Castellina Marittima began. The 100th began its assault on the northwestern side of the town taking the high ground. Just before dawn, 2nd Platoon C Company moved into town, encountering heavy resistance and multiple counterattacks by German forces but held them off. In the meantime Company B moved north into Castellina, encountering heavy resistance as well. First they helped defend 2nd and 3rd Battalions in the taking of Hill 140. Then with the help of the 522nd Field Artillery, they lay down a heavy barrage and forced the Germans to retreat by 1800 hours on 7 July. The 100th dug in and waited for relief to arrive after spending an entire day securing the town.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Hill 140 and Castellina", "target_page_ids": [ 6737215 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Until 25 July, the 442nd encountered heavy resistance from each town when they reached the Arno River, ending the Rome-Arno Campaign. The 100/442 suffered casualties of 1,272 men (17 missing, 44 non-combat injuries, 972 wounded, and 239 killed) in the process, a distance of only . They rested from 25 July to 15 August, when the 442nd moved to patrol the Arno. Crossing the Arno on 31 August was relatively uneventful, as they were guarding the north side of the river in order for bridges to be built. On 11 September the 442nd was detached from the Fifth Army and then attached to the 36th Infantry Division of the Seventh Army.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Hill 140 and Castellina", "target_page_ids": [ 12254343, 200871, 35991441 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 552, 562 ], [ 588, 610 ], [ 618, 630 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 15 July the Antitank Company was pulled from the frontlines and placed with the 517th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 1st Airborne Task Force. They had trained at an airfield south of Rome to prepare for the invasion of Southern France which took place on 15 August, landing near Le Muy, France. They trained for a few weeks to get used to, prepare, properly load, and fly gliders. These gliders were long and high, and could hold a jeep and a trailer filled with ammunition, or a British six-pounder antitank gun. The Southern France Campaign, 15 August to 14 September, led the 442nd to its second Presidential Unit Citation for invading in gliders and the Combat Infantryman Badge for fighting with the infantrymen of the 7th Army. The soldiers of Antitank Company received the Glider Badge. After many rough landings by the gliders, hitting trees or enemy flak, they held their positions for a few days until relieved by Allied troops coming in by sea. For the next two months the Antitank Company guarded the exposed right flank of the Seventh Army and protected the 517th Parachute Infantry. The unit also cleared mines, captured Germans, and guarded roads and tunnels. In mid-to-late October, the Antitank Company rejoined the 442nd during the battle to find the \"Lost Battalion.\"", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Antitank Company", "target_page_ids": [ 2196616, 11471923, 252167, 10257408, 12261319, 4272389, 1834136, 765126, 945364, 146640, 15873865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 116 ], [ 118, 141 ], [ 204, 235 ], [ 280, 286 ], [ 373, 380 ], [ 435, 439 ], [ 483, 515 ], [ 661, 685 ], [ 783, 795 ], [ 862, 866 ], [ 1273, 1287 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After leaving Naples, the 442nd landed in Marseille on 30 September and for the next few weeks they traveled through the Rhone Valley, by walking and by boxcar, until 13 October. On 14 October 1944 the 442nd began moving into position in the late afternoon preparing the assault on Hills A, B, C, and D of Bruyères. Each hill was heavily guarded, as each hill was key in order to take and secure the city. Hill A was located Northwest of Bruyères, Hill B to the North, Hill C Northeast, and Hill D to the East. The 442nd had experienced mainly prairie in Italy, but the Vosges Mountains provided a very different terrain. The unit faced dense fog, mud, heavy rain, large trees, hills, and heavy enemy gunfire and artillery while moving through the Vosges. Hitler had ordered the German frontline to fight at all costs as this was the last barrier between the Allied forces and Germany. On 15 October 1944 the 442nd began its attack on Bruyères. The 100th Battalion moved on Hill A, which was held by the SS Polizei Regiment 19, as 2nd Battalion moved in on Hill B. Third Battalion was left to take Bruyères.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Vosges Mountains", "target_page_ids": [ 55880, 40888948, 80790, 336679, 5721226, 220808 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 20 ], [ 42, 51 ], [ 122, 127 ], [ 154, 160 ], [ 307, 315 ], [ 571, 587 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After heavy fighting dealing with enemy machine guns and snipers and a continuous artillery barrage placed onto the Germans, the 100th Battalion was eventually able to take Hill A by 3 a.m. on 18 October. 2nd Battalion took Hill B in a similar fashion only hours later. Once Hill A and B were secured, 3rd Battalion along with the 36th Infantry's 142nd Regiment began its assault from the south. After the 232nd broke through the concrete barriers around town hall of Bruyères, the 442nd captured 134 Wehrmacht members including Poles, Yugoslavs, Somalis, East Indians of the Regiment \"Freies Indien\", 2nd and 3rd Company of Fusilier Battalion 198, Grenadier Regiment 736, and Panzer Grenadier Regiment 192. After three days of fighting Bruyères fell but was not yet secured. Germans on Hill C and D used that high-ground to launch artillery barrages on the town; Hills C and D needed to be taken to secure Bruyères.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Vosges Mountains", "target_page_ids": [ 21376046, 6596606 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 501, 510 ], [ 586, 599 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd initially took Hills C and D but did not secure them and they fell back into German hands. By noon of 19 October, Hill D was taken by 2nd and 3rd Battalions, who then were ordered to take a railroad embankment leaving Hill D unsecure. As the 100th began moving on Hill C on 20 October, German forces retook Hill D during the night. The 100th Battalion was ordered back to Bruyères into reserve, allowing a German force onto Hill C, surprising another American division arriving into position. Retaking Hill C cost another 100 casualties. Hill D fell back into Allied hands after a short time, finally securing the town. The 232nd Engineers had to dismantle roadblocks, clear away trees and clear mine fields all in the midst of the battle. The 100th rested, then was called to the battle for Biffontaine.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Vosges Mountains", "target_page_ids": [ 5721028 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 802, 813 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 100th was ordered to take the high-ground but was eventually ordered to move into the town, leading to a bitter fight after the 100th were encircled by German forces: cut off from the 442nd, outside radio contact, and outside artillery support. The 100th were in constant battle from 22 October until dusk of 23 October, engaging in house to house fighting and defending against multiple counterattacks. 3rd Battalion of the 442nd reached the 100th and helped drive out the remaining German forces, handing Biffontaine to the 36th. On 24 October the 143rd Infantry of the 36th Division relieved the 100th and 3rd Battalion who were sent to Belmont, another small town to the north, for some short-lived rest. Nine days of constant fighting continued as they were then ordered to save T-Patchers, the 141st Regiment of the 36th Infantry, the \"Lost Battalion.\"", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Vosges Mountains", "target_page_ids": [ 22269858 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 804, 818 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After less than two days in reserve, the 442nd was ordered to attempt the rescue of the \"Lost Battalion\" two miles east of Biffontaine. On 23 October Colonel Lundquist's 141st Regiment, soon to be known as the \"Alamo\" Regiment, began its attack on the German line that ran from Rambervillers to Biffontaine. Tuesday morning, 24 October, the left flank of the 141st, commanded by Technical Sergeant Charles H. Coolidge, ran into heavy action, fending off numerous German attacks throughout the days of 25 and 26 October. The right flank command post was overrun and 275 men of Lieutenant Colonel William Bird's 1st Battalion Companies A, B, C, and a platoon from Company D were cut off behind enemy lines. The \"Lost Battalion\" was cut off by German troops and was forced to dig in until help arrived. It was nearly a week before they saw friendly soldiers.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Lost Battalion", "target_page_ids": [ 15873865, 7016897 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 89, 103 ], [ 398, 417 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "At 4 a.m. on Friday 27 October, General John E. Dahlquist ordered the 442nd to move out and rescue the cut-off battalion. The 442nd had the support of the 522nd and 133rd Field Artillery units but at first made little headway against German General Richter's infantry and artillery front line. For the next few days the 442nd engaged in the heaviest fighting it had seen in the war, as the elements combined with the Germans to slow their advance. Dense fog and very dark nights prevented the men from seeing even twenty feet. Many men had to hang onto the man in front of him just to know where to go. Rainfall, snow, cold, mud, fatigue, trench foot, and even exploding trees plagued them as they moved deeper into the Vosges and closer to the German frontlines. The 141st continued fighting—in all directions.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Lost Battalion", "target_page_ids": [ 12212831, 9241790 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 57 ], [ 639, 650 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Airdrops with ammo and food for the 141st were called off by dense fog or landed in German hands. Many Germans did not know that they had cut off an American unit. \"We didn't know that we had surrounded the Americans until they were being supplied by air. One of the supply containers, dropped by parachute, landed near us. The packages were divided up amongst us.\" Only on 29 October was the 442nd told why they were being forced to attack the German front lines so intensely.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Lost Battalion", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The fighting was intense for the Germans as well. Gebirgsjäger Battalion 202 from Salzburg was cut off from Gebirgsjager Battalion 201 from Garmisch. Both sides eventually rescued their cut-off battalions.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Lost Battalion", "target_page_ids": [ 40335, 412433 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 82, 90 ], [ 140, 148 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As the men of the 442nd went deeper and deeper they became more hesitant, until reaching the point where they would not move from behind a tree or come out of a foxhole. However, this all changed in an instant. The men of Companies I and K of 3rd Battalion had their backs against the wall, but as each one saw another rise to attack, then another also rose. Then every Nisei charged the Germans screaming, and many screaming \"Banzai!\" Through gunfire, artillery shells, and fragments from trees, and Nisei going down one after another, they charged.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Lost Battalion", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Colonel Rolin's grenadiers put up a desperate fight, but nothing could stop the Nisei rushing up the steep slopes, shouting, firing from the hip, and lobbing hand grenades into dugouts. Finally the German defenses broke and the surviving grenadiers fled in disarray. That afternoon the American aid stations were crowded with casualties. The 2nd platoon of Company I had only two men left, and the 1st platoon was down to twenty.\" On the afternoon of 30 October, 3rd Battalion broke through and reached the 141st, rescuing 211 T-Patchers at the cost of 800 men in five days. However, the fighting continued for the 442nd as they moved past the 141st. The drive continued until they reached Saint-Die on 17 November when they were finally pulled back. The 100th fielded 1,432 men a year earlier, but was now down to 239 infantrymen and 21 officers. Second Battalion was down to 316 riflemen and 17 officers, while not a single company in 3rd Battalion had over 100 riflemen; the entire 100th/442nd Regimental Combat Team was down to less than 800 soldiers. Earlier (on 13 October) when attached to the 36th Infantry, the unit was at 2,943 riflemen and officers, thus in only three weeks 140 were killed and a further 1,800 had been wounded, while 43 were missing.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Lost Battalion", "target_page_ids": [ 1138774 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 690, 699 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As the division commander, General Dahlquist's utilization of the 442nd received mixed reviews, chiefly from the unit's officers who believed that Dahlquist considered their Nisei soldiers to be expendable cannon fodder. Despite examples of ostensibly courageous behavior, his decisions were undermined by the failure to tally victories without considerable costs. A particular example was when his aide Lieutenant Wells Lewis, the eldest son of novelist Sinclair Lewis, was killed while Dahlquist was issuing orders standing in the open during a battle. When Dahlquist ordered the 442nd to take Biffontaine, it was despite the sparsely populated farming town being militarily insignificant, out of the range of artillery and radio contact. In another example, Lieutenant Allan M. Ohata was ordered to charge with his men up a hill toward the enemy, who were dug in and well supplied. Ohata considered the order a certain suicide mission. Despite the threat of court-martial and demotion he refused, insisting that the men would be better off attacking the position \"their own way.\" Lt. Ohata's Distinguished Service Cross, for his actions in Italy as a Staff Sergeant, was ultimately upgraded to the Medal of Honor.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "General Dahlquist's legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 19262812, 615914, 50714, 5721028, 11532511, 58625, 482915, 288434 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 174, 179 ], [ 206, 219 ], [ 455, 469 ], [ 596, 607 ], [ 772, 786 ], [ 961, 974 ], [ 1095, 1122 ], [ 1154, 1168 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 12 November, General Dahlquist ordered the entire 442nd to stand in formation for a recognition and award ceremony. Of the 400 men originally assigned, only eighteen surviving members of K Company and eight of I Company turned out. Upon reviewing the meager assemblage Dahlquist became irritated, ignorant of the sacrifices that the unit had made in serving his orders. He demanded of Colonel Virgil R. Miller, \"I want all your men to stand for this formation.\" Miller responded simply, \"That's all of K company left, sir.\"", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "General Dahlquist's legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 13701740 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 396, 412 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Some time later, while the former commander of the 1st Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Gordon Singles was filling the role of brigadier general at Fort Bragg (North Carolina), General Dahlquist arrived as part of a review. When he recognized Colonel Singles he approached him and offered the colonel his hand saying, \"Let bygones be bygones. It's all water under the bridge, isn't it?\" In the presence of the entire III Corps, Colonel Singles continued to salute General Dahlquist but refused to take Dahlquist's hand.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "General Dahlquist's legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "During and after the war, the 442nd was repeatedly commemorated for their efforts in the Vosges Mountains. A commissioned painting now hangs in The Pentagon depicting their fight to reach the \"Lost Battalion.\" A memorial was erected in Biffontaine by Gerard Henry, later the town's mayor. A monument was established in Bruyeres to mark the liberation of that city. At first a narrow road led to the monument, but the road was later widened to accommodate four tour buses and is now named \"The Avenue of the 442nd Infantry Regiment\" in honor of those brave soldiers.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "General Dahlquist's legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 20740978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 144, 156 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Following the tough battle through the Vosges Mountains, the 442nd was sent to the Maritime Alps and the French Riviera. It was an easy assignment compared to what they had experienced in October. Little to no action occurred in the next four months as they rested. The 442nd guarded and patrolled a twelve to fourteen-mile front line segment of the French-Italian border. This part of the 442nd's journey gained the name \"Champagne Campaign\" because of the available wine, women, and merry times. The 442nd experienced additional losses as patrols sometimes ran into enemy patrols, or sometimes soldiers stepped on enemy and allied land mines. Occasionally, soldiers of the 442nd captured spies and saboteurs.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Champagne Campaign", "target_page_ids": [ 55206, 266388, 18172 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 96 ], [ 105, 119 ], [ 633, 642 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd also captured an enemy submarine. A Nisei soldier noticed what looked like an animal in the water but upon closer look it was actually a one-man German midget submarine. The German and the submarine were captured and handed over to the U.S. Navy. On 23 March 1945, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team sailed back to Italy and returned to the Gothic Line.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Champagne Campaign", "target_page_ids": [ 612372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 155, 178 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "From 20 to 22 March, the 442 and the 232 shipped off to Italy from France but the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion was sent to another part of Europe. They traveled northwards some through the Rhone Valley and stopped at Kleinblittersdorf on the east bank of the Saar River. The 522nd aided the 63rd Division on the Siegfried Line defenses south of St. Ingbert from 12 to 21 March. The 522nd became a roving battalion, supporting nearly two dozen army units along the front traveling a total of across Germany and accomplishing every objective of their fifty-two assignments. The 522nd was the only Nisei unit to fight in Germany. On 29 April scouts of the 522nd located a satellite camp of the infamous Dachau concentration camp next to the small Bavarian town of Lager Lechfeld, adjacent to Hurlach. Scouts from the 522nd were among the first Allied troops to release prisoners from the Kaufering IV Hurlach satellite camp, one of nearly 170 such camps, where more than 3,000 prisoners were held.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "522nd Field Artillery Battalion", "target_page_ids": [ 80790, 4404346, 1017026, 923970, 332718, 3926144, 10181078, 355852 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 193, 205 ], [ 221, 238 ], [ 263, 273 ], [ 295, 308 ], [ 316, 330 ], [ 349, 360 ], [ 672, 688 ], [ 705, 730 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As we came around the way, there were a lot of Jewish inmates coming out of the camp, and I heard that the gate was opened by our advanced scouts. They took a rifle and shot it. I think it was a fellow from Hawaii that did that. I think it was a Captain Taylor, Company B was one of them, but another person from Hawaii, he passed away. They opened the gate and all these German, I mean, Jewish victims were coming out of the camp.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "522nd Field Artillery Battalion", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Then, when we finally opened the Dachau camp, got in, oh those people were so afraid of us, I guess. You could see the fear in their face. But eventually, they realized that we were there to liberate them and help them.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "522nd Field Artillery Battalion", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "They were all just skin and bones, sunken eyes. I think they were more dead than they were alive because they hadn't eaten so much because, I think, just before we got there the S.S. people had all pulled back up and they were gone. But, we went there, and outside of the camps there were a lot of railroad cars there that had bodies in them. I had the opportunity to go into the camp there, but you could smell the stench. The people were dead and piled up in the buildings, and it was just unbelievable that the Germans could do that to the Jewish people. I really didn't think it was possible at all actually.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "522nd Field Artillery Battalion", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The only thing the Nisei could really do was give them clothing and keep them warm. Nisei soldiers began to give the Jewish inmates food from their rations but were ordered to stop because the food could overwhelm the digestive systems of the starved inmates and kill them. As they continued past the subcamp, by 2 May they discovered the eastward path along which Jewish inmates were approaching Waakirchen, as the concentration camp survivors had been driven on a death march to another camp from Dachau starting there on 24 April, headed south through Eurasburg, then eastwards for a total distance of nearly sixty kilometers (37 miles), originally numbering some 15,000 prisoners.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "522nd Field Artillery Battalion", "target_page_ids": [ 10189748, 30863081, 355852, 1668644 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 397, 407 ], [ 464, 477 ], [ 499, 505 ], [ 555, 564 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "No, my first encounter was these lumps in snow, and then I didn't know what they were, and so I went and investigated them and discovered that they were people, you know. Most of them were skeletons or people who had been beaten to death or just died of starvation or overworked or whatever. Most of them I think died from exposure because it was cold.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "522nd Field Artillery Battalion", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "They discovered more subcamps and former inmates wandering the countryside. Following the German surrender, from May to November, the 522nd was assigned to security around Donauwörth, which consisted of setting up roadblocks and sentry posts to apprehend Nazis who were trying to disappear. The 522nd returned to the United States in November 1945. A memorial to the rescue by the 522nd on 2 May 1945, exists at , just under two kilometers west of the Waakirchen town centre.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "522nd Field Artillery Battalion", "target_page_ids": [ 1373357, 1219563 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 90, 106 ], [ 172, 182 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 23 March 1945 the 100/442 shipped out from Marseille and traveled to Leghorn, Italy, attached to the 92nd Division. The Fifth Army had been stalemated at the Gothic Line for the prior five months. The 442nd faced extremely tough terrain, where the saw-toothed Apennines rose up from the Ligurian Sea. Starting from the northeast, the peaks hugged the east coast of Italy and stretched diagonally southward across the Italian boot. To the west, on the other side of the mountains, was the wide flat Po River Valley that led to the Austrian Alps—the last barrier to Germany. For nine months German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring directed the construction of the Gothic Line along the top of the Apennines. The Todt Organization (known for its fortifications at Monte Cassino) used 15,000 Italian slave laborers. They drilled into solid rock to make gun pits and trenches, which they reinforced with concrete. They built 2,376 machine gun nests with interlocking fire.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Gothic Line", "target_page_ids": [ 40888948, 246305, 522777, 200366, 1226281, 40126791, 1185126, 200385, 200886 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 55 ], [ 72, 79 ], [ 161, 172 ], [ 263, 272 ], [ 290, 302 ], [ 501, 509 ], [ 533, 546 ], [ 613, 630 ], [ 712, 729 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On the Italian Front, the 442nd had contact with the only segregated African-American active combat unit of the U.S. Army in Europe, the 92nd Infantry Division, as well as troops of the British and French colonial empires (West and East Africans, Moroccans, Algerians, Indians, Gurkhas, Jews from the Palestine mandate) and the non-segregated Brazilian Expeditionary Force which had in its ranks ethnic Japanese.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Gothic Line", "target_page_ids": [ 493696, 910429, 455127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 20 ], [ 137, 159 ], [ 343, 372 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "General Mark W. Clark welcomed the 442 and presented his plan to break the Gothic Line. General Clark had a disagreement with Supreme Commander Eisenhower. Clark had to negotiate for the return of the 100th and 442nd because Eisenhower wanted them for the Battle of the Bulge and General Devers, commander of the Sixth Army Group, needed fresh troops. General Clark got his wish. The 442nd and 100th, minus the 522nd, along with the 92nd Division, mounted a surprise diversionary attack on the left flank. They intended to shift enemy attention to it from the interior, allowing the Eighth Army to cross the Senio River on the right flank and then the Fifth Army on the left.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Gothic Line", "target_page_ids": [ 363329, 8182, 57998, 1248500, 462221, 8139402 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 21 ], [ 144, 154 ], [ 256, 275 ], [ 280, 294 ], [ 583, 594 ], [ 608, 619 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In front of the 442nd lay mountains code-named Georgia, Florida, Ohio 1, Ohio 2, Ohio 3, Monte Cerreta, Monte Folgorito, Monte Belvedere, Monte Carchio, and Monte Altissimo. These objectives hinged on surprising the Germans. The 100th went after Georgia Hill and the 3rd Battalion attacked Mount Folgorita. On 3 April the 442nd moved into position under the cover of nightfall to hide from the Germans who had good sight lines from their location on the mountains. The next day the 442nd waited. At 0500 the following morning they were ready to strike. A little over 30 minutes later objectives Georgia and Mount Folgorita were taken, cracking the Gothic Line. They achieved surprise and forced the enemy to retreat. After counterattacking, the Germans were defeated. During this time, 2nd Battalion was moving into position at Mount Belvedere, which overlooked Massa and the Frigido River.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Gothic Line", "target_page_ids": [ 5446471, 21335060 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 862, 867 ], [ 876, 883 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd made a continuous push against the German Army and objectives began to fall: Ohio 1, 2, and 3, Mount Belvedere on 6 April by 2nd Battalion, Montignoso 8 April by 3rd Battalion, Mount Brugiana on 11 April by 2nd Battalion, Carrara by 3rd Battalion on 11 April, and Ortonovo by the 100th on 15 April. The 442 turned a surprise diversionary attack into an all-out offensive. The advance came so quickly that supply units had a hard time keeping up.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Gothic Line", "target_page_ids": [ 6735905, 6700080 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 150, 160 ], [ 274, 282 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Nisei drove so hard that beginning on 17 April the Germans decided to destroy their fortifications and pull back to make a final stand at Aulla. The last German defense in Italy was Monte Nebbione, directly south of Aulla. San Terenzo lay East of Mount Nobbione and became the launching point for the Aulla assault. The final drive of the 442nd began on 19 April and lasted until 23 April, when the 3rd Battalion finally took Mount Nebbione and Mount Carbolo. Following the fall of San Terenzo, 2nd Battalion hooked right around the mountains and Task Force Fukuda (consisting of Companies B and F from 2nd Battalion) flanked left from Mount Carbolo creating a pincer move onto Aulla. On 25 April Aulla fell and the German retreat was cut off. In the days that followed, Germans began to surrender in the hundreds and thousands to the Fifth and Eighth Armies. This was 442nd's final World War II action. On 2 May the war ended in Italy followed six days later by Victory in Europe.", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Gothic Line", "target_page_ids": [ 6248151, 215257 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 142, 147 ], [ 967, 984 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 100th/442nd Regimental Combat Team is the most decorated unit for its size and length of service in the history of American warfare. The 4,000 men who initially came in April 1943 had to be replaced nearly 2.5 times. In total, about 14,000 men served. The unit was awarded eight Presidential Unit Citations (5 earned in one month). Twenty-one of its members were awarded Medals of Honor. Members of the 442nd received 18,143 awards in less than two years, including:", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 2235625, 40331925 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 283, 309 ], [ 375, 390 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "21 Medals of Honor (the first awarded posthumously to Private First Class Sadao Munemori, Company A, 100th Battalion, for action near Seravezza, Italy, on 5 April 1945; 19 upgraded from other awards in June 2000). Recipients include:", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 40331925, 60044, 1222806 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 18 ], [ 74, 88 ], [ 134, 150 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Barney F. Hajiro", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 13023340 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Mikio Hasemoto", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 11528832 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Joe Hayashi", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 15500670 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shizuya Hayashi", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 11558400 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Daniel K. Inouye", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 382573 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Yeiki Kobashigawa", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 13883890 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Robert T. Kuroda", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 15347575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kaoru Moto", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 14578327 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sadao Munemori", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 60044 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kiyoshi K. Muranaga", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 14460766 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Masato Nakae", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 12864578 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shinyei Nakamine", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 11642681 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "William K. Nakamura", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 14443243 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Joe M. Nishimoto", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 6818671 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Allan M. Ohata", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 11532511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "James K. Okubo", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 14334386 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Yukio Okutsu", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 14321142 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Frank H. Ono", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 14267349 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kazuo Otani", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 14236491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "George T. Sakato", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 13115972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ted T. Tanouye", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 13556948 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "52 Distinguished Service Cross (including 19 Distinguished Service Crosses which were upgraded to Medals of Honor in June 2000)", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 482915 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1 Distinguished Service Medal", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 9119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 2, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "560 Silver Stars (plus 28 Oak Leaf Clusters for a second award)", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 29539, 795554 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 15 ], [ 26, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "22 Legion of Merit Medals", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 18691 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "15 Soldier's Medals", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 530956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "4,000 Bronze Stars (plus 1,200 Oak Leaf Clusters for a second award; one Bronze Star was upgraded to a Medal of Honor in June 2000. One Bronze Star was upgraded to a Silver Star in September 2009.)", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 4972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "More than 4,000 Purple Hearts", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1962 Governor John Connally of Texas made the members of the 442nd RCT honorary Texans in appreciation of their rescue of the Lost Battalion of the Texas National Guard in the Vosges in 1944.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 300265, 15873865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 30 ], [ 129, 143 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 5 October 2010, Congress approved the granting of the Congressional Gold Medal to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, the 100th Infantry Battalion, and Nisei serving in the Military Intelligence Service. The Nisei Soldiers of World War II Congressional Gold Medal was collectively presented on 2 November 2011.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 974151, 45362398 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 81 ], [ 209, 264 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2012, the surviving members of the 442nd RCT were made chevaliers of the French Légion d'Honneur for their actions contributing to the liberation of France during World War II and their heroic rescue of the Lost Battalion outside of Biffontaine.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 160188, 64507858, 32927, 15873865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 99 ], [ 138, 158 ], [ 166, 178 ], [ 210, 224 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "5 April is celebrated as National \"Go For Broke Day\", in honor of the 442nd's first Medal of Honor recipient, Pfc. Sadao Munemori, killed in action near Seravezza, Italy on 5 April 1945.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 40331925, 60044 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 84, 98 ], [ 115, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II in Washington, D.C. is a National Park Service site honoring Japanese American veterans who served in the Military Intelligence Service, 100th Infantry Battalion, 442nd RCT, and other units, as well as the patriotism and endurance of those held in Japanese American concentration camps and detention centers.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 5261175, 108956, 161535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 64 ], [ 68, 84 ], [ 90, 111 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Go for Broke Monument in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, California, commemorates the Japanese Americans who served in the United States Army during World War II.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 5149749, 18110 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 25 ], [ 43, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "California has given four state highway segments honorary designations for Japanese American soldiers:", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 5407, 19477504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ], [ 75, 92 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "State Route 23 between U.S. Route 101 and State Route 118 is named the Military Intelligence Memorial Freeway;", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 1241263, 3868301, 1241161, 1241263 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 23, 37 ], [ 42, 57 ], [ 71, 109 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "State Route 99 between Fresno and Madera is named the 100th Infantry Battalion Memorial Highway;", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 758230, 92413, 107710, 758230 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 23, 29 ], [ 34, 40 ], [ 54, 95 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "State Route 99 between Salida and Manteca is named the 442nd Regimental Combat Team Memorial Highway;", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 758230, 108265, 108079, 758230 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 23, 29 ], [ 34, 41 ], [ 55, 100 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The interchange between the I-105 and I-405 freeways in Los Angeles is labeled the Sadao S. Munemori Memorial Interchange.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 468624, 467419, 18110 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 33 ], [ 38, 43 ], [ 56, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The USS Hornet Museum in Alameda, California, has a permanent special exhibit honoring the 442nd Infantry Regiment.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [ 12920293 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On November 17, 2020, the United States Postal Service (USPS) announced they would release in 2021 a postage stamp honoring the contributions of Japanese American soldiers, 33,000 altogether, who served in the U.S. Army during World War II, following a multi-year nationwide campaign. The \"stamp our story\" campaign started in 2006.", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "Service decorations and legacy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Original fight song of the 442nd RCT Hawai'i Go For Broke Lyrics by Martin Kida -KIA, Score by T.Y.—", "section_idx": 14, "section_name": "Original Fight Song", "target_page_ids": [ 368513 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 81, 84 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The record of the Japanese Americans serving in the 442nd and in the Military Intelligence Service (U.S. Pacific Theater forces in World War II) helped change the minds of anti-Japanese American critics in the continental U.S. and resulted in easing of restrictions and the eventual release of the 120,000-strong community well before the end of World War II. In Hawaii, the veterans were welcomed home as heroes by a grateful community that had supported them through those trying times.", "section_idx": 15, "section_name": "After the war", "target_page_ids": [ 1880615 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 339, 358 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "However, the unit's exemplary service and many decorations did not change the attitudes of the general population in the continental U.S. towards people of Japanese ancestry after World War II. Veterans were welcomed home by signs that read \"No Japs Allowed\" and \"No Japs Wanted\", denied service in shops and restaurants, and had their homes and property vandalized.", "section_idx": 15, "section_name": "After the war", "target_page_ids": [ 330979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 245, 248 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 15 July 1946, the 442nd Regiment marched down Constitution Avenue to the Ellipse south of the White House. President Truman gave a speech and honored the regiment by awarding them the Presidential Unit Citation. The American Legion refused to allow Nisei veterans into their group and removed Japanese-American soldiers from their honor rolls. It was not until Caucasian officers from the 442nd regiment intervened that the Legion began to accept Nisei veterans into the organization. Many Nisei veterans had difficulty finding houses in the continental United States. Their homes were occupied with new tenants. Due to the housing shortage, many Nisei veterans resorted to using federal housing programs. Many Nisei veterans used the G.I. Bill as an opportunity to attend university. Many Nisei became doctors, dentists, architects, scientists, and engineers.", "section_idx": 15, "section_name": "After the war", "target_page_ids": [ 305976, 55850 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 219, 234 ], [ 738, 747 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Anti-Japanese sentiment remained strong into the 1960s, but faded along with other once-common prejudices, even while remaining strong in certain circles. Conversely, the story of the 442nd provided a leading example of what was to become the controversial model minority stereotype.", "section_idx": 15, "section_name": "After the war", "target_page_ids": [ 735854, 18956166 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 257, 271 ], [ 272, 282 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "According to author and historian Tom Coffman, men of the 100th/442nd/MIS dreaded returning home as second-class citizens. In Hawaii these men became involved in a peaceful movement. It has been described as the 100th/442nd returning from the battles in Europe to the battle at home. The non-violent revolution was successful and put veterans in public office in what became known as the Revolution of 1954.", "section_idx": 15, "section_name": "After the war", "target_page_ids": [ 3083164, 19698044, 1826782, 24373365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 100, 121 ], [ 164, 181 ], [ 288, 310 ], [ 388, 406 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "One notable effect of the service of the Japanese-American units was to help convince Congress to end its opposition towards Hawaii's statehood petition. Twice before 1959, residents of Hawaii asked to be admitted to the U.S. as the 49th state. The exemplary record of the Japanese Americans serving in these units and the loyalty showed by the rest of Hawaii's population during World War II allowed Hawaii to be admitted as the 50th state (Alaska was granted statehood just prior).", "section_idx": 15, "section_name": "After the war", "target_page_ids": [ 624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 442, 448 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In post-war American popular slang, the phrase \"going for broke\" was adopted from the 442nd's unit motto \"Go for Broke\", which according to the 1951 film Go for Broke! was derived from the Hawaiian pidgin phrase used by craps shooters risking all their money on one roll of the dice.", "section_idx": 15, "section_name": "After the war", "target_page_ids": [ 4008941, 27181, 1963987, 503857 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 11 ], [ 29, 34 ], [ 154, 167 ], [ 189, 204 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd RCT was inactivated in Honolulu in 1946, but reactivated in 1947 in the U.S. Army Reserve. It was mobilized in 1968 to refill the Strategic Reserve during the Vietnam War, and carries on the honors and traditions of the unit. Today, the 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry, is the only ground combat unit of the Army Reserve. The battalion headquarters is at Fort Shafter, Hawaii, with subordinate units based in Hilo, American Samoa, Saipan, and Guam. The only military presence in American Samoa consists of the battalion's B and C companies.", "section_idx": 16, "section_name": "Demobilization and rebirth", "target_page_ids": [ 1187028, 13621939, 32611, 1974991, 810906, 110467, 20611195, 200221, 11974, 20611195 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 82, 99 ], [ 140, 157 ], [ 169, 180 ], [ 247, 278 ], [ 365, 377 ], [ 419, 423 ], [ 425, 439 ], [ 441, 447 ], [ 453, 457 ], [ 489, 503 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In August 2004, the battalion was mobilized for duty in Iraq. Stationed at Logistics Support Area Anaconda in the city of Balad, which is located about 50 miles northwest of Baghdad. Lt. Colonel Colbert Low assumed command of the battalion only a few weeks after the battalion arrived at Logistical Support Area Anaconda. In early 2006, the 100th had returned home. One soldier was killed by an improvised explosive device attack. Four members of the battalion were killed in action, and several dozen injured, before the battalion returned home. During the year-long deployment, one of Charlie Company's attached platoons, discovered over 50 weapons caches. Unlike the soldiers of World War II who were predominantly Japanese Americans, these soldiers came from as far away as Miami, Florida, Tennessee, Alaska and included soldiers from Hawaii, Philippines, Samoa and Palau. For their actions in Iraq the unit received the Meritorious Unit Commendation.", "section_idx": 16, "section_name": "Demobilization and rebirth", "target_page_ids": [ 5207196, 4492, 265112, 518784 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 106 ], [ 174, 181 ], [ 395, 422 ], [ 925, 954 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The unit was once again deployed in 2009. The unit was called up alongside the 3rd brigade, 25th Infantry Division; and was assigned as an element of the 29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Nominally deployed to Kuwait, it conducted patrols into Iraq, leading to two fatalities; those patrols consisted of more than a million miles of driving conducting convoy duty. During the units deployment, several dozen of the unit's American Samoan servicemembers became naturalized U.S. citizens while in Kuwait.", "section_idx": 16, "section_name": "Demobilization and rebirth", "target_page_ids": [ 5689074, 444948, 15191515, 7515890, 42990, 993845 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 40 ], [ 79, 114 ], [ 154, 187 ], [ 211, 217 ], [ 353, 364 ], [ 461, 486 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "S. Neil Fujita, graphic designer. Designed many book and album covers. Head of Columbia Records Art Dept designing jazz album covers after WW II. Amoung his book covers are \"The Godfather\" logo and typeset for the 1969 novel and later used for the film's advertising. Designed \"The Today Show\" sunrise logo used from the 70's to the present day.", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 29372744 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Takashi \"Halo\" Hirose, first Japanese American to represent the United States in any international swimming competition, and the first to set a swimming world record; awarded five battle stars, the Combat Infantryman Badge and a Presidential Unit Citation. Inducted into Ohio State University's Sports Hall of Fame and the International Swimming Hall of Fame.", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 63149331, 845294, 765126, 2235625, 6089654, 791375 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 21 ], [ 180, 192 ], [ 198, 222 ], [ 229, 255 ], [ 271, 314 ], [ 323, 358 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Daniel Inouye, U.S. Representative from Hawaii (1959–62); U.S. Senator from Hawaii (1962–2012); President pro tempore of the Senate (2010–12); awarded the Medal of Honor and Purple Heart. Inouye had wanted to become a surgeon before he lost his right arm in the combat action for which he was later awarded the Medal of Honor.", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 382573, 49565, 40331925, 382573 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 96, 131 ], [ 155, 169 ], [ 262, 275 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dale Ishimoto, actor in many films, TV shows, and commercials", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 9805429 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Susumu Ito, Emeritus Professor of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Harvard Medical School (1960–90)", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 26604433, 329529 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ], [ 60, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Isao Kikuchi, graphic designer, illustrator, carver, and painter. Illustrated Welcome Home Swallows and Blue Jay in the Desert.", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 6684303 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Colonel Young-Oak Kim, the only Korean American officer during his service in 442nd Infantry. First officer from an ethnic minority to command a U.S. Army combat battalion.", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 2989328, 5844929, 234579 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 7 ], [ 8, 21 ], [ 32, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Spark Matsunaga, U.S. Representative from Hawaii (1962–76); U.S. Senator from Hawaii (1977–90)", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 542406 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sadao Munemori, the only Japanese American to be awarded the Medal of Honor during or immediately after World War II", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 60044, 40331925 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 61, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lane Nakano, actor, featured in the 1951 film Go for Broke!, father of writer and director Desmond Nakano", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 27443638, 1963987, 18336780 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 46, 59 ], [ 91, 105 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shinkichi Tajiri, sculptor, member of the COBRA art movement, 1955 Golden Palm Winner at Cannes, Purple Heart", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 22112762, 221909, 81095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ], [ 42, 47 ], [ 89, 95 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "James Takemori, judoka and recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun", "section_idx": 17, "section_name": "Notable members", "target_page_ids": [ 46785809, 1193966 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 44, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Allegiance the Musical: This musical, about the challenges faced by a Japanese-American family, is set in the present day with flashbacks to the 1940s. It was inspired by the experiences of George Takei, who spent his childhood in concentration camps. It stars George Takei, Lea Salonga and Telly Leung.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 36875996, 363856, 363856, 321059, 34271003 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 191, 203 ], [ 262, 274 ], [ 276, 287 ], [ 292, 303 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "American Pastime: This 2007 fictional film depicts life inside the concentration camps, where baseball was one of the major diversions from the reality of the internees' lives. Location scenes were filmed in bleak, desolate land, not far from the site of an actual camp. Lane Nomura, the oldest son enlists in the Army, as a member of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. The unit motto, \"Go for broke!\", provides inspiration at a climactic moment, and reference is made to the losses taken by the 442nd during the rescue of the Lost Battalion.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 11939381 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Go for Broke!: This 1951 film dramatizes the lives and wartime heroics of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. The film stars Van Johnson as a young officer, reluctant about his assignment to the 442nd. He comes to respect the Nisei troops, eventually refusing a transfer back to his original Texas unit. The movie starred a number of veterans of the 442nd. It can be found on iTunes.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 1963987, 1140408 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 123, 134 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The \"One Puka Puka\" episode of The Gallant Men television series featured the unit with guest stars Poncie Ponce and George Takei.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 4162087, 27485829, 363856 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 46 ], [ 100, 112 ], [ 117, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The James Michener novel Hawaii has a chapter detailing the 442nd's experiences, although its designation is changed to the 222nd and many of the members appear under fictionalized names.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 227124, 738767 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 18 ], [ 25, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ed Sakamoto wrote a play about the 100th/442nd entitled Our Hearts Were Touched by Fire, which was performed in Honolulu and Los Angeles.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In the series of four Karate Kid movies, Mr. Miyagi is a main character portrayed as a World War II veteran who had fought in the 442nd and received the Medal of Honor. The fourth film, The Next Karate Kid, begins with a reunion of the 442nd, in which Sen. Daniel Inouye gives a speech and Mr. Miyagi wears his Medal of Honor for the only time in any of the four films.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 91133, 1089211, 657809, 382573 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 32 ], [ 41, 51 ], [ 186, 205 ], [ 257, 270 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Nisei Project: In 2001, choreographer Marla Hirokawa premiered her \"Nisei\" ballet in Brooklyn, NY which was inspired by her late father, 100th Battalion veteran and gave honor to the men of the 100th/442nd. In 2003, Marla and sister Laurie Hamano produced a \"Nisei\" ballet tour across the Hawaiian Islands. (Lane Nishikawa toured and performed with the dance company.) In 2014, \"Nisei\" was re-staged and presented at the NY International Fringe Festival with a revised score that included songs about the Nisei veterans composed by ukulele virtuoso Jake Shimabukuro and singer/songwriter Harold Payne.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 10966428, 4238354, 1429591 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 312, 326 ], [ 425, 457 ], [ 553, 569 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2005, Lane Nishikawa directed and starred in the independent film Only the Brave, which is a fictional account of the rescue of the Lost Battalion.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 10966428, 8029508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 23 ], [ 69, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "\"Family 8108\", the 9 December 2007 episode of the CBS TV show Cold Case centers around the Japanese concentration camps and discusses the 442nd Regional Combat Team.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 37653, 633468 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 53 ], [ 62, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Ken Burns' 2007 PBS World War II documentary The War explores the stories of four American towns' experiences with the war. Burns' 15-hour documentary goes in depth in describing the many battles of World War II, including those of the 442nd Infantry Regiment.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 155721, 4288763 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ], [ 45, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sgt. Rock: The Lost Battalion #1–6 (2008) graphic novel", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 1014230, 102445 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ], [ 42, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "99 Years of Love 〜Japanese Americans〜: In 2010 TBS produced a five-part, 10-hour fictional Japanese-language miniseries featuring many of the major events in Japanese-American history. Episode 4 features a key character who serves in the 442nd and portrays the rescue of the Texas Battalion.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 29508708, 420771, 350712 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 37 ], [ 47, 50 ], [ 109, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The First Avenger (2011) features Kenneth Choi as the character of Jim Morita, a Nisei soldier separated from his unit that joins with Dum Dum Dugan and the Howling Commandos. Choi again reprised the role in an episode of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 25062961, 893930, 36860986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 47 ], [ 68, 78 ], [ 223, 244 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Valor With Honor is an 85-minute independent documentary film on the last interviews of veterans of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Interviews, war footage, and photos are part of the un-narrated documentary.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 8088 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Drunk History season 2 episode 15 \"Hawaii\", Phil Hendrie tells the story of Daniel Inouye of the 442nd Infantry Regiment enlisting after the Japanese-American ban is lifted and later losing his arm in the assault on Colle Musatello in Italy.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 39949337, 416366, 382573 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 16 ], [ 47, 59 ], [ 79, 92 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Hawaii Five-0 season 4 episode 10, the brother of the suspect whose family was placed in an internment camp is shown as a member of the battalion. It gives some information about the battalion and states that his brother who was of age did not want to stay in the camp, so he joined the Army in that battalion as did many of the other boys who were of age.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 26365423 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The story of the 442nd Infantry Regiment appeared in an episode of the American Heroes Channel series What History Forget, entitled \"Fighting for Freedom\". The episode featured an interview with Susumu Ito that was shot shortly before his death in 2015.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 1875163, 26604433 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 94 ], [ 195, 205 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Bad Day at Black Rock (1955), a US Army veteran seeks the father of a 442nd colleague who died saving his life in order to give him his son's posthumous medals. The plot centers on the town's hatred for the Japanese-American community.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 161452 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " An Origin Story (2018) follows a group of University of Hawaii ROTC students during the tumultuous year after the attack on Pearl Harbor, as they navigate wartime Hawaii and fight discrimination. Adaptation of the comic book by Stacey Hayashi.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 6231 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 215, 225 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The experience of Nisei soldiers in Europe and the Pacific was fictionalized for the Japanese market in the novel \"Futatsu no Sokoku (Two Homelands)\" by Toyoko Yamasaki in 1983. It was dramatized into a limited series of the same name by TV Tokyo in 2019.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 633025, 23741483, 498108 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 100 ], [ 153, 168 ], [ 238, 246 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Repentance (2019) is an historical novel based on the history of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team by Andrew Lam.", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 42845413 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 111 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2017, the 442nd Infantry Regiment was the subject of the short documentary Nisei Soldiers: Japanese American G.I. Joes, directed by Alexander Zane Irwin and produced by Daniel L. Bernardi with the collaboration of El Dorado Films and the Veteran Documentary Corps. ", "section_idx": 18, "section_name": "In popular culture", "target_page_ids": [ 23982302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 172, 190 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Admission of Hawaii Act", "section_idx": 19, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 854803 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Japanese American service in World War II", "section_idx": 19, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 46880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "List of documentary films about the Japanese American internment", "section_idx": 19, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 8959187 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Manzanar", "section_idx": 19, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 46865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Military history of Asian Americans", "section_idx": 19, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 24360229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Military Intelligence Service (United States)", "section_idx": 19, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 15244029 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Japanese American War Hero Recalls Life During World War II", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Asian-Nation: 442nd RCT Rescue of the Lost Battalion", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The 442nd Regimental Combat Team", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Hawaii Star Bulletin article on Hawaii Statehood passage ", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"U.S. Samurais in Bruyeres\" by Pierre Moulin", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Story of the 442nd Combat Team compiled by members of the 442nd Combat Team, Mitsuye Yamada papers, Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, via Calisphere.", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"From a Quiet American, a Story of War and Remembrance\". The New York Times. 16 August 2008.", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 30680 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Medal of Honor recipient George Joe Sakato on Veterans Chronicles produced by the", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Japanese American Veterans Collection, Archives & Manuscripts Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa Library", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "\"442nd Regimental Combat Team\" by Franklin Odo, Densho Encyclopedia", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "442nd Regimental Combat Team Legacy Website", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "442-Live with Honor, Die with Dignity: Documentary Film 2010", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Only the Brave official movie site", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The official website for upcoming movie Little Iron Men about the 442nd's rescue of the Lost Battalion", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A Path to Lunch Liberation Day and the Liberation of America, the 442nd in Lunigiana and Versilia.", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "George Takei: Why I love a country that once betrayed me TEDxKyoto 2014", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "442nd World War II Reenactors", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "WWII", "section_idx": 21, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 32927 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 4 ] ] } ]

[ "Military_units_and_formations_in_Hawaii", "Territory_of_Hawaii", "Japanese-American_history", "American_military_personnel_of_Japanese_descent", "Infantry_regiments_of_the_United_States_Army", "Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1944", "Infantry_regiments_of_the_United_States_Army_in_World_War_II", "Congressional_Gold_Medal_recipients", "Recipients_of_the_Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" ]

[ "442nd Regimental Combat Team" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Mahmood Shaam () born Tariq Mahmood () on 5 February 1940, is a Pakistani Urdu language journalist, poet, writer and news analyst. ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 28171281, 50100, 26827039 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 73 ], [ 89, 99 ], [ 118, 130 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After serving Pakistan's largest newspaper Jang Group for more than 16 years continuously as Group Editor, he joined ARY Digital Group on 21 September 2010 to launch a new Urdu language newspaper. He has written many books on different subjects.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 30864774, 18950494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 43, 53 ], [ 117, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Mahmood Shaam received his bachelor's degree in English literature, Persian and Philosophy from Government College Jhang in 1962. In 1964, he obtained master's degree in Philosophy from Government College Lahore. He was the editor of the college magazine Ravi at Lahore.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 18973384, 11600, 2792911, 991046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 66 ], [ 68, 75 ], [ 115, 120 ], [ 186, 211 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shaam has visited several countries during his journalistic career including United Kingdom, Singapore, Burma, Denmark, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Malaysia, Switzerland, Syria, Qatar, Egypt, Italy, United Arab Emirates, India and Canada.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 19457, 76972, 26750, 349303, 5058739, 3607937, 26748, 7515849, 8238258, 8087628, 69328, 14533 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 104, 109 ], [ 111, 118 ], [ 120, 129 ], [ 131, 143 ], [ 145, 151 ], [ 153, 161 ], [ 163, 174 ], [ 176, 181 ], [ 183, 188 ], [ 190, 195 ], [ 204, 224 ], [ 226, 231 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Mahmood Shaam has worked for almost 45 years as a journalist including 16 years with Jang Group of Newspapers. He has written 20 books including poetry books.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 30864774 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 109 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In his journalistic career, he has interviewed many national and international leaders like Yasir Arafat, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Indira Gandhi, Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman, Gerald Ford, Henry Kissinger, Tun Abdul Razak, Benazir Bhutto, Pervez Musharraf. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, G.M. Syed, Khan Abdul Wali Khan, Maulana Bhashani, Mufti Mahmood, Asghar Khan and Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 34289, 401102, 15179, 246089, 5030380, 13765, 364266, 193737, 24260, 291112, 26550318, 2120733, 30871609, 2783307, 3558777, 1229795 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 92, 104 ], [ 106, 125 ], [ 127, 140 ], [ 142, 165 ], [ 167, 178 ], [ 180, 195 ], [ 197, 212 ], [ 214, 228 ], [ 230, 246 ], [ 248, 271 ], [ 273, 282 ], [ 284, 304 ], [ 306, 322 ], [ 324, 337 ], [ 339, 350 ], [ 355, 375 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He has worked as;", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Assistant Editor Qandeel (magazine), Lahore, (1962–1964)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Magazine Editor Daily \"Nawa-i-Waqt\" Lahore, (1965–1967)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Editor Weekly \"Akhbar-e-Jahan\" Karachi, (1967–1970) and (1972–1975)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Special Correspondent for Sindh for Daily \"Musawat\" Lahore, (Jul 1970 – Apr 1972)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Editor/Publisher: Weekly \"Mayar\" Karachi, (Apr 1976 – 1978) & (1980–1994)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In January 2018, Mahmood Shaam who, for a long time, had edited the Urdu language newspaper Daily Jang returned to work for the Jang Group of Newspapers. He had quit the Jang Group in 2012 to pursue other interests.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 909937, 30864774 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 92, 102 ], [ 128, 152 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Poetry", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Aune-paune ghazlein baicheen, nazmaun ka bewpaar kiya", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Cardio Spasm (A Long Poem) 1969", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Akhri Raqs (Last Dance) 1971", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Chehra Chehra Meri Kahani (My Story on Every Face) 1975", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Nawishta-e-Dewar (Writings on Wall) 1980", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Qurbanion Ka Mausam (The Season of Sacrifices) 1991", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Mohallon Mein Sarhadein (Frontiers within Streets) 1999", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Ayyan Ayyan Yo Yo, Urdu poems for children", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bas ek apne hi qadmon ki chhaap suntan hoon", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Other books", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Roo ba Roo (Face to Face)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Larkana Se Peking (Larkana to Peking ) 1972", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Larkana to Peking 1973", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Kitna Qareeb Kitna Door (So Near So Far) 1974, A travelogue", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bhutto Key Akhri Ayyam (The Last Days of Bhutto) 1979", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Nai Awazen (New Voices) 1987, Interview with emerging leaders", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Benazir Bhutto – The Way Out 1988", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Benazir Bhutto – Ek Hi Rasta 1988", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bartania Mein Khizaan (The English Autumn) 1992, Travelogue", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Taqdeer Badalti Taqreerain (Speeches that Changed Destiny) 1993", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Khawateen-o-Hazraat (Ladies and Gentlemen) 1998", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Shab-ba-Kher (Good Night) 1999, A political novel", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [ 24850 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Roo ba Roo (Face to Face), New Edition – Interviews from 1967 to 1977", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "One to One, Interviews from 1977 to 2002", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bharat Mein Black List (Black Listed in India)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Amrica Kia Soch Raha Hai (Urdu), American visit after 9/11", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Visiting American Mind – English Version", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Mumlikat Aey Mumlikat 2007", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Pakistan Per Qurban, The day with Benazir Bhutto (1970 to 2007)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Indifference in the time of extremism'' (2017)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Bibliography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Pride of Performance Award by the President of Pakistan in 2010", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards and recognition", "target_page_ids": [ 4169251, 419460 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 35, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of Pakistani journalists", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 25255241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of Pakistani poets", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 3919138 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of Urdu language poets", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 518963 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of Pakistani writers", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 364977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of Urdu language writers", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 4582495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Mahmood Shaam's poetry on YouTube", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1940_births", "Living_people", "Pakistani_male_journalists", "Pakistani_newspaper_editors", "Pakistani_poets", "Urdu-language_poets_from_Pakistan", "Recipients_of_the_Pride_of_Performance" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "\"Polythene Pam\" is a song by the British rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Abbey Road. Written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney, it is the fourth song of the album's climactic side-two medley. The Beatles recorded the track in July 1969 as a continuous piece with \"She Came In Through the Bathroom Window\", which follows it in the medley.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 29812, 926304, 15852, 1056165, 926304, 1463451 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 62 ], [ 85, 95 ], [ 108, 119 ], [ 136, 152 ], [ 201, 216 ], [ 290, 329 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lennon wrote \"Polythene Pam\" during the Beatles' 1968 stay in India. While not formally recorded during the sessions for The Beatles (also known as \"the White Album\"), the song was recorded as a demo at George Harrison's Kinfauns home before the sessions. The demo was later released on Anthology 3 and the 2018 super-deluxe edition of The Beatles. Lennon dismissed the song, along with \"Mean Mr. Mustard\", in The Beatles Anthology as \"a bit of crap I wrote in India\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background and composition", "target_page_ids": [ 24101956, 75350, 12731, 2427906, 991812, 1468557, 143196 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 67 ], [ 121, 132 ], [ 203, 218 ], [ 221, 229 ], [ 287, 298 ], [ 388, 404 ], [ 410, 431 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1980, Lennon said about \"Polythene Pam\": \"That was me, remembering a little event with a woman in Jersey, and a man who was England's answer to Allen Ginsberg ... I met him when we were on tour and he took me back to his apartment and I had a girl and he had one he wanted me to meet. He said she dressed up in polythene, which she did. She didn't wear jack boots and kilts, I just sort of elaborated. Perverted sex in a polythene bag. Just looking for something to write about.\" \"England's answer to Allen Ginsberg\" refers to Royston Ellis, an English writer whom Lennon knew from when the Beatles played at the Cavern Club. He also described the inspiration for the song as a \"mythical Liverpool scrubber dressed in her jackboots and kilt\". The song is sung in a very strong Liverpudlian \"Scouse\" accent.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background and composition", "target_page_ids": [ 1017, 1017, 2147195, 23733691, 339902 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 147, 161 ], [ 504, 518 ], [ 530, 543 ], [ 616, 627 ], [ 794, 800 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Polythene is the British variant of the word polyethylene, a plastic material. The name 'Polythene Pam' came from the nickname of an early Beatles fan from the Cavern Club days, named Pat Hodgett (now Dawson), who would often eat polythene. She became known as \"Polythene Pat\". She said in an interview, \"I used to eat polythene all the time. I'd tie it in knots and then eat it. Sometimes I even used to burn it and then eat it when it got cold.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Background and composition", "target_page_ids": [ 77385 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 45, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On the album Abbey Road, the song is linked with the previous song \"Mean Mr. Mustard\" musically, as the two run together without pause. The two songs are also linked narratively, since \"Mean Mr. Mustard\" mentions that the title character Mustard has a sister named Pam. The line beginning \"His sister Pam\" in the song was originally \"His sister Shirley\", but Lennon changed it to contribute to the continuity of the Abbey Road side two medley. The song \"Her Majesty\" was originally set between \"Mean Mr. Mustard\" and \"Polythene Pam\". \"Polythene Pam\" then segues into the following song, \"She Came In Through the Bathroom Window\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Placement on Abbey Road", "target_page_ids": [ 1468518, 3592676, 1463451 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 454, 465 ], [ 555, 560 ], [ 588, 627 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Beatles recorded the basic track for \"Polythene Pam\" and \"She Came in Through the Bathroom Window\" at EMI Studios in London on 25 July. The line-up was Lennon on acoustic 12-string guitar, Harrison on lead guitar, Paul McCartney on bass, and Ringo Starr on drums. Lennon sang an off-mike guide vocal on his song, while McCartney did the same on \"She Came in Through the Bathroom Window\". During the guitar solo on \"Polythene Pam\", Lennon shouted out words of encouragement (\"Fab! That's great! Real good, that. Real good ...\"), some of which appears on the finished recording. In his description of the song, author Ian MacDonald likens Lennon's \"massive\" opening acoustic guitar chords to the Who's \"Pinball Wizard\", which was a single at the time.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Placement on Abbey Road", "target_page_ids": [ 13736167, 25832, 957660, 36517, 1994297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 218, 232 ], [ 246, 257 ], [ 620, 633 ], [ 694, 701 ], [ 705, 719 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The band carried out overdubs on the track on 28 July, although many of these contributions, such as piano and electric piano, were subsequently cut. Recording was completed on 30 July, when the final vocal, guitar and percussion overdubs were taped. These included a second lead guitar part by Harrison, playing the descending notes (accompanying Lennon's spoken \"Listen to that now. Oh, look out! Here she...\") into the start of \"She Came in Through the Bathroom Window\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Placement on Abbey Road", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "According to Walter Everett, except where noted:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 32259333 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Lennon – lead vocal, twelve-string acoustic guitar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 15852 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Paul McCartney – backing vocal, bass guitar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 13736167 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Harrison – backing vocal, lead guitars", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 12731 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ringo Starr – drums", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 25832 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " uncredited – tambourine, maracas, cowbell, \"whipcrack\" percussion", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Personnel", "target_page_ids": [ 126339, 396024 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 32 ], [ 35, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Booker T. & the MGs covered the track on their 1970 album McLemore Avenue.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Notable cover versions", "target_page_ids": [ 165847, 12407123 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ], [ 58, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1976, Roy Wood of Electric Light Orchestra recorded the song for the musical documentary All This and World War II.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Notable cover versions", "target_page_ids": [ 367558, 10484, 6915371 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 17 ], [ 21, 45 ], [ 92, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1999, Atom and His Package covered the song on the album Making Love (with altered lyrics) as \"P.P. (Doo-Doo)\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Notable cover versions", "target_page_ids": [ 1860229, 9379453 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 29 ], [ 60, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When Mojo released Abbey Road Now! in 2009, as part of the magazine's series of CDs of Beatles albums covered track-by-track by modern artists, \"Polythene Pam\" was covered by Cornershop alongside \"Mean Mr. Mustard\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Notable cover versions", "target_page_ids": [ 2011729, 856921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 9 ], [ 175, 185 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " What Goes On?", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "The_Beatles_songs", "1969_songs", "Songs_about_fictional_female_characters", "Song_recordings_produced_by_George_Martin", "Songs_written_by_Lennon–McCartney", "Songs_published_by_Northern_Songs" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The AT&T High Seas Service was a radiotelephone service that provided ship-to-shore telephone calls, which consisted of stations WOO (transmitter station in Ocean Gate, New Jersey (), receiver station in Manahawkin, New Jersey, United States), WOM ([Receiver site in Plantation, Florida ; transmitter on Krome Ave. and KMI (transmitter station in Dixon, California (), receiver station in Point Reyes, California ().", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 234083, 125636, 125626, 3434750, 109063, 60864, 572178 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 47 ], [ 157, 179 ], [ 204, 226 ], [ 228, 241 ], [ 267, 286 ], [ 350, 367 ], [ 392, 415 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before satellite communication systems were widely available, the only way ships at sea had to communicate with the rest of the world was via radio connections to land stations. To talk to people who did not operate radio equipment, a vessel at sea would make contact with a land station, usually using high frequency AM or single-sideband (SSB) radio. The operator of the land station would patch the radio connection though to a telephone call made over the regular telephone system (referred to as a landline). The AT&T High Seas Service was a commercial radio-to-telephone connection system using the above land stations. The charges were typically settled by making the landline connection a collect call. Larger vessels maintained accounts with AT&T, but the service was available to any vessel with a marine HF radio. In the 1980s the radio link was priced at several dollars per minute plus the long distance landline charge from the High Seas station.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 178937, 1140, 29048, 570875, 468436, 1042259 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 303, 317 ], [ 318, 320 ], [ 324, 339 ], [ 392, 397 ], [ 460, 484 ], [ 503, 511 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Each High Seas station maintained a radio watch on multiple HF radio channels on multiple marine radio bands. Depending on propagation and distance, the ship radio officer would select a likely band and call (\"Whisky Oscar Mike, Whisky Oscar Mike, this is Rollick WSP1234 on channel 604\") for the High Seas station listening on that available frequency. Then the High Seas radio technician would ask for the location of the ship and select the antenna oriented in the best direction, or advise a better frequency, or even a better-located station to call. Many of the High Seas antennas were fixed Rhombics and the coverage patterns were provided by AT&T to subscribers. While many of the marine HF channels are full duplex (different transmit frequency for ship and ground station), few ships had the radio & antenna capability for duplex operation. Users had to learn to say \"over\" when done talking and the shipboard radioman would key the transmitter. Since the operator and the whole world could listen in, nothing was private in the conversation.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "From the shore of the United States, one could place a call to a ship by dialing 1-800-High-Sea(s) (the corresponding number to the letter (S) was the 12th digit dialed before the pulse train could be completed and sent on the telephone network, so it was ignored by the switch in the central office of the station from which it was dialed). This toll free number led to a High Seas Telephone Operator in the IOC (International Operating Center) in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, who would answer and take the details of the call, e.g., ship name, the name of the person being called and the name and phone number of the originator of the call. These call details were kept on file and the High Seas Telephone Operator would make a telephone call to the High Seas Radio Station, either WOO (Whiskey Oscar Oscar) in New Jersey or WOM (Whiskey Oscar Mike) in Florida or KMI (Kilo Mike India) in California. The High Seas Telephone Operators would give the High Seas Radio Technician the name of the ship that the party was trying to reach and the High Seas Radio Technicians were responsible to broadcast the traffic list on certain frequencies at regular times so that the Ship's Radio Technician could be notified that his particular ship was being hailed for the completion of a phone call to one of its passengers or crew members. After receiving the call details from the High Seas Radio Technician, the Ship's Radio Technician would make a ship-wide announcement paging the called party on the ship to come to the radio room on the ship to receive their call. When the person arrived in the radio room, the Ship's Radio Technician would hail the High Seas Radio Station on a predetermined frequency and would request a connection to the USA call originator. The High Seas Radio Station Technician would then call the High Seas Telephone Operator in Pittsburgh and request the call's completion. The High Seas Operator would retrieve the call details from the computer and connect the parties together. Since there was no \"answer supervision\" on these calls, they did not disconnect automatically. The High Seas Telephone Operators would monitor the call approximately every minute to listen for talking. If there was no talking when she or he went in on the line, the High Seas Telephone Operator would then ask the Ship's Radio Technician (who was also listening to the line and checking for call quality) for the next telephone call that he wanted to complete. In all, there were about 5 people on one High Seas Telephone call, which made it a very public exchange.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Amateur radio operators also provided free phone patch links for ships at sea from licensed hams operating ship radio equipment, but only if the message was of a non-commercial nature. For many military and maritime servicepersons, who waited in line for their chance to talk, it was the only affordable way to \"call home\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 23275402 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "AT&T shut down all three stations on November 9, 1999. Ocean Gate Radio, the home of WOO at Good Luck Point, was made into a Wildlife refuge in 2003. In 2012, it was severely damaged by Hurricane Sandy. In 2016–17, most of the abandoned antenna poles were removed, with the remainder kept as platforms for osprey nests.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 125636, 113261, 37423368, 146237 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 66 ], [ 126, 141 ], [ 188, 203 ], [ 309, 315 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Voices Across The Sea\", October 1931, Popular Mechanics", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ocean Voyager Magazine", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Globe Wireless Station(Dixon, California) closing [...Formerly AT&T's High-Seas Station: KMI]", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Defunct_radio_stations_in_the_United_States", "AT&T" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The Assyrian Democratic Movement (, , ADM), popularly known as Zowaa (), is an Assyrian political party situated in Iraq, and one of the main Assyrian parties within the Iraqi parliament. The Assyrian Democratic Movement states its aims are to establish equal citizenship rights with the rest of the Iraqi people without discrimination on the basis of nationality, belief, religious affiliation, culture, language and other characteristics of the native Chaldo-Assyrian Syriac people of Iraq, to acknowledge the past massacres committed against them and to ensure they are never repeated again.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 3888605, 7515928, 1445450, 4184636, 3888605, 4184636 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 87 ], [ 116, 120 ], [ 170, 186 ], [ 300, 312 ], [ 454, 476 ], [ 477, 491 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With regards to separatism from Iraq, the Assyrian Democratic Movement maintains that it does not seek the division of Iraq in order to establish an Assyrian state and states in its manifesto:The national axis in the approach of the Assyrian Democratic Movement has components of the Iraqi people, and to contribute to building the democratic pluralistic federal state and establishing the Iraqi state based on justice, equality and the rights of all components. And the common destiny of our Chaldean Assyrian people with the components of the Iraqi people, national and religious Arabs, Kurds, Turkmen, Armenians, Sabians, Yazidis and Shabaks.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 23385837 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Assyrian Democratic Movement was founded on April 12, 1979 after several meetings held in secrecy in Kirkuk, Mosul and Baghdad. The party was established among various smaller cultural-political and student groups such as the Assyrian Brothers, with the hope of fulfilling the political objectives of the Assyrian people in Iraq, in response to the oppressive brutality of the Ba'ath regime and its attempts to forcibly expropriate ethnic Assyrians from their native lands. The ideology of the movement stemmed from Assyrian cultural awareness that had developed in Urmia and Harput during the Assyrian independence movement. The movement took up armed struggle against the Iraqi regime in 1982 under the leadership of Ninos Pithyou with the primary focus of defending Assyrian villages, and joined the Iraqi-Kurdistan Front (IKF) in the early 1990s.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 199292, 200475, 4492, 3888605, 166957, 105004, 615663, 2341852, 23385837 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 105, 111 ], [ 113, 118 ], [ 123, 130 ], [ 309, 332 ], [ 381, 387 ], [ 436, 442 ], [ 570, 575 ], [ 580, 586 ], [ 598, 628 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Since its inception, the ADM have joined with the Iraqi patriotic factions in the fight against dictatorship. The movement has also participated in the political field since 1982 alongside other groups. It started by issuing its central newspaper, Bahra, in June 1982. In 1988, fighter members of the movement and its headquarters as well as the rest of the Kurdish parties were attacked in the Al-Anfal Campaign. ADM participated in the uprising in 1991; then won seats in parliamentary elections for the Kurdistan region of Iraq in 1992.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 802340 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 396, 413 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The ADM is credited with the development of education in the Syriac language in both elementary and secondary schools as well as the initiation of different organizations such as the Chaldo-Assyrian Students' Union, Hammurabi Scouts, Assyrian Women's Union of Iraq and the Assyrian Aid Society.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 59412, 21259061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 76 ], [ 273, 293 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The ADM has endured a struggle through the sacrifice of its martyrs' in the arena of armed struggle. On 14 July 1984, the Saddam led regime attacked ADM locations in Baghdad, arresting more than 150 members of the movement who were imprisoned in the notorious Abu Ghraib prison. Twenty-two members were sentenced to life imprisonment, and four were sentenced to death where Yousip Toma, Youbert Benyamin and Youkhanna Esho were hanged on treason charges. Jamil Matti and Sheba Hamey were later murdered by the Iraqi Army while safeguarding the villages of Hejerke and Pireka in Simele. Relatives of ADM members were also imprisoned, tortured and murdered for their connection to the movement.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 627187, 3669669 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 260, 277 ], [ 580, 586 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Some ADM members were victims of political assassinations such as Francis Yousef Shabo who was allegedly assassinated by Wahid Kovli.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Due to successful lobbying from influential Assyrian-Americans and from Congressman Henry Hyde, American President George W. Bush designated the ADM an officially recognized Iraqi opposition movement. In a December 9, 2002, memorandum, President Bush invoked both articles four and five of the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 as a means of allowing the United States government to provide financial resources to the ADM and other Iraqi opposition groups. Kanna himself participated in a September 2002 meeting of Iraqi opposition leaders in New York and addressed the London conference of Iraqi opposition leaders in December 2002. In February 2003, Kanna addressed both Iraqi opposition leaders and U.S. envoy Zalmay Khalilzad at a conference in northern Iraq. Just hours prior to the American-led war against Iraq in March 2003, Kanna stressed the importance of the coming war for the history of the Assyrian people. He noted that some Assyrians were leaving the cities for the villages and urged diaspora Assyrians to provide humanitarian aid to their brethren.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Prior to the Iraqi invasion", "target_page_ids": [ 7672567, 412034, 3414021, 193906 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 62 ], [ 84, 94 ], [ 115, 129 ], [ 707, 723 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Yonadam Kanna became the leader of the party in 2001, succeeding Ninos Pithyou. He served on the temporary Iraqi Governing Council before it was disbanded in favor of the elected body formed after the January 2005 Iraqi elections.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "After the fall of Baghdad", "target_page_ids": [ 292880, 1382483 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 107, 130 ], [ 214, 229 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The party's website, zowaa.org, describes it as \"a democratic and political organization -- national and patriotic -- to defend our people and their legitimate rights and to struggle under the banner of [a] free democratic Iraq.\" The site's declarations include calls for official recognition of the rights of Assyrians and \"unity of our people under their several religious identities\": Chaldean church, Syriac church, and Assyrian church (various Christian denominations in the Assyrian demographic). The group supports the idea of a federal Iraq, and maintains good relations with other Assyrian and Kurdish groups present in northern Iraq, as well as with Shi'a leaders in southern Iraq. The movement is also represented in the Kurdistan parliament. Party members and Assyrians in general have been the focus of some Islamic insurgent attacks in the time since the fall of Saddam Hussein.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "After the fall of Baghdad", "target_page_ids": [ 1330553, 29490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 732, 752 ], [ 877, 891 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The party also operates Ashur TV, Ashur Radio and issues the Bahra newspaper.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "After the fall of Baghdad", "target_page_ids": [ 22167900 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The party is based in the former headquarters of the Fedayeen Saddam in Zayouna, Baghdad.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "After the fall of Baghdad", "target_page_ids": [ 204633, 19684612 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 68 ], [ 72, 88 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The party has faced many setbacks since the beginning of the Iraq invasion. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On November 17, 1994, one of ADM's militia soldiers, Zia Zia, was killed while guarding a headquarters of the party in a remote Assyrian village in northern Iraq.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On October 20, 2003, a rocket-propelled grenade attack occurred on the ADM office in Kirkuk, injuring one ADM official. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [ 199292 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 91 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On November 18, 2003, Sargon Nano, the ADM representative in Basra, was killed by masked gunmen. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [ 57580 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On February 11, 2004, The Associated Press reported gunmen firing from a car attacking an office of the ADM in the northern city of Mosul, injuring one ADM member guard. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [ 18935732, 200475 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 42 ], [ 132, 137 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On March 26, 2004, gunmen killed ADM official Romeo Esha David in the city of Kirkuk. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On November 29, 2005, gunmen opened fire on four party members as they were hanging Iraqi election posters in northern city of Mosul (in the al-Shuhadaa district,) killing two ADM members. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [ 200475 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 127, 132 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On December 2, 2005, ADM election candidate Sarmas Behnam Ibrahim was gunned down in Kirkuk. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [ 199292 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 91 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On January 1, 2006, 44-year-old ADM official Ayad Loqa Lazar was killed in the Baghdad district of Dora. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [ 4492, 11232485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 86 ], [ 99, 103 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On May 6, 2006, an unsuccessful assassination attempt was made on the party's leader, Yonadam Kanna, as his convoy came under an improvised explosive device attack in Baghdad.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [ 30861487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 86, 99 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On February 4, 2018, a car bomb was detonated outside the headquarters of the ADM in Baghdad, injuring 4 people.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Post-war incidents and events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The organizational structure of the party is as follows:", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Secretary-General", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Deputy Secretary-General", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Political Bureau", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Central Committee", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The party is organized into several branches both in Iraq and in the diaspora. Some of these branches include:", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 1st Branch - Baghdad", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 4492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 2nd Branch - Kirkuk (Arrapha)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 199292 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 3rd Branch - Nineveh (Mosul)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 200475 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 4th Branch - Bakhdida", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 3678939 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 5th Branch - Tel Keppe (Kalih)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 29221058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 6th Branch - Alqosh (Sanhareeb)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 433352 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 7th Branch - Nohadra", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 566384 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 8th Branch - Arbil", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 24534207 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 9th Branch - Zakho", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 766855 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 10th Branch - Sarsing", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 3665299 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 11th Branch - Australia", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 4689264 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 12th Branch - Canada", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 5042916 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 13th Branch - Illinois", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 14849 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 14th Branch - Michigan", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 18859 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 15th Branch - Arizona", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 21883824 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 16th Branch - California", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 5407 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 17th Branch - Central Europe", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 5188 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 18th Branch - Western Europe", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 33800 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 19th Branch - Scandinavia", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Branches", "target_page_ids": [ 26740 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Assyrian Democratic Organization", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 13020326 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Assyrian Policy Institute", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 64029534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Nineveh Plain Protection Units", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 44783573 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sons of Mesopotamia", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 51344535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Assyrian homeland", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 6390907 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 33339058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Assyrian Democratic Movement ( Zowaa Dimuqrataya Atoraya)", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1979_establishments_in_Iraq", "Assyrian_political_parties", "Assyrians_in_Iraq", "Federalist_parties", "Organizations_of_the_1991_uprisings_in_Iraq", "Political_parties_established_in_1979", "Political_parties_in_Iraq", "Political_parties_in_Kurdistan_Region", "Political_parties_of_minorities_in_Iraq", "Rebel_groups_in_Iraq" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Carlton Your Doorman is a 1980 television pilot for an animated spin-off of the live-action sitcom Rhoda (1974–78) that was never picked up as a series. It originally aired as a \"CBS Special Presentation\" on May 21, 1980 and has never been rebroadcast.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 396572, 593, 7285190, 238198, 37653, 791921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 47 ], [ 55, 63 ], [ 64, 72 ], [ 99, 104 ], [ 179, 182 ], [ 183, 203 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Carlton is a New York City doorman and a misfit who seeks to better himself and his position in society. In the pilot episode, Carlton seeks a replacement for his boss's wife's dog, Punkin, who died while in his care. He tries everything to replace the dog so his boss does not find out.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Synopsis", "target_page_ids": [ 645042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "It was revealed in this episode that Carlton was a relatively young man, with shoulder-length blond hair and mustache. He also has a gray cat named Gringo. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Synopsis", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The episode relates the adventures of Carlton, the Doorman (voiced by Lorenzo Music), the previously off-screen character from Rhoda who was heard via the intercom but almost never seen (except only his arm would occasionally appear from doors and he was once shown dancing while wearing a gorilla mask). It was produced by MTM Enterprises and was the only animated production from MTM, although The Duck Factory – a sitcom set in an animation production company – included cartoon segments, and the closing credits of many MTM series included animated clothing and accessories superimposed on Mimsie the Cat.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 238198, 248118, 14099209, 1748353, 6904106, 1748353 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 58 ], [ 70, 83 ], [ 101, 121 ], [ 324, 339 ], [ 396, 412 ], [ 594, 608 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "It is also one of the last animated pilots to use a laugh track, which was a common practice in the 1960s and 1970s.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 263909 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lorenzo Music as Carlton, the Doorman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Voice cast", "target_page_ids": [ 248118 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jack Somack as Charles Shaftman, Carlton's boss", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Voice cast", "target_page_ids": [ 67722667 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lucille Meredith as Mrs. Shaftman, Charles' wife", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Voice cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Lurene Tuttle as Carlton's mother", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Voice cast", "target_page_ids": [ 8697680 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kay Cole as Darlene, Carlton's girlfriend", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Voice cast", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Shout! Factory released this episode as a bonus feature on Rhoda – Season Five: The Final Season DVD set on October 17, 2017.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Home media", "target_page_ids": [ 2928674 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Primetime Emmy Awards", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Accolades", "target_page_ids": [ 14772931 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 1980: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program – Carlton Your Doorman", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Accolades", "target_page_ids": [ 4707121 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 60 ] ] } ]

[ "1980_American_television_episodes", "1980_television_specials", "1980s_American_television_specials", "American_animated_television_spin-offs", "Television_pilots_not_picked_up_as_a_series", "Television_series_by_MTM_Enterprises", "Emmy_Award-winning_programs" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IX was the ninth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). The event took place on April 4, 1993, at Caesars Palace in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada. It was the first WrestleMania event held outdoors.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 24864, 101733, 47146440, 62676, 48729052, 47737, 124384, 21216 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 49 ], [ 50, 72 ], [ 73, 85 ], [ 92, 97 ], [ 114, 140 ], [ 199, 213 ], [ 221, 230 ], [ 241, 249 ], [ 251, 257 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IX was built around two main storylines. The first was the seemingly unstoppable Yokozuna challenging Bret Hart for the WWF Championship in the main event, a right he earned by winning the 1993 Royal Rumble. The other major storyline was the return of Hulk Hogan, who had departed the WWF following WrestleMania VIII but returned to team with Brutus Beefcake against the WWF Tag Team Champions, Money Inc. (Ted DiBiase and Irwin R. Schyster). Hogan and Beefcake lost the tag team match, but Hogan later faced Yokozuna for the title in an impromptu, unadvertised 22-second match after Yokozuna defeated Hart to win the championship. In addition, Shawn Michaels retained the Intercontinental Championship, though he lost his match against Tatanka.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 690037, 303089, 630463, 5828366, 301775, 1446176, 38293140, 985535, 2083330, 344293, 30864960, 306325, 722875, 1840959 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 94, 102 ], [ 115, 124 ], [ 133, 149 ], [ 202, 219 ], [ 265, 275 ], [ 312, 329 ], [ 356, 371 ], [ 384, 406 ], [ 408, 418 ], [ 420, 431 ], [ 436, 453 ], [ 658, 672 ], [ 686, 715 ], [ 750, 757 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The event has been panned by critics and fans alike. The most frequent criticism has been related to the match between The Undertaker and Giant Gonzalez, Hulk Hogan's title win, and the Roman togas worn by announcers. Both the pay-per-view buyrate and the attendance for the event dropped from the previous year's WrestleMania.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 345792, 1179023, 187381 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 119, 133 ], [ 138, 152 ], [ 192, 196 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania is considered the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) flagship pay-per-view (PPV) event, having first been held in 1985. It is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. It was the first of the WWF's original four pay-per-views, which includes Royal Rumble, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, which were eventually dubbed the \"Big Four\". WrestleMania IX was scheduled to be held on April 4, 1993, at Caesars Palace in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 62676, 101733, 896839, 518916, 697071, 848251, 48729052, 47737, 124384, 21216 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 31, 57 ], [ 84, 96 ], [ 136, 140 ], [ 268, 280 ], [ 282, 292 ], [ 298, 313 ], [ 422, 436 ], [ 444, 453 ], [ 464, 472 ], [ 474, 480 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Early TV promos for WrestleMania IX ticket sales, airing in December 1992, focused on shots of Hulk Hogan and Bret Hart, with quick shots of Doink the Clown, Razor Ramon, Crush, Shawn Michaels, Ric Flair, and Randy Savage also shown. Hogan had notably not appeared on WWF TV since April of that year. Flair would not be on the roster at the time of the event.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "This was the first WrestleMania held entirely outdoors, a concept the company did not use again until WrestleMania XXIV in 2008. Because WrestleMania IX was held in Caesars Palace, the WWF promoted the event as the \"World's Largest Toga Party\". The arena was made to look like a Roman coliseum, and the event featured guards, trumpeters, and several live animals. The company built on this theme by having the commentators, including debuting announcer Jim Ross, wear togas. Ring announcer Howard Finkel was also renamed \"Finkus Maximus\" for the day. Randy Savage came to the broadcast booth accompanied by women throwing flower petals and feeding him grapes while he rode on a couch carried by guards. Bobby Heenan made his entrance wearing a toga and riding a camel backwards.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 4644269, 1002441, 1672685, 552897, 1453397 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 102, 119 ], [ 453, 461 ], [ 490, 503 ], [ 551, 563 ], [ 703, 715 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hulk Hogan's visibly damaged eye was explained in the storyline as the result of Ted DiBiase hiring a group of men to attack Hogan before the match. In reality, the cause of injury has been open to debate. One theory is that Randy Savage punched Hogan because he believed that his ex-wife Elizabeth Hulette had an affair with Hogan while Savage and Hulette were married (the couple divorced in September 1992). WWF officials claimed that the injury was the result of a jet ski accident.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 259765, 338314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 289, 306 ], [ 469, 476 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A match was scheduled between Bam Bam Bigelow and Kamala, but it was canceled due to time constraints before the event began.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1870317, 1654795 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 45 ], [ 50, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The buildup to the pay-per-view consisted of feuds scripted by the WWF's writers, and the matches that took place at the event had pre-determined outcomes that had been decided by the promotion.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "One of the feuds heading into the event was between Tatanka and Intercontinental Champion Shawn Michaels. Tatanka was in the midst of an undefeated streak and had wrestled Michaels twice in the months leading up to WrestleMania IX. Tatanka pinned Michaels in a singles match on the February 13, 1993, episode of WWF Superstars of Wrestling and later teamed with The Nasty Boys in a six-man match against Michaels and the Beverly Brothers; Tatanka pinned Michaels to win this match as well. Michaels was also feuding with Sensational Sherri, who stood in Tatanka's corner during the match. Sherri had been Michaels' valet. When Marty Jannetty tried to hit Michaels with a mirror, however, Michaels pulled Sherri in front of him to protect himself. Sherri's anger at getting hit over the head with a mirror caused her to turn on him at Royal Rumble 1993.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1840959, 722875, 306325, 1428043, 2281699, 2010342, 905173, 2100378, 1210702, 1211198, 1458388, 3830968, 5828366 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 60 ], [ 65, 90 ], [ 91, 105 ], [ 241, 247 ], [ 313, 340 ], [ 363, 377 ], [ 383, 390 ], [ 422, 438 ], [ 522, 540 ], [ 616, 621 ], [ 628, 642 ], [ 820, 824 ], [ 835, 852 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The match between The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) and The Headshrinkers (Samu and Fatu) had little background, although Afa, who managed The Headshrinkers, claimed that his team would \"tear [the Steiners'] heads off\". Doink the Clown and Crush had been feuding since the January 2, 1993, episode of WWF Superstars of Wrestling. After Crush's match on that show, he confronted Doink, who had thrown a ball at a child in the audience. Crush grabbed Doink by the arm and warned him not to play any more pranks on children. Doink, wearing a cast on the arm that Crush had supposedly injured by grabbing, came to ringside during Crush's match on the January 18 episode of WWF Monday Night Raw. He apologized to Crush and gave him a flower; when Crush walked away, Doink removed a prosthetic arm from his cast and attacked Crush, who was later taken away in an ambulance due to kayfabe (storyline) injuries. For storyline purposes, Crush was said to be too injured to compete in the 1993 Royal Rumble match. Doink continued his pranks by squirting Crush with a water pistol and recording video messages to Crush, which showed two Doinks on the screen.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 2083304, 1745685, 584945, 2107158, 2107284, 993933, 2137670, 2589941, 1815577, 440467, 72750, 11145758, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 38 ], [ 40, 52 ], [ 57, 70 ], [ 76, 93 ], [ 95, 99 ], [ 104, 108 ], [ 142, 145 ], [ 240, 255 ], [ 260, 265 ], [ 689, 709 ], [ 797, 811 ], [ 894, 901 ], [ 1104, 1118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The feud between The Mega-Maniacs (Brutus Beefcake and Hulk Hogan) and WWF Tag Team Champions Money Inc. (Ted DiBiase and Irwin R. Schyster) stemmed from a legitimate parasailing accident in 1990 that forced Beefcake to undergo reconstructive surgery to his face. He was unable to wrestle again until the February 15, 1993, episode of Raw. He faced DiBiase in his return match, after which DiBiase and Schyster attacked him. DiBiase held Beefcake for Schyster to hit him in the face with a briefcase, but Jimmy Hart, who managed Money Inc., repeatedly got in the way before Schyster shoved him out of the ring. Schyster then hit Beefcake in the face with the briefcase. Hart later claimed that he felt the need to \"step up and do the right thing\" and that he \"had a change of heart\", and his intervention led to him becoming a babyface, or crowd favorite. Shortly thereafter, Hulk Hogan made his return to the WWF and joined with Beefcake, and manager Jimmy Hart, to form The Mega-Maniacs and challenge Money Inc. for the WWF Tag Team Championship.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 2087711, 38293140, 301775, 985535, 2083330, 344293, 30864960, 3830968, 692665, 1211198, 557667, 301775, 2087711 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 33 ], [ 35, 50 ], [ 55, 65 ], [ 71, 93 ], [ 94, 104 ], [ 106, 117 ], [ 122, 140 ], [ 156, 166 ], [ 505, 515 ], [ 521, 528 ], [ 827, 835 ], [ 876, 886 ], [ 972, 988 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Mr. Perfect's rivalry with Bobby Heenan dated back to Survivor Series (1992). Perfect and Ric Flair were managed by Heenan, but Perfect turned on Flair and Heenan by agreeing to face them as part of a tag team match at Survivor Series. Flair feuded briefly with Perfect but left the company to return to World Championship Wrestling. Lex Luger had joined Vince McMahon's World Bodybuilding Federation, but he signed with McMahon's WWF when the bodybuilding company failed. He made his debut at Royal Rumble 1993, where he was unveiled as Heenan's latest wrestler, Narcissus (although the ring name was changed to \"The Narcissist\" Lex Luger).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 469610, 1453397, 5943114, 332287, 186694, 272874, 303951, 3349451, 844984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 27, 39 ], [ 54, 76 ], [ 90, 99 ], [ 304, 332 ], [ 334, 343 ], [ 355, 368 ], [ 371, 400 ], [ 588, 597 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Undertaker's feud with Giant Gonzalez was an offshoot of The Undertaker's feud with manager Harvey Wippleman. The Undertaker defeated Kamala, who was managed by Wippleman, at SummerSlam 1992. A rematch was held at Survivor Series 1992, and The Undertaker beat Kamala in a coffin match. Wippleman vowed revenge, and he introduced Gonzalez at Royal Rumble 1993 and instructed him to attack The Undertaker. The Undertaker was eliminated from the Royal Rumble match as a result of the interference, and a match was scheduled between The Undertaker and Giant Gonzalez for WrestleMania IX.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 345792, 1179023, 1862795, 1654795, 5676624, 63995 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 27, 41 ], [ 96, 112 ], [ 138, 144 ], [ 179, 194 ], [ 276, 288 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Beginning with his debut with the company in 1992, Yokozuna was pushed by the WWF as an unstoppable monster heel. Weighing over 500 pounds, he used the Banzai Drop, a move in which he jumped from the second rope and sat on his opponent's chest, to defeat several of the WWF's biggest stars. In a notable match on the February 6, 1993, episode of WWF Superstars of Wrestling, Yokozuna attacked \"Hacksaw\" Jim Duggan and performed the Banzai Drop four times. Due to the kayfabe injuries from the attack, Duggan was unable to wrestle for over two months. Yokozuna earned a title shot against WWF Champion Bret Hart by winning the 1993 Royal Rumble match. During the contract signing, Yokozuna attacked Hart and performed the Banzai Drop on him.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 690037, 849472, 994264, 1596654, 630463, 303089 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 59 ], [ 64, 70 ], [ 152, 163 ], [ 403, 413 ], [ 588, 600 ], [ 601, 610 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before the televised broadcast began, Tito Santana defeated Papa Shango in a dark match, which became available for viewing on April 4, 2019 in the Hidden Gems section on WWE Network and is also notable as the WWE debut of Jim Ross on commentary. In the first match of the pay-per-view event, WWF Intercontinental Champion Shawn Michaels was accompanied to the ring by a new valet, Luna Vachon. Sensational Sherri followed Tatanka to the ring to prevent Vachon from getting involved in the match. During the match, Vachon approached Tatanka twice outside the ring, but Sherri was able to intervene and stop Vachon from interfering. Tatanka spent much of the match trying to injure Michaels with an armbar hold. Michaels gained the advantage and almost pinned Tatanka with a victory roll, but Tatanka escaped the pin attempt and performed a war dance to channel his energy. Michaels threw Tatanka out of the ring and tried to jump at him to attack, but Tatanka moved. Michaels was unable to return to the ring within ten seconds; he pulled the referee out of the ring. Tatanka was awarded the victory by countout but did not win the championship because titles can only change hands as a result of pinfall or submission. Vachon attacked Sherri after the match by pulling her off the ring apron and delivery a devastating clothesline, body slam and kicks to the ribs. Tatanka had to help Sherri make it back to the dressing rooms; however, she would be attacked again at the first aid station by Vachon, who choked her, hit her head against a wall, and dropped a machine on top of her and then Vachon was arrested by security.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 1604392, 591648, 3830968, 1883213, 474578, 1428043, 5534832, 24864, 24864, 1033826 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 50 ], [ 60, 71 ], [ 77, 87 ], [ 382, 393 ], [ 698, 704 ], [ 774, 786 ], [ 1043, 1050 ], [ 1103, 1111 ], [ 1208, 1218 ], [ 1320, 1331 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the next match, The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) faced The Headshrinkers (Samu and Fatu). The advantage switched back and forth several times, as the Steiners threw The Headshrinkers with several suplex variations and used their aerial abilities to attack their opponents from the ring ropes. The Headshrinkers relied mainly on using their power to wear down the Steiners. At one point, Fatu picked Rick Steiner upon his shoulders so that Samu could attack Rick from the top rope. Rick caught Samu instead and performed a bodyslam on Samu from Fatu's shoulders. The match ended when Scott Steiner performed a Frankensteiner to pin Samu and win the match.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 640399, 467964, 994264 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 220, 226 ], [ 546, 554 ], [ 633, 647 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Crush attacked Doink the Clown outside the ring prior to the next match. After getting Doink inside the ring, Crush used his strength advantage to overpower Doink. Doink gained the advantage but missed two attacks from the top rope. Crush used more power moves to wear down Doink, and Doink tried to crawl under the ring. Crush forced Doink back into the ring and performed the Cranium Crunch, a head vice submission hold, on Doink. Doink pulled himself to the ropes and broke the hold. Doink hit the referee and knocked him unconscious; as a result of this staged ref bump, a second Doink the Clown (portrayed by Steve Keirn) was able to interfere. He hit Crush with a prosthetic arm, which enabled the first Doink to win by pinfall when the referee regained consciousness.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 474578, 3830968, 2270680 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 378, 392 ], [ 565, 573 ], [ 614, 625 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Razor Ramon faced Bob Backlund next. Ramon used his power to dominate the majority of the match, but Backlund used hip tosses to attempt a comeback. Ramon won the match in under four minutes by pinning Backlund with a small package.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 439253, 11202077, 467964, 1428043 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 18, 30 ], [ 115, 125 ], [ 218, 231 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the following match, Money Inc. (Ted DiBiase and Irwin R. Schyster) defended their WWF Tag Team Championship against The Mega-Maniacs (Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake). Beefcake wore a protective titanium facemask because of his injured face, and Hulk Hogan came to the ring with a black eye, which led the announcers to speculate about the cause. Money Inc. gained the early advantage, but DiBiase soon injured himself by hitting Beefcake's mask. Hogan and Beefcake brawled with their enemies and controlled the match until Money Inc. was counted out. Referee Earl Hebner announced, however, that he would strip them of their title if they did not return to the ring and continue the match. DiBiase returned to the ring and rendered Hogan unconscious with the Million Dollar Dream chokehold. Beefcake attacked DiBiase by applying a sleeper hold and then turned his attention to Schyster, but DiBiase hit him in the back with Schyster's briefcase. Money Inc. attacked Beefcake and removed his facemask, but Beefcake fought back and applied a sleeper hold to Schyster. The referee was accidentally knocked unconscious, and Hogan recovered and attacked both members of Money Inc. with Beefcake's facemask. He tried to make the cover for a pinfall, but the referee still unconscious. Manager Jimmy Hart turned his jacket inside-out to reveal a striped referee jacket; he made the three-count and declared The Mega-Maniacs the winners of the match. Referee Danny Davis came to the ring and disqualified Hogan for using the facemask as a weapon. Money Inc. won the match and retained their championship, but The Mega-Maniacs threw them out of the ring and opened Schyster's briefcase to reveal stacks of cash. They celebrated in the ring and threw the money into the crowd.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 2087711, 674490, 474578, 474578, 3830968, 2181038 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 120, 136 ], [ 563, 574 ], [ 763, 783 ], [ 835, 847 ], [ 1379, 1390 ], [ 1455, 1466 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lex Luger was accompanied to the ring by four women dressed in bikinis as he prepared to face Mr. Perfect. The match began with technical wrestling, and Perfect tried to injure Luger's knee while Luger worked on Perfect's back. Perfect took control of the match with a powerslam and tried to pin Luger after performing a dropkick from the top rope. Luger's foot was on the ropes, however, so the referee halted the three-count and continued the match. Luger gained momentum and pinned Perfect; Perfect's feet were on the rope, but the referee did not see them. Luger continued to attack Perfect after the match and hit him with his forearm, which contains a steel plate as the result of a legitimate motorcycle accident. When Perfect got up, he chased Luger but was attacked by Shawn Michaels backstage.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 1658766 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 321, 347 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the next match, The Undertaker faced Giant Gonzalez. Both men tried to use their size and power to control the match. Gonzalez used a reverse chinlock to wear The Undertaker down and attacked him outside the ring. The Undertaker regained control of the match and knocked Gonzalez onto his knees. Harvey Wippleman threw Gonzalez a rag soaked with chloroform, which Gonzalez used to knock The Undertaker unconscious. The referee disqualified Gonzalez for using a foreign object and awarded the match to The Undertaker. After the match, The Undertaker recovered and attacked Giant Gonzalez.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 474578, 82933 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 137, 153 ], [ 349, 359 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the main event and final scheduled match on the card, Bret Hart defended the WWF Championship against Yokozuna. Hart tried to use his technical wrestling abilities against Yokozuna, while Yokozuna relied on his size advantage in the match. Hart gained control at the beginning, but Yokozuna came back with a clothesline, leg drop, and nerve hold. Hart regained the advantage when Yokozuna missed a running splash. Yokozuna applied another nerve hold but missed a running splash again. He recovered and carried Hart to the middle of the ring, but Hart removed the protective padding on the turnbuckle in the corner of the ring. He threw Yokozuna's head into the turnbuckle and applied the Sharpshooter, his signature submission hold that stretches the opponent's legs and back. Mr. Fuji, Yokozuna's manager, threw salt in Hart's eyes, which enabled Yokozuna to pin Hart and win the WWF Championship.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 1033826, 3241133, 474578, 1033826, 632827, 860845, 1690702 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 311, 322 ], [ 324, 332 ], [ 338, 348 ], [ 401, 415 ], [ 592, 602 ], [ 691, 703 ], [ 780, 788 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In an impromptu main event and the final match on the card, Hulk Hogan came to ring to check on Hart's condition. Hogan had stated during an interview earlier in the broadcast that he wanted to face the winner of the match, and Fuji challenged Hogan to face Yokozuna immediately in an impromptu bout. Hogan agreed and entered the ring. Fuji tried to throw salt in Hogan's eyes, but he missed and the salt hit Yokozuna. Hogan performed a leg drop and pinned Yokozuna to win the title in 22 seconds.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The event was attended by 16,891 fans, who paid a total of $1,100,000 in admission fees. This represents less than one-third of the number of fans at WrestleMania VIII, which had an attendance of 62,167. The pay-per-view drew a 2.3 buyrate, which was lower than the previous year's 2.8 buyrate. It was higher, however, than the buyrates for any of the following four WrestleManias.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 1446176 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 150, 167 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IX received overwhelmingly negative reviews. The event has received criticism for what some reviewers have perceived as a poorly booked event. Writing for SLAM! Wrestling, John Powell states that, aside from the Intercontinental and Tag Team Championship matches and the scantily-clad women that accompanied Lex Luger to the ring, the rest of the broadcast was poor. He is also critical of some of the outfits worn for the event, notably Jim Ross's toga and Giant Gonzalez's spray-painted suit. Reviewing the event for Online Onslaught, Adam Gutschmidt claims that several of the matches flowed poorly and had ill-conceived conclusions. He also claims that the match between Giant Gonzalez and The Undertaker was a \"dud\" and that Hulk Hogan's ego made the conclusion the \"worst WrestleMania ending ever\". RD Reynolds, owner of the website WrestleCrap, has inducted the event into the site's list of \"the very worst in pro wrestling\". He cites Giant Gonzalez, Papa Shango, Luger's \"narcissist\" gimmick, and Jim Ross wearing a toga as his reasons for including the event in the list.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 2012782, 878761 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 168, 183 ], [ 852, 863 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WWE places two events from WrestleMania IX in its top 50 WrestleMania moments: Bobby Heenan's entrance on the camel, which the company calls \"one of the most hilarious moments in WWE history\", and Hulk Hogan's title victory. Matt Anoa'i, who wrestled for WWE as Rosey, and was the brother of Roman Reigns, cousin of Yokozuna, Samu and Fatu, has identified The Headshrinkers performing a double splash on Scott Steiner at this event as his favorite moment at WrestleMania.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 665872, 4373640 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 225, 236 ], [ 292, 304 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania IX was released on VHS by Coliseum Video. It was then released as part of the WWF's WrestleMania: The Collection (1985–1997) box set in 1997. The video was re-released six years later in March 1999. That month, it was also released as part of the WWF's WrestleMania: The Legacy box set. It was also released on DVD for WWE's History of WrestleMania I-IX box set on September 14, 2004.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 52124, 3554614 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 35 ], [ 39, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the United Kingdom, the event was released on VHS on July 5, 1993. Packaged together with WrestleMania X, it was released on DVD for the WWE Tagged Classics series on May 8, 2006.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 31717, 1257566, 9985468 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 21 ], [ 93, 107 ], [ 140, 159 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A feud began between Shawn Michaels and Mr. Perfect after WrestleMania IX as a result of Michaels attacking Perfect. They faced each other at SummerSlam 1993, and Michaels won by countout after his new bodyguard, Diesel attacked Perfect. Perfect then feuded with Diesel until leaving the WWF.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 5676629, 439260 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 142, 157 ], [ 213, 219 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Money Inc. lost the WWF Tag Team Championship to the Steiner Brothers on June 14, 1993. Money Inc. won the belts back in a rematch on June 16, but the Steiners won them again three days later. Money Inc. received several rematches but were unable to regain the title; they soon focused on singles competition, and DiBiase retired at the end of August.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Undertaker continued to feud with Harvey Wippleman. On the June 12, 1993, episode of WWF Superstars of Wrestling, Wippleman, Giant Gonzalez, and Mr. Hughes attacked The Undertaker, and his manager Paul Bearer, and stole the urn that was said to be the source of his power. The Undertaker and Giant Gonzalez faced each other one final time at SummerSlam 1993 in a Rest in Peace match, in which neither wrestler could be disqualified. The Undertaker won the match to end the feud. After the match, a frustrated Gonzalez choke slammed Wippleman to the delight of the fans and turned face in the process.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 2400794, 766221, 63995, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 149, 159 ], [ 201, 212 ], [ 367, 386 ], [ 577, 588 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Bret Hart later claimed that during a conversation with Vince McMahon, he was told that Hulk Hogan refused to drop the WWF Championship to him. However, Hulk Hogan stated that, during a conversation with Vince McMahon, a deal was made for Hogan to drop the belt to the top heel at the time, Yokozuna, at the following King of The Ring. All three men eventually wound up in a meeting, where McMahon outlined the plan to have Hogan drop the belt to Yokozuna and denied telling Bret that Hogan refused to drop the championship to him.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "After regaining the title, Yokozuna challenged any American athlete to bodyslam him on the deck of the USS Intrepid on July 4, 1993. After many challengers failed, Lex Luger arrived by helicopter and bodyslammed Yokozuna. Luger became a fan favorite and changed his gimmick to an American patriot. He faced Yokozuna for the WWF Championship at SummerSlam 1993; he won the match by count-out but did not win the title. Lex Luger and Bret Hart each earned a title match against Yokozuna the following year at WrestleMania X. Luger was disqualified in his match, but Hart won the championship later that night.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 245903, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 103, 115 ], [ 266, 273 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Official Website of WrestleMania IX", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " WrestleMania IX at Profightdb", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1993_in_Nevada", "1993_WWF_pay-per-view_events", "April_1993_events_in_the_United_States", "Caesars_Palace", "Events_in_Paradise,_Nevada", "Professional_wrestling_in_the_Las_Vegas_Valley", "WrestleMania" ]

[ "WrestleMania 9" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Bridgetown occupies the left bank of the Dart in the town of Totnes, Devon, England.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1637752, 285369, 37978, 8166 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 33 ], [ 41, 45 ], [ 61, 67 ], [ 69, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "It resulted from the first bridge being built across the river for the town. The river is in a valley, with Bridgetown on the south eastern slopes opposite Totnes.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "St John's Church, Bridgetown is the Church of England facility for the area and is part of the parish of Totnes with Bridgetown, There is also a village hall, two large grassy play areas, a dental surgery, a farm, a butcher, two small corner shops, a Chinese takeaway, one public house, which includes its own brewery, Longmarsh a riverside walk also used for military training, a rowing club, a caravan park and a veterinary clinic.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 65673754, 5955, 326234, 24578 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 28 ], [ 36, 53 ], [ 259, 267 ], [ 273, 285 ] ] } ]

[ "Villages_in_Devon", "Totnes" ]

[ "Bridgetown, Devon" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Heart Mountain is a mountain located in the Bow River valley just south of Exshaw, Alberta. The peak was named in 1957 for the heart shaped layer of limestone near the top.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 37754, 565137, 1436451, 717, 36808 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 28 ], [ 44, 53 ], [ 75, 81 ], [ 83, 90 ], [ 127, 132 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The summit can be reached by following the northwest ridge starting from the Heart Creek Trail. It is an easy scramble with one moderate step. Being in the front ranges and only an hour from Calgary, it sees many visitors year-round. A circuit route can be completed by following the ridge line as it circles left and then descends to Quaite Creek.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 15895358 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 193, 200 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of mountains of Canada", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 5669248 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] } ]

[ "Two-thousanders_of_Alberta", "Alberta's_Rockies" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "__NOTOC__", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Sodere () a spa town in central Ethiopia. Located approximately 25 kilometres south of Adama and 120 kilometres southeast of Addis Ababa in the East Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1466 metres above sea level. It is one of five settlements in Nannawa Adama.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 124347, 187749, 1447425, 52593, 5117944, 503738, 8722077 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 20 ], [ 32, 40 ], [ 87, 92 ], [ 125, 136 ], [ 144, 159 ], [ 167, 180 ], [ 308, 321 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sodere lies alongside the Awash River and features lush, shady vegetation. Vervet monkeys and Warthogs live on the resort grounds. Crocodiles and, less frequently, hippos may be seen in the nearby Awash River.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1696861, 216226, 658106, 12540866, 37882, 37764, 1696861 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 37 ], [ 63, 73 ], [ 76, 89 ], [ 95, 103 ], [ 132, 141 ], [ 165, 171 ], [ 198, 209 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The hot springs resort, popular for its therapeutic effects, is located outside the town. An Olympic size swimming pool, reportedly empty during the week, is a popular draw for weekenders from Addis Ababa. Other features include a full-service restaurant, and a hotel and conference center.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "The spa facilities", "target_page_ids": [ 67060, 24022, 226434, 26437, 14276, 3447769 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 15 ], [ 40, 51 ], [ 93, 119 ], [ 244, 254 ], [ 262, 267 ], [ 272, 282 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The resort was developed by the Ethiopian government, and was in operation by 1963. During the mid-1990s, Sodere was the site of peace talks between several factions vying for control of Somalia. The journalist Abdullahi Dool commented that \"Any serious Somali who reads the outcome of this last meeting at the Ethiopian resort or the previous ones, would just laugh at the names and clan organizations these people are said to 'represent'.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "The spa facilities", "target_page_ids": [ 27358 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 187, 194 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Sodere has an estimated total population of 1,867 of whom 992 are men and 875 were women. The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 1,042 of whom 538 were men and 504 women.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Demographics", "target_page_ids": [ 4242861 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "United Nations Security Council - press release regarding Somalian peace initiatives in Sodere", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Spa_towns_in_Ethiopia", "Populated_places_in_the_Oromia_Region" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "WrestleMania VII was the seventh annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on March 24, 1991, at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles, California. Fourteen matches were shown during the live broadcast, with one dark match held before the event.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 24864, 101733, 47146440, 62676, 768322, 18110, 538871, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 52 ], [ 53, 75 ], [ 76, 88 ], [ 95, 100 ], [ 117, 143 ], [ 200, 233 ], [ 237, 260 ], [ 301, 305 ], [ 326, 336 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The main event saw Hulk Hogan defeat Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF Championship as part of a storyline in which Sgt. Slaughter portrayed an Iraqi sympathizer during the United States' involvement in the Gulf War. Significant events on the undercard included The Undertaker's WrestleMania debut and the beginning of his renowned winning streak, a retirement match between Randy Savage and The Ultimate Warrior leading to the former's reuniting with estranged love Miss Elizabeth, as well as the final televised match of the original Hart Foundation, after which Bret Hart became primarily a singles wrestler.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 301775, 251954, 630463, 3830968, 182000, 345792, 44830459, 552897, 684397, 259765, 30873010, 303089 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 29 ], [ 37, 51 ], [ 60, 76 ], [ 90, 99 ], [ 200, 208 ], [ 255, 269 ], [ 312, 339 ], [ 368, 380 ], [ 385, 405 ], [ 460, 474 ], [ 529, 544 ], [ 558, 567 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania is considered the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) flagship pay-per-view (PPV) event, having first been held in 1985. It is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. It was the first of the WWF's original four pay-per-views, which includes Royal Rumble, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, which were eventually dubbed the \"Big Four\". WrestleMania VII was originally scheduled to be held on March 24, 1991, in Los Angeles, California at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, but the WWF decided to move the event to the adjacent Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 62676, 101733, 896839, 518916, 697071, 848251, 18110, 637441, 768322 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 31, 57 ], [ 84, 96 ], [ 136, 140 ], [ 268, 280 ], [ 282, 292 ], [ 298, 313 ], [ 435, 458 ], [ 466, 495 ], [ 551, 584 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The WWF's stated reason for the venue change was that it had security concerns in the wake of Sgt. Slaughter's portrayal of an Iraqi sympathizer during the Gulf War. This was dismissed by outlets such as SLAM! Sports of Canada, who chalked up the venue change to poor advanced ticket sales, and the company having difficulty filling the estimated 100,000 seats available. According to former WWF executive Bruce Prichard, both were accurate statements. In his Something to Wrestle With podcast, Prichard said that even if the WWF had sold out the Coliseum, the scope of the event was too large for police to ensure its security. Prichard explained further in an interview with Kayfabe Commentaries that the WWF would have had to foot the entire bill for the amount of security necessary to keep the wrestlers and fans safe from all potential issues, citing both the possibility of an outside attack and the crime rate of the surrounding neighborhood. Dave Meltzer in the Wrestling Observer Newsletter wrote that between 11,900 and 15,000 tickets were sold before the move. He also reported that no tickets had to be refunded, indicating that sales were under 15,500. Comp tickets were believed to help fill the show's crowd.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 251954, 182000, 1849889, 2020834, 2776725 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 94, 108 ], [ 156, 164 ], [ 406, 420 ], [ 951, 963 ], [ 971, 1000 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The tagline for the event was \"Superstars and Stripes Forever,\" and is remembered for its theme of American patriotism in the wake of the Gulf War. American flags were hung all over the arena and the ring apron and banners were colored red, white, and blue, which was the basis for the main event between Hulk Hogan and Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF Championship.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 301775, 251954, 630463 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 305, 315 ], [ 320, 334 ], [ 343, 359 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "This was the first WrestleMania not to feature Jesse Ventura as a color commentator. Gorilla Monsoon hosted the event with Bobby Heenan. When Heenan had to manage at ringside in the opening match and again during Mr. Perfect's Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship defense, Monsoon was joined on the commentary by Jim Duggan and \"Lord\" Alfred Hayes respectively. In addition, Regis Philbin helped with commentary on the main event while Alex Trebek served as the ring announcer.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 65521, 1467285, 1453397, 469610, 722875, 1596654, 2282527, 20325855, 312251 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 60 ], [ 85, 100 ], [ 124, 136 ], [ 214, 225 ], [ 228, 269 ], [ 319, 329 ], [ 341, 353 ], [ 381, 394 ], [ 442, 453 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Willie Nelson sang a rendition of \"America the Beautiful\" before the show. Other celebrity guests in attendance for WrestleMania VII included Philbin, Trebek, and Marla Maples as backstage announcers. George Steinbrenner, Paul Maguire, Macaulay Culkin, Donald Trump, Lou Ferrigno, Chuck Norris, Beverly D'Angelo and Henry Winkler appeared as spectators. Bob Costas was scheduled to make an appearance, but he canceled weeks before the event due to his objection to the main event angle.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 149709, 651, 473806, 287250, 329079, 212860, 4848272, 18685, 162617, 701611, 406877, 4893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 35, 56 ], [ 163, 175 ], [ 201, 220 ], [ 222, 234 ], [ 236, 251 ], [ 253, 265 ], [ 267, 279 ], [ 281, 293 ], [ 295, 311 ], [ 316, 329 ], [ 354, 364 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The artist for the promotional poster is renowned illustrative painter Joe Jusko known mainly for his work within the comic book industry.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1212, 20557129, 19689857 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 10 ], [ 31, 37 ], [ 71, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Randy Savage required surgery on a broken thumb in late January before the event. The injury required him to miss several matches leading up to WrestleMania.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The two main feuds entering WrestleMania in 1991 were between Hulk Hogan and WWF Champion Sgt. Slaughter and The Ultimate Warrior and \"Macho King\" Randy Savage, and in a way, both were intertwined.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 301775, 251954, 684397, 552897 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 72 ], [ 91, 105 ], [ 110, 130 ], [ 135, 160 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Warrior had defeated Hogan for the WWF Championship at WrestleMania a year earlier and entered 1991 as the champion. In the meantime, Sgt. Slaughter had returned to the WWF near the end of 1990 after spending five years wrestling in the American Wrestling Association. When he returned, Slaughter announced that he had turned his back on his country and had become an Iraqi sympathizer and follower of Saddam Hussein. He had also revealed an alliance with an Iraqi military leader, General Adnan, who became his advisor (Adnan having followed Slaughter from the AWA to participate in the angle). This coincided with the increasing tension in the Middle East that was going on at that time, which eventually would lead to Operation Desert Storm and American involvement in the conflict. Slaughter would eventually set his sights on the Warrior, and the two agreed to a match at the Royal Rumble in January 1991.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 305306, 7515928, 29490, 1925638, 182000, 5828383 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 237, 267 ], [ 368, 372 ], [ 402, 416 ], [ 482, 495 ], [ 721, 743 ], [ 881, 893 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savage, meanwhile, was trying to regain the WWF Championship that he had lost at WrestleMania V to Hogan and challenged Warrior repeatedly to give him a shot. Warrior continually refused to do so and Savage decided to seek another remedy. During the match between Warrior and Slaughter, Savage and his manager Queen Sherri came to ringside and got involved in the match. Warrior picked up an interfering Sherri and tossed her from the ring onto Savage. Slaughter capitalized by driving Warrior down, leaving him hanging over the second rope. Savage then struck Warrior with his royal scepter as Slaughter kept the referee's attention, knocking the champion unconscious. Slaughter then hit an elbow drop on the Warrior and pinned him to become the new champion. After he came to and realized what Savage had done, Warrior charged to the back looking for Savage. He then issued a challenge for a retirement match for the two at WrestleMania, which Savage accepted.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1446064, 1210702, 26052054 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 81, 95 ], [ 310, 322 ], [ 584, 591 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hogan, having no connection with the ongoing story to this point, entered the Royal Rumble match as its defending champion. He won the match by eliminating his old rival Earthquake last, then went backstage to be interviewed by Gene Okerlund. During the course of the interview, the word was relayed to the two that Slaughter and Adnan were celebrating their triumph by defacing an American flag. Hogan then promised to stand up for his country and take the title from Slaughter as soon as possible, and was later named the #1 contender for the WWF Championship, which he had not contended for since losing the title to the Warrior at WrestleMania VI.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1640251, 2030612, 1446093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 170, 180 ], [ 228, 241 ], [ 635, 650 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Leading up to the show, Hogan continued to cite the ongoing real-life war in their feud. On one episode of WWF Prime Time Wrestling, Hogan stated that Iraq would surrender in the war at the moment he defeated Slaughter.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 2449537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 107, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During the match between Savage and the Warrior, Miss Elizabeth was spotted in the crowd. During the course of the match, cameras kept cutting to her as she grew concerned for Savage's well-being. Despite taking five of Savage's flying elbow drops, Warrior won the match after hitting the Macho King with three jumping shoulder blocks and forced Savage to retire. After the match, Sherri came into the ring and attacked Savage, which prompted Elizabeth to charge into the ring and fight off the former Queen and save Savage. Shocked to see what Elizabeth had done for him, Savage had an emotional reunion with his former manager and held the ring ropes open for her so she could exit, turning Savage into a face for the first time in over two years.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 259765, 557667 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 63 ], [ 707, 711 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The official attendance of WrestleMania VII held at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena was 16,158. Meltzer reported that the paid attendance was approximately 10,500.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Undertaker's victory debut at the event marked the beginning of his undefeated WrestleMania streak. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 345792, 44830459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 72, 102 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Backstage as Hogan was being interviewed on his victory over Sgt. Slaughter, Slaughter attacked Hogan by throwing a fireball in his face. Hogan quickly recovered from the attack and defended the belt primarily against Slaughter, largely in \"Desert Storm\" (i.e., no-disqualification) matches. He also had to deal with the returning Iron Sheik, who was now competing as Colonel Mustafa. Hogan and the Ultimate Warrior eventually teamed up at SummerSlam 1991, defeating Slaughter, Mustafa, and their manager, General Adnan, in a two-vs.-three handicap match.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 363161, 5676613 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 331, 341 ], [ 440, 455 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Savage returned to television in a non-wrestling role as a color commentator for the WWF's flagship syndicated program, Superstars; although a fan favorite to the crowd, much of his commentary was heel-leaning. Meanwhile, the storyline with Miss Elizabeth continued, culminating with Savage proposing to her in the ring leading to an on-air wedding at SummerSlam 1991 dubbed The Match Made in Heaven. (The wedding was kayfabe, as Savage and Elizabeth were already legally married.)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 2281699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 120, 130 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Virgil and Ted DiBiase feuded with each other until November 1991, including facing off at SummerSlam 1991 when DiBiase lost his Million Dollar Belt to Virgil. After DiBiase won his belt back in November with the help of The Repo Man (formerly Smash of Demolition), their feud ended at the This Tuesday in Texas PPV when DiBiase and Repo Man defeated Virgil and Tito Santana in a tag team match.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 2052947, 344293, 576942, 2419632, 1604392 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 6 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 221, 233 ], [ 290, 311 ], [ 362, 374 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Genichiro Tenryu and Kōji Kitao were on loan from the Japanese promotion Super World of Sports. The WWF co-promoted several cards in Japan with the group, including two Tokyo Dome shows on March 30 and December 12, 1991. Although SWS folded in June 1992, Tenryu's follow-up promotion, WAR, co-promoted the WWF's first Japanese tour in 1994.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 1932236, 2418269, 730535, 680412, 2320490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ], [ 21, 31 ], [ 73, 94 ], [ 169, 179 ], [ 285, 288 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After WrestleMania VII, The Hart Foundation disbanded. Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart went into singles competition. Bret Hart went on to singles success, defeating Mr. Perfect for the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship at SummerSlam 1991, and later in 1992 would win the WWF Championship when he defeated Ric Flair in his father's home town of Saskatoon in Saskatchewan, Canada. Neidhart would later in 1991 form a tag team called \"The New Foundation\" with Hart's younger brother Owen.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 30873010, 303089, 888715, 469610, 332287, 351953, 178796, 26840, 5069921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 43 ], [ 55, 64 ], [ 69, 81 ], [ 161, 172 ], [ 313, 322 ], [ 330, 336 ], [ 352, 361 ], [ 365, 377 ], [ 488, 492 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Official Website of WrestleMania VII", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "WrestleMania", "Professional_wrestling_in_Los_Angeles", "1991_in_Los_Angeles", "Events_in_Los_Angeles", "1991_WWF_pay-per-view_events", "March_1991_events_in_the_United_States" ]

[ "WrestleMania 7" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Anil Kakodkar (born 11 November 1943) is an Indian nuclear physicist and mechanical engineer. He was the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India and the Secretary to the Government of India, he was the Director of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay from 1996 to 2000. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honour, on 26 January 2009.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 22153, 6850406, 553883, 2122657, 402412 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 58 ], [ 121, 154 ], [ 180, 199 ], [ 228, 257 ], [ 305, 320 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Apart from playing a major role in India's nuclear tests asserting sovereignty, Kakodkar champions India's self-reliance on thorium as a fuel for nuclear energy.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 30044 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 124, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kakodkar was born on 11 November 1943 in Barwani princely state (present day Madhya Pradesh state) to Kamala Kakodkar and Purushottam Kakodkar, both Gandhian freedom fighters. He had his early education at Barwani and at Khargone, until moving to Mumbai for post-matriculation studies.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 903630, 682496, 47945, 22859095, 69316839, 903630, 19189 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 48 ], [ 49, 63 ], [ 77, 91 ], [ 122, 142 ], [ 149, 157 ], [ 206, 213 ], [ 247, 253 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Kakodkar graduated from Ruparel College, then from VJTI, University of Mumbai with a degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1963. He joined the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in 1964. He obtained a master's degree in experimental stress analysis from the University of Nottingham in 1969.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Early life", "target_page_ids": [ 5041709, 564968, 501079, 25086027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 39 ], [ 51, 55 ], [ 57, 77 ], [ 258, 282 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He joined the Reactor Engineering Division of the BARC and played a key role in design and construction of the Dhruva reactor, a completely original but high-tech project. He was a part of the core team of architects of India's Peaceful Nuclear Tests in 1974 and 1998. Further he has led the indigenous development in India's Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor Technology. He worked in the rehabilitation of the two reactors at Kalpakkam and the first unit at Rawatbhata, which at one stage were on the verge of being written off.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 4055229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 111, 125 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1996 he became Director of the BARC and since 2000 he has been leading the Atomic Energy Commission of India and also is the secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy. He has published over 250 scientific papers.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He believes that India should be self-reliant in energy, especially by use of the cheap national thorium resources. He continues to engage in designing the Advanced Heavy Water Reactor, that uses thorium-uranium 233 as the primary energy source with plutonium as the driver fuel. The unique reactor system, with simplified but safe technology, will generate 75 per cent of electricity from thorium.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Kakodkar is a member of many boards, commissions, and other organizations. Some of them are:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Chairman, Board of Governors of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay – 2006–15.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Chairman, Board of Directors of Maharashtra Knowledge Corporation Limited, Pune (current).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Member, Atomic Energy Commission", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Member, ONGC Energy Centre Trust", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Chairman, empowered committee on IIT reforms", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Presently updated April-2014 he is serving as a director on the central board of Reserve Bank of India.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [ 277069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 104 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He is a Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering and served as its president during 1999–2000.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [ 14901841 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, India and the Maharashtra Academy of Sciences.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [ 6434121, 9603817 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 48 ], [ 98, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He is a member of the—International Nuclear Energy Academy and Honorary member of the World Innovation Foundation. He was member of the International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group (INSAG) during 1999–2002", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He is on the board of Governors of VJTI, Mumbai", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [ 564968, 19189 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 39 ], [ 41, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He will head Rail safety committee as per Rail budget speech by Railway Minister in 2012", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He is chairman Rajiv Gandhi Science and Technology Commission, Government of Maharashtra, Mantralaya, Mumbai.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He is chairman of steering and monitoring committee of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (incubation) Centre, a network of 11 engineering and medical institutes for medical device innovation.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [ 60534976 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He is chairperson of Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other positions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Padma Shri in 1998", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 442893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Padma Bhushan in 1999", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 413714 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Padma Vibhushan in 2009", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 402412 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Highest civilian award of the Maharashtra state-Maharashtra Bhushan Award (2011–2012)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 25289580 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Highest civilian award of the Goa state-Gomant Vibhushan Award (2010)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 43578042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hari Om Ashram Prerit Vikram Sarabhai Award (1988)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "H. K. Firodia Award for Excellence in Science and Technology (1997)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 19260992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Rockwell Medal for Excellence in Technology (1997)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "FICCI Award for outstanding contribution to Nuclear Science and Technology (1997–98)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [ 4636576 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 5 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "ANACON – 1998 Life Time Achievement Award for Nuclear Sciences", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Indian Science Congress Association's H. J. Bhabha Memorial Award (1999–2000)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Godavari Gaurav Award (2000)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Dr. Y. Nayudamma Memorial Award (2002)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Chemtech Foundation's Achiever of the Year Award for Energy (2002)", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Gujar Mal Modi Innovative Science and Technology Award in 2004.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Homi Bhabha Lifetime Achievement Award 2010.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Acharya Varahmihir Award (2004) by Varahmihir Institute of Scientific Heritage and Research, Ujjain (M.P.), India", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Awards", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Biography", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Atomic Energy Commission of India", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1943_births", "Living_people", "Marathi_people", "University_of_Mumbai_alumni", "Alumni_of_the_University_of_Nottingham", "Indian_mechanical_engineers", "Indian_physicists", "Engineers_from_Madhya_Pradesh", "Fellows_of_the_Indian_Academy_of_Sciences", "Indian_nuclear_physicists", "Recipients_of_the_Padma_Bhushan_in_science_&_engineering", "Recipients_of_the_Padma_Vibhushan_in_science_&_engineering", "Nuclear_technology_in_India", "Recipients_of_the_Padma_Shri_in_science_&_engineering", "Recipients_of_the_Maharashtra_Bhushan_Award", "Mechanical_engineers", "20th-century_Indian_engineers", "People_from_Barwani" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Owlman is the name of several fictional characters who appear in comic books published by DC Comics. The characters are villainous alternate-universe counterparts of Batman since owls prey on bats.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6231, 9105, 4335, 37654, 23538713 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 65, 75 ], [ 90, 99 ], [ 166, 172 ], [ 179, 183 ], [ 192, 196 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Owlman first appeared in Justice League of America #29 (August 1964), and was created by Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Publication history", "target_page_ids": [ 99940, 77709, 2390331 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 50 ], [ 89, 100 ], [ 105, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Originally, Owlman is a super-intelligent supervillain whose real name was never given. He was created as an evil counterpart to Batman. He is a member of the criminal organization known as the Crime Syndicate of America, who originated and operated on the reverse Earth-Three. In some of the pre-Crisis Crime Syndicate appearances, the Earth-Three Owlman also had the ability to briefly control other people's minds, though it is unclear how he acquired this ability. When he was knocked out, his sub-conscious mind was able to remain active enough for him to say a word enabling him to travel to Earth-Three. He was also able to see in the dark. In the Syndicate's first travel between Earths, they met the JLA and JSA, but were defeated and imprisoned between Earth-1 and Earth-2 by Green Lantern. Later the time travelling villain Per Degaton released them as part of his plan to take over Earth-2 by stealing nuclear missiles from the Cuban Missile Crisis of Earth-Prime. When the Syndicate betrayed him, they were sent to 1982 as he had made sure this would happen when they touched him. When he was defeated, these events were erased from existence.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 99212, 4335, 706853, 2920270, 73678, 3152883, 6827, 1641211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 54 ], [ 129, 135 ], [ 194, 220 ], [ 265, 276 ], [ 786, 799 ], [ 835, 846 ], [ 940, 960 ], [ 964, 975 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The pre-Crisis Earth-Three Owlman and all members of his Crime Syndicate were killed during the Crisis on Infinite Earths maxi-series at the hands of the Anti-Monitor from a wave of antimatter destroying pre-Crisis Earth-Three.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 75813, 1132799 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 96, 121 ], [ 154, 166 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During the Convergence storyline, Owlman was with the Crime Syndicate when they tried to free Superwoman from death row. After their mission failed and the domes fell around the cities, Owlman shied himself away from the battles.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 44542304 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Owlman character was revived (along with his teammates) in the late 1990s for modern DC continuity in the graphic novel Earth 2. This Owlman was developed to be reflective of the modern readers with a far darker attitude and background than either of the two Earth-Three depictions. On antimatter Earth, Owlman was now Thomas Wayne Jr., the older brother of that reality's Bruce Wayne. In most mainstream DC universes, Batman's genesis occurred when young Bruce Wayne was witness to the murder of his parents, and was inspired to devote his life to fighting crime.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In the antimatter universe, however, young Bruce was killed along with his mother, while his brother and father survived, with Thomas Jr. growing up to be Owlman. Equipping himself with a utility belt containing technology and weapons similar to those used by Batman along with possessing a drug-enhanced high intellect (devoted to crime rather than serving the law), Owlman became a master criminal and an ally to Boss Gordon (the antimatter Earth's version of James Gordon) and underboss Lucius Fox. Later, he learned that his father Thomas Wayne, Sr. was still alive and had become the chief of police in their world's version of Gotham City, gathering a cadre of police officers who did not give in to the rampant corruption which infested their version of Earth. Thomas Jr. blames his father for the deaths of his mother and brother and it is strongly hinted that the main purpose to his criminal career is to punish his father, who is well aware of who he is and is equally determined to destroy his own son. During his visit to the \"main\" DC Universe, upon discovering the Waynes' graves, he states that nothing matters because \"he's dead\", and that there is no one left to hurt, referring to Thomas Wayne, Sr. and collapses to his knees in despair in front of his father’s grave.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 673964, 1018316, 764281, 13090 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 462, 474 ], [ 490, 500 ], [ 589, 604 ], [ 633, 644 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "While antimatter Clark Kent (as Ultraman) is the leader of the Syndicate, Thomas Jr. (as Owlman), is the real brains behind the group. The working relationship between the two is extremely tense, due to Ultraman's desire to rule the planet through fear and violence clashing with Owlman's more pragmatic desire to allow dissent and rebellion to run rampant (going so far as to funding opposition towards the Syndicate) in order to provide himself and his allies in the Syndicates enemies to fight. Further complicating things is the fact that Thomas Jr. has carried on a longtime affair with Ultraman's wife Superwoman. Ultraman is aware of the affair, but due to Thomas Jr. having undisclosed photographic blackmail material against the villain, he is unable to seek retribution against Owlman for the betrayal. Though Ultraman does fire warning beams in between them if he catches them romancing each other when he is around.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 1189124, 1266342 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 40 ], [ 608, 618 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In JLA: Earth 2, the antimatter Alexander Luthor, a heroic version of Lex Luthor, makes a reference to Owlman's \"drug-enhanced\" cerebral cortex, although this version of Owlman does not demonstrate any superhuman powers. Presumably, Thomas Jr. merely uses some sort of drug to enhance his mental capacity though it is not specifically stated how powerful his mental powers are or how they are enhanced through such artificial means. Thomas Jr. and his antimatter Crime Syndicate allies appeared in the weekly Trinity series, starting with issue #9. The \"Weaponers of Qward\" had attacked their Earth, killing millions and tearing apart the landscape. The Syndicate had kidnapped hundreds of innocent people from all 52 realities, including what appeared to be Jimmy Olsen, but was later revealed to be his anti-matter duplicate. It is unclear if Thomas Jr. allows the JLA to win in order to get the heroes off his source Earth and counterattack after they depart, or if he was actually defeated.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 18595, 15682340, 250972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 80 ], [ 509, 516 ], [ 759, 770 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the continuity following DC's 2011 reboot, Owlman is one of the members of the Crime Syndicate to arrive from Earth-3 at the conclusion of the \"Trinity War\" event. He is a crime lord on Earth-3 and became Owlman after his butler Alfred Pennyworth (who was later responsible for forming the Secret Society of Super Villains) murdered his family. He is shown to have disdain for his parents due to his mother's abusive nature and his cowardly father killing his patients as a surgical fetish showing no remorse. Alfred also caused the death of his brother Bruce. Unlike him, Bruce loved their parents. He would later try to replace Bruce with a young acrobat Dick Grayson, whose parents he got murdered, in order to later make him his partner Talon. Talon was later murdered by Earth-3's version of Joker. During the Forever Evil storyline, where he travels to Earth Prime, he claims control of all crime in Gotham and joins the rest of the Crime Syndicate in the fight against Batman and his allies. Owlman later accompanies Superwoman to Arkham Asylum where they spring its inmates and capture Nightwing. In the final battle against the Crime Syndicate, Owlman joins the Crime Syndicate into fighting the Justice League and Lex Luthor's team. In the aftermath of the battle, Owlman is mentioned to still be at large. He reappears at LexCorp after the events of Forever Evil. A deal takes place between him and Lex Luthor, which involves Luthor providing him with Superwoman's child in return for Owlman's help in defeating the Anti-Monitor.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 32020267, 706853, 2920270, 39725252, 569484, 2372443, 369214, 98301, 39583796, 1132799 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 44 ], [ 82, 97 ], [ 113, 120 ], [ 147, 158 ], [ 232, 249 ], [ 293, 325 ], [ 660, 672 ], [ 800, 805 ], [ 818, 830 ], [ 1530, 1542 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the Anti-Monitor and Darkseid are destroyed in battle as seen in the Darkseid War storyline, Owlman fled by teleporting using the Mobius chair since Ultraman and Superwoman were killed in battle. Later, Owlman appears on the moon where he was trained by Metron who was the previous owner of the Mobius chair. When Owlman accesses the secrets of the universe, he is vaporized with a flash of blue light by an unknown entity. Owlman and the rest of the Syndicate were resurrected on Earth-3 as the multiverse \"healed\" from the events of Metal, with no memories of the events of Forever Evil. They joined the forces of Perpetua along with other evil alternate Justice Leagues the New Reichsmen, Unjustice League of Unamerica, Blood League and Justice Lords to remake the multiverse in her image, using Earth-3 and its population as a giant amplifier to channel energy from the Dark Multiverse into Perpetua. However, Owlman was sceptical of Perpetua's true aims, and was also jealous of The Batman Who Laughs, as he believed he was the true dark reflection of Batman. While the Syndicate battled a team of heroes from various worlds in the multiverse, Owlman talked with John Stewart, who revealed that there had been multiple Owlmen before him. Owlman was overjoyed at this, as every version of the multiverse had had its own Owlman, he believed that he would always survive in some form as long as the multiverse existed. He killed Ultraman and Superwoman to let the heroes escape, then blew up his own world, declaring that he was immortal.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 65893340, 2004845, 720155, 559313, 2524537, 2805437, 4419217, 58896734, 1972625 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 87 ], [ 260, 266 ], [ 411, 428 ], [ 684, 697 ], [ 699, 728 ], [ 730, 742 ], [ 747, 760 ], [ 991, 1012 ], [ 1175, 1187 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The New 52 Owlman was proven correct, as following the reboot of the multiverse after Death Metal a new Earth-3 and Owlman are created. When Thomas Wayne Jr. was a child, his parents and brother Bruce were killed by Harvey Bullock. He spent years training to bring justice to his family's killers, swearing to follow a code against killing or using the tactics of criminals. He was inspired to take the name Owlman when an owl clawed his face. In 2012 he captured Bullock, intending to hand him over to the police to serve a life sentence in prison. Bullock recognises Owlman as Thomas Wayne Jr. and tries to bargain for his life by revealing that his parents were criminals who worked for Boss Gordon and tried to usurp his empire, killing his son in the process. Bullock was ordered to kill the Waynes in retribution. After learning the truth, Owlman became nihilistic and renounced his code, dropping Bullock from the top of Wayne Tower to his death.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 4335, 1982193, 673964 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 196, 201 ], [ 217, 231 ], [ 691, 702 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Owlman ensures his existence is a mere unconfirmed rumour, murdering anyone who takes a picture of him. He is the leader of a murderous vigilante group known as the Talons who hunt criminals in Gotham City, assisted by his gun-toting butler Alfred. Owlman is suicidal but does not wish to kill himself, he therefore seeks out dangerous opponents who may be able to kill him. Despite his desire to die he fights to the best of his abilities and studies his enemies to determine their weaknesses. When the Starro Collective invaded Earth, Owlman devised a strategy to defeat them and revealed himself to the world. His strategy failed although Superwoman would defeat the Starros by murdering their queen. Following the Starro invasion, Alexander Luthor begins recruiting metahumans into a Legion of Justice. Owlman, Superwoman and Ultraman form an alliance to counter him. To further limit Luthor's ability to act against them, he sues LexCorp through Wayne Enterprises subsidiaries to drive down their stock price, then purchases a large number of shares in the company and joins its board of directors.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Fictional character biography", "target_page_ids": [ 569484, 2194759, 18595, 145143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 241, 247 ], [ 504, 521 ], [ 735, 751 ], [ 788, 805 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A Qward weaponer, wearing the same costume as the dead pre-Crisis Earth-Three Owlman, appeared one time alongside of a full replacement Qward Crime Syndicate team. This Qward Owlman was easy to identify versus the original human pre-Crisis Earth-Three Owlman due to his warped face and enlarged eyes.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 52 Week 52, an alternate version of the pre-Crisis Earth-Three was shown as a part of the new Multiverse. In the depiction were characters that are evil versions of the original Justice Society of America, including Batman. The names of the characters and the team are not mentioned in the two panels in which they appear, but the altered Batman is visually similar to Owlman. Based on comments by Grant Morrison, this alternate universe is not the pre-Crisis Earth-Three, making this a new character unrelated to previous versions.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [ 3008225, 144367, 4335, 362093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 5 ], [ 181, 207 ], [ 219, 225 ], [ 401, 415 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In The Search for Ray Palmer: Crime Society, this reality is stated to be Earth-3, separate from the pre-Crisis Earth-Three reality and an older Owlman is shown with a young sidekick called Talon, who is dressed parallel to Dick Grayson's Robin. The current young Talon had a relationship with Duela Dent, the daughter of his greatest foe, the Jokester, as shown in the Teen Titans series. Based on statements and illustrations in this same book, it is stated that one of earlier Talons succeeded the old Owlman in a manner parallel to the way that Wayne as Batman was succeeded by Grayson in the role of Batman for a period of time, as he was shown killed by the Jokester on page 22 of this book with the Jokester's boot on his throat. A young Owlman with a different costume and helmet later appears the same book battling the Jokester. It is not specified who the old Owlman is, though his face is clearly shown in panel. The old Owlman's exact birth identity was not specified.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [ 2920270, 8058681, 369214, 99372, 5257280, 36438468, 301382 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 74, 81 ], [ 190, 195 ], [ 224, 236 ], [ 239, 244 ], [ 294, 304 ], [ 344, 352 ], [ 370, 381 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "This young Owlman with the different costume and helmet appears again in issue #31 of Countdown — assisted by a team referred to as the Crime Society. This young Owlman is specifically stated to be Owlman and the Todd of Earth-3 by Bob the Monitor who fights the Todd of New Earth. New Earth Todd is aided by his own traveling companions, Kyle Rayner and Donna Troy, against the other members of the post-Crisis Earth-3 Crime Society, including a young Ultraman and Spectre counterpart in panel.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [ 9619089, 1257784, 1849559, 145261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 86, 95 ], [ 339, 350 ], [ 355, 365 ], [ 466, 473 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the absence of Batman, the Outsiders have been joined by a new Owlman. A \"Trick or Treat\" tease from the October 2008 edition of DC Nation (\"The Owl and the Butler are the Same Person\") hinted that it would be Alfred Pennyworth behind the mask. However, in Outsiders Special #1 (2009), it appeared to be Roy Raymond Jr., that would become Owlman. This is confirmed in Outsiders (vol. 4) #15 (February 2009), where Raymond does become Owlman, with equipment left for that purpose by Batman.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [ 714179, 569484, 3127495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 39 ], [ 213, 230 ], [ 307, 322 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, a man who claims himself to be Thomas Wayne Jr. of Prime Earth first appears in Batman (vol. 2) #1. He claims he was Bruce's younger brother, born prematurely as the result of an attempt on Martha Wayne's life by the Court of Owls. He survived and was sent to be cared for in the Willowwood Home for Children. Shortly thereafter, the Waynes were murdered, and he claims to have been left in Willowwood. Without the Waynes' funding, the home deteriorated from the premier children's hospital in the area to a mental institution where sick children were abused by the staff; he claims to have endured this treatment until he was taken in by the Court of Owls and raised as their pawn. Though he claims that the Court was previously setting him up to succeed the Wayne family's legacy, Bruce Wayne's sudden reappearance and return to Gotham resulted in the Court to bestow him the identity of Lincoln March. Lincoln March would grow to become one of the top members of the Court in the following years.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [ 32020267, 4844849, 36075127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 29 ], [ 268, 280 ], [ 295, 308 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In his false identity as a mayoral candidate, Lincoln March was present at the first attempt on Bruce Wayne's life by one of the Court's Talon assassins. The Court told him he could watch Bruce's assassination, though he and the Court did not know that Bruce was Batman at the time. Lincoln then assassinated several members of the Court by poisoning, not before orchestrating his own murder. It is revealed that he survived by taking a dose of the regenerative compound which the Court of Owls used to resurrect their Talons, and had decided to lure Batman to the abandoned building of Willowwood for a final confrontation. Before engaging Batman in a fight, he equipped himself with a powered suit of armor; in which it was originally intended as a modern suit for Talons to combat the \"new threat\" that Batman posed, until it was abandoned in favor of strengthening the Talons with their regenerative compound. After a lengthy brawl, he was ultimately caught in an explosion meant for Batman, although no body was found in the wreckage.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bruce later found evidence that he indeed had a brother who was born prematurely as a result of a car accident at the intersection of Lincoln and March but he had only lived for twelve hours. He had also discovered that weeks later, an orphan child had been admitted in Willowwood with characteristics similar to his deceased brother but who Bruce believes was raised to believe he was Thomas Jr., though without the body or DNA to analyze, he could not confirm its truth. Nevertheless, Bruce confided in Dick Grayson his belief that his parents would have told him if he had a brother, and that the circumstantial evidence he discovered could easily have been used by the Court to convince Lincoln of the authenticity of his \"true\" identity.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "At the conclusion of Batman Eternal, when Cluemaster unmasks himself as the person responsible for the recent systematic attacks on Batman and his family, he is about to shoot Bruce in the head when March walks up behind him and slits his throat, revealing that he funded Cluemaster's actions using the resources of the apparently-deceased Court of Owls with the intention of stepping in and killing Bruce, intending to leave his body out in public while March retreats into the shadows, reasoning that Bruce's death at the hands of an unknown foe would forever end the 'myth' of Batman. Despite being battered and exhausted from the long assault, Bruce assembles a makeshift costume from rags and stands against March in downtown Gotham just as Jim Gordon rallies the people of Gotham to stand up and take back their city by fighting in Batman's name. Finding himself faced with the entire Bat-family, March is forced to retreat, but is caught by the surviving members of the Court and put into suspended animation, the Court musing that they may let him out again in a decade if they decide they need him.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [ 41670650, 945457 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 35 ], [ 42, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before the events of Robin War, March is reanimated by the Court of Owls. March reveals he has a plan to obtain the Gray Son and has the Court of Owls bring forth the events of Robin War to accomplish his plan. Initially, he blackmails Damian Wayne in becoming the Court's new Gray Son, but he reveals to Dick Grayson that it was all a ruse in order to get Grayson to March and make him the Gray Son. Revealing that an explosive device has been placed within Damian as leverage, Dick has no choice but to join the Court of Owls, and publicly announces to the newly expanded, international Parliament of Owls that he is not Robin. Having successfully obtained the Gray Son, Lincoln March addressed the Parliament of Owls as they decided to cast aside their connection to Gotham's Court of Owls and discard their white masks and replace them with black ones. While preaching about his new role in the Parliament, March is killed by Raptor, one of the Parliament's assassins, who reveals that both he and the Parliament have decided that March's own desires have become too much of a hindrance.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [ 47225543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Joker broke into the Tomb of the Unworthy. He found a coffin that has Lincoln March inside it. Joker uses a serum that he took from the Court of Owls. Joker injected the serum into Lincoln's neck and wakes Lincoln up. Joker told Lincoln to kill Batman. Lincoln and a group of Talons attacked Batman and Two-Face. Batman battled Lincoln March and defeated him by freezing him. Two-Face and his followers were able to defeat the group of Talons.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Alternative versions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Owlman appears in the The Brave and the Bold episodes \"Deep Cover for Batman!\" and \"Game Over for Owlman!\", voiced by Diedrich Bader. This version is the leader of the Injustice Syndicate. Owlman uses a Phase Oscillator device to travel to Batman's universe, but is defeated and briefly captured. While Batman travels to his universe, Owlman escapes and disguises himself as the former to frame Batman for committing various crimes, only to be defeated by Batman and the Joker and returned to his own universe.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In other media", "target_page_ids": [ 923299, 706853, 98301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 119, 133 ], [ 169, 188 ], [ 472, 477 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Owlman appears in Crisis on Two Earths, voiced by James Woods. This version is a nihilistic and calculating strategist and martial artist who is in a relationship with Superwoman. Additionally, he possesses a powerful exoskeleton built into his suit that grants a degree of superhuman strength and durability. After discovering the multiverse, he becomes obsessed with the idea that nothing matters as, no matter what decision a person makes, an alternate version of them will make the opposite choice. In light of this development, he repurposes one of the Crime Syndicate's superweapons and searches for Earth Prime, the foundation of all Earths in the multiverse, with the intention of destroying it along with reality, believing that it would be the only choice that would matter. He nearly succeeds, but is foiled by Batman, sent to a frozen Earth, and chooses to die in the explosion of his weapon.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In other media", "target_page_ids": [ 168576, 1266342, 14116843, 1641211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 62 ], [ 169, 179 ], [ 333, 343 ], [ 607, 618 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Owlman appears in DC Universe Online as part of the Earth-3 DLC.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In other media", "target_page_ids": [ 18298754, 2920270 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 37 ], [ 53, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Owlman appears in Lego DC Super-Villains, voiced by Jason Marsden.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In other media", "target_page_ids": [ 57560706, 191007 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 41 ], [ 53, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " While Owlman never appears in the animated series The Batman, he was due to appear in a future issue of the spin-off comic The Batman Strikes! before it was cancelled.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In other media", "target_page_ids": [ 1241786, 1241786 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 61 ], [ 124, 143 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " An unrelated prior use of the Owlman name occurs in Batman #107, \"The Grown-Up Boy Wonder!\" (April 1957). Dick Grayson is exposed to a strange gas and wakes up the next morning a fully-grown, adult man. Due to his Robin costume now being too small, he dons an owl costume and becomes the Owlman. He works with Batman to stop a trio of former circus acrobats-turned criminals called the Daredevils, but is later reverted to his teenage body and resumes being Robin.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In other media", "target_page_ids": [ 369214 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 107, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cosmic Teams: Crime Syndikate", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " DCU Guide: Owlman I", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " DCU Guide: Owlman II", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Villains_in_animated_television_series", "Characters_created_by_Gardner_Fox", "Characters_created_by_Mike_Sekowsky", "Comics_characters_introduced_in_1964", "DC_Comics_martial_artists", "DC_Comics_supervillains", "Fictional_blade_and_dart_throwers", "Fictional_business_executives", "Fictional_characters_from_parallel_universes", "Fictional_dictators", "Fictional_drug_addicts", "Fictional_inventors", "DC_Comics_male_supervillains", "Fictional_mass_murderers", "Fictional_nihilists", "Video_game_bosses", "Batman_characters" ]

[ "Thomas Wayne II", "Thomas Wayne Jr", "Lincoln March" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Konstantinos \"Kostas\" Chalkias (; born 30 May 1974) is a retired Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Previously he had played for Panathinaikos, Apollon Smyrni, Iraklis, Portsmouth, Real Murcia, Aris, PAOK and Panachaiki.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 10568, 5348091, 1053145, 6638269, 4221322, 564301, 1944449, 25625594, 887670, 33643201 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 71, 81 ], [ 98, 108 ], [ 139, 152 ], [ 154, 168 ], [ 170, 177 ], [ 179, 189 ], [ 191, 202 ], [ 204, 208 ], [ 210, 214 ], [ 219, 229 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He was also capped 32 times by the Greece national team, with whom he won Euro 2004. He also was selected at the next two European Championships and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 722668, 372770, 168079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 55 ], [ 74, 83 ], [ 153, 172 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Chalkias started his career in the Panathinaikos youth academy in the 1994–95 double winning team. He was transferred to feeder club Apollon Athens in 1996 as a replacement for retired Antonis Minou, signing a five-year professional contract. His solid performances helped Apollon avoid relegation from Alpha Ethniki and made him return to Panathinaikos two years later, in 1998. However, he did not get any playing time at Panathinaikos by his head coach Vasilis Daniil and in January 1999 he was re-sent to Apollon on loan for six months. After his return, he was forced to play third keeper to the legendary Jozef Wandzik and Greek legend Antonis Nikopolidis. He made a total of 25 starts over the next three years between 1998 and 2001 for Panathinaikos and was transferred for two seasons to Iraklis before good performances led to a return to Panathinaikos in the 2003–04 season. After playing second fiddle again to Nikopolidis during most of the 2003–04 season, he was allowed back into the first team after a dispute Nikopolidis had with management.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Club career", "target_page_ids": [ 1053145, 6638269, 14408308, 2192576, 28946125, 7461646, 988984, 4221322 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 48 ], [ 133, 147 ], [ 185, 198 ], [ 303, 316 ], [ 456, 470 ], [ 611, 624 ], [ 642, 661 ], [ 797, 804 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "At the end of the 2003–04 season, Nikopolidis was let out on a free transfer to bitter rivals, Olympiakos, and a new keeper was bought, Mario Galinovic. After a fight for first team football, eventually Galinovic won out and due to overseas interest, Chalkias was shipped out to English side Portsmouth F.C. in January 2005, making his debut in the FA Cup fourth round tie away at fierce rivals Southampton. Over the next few matches Chalkias's wild tactics and inconsistency led to some poorly conceded goals, and he was soon dropped and replaced by Jamie Ashdown. With the signing of Sander Westerveld in July 2005, Chalkias fell even further down the pecking order, and in January 2006 he left Portsmouth by mutual consent, having made only five league appearances for the club. Shortly after his release from Portsmouth he joined Segunda División side Real Murcia.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Club career", "target_page_ids": [ 1229550, 2543702, 564301, 11237, 81576, 1241592, 907076, 5152226, 1944449 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 95, 105 ], [ 136, 151 ], [ 292, 307 ], [ 349, 355 ], [ 395, 406 ], [ 551, 564 ], [ 586, 603 ], [ 834, 850 ], [ 856, 867 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Chalkias was bought in the summer transfer window of 2006 by Aris Thessaloniki, who were then newly promoted to the Greek Superleague. After his transfer to Aris, Chalkias regained some of the form that he showed during his bright run in the first team for Panathinaikos and after an exceptional season, he was recalled το the national team and gained a starting spot over Antonis Nikopolidis after the latter's poor performance earlier in a Euro 2008 qualifying match against Turkey.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Club career", "target_page_ids": [ 25625594, 2192576, 988984, 2868934, 743577 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 78 ], [ 116, 133 ], [ 373, 392 ], [ 442, 468 ], [ 477, 483 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Chalkias left Aris in late May 2008 after his contract was due to run out and on 28 May 2008 he agreed to sign a two-year contract for rivals PAOK, thus becoming the third player to have played for the all three major clubs of Thessaloniki (Iraklis, Aris, PAOK) following Apostolos Tsourelas and Stefanos Borbokis.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Club career", "target_page_ids": [ 887670, 40471, 21144786 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 142, 146 ], [ 227, 239 ], [ 296, 313 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the 2009–10 season he reached the second position with PAOK and the semifinal of the Greek cup. In January 2010 he renewed his contract with PAOK for two more years. Chalkias has contributed to the qualification of PAOK the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round, after winning the preliminaries against AEK Athens, Olympiakos and Aris Thessaloniki F.C.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Club career", "target_page_ids": [ 18255941, 990655, 1229550, 25625594 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 227, 256 ], [ 321, 331 ], [ 333, 343 ], [ 348, 370 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 22 September 2012, Chalkias announced his retirement from football.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Club career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "After four years of inactivity, he returned to the football for the Greek team Panachaiki.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Club career", "target_page_ids": [ 33643201 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Chalkias made his debut on 10 November 2001, in a friendly 4–2 home win against Estonia, as he replaced Antonis Nikopolidis at half time. In the summer 2004 he was part of the squad which won Euro 2004, although he was only the reserve 'keeper. Otto Rehhagel called him also for the qualification of Euro 2008. Chalkias played as the first goalkeeper for the Greece national team during most of the qualification for the World Cup 2010, after the retirement of the legendary goalkeeper Antonis Nikopolidis and he is the only goalkeeper from the Euro 2004.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "International career", "target_page_ids": [ 988984, 372770, 753750, 722668, 988984, 372770 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 104, 123 ], [ 192, 201 ], [ 245, 258 ], [ 359, 379 ], [ 486, 505 ], [ 545, 554 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Euro 2012 Chalkias was the oldest player at the tournament at 38 years of age and one of just three players remaining from the victorious 2004 Greek squad. On 12 June 2012, he started the second group stage match against Czech Republic – at the 21st minute of the match, and having conceded two goals in 6 minutes, he was substituted with Michalis Sifakis due to injury. After Greece's lost quarterfinal to Germany on 22 June, a game which Chalkias watched from the bench, he announced his withdrawal from the national team alongside Nikos Liberopoulos.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "International career", "target_page_ids": [ 2182477, 729739, 10401568, 250204, 4376046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 12 ], [ 224, 238 ], [ 342, 358 ], [ 410, 417 ], [ 537, 555 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Notes", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Career statistics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Panathinaikos", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Alpha Ethniki: 1995–96, 2003–04", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 2192576, 8051151, 7998508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 15, 22 ], [ 24, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Greek Cup: 2003–04", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 2399781, 21434618 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ], [ 11, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Aris", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Greek Cup runner-up: 2007–08", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 2399781, 12948397 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ], [ 21, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Panachaiki", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Gamma Ethniki: 2016–17", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 40175690, 51497736 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ], [ 15, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Greece", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "European Championship: 2004", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 249510, 372770 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 21 ], [ 23, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "PAOK MVP of the Season: 2008–2009", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 887670 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Profile at PAOK's official website", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1974_births", "Living_people", "Footballers_from_Larissa", "Greek_footballers", "Association_football_goalkeepers", "Greece_international_footballers", "UEFA_European_Championship-winning_players", "UEFA_Euro_2004_players", "2005_FIFA_Confederations_Cup_players", "2010_FIFA_World_Cup_players", "UEFA_Euro_2008_players", "UEFA_Euro_2012_players", "Apollon_Smyrnis_F.C._players", "Portsmouth_F.C._players", "Panathinaikos_F.C._players", "Aris_Thessaloniki_F.C._players", "Iraklis_Thessaloniki_F.C._players", "PAOK_FC_players", "Panachaiki_F.C._players", "Real_Murcia_players", "Premier_League_players", "Super_League_Greece_players", "Gamma_Ethniki_players", "Segunda_División_players", "Greek_expatriate_footballers", "Greek_expatriate_sportspeople_in_England", "Expatriate_footballers_in_England", "Greek_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Spain", "Expatriate_footballers_in_Spain" ]

[ "Konstantinos \"Kostas\" Chalkias" ]

[ { "plaintext": "WrestleMania VIII was the eighth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on April 5, 1992, at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana. Nine matches were shown during the live broadcast, with one dark match occurring before the event.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 24864, 101733, 47146440, 62676, 752310, 57707, 538871, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 52 ], [ 53, 75 ], [ 76, 88 ], [ 95, 100 ], [ 117, 143 ], [ 199, 211 ], [ 215, 236 ], [ 273, 277 ], [ 298, 308 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The card included two main events, both of which shared the official promotional poster. In the first, WWF Champion Ric Flair defended his title against Randy Savage, and in the second, Hulk Hogan faced Sid Justice. As a consequence of the double main event, WrestleMania VIII carried two taglines rather than the usual one, those being \"The Macho/Flair Affair!\" and \"Friendship Torn Apart!\" WrestleMania VIII would also be the first time since the inaugural WrestleMania that the closing match was not contested for the WWF Championship.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 630463, 332287, 552897, 301775, 690045, 630463 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 33 ], [ 103, 115 ], [ 116, 125 ], [ 153, 165 ], [ 186, 196 ], [ 203, 214 ], [ 521, 537 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Notable matches on the undercard included WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion Roddy Piper defending against Bret Hart, and WWF Tag Team Champions Money Inc. defending against The Natural Disasters.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 16704555, 722875, 405184, 303089, 985535, 2083330, 2083417 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 32 ], [ 42, 83 ], [ 84, 95 ], [ 114, 123 ], [ 129, 151 ], [ 152, 162 ], [ 181, 202 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania is considered the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) flagship pay-per-view (PPV) event, having first been held in 1985. It is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. It was the first of the WWF's original four pay-per-views, which includes Royal Rumble, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, which were eventually dubbed the \"Big Four\". WrestleMania VIII was scheduled to be held on April 5, 1992, at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 62676, 101733, 896839, 518916, 697071, 848251, 752310, 57707 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 31, 57 ], [ 84, 96 ], [ 136, 140 ], [ 268, 280 ], [ 282, 292 ], [ 298, 313 ], [ 428, 440 ], [ 444, 465 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Country Singer Reba McEntire sang a rendition of \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" before the show. Family Feud host Ray Combs was a guest ring announcer for the eight-man tag match. The commentators for the event were Gorilla Monsoon and Bobby Heenan. After being the lead commentator for the previous seven WrestleManias (he was a commentator for the Chicago part of WrestleMania 2 alongside Gene Okerlund and Cathy Lee Crosby), this would be the last Wrestlemania to feature Monsoon as a commentator and it would also mark the first and only Wrestlemania PPV that Monsoon and Heenan called the entire event. Monsoon and Heenan had been the commentators for Wrestlemania VII the previous year, but at the time Heenan was still managing in the WWF and for two matches on the card when he was required to be at ringside he was replaced in the booth by Hacksaw Jim Duggan and Lord Alfred Hayes respectively.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 209066, 31064, 153689, 395604, 9532306, 1467285, 1453397, 6886, 903325, 2030612, 2103028, 1446160, 1596654, 2282527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 28 ], [ 50, 74 ], [ 93, 104 ], [ 110, 119 ], [ 132, 146 ], [ 212, 227 ], [ 232, 244 ], [ 346, 353 ], [ 362, 376 ], [ 387, 400 ], [ 405, 421 ], [ 653, 669 ], [ 845, 863 ], [ 868, 885 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A scheduled match between The British Bulldog and The Berzerker did not take place due to time constraints. The finish to the Justice-Hogan match actually did not occur as planned. The original plan was for Hogan to hit the leg drop on Justice and for Papa Shango to do a run in and break up the pin causing a disqualification. However, Papa Shango either missed or misjudged his cue and was late in getting down to the ring causing Justice to have to improvise by kicking out of the leg drop. From there, Earl Hebner would disqualify Justice when his manager, Harvey Wippleman, interfered. The Ultimate Warrior made a surprise return at the show's conclusion, saving Hogan from an attack by Justice and Shango. The Legion of Doom were originally supposed to be the challengers for the WWF Tag Team Championship but Hawk was under suspension until after WrestleMania (LOD, with their long time manager Paul Ellering, appeared at WrestleMania for an interview with Gene Okerlund). The Legion of Doom were replaced in the Tag Team title match by The Natural Disasters (Earthquake and Typhoon).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 690262, 1897563, 591648, 1862795, 684397, 348166, 2026184, 2030612, 2083417, 1640251, 868722 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 45 ], [ 50, 63 ], [ 252, 263 ], [ 561, 577 ], [ 591, 611 ], [ 816, 820 ], [ 902, 915 ], [ 964, 977 ], [ 1044, 1065 ], [ 1067, 1077 ], [ 1082, 1089 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The original plan for the main event was the long-awaited bout between Ric Flair and Hulk Hogan for the WWF Championship, the meeting between the two legends was even promoted on television in a mock press conference where WWF President Jack Tunney had announced Hogan as the number one contender to Flair's WWF Championship. Both Flair and Hogan had wrestled against each other in several house show matches and a televised tag match, but not in a televised main event singles match. WrestleMania VIII was changed to a double main event with Hogan wrestling Sid Justice, while Flair wrestled Randy Savage. For storyline purposes, Sid Justice lobbied to wrestle Hulk Hogan due to tensions starting between the two at that year's Royal Rumble, where Hogan was eliminated by Sid Justice. This maneuver on Sid's part led Hogan to helping rival Ric Flair eliminate Justice and then win not only the Royal Rumble but the WWF Championship in the process. This would make Ric Flair only the second man to win both the WWF and NWA World Heavyweight Titles, the first being the original \"Nature Boy\", Buddy Rogers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 2937761, 565664 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 237, 248 ], [ 1092, 1104 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Hulk Hogan-Sid Justice match was also billed as Hogan's \"last match\", when in actuality, Hogan took a hiatus, due to the steroid scandal which was beginning to emerge in the news media.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "At the time the company had a \"no blood\" policy. Nonetheless, Ric Flair was caught blading directly on camera and was fined several thousand dollars. Although Bret Hart also bladed, he was discrete enough that it was considered an accident, and no fine was levied.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 683269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 83, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In one of his first appearances in the WWF, Shane McMahon was one of the backstage officials who attempted to keep Miss Elizabeth away from ringside during the Flair/Savage match. He then restrained Savage in the ensuing brawl after the contest.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 304169, 259765 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 57 ], [ 115, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Critics praised the Intercontinental Championship match between Piper and Hart. Thomas Golianopoulos of Complex Sports ranked it at number 15 in his list of the 50 Greatest Matches in WrestleMania History, describing it as \"A stiff match that veers from amateur wrestling to all-out street fight with a great finish.\" Golianopoulos also ranked the Flair vs. Savage match at number 19 on the same list, praising the in-ring psychology despite an abrupt finish. On the other hand, Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter gave the Hogan/Justice main event negative two stars, citing their lackluster performance and the late entry of Papa Shango, which necessitated a hastily rewritten ending. The main event was also ranked by Youtube wrestling channel Cultaholic as the worst WrestleMania main event of all time in their 2019 ranking of every WrestleMania Main Event, while saying that the WWF Championship Match between Flair and Savage should've been the main event in their 2020 list of 10 WrestleMania Matches That Closed The Show.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Savage's primary opponent during the spring and summer of 1992 was Ric Flair, with the storyline over Flair's alleged past relationship with Elizabeth continuing to play a major factor. It was revealed later in WWF Magazine that the photos that Flair had shown of himself with Elizabeth were fakes, and that they were actually of Savage and Elizabeth. In real life, Savage and Elizabeth were about to separate, and did, with Elizabeth making her final WWF appearance on April 19, 1992 at the UK Rampage pay-per-view. WrestleMania VIII marked Elizabeth's last major pay-per-view appearance in the United States for the WWF.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 5923725, 98214, 56207709 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 211, 223 ], [ 402, 410 ], [ 493, 503 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Although Savage and Flair continued feuding, the Elizabeth aspect was dropped from the storyline, and the former couple's divorce was finalized in September 1992. Savage briefly addressed the divorce in an issue of WWF Magazine, but it was otherwise not mentioned in kayfabe.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Shawn Michaels began receiving his first major push as a main-event singles competitor, as he would challenge Randy Savage for the WWF Championship in Europe, while challenging Bret Hart for the WWF Intercontinental Championship in the United States, while occasionally teaming with Ric Flair in tag team matches against Hart and Savage. Michaels eventually won the WWF Intercontinental Championship from The British Bulldog (who had won the title from Hart at the SummerSlam event in London, England in August) in October.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 5676624, 17867, 9316 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 465, 475 ], [ 485, 491 ], [ 493, 500 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hogan and Piper both took hiatuses from the ring following WrestleMania VIII. Roberts left the company and would return four years later, using a \"born-again Christian\" gimmick. Sid Justice was largely unsuccessful in post-WrestleMania matches against the Ultimate Warrior and The Undertaker and eventually left the company, returning in 1995.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Official Website of WrestleMania VIII", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Events_in_Indianapolis", "WrestleMania", "1992_in_Indiana", "Professional_wrestling_in_Indianapolis", "1992_WWF_pay-per-view_events", "April_1992_events_in_the_United_States" ]

[ "WrestleMania 8" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Ananda Shiv Prasad (1928 – February 5, 2022) was an Indian-born American doctor specialising in the role of zinc in the human metabolism.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 34420, 20374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 108, 112 ], [ 126, 136 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Prasad was born in Buxar, Bihar, British Raj in 1928. He studied first at Patna Medical College in Bihar, before going on to take his doctorate at the University of Minnesota. He worked in Iran before moving to the United States, joining Wayne State University, Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, in 1963 as an assistant professor of medicine and director of haematology. He held the latter post until 1984, and later served as director of research for the Department of Internal Medicine.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 8650982, 442482, 4208015, 19414529, 188886, 416813, 41304897, 3434750, 302260, 8687, 95029, 18859, 63564 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 24 ], [ 26, 31 ], [ 33, 44 ], [ 74, 95 ], [ 134, 143 ], [ 151, 174 ], [ 189, 193 ], [ 215, 228 ], [ 238, 260 ], [ 262, 269 ], [ 271, 283 ], [ 285, 293 ], [ 357, 368 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "His main area of research has been the role of trace elements in the human body. He is regarded as the foremost researcher on zinc metabolism, and has received several honors, including a mastership from the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 235175, 1428265, 1428265 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 60 ], [ 208, 238 ], [ 239, 276 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Prasad died on February 5, 2022, at the age of 94.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Wayne State University Press Release", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " January 24, 2007 WSU Prognosis Headlines", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1928_births", "2022_deaths", "20th-century_Indian_medical_doctors", "Indian_biochemists", "Medical_doctors_from_Bihar", "People_from_Buxar_district", "University_of_Minnesota_alumni", "Wayne_State_University_faculty" ]

[ "Ananda Shiv Prasad", "Ananda S. Prasad" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Summit Lake may refer to several places:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Saskatchewan), a lake in Saskatchewan", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 70156106 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Alberta), a lake in Alberta", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 32658700 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of lakes named Summit Lake in British Columbia (includes some details about several other Summit Lakes in British Columbia, in addition to those listed immediately below)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26222886 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alta Lake (British Columbia) or Summit Lake", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 17925018 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gates Lake or Summit Lake, Southern Interior", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 17687220 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Crooked River), Central Interior", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 22992111 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Vancouver Island)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 32869296 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ontario", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Algoma District", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Goudreau, Ontario)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26225670 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Josephine Creek)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26225187 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Kabinakagami River)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26222148 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Lochalsh River)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26228230 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Frontenac County)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26247605 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Kenora District)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26229000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lakes (Ontario), Nipissing District", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26255556 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Rainy River District)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26229750 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Sudbury District)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26243211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Thunder Bay District)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26236155 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Timiskaming District)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 26244131 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Alaska), several lakes, including:", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 48506275 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Chugach National Forest)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 48956333 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Paxson, Alaska)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 45140139 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Willow, Alaska)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 48956446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Reading Peak, Shasta County), California", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 13287163 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Clear Creek County, Colorado)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 6002765 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Kandiyohi County, Minnesota)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 47251076 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Murray County, Minnesota)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 47317306 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Edmeston, Otsego County, New York)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 58516255 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Springfield, Otsego County, New York)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 58516112 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Oregon), several lakes", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 36340850 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Washington)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 56411126 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (West Virginia)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 3921761 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake (Langlade County, Wisconsin)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lakes", "target_page_ids": [ 46263905 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake, British Columbia", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Places", "target_page_ids": [ 22992005 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake, Maryland", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Places", "target_page_ids": [ 116425 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake, Minnesota", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Places", "target_page_ids": [ 120993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake, Wisconsin", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Places", "target_page_ids": [ 24156718 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake camp", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Places", "target_page_ids": [ 102987 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lake Summit, Winter Haven, Florida", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 36459886 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake Park, Colorado", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 6002765 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake Provincial Park, British Columbia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 4515354 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake Ski Area, Nakusp, British Columbia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 18785134 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Summit Lake State Park, Henry County, Indiana", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2386346 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Lime is a color that is a shade of yellow-green, so named because it is a representation of the color of the citrus fruit called limes. It is the color that is in between the web color chartreuse and yellow on the color wheel. Alternate names for this color included yellow-green, lemon-lime, lime green, or bitter lime.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 5921, 261456, 286621, 1431997, 915627 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 15 ], [ 129, 134 ], [ 176, 185 ], [ 186, 196 ], [ 215, 226 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first recorded use of lime green as a color name in English was in 1890.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lime (traditional lime green)", "target_page_ids": [ 8569916 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lime (color hex code #BFFF00) is a pure spectral color at approximately 564 nanometers on the visible spectrum when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Lime (traditional lime green)", "target_page_ids": [ 1078027, 41464, 2116016 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 54 ], [ 94, 110 ], [ 131, 155 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Key lime is a light lime color that is named after a Crayola Pearl Brites crayon.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Lemon-lime is a fluorescent chartreuse color that is named after the carbonated soft drinks such as Sprite, 7 Up, and Sierra Mist.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [ 11555, 1431997, 30871134, 54566, 1646184 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 27 ], [ 28, 38 ], [ 100, 106 ], [ 108, 112 ], [ 118, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The red value to this neon color is almost to yellow.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [ 34368 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The color Arctic lime is close to electric lime, and was created in 2009. This is one of the colors in Crayola's eXtreme colors ultra-bright colored pencils.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [ 98642 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 103, 110 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The color peridot is a shade of lime with lemon undertones, which represents the color of the peridot gemstone. Peridot is the birthstone for those born in August.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [ 45162 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 94, 101 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The color Volt is used by Nike in several of their athletic products, most notably their Air Max 90 Hyperfuse sneakers, which were introduced in 2011. This color is similar to electric lime.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [ 18998781 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Electric lime is a Crayola color was created in 1990. This tint of lime is popular in psychedelic art.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [ 11079974, 1172710 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 59, 63 ], [ 86, 101 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The color French lime is the shade of lime called \"lime\" in the Pourpre.com color list, a color list widely popular in France.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [ 5843419 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 119, 125 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The web color named \"lime\" actually corresponds to the green primary of an RGB display: it has a different HTML color code (#00FF00). The color differs in HTML and X11.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [ 286621, 25989, 13191, 274439 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 13 ], [ 75, 78 ], [ 107, 111 ], [ 144, 167 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Lime green is a vivid yellowish green web color.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Bright lime is a luminous vivid chartreuse green web color.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Variations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Some fire engines in the United States are lime yellow rather than red due to safety and ergonomics reasons. A 2009 study by the U.S. Fire Administration concluded that fluorescent colors, including yellow-green and orange, are easiest to spot in daylight.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Usage", "target_page_ids": [ 146363, 2606842 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 17 ], [ 129, 153 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the bandana code of the gay leather subculture, wearing a lime-colored bandana means one is into the sexual fetish of sitophilia, otherwise known as food fetishism.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Usage", "target_page_ids": [ 141932, 5171128, 176452, 56093, 156115, 9173060 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 19 ], [ 27, 30 ], [ 31, 49 ], [ 74, 81 ], [ 104, 117 ], [ 121, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The National Rugby League team Canberra Raiders uses lime green as one of its main colours, as does the National Football League’s Seattle Seahawks, which utilizes a color officially named Action Green, which strongly resembles lime green.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Usage", "target_page_ids": [ 255709, 454452, 21211, 28390 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 25 ], [ 31, 47 ], [ 104, 128 ], [ 131, 147 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of colors", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 37703894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lime colored limeade drinks from the cover of a 1975 cookbook", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Secondary_colors", "Quaternary_colors", "Shades_of_green", "Web_colors" ]

[ "lime green", "lime-green", "bitter lime" ]

[ { "plaintext": "West Valley College is a public community college in Saratoga, California. It is part of the California Community College system.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 5696, 108164, 1824186 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 32, 49 ], [ 53, 73 ], [ 93, 121 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The college was founded as West Valley Junior College in 1963. It was to serve the footprint of the Campbell Union High School District, the Los Gatos-Saratoga Joint Union High School District, and the Santa Clara Unified School District. The district was formed by voter approval in January 1963. The first classes began September 14, 1964. The first campus took over the space of the defunct Campbell Union Grammar School, at 1 East Campbell Avenue near Winchester Boulevard in Campbell across the street from Campbell High School. The grammar school itself was closed because its WPA era buildings were deemed unsafe in the event of an earthquake. While some of the existing buildings used, most of the classrooms were portable, parked on the former playgrounds.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1405413, 1405747, 1414743, 50022600, 108150, 2374617, 55779 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 100, 135 ], [ 141, 192 ], [ 202, 237 ], [ 394, 423 ], [ 480, 488 ], [ 512, 532 ], [ 583, 586 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The land for the new campus, where the school is located now was purchased in 1966. Groundbreaking for the new construction was June 15, 1967. Starting in 1968 the first new building was occupied and a few classes transitioned to the new campus, many in temporary classrooms while further permanent structures were built. The transition was completed in 1975.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The campus occupies in the city of Saratoga. One of the distinguishing features of the school's location is that it is off the West Valley Freeway.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Campus", "target_page_ids": [ 108164, 489331 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 44 ], [ 128, 147 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "West Valley College is part of Silicon Valley's West Valley–Mission Community College District, which also administers Mission College in nearby Santa Clara, in turn part of the California Community Colleges System. The district serves the cities of Saratoga, Campbell, Los Gatos, Monte Sereno Santa Clara, and San Jose. The district headquarters is on the West Valley College campus.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Organization and administration", "target_page_ids": [ 4504475, 108163, 1824186, 108164, 108150, 90591, 108163, 53446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 119, 134 ], [ 145, 156 ], [ 178, 214 ], [ 250, 258 ], [ 260, 268 ], [ 270, 279 ], [ 294, 305 ], [ 311, 319 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As of 2005, West Valley College offered 61 associate degree programs and 94 certificate programs. As of 2017, the school had a total enrollment of 9,463 students and its faculty had 404 full-time and 168 associate members. From those 9,463 students, 5,721 are returning students from the semester before.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [ 223220 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 43, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Student percentages are: Hispanic 29%, White 38%, Asian 17%, African-American 4%, Filipino 5%, other 7% ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Academics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "West Valley offers a plethora of men and women sporting activities including: baseball, men's basketball, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's swimming, men's and women's water polo, softball, women's volleyball, women's tennis and beach volleyball. West Valley Athletics is known as the West Valley Vikings, with the mascot being a Viking. Team colors are navy blue, orange and white.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Winning Percentage of (.715) over the last 10 seasons only losing 48 games while winning 151.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "12 Coast Conference Championships since 1998, last being in 2015 where they Four-Peated as champions from 2012-2015.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Nationally ranked 8 seasons since 1998. last being in 2015.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "One of six teams to have won more than 130 games in a span of four seasons.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "7 Conference Championships, last being in 2009.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Nine Super Regionals, last being in 2008.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Reached the Final Four in 2008 and was ranked #7 in the nation that same season.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "West Valley's community college program and in all of California with a multitude of trophies including:", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Six State Championships,", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Twenty Northern California Championships,", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "and Twenty-Eight Conference Championships.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Since 2010, the West Valley softball team has reached the playoffs four times and won two Conference Championships, the last in 2015. The Vikings were CCCAA State Champions in 1990 and 2002. The team received a top eight selection in 2013.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Athletics", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Mark Bingham and Nicole C. Miller, passengers on the United 93 flight during the September 11, 2001 attacks", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 19941, 31978, 5058690 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 54, 63 ], [ 82, 108 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stan Bunger, news anchor on KCBS", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 28780015 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Doug Capilla, Major League Baseball player", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 1935431 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vicky Galindo, Olympic Silver Medalist and former National Pro Fastpitch second and third baseman for the Chicago Bandits", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 12273234, 5479794, 5959498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 51, 73 ], [ 107, 122 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kit Lathrop, former NFL defensive end/defensive tackle", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 11871066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cung Le, former International Kickboxing Federation Light Heavyweight World Champion; professional mixed martial artist, former Strikeforce middleweight champion, competed in the UFC's Middleweight Division", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 1146335, 228344, 21450688, 169660 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 100, 120 ], [ 129, 162 ], [ 180, 183 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " H. Paul Shuch, SETI scientist", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 12239259, 28153 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 16, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jason Tarver, NFL assistant linebackers coach for the San Francisco 49ers", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 27696068, 27169 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 55, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Hendy, former NFL cornerback San Diego Chargers First Team All Rookie 1985, 2 year starter at Long Beach State 49ers football 1984 College Football All-America Team defensive back.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Notable people", "target_page_ids": [ 34111566, 9984506, 20869675, 22285490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 35, 53 ], [ 100, 131 ], [ 132, 170 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Official website", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "West_Valley_College", "California_Community_Colleges", "Educational_institutions_established_in_1963", "Saratoga,_California", "Schools_accredited_by_the_Western_Association_of_Schools_and_Colleges", "Universities_and_colleges_in_Santa_Clara_County,_California", "1963_establishments_in_California", "Two-year_colleges_in_the_United_States" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The Imperial Klans of America, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (IKA) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, neo-Nazi paramilitary organization. Until the late 2000s, it was the second largest Klan group in the United States, and the largest at one point in the early 2000s. In 2008, the IKA was reported to have at least 23 chapters in 17 states, most of which were small.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33178, 313027, 54361, 146730 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 87 ], [ 89, 106 ], [ 108, 116 ], [ 117, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Since then, the IKA has been weakened by a $2.5 million judgment in 2008 against its leader, Ron Edwards, and several of its members for the beating of a 16-year-old teenager of Native American descent, followed by Edwards' conviction to a 4-year sentence on drug and gun charges in 2011. Although the IKA remains active in 2020, it had dwindled to only 2 chapters by 2012.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The IKA is headquartered at a compound near, Illinois, which serves as a venue for the annual local Nordic Fest. The group describes itself as the sixth era of the Ku Klux Klan, and as such argues that it has constitutional rights as part of the \"Unorganized Militia\" and that it stands upon Supreme Court decisions in favor of previous Klans.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6304968, 16779 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 100, 111 ], [ 164, 176 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2011, a recurring hoax concerning the IKA endorsing Barack Obama was once again exposed as a farce based on a parody website's humorous reporting. In fact, in 2008, Ron Edwards was quoted as supporting John McCain.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 52239, 534366, 43715 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 25 ], [ 55, 67 ], [ 205, 216 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the early 1990s, Ron Edwards was the head of a Kentucky-based klavern (local unit) of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. In July 1994, he joined the short-lived Federation of Klans after it broke away from the Knights of the KKK, which under the leadership of Thomas Robb had been seeking to improve the Klan's image by portraying it as a gentler organization. Led by former Robb follower Ed Novak, the splinter group died out in 1995. The following year, Edwards founded his own organization, the Imperial Klans of America (IKA) in Dawson Springs, Kentucky. In April 1998 Edwards' home was raided by federal agents as part of an investigation into an alleged plot to bomb a federal building, but the charges were eventually dropped.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 16779, 3001342, 150452 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 93, 120 ], [ 261, 272 ], [ 534, 558 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "From 2000 onward, Edwards used his Dawson Springs compound to host a local Nordic Fest, an annual neo-Pagan music festival which helped the IKA connect with young white nationalists. At one point in the early 2000s, the IKA became the largest active Ku Klux Klan group in the United States. In 2001, more than 300 people attended the event, but only 60 of them came in 2003 due to conflicts with the racist music distributors Panzerfaust and Resistance Records, which had complained about Edwards' personal conduct and mistreatment of their bands.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 6304968, 21686, 313027, 1603165, 729159 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 86 ], [ 98, 107 ], [ 163, 181 ], [ 426, 437 ], [ 442, 460 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In July 2006, Jordan Gruver, a 16-year-old teenager of Panamanian Indian (Native American) descent, was beaten to the ground at a county fair in Brandenburg, Kentucky, by two IKA members who thought he was Latino. Gruver's left forearm and jaw were broken in the attack, and in 2008, he testified that he was suffering from permanent nerve damage and psychological trauma. In February 2007, IKA members Jarred R. Hensley and Andrew R. Watkins were convicted and sentenced to three years in prison as punishment for their involvement in the incident.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 44951747, 21217, 115357, 1333612 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 72 ], [ 74, 89 ], [ 145, 166 ], [ 206, 212 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Southern Poverty Law Center filed a civil suit on Gruver's behalf in Meade County, Kentucky against IKA \"Imperial Wizard\" Ron Edwards and the IKA for the actions of the IKA members. Morris Dees, together with William F. McMurry of Louisville, Kentucky, represented Jordan Gruver in the trial against the IKA. On the second day of the civil trial, a former member of the IKA testified that the Klan had told him to kill Southern Poverty Law Center chief attorney Morris Dees.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 27164, 113258, 95557, 1629492, 474298, 58592, 474298 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 31 ], [ 40, 50 ], [ 73, 85 ], [ 109, 124 ], [ 186, 197 ], [ 235, 245 ], [ 466, 477 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On November 14, 2008, a jury of seven men and seven women ruled against Edwards and awarded Gruver $1.5 million in compensatory damages and $1 million in punitive damages. Following the decision, Edwards resigned as leader of the IKA. He appealed against the ruling, and the court overturned the decision on January 14, 2011, sending it to a second trial in the original court venue. His appeal was ultimately denied by the Kentucky Supreme Court in March 2012.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1892890 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 424, 446 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "According to Dees, the SPLC's founder and Gruver's counsel during the case, the SPLC received nearly a dozen threats during the case. A July 2007 letter allegedly came from Hal Turner, a white supremacist talk show host.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 18597936 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 173, 183 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2010, Edwards and his girlfriend, Christine Gillette were arrested for possession and distribution of controlled substances, including hydrocodone and methamphetamine. According to the SPLC, the Supreme White Alliance, a white power skinhead group that had been assisting the IKA with annual hate rock gatherings, decided to break ties with the IKA after Edwards' arrest. In March 2011, Edwards pleaded guilty to federal drug and gun charges and was convicted to a 4-year prison sentence.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 2471575, 14413, 11038318, 1725943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 105, 125 ], [ 138, 149 ], [ 154, 169 ], [ 224, 244 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Propaganda stickers which threatened Muslims and homosexuals and promoted an \"Imperial Klans of America, Brazil\" were reportedly left in Niterói in 2015.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 19541, 5488304, 229565 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 43 ], [ 49, 60 ], [ 137, 144 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The IKA was featured on National Geographic's \"Inside American Terror\" in 2008 and it was also featured on The History Channel's Gangland in 2009.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Media depictions", "target_page_ids": [ 925639, 748853, 14501320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 43 ], [ 107, 126 ], [ 129, 137 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "SPLC Trial Update: Imperial Klans of America from the Southern Poverty Law Center", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 27164 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 81 ] ] } ]

[ "Ku_Klux_Klan_organizations", "Organizations_established_in_1996", "White_American_culture_in_Kentucky" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Shestov (masculine, ) or Shestova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Lev Shestov (1866–1938), Ukrainian/Russian - Jewish existentialist philosopher", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 1411623 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Xenia Shestova (1560–1631), Russian nun and mother of Mikhail I of Russia", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 8100609 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] } ]

[ "Russian-language_surnames" ]

[ "Шестов" ]

[ { "plaintext": "WrestleMania XI was the 11th annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on April 2, 1995, at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut. A total of seven matches were contested at the event.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 24864, 101733, 47146440, 62676, 1754468, 53678 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 48 ], [ 49, 71 ], [ 72, 84 ], [ 91, 96 ], [ 113, 139 ], [ 195, 216 ], [ 220, 241 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The main event featured former NFL linebacker Lawrence Taylor against Bam Bam Bigelow, a match which came as the result of an argument that took place between the two at the 1995 Royal Rumble. Taylor won the match, which led to Bigelow being kicked out of Ted DiBiase's Million Dollar Corporation. Shawn Michaels faced WWF Champion Diesel in a title match but was unable to win the championship. Jeff Jarrett retained his WWF Intercontinental Championship against Razor Ramon. Owen Hart and his mystery partner, Yokozuna, challenged The Smoking Gunns for the WWF Tag Team Championship and won the title belts.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 21211, 448584, 1870317, 5828330, 344293, 2083397, 306325, 630463, 439260, 918592, 722875, 439253, 5069921, 690037, 2102580, 985535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 34 ], [ 46, 61 ], [ 70, 85 ], [ 174, 191 ], [ 256, 267 ], [ 270, 296 ], [ 298, 312 ], [ 319, 331 ], [ 332, 338 ], [ 396, 408 ], [ 422, 455 ], [ 464, 475 ], [ 477, 486 ], [ 512, 520 ], [ 533, 550 ], [ 559, 584 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The match between Taylor and Bigelow brought the WWF mainstream press coverage. The reactions to the match were mixed; some people thought that Taylor performed surprisingly well for a non-wrestler. Others thought that the WWF pushing a football player to defeat a wrestler made professional wrestling look bad. Reviews of the event as a whole have also been mixed, and the event has been called both the worst WrestleMania of all time and the event that saved the WWF.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "WrestleMania is considered the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) flagship pay-per-view (PPV) event, having first been held in 1985. It has become the longest-running professional wrestling event in history and is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. It was the first of the WWF's original four pay-per-views, which includes Royal Rumble, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, which were dubbed the \"Big Four\", and was considered one of the \"Big Five\" PPVs, along with King of the Ring. WrestleMania XI was scheduled to be held on April 2, 1995, at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 384758, 62676, 101733, 896839, 518916, 697071, 848251, 531977, 1754468, 53678 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 12 ], [ 31, 57 ], [ 84, 96 ], [ 136, 140 ], [ 343, 355 ], [ 357, 367 ], [ 373, 388 ], [ 482, 498 ], [ 566, 587 ], [ 591, 612 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Special Olympian Kathy Huey sang a rendition of \"America the Beautiful\" during the event, replacing the previously advertised band, Fishbone. Prior to Lawrence Taylor's match against Bam Bam Bigelow, Salt-n-Pepa sang Whatta Man. Several other celebrities also had roles at WrestleMania. Nicholas Turturro, one of the stars of NYPD Blue, conducted interviews and served as a guest ring announcer. Jonathan Taylor Thomas of Home Improvement was a guest timekeeper for the match between Diesel and Shawn Michaels. WrestleMania XI marked the first time that the WWF featured an interview on the Internet as Diesel and Shawn Michaels were interviewed by Bob Ryder.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 42713, 651, 171219, 448584, 1870317, 210503, 6918374, 2290483, 163252, 542106, 13523, 439260, 306325, 14539, 65953153 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ], [ 49, 70 ], [ 133, 141 ], [ 152, 167 ], [ 184, 199 ], [ 201, 212 ], [ 218, 228 ], [ 289, 306 ], [ 328, 337 ], [ 398, 420 ], [ 424, 440 ], [ 486, 492 ], [ 497, 511 ], [ 593, 601 ], [ 651, 660 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On September 30, 1995, a one-hour special including the Diesel vs. Shawn Michaels match and the Lawrence Taylor vs. Bam Bam Bigelow match was broadcast on the FOX Network. At the WrestleMania weekend, the WWF also held its Fan Fest, a promotional event during which wrestlers interacted with fans and signed autographs.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 46252 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 159, 170 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The most heavily promoted feud going into the event was between Bam Bam Bigelow and Lawrence Taylor. At the 1995 Royal Rumble, Bigelow teamed with Tatanka in the final round of a tournament for the WWF Tag Team Championship. Bigelow was pinned at the end of the match, which led to the crowd heckling him. He responded by pushing NFL player Lawrence Taylor, who was sitting at ringside. Bigelow refused to apologize and instead challenged Taylor to a wrestling match. Taylor agreed and trained with WWF Champion Diesel to prepare for the match. The storyline between Bigelow and Taylor brought the WWF much mainstream exposure, as the match was discussed by several news outlets.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 1870317, 448584, 5828330, 1840959, 8238237, 1428043, 21211, 630463 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 79 ], [ 84, 99 ], [ 108, 125 ], [ 147, 154 ], [ 198, 223 ], [ 237, 243 ], [ 330, 333 ], [ 499, 511 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The other main event at WrestleMania was a match for the WWF Championship between Diesel and Shawn Michaels. Diesel had originally entered the WWF as Michaels's bodyguard but later began wrestling and forming a tag team with Michaels. The pair held the WWF Tag Team Championship together in 1994. At Survivor Series 1994, however, Michaels accidentally kicked Diesel in the face. This led to an argument during which Diesel dissolved the tag team and vacated the championship. Three days later, Diesel defeated Bob Backlund to become the new WWF Champion. At the Royal Rumble, Michaels won the titular match, which earned him a match against Diesel for the title belt at WrestleMania.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 306325, 905173, 5943135, 11202077 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 93, 107 ], [ 211, 219 ], [ 300, 320 ], [ 511, 523 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The WWF Intercontinental Championship was also defended at WrestleMania. Jeff Jarrett, the champion, had been feuding with Razor Ramon, the challenger, for several months. At the Royal Rumble, Jarrett was accompanied by The Roadie, who interfered on Jarrett's behalf and helped Jarrett win the championship. To even the sides in the rematch at WrestleMania, Ramon was accompanied by his friend, the 1–2–3 Kid.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 722875, 918592, 439253, 690240, 123416 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 37 ], [ 73, 85 ], [ 123, 134 ], [ 220, 230 ], [ 399, 408 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In a match for the WWF Tag Team Championship, The Smoking Gunns defended their title. Their opponents were Owen Hart and a mystery partner. Hart refused to tell anyone the name of his partner, which left the Gunns uncertain who they would be facing and led to much speculation about the identity of the mystery partner.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 2102580, 5069921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 63 ], [ 107, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Bret Hart faced Bob Backlund in an \"I Quit\" match at WrestleMania. The feud began the previous summer, when Hart defended the WWF Championship against Backlund. Backlund mistakenly thought he won the match and began celebrating, but Hart pinned him to retain the title. After the match, Backlund turned heel by attacking Hart. This led to a title match at Survivor Series 1994, in which Backlund won the title from Hart. Although Backlund soon lost the belt, the feud continued and Backlund attacked Hart during Hart's match at the Royal Rumble.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 303089, 784603, 3830968, 557664 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ], [ 35, 49 ], [ 296, 302 ], [ 303, 307 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Also at the Royal Rumble, The Undertaker faced Irwin R. Schyster as part of The Undertaker's feud with Ted DiBiase's Million Dollar Corporation. During the match, King Kong Bundy, another Corporation member, interfered and enabled the Corporation to steal The Undertaker's urn, which was said to be the source of his power.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Production", "target_page_ids": [ 345792, 30864960, 344293, 2083397, 1087501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 40 ], [ 47, 64 ], [ 103, 114 ], [ 117, 143 ], [ 163, 178 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the opening match, The Allied Powers (Davey Boy Smith and Lex Luger) faced the Blu Brothers (Eli Blu and Jacob Blu). Smith started out on the offensive, but Jacob gained control with a running bulldog throw. The Blus capitalized on the fact that they are identical twins by switching places without tagging while the referee was not looking. Luger came into the match near the end and performed a running forearm smash on Eli. Jacob tried to throw Luger with a powerbomb, but Luger tagged in Smith, who performed a sunset flip to pin Jacob and win the match.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 11296023, 690262, 272874, 1910284, 467964, 1033826, 1940350, 474578 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 39 ], [ 41, 56 ], [ 61, 70 ], [ 82, 94 ], [ 188, 203 ], [ 400, 421 ], [ 464, 473 ], [ 518, 529 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The second match pitted Razor Ramon, with the 1–2–3 Kid in his corner, against WWF Intercontinental Champion Jeff Jarrett, who had The Roadie in his corner. Ramon took control at the beginning of the match by using power moves against Jarrett. Jarrett tried to leave the match, but the 1–2–3 Kid forced him back into the ring. Jarrett took advantage of one of Ramon's mistakes to gain the advantage. He applied a sleeper hold on Ramon, who used his strength advantage to escape the move. After Ramon threw Jarrett, the Kid attempted to interfere but was kicked by Jarrett. Ramon jumped off the ropes to attack Jarrett, but Jarrett avoided the move and applied a figure four leglock on Ramon. Ramon reversed the move to place the pressure on Jarrett's legs. He then threw Jarrett to the mat with a suplex from the second rope and prepared to execute the Razor's Edge, his finishing move. The Roadie entered the ring and attacked Ramon, prompting the referee to disqualify Jarrett; because titles cannot change hands on a disqualification, Jarrett retained his championship.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 2496956, 474578, 640399, 1940350 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 413, 425 ], [ 662, 681 ], [ 797, 824 ], [ 853, 865 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the next match, The Undertaker faced King Kong Bundy. Ted DiBiase was at ringside holding the urn that his wrestlers had stolen from The Undertaker. Larry Young, a legit American League umpire, was the special referee for the match. Young's storyline was as an out-of-work sports official because of the recently ended MLB Players Association strike and a lockout of the Major League Umpires Association umpires (which led to the eventual dissolution of the MLUA in 2000; prior to the new union, umpires were split by league). The Undertaker took control at the beginning of the match by jumping off the top rope and hitting Bundy. He then performed several clothesline attacks on Bundy. Bundy responded with a clothesline that knocked The Undertaker out of the ring. Seeing DiBiase close, The Undertaker took back his urn. After The Undertaker returned to the ring, DiBiase called Kama, another Corporation member, to the ring. Kama stole the urn, and Bundy attacked The Undertaker in order to let Kama escape backstage. Bundy picked The Undertaker up and powerslammed him to the mat. He then performed an Avalanche Splash to crush The Undertaker against the corner of the ring. The Undertaker was unharmed, however, and performed a powerslam and a clothesline on Bundy before pinning him to win the match.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 2133867, 1970469, 994264, 1033826, 591648, 3730230, 1033826 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 152, 163 ], [ 307, 352 ], [ 592, 634 ], [ 662, 673 ], [ 886, 890 ], [ 1061, 1070 ], [ 1111, 1127 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Smoking Gunns defended their WWF Tag Team Championship in the next match against Owen Hart and his mystery partner, who was revealed to be Yokozuna. The Gunns worked together to control the match at the beginning, but Yokozuna gained control by performing a leg drop on Billy Gunn. Hart attempted to perform a dropkick from the top rope but accidentally hit Yokozuna. The Gunns briefly took control until Yokozuna performed a belly to belly suplex and landed on Billy. He then performed a Banzai Drop, jumping from the second rope and sitting on Billy's chest. Hart tagged in and considered performing the Sharpshooter submission hold; instead, he pinned Billy Gunn to win the title belts for his team.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 690037, 3241133, 1658766, 640399, 994264, 860845 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 143, 151 ], [ 262, 270 ], [ 314, 340 ], [ 430, 451 ], [ 493, 504 ], [ 610, 622 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The next match, an \"I Quit\" match, took place between Bret Hart and Bob Backlund, with Roddy Piper as the guest referee. It was explained that, in order to win the match, a wrestler must force his opponent to say \"I quit\" into a microphone held by Piper. Hart attempted to perform the Sharpshooter early in the match; when Backlund blocked it, Hart executed a figure four leglock instead. Backlund escaped the hold and began trying to injure Hart's arm with an armbar hold. Hart then tried to attack Backlund in the corner of the ring, but Backlund moved and Hart hit his shoulder against the ring post. Backlund tried to perform the crossface chickenwing, his signature submission hold. Hart blocked him and performed the same hold on Backlund instead. Backlund made an unintelligible sound into the microphone, and Piper determined that he had submitted. As a result, the win was awarded to Bret Hart.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 405184, 474578, 474578, 474578 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 87, 98 ], [ 360, 379 ], [ 461, 467 ], [ 634, 655 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the next match, which was for the WWF Championship, challenger Shawn Michaels was accompanied to the ring by Jenny McCarthy and Diesel, the champion, was escorted by Pamela Anderson. Michaels relied on his quickness in the opening stages, while Diesel used his strength advantage against Michaels. Diesel threw Michaels out of the ring and onto the arena floor, but Michaels later performed a clothesline that knocked Diesel out of the ring. Michaels capitalized on his advantage by performing several aerial moves, including a flying crossbody, flying bulldog throw, and a diving elbow drop. He was unable to pin Diesel, however, so he performed a sleeper hold to wear Diesel down. They brawled outside the ring, after which Michaels performed Sweet Chin Music, his finishing move, but Sid, Michaels's bodyguard, had the referee distracted and unable to count the pinfall. Diesel recovered and controlled the remainder of the match with power moves before throwing Michaels to the mat with a botched Jackknife and getting the pinfall victory.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 11494260, 23035, 994264, 994264, 994264, 1033826, 690045, 1940350 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 112, 126 ], [ 169, 184 ], [ 531, 547 ], [ 549, 563 ], [ 577, 594 ], [ 748, 764 ], [ 790, 793 ], [ 1004, 1013 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The final bout of the event was the main event match between Bam Bam Bigelow and Lawrence Taylor. Bigelow was accompanied by the members of DiBiase's Million Dollar Corporation: King Kong Bundy, Tatanka, Irwin R. Schyster, Kama, and Nikolai Volkoff. To prevent the Corporation members from interfering, Taylor brought several football players: Ken Norton Jr., Chris Spielman, Rickey Jackson, Carl Banks, Reggie White, and Steve McMichael. Taylor gained the advantage early and performed a clothesline that knocked Bigelow out of the ring. Once he returned to the ring, Bigelow took control of the match by kicking Taylor repeatedly and performing a Boston crab submission hold to hurt Taylor's back. Taylor got out of the hold and threw Bigelow with a suplex. Bigelow recovered and performed several headbutts on Taylor before executing a moonsault flip to knock Taylor down to the mat. Taylor began to take control of the match again, but Bigelow kicked him in the back of the head and then performed a headbutt from the top rope. Bigelow was unable to pin Taylor, however. Taylor climbed to the second rope, jumped off, and used his forearm to hit Bigelow. He then covered Bigelow to win the match.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Event", "target_page_ids": [ 539718, 1459625, 3898008, 2396629, 4154803, 540996, 1316666, 1576004, 640399, 2572843, 994264 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 233, 248 ], [ 344, 358 ], [ 360, 374 ], [ 376, 390 ], [ 392, 402 ], [ 404, 416 ], [ 422, 437 ], [ 649, 660 ], [ 752, 758 ], [ 839, 848 ], [ 1004, 1030 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The event was attended by 15,000 fans, who paid a total of $750,000 in admission fees. This was down from the previous year's attendance of 18,065, but the decline could be attributed to the smaller size of the venue for WrestleMania XI. The attendance figure was also lower than the following year's figure of 18,852 fans at WrestleMania XII. The pay-per-view buyrate for WrestleMania XI was 1.3, which was lower than the 1.68 buyrate for WrestleMania X but higher than the 1.2 buyrate for WrestleMania XII.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 1446223 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 326, 342 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Writing for 411mania, columnist Dustin James rated the event as the seventeenth best of the first twenty-three WrestleManias. He stated that the event did not have any truly amazing matches but that Lawrence Taylor put on a solid performance. John Powell of SLAM! Wrestling rated the event as the worst WrestleMania of all time. The specific concerns he mentioned in his review are Diesel's championship reign and WWF allowing a football player to defeat a wrestler in what he describes as a \"sham of a match\". In contrast, Pro Wrestling Illustrated columnist Dave Rosenbaum stated that WrestleMania \"saved\" the WWF in its feud with rival World Championship Wrestling. He argued that Taylor \"looked like a pro\" and contributed to an \"incredible\" match. He also observed that the tag team matches helped rejuvenate an area of wrestling that had been suffering in the WWF and that the match between Michaels and Diesel was a candidate for match of the year. Bret Hart was critical about his match against Bob Backlund, claiming it was \"probably my worst pay-per-view match I ever had\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Reception", "target_page_ids": [ 1840022, 186694 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 524, 549 ], [ 639, 667 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Shortly after WrestleMania, Diesel offered Shawn Michaels a rematch. Michaels blamed Sid for the loss and informed him that he would not be needed during the match. Sid got angry and attacked Michaels until Diesel saved him. Diesel and Michaels became allies once again, and they teamed up to win the WWF Tag Team Championship later that year. Diesel feuded with Sid and defeated him at the In Your House 1 and In Your House 2 pay-per-view events. The animosity lingered between Michaels and Sid, but they did not face each other to settle the feud until the September 11, 1995 episode of Monday Night Raw.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 13922601, 440467 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 391, 406 ], [ 589, 605 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Bam Bam Bigelow was embarrassed after losing to Lawrence Taylor. To redeem himself, he challenged Diesel to a match for the WWF Championship. During the match, Tatanka turned on Bigelow and caused him to get pinned. Bigelow was kicked out of the Million Dollar Corporation and attacked by DiBiase's wrestlers. Diesel saved Bigelow from the attack, which led to a friendship being formed between the two. Bigelow defeated Tatanka in a dark match at In Your House 2. At King of the Ring 1995, Sid, DiBiase's latest addition to the Corporation, teamed with Tatanka in a loss to the team of Diesel and Bigelow.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 434, 444 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Razor Ramon and the 1–2–3 Kid was scheduled to face Jeff Jarrett and The Roadie at In Your House 1 the month after WrestleMania. The Kid sustained a legit injury, however, and was unable to compete. As a result, Ramon wrestled a two-on-one handicap match against Jarrett and The Roadie instead. Ramon won the bout, but the feud continued. At In Your House 2, The Roadie faced the 1–2–3 Kid and defeated him. Ramon and Jarrett wrestled several times, and Ramon regained the Intercontinental Championship on May 19, 1995. He held the belt for three days before dropping it back to Jarrett.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 3830968, 63995, 3830968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 149, 154 ], [ 240, 254 ], [ 559, 567 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After WrestleMania, Kama melted down The Undertaker's urn and made it into a necklace. The Undertaker defeated Kama in a dark match at In Your House 1, and again in a casket match at In Your House 2. He then won another casket match against Kama at SummerSlam 1995 to end the feud. The Undertaker was not able to recapture the remnants of the urn until he ended his feud with King Mabel in another Casket match. The Undertaker's streak of 21 consecutive WrestleMania victories was first acknowledged during his entrance for his encounter with King Kong Bundy by play-by-play commentator Vince McMahon, who stated, \"The Undertaker, on his way to the ring—a man who's never lost at WrestleMania\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 63995, 5676645, 44830459, 1087501, 303951 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 167, 179 ], [ 249, 264 ], [ 416, 435 ], [ 543, 558 ], [ 587, 600 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Smoking Gunns were given a rematch for the WWF Tag Team Championship at In Your House 1. Hart pinned Bart Gunn to retain the championship for his team. Hart and Yokozuna then moved on to face other competition, and the Gunns did not become serious contenders for the title again until late in 1995 when they defeated Hart and Yokozuna to regain the championship.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Steve McMichael, who accompanied Lawrence Taylor, joined World Championship Wrestling later in 1995 as a color commentator then eventually as an in-ring performer, joining the famous Four Horseman when he turned on and betrayed his tag team partner and former NFL star Kevin Greene at The Great American Bash '96 near the end of their tag team match against Ric Flair and Arn Anderson. Going by the name \"Mongo\" McMichael, he eventually went on to win the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 186694, 1069318, 2446514, 55913060, 332287, 1045788, 985560 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 85 ], [ 183, 196 ], [ 269, 281 ], [ 285, 312 ], [ 358, 367 ], [ 372, 384 ], [ 456, 498 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The WWF released the event on VHS in North America in 1995. The VHS version was then re-released on March 2, 1999. The event was also released on DVD in North America as part of the WrestleMania Complete Anthology boxed set on November 1, 2005. In the United Kingdom, the event was released on VHS on July 10, 1995. Packaged together with WrestleMania XII, it was then released on DVD in the United Kingdom as part of the WWE Tagged Classics line on August 7, 2006.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Aftermath", "target_page_ids": [ 52124, 11014498, 1446223, 9985468 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 33 ], [ 146, 149 ], [ 339, 355 ], [ 422, 441 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Official Website of WrestleMania XI", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Events_in_Hartford,_Connecticut", "WrestleMania", "1995_in_Connecticut", "Professional_wrestling_in_Hartford,_Connecticut", "1995_WWF_pay-per-view_events", "April_1995_events_in_the_United_States" ]

[ "WrestleMania 11" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Aeneas Silvius (said to have reigned 1110-1079 BC) is the son of Silvius, in some versions grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson, grandson or son of Aeneas. He is the third in the list of the mythical kings of Alba Longa in Latium, and the Silvii regarded him as the founder of their house. Dionysius of Halicarnassus ascribes to him a reign of 31 years. Ovid does not mention him among the Alban kings. According to Livy and Dionysius, the heir of Aeneas Silvius was named Latinus Silvius.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 17112602, 82562, 1540, 23455280, 7408972, 7205330, 159387, 37802, 1446222 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 65, 72 ], [ 103, 111 ], [ 151, 157 ], [ 212, 222 ], [ 226, 232 ], [ 242, 248 ], [ 293, 319 ], [ 357, 361 ], [ 476, 491 ] ] } ]

[ "Kings_of_Alba_Longa", "Characters_in_Book_VI_of_the_Aeneid" ]

[]