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The following are a set of modern aerial photography images from Google Earth. Each set of two images depicts the locale where forest fire fighters died in 1910. The first image in each set has wording and/or icons to help with orientation. The second image in each set has no wording or icons on the landscape. All are looking north except for the De Faut Gulch images which are looking south. The scale from set to set are approximately equal. MIDDLE FORK OF BIG CREEK OF THE ST. JOE RIVER Middle Fork of Big Creek -- The Middle Fork of Big Creek joins the West Fork of Big Creek three miles downstream. What then is Big Creek proper flows another eight miles to the St. Joe River. Homesteads were scattered throughout the Middle Fork. The Beauchamp homestead, where Bell's crew sought refuge, was in what is now called Early Creek. The elevation there is 3700 feet. The Coeur d'Alene-St. Joe Divide is just two miles to the north. Across a low place in the Divide (4900 feet) is Big Creek of the Coeur d'Alene River's South Fork. The Coeur d'Alene-St. Joe Divide rises to 5900 feet at the head of Early Creek and stays between 5700 and 6200 feet for a couple of miles to the east, the route of Pulaski's flight with his crew. Striped Peak, just off the Divide, is at 6316 feet. The War Eagle Mine was around 3500 feet. Wallace is at 2750 feet. WEST FORK OF BIG CREEK OF THE ST. JOE RIVER West Fork of Big Creek of the St. Joe River -- The Dittman homestead was along a fork of a tributary, now called Deadman Gulch, of the West Fork of Big Creek. The elevation there was 4400 feet. The scarp extending easterly from there is on the north face of Pierce Creek which flows into Big Creek a mile below the confluence of the West Fork and the Middle Fork. A half mile to the west of the homestead site is the divide between Trout Creek and Big Creek, and up that divide at the head of Deadman Gulch is Lemonade Peak, elevation 5651 feet. To the north is the Pine Creek drainage of the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River. STORM CREEK - SETZER CREEK Rock Creek - Storm Creek - Setzer Creek -- These three creeks flow off of Flash Peak, Storm Mountain and the North Fork divide to flow into the St. Joe River. The upper elevations are over 5600 feet with a higher ridge (Cedar Mountain) to the north. The ridge camp was at 5600 feet elevation, and the camp at the back of Storm Creek was at 3500 feet. Avery, at the mouth of the North Fork of the St. Joe River, is at 2500 feet. Slate Creek flows past Cedar Mountain to the west and enters the river at 2400 feet. BULLION CREEK Bullion Creek -- The Bullion Mine is near the head of Bullion Creek just off the Bitterroot Divide. The elevation at the mine is 4900 feet. Bullion Creek flows westerly to join the North Fork of the St. Joe River at 3150 feet elevation. The St. Paul Pass Tunnel bored through the Bitterroot Divide between Roland and East Portal at an elevation of 4150 feet. The Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound Railway opened the tunnel and its main line in 1909. From Taft eastward the CM&PS Railway paralleled the Northern Pacific Railroad's Wallace extension along the St. Regis River. The elevation at Taft is 3600 feet. Wallace is six miles down the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River from Mullan. Mullan's elevation is 3300 feet. The elevation of Stevens Peak is 6838 feet, and the elevation of Lookout Pass is 4725 feet. DE FAUT GULCH (DRY CREEK) De Faut Gulch -- De Faut Gulch is now called Dry Creek, which flows into the Clark Fork between Clark Fork, Idaho and Heron, Montana. The braided channels of the Clark Fork, which flow into Pend Oreille Lake, are just west of Clark Fork, Idaho. The main line of the Northern Pacific Railroad crossed De Faut Gulch near its mouth. To the south beyond the head of De Faut Gulch is the Coeur d'Alene River drainage. SWAMP CREEK Swamp Creek -- Swamp Creek flows out of the mountains onto the bottomlands of the Clark Fork five miles north of Trout Creek, Montana and just across the valley from Tuscor Creek. The elevation along this reach of the Clark Fork is around 2300 feet. At the head of Swamp Creek are Goat Peak, 6889 feet, and Flat Top Mountain, 7590 feet. The main line of the Northern Pacific Railroad crossed Swamp Creek near its mouth.

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OPERATION MARKET-GARDEN XVIII US Airborne Corps Maj, Gen. Matthew B. Ridgeway 82nd U.S. Airborne Division "All American" Brig. Gen. James M. Gavin 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment Col. Tucker 1st Battalion Harrison 2nd Battalion Wellems 3rd Battalion Cook Col. Ekman 1st Battalion Maj. Long 2nd Battalion Maj. Vandervoort 3rd Battalion Maj. Kaiser Col. Roy E. Lindquist Lt. Col. Shields Warren, Jr. 2nd Battalion Lt. Col. Otho E. Holmes 3rd Battalion Lt. Col. Louis G. Mendez Operation Market Garden included the single, largest, airborne military operation in the history of the world to date. Almost 39,000 armed men, including US, British, and Polish troops, participated in the airborne action. Due to limited airlift capacity, the operation had to be performed in three waves into the three invasion zones in Holland, being an area north of Eindhoven, an area south and east of Nijmegen, and an area west of Arnhem. The first two areas were selected for drop zones because they were near the bridges, the third which was farthest from the objective because it had the best conditions for glider landings. The bridges had to be taken and held so that Allied ground forces could move northward from Belgium towards Arnhem, and create a base of operation to eventually strike into Germany. "If you see a white plane, it's American, if you see a black plane it's RAF. If you see no planes at all it's the Luftwaffe". The US Army 82nd Airborne Division, commanded by Brigadier General James Gavin, used roughly the same number of planes and gliders to transport the 12,500 men, the heavy guns, jeeps and other ground support equipment. They, too, landed in three waves over a three-day period, and jumped into the Grave/Groesbeek/Nijmegen area. The 82nd Airborne dropped with the minimal loss of two Dakotas. The 504th Parachute Infantry dropped at Grave (with a company of the 2nd Battalion dropped west of the bridge) while the 505th Parachute Infantry and 508th Parachute Infantry dropped on the Groesbeek Heights with the 376th Parachute Artillery Battalion (the first ever parachute deployment of artillery into battle). Meanwhile, the 508th and 505th Parachute Infantry Regiments had set up defensive positions either side of Groesbeek village Relieved of much of the responsibility for Nijmegen, the 82nd Airborne mounted an attack with the 504th and 508th Parachute Infantry Regiments on the Groesbeek Heights and pushed Corps 'Feldt' off for good. The regiment was dropped with the 508th Regiment at Drop Zone 'T’ on the other side of Groesbeek. Now only one target remained, the bridge at Nijmegen. The 508th regiment was entrusted with this target. The regiment also had to defend the landing zones and secure the Groesbeek heights in the north. Immediately after the landing, Gavin ordered Colonel Lindquist’s 508th regiment to head for the bridge along the east side of the city, avoiding the built-up area. But due to a misunderstanding, Lindquist thought he was to advance only after he secured his other objectives. As a result, he moved towards Nijmegen late in the afternoon through the built-up area which Gavin had wanted him to avoid. The surprise effect of his attack was lost. German troops (some from Gräbner's squadron) prevented the Americans from taking the bridge. However, the Americans succeeded in blocking Nijmegen’s access roads. The 82nd Airborne Division’s first day was successful. All of its objectives, except one, had been achieved. Copyright and all other rights reserved by the Family and Friends of The 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment Association or by those who are otherwise cited, For problems or questions regarding this web site, please contact Jumpmaster.

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Weekly Parashah iLearn Torah Parashat Yitro by Rabbi Yehudah Zoldan(Bar Ilan U.) 21.01.2019 10:59 Comments: 0 Categories: Weekly Parashah Tags: torah shabbat parashah shemot yitro "The people come to me to inquire of G-d" To Jethro's question as to what Moses was doing to the people, Moses replies (Ex. 18:15-16): It is because the people come to me to inquire of G-d. When they have a dispute, it comes before me, and I decide between one person and another, and I make known the laws and teachings of G-d. Resolving conflicts between one another is defined as inquiring of G-d. It is not only a matter of seeing to a well-ordered society, which requires a method of conflict resolution in order to enable disputants to carry on amicably or to find the correct balance between them, but also a matter of clarifying the will of G-d in order to reveal the truth and render justice in the situation at hand. In any civilized society human beings establish laws and rules that make it possible to maintain the social order and public life. The laws of the Torah, however, are intended to direct us towards the proper heavenly order by which the world will be well-run and just. "To inquire of G-d [Elohim]"—the word elohim also denotes the judges who adjudicate the laws of the Torah (Midrash Tanhuma [Buber ed.], Parashat Aharei-Mot 12): In all charges of misappropriation—pertaining to an ox, an ass, a sheep, a garment, or any other loss, whereof one party alleges, "This is it"—the case of both parties shall come before G-d: he whom G-d declares guilty… (Ex. 22:8). He whom G-d [Elohim] declares guilty—Elohim means the judges, for it is written of them: "You shall not revile G-d [Elohim]" (Ex. 22:27).[1] Divine justice is brought to light and clarified by the said judges, and therefore they are given this special appellation: Rabbi Hiyya b. Rab of Difti recited to them: The people stood about Moses from morning until evening—now, can you really think that Moses sat and judged all day? When was his learning done? But it is to teach you: Every judge who judges with complete fairness, even for a single hour, the Writ gives him credit as though he had become a partner to the Holy One, blessed be He, in the act of creation. (Shabbat 10a) Rabbi Samuel b. Nahmani, reporting Rabbi Jonathan, said: A judge who delivers a judgment in perfect truth causes the Divine Presence to dwell in Israel, for it is written: G-d stands in the divine assembly; among the divine beings He pronounces judgment (Ps. 82:1). And he who does not deliver judgments in perfect truth causes the Divine Presence to depart from the midst of Israel, for it is written: "Because of the groans of the plundered poor and needy, I will now act," says the Lord (Ps. 12:6). (Sanhedrin 7a) A judge who delivers judgment in perfect truth—one who examines the case thoroughly, elucidating all sides of the issue as is fit and proper, and who instructs the parties how to act becomes a partner with the Holy One, blessed be He, in building the world and in causing the Divine Presence to be felt on earth. Thus Rav Kook explained the unique character of the laws of the Torah: Insofar as the divine laws stem from the source of supreme Truth, their objective is not merely the immediate one of settling passing disputes in the life of mankind, rather they are to elevate all life and existence, proceeding from the foundation of supreme Truth imbued in them. For they cause the Divine Presence to dwell in the world and bring their influence to bear on mankind and the world.[2] The seat of the Sanhedrin, the High Court, was in the Temple, in the Chamber of Hewn Stone. "Why was the passage on laws put next to the passage on the altar? To tell you that the Sanhedrin should be placed in the Temple" (Rashi on Ex. 21:1). The Sanhedrin, judges dealing with the Lord's laws, are part and parcel of the way in which the Divine Presence dwells in the Temple. Alongside the legal system that Moses instituted at Jethro's suggestion, he taught the Law to Joshua and the seventy elders, transferring to them the ability and authority to instruct and rule on the Halakhah, this being the act of ordination (Maimonides, Hilkhot Sanhedrin 4.1): Our teacher, Moses, ordained Joshua by placing his hands upon him, as Numbers 27:23 states: "He laid his hands upon him and commissioned him." Similarly, Moses ordained the seventy elders and the Divine Presence rested upon them. Those elders ordained others, and the others still others in later generations. This tradition extends back to the court of Joshua and the court of Moses. Ordination signifies that the person thus ordained is fit to teach Halakhahbecause he carries on the tradition of instruction and halakhic ruling from the time of Moses, who received the Law from the Almighty at Mount Sinai. At a later period, the Romans decreed it illegal to ordain teachers of Halakhah(Sanhedrin 14a): Once the wicked Government decreed that whoever performed an ordination should be put to death, and whoever received ordination should be put to death, the city in which the ordination took place demolished, and the boundaries wherein it had been performed, uprooted. What did Rabbi Judah b. Baba do? He went and sat between two great mountains, between two large cities; between the Sabbath boundaries of the cities of Usha and Shefar`am, and there ordained five elders: Rabbi Meir, Rabbi Judah, Rabbi Simeon, Rabbi Jose and Rabbi Eliezer b. Shamu`a. Rabbi Awia adds also Rabbi Nehemia to the list. As soon as their enemies discovered them, he urged them: "My children, flee." They said to him, "what will become of you, Rabbi?" "I lie before them like a stone which none is concerned to overturn," he replied. It was said that the enemy did not stir from the spot until they had driven three hundred iron spear-heads into his body, making it like a sieve. Why was a decree passed against ordination and such a severe penalty meted out to its violators? What in this action so deeply disturbed the Romans? Apparently it was difficult for them to accept the Israelite assumption that the legal system derives its force from a Supreme source, that ever since Revelation at Mount Sinai an ordained judge (and any other judge, even if not ordained) must investigate and clarify the will of G-d according to the rulings and interpretations that have accrued through the generations up to his day. At issue here are not only human intellectual constructs by upright, justice-seeking people, but also the aspiration to know the law from a higher place. Also the adjudicants are partners in Divine justice (Exodus Rabbah [Vilna ed.], 30.1): "It was You who established equity, You who worked righteous judgment in Jacob" (Ps. 99:4). You have established equity for those who love You; for through the ordinances You have given them, they become involved in strife with one another, submit their quarrel to judgment and make peace. One could understand this as saying that the Holy One, blessed be He, is praised here for the very act of establishing justice and for making it possible for disputants to resolve their conflict and establish peace between them. Rabbi Jacob Harlap, however, has a different understanding: That is to say, were it not for the ordinances, there would be no disagreements among Israel. They come to strife only so that the light of Divine justice be translated from potential to reality, but as soon as a ruling on the law is issued, they make peace. Any issue that arises between two Jews is but to reveal part of the Oral Law that stems from the deepest will of the Almighty, who for the sake of His justice desires to magnify and glorify the Law, that all of G-d's laws be revealed in actual practice. Not only laws concerning relations between man and G-d have come down to us from the heavenly origins of their foundation, but also laws and ordinances governing relations between one person and another have come down to us with all their roots and origins. Do not dare to imagine that the ordinances between one and another are all only of this world, established in the wake of conflicts between one person and another; rather, they also are deeply rooted on high, and from that heavenly foundation the laws and conflicts come into existence, they being the fundamental revelation of the Oral Law.[3] Strife and conflict between human beings come into being so that the Divine law will be revealed and exposited, unlike the case with other legal systems, in which rulings, laws or regulations are established solely on the basis of human constructs. Not all possible eventualities can always be predicted, and legal rulings, laws or regulations are established in the wake of accumulated cases and experience. The laws of the Torah were given at Mount Sinai, and the role of the judge is to investigate and reveal what was said then and accordingly to determine and decide the case at hand, thus also setting the direction for future rulings. Translated by Rachel Rowen Per page: 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Le recours à l'IA devient nécessaire pour analyser en temps réel les risques qui menacent l'entreprise et prendre les mesures nécessaires 24/24 heures et 7/7 jours. About Us Privacy Terms FAQ Invite A Friend Contact Us Bookmark Copyright © 2010-2020 24jewish.net

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Meet Director of Pan African Cultural Heritage Institute Appointed By ADTourism January 7, 2019 No Comments The Pan African Cultural Heritage Institute has appointed as its first director Dr. Phyllis Gray Ray, Chair and Professor of Sociology/Criminology at Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, FL.The Pan African Cultural Heritage Institute was founded by Rev. Dr. Eugene Franklin, chair of the Florida Black Chamber of Commerce, as a part of the Pan African American Cultural Heritage to educate, celebrate and promote the culture and connectivity of the people of the African Diaspora. Dr. Yvonne Freeman, the owner of the Alliance for Global Education and Leadership in Atlanta will serve as chair of the Institute. As director of the Institute, Dr. Gray Ray, who has produced approximately 20 professional research final reports, and has presented nearly 60 papers at national and international conferences, will be in charge of providing documentation and research related to black culture. A foremost researcher and veteran in getting needed funding, Dr. Gray Ray has generated close to 10 million dollars in external research funds. Her research has been funded by such noted Organizations as the National Science Foundation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U. S. Department of Education, the Kellogg Foundation and various departments of the government of Mississippi. Dr. Gray Ray will use her expertise in funding to help with some of the Institute’s projects. In addition to cultural heritage and cultural commerce research, some of the goals of the Institute include the launch of the Leadership Academy which will serve to develop leaders and cultural ambassadors with character and integrity. The Institute has already set up youth academies, a speaker’s bureau and an arts and entertainment department will do various conferences, workshops and seminars and festivals related to black cultural awareness. The Institute will help to enhance the platforms and visibility of cultural heritage artists in various cities, thereby contributing to the livelihood of the artists. For the past 30 plus years, in addition to her research, Dr. Gray Ray, the founding Director of the National Black Graduate Student Association, Inc., has used her professorship to teach about the African American Experience in areas of race relations, classism, the justice system and crime and several other topics related to race. Her administrative leadership skills include having once served as a coordinator, director, department head, dean, and a vice-president where her social and scholarly network has spanned across the African Diaspora. She is the author of “From Imagining to Understanding the African American Experience” which will be the basis of the core curriculum of the Institutes Leadership Academy. Dr. Gray Ray wrote this book to aid individuals in developing their “sociological imaginations” and to broaden their understanding of the “Sociology of the Black Experience,” particularly in the United States’ multicultural society. Her book provides a unique sociological exploration of the African American experience and how it has been specifically impacted by culprits such as slavery and racism. “The reality of slavery and racism is deeply threaded throughout the fabric of the current state of African Americans and this threading must be understood,” explains Dr. Gray Ray. Dr. Gray Ray says that “From Imagining to Understanding the African American Experience” is applicable to the goal of the Institutes’ Leadership Academy since the focus of the academy will be teaching the next generation of leaders from a cultural perspective by using proven historical experiences as a teaching foundation. She hopes that the book will serve as inspiration to prepare individuals to appreciate their responsibilities in seeking out opportunities that will make their communities a better place. “Individuals and young adults who are interested in participating in the Pan African Cultural Heritage Institute’s “Leadership Academy” must be trained about the book as a part of its core of the curriculum. I hope that the Institute will have a profound and lasting impact on today’s youth, blacks in general and other races,” says Dr. Gray Ray. She intends to lead the Institute in such a way to accommodate African American students who still find themselves subjected to segregated and inferior schools that are located within their own neighborhoods. Dr. Gray Ray knows firsthand about inadequate schooling because,even though she was bright as a student, she was often overlooked and unsupported in a white school system. “The importance of educating “Negros” (African Americans) “the right way,” was first boldly introduced by William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) DuBois and Carter G. Woodson.” W.E.B. DuBois who advocated that blacks are going to have to save and educate themselves, was a crusader for the creation of a black college educated elite group leaders and teachers to educate the masses with an emphasize on heritage. Woodson, known as the “Father of Black History,” wrote the book “The Mis-education of the Negro” where he blasted the educational system in America, and described the vicious cycle that occurs when mis-educated people graduate from schools, and then go on to teach and mis-educate others. Both of these through leaders believed that black children are denied the real truth about their race and culture. Both scholars were ahead of their time, and contributed monumental knowledge through their writings, and their message is still very relevant today. “If some of their knowledge teachings had been rigorously applied especially throughout the black community, perhaps the outcome for Blacks in terms of education would have been a lot better,” says Dr. Gray Ray. “The Pan African Cultural Heritage Institute embraces these men’s philosophies, and hopes to fill gaps within the current educational system. My hope is that the Institute will have a global impact and contribute to the re-education of Americans and the Global Diaspora in terms of contributions of black people.” The philosophies and teachings of these great men will be incorporated in the curriculum and mission of the Institute, which is one of the basis for Rev. Franklin founding it. Dr. Gray Ray will work with Rev. Franklin as well as Dr. Freeman towards accomplishing these and other goals and missions of the Institute. Other goals of the Institute include working to improve and alleviate disparities not only in education, but also regarding cultural commerce issues that affects economic development in African Americans communities in particular. With the National Black Chamber of Commerce as a strategic partner and member of the Pan African Alliance, the Institute has a goal of contributing to cultural economic development. The Institute will support and work with other chambers of commerce, state and local governments, community and economic development groups of the US and global African Diaspora. Colleges, including HBCUs; institutes of higher learning, schools, churches and faith based initiatives, as well as corporations and organizations have started partnering with the Pan African Institute to help in the preservation, education and promotion of cultural heritage and cultural economic development. For more information and continued updates about the Pan African Cultural Heritage Institute, please visit panafricanchi.org. Previous PostMy Super Fun Trip to Bimini, Bahamas Next PostA Feast on West African Culture: A Look

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Planting Hope “About one in the morning, Mike’s friend called me and told me Mike had been in an accident,” Mike’s wife, Michelle Halpin, recalled about the accident. “[He] told me Mike said it was his neck and he couldn’t move his legs.” Mike Halpin, was unloading bales at the World Dairy Expo in Madison, Wisconsin when his hand caught on the twine and pulled him headfirst into the ground. After Mike was rushed to the hospital, the Halpins discovered Mike dislocated his C5 and C6 vertebrae and suffered from a spinal cord injury. Due to his injuries, Mike had no feeling or mobility from the middle of his chest down. AgrAbility helps farmers keep their independence. As a program of the University of Illinois Extension, in collaboration with Illinois Assistive Technology Program and the Community Health Partnership, AgrAbility Unlimited of Illinois promotes independence in agriculture to farmers with disabilities and their families. So after family friend connected Mike Halpin with AgrAbility Unlimited, AgrAbility partnered with the Illinois Assistive Technology Program to make necessary adaptations to the Halpin house that Mike needed to return home. It’s estimated that more than one million people engaged in agricultural production are restricted from performing essential tasks due to physical limitation. A love of farming keeps people going Despite these obstacles, many like Mike Halpin persevere and continue farming. “I do anything I can to help out. I want to work.” While Mike cannot get into a tractor, he still contributes as much as he can to his family’s 4,000 acre farm near Cullom, Illinois. He keeps up with the farm office work, like keeping track of yields, insurance claims, and grain tickets. “When the harvest was completed, we didn’t have that mess to go through like we’ve had in the past.” Staying involved with the community “We’re still being involved in the things that we care about,” Michelle explained. The Halpins still participate in different community activities and cow shows. Mike was also reelected to a 3-year term on the alumbi board. “We’re definitely putting more of an effort to still do those things that we did before Mike’s accident, and [we’re] just figuring out how we can still do them,” Michelle “because it’s what we really enjoy.” Mike’s current goal is to walk unassisted by the two-year anniversary of his accident on October 5, 2018. AgrAbility was recently featured in the Fall 2018 magazine of ACES@Illinois, a publication for the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Sciences. Click here to read the full article from the Fall 2018 issue of ACES@Illinois.

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porn - javhd - hentai AIDC Perspective Political Economy Alternatives AIDC Programme Updates Dismantling Corporate Power One Million Climate Jobs Campaign Amandla! Media About Amandla! Media Amandla Ulutsha Amandla! Archive Solidarity Centre Amadiba Crisis Comittee Botshabelo Unemployment Movement Lutzville PE Amandla Forum Progressive Youth Movement South African Green Revolutionary Council Home › Amandla › The problem with the past is that it doesn’t pass: on the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution The problem with the past is that it doesn’t pass: on the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution Posted on February 15, 2017 by AIDC — 1 Comment ↓ by Por Boaventura de Sousa Santos* This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution (RR) and also the 150th anniversary of the publication of the first volume of Karl Marx’ Das Kapital. Combining the two historic dates may seem strange because Marx never wrote in detail about the revolution and communist society and, even if he had, it is unimaginable that what he might have written could bear any resemblance to what the Soviet Union (USSR) was, especially after Stalin took over the leadership of both the party and the State. The truth is that many of the discussions raised by Marx’ book during the 20th century outside the USSR were an indirect way of discussing the merits and demerits of the RR. Now that revolutions started in the name of Marxism either came to an end or evolved into … capitalism, perhaps Marx and Marxism can finally be discussed as they deserve – as social theory. The truth is that Marx’s Capital, whose first one thousand copies took a whole five years to be sold before it came to be one of the most influential books of the 20th century, has recently become a bestseller again and, two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, was finally being read in countries that had been part of the USSR. What kind of appeal may such a dense book hold? How appealing can it be at a time when both public opinion and the overwhelming majority of intellectuals are convinced that capitalism will not end and that, if it eventually does, it will certainly not be followed by socialism? Twenty-three years ago, I wrote a text about Marxism as social theory. In one of my next columns I will address what, in my view, has changed or not changed since and will try to answer these questions. Today I shall be focusing on the meaning of the Russian Revolution. The debates on the Russian Revolution that will take place over the current year will most likely repeat everything that has already been said and discussed, to probably end with a final feeling that a consensus on whether the RR was a success or a failure is simply impossible. At first sight this seems somewhat strange, because whether the RR is considered to have reached its end when Stalin came to power (Trotsky, one of the leaders of the revolution, was of this opinion) or with Boris Yeltsin’s coup d’état in 1993, it seems obvious that it failed. And yet, this is not exactly evident, and the reason does not lie in the assessment of the past, but rather in the assessment of our present. The triumph of the RR lies in the fact that it raised all the problems that capitalist societies are still facing today. Its failure lies in the fact that it didn’t solve any of those problems. Except one. In my next columns, I will address some of the problems that the RR was not able to solve and which continue to haunt us. Today I wish to discuss the only problem that the RR did solve. Can capitalism promote the well-being of the large majorities without the existence of a credible and unequivocal alternative to capitalism in the field of social struggle? This was the problem that the RR did solve, and the answer is No. The RR proved to the working classes all over the world, and especially the European ones, that capitalism was not an inevitability, that there was an alternative to poverty, to the insecurity caused by imminent unemployment, the prepotency of employers, to governments serving the interests of powerful minorities while claiming to do the opposite. But the RR happened in one of the most backward countries in Europe, and Lenin was well aware of the fact that the success of the world socialist revolution and of the RR itself depended on its ability to extend into the most developed countries with their sound industrial base and their extensive working classes. At the time, one of these countries was Germany. The failure of the 1918-1919 German revolution resulted in the division of the workers’ movement and a significant part of it started to believe that it was possible to achieve the same goals by different means other than the Russian workers’. But the concept of an alternative society to capitalist society did remain intact. What was later to be termed reformism, the gradual and democratic process towards a socialist society that combined the social achievements of the RR with the western countries’ democratic political achievements, was thus consolidated. In the post-war period, reformism gave rise to European social democracy, a political system that combined high levels of productivity with high levels of social protection. For the first time in history, the working classes were able to make plans for their lives and the future of their children. Public education, health, and social security, among many other social and labor rights. It became clear that social democracy would never lead to a socialist society but it seemed to guarantee the irreversible end of ‘wild’ capitalism and its replacement by capitalism with a human face. In the meanwhile, on the other side of the iron curtain, despite Stalin’s terror, or precisely because of it, the Soviet Republic (USSR) was showing a prodigious industrial vigor which, within the space of a few decades, did transform one of the most backward regions in Europe into an industrial power that could compete with western capitalism, and, most especially, with the United States, the country that had emerged from World War II as the most powerful nation in the world. This competition eventually translated into the Cold War, which dominated international politics in the following decades. It determined the relief of a good part of the huge debt that Western Germany had incurred during the two wars that the country had waged on Europe and which it had lost. It was necessary to provide Western German capitalism with the conditions to compete with the development of Eastern Germany, at the time the most developed of Soviet republics. The divisions among the parties that claimed to defend the workers’ interests (the socialist or social-democratic parties and the communist parties) were an important part of the Cold War, with the socialists attacking the communists on the ground that they were connivant with Stalin’s crimes and they defended the Soviet dictatorship, and the Communists attacking the socialists for having betrayed the socialist cause and for being right-wing parties often at the service of US imperialism. Little did they imagine at the time how much they had in common. But the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the USSR collapsed soon after. It was the end of socialism, the end of a clear alternative to capitalism, unconditionally and incautiously celebrated by democrats throughout the world. However, to the surprise of many, neoliberalism, the most anti-social version of 20th century capitalism, was experiencing a global consolidation, progressively articulated (notably after Bill Clinton’s presidency) with the most predatorial version of capitalist accumulation: financial capital. The war against economic and social rights intensified, productivity gains became separated from wage growth, unemployment returned as the usual ghost, wealth concentration increased exponentially. It was the war against social democracy which in Europe was thereafter led by the European Commission under the leadership of Durão Barroso, as well as by the European Central Bank. As recent years have shown, with the fall of the Berlin Wall, not only did socialism collapsed but social democracy has also collapsed. It has become clear that the achievements of the working classes in the previous decades had been possible because the USSR and the alternative to capitalism did exist. They represented a major threat to capitalism, which, mobilizing its survival instinct, had made the necessary concessions (taxation, social regulation) in order to guarantee its reproduction. When the alternative collapsed and was no longer a threat, capitalism ceased to fear its enemies and returned to its predatory, wealth-concentrating madness, trapped in its own urge to successively create and destroy massive wealth, including human wealth. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, there have been some similarities with the period of the Holy Alliance which, from 1815, and after the defeat of Napoleon, sought to sweep away from the imagination of Europeans all the achievements of the French Revolution. Not by coincidence, and despite the differences (the achievements of the working classes that have not yet been eliminated through democratic means), capitalist accumulation is now extremely aggressive, being reminiscent of the pre-RR period. And all this suggests that until a credible alternative to capitalism emerges, the situation of workers, the poor, emigrants, pensioners, the always-on-the-verge-of-abruptly-falling-into-poverty middle classes will not be significantly improved. The alternative will obviously not be the kind of alternative that was created by the RR (neither would it be a good one if it were). But it will have to be a clear alternative. To have shown this was the great merit of the Russian Revolution. 1 By Russian Revolution I mean exclusively the October Revolution because that was the revolution that shook the world and impacted on the lives of about one third of the world’s population in the following decades. It was preceded by the February Revolution, in the year when the Tsar was deposed, and it lasted until October 26 (according to the Julian calendar used in Russia at the time), when the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin and Trotsky, seized power with the watchwords “Peace, Bread, and Land”, “All Power to the Soviets” i.e., the workers, peasants, and soldiers’ councils. 2 Pela Mão de Alice, originally published in 1994. See 9th revised and expanded edition, published 2013 by Edições Almedina, 2013, p.33-56. *Boaventura de Sousa Santos is portuguese professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, University of Coimbra (Portugal), distinguished legal scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School, and global legal scholar at the University of Warwick. Co-founder and one of the main leaders of the World Social Forum. Article provided to Other News by the author Source: Other News ‹ Manufactured Consent – Power, Media and Think-tanks “Save our Water” demonstration in upmarket Cape Town Restaurant: › Posted in Amandla Tagged with: Centenary since Russian Revolution, Russian Revolution One comment on “The problem with the past is that it doesn’t pass: on the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution” Keith Williams says: This author repeats all aspects of the narrative of the western imperialists to denigrate the gains of the Russian Revolution. The consequences of the Revolution are just held to be bad without any analysis or any true investigation. He cannot hide the sins of capitalism, but his main message is that the Revolution has nothing to teach us. It was an unmitigated catastrophe. The Heritage Foundation and such right-wing think-tanks would give him an unanimous round of applause. Latest Amandla! Out Now Voices of the Streets – Episode 5: Never Again India Voices of the Streets – Episode 4: Rural womens’ struggles in Southern Africa 2019 updates – The Southern Africa Campaign to Dismantle Corporate Power VOICES OF THE STREETS – Episode 3: Violently Displaced Refugees Voices of the Streets – Episode 2: Tito’s budget for the rich Voices of the Streets – Episode 1: Decent Housing Now! AIDC was formed in 1996 in response to the democratic transition in South Africa and the new opportunities and challenges it brought those seeking greater social justice within the democracy. Over the years AIDC has played a leading role in various civil society responses to ongoing inequality including facilitating the launch and building of the South African Jubilee 2000 debt cancellation campaign, and the Right to Work Campaign. Enter your details below to subscribe to the AIDC Newsletter. 129 Rochester Road Observatory, Cape Town Email: info@aidc.org.za © 2020 AIDC. All Rights Reserved. Sitemap

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Antislavery Usable Past Slavery in Museums Teaching Slavery Notice: Undefined index: type in /var/www/omeka-2.3.1/application/views/helpers/ItemSearchFilters.php on line 92 Bought and Sold, Somebody's Sister Freedom sculpture Remembering Slavery 2007 was a regional initiative involving museums, galleries and other cultural organisations across the North East of England in a programme of exhibitions, events, performances, lectures and activities to explore the themes of slavery and abolition, in both historical and modern contexts. The project sought to connect the North East with the slave trade, the plantation economies of the Americas, and the social and political movements for abolition. Featured here are the 'What's On' guides detailing various initiatives across the region in 2007, plus a selection of postcards from the project. The Iniquity of Slavery Durham University Library holds many archives relating to the slave trade in its Special Collections due to a connection with the family of abolitionist Granville Sharp. This is supplemented by material relating to the West Indies and the slave trade in the papers of the Prime Minister between 1830 and 1834, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey. This material had already been used in a series of online resources available to download on the 4schools website. Central to their bicentenary commemorations in 2007 was a special event to recreate the image of the slave ship ‘Brookes’ using a life-size print of the middle deck and populating it with nearly 300 students from local schools. Students were also given the opportunity to learn African dance and drumming. The handling collection, print and resources produced as a result of this event are still in use for outreach work with local schools. In 1999, Vi was one of about 250 workers brought from Vietnam on a labor contract. A South Korean businessman named Kil Soo Lee had bought a garment factory near Pago Pago, in American Samoa, and required sewing machine operators. Vi was recruited by a Vietnamese government-owned enterprise called Tourism Company 12, and told she was heading for the US. Like the other recruits, she paid $5000 to cover the cost of airfare and work permits, and signed a three-year contract in exchange for monthly paychecks of around $400, plus free meals and housing, and return air fare. But upon arrival in American Samoa, the recruits were forced to work to pay off smuggling fees. Lee confiscated their passports to prevent them from escaping, and quickly stopped paying them altogether, though kept charging them for room and board. He withheld food, ordered beatings, and forced them to work 14-18 hour days. Female employees were sexually assaulted, and those who became pregnant were forced to have abortions or return to Vietnam. Vi’s story of slavery is also one of prosecution. In 2000, two workers at Lee’s factory sought legal help from attorneys. On behalf of more than 250 factory workers, the attorneys filed a pro-bono class-action lawsuit against Daewoosa and the Vietnamese government. The case was publicized by human rights groups, and the two workers who asked for legal help disappeared. Their bodies were never found. Then, in November 2000, a group of workers refused to return to their sewing machines, and a fight ensued between workers and factory guards. During the incident, one woman lost an eye and two other workers were hospitalized. This gained the attention of local law enforcement and the FBI Field Office in Honolulu began investigating Daewoosa in February 2001. Enforcing the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), federal agents closed down the factory and arrested Lee on charges of involuntary servitude and forced labor. He was deported to Hawaii in March 2001. Though the recruiting companies and the Vietnamese government refused to pay for the workers’ flights home, they left American Samoa. Some returned to Vietnam and more than 200, including Vi, were flown to the US and admitted as potential witnesses for the prosecution at Lee’s trial. In April 2002, the High Court of American Samoa ordered the factory and two Vietnamese government-owned labor agencies to pay $3.5 million to the workers. Lee claimed bankruptcy. In February 2003, he was found guilty of involuntary servitude, extortion, money laundering and bribery, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. The court also ordered him to pay $1.8 million in restitution to the workers. Vi, and the other Vietnamese workers who came to the US, applied for “T” visas, issued to victims of trafficking as a result of the TVPA. After several months in slavery, Beatrice Fernando reached the point of no return. Standing on a fourth-floor balcony in Beirut, Lebanon, she realized there was “no other way to get home” but to “dive backwards.” In a recent interview she explained of her decision to step off the balcony: “When we take a step against slavery, the world will take another step.”In 1980, at the age of 23, Beatrice had responded to an advertisement for work as a housemaid in Lebanon. She left her home country of Sri Lanka, intending to send money to her parents and her three-year-old son. But in Beirut she became a domestic slave. She was locked inside a home, starved, beaten, never paid, and forbidden from communicating with the outside world. Guards were instructed to shoot her if she tried to leave. After she reached a turning-point and escaped by jumping from the apartment’s fourth floor, she spent 21 days in a coma. Doctors told her that she was paralyzed. After 14 months in hospital she recovered from the paralysis and returned to Sri Lanka. In 1989 she came to live and work in the US. Anti-Slavery International, 2007 The world's oldest human rights organisation, Anti-Slavery International, led several initiatives in response to the bicentenary. The Fight for Freedom 1807-2007 Campaign, launched in 2005, called for measures to address the continuing legacies of the slave trade. The publication '1807-2007: Over 200 years of campaigning against slavery' looked back at the work of Anti-Slavery International and its predecessor organisations. The Spotlight on Slavery series of exhibitions and events included debates, lectures, film screenings and photography exhibitions. Anti-Slavery International also collaborated with a number of other organisations and projects in 2007, including Rendezvous of Victory and Set All Free, and contributed exhibition material to various exhibitions around the UK, including the Remembering Slavery exhibition at the Discovery Museum in Newcastle. Slavery in Lake Volta Sweet History? The Sweet History? project saw the Bristol Architecture Centre work with young people from the Knowle West Media Centre to explore the social and economic impacts of the sugar and slave trades on the built environment heritage of Bristol. Working with local artists and historians, the young people put together the Sweet History? Trail, containing photographs and information about 23 sites in and around Bristol that have links to the sugar and slave trades. The project had a particular focus on using digital technology to develop an interactive website (which included an audio podcast of the trail) to engage youth audiences with the study of heritage buildings. Bexley: The Slavery Connection The 'Slavery Connection' project researched Bexley’s links with the transatlantic slave trade through the London borough's residents and buildings. The exhibition, which included objects from Bexley Museum, aimed to raise the level of understanding in local communities about the history of the slave trade, by highlighting numerous local connections - such as Danson House, once home to the sugar merchant and slave trader Sir John Boyd, while archives of the East Wickham estate reveal evidence of a West African coachman called Scipio. Over a two year period, the travelling exhibition was displayed at 14 sites, including local African Caribbean groups, youth centres, libraries and churches. The launch event at the Bexley African Caribbean Community Association was accompanied by displays of African dancing, drumming and drama. An educational handling box and teachers’ pack were created for use in local schools. Wearing Her Story In contrast to the trope that brands individuals’ experiences onto their backs, the No Project released a poster in 2012 titled “Wearing Her Story,” made by the artist Ismini Black. A woman’s dress hangs alongside carcasses in a butcher’s window. There are letters cut out of the dress and the words are impossible to piece together. By replacing a woman’s body with just her dress, the poster refuses to inscribe slavery’s story onto her flesh. She might wear her story like a removable item of clothing, but it is not the last word on her total identity. Instead it remains impossible to grasp and therefore consume, unlike the poster’s chunks of meat. Reading Mural Black History The project began in 1987 when Central Club approached Reading Borough Council about the possibility of a mural project. A project steering group was set up consisting of representatives of Central Club, Reading Borough Council and Berkshire County Council (who then ran Central Club as part of the Youth and Community Service). It was agreed that the project should aim to achieve a number of objectives: · A high quality visual artwork · Community involvement – both Central Club members and the wider community · Reflecting African Caribbean culture, since Central Club had a high proportion of African Caribbean members In 1988 a number of artists were interviewed, and Alan Howard was offered the commission. Alan was keen to encourage the involvement of Central Club members both in a consultative capacity but also more directly in the design and execution of the mural. An apprenticeship scheme was established, where a limited number of people were offered the opportunity to work alongside Alan and receive training in planning, design and technical skills. The process of planning the mural involved a number of steps: · Wide ranging discussions with Central Club members and the wider African Caribbean community · Consultation with funders – Reading Borough Council and Earley Charities · Consultation with neighbouring residents and businesses in the London Street area Out of this process the theme for the mural emerged, and it was agreed that the mural should depict the positive role that black people have played throughout history, including in Reading itself. The mural therefore includes figures such as Harriet Tubman, Martin Luther King and Bob Marley as well as Reading-based people involved in founding Central Club. The final panel of the mural and the various symbols look to the future and depicts a number of tools – positive and negative – that people use to shape the future. Woman to Go One major trope in 19th-century antislavery visual culture was the auction block, which featured in the Liberator masthead from 1831 to 1865 as a scene with crowds of onlookers. In 21st-century antislavery imagery, the auction block is back. In 2010, the Task Force on Human Trafficking opened an installation called “Woman to Go,” featuring real women sitting or standing on blocks behind glass in a shopping center in Tel Aviv, each with a price tag and barcode. Am I Not a Man and a Brother? Am I Not a Man and a Brother? was a piece of documentary theatre devised by Reveal Theatre Company in partnership with North Staffordshire Racial Equality Council. It used stories and testimony from the African Caribbean community in Stoke-on-Trent and North Staffordshire, interwoven with historical and contemporary slave stories. The play was produced by Robert Marsden and Julia Barton. The production was launched at the Stoke-on-Trent Racial Equality Council - where it was performed to the local people who had contributed their stories and was accompanied by a performance by a local Black choir - and then toured to venues in Bristol, London and Liverpool. “It wisnae us!” Glasgow’s built heritage, tobacco, the slave trade and abolition By the mid-18th century, Glasgow dominated Britain's tobacco and sugar imports, and the city was also involved in the slave trade. In 2007 Glasgow Built Preservation Trust (GBPT), in partnership with Glasgow Anti Racist Alliance, developed an exhibition linking Glasgow’s built heritage with the slave trade. In September 2007, Glasgow’s Doors Open Day event marked the bicentenary with walks (both guided and by podcast), a pop-up exhibition, and an evening of drama, talks and music. The event was later transformed into a week long ‘built heritage festival’, from which a travelling exhibition and city trail were created by the historian Stephen Mullen. Revealing Histories: Remembering Slavery (Museum of Science and Industry) The Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) was one of eight heritage bodies in the ‘Revealing Histories: Remembering Slavery’ partnership in Greater Manchester. The project set out to explore the history, impact and legacy of slavery on Britain through collections and community links in the North West. An exhibition and trail at MOSI explored the connections between Manchester’s economic success from the late eighteenth century onwards and its international trade, particularly the cotton trade with the USA, with its associated links to the transatlantic slave trade. Items identified in the collection included an American Civil War patriotic envelope from 1861, which satirised Britain's willingness to ignore the plight of American slaves. Other events included the creation of a series of terracotta figures depicting slaves on a slave ship by artist Annette Cobley. Workshop sessions to accompany this artwork were based on the theme of silence surrounding slavery. Hertfordshire's Hidden Histories This partnership project, led by Hertfordshire Archives, investigated the links between Hertfordshire people, the slave trade and abolition through stories from original archival documents. Project outcomes included creative workshops, a booklist, a DVD documentary, a heritage trail booklet, and collaboration with the project for the restoration of the Thomas Clarkson monument in Thundridge. The monument was erected in 1879 to mark his involvement in the campaign to abolish slavery. The ceremony to re-dedicate the monument in November 2007 involved pupils from Thundridge Primary School performing a dance that they had developed with arts-led charity Theatre Is…. Reading's Slave Links This exhibition from Reading International Solidarity Centre (RISC) in collaboration with local communities uncovered Reading’s links with the slave trade, the campaign for its abolition and its aftermath. Exploring Reading’s involvement in historical slavery and the impact on the town’s development, the exhibition focused on, for example, wealthy families in the area, the role of the Royal Berkshires in Caribbean colonies, and the story of Mary Smart, the earliest known Sierra Leonean resident in Reading. The project also sought to raise awareness of modern forms of slavery and injustice. It included workshops, a conference, and a quiz. Sharp Practice Inspired by archival research, ‘Sharp Practice’ was a touring play exploring the slave trade and the role of abolitionists from the North East of England in its demise (and, in particular, the work of Granville Sharp). The play was devised and produced by Jackass Youth Theatre, in collaboration with professional artists from Jack Drum Arts. Each performance was accompanied by an exhibition exploring the North East’s links to slavery and abolition, researched by members of the theatre group. Working with heritage professionals, their research took the performers to Newcastle, Hull, Liverpool, Gloucester, London and the University of Virginia. Leeds Bicentenary Transformation Project This collaborative community initiative celebrated African and Caribbean culture in Leeds, with a focus on commemorating the Abolition Act by 'highlighting African achievement, liberation and aspirations'. New exhibitions, publications and resources were produced and over 100 bicentenary events organised under different themes: Education and Museums; Arts and Carnival Culture; Churches and Abolition; Legacy; Black History and Community Development; Media and Communications. Highlights included the photographic exhibition and pamphlet 'From Abolition to Commonwealth', which remembered indentured labour in Africa and the Caribbean after 1807, and the 40th anniversary of Leeds West Indian Carnival, with themes that highlighted heritage, liberation, respect and freedom. Project outputs included an education pack, black history classes, concerts, church services, lectures and performances. © University of Nottingham

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Poll Finds Growing Public Worry About Social Security More than eight in 10 Americans now see the country’s Social Security system as headed for a crisis, and most think a major overhaul is in order, according to a new Washington Post-ABC News poll. Overall, 81 percent of those polled see Social Security as veering severely off-course, up 10 percentage points from 2005, when former president George W. Bush led a push to privatize the government-run program. And since that time, public support for specific changes has risen, but remains tepid. The new poll comes as another survey shows Americans’ slumping confidence in their ability to achieve a comfortable retirement. In the poll by the Employee Benefit Research Insitute, a record high 27 percent of workers said they’re “not at all confident” they’ll have enough money when they retire. Most still expect Social Security to be a source of income in their retirement. But similar to a poll six years ago, in the new Post-ABC survey, only one of six possible ways to avoid a potential shortfall in Social Security – removing the cap on income subject to its dedicated tax – tops the 50-percent-mark, and barely so. There is, however, increased support for some possible changes. There’s been a 12-percentage-point spike in the number advocating a reduction in the benefit guarantee for future retirees (although to a still small 32 percent), a 10-point jump in backing for a further reduction in benefits for early retirees and a nine-point boost in raising the retirement age by one year. Changing the benefits calculation to slow increases now draws about as many supporters as opponents (45 to 48 percent), a shift from 2005, when opposition neared 60 percent. In 2005, Democrats in Congress were preferred to Bush on the issue by a dozen points. Now, 44 percent side with the Republicans in Congress when it comes to dealing with Social Security; 42 percent put more faith in President Obama. The parity comes from lower Democratic support for the president on the issue, compared with Republican backing of the GOP (70 vs. 83 percent). Political independents prefer the president on the issue, 48 to 34 percent. Beyond partisan leanings, age plays a big role in public opinion. Fully 58 percent of seniors advocate raising the retirement age, compared with 35 percent of those aged 40 to 64. Similarly, older adults are the least supportive of slowing the growth of retirement benefits. This telephone poll was conducted March 10 to 13, among a random national sample of 1,005 adults. The results from the full poll have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. Read more at The Washington Post. One of the more popular ideas for improving the finances of the Social Security system is to raise the maximum level of... Some Democratic tax proposals are focused on making millionaires and billionaires pay more, but other households would... A bipartisan group of lawmakers led by Utah Republican Sen. Mitt Romney introduced legislation Tuesday that would...

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Go to…Home Contact You are here: Home » Publications @ar AEF – 12 septembre 2019 Select Month November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 September 2005 July 2005 June 2005 April 2005 March 2005 January 2005 November 2004 October 2004 September 2004 June 2004 May 2004 April 2004 March 2004 February 2004 November 2003 October 2003 September 2003 June 2003 April 2003 March 2003 February 2003 January 2003 October 2002 September 2002 July 2002 April 2002 March 2002 February 2002 January 2002 October 2001 July 2001 June 2001 May 2001 April 2001 October 2000 September 2000 July 2000 June 2000 May 2000 April 2000 February 2000 January 2000 December 1999 November 1999 October 1999 July 1999 June 1999 May 1999 March 1999 February 1999 January 1999 December 1998 November 1998 October 1998 June 1998 January 1998 October 1997 May 1997 February 1997 January 1997 November 1996 October 1996 July 1996 April 1996 Copyright © 2020 AB Conseil

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Royal BC Museum Collections inscribed into the Canadian Commission for UNESCO’s Canada Memory of the World Project On March 27, 2018, two collections from the Royal BC Museum—the Vancouver Island Treaties and the Ida Halpern fonds—were accepted for inscription on the Canadian Commission for UNESCO's Canada Memory of the World register. The Memory of the World Program, created by UNESCO in 1992, showcases the most significant documents of our shared heritage. This new national register highlights documentary treasures from across Canada. In this first list of recipients, we are proud that the Royal BC Museum is the guardian of the only two collections west of Winnipeg. The two Royal BC Museum collections exemplify our commitment to highlight and make accessible the “memory” of humanity—particularly materials with Indigenous content. These efforts are part of the museum and archives’ response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s Calls to Action. To ensure Indigenous researchers and communities can access these records with ease, we have digitized the Vancouver Island Treaties and the Ida Halpern sound recordings. A copy of the treaties has been given to each of the signatory nations, and we are engaged in returning digital versions of the songs in the Halpern collection to descendants of the singers. We seek knowledge and information about the records from the communities to help us better represent these collections in our online catalogue. Our goal is to include Indigenous perspectives in our documentation of the records. In creating the Canada Memory of the World Register in May 2017, the Canadian Commission for UNESCO envisioned it as a reflection of the immense diversity of the documentary heritage that is significant to Canada, a country whose roots extend from the initial settling of the land by Indigenous Peoples up to the present time. The Royal BC Museum looks forward to the benefits that inscription on the Canada Memory of the World register will bring: a national audience, greater universal access to this documentary heritage, and an increased awareness of the significance of these valued documents. Home > Explore > Canada Memory of the World

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GBA Gets Stung by Yggdra BRYAN BOULETTE Sting, the development house behind Evolution Worlds for the Nintendo Gamecube and Riviera for the Game Boy Advance, has announced its next project: Yggdra Union, a new strategy RPG for the Game Boy Advance. The game carries a tag line of "We'll never fight alone." Yggdra Union allows for the movement of multi-character units, similar to those used in the Langrisser and Ogre Battle games, across a grid-based map. When two units meet in battle, the game switches to a close-up view of its sprite-based characters arrayed for combat. Characters will make use of a class system, and the first screenshots show off classes such as Fencer, Sword Maiden, Hunter, and Assassin. Yggdra Union will also incorporate a card system, though it is currently unclear what role these cards will play in the game. The three main characters of Yggdra Union are: Yggdra, the Queen of a conquered kingdom: She has inherited the legendary sword which has been passed down from generation to generation in the royal family, and when her kingdom falls under attack, she is the only survivor of its ruling family that manages to escape. Yggdra seeks to restore the freedom of her land. Milanor, the Thief King: Known as the Silver Wolf, Milanor is the leader of a band of thieves that has been increasing in popularity due to its ideals of justice. Yggdra seeks Milanor's aid in regaining her kingdom's freedom. Emperor Gulcasa: Gulcasa has only recently ascended to power, having overthrown the previous emperor through a military coup. He has since imposed a dictatorship and instituted a policy of strengthening the military and expanding the empire. His forces conquer Yggdra's land. Yggdra Union has been announced for a spring 2006 release in Japan, and its official website can be found here. The website currently contains story and character information in Japanese, as well as tons of artwork from the game. No North American release has been announced at this time. RPGamer will continue to report on additional information on this title as it comes to light. Yggdra Union

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TOP STORY >> Alligator wrestling comes to Ward Leader staff write What do you do when you see an alligator about to cross the road? Faced with that question Tuesday evening, Lonoke County Sheriff Jim Roberson, a former rodeo performer, lassoed the animal and jumped on its back like it was one of the bucking broncos or bulls he rode in his younger days. Then while the sheriff held the gator’s mouth, one of the 20 or so motorists who had stopped to watch the unusual sight taped it closed. “We called the Game and Fish but they were going to be awhile and he was trying to get away,” the sheriff said. The spectacle was played out on Hwy. 38 between Butlerville and Coco’s restaurant in Ward. The sheriff said he acted because he was afraid that just the sight of an alligator near the highway was enough to cause wrecks. Except for one scratch on the sheriff’s finger, no one was injured. But the sheriff said catching the gator was trickier than he thought it would be. “I was worried about his head, but his tail was just about as vicious,” he said. When Game and Fish officials arrived, Roberson said he helped load the gator into a truck and he hoped it was relocated to a place where it could help thin out the beaver population. The gator, a 5-foot, 3-inch female that was likely in search of a mate since May and June are the breeding season, was released unharmed into the backwater of the Arkansas River, said Kelly Irwin, herpetologist for the Game and Fish Commission and the state’s leading expert on alligators. Irwin said the 2,800 alligators that were taken from the swamps of Louisiana and released mostly in the southeastern third of Arkansas between 1972 and 1984 have increased to as many as 5,000. But the population does not appear to be expanding and neither is their range. According to the Game and Fish Web site, most adult alligators are 6 to 12 feet in length. But females are usually smaller than males and stop growing at 6 to 7 feet. Alligator have been in Arkansas for thousands of years before settlers cleared and drained the land where they lived and hunted them without restriction, Irwin said. By the 1960s they were on the endangered species list but 30 years of federal and state regulation and restocking efforts have increased their numbers throughout the southeastern U.S. Now they are protected, but no longer endangered. In Arkansas, there is even a hunting season the last two weekends in September in which a lottery, much like the one used for elk hunting, allows the taking of 32 alligators. About 80 percent of Arkansas’ imported alligators were placed on private property at the request of the owners who hoped they would thin out the beavers that dam waterways and cause flooding problems, Irwin said. Since adult alligators eat fish, birds, beavers, otters and other mammals, the theory was plausible. But beavers, which Irwin said rebounded without assistance from Game and Fish, still thrives in the state. For the most part, alligators are not dangerous, he said, adding that he has heard of no injuries from alligators in the nine years he has lived in Arkansas. “Most move away when humans approach but females are protective of their nests,” he said. Stopping short of calling the sheriff’s actions illegal, Irwin said not even local law enforcement officers have the authority to trap an alligator. From the pictures he saw of the area it looked like it was not heavily populated. The gator appeared to be in a horse pasture where it was not a danger to small children or pets. “That is a wild animal. They need to contact Game and Fish and let us deal with the situation,” he said. The agency has teams all over the state trained to deal with nuisance black bears and alligators. So what should you do when you see an alligator about to cross the road? The alligator is protected by state and federal laws, and it is illegal to feed, possess, harass or kill them, Irwin said. He suggested leaving them alone and calling the Game and Fish Commission to handle trapping it. “Keep an eye on it, but keep your distance,” he said. Posted by THE LEADER at 1:14 AM EDITORIAL >> Lottery boss hits jackpot After dallying with lottery legislation themselves for months, Arkansas lawmakers suddenly insisted that speed was essential and stampeded the state Lottery Commission into hiring a director of the Arkansas lottery Friday. They hired a man who had not applied for the job at a salary far exceeding the one that he is getting and about whom they knew precious little. We hope he is exactly the right person for the job and that they (and the rest of us) do not have to repent in leisure what they did yesterday in so much haste. Ernest L. Passailaigue Jr. sounds like he has the credentials that the lottery promoters, including Lt. Gov. Bill Halter, wanted. They said the director should have lottery experience, which excluded everyone in Arkansas. Passailaigue is the executive director of the South Carolina lottery. He had no experience with lotteries before he became head of the new South Carolina lottery in 2001. He was a politician. “We’ve got a winner,” Halter said. Passailaigue should satisfy the legislators who have been pushing for quick action in getting the lottery going. Passaliaigue is a former South Carolina state senator. In fact, he sponsored legislation creating the South Carolina lottery and then became its first director. He also ran for governor of South Carolina in 1990 and lost rather badly. He is an accountant and once owned a professional baseball team. With credentials like that, why look any further? The state Lottery Commission, largely handpicked by state legislators, panicked this week when legislators grumbled that the commission was taking too much time picking a director, which was postponing the day when Powerball tickets would go on sale. So the commissioners met in secret session twice at the end of the week and chased down Passailaigue, who agreed to take the job at a salary of $324,000. Actually, it was Passailaigue who suggested the figure, and the commission instantly agreed. He is earning $226,829 a year at Charleston. But Chairman Ray Thornton said Passailaigue would be giving up some benefits that he gets in South Carolina, which he did not identify. Presumably, the Arkansas job will come with health and retirement benefits. In South Carolina, the principal qualification for the man to kick-start the lottery was to be a well-connected politician who had sponsored legislation to create a lottery. In Arkansas, the qualification apparently was the same, with the additional qualification that he have actually got one started. The extraordinarily lucrative Arkansas offer comes at a good time for Passailaigue. Blogs have been titillating South Carolinians with reports that the lottery chief, who is married and has seven children, moved a woman out of his office and into another $67,000-a-year position in the big lottery operation after complaints from employees that she was his girlfriend. The South Carolina lottery is a big, big operation — some 150 employees. We’ll soon have another big bureaucracy at Little Rock. But what the lottery commissioners, the lawmakers and Halter, the lottery godfather, wanted was someone who could get over the early hurdles quickly so that people can start gambling their checks away before the end of the year. Passailaigue ought to be the man for that. We don’t think that is worth anything close to $324,000, which is nearly four times the governor’s salary and more than the director of any state department, but we admit it: We have a poor appreciation for the value of lotteries. It clearly is the most important undertaking in modern history. We will suspend our misgivings and hope that Ernie Passailaigue will take Arkansas into the bright tomorrow that the lottery promoters say is coming. TOP STORY >> Koko sang ‘Wang Dang Doodle’ to us By GARRICK FELDMAN Leader executive editor Koko Taylor, the Queen of the Blues, appeared at the Mississippi Delta Blues and Heritage Festival in Greenville, Miss., last September. We’d missed her show because the festival had been moved without much advance notice. But we caught her back stage and asked her to autograph a publicity shot her record company had sent us. We then asked her if she’d sing just a tiny bit of her big hit, “Wang DangDoodle,” and she obliged us while we sat on a bench. We gonna pitch a wang dang doodle all night long All night long, all night long, all night long. We hugged and promised to look her up in Chicago, but she looked frail — she’d been in poor health for years — and we didn’t think we’d see her again. Koko died on Thursday at the age of 80 in Chicago, where scores of other great blues artists who’d migrated there from the South are buried. We first met her more than a decade ago, when her band from Chicago appeared for a fund-raiser for the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale, Miss. John Mayall was on the bill, and Buddy Guy was the headliner. Koko and her group may have driven down from Chicago (years later, a couple of her musicians were killed on the road trying to get to a gig). She was never a megastar like Buddy Guy or John Mayall. But she was just as good. Taylor’s family moved to Chicago from Memphis in the early 1950s, and she soon became part of the jumping blues scene that included transplants from all over the South. It was an amazing gathering of great artists who were born in a region where the blues began. But few women rose to the top in a field dominated by men since the 1930s. Before that, Bessie Smith, Mamie Smith, Ma Rainey and other women were the stars. Then tastes changed, so it was remarkable for Koko Taylor to take her rightful place in the Chicago blues pantheon. She had a powerful voice till the end, even though she’s had a couple of operations and many health problems. She recorded Willie Dixon’s “Wang Dang Doodle” on Chess in 1965, and remained a star for the rest of her life. Her finest recordings are gathered on a Chess compilation titled “What It Takes,” where she’s backed by some of the finest blues musicians in Chicago: Big Walter Horton (harmonica), Buddy Guy, Robert Nighthawk, Jack and Louis Myers (guitar), Lafayette Leake (piano), Dixon (bass) and others. There’s also a similarly titled CD from Alligator (her label for more than 30 years), titled “I Got What It Takes.” This, too, has several top-notch Chicago bluesmen, including Sammy Lawhorn of Little Rock, Mighty Joe Young on guitar, Abb Locke on saxophone, Bill Heid on keyboards and Vince Chappelle on drums. Wonderful musicians, wonderful singer. “There’s not a lot of young people listening to the blues,” Koko told an interviewer. “I want to educate the next generation and show them how to sing the blues. I want to get it through their little heads the blues is cool, and the blues will never die. It’s music that sticks to your ribs—like red beans and rice.” May she keep singing to us from heaven. Rest in peace, Koko. TOP STORY >> Mayor-elect has his team ready to go With a new mayor come new people and new ideas. Mayor-elect Gary Fletcher has already started to make plans for his new team to lead Jacksonville forward. “To be a successful administration, you’ve got to surround yourself with a successful team,” he said. “I’m going to have to get a lot done in just 12 months before I start thinking about re-election. I’ve got to show that I can get the work done,” Fletcher said. The mayor-elect said he’s focused on three main areas: schools, annexation and re-examining the Graham Road closing. His team to help him do this will include businessman Jim Durham as the director of administration to bring a “business and retail attitude to city hall.” Current city administrator Jay Whisker, who has split his duties between administration and city engineer duties, will become the city engineer, a job he held previously. Fletcher, 54, said it would be a lateral move and no reduction in pay. “We need Jay working full-time on our annexation issues, streets and drainage. It has to be someone with expertise who I can trust, and that’s Jay,” he said. City planner Chip McCulley, who was hired when Whisker left city employment for a short time before coming back as the administrator, will stay on, too. “As city planner, his focus is on code enforcement and cleaning up the city,” Fletcher explained. Fletcher, who will take over July 1, said the mayor’s job is not a one-man show. “We need a solid group of people working together for the best for Jacksonville,” he said. Fletcher likened his election to fill the last 18 months of retiring Mayor Tommy Swaim’s term to a quarterback coming into the game in the fourth quarter. “I’ve got to move the team and score so I can get into the next game at the beginning,” he explained. Once Fletcher moves into the mayor’s office, the city council will have to appoint a replacement to Fletcher’s council seat. “I expect there’ll be three or four applicants. It will be the council’s decision. I won’t endorse anyone,” he said. The alderman candidate will have to live in Ward 4, which is basically north of Main Street and west of Hwy. 67/167. Fletcher, like most Jacksonville residents, is upset with the way the school district has treated Jacksonville over the years. “I don’t feel they have a clue how to give us a quality education. Every day that problems persist is another day that it hurts our children,” he said. Fletcher added that he was embarrassed by the condition of the city’s schools. “They need to be better than that. Our kids are better than that,” he said. Fletcher said, “The mayor is the head of the city and has to be up in front on this issue and not take a wait-and-see attitude. We’ve been reactive too long. It’s time to take the bull by the horns.” The mayor-elect is displeased with the movement of school administrators and putting all the middle school students back under one roof. “That building is undersized and not up to code,” he said. Fletcher said as mayor he would offer the district an olive branch. “I want to play nice.” Durham said Fletcher would approach the district with a carrot in one hand and a big stick in the other, in case the carrot doesn’t work. When it comes to the question of the closed Graham Road crossing, which some residents feel has helped isolate Sunnyside from the rest of the city, Fletcher has said the issue needs revisiting. “I don’t ever remember seeing an economic study, and we all know what happened economically. Closing that crossing has hurt a lot of people. We need to push and see exactly what it would cost us (to reopen it). I can’t see them making us pay all the money back,” he said. Fletcher added that years ago there was talk about curving Main Street into Graham Road. “We need to look at that again. We’ve got a $4 million overpass and will soon have a $7 million improved Graham Road with two one-way streets in the middle. Traffic needs to flow.” Fletcher wants to annex everything north along Hwy. 67/167 up to the county line. “We need to expand, “ he said. Fletcher has lived in Jacksonville since 1968 and has been on the council since 1978. He is president of Fletcher Homes. He is married and has two children and five grandchildren. TOP STORY >> School construction costs remain $14M The Cabot School Board learned this week that the cost of the combination building on the high school campus that will be used for health, physical education and recreation as well as a cafeteria and amphitheater (HPER/cafeteria) will likely cost the same as it was expected to cost five years ago when it was first on the drawing board. Dr. Tony Thurman, the school superintendent, told the board Tuesday that although nothing is final, the building will likely cost $14 million, including the $773,000 that architect Steve Elliott will be paid. As with all construction projects, the school district is the contractor and all the bids are from companies that will supply various parts of the new structure such as electrical, plumbing, windows, flooring, gym seating and the like. “We were thinking a lot higher so we were very pleased,” Thurman told the board. To get ready for construction to begin, some buildings will be torn down; others will be relocated and programs will be moved to new homes. The project is expected to be completed in 30 months. The HPER/cafeteria is among $50.5 million in projects that were made possible by the 3.9 percent millage increase voters approved last year. In addition to work on the high school campus, several additions and improvements district-wide, the millage increase is helping to fund an elementary building estimated at $11.3 million. To get the site ready to start the dirt work this summer, Thurman said the old metal agriculture building and the old concession stand will have to be removed. The ROTC building will be moved to Junior High South and used as an activity building. The old counseling center will also be removed. The ROTC program will move to the former media center on the high school campus once the renovations are completed. Those renovations are expected to be completed by the time school starts in August. The agriculture program will move to the S-Building on the high school campus. Once the HPER/cafeteria is completed, the S-Building. will be renovated for additional classroom space. The existing cafeteria will be renovated for a modern agriculture education center. The current bus drive through the center of the high school campus will move to the front of the Career and Technical Center (formerly Champs Hall). The current Fine Arts Center will be renovated once construction on the HPER/cafeteria has been completed and will share a lobby with the new HPER/cafeteria. Construction is winding down on the new Junior High North that started almost two years ago and it is expected to be ready for students in the fall. The original Junior High North burned three years ago. The portables that have been used since the fire to house students are scheduled to be removed in the next two weeks, Thurman told the board. The new Junior High North will be larger than the original, 127,282 square feet compared to 102,400 square feet. It will cost the $13.5 million with furnishings. Four additional classrooms will open in the fall at Westside Elementary. The dirt work is under way at the new Mountain Springs Elementary that is expected to open in the fall of 2010. The district also is negotiating the purchase of the Funtastic building on Hwy. 321 for $1.3 million. It will be used for the district’s alternative school and charter school. Thurman said renovations will likely not be completed by the time school starts. TOP STORY >> No to portable buildings Pulaski County Special School District officials say they will add five portables to alleviate a classroom shortage next year at the newly coeducational Jacksonville Middle School but the town’s mayor-elect says “not in our town you won’t.” “Jacksonville is not a trailer park,” said Gary Fletcher, who assumes duties as mayor on July 1. “We’ve been here 100 years and I don’t support temporary buildings for a permanent problem.” To the distress of many Jacksonville leaders and parents, its board member Bill Vasquez has worked for more than a year to dismantle the single-gender middle schools despite evidence that they were effective academically and in reducing discipline problems. But the Pulaski Association of Class-room Teachers wants control of those schools. Vasquez, board president Tim Clark and Gwen Williams, all steadfast friends of the union, were joined by Charlie Wood of Sherwood earlier this year to combine the schools on Vasquez’s motion. The issue cannot be voted upon again unless reintroduced by a school board member who passed the policy. Vasquez, Clark and Williams are unlikely to do so, leaving Wood as the last hope of the single-gender advocates. Wood could not be reached for comment. July 1 is the deadline to reconfigure schools for the 2009-2010 school year, and Jacksonville school activists will join the new mayor, his city engineer and others Tuesday night hoping to argue their case at the last regular school board meeting. So far, they say they have not been able to get on the agenda to discuss the contentious item, but will at least speak out during the public-comment period. Even if the action is not re-versed, the large coed school is still not a done deal. The U.S. District Court and the state could have something to say about the use of portables, according to Martha Whatley of Jacksonville. Whatley, a longtime educator, says the state wants to get rid of portables by 2010. Jacksonville Fire Marshal Mike Williams may not approve the portables, or the overall condition of the building, which still has plumbing, electrical, drainage and other problems, perhaps including asbestos. Whatley, Daniel Gray, Rep. Mark Perry (D-Jacksonville), former Rep. Pat Bond and her engineer/husband Tommy Bond joined Williams, city administrator Jay Whisker, city engineer Chip McCulley for a tour of the building school officials intend to use for the coeducational middle school next year, and Perry said they were concerned. “They are trying to put a fresh dress (on it), but the issue is structural as well as health related,” Fletcher said. “We have to make sure everything falls into code, no violations from fire or health. The city has to have a say on code violations. We need to sit down and they have to understand what needs to be done,” Fletcher said. “We want our (own) school district. We won’t accept anything less, and we want it now,” he added. Whatley said that problems that must be resolved include asbestos abatement, plumbing, loose wires, and sub-standard bathrooms, and there were health concerns as well as fire-code and building code problems. “I’m extremely concerned with what children are having to put up with,” she said. “(The district’s) plans keep changing,” said Fletcher. “They sent plans to the engineer department for the middle school and now we’re told they are going to make a change. We don’t know what the plans are.” The district had about $430,000 to get the building, known as building 600, ready to accommodate all middle school boys and girls and teachers next year, according to Gary Beck, acting executive director for support services. But bids came back about $100,000 over that, so the project has been cut back. Those numbers included leasing and setting up the five portable classrooms. Instead of replacing the bathrooms, they will be repaired, he said. Also cut from the list are additional canopy replacements or repairs. Some canopy will be repaired, some additional classrooms readied and drainage work done near the band room, Beck said. “I don’t think the fire marshal will approve the plan,” Perry said. “In order to meet the capacity, they need portables,” said Perry. He said that plan would have to be approved by U.S. District Court, where the school desegregation case languishes. Perry said the portables also would have to be approved by city code and fire marshal officials. PCSSD desegregation lawyer Sam Jones said Thursday that he disagreed. Plan 2000 requires that we inform the Joshua Interveners of any plan that involves an increase in capacity, according to Jones, but “I don’t read Plan 2000 to require us to get approval of the court.” Jones said he was writing Joshua lawyer John Walker on Friday. “We are past the point of remodeling,” said Fletcher. “We need new construction like the others (a new high school slated for Maumelle and a new Sylvan Hills Middle School).” Fletcher and engineer Chip McCulley want to be placed on the agenda for the Tuesday night PCSSD meeting, but so far their plea has fallen on deaf ears, meaning they may be allotted only five minutes each to speak during the public comment period of the meeting. Kim Forrest, appointed earlier to be principal of the coeducational school, spoke out in favor of postponing the move to a coed middle school, and many believe it was her outspoken advocacy that resulted in her sudden transfer to Northwood Middle School. Jacksonville officials, activists who want a stand-alone Jacksonville school district and at least most of the teachers from the boys school have spoken out in favor of the gender-specific education, at least for one more year to provide for a more orderly transfer. Also, many believe that the widely anticipated stand-alone Jacksonville school board should make the decision. Perry says he will reintroduce legislation in the next session providing for the recall of school-board members, a very thinly veiled threat to Vasquez’s tenure. TOP STORY >> How shooting victim survived attack at LR recruiting station Pvt. Quinton Ezeagwula is limping around his home in Jacksonville with several bullet holes in his body and shrapnel in his lung, his neck and down his back. A terrorist sprayed him with bullets Monday morning at an Army recruiting station in west Little Rock. Ezeagwula, 18, survived by playing dead after he was shot. Pvt. William Long, 23, of Conway died from a single bullet wound. He will be buried Monday. Ezeagwula, who graduated from Jacksonville High School last year, pulls up his T-shirt, and you can see his back is all shot up. A visitor thought Ezeagwula would be in bed while he recovers from the gunshot wounds that nearly killed him. But this tough guy — a former Red Devils football player — doesn’t stay in bed much. He takes some pain pills and a nurse visits him daily to tend to his wounds. Ezeagwula, who left the hospital on Thursday, talked about his ordeal as his family sat with him, just grateful that he’s alive. “I’m thanking God he’s at home,” says his aunt, Vicki Jones. Ezeagwula and Long were standing outside the recruiting station in Ashley Square Shopping Center near Rodney Parham Road when a dark pickup approached them as they took a smoke break. “We’d been standing outside for five minutes,” Ezeagwula says, as he sits on a couch in the living room. He and Long had worked there only for a week as temporary recruiters before they were supposed to head out for their next assignment. “He was really a nice guy,” Ezeagwula says. At 10:19 a.m. Monday, Abdul-hakim Mujahid Muhammad, 24, aka Carlos Leon Bledsoe, reached for a cheap Chinese semiautomatic rifle and started firing. Muhammad was saying something, but Ezeagwula couldn’t understand him. Despite earlier reports, the two soldiers were not armed. Recruiters don’t carry weapons. Ezeagwula doesn’t remember some of the details of the shooting. But his mother, Sonia, says that when Muhammad reached for his rifle, her son thought it was a prank. “When he pulled out his gun, (Quinton) thought he was playing,” his mother says. “I had just dropped him off 20 minutes earlier.” But Muhammad was deadly serious. He’d come to kill as many soldiers as he could gun down. Long was shot first and was mortally wounded. He’d been shot once. Ezeagwula was shot in his neck, back and buttocks. He tried to run, fell down and played dead. “I was bleeding, but I didn’t think I was seriously hurt,” he says. When Muhammad drove off, the Jacksonville teenager started crawling back toward the recruiting office. As he lay wounded, he called his mother on his cell phone to tell her that he was all right, but she didn’t answer. A sergeant came running out from the recruiting office. “He asked me if I was OK,” Ezeagwula said. “I told him I’d been shot.” As they put Ezeagwula in an ambulance, the sergeant called the private’s mother to tell her that he’d been shot. “Who would have thought something like that would happen at a recruiting station?” she asks. “He’s a good son. He never was in a gang. He never stole for drugs. He stayed on a good path.” The family has just moved into a new house and would have had to wait until Monday to get electricity, but Rep. Vic Snyder’s office had the power turned on a couple days ago. “I’m just so glad to see this boy,” his mother says. Ezeagwula is staying in the Army and is headed for Hawaii when he recovers. “He wants to continue serving his country,” his mother says. EDITORIAL >> Sen. Baker’s showboating State Senator Gilbert Baker is having trouble writing a constitutional amendment that he hopes might carry him to the U. S. Senate. That ought to be hard, if not impossible, to do. Manipulating the state’s fundamental law for political gain once got you nowhere, but it has become the go-to strategy for politicians and parties. Jim Johnson circulated petitions in 1956 to put on the ballot a constitutional amendment requiring state officials to do everything possible to prevent the federal courts from integrating the public schools. The amendment passed, to be repealed by voters nearly 40 years later, but Johnson lost his simultaneous bid to be elected governor. But for the past 20 years Republicans have put emotional issues on the general-election ballot that Republican candidates can rally around and get out the vote: abortion, gay marriage, gay adoptions and foster parenting. It has proven to be moderately effective in ramping up the vote for Republicans. Union baiting looks like the strategy for 2010. Baker, the former state Republican chairman who is pondering a race for the U S. Senate, filed a proposed constitutional amendment that he says would require elections by secret ballot before a company would have to bargain with a union. That would be in case Congress and the president change the federal labor rules to require employers to bargain with employees when most of them signed cards for a union to represent them on wages and benefits. The state Constitution in that eventuality would still protect the company from having to negotiate with its employees. Of course, Baker does not describe his proposal in those terms. He says it’s all about protecting the employees by forever guaranteeing them the secret ballot. It is not about the secret ballot but about labor-management relations. Now, labor-management decisions rest entirely in the hands of the employer. No matter how many union requests that workers sign, the company decides if an election will be held and it dictates the terms. The union card-check bill pending (and doomed) in Congress would let a majority of workers decide if an election will be held or if there will be negotiations for a contract. Twice, the attorney general has rejected Baker’s proposal. It is too ambiguous for voters to know what they are voting to do, he said. Baker and the group he says he represents, something called Save Our Secret Ballot in Arkansas, will get another chance to write an amendment that is clear and viable. As it was submitted, it might require elections in any number of situations. If election by secret ballot is a sacrosanct way of transacting commercial activity, then indeed it should be forcibly applied to other commercial matters as well, perhaps the choosing of company directors and executive officers, the awarding of contracts and subsidiary relations. There is nothing about a wage contract that should make it subject to a secret ballot. It is one form of democratic expression, a fairly recent one, but not the only legitimate one. A bigger hurdle for Baker is that nothing that he and corporate lawyers can write into the Arkansas Constitution will change the timeless rule of constitutional federalism. The federal government has pre-empted jurisdiction in labor-management relations. A congressional act, even a regulation of the National Labor Relations Board, pre-empts any contrary provision of the state Constitution. Baker’s amendment, if it is ratified, won’t alter the rules on bargaining that Congress lays down. Arkansas learned that when the 1988 amendment prohibiting the use of public funds for abortions was invalidated after its first application because it ran afoul of federal regulations for Medicaid. But that really is immaterial. Putting it on the ballot and giving candidates a chance to stand foursquare for the secret ballot and against union bosses are all that matter. The mere utterance of “union bosses” gets people’s blood boiling. The amendment is a means, not an end. Who cares whether the proposition carries or if it ever does anything? TOP STORY >> Local man is tied to daring prison break A Jacksonville man is one of three arrested by the State Police in connection with the escape of two convicted killers from the Arkansas Department of Correction’s Cummins Unit at Grady on Friday. Michael Stephenson, 50, was arrested Saturday, along with Deanna Davison and Ryan McKinney, both of North Little Rock. All three were charged with a felony count of furnishing an implement of escape by leaving a 2003 Hyundai Sonata in the prison parking lot for the escapees to use in their getaway. The State Police aren’t saying how the three knew the two escapees, Jeffrey Grinder, 32, and Calvin Adams, 39. Neither of the inmates seem to have any Jacksonville connections. State Police spokesman Bill Sadler said the escape is still under investigation and it could take weeks before it’s completed. Grinder and Adams walked out of the prison Friday wearing correctional officer uniforms that are made at Cummins, got into the Sonata and drove off shortly after the 6 p.m. head count. The pair was not noticed as missing until the 10 p.m. head count. Authorities had leads over the weekend that the two were near Kalamazoo, Mich., and arrested them Tuesday in New York after they tried to speed away from police and crashed into a tree about 90 miles southeast of Buffalo. The escapees were in the same car that had been left for them at the Cummins Unit prison. Arkansas Correction Department spokeswoman Dina Tyler said the chase began when a New York trooper tried to stop the men’s car for speeding. Both were caught after the car crashed and they tried to run away, she said. No one was hurt and neither man was armed. According to police reports, the chase reached high speeds and went on for about 20 miles in Allegheny County in rural western New York, just north of the Pennsylvania state line. Tyler said Monday that five guards at the Cummins Unit had been placed on unpaid leave while the department investigates the escape. She did not name the officers but said they were guarding the entry and exit points at the prison. Adams, from Laetrile, was convicted in 1995 in the 1994 kidnapping and murder of Richard Austin, 25, a banker. Austin’s wife was wounded and walked more than a mile to summon help. Grinder is from Yellville and was convicted of capital murder, aggravated robbery and burglary in the 2003 beating death of Pat Gardner, 77, who lived near Springdale. TOP STORY >> A survivor in shooting doing well Leader editor-in-chief Pvt. Quinton Ezeagwula, 18, who was a fullback and a linebacker for the Jacksonville Red Devils in 2007, is recovering from gunshot wounds after a terrorist attack Monday at an Army recruiting station in Little Rock. Ezeagwula was shot three times as he stood outside the recruiting station with Pvt. William Long, 23, of Conway. Long was shot several times and died later at Baptist Health Medical Center. Ezeagwula’s family is hoping the teenager makes a full recovery. Tuesday, Ezeagwula’s Army buddies brought him a football to cheer him up and to remind him of the days when he played for the Red Devils and when terrorism was something that happened far away. The soldiers couldn’t imagine they’d become victims of terrorism even before they headed overseas. Members of our armed services know danger awaits them when they go to Iraq or Afghanistan — roadside bombs are a constant menace — but when you’re volunteering at an Army-Navy recruiting station, the last thing that crosses your mind is gunfire from a Muslim fanatic who’ll tell you his religion stands for peace while he mows you down. Who knows, he might have shouted, “Allah is great” as he sped away. Ezeagwula and Long were volunteering in the Army’s Hometown Recruiter Assistance program. They made easy targets as they took a break outside the recruiting office in Ashley Square Shopping Center near Rodney Parham Road when a dark pickup approached. They had no idea that a convert to Islam, who had recently returned from Yemen, was looking for soldiers to kill. Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad, 24, aka Carlos Leon Bledsoe, shot several rounds from the back of the vehicle. He’d brought a cheap Chinese military rifle with him, similar to the one a Jacksonville man used last summer in a standoff with police in his home. That standoff ended when a police sharpshooter killed the man through a kitchen window. Although Ezeagwula and Long may have been armed, they didn’t have time to defend themselves once the shooting started. Muhammad said he would have shot others if they’d been outside with the others. But this was no suicide mission: Muhammad didn’t dare leave his truck and storm the recruiting office, where he could have killed many other soldiers, but he, too, would have died in a hail of gunfire. Instead, Muhammad fled, but he was soon arrested at the I-630 and I-30 interchange near downtown Little Rock. He pleaded not guilty Tuesday to capital murder and terrorism, but he remained defiant. He said he was a devout Muslim who hated the military for what it was doing to Muslims overseas. He recently changed his name from Carlos Leon Bledsoe, but the FBI was watching him because of his travels to the Middle East. He’d moved from Memphis to Little Rock, where he was looking for a military target. On Monday, he’d found what he was looking for. TOP STORY >> Cabot mayor to run for Senate AND JOAN MCCOY Cabot Mayor Eddie Joe Williams announced Monday that he is running for the Dist. 28 Senate seat that Sen. Bobby Glover will vacate at the end of 2010. Williams, a Republican, said running for the Senate next year instead of a second term as mayor was a matter of timing. Glover, a Democrat from Carlisle, is term limited in the office he has held since 2004. Dist. 28 includes all of Lonoke and Prairie counties and parts of Pulaski and Arkansas counties. If he is elected, Williams says he will be the same type of approachable public servant that Glover has been. “I will build on his reputation as a constituent senator,” the mayor said. Former House Speaker Benny Petrus, D-Stuttgart, said Tuesday that he was “leaning toward getting in the race.” “I’m going to sit down with my family and make a decision by the first of August,” Petrus said. “If we do it, we’re going to get after it. It will be feet to the pavement.” “I’ve been encouraged by a lot of people,” Petrus added. “I’ve got the [legislative] experience,” he said. “So much knowledge of how the process works. But I’ve got to get committed myself.” Petrus said if he decided against running, he would back his friend, former state Rep. Lenville Evans, D-Lonoke. Evans, reached on a tractor planting soybeans Tuesday, said he was considering a run for Glover’s seat, but that there were several considerations, including whether or not Petrus seeks the office. Glover said Monday that he would not endorse a candidate, at least not in the primary. He also said he had decided not to run for secretary of state, in part because he’s not fully recovered from his stroke last summer. He said he would be open to further service to the people if he were appointed to the state Highway Commission or the state Corrections Board. In an interview Monday, Williams called Glover one of the best friends Cabot has ever had and credited the senator with help on some of the major projects that have been started since he became mayor in January 2007, especially funding for the armory that will be built in Cabot. Williams’ prepared statement did not include his affiliation with the Republican Party. “I’ll work for everyone as an individual, not as a party,” he said. “Being there when your constituents need you is more important.” To stave off critics who might say he hasn’t given enough to Cabot yet to move on to a state office, Williams says it’s possible to stay in a position too long, that he has gone at “mach speed” ever since he took office and he has accomplished a lot. “It’s not about how long; it’s what you do while you’re there,” Williams said. Traffic has been on top of Williams’ list of priorities since he took over as mayor. He has worked with the state and county on road projects that have eased traffic congestion somewhat. The city was at least $400,000 in debt so the budget was also a major concern. Now, mainly through staff cuts, the city has about $2 million more than is necessary to run the city at the current level. Additionally, a $775,000 health department clinic is under construction and an $8.2 million armory should be started this year. The $7.2 million railroad overpass that Williams started working for about 10 years ago while he was on the Cabot City Council is near completion. If elected, Williams will continue to work for federal funding for a north interchange estimated to cost about $20 million. Williams, 54, grew up in Sheridan. He has been married for 37 years and has three daughters, six grandsons and one granddaughter. He worked for the railroad for 30 years, starting as a laborer and working up to regional director of transportation. He retired when he was elected mayor. Asked how he would deal with being only one of many senators instead of the top official, Williams said he realized that his role would be different from what it is now. But he said he would become a consensus builder. “People need someone to represent them at the state level,” he said. Williams, who announced his intentions to run for mayor almost four years before he was elected, said he won’t start campaigning until 2010. Randy Minton of Ward, a former state representative and a Republican, had been rumored as a candidate for the state Senate, but Minton said this week that he will not run and that he has offered his support to the mayor. Minton, who once coveted the seat held by Glover, said, “I’m going to support Eddie Joe. Eddie Joe is the best chance the Republican Party has to take that seat.” His unsuccessful race for an open House seat last year against Davy Carter was the reason for his decision, Minton said. Minton said that he’s not running because of “the outcome of the last election” for state representative, which he lost to Carter (R-Cabot), 1,388 to 1,066. Also, “I’ve had some changes in my business and it takes a lot of time.” Petrus, who owns both a Chrysler/Ford dealership and a General Motors/Buick dealership in Stuttgart, said although these are difficult times for car dealers, “We didn’t get any letters” from Chrysler or GM telling Petrus to close down. Lonoke County prosecutor Will Feland also has been named as a possible candidate. Feland, who was appointed as prosecutor last year after Lona McCastlain resigned, said his new job is consuming all his time now. He isn’t saying he won’t run, Feland said, but it is too soon to say one way or the other. TOP STORY >> Fletcher winner in runoff Click inside box to enlarge view Alderman Gary Fletcher will be the new mayor of Jacksonville. It was his third try for that job. Fletcher jumped out to a 105-vote lead in the early voting and never relinquished the reins, beating Alderman Kenny Elliott, 1,367 votes or 54.8 percent to 1,142 votes or 45.2 percent. The runoff election contradicted the norm by bringing out more voters than the original election — a six-candidate race held May 12. Fletcher was the front-runner in that election where 2,437 votes were cast, garnering 39 percent of the vote to Elliott’s 32 percent. The winner thanked his supporters outside his campaign headquarters at Crestview Plaza. Fletcher called his election a grassroots effort and credited his supporters for carrying him to victory. “The people here is why this happened,” Fletcher said, pointing to his supporters as they laughed, applauded and ate barbecue. “I’m just overwhelmed. It’s been a long four months.” “I just want to be the people’s servant,” Fletcher said. He praised his opponent for running a positive campaign. “Kenny is a class act,” Fletcher said. “Kenny and I showed politics don’t have to be gutter politics.” “These people came as volunteers and took over the campaign,” he said in an interview. “They put up yard signs and went door to door.” Fletcher said he, too, knocked on many doors. “I sat down with people house to house,” he said. “I was being Gary. They told me they expected a lot from me.” Elliott called Fletcher early Tuesday evening and congratulated him on the win. “As an alderman and a resident of Jacksonville I will continue to work hard for the city,” he said. Elliott felt good about the campaign he ran and said both he and Fletcher ran very positive campaigns. “I feel good about the issues that were raised. We worked hard, but Gary came out on top and I congratulate him,” he said. Elliott also wanted to thank all of his supporters. Mayor Tommy Swaim, who is resigning July 1 in the middle of his term, called Fletcher to congratulate him on his victory. “If there’s anything I can do, let me know,” Swaim told him. Swaim said he would “work as hard as I can to make the transition as smooth as possible” and between now and June 30 he’ll continue to do his job. Fletcher won five of the eight polling sites, losing to Elliott at Chapel Hills Baptist Church, the Jacksonville Boys and Girls Club and Berea Baptist Church. At an earlier candidates forum sponsored by the Jacksonville Chamber of Commerce between the special election, May 12, and Tuesday’s runoff, Fletcher said the “choice is not between good and bad. We are both good people. If you want the city to continue in the direction it’s been going, then vote for Elliott, but if you want a change and someone with a clear vision, vote for me.” When asked at the forum if the mayor should be leading the charge for a separate school district for the city, Fletcher said, “The mayor is the head of the city and has to be up in front on this issue and not take a wait-and-see attitude. We’ve been reactive too long. It’s time to take the bull by the horns,” he said. Fletcher has said that he wants to create an education commission and fund it with city money as a war chest to get the new district going. “We need to let the county district know we are serious,” he explained. “We’ve got to push for our schools. The schools are the heartbeat of our community,” Fletcher said. Fletcher was concerned about the recent brouhaha over the city’s boy’s and girl’s middle school. “I’m upset with the district and don’t feel they have a clue how to give us a quality education. Every day that these problems persist is another day that it hurts our children.” Fletcher is displeased with the move of administrators and the middle school students back under one roof. “That building is undersized and not up to code,” he said. Fletcher had said that as mayor he would offer the district an olive branch. “I want to play nice, but if they continue not to listen to us, we can play hardball with the best of them. I don’t want that to sound like a threat, but there are things we can do,” he said. Fletcher said the issue of the Graham Road closing needs revisiting. “I don’t ever remember seeing an economic study and we all know what happened economically. Closing that crossing has hurt a lot of people. We need to push and see exactly what it would cost us. I can’t see them making us pay all the money back,” he said. Fletcher said that years ago there was talk about curving Main Street into Graham Road. “We need to look at that again. We’ve got a $4 million overpass and will soon have a $7 million improved Graham Road with two one way streets in the middle. Traffic needs to flow,” he said at the forum. Fletcher also wants to annex north up Hwy. 67/167 to the Lonoke County line. “Sure there’s some businesses there we may not want in our city, but the best way to make sure we don’t get more of them is to annex the area,” he said. Fletcher added that Cabot has already come south to the county line and that by going north, the city could work with Cabot. Fletcher first ran for mayor when he was 28 in 1982 against Mayor James Reid and lost. Again in 1986 he lost to Reid in a primary by 30 votes. Reid lost to independent candidate Swaim, who has been mayor ever since. SPORTS >> Bruins close tournament with 8-7 win Sylvan Hills Optimist junior Legion team salvaged a win in the Gwatney Chevrolet Tournament on Sunday at Burns Park. The Bruins opened with losses to Sheridan and Gwatney, but took advantage of Benton’s generosity on Sunday to post an 8-7 victory and a fifth-place finish. Benton pitching issued six walks, hit two more and committed three errors, allowing the Bruins to score their eight runs on only six hits. Sylvan Hills was in a giving mood, too, issuing seven walks and hitting two, while committing three errors. But Sylvan Hills got the victory when Cain Cormier singled in Justin Cook as time expired in the 2-hour time limit game. Cook opened the fifth inning of a 7-7 tie by lining his first offering into right for a single and Forrest Harrison singled him to third. One out later, Cormier hit a sharp single through the hole at shortstop. Sylvan Hills grabbed a 1-0 lead in the first after Lance Hunter reached on an error and came around on Blake Rasdon’s RBI single. But two walks, an infield single and a throwing error produced a pair of runs and a 2-1 Benton lead in the second. The Bruins tied it in the bottom half on three walks and a wild pitch. But Sylvan Hills returned the favor in the third with three walks and a wild pitch and Benton temporarily led 3-2. Hunter got things going for the Bruins in the bottom of the third with a walk, and Trey Sims, on in relief of Rasdon-in the third, delivered a pinch hit single. Michael Lock was hit with a pitch to load the bases and the Bruins tied it when Cook drew a walk. Both Austin Spears and Lock scored when Will Carter reached on a throwing error. Cook scored on a wild pitch to give Sylvan Hills a 6-3 lead. But Benton took advantage of two Sylvan Hills errors and a pair of singles to narrow the gap to 6-5 in the fourth. Brian Chastain singled leading off for the Bruins in the bottom half of the inning and eventually scored on Sims’ sacrifice fly. Sims ran into trouble in the fifth, hitting a batter and giving up a single to start the inning. Spears, the Bruins’ first baseman, made a nifty play on a sacrifice bunt attempt, charging and throwing across to third to get the lead runner. But two walks, a sacrifice fly and a wild pitch tied the game at 7. Spears came on with two outs and the go-ahead run at second and got a fly out to end the inning. Spears picked up the win after facing just one batter. Cormier, Chastain, Rasdon, Sims, Cook and Harrison had one hit each. Cook scored three times. SPORTS >> New head coach Russell putting program in place at North Pulaski Rick Russell is probably hoping the month of June isn’t quite as hectic as May. The new North Pulaski football coach spent all of last month attending to his teaching duties at Jacksonville High School before heading to North Pulaski in the afternoons for Falcon spring football. Russell, a long-time defensive coordinator at Jacksonville, took over the head coaching job at North Pulaski on May 1 when he replaced seven-year head coach Tony Bohannon. The job was already a challenging one, given the Falcons’ 5-65 record over the past seven years. It became even more challenging with Russell’s ongoing duties at Jacksonville High School. Then, Russell found out that due to a scheduling problem, the players who showed up for spring football wouldn’t be getting their physicals until the last week in June. That meant no contact during spring practice, which just concluded last week. None of that seemed to faze Russell, who sounded enthusiastic about the turnout, both in terms of numbers and quality. “I’ve enjoyed it,” he said. “It’s been a good experience getting to know the kids. I’ve been kind of busy, teaching at one school and rushing to the other school. But I’m really pleased with having 50 coming out. Especially with a new coach and with not having an athletic period. It showed commitment by the kids to be willing to come out after school.” Russell said that not being able to have contact really didn’t slow down the Falcons’ progress much because there was already so much new stuff to put in place. He compared the two weeks of spring football to the first three days of August football, when contact is also limited. “We were in helmets and shoulder pads and we were able to do a lot of drill work,” he said. “We saw them run, saw how they moved, how they lined up and pursued. We were able to see them throw and catch and cover each other. We saw a lot of things we needed to see.” Russell was especially excited about the athleticism in his secondary and by the pursuit and movement of the entire defense. He credited secondary and running backs coach Terrod Hatcher with the progress the defense has made. On offense, the big factor will be how well a mostly new offensive line develops. The Falcons lost a big group up front and will focus more on smaller, speedier linemen this fall. “It’s hard to replace those big kids on the offensive line,” he said. “We’re working on strength and quickness.” North Pulaski lost two-year starter A.J. Allen at quarterback as well as all-purpose threat Jerald Blair. But three sophomore running backs return to join football newcomer DaQuan Bryant, a talented athlete who helped lead the North Pulaski basketball team to a berth in the 5A state title game in March. “DaQuan is a college prospect in both sports,” Russell said. “He’s got the body that you want and for a guy carrying 200 pounds, he moves great.” Juniors-to-be Darius Cage, Billy Barron and Bryan Coulson are all back to help shore up the backfield. Sophomore Shyheim Barron took the most snaps at quarterback this spring. Russell said Shyheim is athletic and visualizes the field extremely well and that he can throw the ball downfield. Russell said the Falcons would run out of multiple sets on offense, including a Veer option and two- and three-back power sets. North Pulaski has most of the coaching staff in place, though Russell said he still has one position to fill. Strength and endurance were key priorities when Russell took over last month. Thus far he’s happy with the progress. “We’re on schedule,” he said. “We’re emphasizing muscle endurance through three basic lifts — the clean, the squat and the bench press. We should be able to make the increases throughout the summer as planned.” Russell has scrapped plans to participate in the Pulaski Robinson 7-on-7 tournament next week. Instead, the team will practice Mondays and Thursdays through July and will participate in a 7-on-7 scrimmage against Cabot on July 15. SPORTS >> New Lonoke basketball coach has history of winning Lonoke High School wasted little time in filling the head basketball coach’s position left vacant by former coach Wes Swift, who resigned last month to take over at Jonesboro. Dean Campbell, who has been a varsity assistant and junior high coach the past three years, was named the new head coach by athletic director Mark Hobson. Campbell has an extensive resume, including a stint as head coach at Central Arkansas Christian from 2002-04. He did his graduate work at Southwest Baptist College in Bolivar, Mo., from 1994-97 before joining the staff as an assistant at Coffeeville Community College in Kansas. He worked at West Texas A & M as a women’s assistant for two years before moving to CAC, which shared a conference with Swift and the Jackrabbits. He worked for two years in the Pulaski County Special School District before making the move to Lonoke. He was able to take the Mustangs from a nine-year drought in state tournament berths to the 3A tourney in his second season. “I think I know what it takes to put a program that has hasn’t been successful and get it going on the right track again,” said Campbell. “But I’m in a situation where Lonoke has a long tradition, and it’s been a smooth transition for the kids. That’s the most important part.” A Kansas native, Campbell began his college-playing career at Coffeyville for two years as a shooting guard before finishing at Whalen Baptist in Texas. He grew up in the community of Tyro and attended high school at Caney Valley. His marriage to Jacksonville native DeAnna 17 years ago brought him to Arkansas. They have two children, 10-year-old Regan and Riley, 6. Campbell joined the Lonoke staff in 2006. “We competed against Lonoke, and through talking with coach Swift, I learned that they had a position open,” Campbell said. “It was a good opportunity for me to be able to coach a junior high team and still be able to work with a high-school team.” For A.D. Hobson, the choice was a no-brainer. “We didn’t open the job,” said Hobson, who also had to replace departing football coach Jeff Jones with Doug Bost in March. “We liked the job that coach Campbell has done with our junior high program enough that we thought he was the best guy for the job. It’s not over, we still have to replace his position, and we also have to fill a position for girls assistant coach.” Campbell said he and Swift enjoyed a good chemistry, though the two have different demeanors. “As far as disciple, kids playing hard and being as fundamental as you can be, I will try to continue that style,” said Campbell. “I’m not as fiery as coach Swift, but he and I were a good mix. His knowledge of defense and my offensive approach worked together well, and I think he knew that ahead of time. It also led to a lifetime relationship for both of us. “He is excited. I’ve never seen him as intense and motivated. I think it will be a good marriage between him and the Jonesboro program.” SPORTS >> Gwatney settles for third place Gwatney Chevrolet bounced back from an opening-round loss to Sheridan to post wins over Sylvan Hills and Maumelle and finish third in the Gwatney Chevrolet Tournament last weekend at Burns Park. In the third-place game on Sunday, Gwatney wasted leadoff base runners in the first and second before erupting for five runs in the third and eight in the fourth to demolish Maumelle 13-3. Gwatney collected 11 of its 13 hits over the final two innings of the four-inning affair. Devon McClure led the way with three hits and three RBI. He also picked up the victory, allowing three hits and one earned run over three innings of work. He struck out five. Gwatney busted open a scoreless tie when it sent nine to plate in the third inning, scoring five of them. Orlando Roberts grounded a single to left and Jacob Abrahamson looped a single into center. After a wild pitch moved the runners up to second and third, McClure ripped a two-run single to right to put Gwatney up 2-0. The onslaught was just beginning. Patrick Castleberry singled home McClure and eventually scored himself on the back end of a double steal. Chris McClendon walked and Nick Rodriguez was hit with a pitch. Jesse Harbin drove in McClendon with a base hit and Gwatney led 5-0. After pitching out of a pair of jams in the first and second innings, McClure was touched for a run in the third, but it might have been worse. A double, two walks and a wild pitch made it 5-1. Rodriguez, the Gwatney catcher threw a runner out at the plate after another wild pitch and McClure got a strikeout to stop further damage. Gwatney began an 8-run rally in the fourth after the first batter was retired. Abrahamson walked, McClure singled and Castleberry delivered them both with a single to center. McClendon walked and, with two outs, Zach Traylor singled in two more runs. Harbin singled and Michael Lamb was hit with a pitch to load the bases. Roberts drew a bases-loaded walk to force in Traylor. Abrahamson followed with a two-run single and McClure drove in another run with a base hit to make it 13-1. Traylor came on in relief of McClure in the fourth. Two walks and two singles produced a pair of runs. But McClendon at third base recorded the final two outs of the game. Castleberry had two hits and three RBI, while Abrahamson went 2 for 2 with two runs and two RBI. Harbin had two hits and an RBI, and Traylor drove in a pair of runs with a base hit. Gwatney was slated to host North Little Rock last night in a game played after Leader deadlines. TOP STORY >> More to stay behind bars By mid-June, the Pulaski County Detention Center should expand to legally accommodate 980 prisoners. The increase will be 100 more than the current cap, but not enough to legally hold the 1,015 prisoners locked up one morning this week, according to John Rehrauer, spokesman for Pulaski County Sheriff Doc Holladay. The Pulaski County Quorum Court authorized the increase Tuesday night. The jail’s capacity was reduced from 1,130 to 800 after the roof collapsed in 2005 above jail Pods A and B. Capacity was increased in recent years to 880 with the help primarily from North Little Rock and Little Rock. Their police departments arrest the majority of the prisoners. Of those 880 inmates, 100 considered nonviolent were housed in the old work-release center now called the satellite center. When the pods were repaired and repainted early this year, those inmates and their jailers were transferred to those pods without increasing jail capacity. Renovations cost about $600,000. But the sheriff can’t add 250 inmates to fill the satellite center unless the county can pay for the additional guards, medical costs, food and utilities for them. The sheriff’s office has been training 27 new jailers with the intention of reopening 100 beds in the work- release center once they complete the seven-week course, according to a spokesman. That will increase the jail’s capacity to 980 by the middle of June. The quorum court had appropriated $1.3 million to train and pay the extra jailers required to operate the new pods and also 100 beds of the work-release center. The jail pods are within the fenced secure area of the detention center, while the satellite center is not. Holladay said that once the satellite center is completely reopened, the moves would increase jail capacity by 250 beds without a bond-issue or tax increase. Holladay said he hoped to open the remaining 150 beds of the work-release center as funds become available. When those beds become available, jail capacity will return to its 2005 capacity of 1,130. “It doesn’t solve all our problems, but it’s a step in the right direction,” Rehrauer said. Any additional jail beds beyond that would require new construction and a new source of revenue, perhaps a tax increase, Rehrauer said. To operate all 250 beds in the satellite center would cost the county $2.7 million a year in additional deputies, food, medical costs and utilities. Most studies, including an extensive study conducted by former UALR Chancellor Charles Hathaway, say the county needs between 1,500 and 1,600 beds. Pulaski County residents turned down several tax increases sought in recent years to build new capacity for the detention center. TOP STORY >> School construction costs remain $14M... TOP STORY >> How shooting victim survived attack a... TOP STORY >> Local man is tied to daring prison br... SPORTS >> New head coach Russell putting program i... SPORTS >> New Lonoke basketball coach has history ...

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Kill the QDR Doctor: “Where does it hurt?” Patient: “It only hurts when I do this. “Doctor: “So, stop doing that.” It’s an old joke, but sound medical advice, particularly for our present patient, the Pentagon. It’s time to “stop doing that” — “that” being the Quadrennial Defense Review. After four attempts (if you include the 1993 “Bottom-Up” Review,” or BUR), it is fair to conclude that the process has outlived its utility. It’s not that the 2005 QDR is so awful; it hasn’t been officially released, but its basic conclusions are common knowledge. But the Pentagon has more or less been in “QDR mode” for more than a decade; the services maintain semi-permanent QDR offices where activity peaks every four years but never ceases. It’s time to call an end to an exercise that isn’t producing the desired result. The original idea was a good one. As the Soviet empire collapsed, it became apparent that the Cold War strategy of containment and its force-sizing and force-shaping constructs had been overtaken by events. There was no superpower doppelganger for the United States, confronting us in every remote corner of the planet. Deprived of the Russian yardstick, U.S. military forces did not have an obvious way of measuring how big they needed to be. For the first Bush administration this was a serious problem. In the eye of the public and press, our last Cold War president seemed a bit of an anachronism. Oddly, the stunning success in Operation Desert Storm only fueled the desire for a “peace dividend;” U.S. armed forces seemed so dominant that they could patrol the planet single-handedly. And so then-Defense Secretary Dick Cheney directed an internal study which produced the 1992 Defense Planning Guidance. In many ways, each QDR has been a footnote to the basic policy elaborated in that report: the U.S. military should secure American global pre-eminence, try to deter the rise of a superpower challenger, and shape the international security order in ways conducive to American principles and interests. Leaked to the press before being formally approved, the DPG was castigated as the work of unreconstructed Cold Warriors looking for any excuse to keep defense spending up. While the planning guidance officially was buried with the nuclear waste, it did provide the basis for a force-planning exercise dubbed the “Base Force.” That was an attempt to define a minimum level of military power that would signal to the rest of the world that, as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Colin Powell put it, a “superpower lives here.” Be careful before you cross the United States. Strategic fashions have come and gone over the course of the QDRs. The 1993 report of the BUR was the brainchild of Defense Secretary Les Aspin, a former McNamara “whiz kid” who had distinguished himself as chairman of the House Armed Services Committee and been tapped by new President Bill Clinton to lead the Pentagon. The BUR set forth the metric that U.S. forces needed to be able to fight two “nearly simultaneous major theater wars,” or MTWs, a kind of “lite” formulation of the two-big-war standard of the Cold War; major theater wars defined as the kind of quick and crushing victory over the Iraqis in 1991. The most attractive part of the idea was that it justified significant defense spending reductions and force cuts. Yet, almost immediately, the two-theater-war benchmark became not a wind of change but a force defending the status quo. The first Clinton term produced little likelihood of a conventional conflict — the 1994 North Korean scare revealed that a war on the peninsula would be anything but a Desert Storm replay — rather a plethora of smaller but more ambiguous operations. These “peacekeeping” operations or “tea-cup wars” may have been smaller, but they were nightmarishly complex. The “Black Hawk Down” incident in Somalia and a botched intervention in Haiti cost Secretary Aspin his job. The subsequent paralysis in the face of the Rwandan genocide and the escalating fighting in the Balkans made the demands of “contingency” operations a central concern. But the deeply entrenched commitment to conventional-style theater wars halted the attempt to quantify the demands of smaller wars in the usual force-planning way. “MTWs” became “MRCs” — major regional contingencies — but the 1997 QDR offered little beyond the name change. The 1997 review also introduced the idea of a “revolution in military affairs,” the Clinton administration’s version of “transformation,” but in practice that meant buying a few extra precision-guided weapons at the expense of aircraft and other “platform” programs. As in 1993, the Army staved off deeper manpower reductions. The banner of transformation flew high above the 2001 QDR — candidate George W. Bush had made a lot of this idea on the campaign trail and hired Donald Rumsfeld for the job of secretary for transformation. Transformation appealed to the “cheap hawk” sentiments of the modern Republican Party, increasingly driven by the impulses of the Gingrich Revolution of the mid-1990s. This was not Ronald Reagan’s Republican Party, willing to spend the Soviet Union into the dustbin of history. Unfortunately, the 2001 QDR was delayed, and the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, raised doubts about the wisdom of Rummy-style transformation. Once again, a QDR was overtaken by events; these massive reviews were reactionary rather than revolutionary. The invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq and subsequent counterinsurgency campaigns, to say nothing of the ultimate “long, hard slog” to secure political transformation of the greater Middle East, made the idea of “rapid, decisive operations” look shallow, indeed. And so heading into the 2005 QDR, the Pentagon found itself with an irresolvable dilemma. The goal of American pre-eminence endured — indeed President Bush’s 2002 national security strategy had strengthened the commitment — but the hopes for preserving Pax Americana on the cheap, the hopes of every U.S. administration since the end of the Cold War had been shattered by new strategic realities. Not only was there the matter of the Middle East, but China’s rising military had learned the lessons of the revolution in military affairs to create new power-projection capabilities that put U.S. forces at risk in the event of a crisis or conflict. And there was the even-more-difficult challenge of what to do about the spread of nuclear weapons to unstable and rogue-type regimes such as Iran. In sum, we’ve reached the limit of our ability to think our way out of our military dilemma. It’s time to stop thinking and start spending. Only a larger and more capable force — a more expensive force — can give us the strategic options we so desperately need. In retrospect, the notion that the U.S. could long retain its position of leadership while spending just 3 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) on its military was optimistic, to put it kindly. Even allowing for the strong appeal of American ideals of individual liberty, the likelihood of the post-Cold-War lions lying down with the lambs contravenes the entirety of human history. The real measure of our interest in preserving the Pax Americana is what we’re willing to pay for it; people in uniform are making the ultimate sacrifice abroad, but people at home seem less willing to make a more modest financial sacrifice at home. Even the baseline budgets of the Bush administration have added no more than half a percentage point to the share of American wealth devoted to defense; the “emergency” supplemental costs of Iraq and Afghanistan — 4½ years after Sept. 11 — bump the slice up to just over 4 percent. By comparison, George Bush Senior spent 4.8 percent of GDP on defense in his final year in office; the Cold War average was between 6 and 7 percent, including the Reagan buildup. Thus, no matter how perceptive the Pentagon’s strategy-makers turn out to be, their plan will suffer from a shortfall of resources, just as the preceding plans have. The dichotomy between policy and resources, between strategic ends and military means, is nowhere more apparent than in the Middle East; President Bush has advanced a bold “forward strategy of freedom,” appealing to the deepest of American political ideals, and he repeatedly has shown his own deep commitment to make the ideal real. But in the process, he has neglected the military institutions upon which his strategy is based. The combination of the Bush Doctrine and Clinton-era budgets is a recipe for disaster, redeemed so far mostly by the quality of the force. But the failure to reinvest in defense needs will eventually catch up with us. The shortages go across the board. Procurement of new weaponry was more than halved from a peak in 1985 of more than $106 billion — in 2003, inflation-adjusted prices — to just over $50 billion during the years of the second Clinton Administration, the infamous “procurement holiday.” Again, this administration has restored less than $20 billion per year of that figure; it is no wonder that equipment readiness rates are flagging as fleets of all kinds age. Nor is it any wonder that the defense industry may be set for another round of consolidation. Although research and development spending didn’t dip as much and has been largely restored, the procurement bottleneck means that new technologies don’t make it to the field as fast as they should. Personnel and operations and maintenance spending have followed a weird trajectory all their own. The bottom line is that a smaller active-duty force is doing more with less, and the reserve components — particularly the National Guard — have been employed not as a true strategic reserve but as an operational reserve, constantly called up to supplement an overstretched active force. But though the tale of the budgetary numbers isn’t as clear as it is with materiel, the fundamental problem is, if anything, more severe; the force, particularly the ground force, is too small. And peacekeeping, peacemaking, counterinsurgency and other forms of irregular war are more manpower intensive than they are firepower intensive. END IT, DON’T MEND IT In sum, the Quadrennial Defense Review process, from 1993 until now, has utterly failed to do what it was intended to do: provide a link among strategy, force-planning and defense budgeting. Indeed, with every QDR, the situation has gotten worse; the ends-means problem has grown. Given that the Bush administration’s 2007 budget request is highly unlikely to reverse this terrible trend — how I hope I’m wrong! — it would be far better to refrain from future defense reviewing, quadrennial or otherwise. The process has become an exercise in fantasy, and what the Pentagon and the president need are a dose of reality. Let’s be honest; let’s tell the military: “OK, here’s the amount of money we’re willing to give you. Tell us what you think you can do with it and let’s manage the risk.” I come to bury the QDR with not a little personal regret. When I worked for the staff of the House Armed Services Committee, I helped draft the enabling legislation for the 1997 review. And Congress could play an important role in reconnecting our security strategy-making to our defense budget process. Committee Chairman Rep. Duncan Hunter has been preparing a “shadow QDR” through hearings last fall and to come this spring; perhaps he can reprise the role played by Les Aspin 15 years ago, bringing pressure on the administration from Capitol Hill. However, I’m not optimistic about Mr. Hunter’s prospects. Budgetary questions are always a matter of domestic politics, and the political climate in Washington these days — the president’s weaknesses combined with the collapse of the Republican machine in Congress and the inveterate hostility of the Democrats — is not conducive to putting the national interest above partisan interest. The one man who might solve the problem is President Bush himself, and he has continually surprised those who have underestimated him. But the president has squandered two golden opportunities to achieve a new consensus on defense spending, once when he was first elected and again in the aftermath of Sept. 11. We can’t wait another four years for another QDR.

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Vischer.com Framework Agreement between Switzerland and the EU Select topic Capital Markets China Desk Data & Privacy Digital Business Law Bites Dispute Resolution Employment Law Immigration Employment Law Insolvency Law Life Sciences Media & Marketing Tax Transport/Aviation Negotiations between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) on an institutional framework agreement (German only) aimed at placing bilateral relations between Switzerland and the EU on a more sustainable footing and paving the way for the conclusion of further market access agreements have stalled in recent months. In the summer of 2019, the EU reacted by withdrawing the Swiss stock exchange equivalence. For the Swiss financial centre and also for other economically important sectors, it is of great importance that an agreement between Switzerland and the EU be reached next year. The framework agreement as the cornerstone of relations with the EU Switzerland maintains a close relationship with the EU not only at the economic level, but also on the political and cultural levels. In total, there are more than 120 bilateral agreements granting Switzerland access to the EU internal market and enabling Switzerland to be linked to the EU in a sectoral manner similar to membership. The EU has long criticised the fact that the current treaty network of bilateral agreements does not guarantee homogeneity in the application and further development of the law and that there is no institutional framework overall. At the centre of criticism is the fact that most agreements do not contain an explicit obligation for Switzerland to regularly adapt market access agreements to relevant developments in EU law. The EU therefore makes new market access agreements dependent on the conclusion of a framework agreement that regulates institutional issues in a uniform and superordinate manner. In addition to the dynamic further development of the bilateral agreements, this agreement also provides for a mechanism for settling disputes and overall increases legal certainty and transparency in decision-making. The scope of the framework agreement is limited to the existing five bilateral market access agreements (free movement of persons, removal of technical barriers to trade, land transport, air transport and agriculture) and to all future market access agreements. Negotiations currently in deadlock After almost five years of negotiations, the Federal Council published the draft framework agreement with the EU in December 2018 and sent it to a domestic policy consultation. In its media release of 7 June 2019, the Federal Council approved the report on consultations on the institutional agreement between Switzerland and the EU, but pointed out that certain issues still needed to be clarified. The consultation showed that the political left and right are united against the agreement, albeit for different reasons. While the left criticises primarily that wage protection would be undermined, representatives of the right complain that "foreign judges" could rule on Swiss affairs. Because the Federal Council has not yet been able to have the negotiated agreement signed, the EU Commission has already reacted with retaliatory measures. Since 1 July 2019, the EU has no longer recognised Swiss stock exchange regulation as equivalent to EU stock exchange regulation. This is a purely politically motivated manoeuvre for which there is no objective reason. It is not yet clear how much longer the negotiations will take. However, before the vote on the initiative for moderate immigration ('limitation initiative") launched by the Swiss People's Party (Schweizerischen Volkspartei) in May 2020, hardly any significant progress can be expected in the negotiations. The adoption of the initiative would result in the termination of the agreements on the free movement of persons, which would make a framework agreement superfluous (cf. blog article "No Limitation for Europeans"). Federal Council demands clarification of disputed points The internal policy consultation process has shown that the current version of the framework agreement does not enjoy widespread support. Particular criticism is levelled at the softening of wage protection, state subsidies and ambiguities regarding the EU Citizenship Directive, which creates additional entitlements for EU citizens in the area of social assistance and family reunification. Another highly controversial issue is the dispute settlement procedure, which is intended to resolve disputes between EU law and Swiss law, and the dynamic adoption of the law, which obliges Switzerland to adopt new EU law on an ongoing basis. Contrary to what the opponents of the agreement claim, however, this is not an automatic adoption of EU law, since Switzerland can decide separately on each adoption of EU law in the planned mechanism for legal development and the constitutional rights are always observed - the referendum option is therefore fully preserved. What happens if the framework agreement fails? A failure of the contract negotiations would have negative consequences for Switzerland and would entail an incalculable risk. For one thing, it would make it impossible to conclude further market access agreements with the EU, and for another, there could even be a risk of the existing agreements being dropped or suspended. For example, it could be expected that the current negotiations on the electricity agreement and in the areas of public health and food safety would be broken off. In addition, it can be assumed that the EU could, in addition to the non-recognition of the equivalence of the Swiss stock exchange, react with further retaliatory measures such as the exclusion of Switzerland from the continuation of the EU research programme Horizon 2021. A failure of the negotiations would have devastating consequences not only for the Swiss financial centre, but also for the export industry. In view of the fact that around 55 percent of all Swiss exports go to the EU, non-discriminatory access to the European internal market is of great importance for Switzerland. For this reason, an agreement with the EU as Switzerland's most important trading partner is unavoidable. In the event that no agreement is reached even after the vote in spring 2020, the question of a Plan B arises. In order to mitigate the negative consequences of a possible non-acceptance and to allow negotiations to resume at a later date, the conclusion of an interim agreement could be considered. This would make it clear that while Switzerland has no right to conclude further market access agreements, the existing agreements would remain in force. Not least because of the threat of a suspension of cohesion payments, which Switzerland will have to pay to the new EU member states over the next 10 years, the EU should also have an interest in such an agreement. The Council of States and the National Council have agreed on the amount of CHF 1.3 billion for cohesion payments, but have made the payments conditional on the EU refraining from discriminatory measures such as the withdrawal of Swiss stock exchange equivalence. It remains to be seen how the EU will position itself on the framework agreement in the coming year under the new head of the EU Commission, Ursula von der Leyen. Our Immigration Team will be happy to answer any further questions you may have. Authors: Blanka Batschwaroff & Urs Haegi Topics: ImmigrationInstitutional Framework AgreementSwiss stock exchange equivalencebilateral agreements Here you will find the frequent news alerts in the fields tax, litigation and arbitration, public sector and regulatory, corporate and commercial law and intellectual property law. Subscribe to all or a specific topic of our blog Vischer ViPN © 2020 VISCHER

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Metro government will draw jobs. Seriously? July 20, 2009 by Dawn Miller Metro government supporters routinely say that a new consolidated government would make Kanawha County more attractive to corporations looking for new locations. Skeptics shake their heads. Kanawha has about 190,000 people, including 50,000 in Charleston. Redrawing lines on a map or redesigning local government won’t suddenly add thousands of irresistible skilled workers or fix any other problems that turn business off. True, says Matt Ballard, president and CEO of Charleston Area Alliance. But he believes metro government really could make Kanawha County more attractive to corporations. “Large businesses do hire site consultants,” Ballard said. “They come back with a short list of sites that meet certain criteria.” Companies are usually looking for two main things — infrastructure and population of a certain size, enough to provide a good workforce. So, for example, if that consultant makes a list of all the metropolitan statistical areas of 250,000 anchored by a principal city, no place in West Virginia makes the cut. Metro government: What does South Charleston see? South Charleston Mayor Frank Mullens is the second Kanawha County elected official to answer our question: “When you imagine metro government, what do you see?” Mullens was elected mayor in 2007. He started working for the city as a lifeguard in 1982 at age 19. He attended West Virginia State College, sold real estate for a time and worked his way up to city public works director in 1992. South Charleston was established in 1906 and incorporated in 1919. The city has about 12,000 people A vision of metro government By Frank Mullens Mayor of South Charleston Vision on Metro Government. I guess it is simply that a principle City (Charleston) would be the major identity of the County and the major decision maker. Even though the supporters say there would be no change in how smaller Cities function, I don’t believe that would be the case and certainly not in the long run. The argument that every City would have representation which gives them a voice just doesn’t hold water. The voice would be small and ineffective. The people serving now will not be the people serving 10 or 20 years from now, so who’s to say where the power structure would go? Here in South Charleston, I believe we have an efficient and effective government, the best services in the State, and the City is financially strong. Why would we change? Our services are very personalized, and I believe if we merge services it would take away that special personalized touch. There are many questions that need to be answered and some comments that just do not make sense. The discussions have been very generic. Comments such as more efficient and effective government lack detail. A great question would be “What service that the City of South Charleston provides now would a Metro Government provide better and how?” There have been many comments made that a Metro Government would be more cost effective by sharing resources or services. While there may be some, which needs to be explained in more detail, many of these things I would contend could be done now without the formalization of a Metro Government ( 911, Metro Drug Unit). There is also evidence that sharing cost for bulk buying does not always save money. Metro government: The view from Chesapeake Some time ago, while listening to an argument about metro government, it occurred to me that no two people I ever met seemed to mean the exact same thing when they used the term. So, we asked several Kanawha County elected officials to write down for us in their own words precisely what they see when they imagine some future metro government in the county. The first one is Damron Bradshaw, mayor of Chesapeake since 1991. He previously served on the town council and as town recorder. He is executive director of the Upper Kanawha Valley Enterprise Community, pastor of the Racine United Methodist Church and worked for 32 years at Dupont. Chesapeake has about 1,600 residents. It was incorporated on Nov. 1, 1948 and is named for the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. How do I see metro government? By Damron Bradshaw Mayor of Chesapeake My vision of metro government in the sense of Charleston-Kanawha County is truly akin to what I saw when I twice visited Louisville, Ky. Being mayor of one of the small towns in the Upper Kanawha Valley, I see a metro government that does not take away the autonomy of the towns. The towns do not change their structured form of government, but besides that have a representative to the new metro government. If the 190,000 inhabitants of Kanawha Valley are evenly divided by population and each “new district” has representation to the metro government, then I think that there is equal representation. I see a diversity of representatives by race, age and gender coming together for the good of all. But, the big thing is, “How will the unincorporated areas perceive metro government as it relates to them?” Metro government: What’s the process? At Kanawha County’s request, the Legislature this year changed the state code so that Kanawha County needs only a simple majority of affected voters (anything over 50 percent) to consolidate governments. The law lists three possible versions of consolidated government. One is the consolidation of two or more counties. Another is the consolidation of two or more cities or towns. The third variety, the one most talked about in Kanawha County right now, is called a metro consolidation in state law and is the consolidation of one or more counties with a principal city. So, how do you actually go about creating a new government? You can read Chapter 7A of state for yourself. Here are the steps for a metro consolidation (the details vary somewhat for the other two kinds) listed in the law: Step 1 — To get the process started, at least 25 percent of the registered voters of each affected principal city and county (excluding the principal city) sign a petition in support of a metro consolidation, or the affected principal city and county pass resolutions for a metro consolidation. Metro government: Louisville Mayor Jerry Abramson Jerry Abramson, mayor of Louisville-Jefferson County, Ky., visited Charleston this week to answer questions and share his experience of consolidating government in 2000 (after 40 years of debate). Abramson was mayor of the old city of Louisville and was then re-elected countywide after the merger. Staff writer Rusty Marks covered Wednesday’s public meeting at the University of Charleston. Abramson also sat down with us at the Gazette for about 45 minutes and talked about savings under the metro government, preserving the county’s 80 suburban towns, representation, interacting with new business, working with the county school system, volunteer and paid fire departments and more. You can listen to Abramson’s comments here.Â

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Home Premiere Service Could Kill the Movie Theater Experience The new Home Premiere service, which will allow movie viewers to watch new films for $30 each in the comfort of their own home, may well make lots of money for movie studios—but it could prove fatal to theaters, says Edward Jay Epstein. Edward Jay Epstein Updated Jul. 13, 2017 2:28PM ET / Published Apr. 03, 2011 8:13PM ET Warner Bros., Fox, Sony and Universal are teaming up to bring new release films to your home in high def 2 months after they've been relseased in theaters. Credit: Photo Illustration,Sami Sarkis Warner Bros., Sony, Universal, and Fox’s plan to carve a new video-on-demand window from what had been the theatrical window is an opportunity for the movie studios. But it also might well destroy the exhibition system that created Hollywood—and the movie experience that goes with it. With the Home Premiere service, which costs $30 per film, couch potatoes can get a new movie beamed into their homes from cable or DirecTV just eight weeks after it opens in the multiplexes. Now home audiences can see a movie in high definition, in the comfort of their home, at least three months before it is available on Netflix, the vending machines of Redbox, or at video stores. The math for the movie studios, at first glance, looks appealing. The average ticket price in 2010 was $7.89. The studio’s share is between 40 percent and 50 percent, depending on its deal with the theaters. (Under some contracts, the studio’s cut decreases after two weeks.) So at best, studios wind up with $3.95 per ticket sold. But for every Home Premiere viewing, they get $21, after giving DirecTV or the participating cable companies their cut. Even if people watch a Home Premiere movie in groups, studios can afford to kill off five ticket sales at the box office per home viewing and still make money. According to estimate of a Warner Bros. executive familiar with the research, the studios expect this service to skim off no more than 5 percent of the theater audience. As the Warner Bros. executive calculated it, “We cannot help but make money.” No doubt the studios will harvest money from this new service, and even draw away part of the Netflix audience, but what is conspicuously absent from the equation is what the theaters might lose. Virtually every modern theater is in a leased premise, with fixed overhead and a payroll to meet. The theater makes most of its money not from the proceeds of movie tickets but from popcorn sales and ads to the herds of moviegoers. The concessions have an 80 percent profit margin; advertising, 90 percent. Together, these two operations, which studios do not get a penny from, provide 75 percent of the multiplexes’ operating income. If they lose only a small fraction of their audience, this income diminishes accordingly. So how seriously would a 5 percent drop in attendance hurt them? A former senior studio executive who was also responsible for that studio's movie theater investments pointed out that in 2000-02 just a 3 percent to 5 percent drop in tickets sold pushed almost half of all the theaters in the U.S. to file for bankruptcy. “A 10 percent drop in ticket sales, and the attendant decline in concessions income and advertising income, will close over two-thirds of the American movie theaters—and they will never re-open,” the former executive added. The studios’ assumption that Home Premiere will not hurt theaters is nothing more than “I-can-have-my-popcorn-and-eat-it-too” wishful thinking. If so, the studios, which now are run mainly by former TV executives, are undertaking a highly risky business. They are offering the public the possibility of watching new movies at home without the hassle and expense of hiring a babysitter, driving to a megaplex, and buying food at the concessions stand. True, such an offer may appeal to only a small part of the moviegoing audience, but the studios’ assumption that it will not hurt theaters is nothing more than “I-can-have-my-popcorn-and-eat-it-too” wishful thinking. At this stage, no one can predict whether such defections will reach the critical 5 percent to 10 percent level. If it does, Home Service could kill the exhibition system responsible for Hollywood—and the traditional American movie experience. Edward Jay Epstein is the author of The Hollywood Economist: The Hidden Financial Reality Behind the Movies, which is also available as an iPad app.

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and Maintenance Agreement The BottiVerde Group Inc. 1215 Soderlind Street Ottawa, Ontario K2C 3B6 Information@BottiVerde.com (To be used in conjunction with the Web Site Planning Worksheet.) Contact Name __________________________________________________ Phone _________________________ FAX __________________________ Company/Client ________________________________________________ Address _______________________________________________________ City _____________________ Province _____ Postal Code ____ ____ E-mail address _________________________________________________ Present WWW URL (if any): ISP Username ____________________ Password _____________________ Authorization. The above-named Company or Client ("Client") is engaging The BottiVerde Group Inc., a federally incorporated company, located at 1215 Soderlind Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K2C 3B6, as an independent contractor for the specific project of developing and/or improving a World Wide Web site to be installed on the Client's Web space on some Internet Service Provider's computer. The Client hereby authorizes The BottiVerde Group Inc. to access this account, and authorizes the Internet Service Provider to provide The BottiVerde Group Inc. with "write permission" for the Client's Web page directory, cgi-bin directory, and any other directories or programs which need to be accessed for this project. The Client also authorizes The BottiVerde Group Inc. to publicize their completed Web site to Internet search engines, as well as other Internet directories and indices. Standard Web site Package Elements. The BottiVerde Group Inc. includes the following elements in their Standard Web site Packages: Text Content is to be supplied by the Client. Text content may consist of up to 200 words per Web page where not supplied via 3.5" computer diskette or electronic mail. Text content exceeding 1,200 words of text may be subject to additional fees. Text content must be presented as a final version ready for publishing. Text content may be supplied in draft form but will incur additional editorial fees. Links to external pages, up to an average of 2.5 per page. Custom Graphics Package to include a Masthead graphic on the first page; a top-of-page graphic for all other pages in the Client Web site; and various emphasis elements (viz lines and bullets, and colored and textured background). The Masthead will be in the form of a simple custom graphic incorporating the company logotype of the Client. As with other graphic elements the company logotype will be supplied by the Client in a form suitable for displaying on the Web. Photos and other miscellaneous graphic images as supplied by the Client (up to an average of 1.3 per page), in addition to the Masthead and top-of-page graphic. Graphic images must be supplied in a "ready to use" form that is suitable for displaying in a graphical Web browser, in GIF or JPEG format. Graphic images may be supplied in other forms but will incur additional fees for conversion to GIF or JPEG and the quality of the result cannot be guaranteed. Installation of Web pages on an Internet Service Provider host computer of the Client's choosing. Minor updates and changes to existing Web pages for six months. Includes up to one hour per page in total, subject to the limits outlined below. Additional changes will be billed at the hourly rate. Site publicity registration to no less than ten of the major Web search engines (viz Yahoo, AltaVista, InfoSeek, WebCrawler, Lycos, HotBot). Legal link to be included on each Web page to a page giving terms of use, copyright notices, and other legal information. The content of the target page will be supplied by the Client. The BottiVerde Group Inc. will not undertake to edit the content of this page content. The Content. The content of the Web pages will be supplied by the Client and executed as specified by the Client in the "Web site Planning Worksheet" dated _______________. This Web site includes up to ___________ Web pages. In case the Client desires additional standard Web pages beyond the original number of pages specified above, the Client agrees to pay The BottiVerde Group Inc. an additional $_______ for each additional Web page. Graphics or photos beyond the allowed average of 1.3 per Web page shall be billed at an additional $____ each. Transparencies incur an extra charge of $_____ each. Where custom graphic work (beyond the scope of the "Custom Graphics Package" detailed above) is requested, it will be billed at the hourly rate specified below. Maintenance and Hourly Rate. This agreement includes minor Web page maintenance to regular Web pages over a six-month period up to an average of one hour per regular page, including updating links and making minor changes to the text content. Substantial changes to page content will be billed at the rate of $_____ per hour. If the Client or an agent other than The BottiVerde Group Inc. makes changes the Client's pages, the time required to return the pages to their original form will be assessed at the rate of $_____ per hour, and is not included as part of time allowed for the six-month maintenance period. The six-month maintenance period commences upon the date the Client signs this contract. Changes requested by the Client beyond those limits will be billed at the rate of $_____ per hour. Changes to Submitted Text. Please send us your final text. Time required to make substantive changes to Client submitted text after the Web pages have been constructed will be billed at the rate of $_____ per hour. Internet Services. The Client understands that internet services require a separate contract with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) of the Client's choosing. The Client agrees to select an ISP which allows The BottiVerde Group Inc. full access to the Web site and a cgi-bin directory via ftp and telnet. Completion Date. The BottiVerde Group Inc. and the Client must work together to complete the Web site in a timely manner. We agree to work expeditiously to complete the Web site no later than _________________________. If the Client does not supply The BottiVerde Group Inc. complete text and graphics content all Web pages contracted for within six weeks of the date this contract was signed, the entire amount of the contract becomes due and payable. If the Client has not submitted complete text and graphics content within two months after signing of this contract, an additional continuation fee of 10% of the total contract price will also be assessed each month until the Web site is advertised. Payment of Fees. Fees to The BottiVerde Group Inc. are due and payable on the following schedule: 50% upon signing this contract, 50% when the Web pages have been constructed according to the Client's original written specifications. If the total amount of this contract is less than $600, the total amount shall be paid upon signing this contract. In case the Client has not secured Web space on an Internet Service Provider computer by the time the Web pages are completed, the Web pages may be delivered to the Client on diskette or attached to an e-mail message. Advertising the pages to Web search engines and updating occur only after the final payment is made and the Web site is publicly reachable. Assignment of Project. The BottiVerde Group Inc. reserves the right to assign subcontractors to this project to insure the right fit for the job as well as on-time completion. The BottiVerde Group Inc. does not warrant that the functions contained in these Web pages or the Internet Web site will meet the Client's requirements or that the operation of the Web pages will be uninterrupted or error-free. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the Web pages and Web site is with Client. In no event will The BottiVerde Group Inc. be liable to the Client or any third party for any damages, including any lost profits, lost savings or other incidental, consequential or special damages arising out of the operation of or inability to operate these Web pages or Web site, even if The BottiVerde Group Inc. has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Delinquent bills will be assessed a $25 charge if payment is not received within 10 days of the due date. If an amount remains delinquent 30 days after its due date, an additional 5% of interest will be added for each month of delinquency. The BottiVerde Group Inc. reserves the right to remove Web pages from viewing on the Internet until final payment is made. In case collection proves necessary, the Client agrees to pay all fees incurred by that process. Copyrights and Trademarks. The Client represents to The BottiVerde Group Inc. and unconditionally guarantees that any elements of text, graphics, photos, designs, trademarks, or other artwork furnished to The BottiVerde Group Inc. for inclusion in Web pages are owned by the Client, or that the Client has permission from the rightful owner to use each of these elements, and will hold harmless, protect, and defend The BottiVerde Group Inc. and its subcontractors from any claim or suit arising from the use of such elements furnished by the Client. Laws Affecting Electronic Commerce. From time to time governments enact laws and levy taxes and tariffs affecting Internet electronic commerce. The Client agrees that the Client is solely responsible for complying with such laws, taxes, and tariffs, and will hold harmless, protect, and defend The BottiVerde Group Inc. and its subcontractors from any claim, suit, penalty, tax, or tariff arising from the Client's exercise of Internet electronic commerce. Copyright to Web Pages. Copyright to the finished collection of Web pages produced by The BottiVerde Group Inc. is owned by The BottiVerde Group Inc. Upon final payment of this contract, the Client is assigned rights to use as a Web site the design, graphics, and text contained in the finished assembled Web site. Rights to photos, graphics, source code, work-up files, and computer programs are specifically not transferred to the Client, and remain the property of their respective owners. The BottiVerde Group Inc. and its subcontractors retain the right to display graphics and other Web design elements as examples of their work in their respective portfolios. Sole Agreement. The agreement contained in this "Web site Design and Maintenance Agreement" constitutes the sole agreement between The BottiVerde Group Inc. and the Client regarding this Web site. Any additional work not specified in this contract must be authorized by a written change order. All prices specified in this contract will be honored for six (6) months after both parties sign this contract. Continued services after that time will require a new agreement. This agreement becomes effective only when signed by The BottiVerde Group Inc. Regardless of the place of signing of this agreement, the Client agrees that for purposes of venue, this contract was entered into in the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, Ontario, and any dispute will be litigated or arbitrated in the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, Ontario. Initial Payment and Refund Policy. The total amount of this contract, totaling items detailed in Paragraphs 4 and 5 above, is $______________ This agreement begins with an initial payment of $_____________. If the Client halts work and applies by registered letter for a refund within 30 days, to The BottiVerde Group Inc., 1215 Soderlind Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K2C 3B6, phone (613) 829-0524, work completed shall be billed at the hourly rate stated above, and deducted from the initial payment, the balance of which shall be returned to the Client. If, at the time of the request for refund, work has been completed beyond the amount covered by the initial payment, the Client shall be liable to pay for all work completed at the hourly rate stated above. No portion of this initial payment will be refunded unless written application is made within 30 days of signing this contract. The undersigned agrees to the terms of this agreement on behalf of his or her organization or business. On behalf of the Client: _______________________________________ Date ________________ On behalf of The BottiVerde Group Inc. © Copyright 1996, The BottiVerde Group Inc.®

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Top 10 Canadian Fantasy Annexations Chris’ personal picks from places in the world that he has visited. Canada has never had an Empire. We are really not an Empire type of people. Our history is littered with examples of the U.S. demanding more territory and Canada apologizing politely for being in the way. But if we were to emulate our neighbour to the south, here are my tongue in cheek suggestions to expand our horizons. Turks & Caicos: This is just marginally less absurd than the other lands on this list as it has become part of Canadian folklore that this Caribbean island group seriously considered becoming part of Canada in the 1980’s. It didn’t. However it’s still the first question asked of the islands’ Premier whenever he comes to Canada. But as he once responded: Canada already owns most of the sizeable companies there, plus the three biggest banks, so why bother to annex the place? Bermuda: Another island in the sun, this time in the North Atlantic. This one also technically still belongs to Britain, but I’m sure they wouldn’t miss it. After all, they have so many others. And there are so many reasons why Bermuda should be Canadian – starting with simple convenience: it’s the closest warm weather island to Canada. We have much in common: old Parliamentary roots and guys in shorts for instance… Machias Seal Island: Did you know that this island in the Bay of Fundy off the coast of New Brunswick and Maine remains an on-going territorial dispute between Canada and the U.S. When the U.S. demanded Oregon Territory, we just rolled over. Time for them to roll over on this one! Trouble is – there’s not much there… Two lighthouse keepers (Canadian) and an awful lot of puffins and terns, so it’s a bit difficult to get too nationalistic about this rock. The Next Hawaiian Island: Over 70 million years, the combined processes of magma formation, eruption, and continuous movement of the Pacific Plate over a stationary ‘hot spot’ have left the trail of volcanoes across the Pacific that we now call the Hawaiian Islands. This conveyor belt of island formation is continuing. Lōʻihi Seamount is an active submarine volcano 35 km off the southeast coast of Hawaii about 975 m below sea level. It is predicted to rise above the surface in 10,000 to 100,000 years. I say stick a Canadian flag on it now and wait for our very own Hawaiian luau to come bursting out of the Pacific. Greenland: It really doesn’t make much sense for Greenland to be owned by a country fifty times smaller and an ocean apart. Its people are of a similar culture to our Inuit people. It’s close to us. It’s the world’s biggest island and we’re used to big landmasses. Every decent map of Canada also shows Greenland as well, so we don’t have to revise all our maps, just colour them differently. We even have the disappearing Vikings in common. It’s a no-brainer. Alaskan Panhandle: While we are mopping up the north, let’s also get rid of that weird bit of geographical nonsense called the Alaskan Panhandle. What an absurd piece of geopolitics, denying British Columbia half its Pacific coastline because some Russian was a bit short of cash. The U.S. can keep the rest of Alaska: I wouldn’t want to mess with a region that can produce such an offensive weapon as Sarah Palin… Pierre et Miquelon: The islands are 3,819 kms from Brest, the nearest point in Metropolitan France, but just 25 kms off the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland. In an obvious fit of absent-mindedness, Britain forgot to take back this last remnant of New France after the war and so these islands remain a part of France to this day. Time to remember who won the war and reclaim the source of the best croissants this side of the Atlantic. Iceland: At the height of its recent financial meltdown, Iceland seriously considered dropping the plummeting Icelandic Krona in favour of the more resilient Canadian Dollar. Why stop there? The Icelandic Vikings invaded Newfoundland and more recently Gimli, Manitoba where a large part of the population has Icelandic roots. So it’s time to reverse the trend, man the Bluenose and sail for Iceland’s rugged shores. Besides, I’ve heard the bars in Reykjavik on a Saturday night are unbelievable! The North Pole: In 2007, a Russian scientific expedition made the first manned descent to the ocean floor at the North Pole, to a depth of 4.3 km, to plant the Russian flag on the ocean floor exactly under the North Pole in support of Russia's 2001 extended continental shelf claim to much of the Arctic Ocean floor. As soon as our scientists can come up with a waterproof Maple Leaf we should supplant them and show them who really is The True North strong and free! New Zealand: I have always felt we have so much in common with New Zealanders. The colonial history mixed with aboriginal peoples, the stunning natural landscapes, and the Big Brother aspect of our respective neighbours of the U.S. and Australia. But most importantly, when it’s cold here, it’s lovely there…and vice versa. So I see this of more of home swap rather than an annexation: Kiwis love to ski, so they come here for ski season and we move in until winter is over. Fair, no?

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The city was incorporated on December 12, 1938, after a majority of citizens voted for the approval and Fowler Burris was the first mayor. In 1948 Vela Driver was elected Mayor, followed by L.K. McKewen in 1951 and Milton Carrell in 1952. R.L. Gillispie was Mayor from 1956-1958, followed by Paul Lowery, R. D. Gipson, M.E. Lemoine, and Jim Herrington in 1962. Boley Thomas, B.J. Thomasson, R.A. Stewart, E.P. Rhoudes, and H. R. Forrest served from 1966-1977. R.D. Gibson was again elected in 1977, followed by Dean McMullen, Thomas Baggett, Don Black, and Bobby Weaver. Dean McMullen served again from 1988 until 1996, when Lamar Tinsley was elected and served until his death in 2005. Herman Woolbright, Mayor Pro-tem was appointed to serve out the term and was elected by the people following his appointment. He stepped down as Mayor at the end of his term in May, 2014. Frank Harris was elected in May, 2014 and is currently serving as Mayor. Serving as City Secretary (City Clerks) have been B. C. Ivy, Pauline Capps, Evelyn Johnson, Leona Yeates, Judy Spivey, Louise Stripland, Donna Price, Betsy Gregson and Julie Davis, the current Secretary. FOR THE COMPLETE HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF THE CITY OF HUNTINGTON PLEASE SEND A DONATION OF $5.00 TO THE CENTENNIAL PARK BOARD, P.O. BOX 349, HUNTINGTON, TEXAS 75949.

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Shakespeare Web Links BUFVC articles about Shakespeare Search Shakespeare for '"Pamela Momvete"' in Person New Search (Shakespeare) Search for: in All fields Title Series Person Character Theatre Theatre Company Keywords Organisations AND OR NOT in All fields Title Series Person Character Theatre Theatre Company Keywords Organisations Year: 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 to 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 « Reset date Medium: -- All media types -- Audio Film Multimedia Radio Television Video Type: -- All production types -- Advertising/Trailers/Promos Animation Dance Documentary/Educational/News Fiction Films Operas and Musicals Sitcoms/Variety Sound Recordings(Commercial) Stage Recordings Television and Radio Drama Other Play: -- All plays -- All’s Well That Ends Well Antony and Cleopatra As You Like It Comedy of Errors, The Coriolanus Cymbeline Hamlet Henry IV Part 1 Henry IV Part 2 Henry V Henry VI part 1 Henry VI part 2 Henry VI part 3 Henry VIII Julius Caesar King John King Lear Love’s Labour’s Lost Macbeth Measure for Measure Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Midsummer Night’s Dream, A Much Ado About Nothing Othello Pericles, Prince of Tyre Richard II Richard III Romeo and Juliet Taming of the Shrew, The Tempest, The Timon of Athens Titus Andronicus Troilus and Cressida Twelfth Night Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Two Noble Kinsmen, The Winter’s Tale, The Category: -- All play categories -- Apocrypha Comedies Complete Works History Plays Late Plays Poetry Problem Plays Roman Plays Songs Sonnets Tragedies Subject: -- All subjects -- American Studies Archaeology Architecture Art Arts and Humanities Astronomy Biology Broadcasting Business studies Catering Classical studies Dance Design Drama Economics Education English language and literature Film & television production Film studies Film Studies French studies Geography History Information technology Languages Law Librarianship Linguistics Literature Media studies Medical sciences Music Philosophy Politics & government Psychiatry Psychology RACE RELATIONS & CULTURAL IDENTITY CATALOGUES Religious studies Science Shakespeare Social sciences Social Studies Spanish studies Sports science Technology Travel & tourism Women’s studies Period: -- All periods -- Ancient Americas Ancient Britain Ancient Rome Ancient Greece Dark Ages Medieval Elizabethan Renaissance Italy 16th Century 17th Century 18th Century 19th Century Victorian Edwardian 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Contemporary Future No period Country: -- All countries -- Argentina Australia Austria Barbados Belgium Bosnia-Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Canada Chile China Congo Croatia Cuba Czech Republic Czechoslovakia Denmark Egypt Estonia Finland Former Czechoslovakia Former USSR France Georgia Germany Ghana Government USA Great Britain Greece Hong Kong Hungary India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malaysia Mexico Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Palestine Paraguay Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Serbia Singapore Slovenia South Africa South Korea Spain Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Tadjikistan Taiwan Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Uzbekistan Venezuela Yemen Yugoslavia Language: -- All languages -- Albanian Arabic Arabic (Algeria) Arabic (Egypt) Arabic (U.A.E.) 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Shakespeare Shakespeare productions To order You are currently searching in Shakespeare. Search all the BUFVC's collections for '"Pamela Momvete"' in All fields. Shakespeare productions: 1

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